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动名词的用法总结详解英语语法(五篇)

动名词词在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。以下是读文网小编为大家整理的动名词的用法,希望能帮助大家更好地掌握动名词,提高英语水平。

动名词的用法:作状语

动名词(短语)可以和about, against, at, before, after, by, for, besides, from, in, on, upon, without等介词构成短语,在句中作状语,如:

They broke in loud cheers on hearing the news.

She left without saying good-bye to us.

Besides cooking and sewing, she had to take care of the children.

动名词的用法:作表语

1、动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别:

动名词作表语时相当于名词,说明主语的含义及内容,它与主语是同等关系,主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义,但不可用副词来修饰。如:

My job is looking after the children. = Looking after the children is my job.

Our duty is serving the people. = Serving the people is our duty.

以上两处是动名词作表语,可以和主语互换位置,不影响句子的基本含义。

2、现在分词作表语时相当于形容词,说明主语的特征、性质、状态等,主语与表语不可互换位置,但可用very, quite等副词来修饰,如:

The situation is encouraging.形势是值得鼓励的。

This cake is very inviting.

The volleyball match we watched was very exciting.

以上三处是现在分词作表语,不可与主语互换位置。

3、动名词作表语与不定式作表语的区别:

动名词作表语时表示比较抽象的一般行为、习惯;

不定式作表语时表示具体的某一次动作,特别是将来的动作,试比较:

My favorite sport is swimming.

The first thing for us to do is to improve our pronunciation.

动名词的用法:作宾语

1、能用动名词作宾语的动词有两类:一类是只能用动名词作宾语的动词,其中有:avoid、consider、advise、dislike、enjoy、excuse、finish、give up、can’t help、keep (on)、(don’t )mind、miss、practice、go on、suggest等。另一类是既可以用动名词,又可以用不定式作宾语的动词,其中有:begin、forget、hate、like、plan、prefer、remember、start、 try、stop、need、can’t afford等。

(1) 动名词跟在及物动词后做宾语。例如:

I enjoy working with you.

After hearing the funny story, all of us couldn't help laughing ear to ear.

Would you mind ringing me up tomorrow?

(2) 动名词跟在介词后面作宾语。例如:

I'm looking forward to your coming next time.

Thank you for offering me so much help.

He is fond of watching sports-games.

(3) 下列动词后的动名词虽然是被动意义,但不用被动语态:

Your car needs filling. 你这车要充气了。

This city deserves visiting. 这座城市值得光顾一下。

The problem requires studying carefully .这个问题需要认真研究。

The trees want watering .这些树需要浇水了。

动名词的用法:作定语

动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍,一般只限于单个的动名词作定语,表示“用于……的”或表示“处于某件事情中的……”含义。例如:

swimming pool 游泳池 reading material阅读材料

walking stick 手杖 opening speech 开幕词

listening aid 助听器 waiting room 候车室

running water 自来水 developing countries 发展中国家

working people 劳动人民 sleeping child 熟睡孩子

动名词的用法:作主语

1、动名词是由动词变化而来,所以,动名词的意义也是表示某个动作或事情。例如: Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good.

Cheating on an exam ruins one's character. 考试作弊毁坏人的性格。

2、动名词作主语时,对于一些比较长的动名词短语,一般采用"It is …"和"There is …"两种句式来表示。例如:

It is no use waiting for him any longer. 等他是没有用的。

There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。

3、动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别:动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的动作,一般不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起;不定式作主语通常表示具体的动作或行为,往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起,如:

It’s no use crying over spilt milk. (抽象)

He realized that to go on like this was no use. (具体)

4、在实际运用中,一般可以互换,差异不大。但在下列几种情况中不能互换:

当表语是动名词时,主语也要用动名词;当表语是不定式时,主语也要用不定式,如: Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe.

5、动名词和不定式作主语,一般都可以使用形式主语it,而将动名词或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中,一般宜用动名词,不宜用不定式来代替:

It’s no use doing … It’s no good doing…

It’s a waste of time doing …

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