为您找到与英语量词的用法详解相关的共200个结果:
祈使句是什么,它在英语写作或者英语的表达里有什么用法呢?以下是读文网小编给大家带来英语祈使句用法辨析,以供参阅。
为了使祈使句的语气变得委婉,我们可以在祈使句的句首或句末加上please——若加在句首,其后不用逗号;若加在句末,则通常会在please前加一个逗号。如:
Step this way, please. 请这边走。
Please type your letter. 请把你的信打出来。
Open the window, please. 请把窗户打开。
如果是否定祈使句,则通常将please加在don’t之前。如:
Please don’t get angry. 请不要生气。
Please don’t telephone before 8 a. m. 早8点以前请不要打电话。
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下面是读文网小编整理的一些关于while 和 as在英语中的用法,欢迎大家阅读!
1. as...as的用法 as...as意为"和……一样",表示同级的比较。使用时要注意第一个as为副词,第二个as为连词。其基本结构为:as+ adj./ adv. +as。例如: (1)This film is as interesting as that one.这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。
其否定式为not as/so +adj./ adv. +as。例如: This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think.这本字典不如你想象的那样有用。 若有修饰成分,如twice, three times, half, a quarter等,则须置于第一个as之前。例如:
Your bag is twice as expensive as mine.你的袋子比我的贵一倍。
2. as用作连词引导时间状语从句,用as时,主句和从句的动作同时发生,强调伴随具有延续的含义。例如:
(1) You will grow wiser as you grow older.你会随着年龄的增长而越来越聪明。
3. as用作连词引导原因状语从句 as一般放在句首,语气较弱,较口语化(1) Since you are so sure of it he’ll believe you.既然你对此如此有把握,他会相信你的。 As rain has fallen, the air is cooler.因为下过雨,空气比较清爽。
4. as作连词引导让步状语从句 ,as含义是"虽然,尽管",所表示的语气较强,引导的让步状语从句用倒装语序
Strange as it may seem, nobody was injured in the accident.这次意外虽然显得令人不可思议,却没有人受伤。
二、as作关系代词的用法关系代词as引导定语从句时,既可以单独使用,也可以与其他词连用,
1. as引导定语从句与其他词连用
①用于the same...as结构中
This is the same book as I read last week.这本书和我上周读的那本是一样的。
②用于such...as结构中 I don”t like such books as he recommends.我不喜欢他推荐的那些书。
③用于"so +adj. + a/an + n. (单数) + as "结构中 I am not so strong a man as I was.我已经没有从前那么强壮了。
2. as单独引导定语从句 as单独引导定语从句时,先行词可以是一个词,也可以是一个句子或短语。例如:
She is late, as is often the case.她迟到了,这是经常的事。(先行词是整个主句)
She cooks as well as her mother does.她烧菜烧得跟她母亲一样好。
(2) To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish.对事实视而不见--你们好多人都是如此的愚蠢。(先行词是不定式短语)
三、as作介词的用法as作介词,意思是"作为","以……身份"。例如:
He came to China as a tourist five years ago.他五年前以游客的身份来过中国。
四、as作副词的用法"相同地","同样地"。例如:
They don’t have as many airplanes.他们没有同样多的飞机。
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下面是小编整理的一些关于provide 的用法,希望对大家有帮助。
英语provide 的用法详解:
1. provide against... 为......作好准备;预防......。
We should try our best to provide against the return of bird flu.
我们应该尽最大努力来预防禽流感的再次发生。
2. provide for 提供生活费,养活。
He provided for his family by selling newspapers.
他靠卖报来养活他的家人。
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相信很多人在英语的学习中,语法是一个大问题吧!下面是读文网小编归纳的一些关于冠词的常见用法,希望这些冠词英语语法能帮到大家!
1.用在姓氏复数前,表示一家人。The Greens are at table.
2.用在年代、朝代名词前或用在世纪或逢10的复数年代前。(在某人50多岁时用in ones 50s)
A great many important events took place in the 1900s.
The Tang Dynasty(唐朝)
3.用在表示计量单位的名词前。 Apples are sold by the kilogram.
但如果是单位名词的总称,名词前不用冠词,如:
by weight; by time; by length
Fruit is sold by weight.
4.特指双方都明白的人或者事物。Take the medicine.
5.指上文提到过的人或者事物。He bought a house. I’ve been to the house.
6.指世界上独一无二的事物。
the sun, the Internet, the moon, 但space前没有冠词
7.与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人或者一类事物。
the rich, the wounded, the new
8.用在表示乐器的名词前,但中国乐器前没有定冠词 play the piano, play erhu
9.用在序数词、形容词最高级以及形容词only, very, same前面
She is always the first to come and the last to leave.
10.动词+sb.+介词+the +身体的某一部位
take sb. by the arm 抓住某人的手臂 hit sb. in the face打某人的脸
11.用在the more…,the more…结构中,表示“越……越……”(more指形容词的比较级)
The harder you study, the better you will learn.
12.用在发明物的单数名词前,既表示特指又表示类别。
Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
13.固定短语
on the whole, in the way, go to the theatre/cinema, to tell the truth, all over the world, in the distance, in the form of
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英语中make一词用法甚多,是使用频率最高的动词之一,而make作使役动词的用法也很常见。意思是“使成为”、“使作为”、“使变成”, make其后的复合宾语(即宾语+宾语补足语)有以下表达方式:
英语单词make用法详解
She would have made an excellent teacher. 她本可以成为杰出的教师。
That will make a good ending to the book. 那就成了这本书很好的结尾。
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下面是小编整理的一些关于until的用法详解,欢迎大家阅读!
1.可直接换用的情况:在until能使用的句型中,即主句含有否定式终止性谓语动词或肯定式延续性动词,可与before直接替换,意义差别不大。如:
①The students won't go home until / before they finish their homework.学生们要先完成作业才能回家。
②The woman worked in the factory until/before 1990. 1990年以前这妇女在这家工厂上班。
2.不可换用的情况:当主句含有肯定式终止性谓语动词时,只能用before不能用until,且before常意为"没来得及……"或"……才……"等。如:
③Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦差不多将我撞倒才看见了我。
④He had measured me before I could get in a word.我还没来得及插话,他就把我的尺寸量好了。
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下面是小编整理的一些英语常见副词用法详解,以供大家学习参考。
1、地点副词(短语)概述
下面每个句子中都包含一个表示地点的副词短语:
He stood at the center.
John moved from house to house.
They came to town.They fought outside their own country.(包含介词的短语通常都修饰动词,很少修饰形容词、副词、介词或连词。)
The bird flew a long distance.We walked miles and miles.
They are inches apart.He sat three rows behind me.(没有介词的短语,可以修饰动词、形容词、副词、连词或介词。)
1、有些地点副词原来就是副词,如:
abroad,together,apart,overhead, forward,next,last,left, home, where, here, there
2、另一些,原来是介词,当它的宾语省略掉时则成为副词:
I sat before John,and Mary sat behind(John).
Come down( the ladder).
The students stood around(someone or something).
Come in(=into my house).
He jumpd in(=into the water).
Can you swim across(this river)?
3、某些地点副词(短语)的特殊用法
下面例句说明地点副词的特殊用法,有些有引伸意义:
1)ABOUT:Don't throw the waste paper about(= here and there).
The children rushed about.
How did the quarrel come about(= happen)?They will bring about(=cause) the solution of the problem.
2)ACROSS:Things go across(=against us).She sat just across(=opposite)(美语)him.
3)ANYWHERE,(ANYPLACE—美语):I can't go anywhere.
ALONG:Move along(=on),everybody.Come along(= over)and see me.She took her dog along(=together)with her.
ALOOF:He always keeps himself aloof(=never mix with others).
APART:He always keeps himself apart(=aloof).
AROUND:He looked around.He shook hands all around.
AWAY:He looked away(=turned his eyes away).
The colour(or The sound) faded away(=into nothing).
BACK:Call the dog back inside.
BY:He stood by(=near).
He hurried by(=past).Time flew by.Let me by
He put(or set,laid) the money by(=aside for future use).
DOWN:The price went down.The heat went down(=to a lower degree).
We beat down the opposition,calmed down his feelings,put down the abuses.He closed down the firm.The revolt died down.The clock has run down.(down =to a less active condition).
I'll write(or put,set,take,get)it down(=record it).He will go down(=be recorded) in history as a great man.This practice persisted from 1950 down to 1960.He handed it down to posterity.(down = to a later period).
FAR:He did not go far.Did he go far?He went a long way(instead of far).He went as far as the north pole.I live far from(or beyond)the town.(far修饰介词)
He lives far away(or far off). Someone waited far be- low(or far above,far beyond).(far修饰后面的地点副词)
He goes too far(=goes to extremes).This money will go far(=help greatly) to better his condition.
FURTHER:He lives two miles further on.
HALFWAY:He will meet me halfway.
HERE:We want but little here below(=in this life).
Listen here(=to me).
He came over here.He lives near here.He waited up here.
Come in here.(地点副词+here)
Here is something for you.Here is(=I drink)to your success!Here comes the car!Here it comes!Here you are!(英式);或There you go!(美式)(=Here it is!)
Here goes!(=Watch,I'm ready to begin!)
Here(=At this point)he stopped a moment.Here(=In this matter)he can't do anything.
IN:Come in(=into the house).He jumped in(=into the water).I'll put in a notice(in = in the newspaper).They sent(or shut) him in.The land will be walled in.He cut in his own name.
NEAR:He lives near by(=near). He has a dictionary near at hand(=near to him).The vacation is drawing near. His fame spread far and near(=everywhere).
OFF:He set off(=started).He took off his hat.Keep your hands off(=Don't touch it).Keep off the enemy.The buttons came(or fell)off.He made(or got)off, 或took himself off(=ran away).I cannot let him off (=escape) so easily.Off with(=Take off) your hat.Off with you(=Be gone!).
Throw off(=Get rid of) reserve.He walked off his headache;slept off his fatigue.
Clear( or Pay)off(=completely) your debt. We must kill off our enemies.
He cut off(=stopped) the steam(or the gas).He switched(or turned) off the light. He broke off the engagement.He declared off the contract.He left off his work.
They bought off(=bribed) the police.
He worked off and on (=intermittently).
He put the matter off(=aside).
We started straight(or right)off(=at once).
ON:He put(or threw,tried,had,kept)his clothes on (=on his body).He had nothing on.He put his shoes on (=on his feet);girded on a sword;buckled on an armour;drew on his gloves.Shall I help you on with your coat?On with your hat!
He worked(spoke,moved) on(=continually). we have to hold(or hang,cling) on(= keep on). We talked on and on(=went on talking). Go on with(=Continue) your reading.
On with(=Begin or Continue) your work.Something is going on(= happening). How are you getting on(= making progress) with French? He is getting on(=getting along) well.He came on(= progressed) well in his studies.
He switched(or turned) on the gas(or the steam,the water,the light, the TV).
We looked on(=without participating in the matter).
Come on!(= Hurry!Stop behaving that way!)
He did it further( or later) on(=afterwards). You must be more careful from this hour on.
OUT:He slept( or dined) out(= away from home). We shall have an evening out.Out you go! Out with you!(=Be gone!)
He called(or cried) out.
We let out horses(or money).He looked(or found) out a position.He can't make out(= understand)the meaning.
He can work out(=solve) the problem.
Speak out(=loudly or freely).Tell me straight out(or right out)(= without ambiguity). She had her cry out(=cried to the full).He had his sleep out.
This fashion has gone out(= become out of date). Put(or Blow,Turn) out(= extinguish) the light. The fire has burned out.
Hear me out(=to the end).I can't hold out. He sat outthe show(=sat until the end of the show). He slept out the night. He sat out the others(=left last of all).
He knows the matter out and out(= thoroughly).
OVER: He swam over(=to the other side of the river).
He climbed over(=to the other side of the mountain).
He came over(=over some distance) from Singapore,went over to America. Take it over to John. Ask him over (= to come).
He fell over(=from an upright position). He knocked the vase over.
He turned the page over(= from one of its sides to the other). He rolled over and over.
The water in the pot boiled over(=beyond the rim).
They went over(=from their party or views) to us.
We won(or talked) them over to our views.
The house was searched over(=in all parts,thoroughly).
He looked(or counted,read, talked, thought) it over.
He is a diplomat all over.
I have to do it over(= again, from the beginning).
They built the temple(all)over(again). He read the book over and over again. I have done it three times over.I passed(or glossed, slurred)over(=ignored) his fault.I left the matter over(= aside). I let it stand over.
There are 15 dollars over(= left). He has 1000 dollars and( a bit)over(= and something).
THERE: You can go there(=to that place—重读) and back in a day. You can find it here, there(=at that place), and everywhere.
There goes the car(名词)! There it(代词) goes!
It is dangerous to climb up there.I'll go over there.
Why do you stand out there? Let's stand near(or above,below) there.(地点副词+there)
There(= At that point) he stopped a moment. You are mistaken there(= on that point).
There is a good boy(=What a good boy you are)!
There is a good chance for you (= Note what a good chance it is)!(赞扬或鼓励)
There(不重读) is someone outside. There was born a child(=A child was born). There broke out a war. I want there to be peace. There was said( or supposed) to be a fire. There is no arguing(= You cannot argue) with him.
There! There!(重读) Don't cry.(用来安慰孩子)
There!Didn't I tell you? There!You've spoiled every thing.(忿忿,不悦或满足)
THROUGH: He has got through(= passed)( the exam).
I have read it through(= from the beginning to the end). I saw the accident all through. She knows me through and through. He got through with(=finished) all the work he had to do. I see through his trick.
We must carry through the plan(=execute it successfully).
The train went through(=direct) to the city.
The scheme fell(or dropped) through(=failed).
I'll put you through to the manager(=I'll make telephone connection between you and him).
UNDER:A piece of cloth should be placed under( something in question).
He brought the rebels under(his control). He kept(or got) the fire under. He cannot keep his temper under.
UP: Lee lives four floors up. Up with you(=Get up)!
I started(or sprang) up. He looked for it up and down (=everywhere).
He went up to(or lived up in) London(to or in a place of more importance). Did he go up to Oxford( or Cam-bridge)?(和DOWN比较)
He went up to(or lived up in) Edinburgh(to or in a place in the north).
He walked up(=over, across, or around)(= to the speaker or the place in question).
We sailed up(=against the current).
They stirred up the revolt. He praised her up. I screwed up his courage.(up = to a higher or stronger degree).
He tore up the paper,locked up the door, tied up the dog,wound up the clock, sealed up the letter. The pond had dried up. The fire has burned up.(up有“彻底”的意思,有时在口语中几乎没有意思。)
The products do not come up to(=attain) the standard.
He lives(or acts) up to(=in accordance with) the principle(or his promise). His fortune amounts(or comes) up to(=totals) a million pounds.
WEST: They sailed west.This village lies west(=to the west) of the capital. He went west(=died).
WESTWARD(S): He went westward(s).
图解:
{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6305T1.bmp}
c.方式副词(短语)
1)概说
1657 大多数方式副词都是形容词后加词尾-ly构成:
quickly carefully traditionally
faithfully luckily internationally
但有些以-ly结尾的词是由名词加词尾构成,是形容词:
queenly soldierly friendly
beggarly worldly heavenly
cowardly scholarly miserly
这样的词不是副词,因此不能说 She walked queenly.而要说She walked in a queenly manner.不能说 He treats me friend-ly.而要说 He treats me in a friendly way.但是以-ly结尾的形容词有时直接用作副词,而不再加-ly,以避免不协调的声音:
We have acted manly(不要说 manlily) in these circumstances.
He died untimely(不要说 untimelily).
The army retreated orderly.
1658 有少数表示方式的副词性短语可以用方式副词代替:
He treats John with kindness(= kindly).
He speaks Japanese with fluency(=fluently).
I can do it with ease(=easily).
They marched off in triumph(= triumphantly).
He has told you in private(=privately).
By good luck(= Luckily) I find the thing I lost.
He sent the letter by mistake (=mistakenly).
He deceived me on purpose(= purposely).
He screamed like a fool(=foolishly).
但多数这类短语不能用副词代替:
He comes of a rich family.
He failed because of his negligence.
It is made by John.
He was killed with a stone.
It is made of iron.
He is starved to death.
We wished for peace.
He went out in spite of the rain.
Plants will die without water.
1659 表示方式的短语相当大一批是由介词引起的,如1658中所给的例子。另一大批为地点副词,亦称副词性小品词,常可用在动词成语中,表示方式而不是表示地点。有些地点副词跟在不及物动词后(参阅1346)。
He drew up(=stopped) before a store.
Hold on(= Wait) a second, please.
The machine broke down(=didn't work properly).
Things work out(=develop) badly.
He didn't show up(= appear).
The couple split up(=ended their relationship) just an hour after their wedding.
He turned in(= went to bed) at eleven.
Speak up(=speak in a loud voice).
有些则跟在及物动词后面:
We put on(=presented) a show.
He turned down(=refused) my application.
Don't hold up(=delay) the traffic.
You made up(=invented) the story.
I'll take on(=undertake) the task.
We have to put off(=postpone) the trip.#p#副标题#e#
还有一些跟在不及物动词后,后面再跟一个介词:
She came around to(=agreed to) my views.
She went in for(=got interested in)photography.
I have to fall back upon(= depend upon) his support.
We stand up for(= support) his policy.
Can you catch up with(=overtake) your class?
2)带-ly词尾的单音节副词及不带-ly词尾的单音节副词
a)带-ly词尾的副词和不带-ly词尾的副词可以有相同的意思
1660 特别值得注意的是一些单音节形容词,可以有两个副词形式,一个带词尾-ly,一个不带-ly。这类副词,有些两种形式意思相同,但用法不同。带-ly的副词可以用在所修饰的动词前面或后面,而不带-ly的副词通常紧跟在一个特定的单音节动词后,与这个动词构成一种习用语:
CHEAP(LY):We must buy cheap(= buy at a low price)and sell dear. It costs cheap.
Victory cannot be bought cheaply (=with little loss).
He got off cheaply(引伸用法).
可和DEAR(LY)比较。
CLOSE(LY):He held(or clasped,hug, shut)it close(ly).
DEAR(LY): He wants to sell dear, but does not want to pay dear. It costs dear.
He loves her dearly. He pays dearly(= suffers) for his folly.
DEEP(LY):He drank deep(= drank to excess). Still waters run deep. It was buried deep.
I felt his death deeply.I deeply regret it. He is deeply interested.
FAIR(LY): He played fair(or fairly)(= acted justly).
We fought fair(= fought honestly). Copy it out fair(=clearly).
We deal fairly with him. We act fairly by all men.
FALSE(LY): He played(someone)false(=cheated some-one).
They falsely accused him.
FINE(LY):It suits me fine. We are doing fine.
It is finely down. He is finely dressed.
FIRM(LY): He stood(or held) firm(=stuck to his opinion).
He firmly believes it. He fixed it firmly.
FIRST(LY): He came first(=before all the others).
He first saw her in 1969.
First(ly), we should be kind to people.Secondly,…
FOUL(LY):He played foul(= acted unjustly). The ship fell foul of(= ran against) the rocks.
They murdered him foully.
FULL(Y):I know it full(=completely)well.
It has not been fully understood. I cannot satisfy him fully.(fully为程度副词而不是方式副词)
HIGH(LY):He lived high(= lived luxuriously), paid high (=paid a high price), played high(=played for large stakes),aimed or flew high(= was ambitious). The bird flew high.
They spoke(or thought) highly of(= praised or respected) him. He is highly paid.
LAST(LY):He arrived last(= after all the others).I last (=for the last time) saw her in 1969.
Lastly,I will phone to you in case of need.
可和FIRST(LY)比较。
LOOSE(LY):The dog broke(or got) loose(=escaped). He played fast and loose(= acted recklessly and inconstantly).
The bolt work loose(or free)(= became loose).
He used this word very loosely.
LOW(LY): He buys low and sells high.He lived(or paid,played,aimed, flew) low. He bowed(or lay) low.
He sang(or spoke) low. The supply ran low(=became diminished).
He spoke lowly(=humbly).
He bowed lowly(=humbly).
可和HIGH(LY)比较。#p#副标题#e#
NEW(LY):It is a new-built hotel.A new-made dress was on display.A new-coined word is sometimes very attractive.
It is a newly built hotel.They are a newly married couple.
PLAIN(LY):Write plain and speak plain.
I told him plainly.
QUICK(LY):He got rich quick.He ran( or went,walked)quick(ly).
He quickly ran to the opposite side.
可和SLOW(LY)比较。
RIGHT(LY):Please turn right.He judged(or guessed,remembered) right.No matter whether you act right or wrong,you will suffer.
He is rightly accused.You rightly suppose that.I cannot rightly recollect.
可和WRONG(LY)比较。
SLOW(LY):Go slow(=Work slowly,Be less active).How slow(ly) they did it!We drive slow(ly).
Let us drive slowly.We slowly spoke to that deaf boy.
可和QUICK(LY)比较。
SOUND(LY):He slept sound(ly).
STRONG(LY):He is going strong(=continues to be vigourous).
He(or That)is coming( or going)it rather( or too)strong(=makes an extravagant proposal or claim).
He strongly supports our plan.He smelled strongly of alcohol.
SURE(LY):Sure enough, he will do what he's promised.
He will surely come.(但 surely为一个肯定副词)
THICK(LY):Snow fell thick. The blows came thick and fast.
The hill is thickly wooded.
TIGHT(LY):He held(or clasped,hug,shut) it tight(or tightly).
可和LOOSE(LY)比较。
TRUE(or TRULY):He aimed true(= aimed correctly).
He told me true(= told me the truth).This animal will breed true(=breed in accordance with the parental type).He spoke truly.
可和FALSE(LY)比较。
WRONG(LY):He aimed(or heard,spelled the word,told me)wrong.He got it wrong(= miscalculated). It worked out wrong.Something has gone wrong.
They are wrongly accused(or informed,directed).
可和RIGHT(LY)比较。
b)带-ly词尾的副词和不带-ly词尾的副词可有不同的意思
1661 有些副词,两种形式的意思互不相同:
DIRECT(LY):Speak to him direct(=not in a round-about way).I went to Hong Kong direct.I sent it direct to him.I got it from him direct.(亦可用 directly)
Come here directly(= at once). I will be back directly (= very soon).My family is directly affected.There has been a directly opposed tendency.
EASY(EASILY):Take things easy(= Be in no hurry).Go easy.Easy come,easy go.I can do it easily(= with no difficulty).The machine runs easily(= smoothly).
FIT(LY):She laughed fit(= till she was ready) to die.
She can sing sorrowful songs fit to make you cry.
The matter has not been fitly handled.
FLAT(LY):The play fell flat(=produced no response).
He lay flat on his face.She sang flat(= sang below the true pitch).He denied it flatly (=down right).
FREE(LY):I got it free(of charge).I was admitted free.
You can criticize anybody freely.
HARD(LY):He works hard(= strenuously). He drinks hard(=excessively).It rained hard.He hardly(=scarcely) knows it.
LATE(LY):He arrived late(= beyond the right time).He goes to bed late.He was ill lately(=recently).
LOUD(LY):Don't talk(or laugh) so loud.
He boasted( or praised her) loudly(引伸用法).She is very loudly dressed.
MOST(LY):Mary is the most(= in the greatest degree)beautiful.I love Mary most.They are mostly(=chiefly)nice people,though not all of them are.
NEAR(LY):He came near(= approaching something).
He nearly(=almost) died.It is nearly finished.
PREVIOUS(LY):It happened previous to(= before) his ar-rival.
He has said it previously.
ROUND(LY):We turned(or looked)round.
I told him roundly(=flatly).
SHARP(LY):Look sharp(=Be alert).My car turned sharp.
He answered me sharply(= seriously).
SHORT(LY):He stopped short(=suddenly stopped).Weran(or went)short of(= lacked) capital.The result came short of(= failed to meet)the requirements.
I'll be back shortly(=soon).He answered me shortly(=briefly).
SHY(LY):I fought shy of(= kept away from) her.
She shyly(=bashfully) mentioned her lover.
SOUND(LY):He is sound(= thoroughly)asleep.
He slept soundly.He is soundly beaten.
WIDE(LY):He spoke wide of the mark(= incorrectly).
The islands are widely scattered.He travelled widely.
They differ widely.
c)带-ly词尾的副词表示方式,不带-ly的副词表示程度
1662 另一些带副词,不带-ly的形式,用来表示程度,修饰形容词、副词、连词、介词或后面的动词;而另一种形式表示方式,修饰它前面或后面的动词:
CLEAN(LY):All he has is clean(= completely) gone. I have clean forgot it.He is cleanly dressed.
CLEAR(LY):The bullet went clear(= entirely)through his leg. The robbers have escaped clear away.
He speaks clearly.
CLOSE(LY):He followed close(= a short distance)behind me.She brought him close to ruin.A church is close by.
He watched her closely(=strictly).Guard him closely.
DEAD(LY):It is dead(= completely) straight.He is dead drunk(or tired,certain,slow,against me).
He is deadly(= dangerously) wounded.She is deadly pale.
DEEP(LY):He studies deep(= far)into the night.
I regret it deeply(= bitterly).
JOLLY(or JOLLILY):He knows you jolly(= very) well.
He laughed jollily.
JUST(LY):He left just now.Just read this.
He is justly(= rightly) punished.He justly criticized this policy.
MOST(LY):She loves her mother most of all.
They mostly(=chiefly) come from the north.
PRETTY( or PRETTILY):It is pretty(= moderately)good.
She is prettily dressed.
RIGHT(LY):He dashed right(=all the way)to the end of the street.They turned right round.He has read right(=completely)through the book.He stood right(=exactly)in the middle.
I understand her rightly(= correctly).If I heard you rightly,I don't have to pay him.If I remember rightly,they got married in 1985.
WIDE(LY):The gate is wide open.These two parties are wide apart in their views.He is wide awake.
He travelled widely.
图解:
{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6314T1.bmp}
{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6315T1.bmp}
d.程度副词(短语)
1663 下面例句中的副词(短语)表示不同的程度。程度副词(短语)用来修饰形容词的最多,但也常用来修饰动词:
接近零程度— He can not see.He hardly(or scarcely)knows it. I little expect it.He is by no(manner of)means respected by his friends.You should on no account trust this man.I'll not for the world(or for anything)(=never) speak against anyone.I don't care a fig(or a jot,a bean,a bit, a rap,a damn,a pin)(= do not feel sorry)for his criticism.He is not a bit(or a jot,a whit,a hair,a tit,a rush,a button)injured.I cannot in any way tell you all the truth.He is not in the least(or not at all)happy.I simply(or just)can't help.“Will he give up?” “—The devil(or The heck,The deuce)he will”(=He won't).“Is he honest?”“Like hell(or Like fun)he is (= He never is)”.“ He is so kind.”—“ Kind my foot( or my eye)!”(= Very unkind)
较小程度—He writes a little.I was somewhat(or slightly,a bit)disappointed.It helps some(=a little).
某种程度— This matter depends more or less(or in a way,to a certain degree) on your decision. It sort of(or kind of)(= somehow)amazes me.It is partly broken.I half believe in ghosts.
较大程度— He is deeply(or greatly,highly,not a little,very much,more than) impressed.The villagers were mainly killed by the war.Success depends considerably(or in a great degree,to a great extent)on your patience.
I need it badly(or sorely).It helps a lot(or a great deal).The car runs nice and(= very)fast.He works good and(=very) hard.
极大程度— The town is entirely(or totally,completely,utterly) destroyed.He fully(or thoroughly,quite)understands her.I fairly(or clean) forget about it.
Her heart is broken through and through.You can omit it altogether.
渐渐— The people speak less and less but think more and more. I moved gradually(or bit by bit, step by step,little by little)toward my object.
仅仅— He only(or merely) reads,but never writes.
I just(or simply) asked her about her cat.It is sold exclusively(or solely) at this firm.
足够— Has the fish been cooked enough?
Could money be sufficiently earned?
几乎— He nearly lost his job.He almost forgets his own face. He all but died.
过份— He drinks to excess.He worried himself too much.
Don't believe excessively in fate.
图解:
{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6317T1.bmp}
e.肯定副词(短语)
1664 肯定或不肯定副词(短语)常常用来修饰整个句子,或用在简短回答中。
肯定副词(短语):
Surely(or Sure) he knows it!Surely he knows it?
Really(or Truly)he knows it.
Undeniably(or Doubtlessly) Rex has been a drug pedlar many years.
Clearly(or Obviously),Harold was killed by his only opponent.
“Do you want your children to obey your order?”“Definitely.”
You should by all means(= certainly) follow the rules.
“May I go now?”“By all means(= Certainly).”
True(or Indeed) she loves him,but she keeps silent.
Sure enough(or To be sure,No doubt.Without doubt.Undoubtedly,Of course,Naturally)he knows it.
In fact(or In point of fact.As a matter of fact.As it is,As the matter is,In truth,In reality)(=not in name,word,appearance,or imagination),he is a big shot,a demagogue,not only in name.
I can't tell you for sure(or for certain).
He has become an alcoholic,all right(or and no mistake).
不肯定副词(短语):
“Can he possibly know it?”“He may possibly know it.”
Perhaps(or Probably,Maybe) he is not happy.
Did you,perhaps,see John?
He generally,but not necessarily,comes at eight.
I dare say(or Presumably),he won't agree with you.
In all likelihood(or As likely as not)(= most probably),he will lose all his fortune.#p#副标题#e#
3.副词(短语)的位置
a.有关7类副词(短语)位置的特别规律
1665 当副词(短语)修饰动词以外的其他词时,它的位置很容易确定。但在修饰动词时,其位置却不易确定,它可以放在主语前面、助动词前面、主要动词前面、及物动词宾语的前面、补语前面、动词后面、宾语后面或补语后面。在一个特定的句子中,只有一个或两个这类位置,从语法或修辞角度上考虑是最好的。例如在
—John—will—lend—me—his bicycle—. 中,tomorrow只适宜放在一二个位置上,而不是很多位置上。
下面所给“规律”只是一些建议,因为特定的副词(短语)有特殊的习惯用法,宜于放在某个特定的位置,有些还会随着作者的特殊意图有特殊的位置。
1666 为了决定副词(短语)的位置,我们把它们分作7类,而不是5类:
1)地点副词(短语):there,forward,ashore;in Japan,at the station,on high
2)时间副词(短语):yesterday,ago,yet;on Sunday,this evening,for five days,from 1950 till 1960,since last Januray
3)频度副词(短语):often,rarely;from time to time
4)肯定副词(短语):surely, definitely,probably;no doubt
5)程度副词(短语):greatly,partially;beyond measure,to some degree
6)方式副词(短语):slowly,sadly;at a low price,in jest
7)疑问副词(短语): where?why?how?when?for what reason?in which room?
图解:
{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6319T1.bmp}
不管tomorrow在句中位置如何,它在图解中的位置不变。
1)地点副词(短语)
1667 地点副词(短语)可以:
a)放在主语前面。能用在这个位置的副词很少,但可用在这个位置的副词短语却很多:
Outside,the wind is blowing. Here I stop.Upstairs they are gambling.
In Japan everybody works hard.From behind a voice said,“good morning”.To the west lay a large villa.
Into the city I've never driven this car.(这是错句,否定谓语不能放在表示方向的状语后面,而应放在前面,应当说:I've never driven this car into the city.)
为了强调可以放在主语前面的副词有:off,up,away,over, down,out, in,back,round, on, above,along,about, below,inside,outside
Off went John. Off John went.Off he(代词) went.(但不可说Off went he.)
Down fell the vase. Away he ran.Round and round flew the bird.
Up you jump! In you go!
Up with the King!Down with Fascism!Off with his head!Away with you!
可以放在不及物动词及主语前面。用在这个位置的副词为there,here,还有一些表示地点的短语,后面跟有以下不及物动词:be,come, go,follow,stand,sit,lie,remain,live, enter, appear, happen, arise, take place,然后跟有一个可能较长的表示人或物的主语:
There is a haunted house. There is a haunted house there (or here).(第一个 there没有特别意义,第二个there 或here表示地点。)
There entered on old man who was over eighty years old but looked very healthy and strong.(较长主语)
Here stands a hero of our country. Here comes the car!
Here lies my paradise.There goes Jane!(但不能说There goes she!)
At the end of the wood( there) lies a cottage.All around the hut(there) grew many beautiful flowers.In the centre of the hall(there) stood a round table.Far out at sea(there)came a fishing-boat.
b)放在主要动词前时极少。
c)放在及物动词后,放在宾语之前或之后。可放在这个位置的副词为a)中所列off,up,away等词。如果宾语较长并受到强调,副词要放在它前面,如果宾语为代词,副词则必须放在它后面:
He put on his coat. He put his coat on.
I picked up the book.I picked the book up.
She gave away her money.She gave it away.(不可说She gave away it.)
He poured me out some tea.(不可说 some tea out)
She sent him off a gift(不可说 a gift off)
(句中有一间接宾语)
She took out “the eggs,butter, cakes and other things.”
He picked up“the money he had thrown away when he had been angry”.
He will bring back to me“the radio-set he borrowed last week”.
(副词必须放在较长的宾语前面)
Drink your wine up.Switch the light on.Put the cigar out.
Take everything down.Take your hat off.(在祈使句中这类副词常放在句末)
I put down(= wrote down) his name. He took over(=assumed control of)the business.We saw through(=were not deceived by) his trick.
We carried the project through(=We completed it successfully,put it into practice).He laughed the criticism away(=He ignored it).
(“及物动词+地点副词”常常构成成语,并不表示位置。这种成语有时也可分开,如最后两句的情况。)
如果一个表示地点的副词(短语)和一个表示方向的副词(短语)一起用在一个谓语后面,表示方向的副词(短语)应放在表示地点的副词(短语)前面,它们之间不用and,or这类连词:
We drove from west to east in the city(但不可说We drove in the city from west to east.也不可说 from west to east and in the city)
如果谓语后跟有两个表示地点的副词(短语),表示较大地点的副词(短语)要放在表示较小地点的副词(短语)后面,如果要把其中一个放在主语前面,应将表示较大地点的副词(短语)提前:
They can kiss on the street in the U.S.(但不可说 in the U.S.on the street)
In the U.S.they can kiss on the street.(但不可说Onthe street they can kiss in the U.S.)
如果有几个表示方向的副词(短语),则可按事物发生的顺序安排:
From Eighth Street we proceeded past the Grand Hotel to the park,and then turn to the west.
如果副词(短语)表示宾语(而不是主语)的位置,它们应放在宾语后面:
I keep the tools on the rack.
We arranged a picnic in Mary's backyard.
I like a vacation by the seaside.
Everybody expects a revolt from all directions.
This fine climate attracts us to this country.
d)放在谓语后面时最多(即放在不及物动词、补语、或及物动词的宾语后面):
He went out.Come this way.The train arrived at my town.
He climbed to the top of the tree.
He feels lonely in a foreign country.The stars look small at a great distance.
Hang your coat over there.I met him downtown.
图解:
{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6323T1.bmp}
2)时刻或时段的副词(短语)
1668 表示某个时刻或某段时间的副词(短语)可以:
a)放在主语前面。可用在这个位置的副词及短语有:
yesterday,tomorrow,today,now,once,originally,first,recently,soon,immediately;one morning,just then,three days ago,later on,sooner or later,until then,so far,just now,all at once,during the summer,from 1970 to 1983,since May,since when?until when?how long ago?…,还有由in,at,on,between,by,during,about,before,after,(for),from…to(or till),since,till or until等介词引起的短语:
Recently we have been working hard.Soon he arrived at the station.That morning he received his first lesson.
Ten years ago I invested very much capital in business.For three nights she did not sleep.From 1975 to 1979 he and I studied physics.Since a week ago,I have been sick.
不及物动词有时可放在时间副词(短语)和主语之间,更多的强调主语或引出主语(可参阅1667 a)):
Now came John and many others.First came Lilian.Next came another problem.Then followed an excited dialogue.
During the summer there broke out a great accident.
In the previous week there spread a rumour about his remarriage.
下面的副词(短语)常常用在主语前面起从属连词的作用:
directly,immediately,once,now(原来都是副词),the moment,the instant,the years,the spring,every time,all the time,the few minutes(原来是名词加修饰语):
It rained directly(or immediately)(= as soon as) he left home. Once you see him,you will never forget him.
Now you mention it,I do remember.Any time you come,you are welcome.The few minutes he ate,he had ten telephone calls.All the time he talked,I kept silent.
b)用在助动词前。能这样用的副词及短语除a)中第一段所列副词外,还有last,already,yet,before,shortly,just,still,eventually;for a moment,as before这类副词或短语:
He will soon come here.He would some day understand me.
I was yesterday morning walking along the street.He was soon after caught by the policemen.He was some time before put into prison.He has long(since) been a dead man.I have long admired his works.He has recently (or lately)seen her.#p#副标题#e#
c)间或用在主要动词(或助动词)前面:
He at one time told me the same thing you are telling me.
We formerly did it,but we nowadays forget the custom.I temporarily,but not permanently,love her.
He recently has behaved better than he formerly did.
Peter,a long time ago,had vanguished the giant.He already has seen it.She so far(or this far)hasn't spoken with me.
d)大多数都放在谓语后面。用在这个位置的有a)第一段所列的副词及early,late,already,yet,shortly,briefly,awhile,long这类词。能这样用的短语很多,包括a)中提到的介词短语。
表示某一时刻(时)的副词(短语):
He came yesterday.He left at the last act.They divided the property on the death of their father.I came(or will come)on Sunday(=last or next Sunday).
He came(or will come) on a(or the) Sunday(= another Sunday than last or next).He expressed surprise at see-ing me.I felt envy on hearing the news.
表示某段时间的副词(短语):
I have slept(for)hours.He studies English(for)three years.He has been here many months. He has learned medicine since 1950.He lived here from 1950 till 1958.It exists to this day.I have opposed it all along.I'll live here forever ofter.He died here during the war.He visited many places in the course of(= during)the summer (or the trip).He lived in this village all his life and never left it a day.
图解:
{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6326T1.bmp}
注意从属连词directly的图解法。
3)频度副词(短语)
1669 频度副词(短语)可以:
a)用在主语前,表示强调或对比。用在这个位置的词有never,seldom,rarely,occasionally,sometimes,often,repeatedly;once a week,four times,from time to time,again and again,now and then,as a rule:
Sometimes he smokes.Usually he came by himself.
Occasionally he called on me.Never have I been there.
b)间或用在助动词前(用在简短评语、回答及反驳中,这时助动词受到强调):
“They can find time for amusements.”“They always can.”You have learned Japanese,but I never have learned any foreign language.“I have to cook my own break-fast.”—“But I seldom need do so.”
c)在大多数情况下用在主要动词前面,用于这个位置的大多为单个副词,如:
always,permanently,perpetually,continually,continuously,incessantly(这类表示“不断”的副词不能用在否定词前,不能说 He will always not like it,而要说He will never like it.)
Generally,usually,ordinarily,commonly,normally,habitually,customarily,regularly;ftoen,frequently,repeatedly(这类表示高频度的副词可以用在否定结构后,表示“很少”,如:I don't usually(= rarely)take breakfast.)
Sometimes,periodically,occasionaly(表示中等频度的副词)
Rarely,seldom,hardly(ever),scarcely(ever),bare-ly,little,infrequently,unusually,uncommonly(表示低频度的副词)
Never,not,not ever(否定副词)
例句:
He can hardly see me,because he is shortsighted.She has always smoked.He often goes to the library.He never tells lies.I don't usually(=rarely) go to the theatre.
短语用在这个位置时不多:
His family has,time after time,got into trouble.
He would,as a rule,get up at six.
d)上面提到的副词通常放在be后面,但be受到强调时可以放在它前面:
He always is a fool.He never is wise.He seldom is.
They never are.It hardly is.
e)放在谓语后面。可用在这个位置的副词有continually,often, frequently,repeatedly,occasionally;hourly,daily,monthly;once,twice,again:
I have said it repeatedly to him.He called on me occasion-ally.
I take a walk twice daily(不能说 daily twice).
I learn kungfu three times weekly(or a week).
常用在这个位置的短语有:
every four days,each summer,on alternate days as a rule,as usual,most often,often enough,in general,in quick succession
many times,not infrequently,again and again,time after time,time and(time)again
once in a while,once and again,now and again,every now and then,at(odd)times,from time to time,off and on,on several occasions
例句:
This morning we went to work as usual.
I read the poem again and again.
I practise Karate off and on.
I go to the movies once in a long while.
He came daily.He saw her very often.
He did it once in a while.He studies French at odd times.
He taught me four times a week.I learn music every three days
f)c)中所给副词有些可用在谓语后表示强调或作为以后补加的意思:
She went to the pictures sometimes.
He loves her always.
图解:
{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6329T1.bmp}
4)肯定副词(短语)
1670 表示肯定或不肯定的副词可以:
a)用在主语前面。用在这个位置的副词或短语可以看作是整个句子的修饰语,它们是truly,indeed,really,actually,eventually,surely,obviously,assuredly,undoubtedly,certainly,evidently,apparently,clearly,admittedly,naturally,probably,presumably,perhaps,maybe,possibly,very likely,in truth,in fact,no doubt,of course, as a matter of fact,sure enough,oddly enough,strange enough,rightly or wrongly:
Certainly he can do anything so long as it's profitable.
Surely he divorced her!
In fact,he knows nothing.
b)用作句子的简化形式。这样的副词或短语有yes,certainly,quite,absolutely,decidedly,naturaly,evidently,obviously,precisely,surely,sure(Am.),willingly,with pleasure,very well,of course,no,never
“Do you know it?”“Yes.”
“Is he a fool?”“Absolutely.”
“Do you love her?”“Of course.”
c)间或用在助动词前(用在简短评语、回答及反驳中,这时助动词受到强调):
He certainly(or surely,probably,possibly)can.He surely has. He simply can't.You surely are.You simply must give up.
d)在多数情况下用在主要动词前面或助动词后面。能这样用的有a)中所列副词或短语,在用作整句修饰语时,前后常加逗号:
He really understand himself?John probably loves her.
My father of course knows you.(用在主要动词前)
He will actually do what he has threatened to.I have.as a matter of fact,done all I can.He has,at any rate,confessed his fault.(用在助动词后面)
比较:I do not really know(= I know very little).I really do not know(=I know nothing).
e)用在谓语后时很少,除非是表示强调,或作为后来想起的话:
They will get married,perhaps.
John has done something silly—no doubt.
You didn't complain to her,Surely(= I believe or hope).
图解:
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注:句子修饰语in fact的图解法。
5)程度副词(短语)
1671 程度副词(短语):
a)用在主语或助动词前时很少。
b)常常用在主要动词前面。能这样用的副词及短语有:
almost,nearly,entirely,thoroughly,perfectly,vaguely,slightly,strongly,little,in all likelihood,as much as,not so much as,as good as,sort of,at any rate,at least:
I almost cried.He quite agrees with me.He wholly for- got that.He half smiled and half cried.He rather hates it.I hardly think so.I scarcely understand it.
He has fully understood her. They will,on the whole, agree to my proposal. The business will,in the fullest degree(or in some measure),depend upon the political situation.(用在助动词后面)
He does not see it.(not必须放在助动词及主要动词之间)
Can't he go?(问句)
Don't talk too much.(禁止)
但not放在being及having前面:
Not being able to go,I stayed at home with Mother.
Not having finished my work, I can't leave.
此外,有时有另一副词(短语)可放在not和主要动词之间:
He does not entirely believe me.
c)常常放在谓语后面:
I like it very much.They need a house badly.I depend upon him fully for advice.I respect him highly(or greatly).He needs money terribly(or awfully, dreadfully).He suffered to such a degree.I love Mary best of all.I know it quite well.He loved her to a ridiculous extent.
I don't care(or care not)a jot(or a button, a bit, a whit,a morsel,a fig,a damn)abut it. I don't mind(or value) it a rush(or a rotten nut).He blamed me no end.She laughed no end.I love my mother a whole big balloon. He thought world of his sweetheart.This accident speaks volumes for the danger of a drunk- en driver.(用作程度副词的名词或名词短语必须放在谓语或动词后面)
图解:
{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6332T1.bmp}
6)方式副词(短语)
1672 方式副词(短语)可以:
a)放在主语前用来加强语气。可这样用的副词及短语不计其数:
Suddenly the door opened.Slowly he walked down the street.Slowly and impressively he rose from the seat. In a low voice he spoke.With one blow of his are he cut it off.One by one they came out. To his great de- light he saw his home again.Slowly,but with courage, did he accomplish it.All at once did we start.
Bang goes the door Whizz goes the arrow.Snap went the rope.Crash went the glass.Thud went the bag of rice.Crack came the bottle.Pop come the accident. Crash went the disaster of the family.(表示声音的副词常放在动词go或come前面)
如果主语前有well,so, to such straits这样的副词(短语),它们和主语之间应有一个助动词:
Well can we say that.Well may he do anything he likes.
He has started and so must all of us.If he can go, so can we.
I like art and specially do I like music.
To such straits was I reduced!To such lengths did he go that nobody wanted to talk with him.To such a point (or a degree) will the war go on that all will be destroyed.#p#副标题#e#
副词前若有how与它构成感叹句,则副词必须放在主语前面:
How beautifully she sings!How quickly he runs!
下面这些副词称为连接副词,通常放在主语前,可以看作一种并列连词:besides, also, then, likewise, moreover, again,in addition,nap,what is more;only,still,all the same,however,nevertheless,and yet,howbeit,con versely,on the contrary,on the other hand;therefore, hence,so,thus,consequently,accordingly,then,in consequence,as a result;otherwise, else(可参阅 1668a)):
It may sound strange;however,it is true.He always wears a red shirt;hence he is so nicknamed. He is poor; besides,he has a large family.Now he cried;then he laughed.He liked gambling;as a result he became a good- for-nothing.
下面这些词,特别是放在主语前面时,修饰整个句子:fortunately,luckily,unluckily(for him),happily, tragically;clearly,indisputable;essentially,characteristically;similarly;incidently,inevitably,naturally, normally;curiously,interestingly,miraculously,ironically,surprisingly,unexpectedly;personally,honestly, frankly;geographically,militarily,politically,culturally;namely;firstly,finally,lastly;as for me,as to your proposal;by the way;for instance,for example; first of all,in the first place;to my thinking;at any rate,in any case,in short, in brief, in fine,in conclusion,in a word,in one word,in other words; in plain English,in plain words;oddly enough.
Interestingly,the eye is like a camera. Hands manipulate tools;more important,they create civilization.Unfortunately he dies of tuberculosis.Personally,I do not like his manner of speaking.Geographically,Laos is a small country.As for my school,English is the main subject.In a word,this is not an easy job.
b)用在主要动词前或助动词后。a)中所列连接副词及修饰整个句子的副词及短语可用在口语中,前后有停顿,在书面语中前后有逗号,当这种副词及短语较不重要时,可用于这个位置:
My brother,besides,knows five languages.Most people, naturally,like peace.Japan and China,historically, belong to the same group.John and Mary,likewise, can help us.This,however,will simplify matters.
This will,however,simplify matters.They must,accordingly,inspect the spot of the murder.Most people will,of course,see through his trick.Many passengers have,luckily,been saved.
可用在主要动词前或助动词后,特别是认为这个主要动词比副词(短语)更重要,或是后面跟有一个较长的修饰语或宾语时。这种副词很多,如 bravely,quietly,凡所有以-ly结尾的副词都可以这样用,这种短语也很多:
He ardently desired it.He deeply regretted his past.
He slowly walked down the street with his son.He promptly answered the letter.He has anxiously inquired for his brother,who suddenly disappeared years ago.
The clown,with no warning,jumped from behind the sofa.John,like every other child,is fond of sweets and fruit.The woman,with tears in her eyes,left her husband.(这种短语前后都要加逗号)
He had,by mistake,thrown it away.It may,for convenience,be left here.Any boy can,under a suit- able condition, grow into a great man. He has,in a fit of anger,killed a steadfast and trusted friend.
c)在多数情况下都用在谓语后面。大多数方式副词及短语都可以或必须放在这个位置:
He spoke naturally(= unaffectedly). [Cf.Naturally (=Of course)he knows.]He looked in curiously.He looked at the boy smilingly.He ran away fearfully.
The work has been done carefully(or,has been carefully done).Please hold it tightly.
They revolted against the unjust measure.You can do it at your pleasure.He sold it for seven dollars.He distributed the property among his sons.He would have gone out but for rain.The engine goes by steam.We drank liquor by the gallon.Prepare for the worst.He translates the article word by word.We started for Hong Kong.We cannot refrain from tears.He was taken aback on being told about this.
He stood there,hat in hand(or cigar in mouth, gun on shoulder). He came home with face clouded( or with smiling face,with beating heart,with bent head).(这种短语中的名词前不加冠词)
He looked my way.He travelled third-class.(用名词作状语)
It costs ten dollars, weighs 30 kilograms.I bought it (for)five dollars,(at)five dollars a pound.(表示数量的名词可以用作状语)
His heart went thump.The door went bang.The house fell crash down.She hit him smack in the face.(可和a)类句子比较)
d)下面例句表明了一类方式副词(短语)的用法及位置,这类副词(短语)表示说话人的评语,修饰整个句子:
Dennis suffered,very unjustly,for a fault not his own.
They rose in revolt,ungratefully, against their leader.
He remained,wisely,single until thirty.
图解:
{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6337T1.bmp}
7)疑问副词(短语)
1673 疑问副词(短语)必须用在助动词及主语前面:
When do you start?How can you do it? Where does your brother study English?Why should they resign?
In what way did he get it?For what reason could he speak ill of me?In which paper did you read the news? Of whom are you thinking(口语中多说 Who are you thinking of)?What time did you come?
图解:
{ewc MVIMAGE,MVIMAGE, !4F6338T1.bmp}
b.关于副词(短语)位置的19条一般规则
1674 1)除了on,away,up,down这样的地点副词,没有其他副词(短语)可以放在及物动词及其宾语之间。下面例句中的副词(短语)都放在错误位置,应当放到宾语后面去:
He speaks fluently English.He likes very much my suggestion.He understands very clearly your viewpoint.He reviews again and again his lessons.
但如果a)宾语比副词(短语)长得多,b)宾语被认为比较重要,或c)宾语是一个从句,则这个副词(短语)必须放宾语、动词或主语的前面:
a) He brought to school so many books,pictures, magazines etc.I copied from him the lecture notes concerning the structure of the atom. Please return before Sunday all the books you have borrowed from the library.He put into execution the plan he made years ago.She took to heart what I had told him.(放在宾语前,主要动词后面)
We have,with great difficulty,defended this village of our fathers and sons.The enemy has many times at- tacked the people inhabiting this area.(放在主要动词前面)
Here they study chemistry,physics,biology and mathematics.With incredible speed,he conquered all his opponents who had looked down upon him.(放在主语前面)
b) He received from his friends many precious gifts.He emphasized from time to time the importance of love and duty. John is reading very carefully a letter from his wife.
c)After a moment I said that I could do nothing for her.I asked out of curiosity with which boy she dined yesterday evening.
1675 2)肯定、程度及频度副词绝大多数放在主要动词前或助动词后:
He certainly loves his parents.
He will probably come tomorrow.
I very well know the value of his assistance.
He little understands what he himself says.
He seldom goes to the movies.
John has sometimes written to Mary.
I shall always remember what you have done for me.
1676 3)如果动词为be,则副词(短语)通常都放在be和补语之间:
He is,no doubt,a good doctor.
The amount is,in all probability,the same as before.
He is,to some extent(or in a way), a famous musician.
He is rarely sick.
He is always late.#p#副标题#e#
副词(短语)也可用在被动结构中,位置在be和过去分词之间:
It will be altogether forgotten.The workers were fully employed.It is earnestly hoped that… The war is need- lessly prolonged.
1677 4)如果有几类副词(短语)一起用,它们的顺序可安排如下:
肯定 地点 方式 频度 时间
He probably went to Japan by air twice in 1962.
We met there unexpectedly last Monday.
He's certainly gone abroad with his wife recently.
I studied in London under Mr.A for a year.
1678 5)如果有两个时间状语,表示较小单位时间的状语宜放在较大单位时间的前面:
I will meet you at three o'clock tomorrow.I saw the film on Tuesday evening last week.
如果较大单位时间比较重要,或较小单位时间是后来想起的,则其顺序也可以颠倒:
I arrived yesterday afternoon,about five o'clock.She and I got married in 1968,in the month of July.
1679 6)有两个地点状语时,较小的单位一般放在前面,但有时也不如此,其顺序往往根据文体或句子平衡的需要来安排:
He lived at a small village in a northern state.We spent the holidays at a cottage in the mountains.We spent the holidays in the mountains,at a cottage we rented from a friend.
1680 7)最好不要把所有的状语放在一个地方:
I returned “to the village”“ by train”“before dark”“one day”.(不好)
“One day before dark” I returned “to the village”“ by train.”(较好)
1681 8)如果把几个状语放在一起,通常宜于把最短的放在前面,把最长的放在最后:
He arrived“silently”“after all his companions”.He slept “soundly”“on a very large bed”.He sat“down”“by mistake”“on the back of a sleeping crocodile”.
“Tomorrow” “at five” “when it begins to dawn”, I shall go to a distant city. I shall stay “here”“for three days ” “while the festival is going on”.“Yesterday”“just before breakfast”“when I was writing a letter”, Mr.A called at my house.(先是单词,然后是短语,最后是从句。)
1682 9)像refer to,insist on, beware of;play hell with,take care of,lay stress on;live up to,put up with, look down on;line up,get along,fool about,carry on, give forth,gamble away这样的成语最好不要分开:
He has always firmly and passionately believed in manners.(比 believed firmly and passionately in manners.好)
He depends upon his uncle for his education.(比depends for his education upon his uncle好)
she looks patiently after the baby.(中间有时可插入短的状语)
1683 10)包含 this,that, like, such, so, thus, the这类词的状语,和其他与前面句子或段落有关的状语,最好放在主语前面:
Just at that moment,a man came.At such a sight,they all shuddered.In this manner he died.So they said.So I do.So do I.Thus they started the rebellion.Here he stopped.After the war, many were starved.In like manner they were killed.From what has been said,this theory is very easy to understand.
1684 11)放在动词前的状语带有装饰性,有时可以省掉,而放在动词后面的状语比较强调,更为重要:
They suddeny attacked us.They attacked us suddenly.
We quietly went away.We went away quietly.
I immediately corrected it.I corrected it immediately.
I often go to the pictures.I go to the pictures very often.
1685 12)一个状语,为了强调而加以重复时,必须放在句子前面:
She decides to go tomorrow,and tomorrow she must go.
She cried sorrowfully,and sorrowfully everyone sighed.
John learned Chinese with difficulty,and with difficulty he had learned everything.
(Cf.He is as happy as happy(形容词)can be.If moth- er thinks I must have a wife,wife(名词)I must have.)
1686 13)最好不要把状语放在两个动词之间,以免意思含糊不清。下面句子都不妥当,需要改正。例如在第一个句子中,如果immediately修饰第一个动词,那它应当放在wrote的前面,反之,如果它修饰第二个动词,它就应当放在 tell the news后面:
I wrote immediately to tell him the news.
I have telephoned to him three times to come.(最好说 I have three times telephoned to him to come.或是说 I have telephoned to him to come three times.)
To inform him immediately I rang him up.(在 immediately之后应加一逗号)
下面例句是正确的:
My son now and then asked(×) to follow me to the cinema.He earnestly hoped(×) to see me.John kindly suggested(×) taking care of my little girl.She candidly admitted(×) having gone out with her boyfriend.(“×”表示状语不宜放的位置。)
1687 14)如果主要动词前有两个助动词,修饰整个句子的副词(特别是频度及肯定副词)要放在两个助动词之间,而修饰主要动词的副词(特别是方式副词)应放在这个动词的前面:
a) Tigers have often been discovered in this area.
You can never have seen such a beautiful place.
He will probably be made President of the Company.
He has surely been punished for his offence.
He may,unfortunately,be killed by robbers.
b) This decision will be publicly announced.
I would have carefully done it,if it had been useful.
He must have seriously considered this matter.
1688 15)要使副词(短语)尽可能靠近它修饰的动词:
We went to deserted village almost ten miles away from the capital yesterday.(不好)
We went yesterday to…capital.(较好)
Yesterday a guest who had come from a distant country called on me.(不好)
A guest…me yesterday.(较好)
Immediately,he told me to leave his house.(不好)
He told me to leave his house immediately.(较好)
1689 16)某些副词,如 only, alone, also, too, even,可能只与某个词有关,应尽量使之靠近这个词:
Only John(n.)(Nobody else) saw Mary there two days ago.
John only saw(v.)Mary(did not talk with her) there two days ago.
John saw only Mary(n.)( not anybody else) there two days ago.
John saw Mary only there(adv.)(not in any other place) two days ago.
John saw Mary there only two days ago(adv-phrase) (not more than two days ago).
He alone( Nobody else) loves her.
He loved her alone( nobody else).
He loves her for her simplicity alone(not for any other reason).
Even John(not only his elder brothers and sisters) writes articles for the newspaper.
John even writes articles for the newspaper(not only does other things less important).
John writes even articles for the newspaper(not only letters, which are easier to write).
John writes articles even for the newspaper(not only for his own school).
Her husband,too(not only she),spends a lot of money.
Her husband spends a lot of money, too(not only earns so much).
Her husbnad spends a lot of money on dress too(not only on other things).
1690 17)一个包含否定词(或有否定意义的词)的副词(短语)可以放在“助动词+主语+主要动词”的前面来加以强调:
Nowhere can I find a cleaner place.(否定的地点副词或短语)
In no other land do I wish to live and die.
Neither from the north nor from the south does he come.
Only to Asia(=To no other places than Asia) can we export our goods
From the Middle East alone(=From no other areas than the Middle East) does this country obtain its oil.
Not until sixteen had this great writer learned to write.
(否定的时间副词或短语)
Never have I said anything to him.(正确)
No have I said anything to him.(错句,not虽为否定词,都必须用在短语中,不能单独这样用。)
No to anyone have I said anything.(正确)
No sooner had I touch the pillow than I fell asleep.
For only a few(= not many)months could my married life be called happy.
Less than a month have I learned to cook.
No a fig does he care!(程度副词或短语)
If you do not know her,much(even, still)less do I.
If you can't answer the question,no more can I.
Least of all could I kill anyone.
Hardly(or Scarcely)(=Not quite) had he seen me when he called out to me.
Never in all her life has she seen such a handsome man.
(频度副词或短语)
Rarely(or Seldom)(= Not often)did he notice such a matter.
Not infrequently may I get the permission to see the boss.
No longer can I stand his impudence.
By no means must you say that.(方式副词或短语)
Under(or In) no circumstances must anyone violate the rules.
Only by stealing can he make his living.
Only when one has enough to eat can one be honest.(副词+状语从句)
No though you made a request would he agree.
Hardly ever has there been any case like that.(注意there been的位置)
Never will there be any World War Ⅲ.
不过,要是一个短语,虽然包含否定词,却没有否定意义,句子仍用正常语序:
Not long(= A short time)ago I still saw him.(不要说did I still see him.)
Not many(= A few) months later, he came again.
Not infrequently(=Often) he told me the same story.
(也可说 did he tell…)
Not only she agreed,but also her husband said “yes”.
(也可说 Not only did she agree…)
尽管副词(短语)并不是否定的,间或也可有“副词(短语)+助动词+主语+主要动词”这样的语序:
In vain have I written all these articles.
From time to time has he said that,but nobody cares.
Still more was I impressed with her manners.
Many a night did John wait for her at the corner.
Of the fifty students,can only five pass this year.
1691 18)副词(短语),特别是地点和时间副词(短语),可以放在表示“存在”、“出现”、“发生”等的不及物动词前面,而主语(第一次出现的东西或加以强调的东西)放在后面(参阅1667 a),1668 a)):地点副词(短语):
At the end of the wood stood a church.
By the front door entered three soldiers.
In this beautiful palace lived a king and his daughter.
All around the house grew millions of flowers.
On the grass(there)lay a shepherd.(在状语和不及物动词之间可以加 there,也可不加。)
By the river(there) has a pagoda(短的主语) stood for 101 years.
By the river(there) has stood a pagoda as high as 30 meters.
There happened an accident in this city.(这里的 there 不可省略)
时间副词(短语):
Soon after this omen began a revolt.
At last came the wedding day.
In 1952 was born one of my daughters.
When father returned from France,there happened(or took place)something strange.(带有状语从句)
Just as they drank merrily,there came a terrible knock at the door.
如果句子主语很长,可以放在不及物动词后面,而把副词(短语)放在动词前面:
In all her splendour appeared the bride followed by two pretty children.
For the sake of justice died hundreds of people who made a peaceful protest.
In such surroundings there was born(= appeared)a man of extraordinary ability,destined to save his nation.(被动语态的动词在语法上相当于一个不及物动词)
In her hands was placed all his being and all his happiness.
There was taken to the mayor a man one hundred and twenty years of age and still in good health.
1692 19)有些副词可以放在几个位置,而有不同的意思:
NOW
I am now(=at this moment)reading a novel.
I am reading a novel now(更为强调).
He lost all his money in gambling.Now(用作连接副词,对前面的话加以解释,或只引起注意)this money he had borrowed from his aunt.
AGAIN
I again(= once more)tried the project.
I tried the project again(更为强调).
He is a scientist,and again(=besides,用作连接副词)he knows seven languages.
SO
I told him so(= the same thing).
It is raining,so(= therefore,用作连接副词)I can't go out.
INDEED
He knows a lot of things indeed(用来加强语气).
He is,indeed(系动词 be之后),the best man I know.
Indeed(和 but连用), he knows a lot of things,but he is selfish.
ONLY
I can tell you only(放在宾语前面)this(= nothing else than this).
He is very kind,only(= yet,用作连接副词)he doesn't know how to talk.
ONCE
I have been there once(= one time,on one occasion).
He once(= formerly)lived in the country.
Once(= after one time,用作连接副词)I visited the place,I could recognize all the streets.
YET
He has not yet(= till now)come.
He has studied English five years, yet(= but) he is unable to write letter
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下面是小编整理的一些关于英语中形容词用法总结,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助。
1)形容词词干十名词十 ed
kind- hearted(好心的)
2)形容词词干十形容词词干
red- hot(炽热的),dark- blue(深蓝的)
3)形容词词干十现在分词词干
tried- looking(面带倦容的) ordinary- looking(长相一般的)
4)副词词干十现在分词词干
hard- working(勤劳的) quick- firing(速射的)
5)副词词干十过去分词词干
hard- won(得来不易的) newly- made(新建的)
6)名词词干十形容词词干
life- long(终生的) world- famous(世界闻名的)
7)名词词干十现在分词词干
peace- loving(爱好和平的) mouth- watering(令人垂涎的)
8)名词词干十过去分词词干
snow- covered(白雪复盖的) hand- made(手工的)
9)数词词干+名词十 ed
four- storeyed(四层的) three- legged(三条腿的)
10)数词词干十名词词干
ten- year(十年的) two- man(二人的)
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小编给大家整理了英语词组 doing/to do 的固定用法,希望对大家的英语学习有帮助。
感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性,真实性;
+doing 表示动作的连续性,进行性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)
昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
1)They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.
A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow
答案:A。
因题意为,他们看着她长大,因此强调的是成长的过程,而非正在长的动作,因此用see sb do sth 的句型。
2)The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river.
A. playing B. to be playingC. playD. to play
答案A. 本题强调其动作,正在河边玩,应此用see sb. doing sth句型。
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下面小编给大家总结了英语连词的用法,希望对大家的英语学习有帮助。
1. —Oh, I failed again
—Don’t lose heart. One more effort, ________ you will succeed.
A. so that B. therefore C. however D. and
2. ________ a difficult situation, so you should send him a message and give him some advice.
A. As he is in B. He is in C. Being in D. He being in
3. She said she would work it out herself, ________ ask me for help.
A. and not to B. but not C. and prefer not D. rather than
4. ________ enough time, but I couldn’t do it better.
A. I was given B. Given C. To be given D. Though I was given
5. —How can I wake up so early?
—Set the alarm at 5 o’clock, ________ you’ll make it.
A. but B. or C. and D. so
6. For a person with reading habits, a printed page contains not only words ________ ideas, thoughts and feelings.
A. yet B. and C. or D. but
7. Information technology is taught in most schools, ________ we have entered the information society.
A. so B. while C. still D. for
8. English is understood all over the world ________ Turkey is spoken by only a few people outside Turkey itself.
A. while B. when C. if D. as
9. I was on the point of going to bed ________ Mr. Zhang rang.
A. as B. when C. while D. and
10. I asked him whether he had done all the work himself ________ whether he had had any assistance.
A. and B. but C. nor D. or
11. In some countries, ________ are called “public schools” are not owned by the public.
A. which B. as C. what D. that
12. ________ happens in the world makes us happy and sad by turns.
A. That B. What C. Which D. Whether
13. I read about this story in some book or other, does it matter ________ it was?
A. where B. what C. how D. which
14. One of the men present held the view ________ the book said was right.
A. what that B. what C. that D. that what
15. ________ I had walked for six hours, I was tired out.
A. After B. Before C. When D. As
16. Tom make up his mind to get a seat for the football match ________ it means standing in a queue all night.
A. as if B. as though C. even if D. whatever
17. The roof fell ________ he had time to dash into the house to save his baby.
A. as B. after C. until D. before
18. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true ________ it comes to classroom tests.
A. as B. since C. when D. after
19. I have been keeping that photo ________ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my college days.
A. which B. where C. whether D. when
20. You may borrow this book ________ you promise to give it back.
A. in case B. so long as C. as if D. even if
【答案解析】
1. D. 考查“祈使句/名词+and+陈述句”句型。句意为:“再努力点,你就会成功的”。
2. B. so(因此)是并列连词,引出一个表示结果的分句,前面应是一个表示原因的分句,而无需再用连词,排除A;C和D又不是句子,也错了。
3. D. 因为rather than是对称连词,意为“而不”
4. A. 因为but是并列连词,后面是个句子,前面也一定是个句子,而不是一个分词短语或不定式短语,更不能再用连词though,所以排除B、C和D。
5. C. 考查“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型,意为“如果…就…”。虽然or也可用于此句型,但or是“否则、要不然”之意,如:Work hard, or you’ll fail. (努力学习,否则就会不及格。)
6. D. 因为not only…but (also)…是固定搭配7. D. 因为句中的并列连词for表示原因,是对前面分句所述内容的解释或补充说明。
8. A. 因为句中的并列连词while表示“对比或相反”。
9. B. 因为句中的并列连词when = just at that time, 意为“这时(突然)”。
10. D. 因为只有or才能表示选择,意为“(是…) 还是”。
11. C。本题考查what引导主语从句,并在主语从句中作主语。句意为“在许多国家,所谓的“公立学校”并非公众拥有。
12. B。本题考查引导主语从句的连接词。that引导主语从句只起连接作用,在从句中不作任何成分,无意义,但不能省略。what除引导主语从句外, 还在从句中作成分。which指一定范围内的“哪一个”;whether意为“是否”。根据句意“世上的事喜忧交替”可知答案为B13. D。该题考查宾语从句。可以看作是does it matter which book it was的省略。一定注意此题受母语干扰,很容易错选答案为A。只要抓住题干前一句I read about this story in some book or other的提示,就可知道是指一定范围内的“哪一个”,故答案为D。
14. D。that引导同位语从句;what the book said是同位语从句中的主语。
15. A。本题考查以after引导的时间状语从句,意为“在…之后”。句意为“步行了六小时后,我累坏了”。
16. C。even if=even though,引导的让步状语从句,意为“即使, 尽管”,符合题意。
17. D。本题考查before引导的时间状语从句,意为“在……之前”。句意为“他来不及冲进去救他的孩子,屋顶就塌了”。
18. C。When it comes to. . . 是一固定句型,意为“当谈到……时,涉及”。句意为“做作业是提高考分的一个可靠方法,这在涉及到课堂测验时尤其正确”19. B。该题考查where引导的地点状语从句,表示“在…地方”。句意为“我一直把照片放在我每天都能看到的地方,因为它总使我回想起大学里的日子”。
20. B。so long as=so long as, 意为“只要”,表示条件。句意为“只要你答应归还,你就可以把这书借走”。
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以下是小编为大家整理的量词的用法分析,希望能帮助大家更好地认识a量词,提高英语水平。
在汉语中,量词是指:一杆笔、一张纸、一本书中的“杆、张、本”,至于英语中的“量词”,但最近的看了篇文章,我从这篇文章中随便找了六个,附在下面,请您看一看。
①a pack of wolves(一群狼)
②a pride of lion(一群狮子)
③a skulk of foxes(一群狐狸)
④a drove of horses(一群马)
⑤a flock of goats(一群山羊)
⑥a herd of elephants(一群大象)
我们的老师曾经告诉我们,类似“杆、张、本”这样的量词,是汉语中特有的,英语中并没有,为什么这篇文章却说英语中也有量词,而且还这样复杂?首先,我可以肯定地说:英语中确实没有量词,绝对没有。这篇文章中提到的所谓“量词”,其实并不是真正意义上的量词,而是一些普通的名词,比如a herd of elephants(一群大象),它是由两个名词组成的:herd(兽群)和elephants(大象),因此它的本意是“一个由大象组成的兽群”,并不包含我们汉语中的那种量词。
其次,这篇文章中提到的所谓“量词”(其实是名词),有许多都是不常用的生僻单词,比如bevy、clump、gaggle、skulk、stud、swarm等,我估计绝大多数初学者都不认识它们。另外,还有一些所谓的“量词”,它们的含义,与它们通常的含义,两者完全不同,比如pride,它通常的含义是“骄傲”,只是在某些文学作品中,它可以表示“一群狮子”,不过这个含义许多人都不知道。
因此,我不赞成英语中有所谓“量词”的提法,更不赞成让学生们学这些所谓的“量词”。看到这里,有些读者可能要问:如果我不用a herd of elephants,那我用什么来表达“一群大象”呢?其实很简单,我们可以根据大象的数量,分别用some elephants、many elephants等来表示,完全可以避免使用那些生僻单词。
我以前曾经说过,国内学英语的朋友,一般都不是自觉自愿学的,而是迫于某种压力(出国、升学、考研、晋级等),硬着头皮瞎学的。他们的学习负担本来就很重,真正的英语知识都还学不过来,我们这些有闲情逸致写文章的人,千万不要再额外编造一些新的“英语知识”,硬塞给他们,来增加他们的学习负担,那样做,实在太不人道了(笑),这就是我写这个小帖子的目的。
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英语中各种“量词”用法分析 相关文章推荐:
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动名词词在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。以下是读文网小编为大家整理的动名词的用法,希望能帮助大家更好地掌握动名词,提高英语水平。
动名词(短语)可以和about, against, at, before, after, by, for, besides, from, in, on, upon, without等介词构成短语,在句中作状语,如:
They broke in loud cheers on hearing the news.
She left without saying good-bye to us.
Besides cooking and sewing, she had to take care of the children.
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help在英语中是一个非常常用的单词,无论是在书面语上或者是口语上,它的使用频率都非常的高。接下来读文网小编为你介绍help 的用法。
help
英[hɛlp] 美[hɛlp]
help sb. with sth. 帮助做
help sb. out of trouble帮助某人脱离困境
can’t help doing sth.禁不住……
cannot help/ choose but do sth.只好……
help sb. out帮助结局难题; 帮助摆脱困境;救出
turn to sb. for help求助于……
be of help有帮助;有用
help oneself 随意取用,自由取食
home help n. (帮助病人或老年人做家务的)家务女工
help的例句
1.Can you help me? (v.)
你能帮我一下吗?
2.The boy was helped by a woman to collect his scattered coins.(v.)
那男孩由一个妇女帮他捡拾散乱一地的钱币。
3.How can I help my children not to worry about their exams?(v.)
我怎样才能帮助我的孩子们不为他们的考试着急呢?
4.Thank you for your kind help. (n.)
谢谢你好意相助。
5.You must reckon without his help in this matter.(n.)
在这件事情上,你切不可指望他的帮助。
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大家都知道like是“喜欢”的意思,那么你知道like除了这个意思,还有其他别的含义吗?你知道它的用法吗?赶紧跟着读文网小编一起来学习吧!
like
英 [laɪk] 美 [laɪk]
现在分词:liking
过去式:liked
过去分词:liked
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listen! 听!读文网小编正在介绍listen的用法呢!
listen
英 [ ’lisn ] 美 [ ‘lɪsn ]
名词:listener (倾听者)
现在分词:listening
过去式:listened
过去分词:listened
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make是英语中使用频率非常高的一个单词,今天读文网小编将从make的活用、make用作使役动词两方面来介绍make的用法。
过去式: made
过去分词: made
现在分词: making
第三人称单数: makes
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need是英语里面的一个基础词汇,常表示“需要”的意思。接下来读文网小编将为你介绍need的用法。
现在分词:needing
过去式:needed
过去分词:needed
第三人称单数:needs
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