为您找到与初二回娘家可不可以相关的共10个结果:
兴趣是最好的老师。如何激发学生的学习积极性一直是教师不断探索的一个问题。进入初二阶段,随着英语教学内容的不断深入,课堂容量的不断增加,学生对越来越多的语法内容有了畏惧感,同时感到课堂不再轻松,学习兴趣和积极性都有所下降。
初二年级英语学科的特点:
1语法难度加大。初二年级开始学习各种从句和较为难理解的时态,如宾语从句,状语从句,现在完成时,过去进行时等。
2 单词量增加。课本上要求掌握的单词量猛然增加,而且同时出现了较长,较难的词。
3 型、阅读题目难度逐渐增加。英语试卷最终的难题将分布在阅读和完型两类型的题目中,初二年级将逐步实现这种转化。在各种考试题目中,完型和阅读将逐步加大难度,与初三年级实现接轨。
为了应对以上变化,北京四中英语教师赵悦建议同学们在初二学习中应掌握并且运用以下方法:
1、运用拼读法背诵单词。
即同学们在背诵单词之前一定要参考音标读准发音,边读边记,而不是简单记忆单词的排列组合,拼读法可以大大提高背诵单词的效率。同时,同学们在学习词汇时不仅要掌握单词的拼写,同时要把单词放在句子和语境中掌握它们的意义和运用,并注意兼类词(即多词性)及派生词的用法。
2、对于从句的学习,先弄清楚单句中句子成分的不同概念。
时态的学习不仅要记忆语法条例,更重要的是在语境和语篇中不断体会时态的应用,培养语感,从而提高正确率。初二年级还要建立自己的改错本,把练习和平时测试中的错题积累起来,并且及时分析错因,解析正确答案,建立自己的“题库”,这是非常行之有效的方法。
3、加大阅读训练力度。
阅读是非常重要的能力,也是不能突击的能力之一,是同学们在平时的一点一滴训练中不断培养起来的。初二学段中同学们不能忽略阅读的重要性。除了课内课本的阅读,同学们应该有意识地进行课外阅读训练。这种阅读又分两类:即精读和泛读。精读要求大家不仅要读懂内容,并且要有意识地关注阅读篇章语言的应用,甚至要背诵阅读文章。大家除了精读课本还应精读一些经典的读物,如新概念,心灵鸡汤等,扩大自己的阅读和词汇量。泛读要求同学们不必过多地分析语言的应用,而是为了内容,为了获得阅读的乐趣而读。大家完全可以选择自己感兴趣的杂志,小说等读物,进行不同体裁,不同题材话题的阅读。尽量享受阅读带来的乐趣。
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1.How about doing sth.?=Whataboutdoingsth.?做某事怎样?
2.have some problems doing sth.在做某事的过程中有问题
3.Thank you for doing sth.因做某事而感谢你
4.have fun doing sth.在做某事的过程中获得乐趣
5.after doing sth.做某事之后
6.before doing sth.做某事之前
7.finish doing sth.完成做某事
8.keep doing sth.保持一直做某事
9.keep sb.doing sth.保持某人一直做某事
10.be busy doing sth..忙于(做)某事
11.enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事
12.be good at doing sth.=do wellin doing sth.擅长于作某事
13.want to do sth.想要去做某事
14.want sb.(not)to do sth.想要某人(不要)去做某事
15.would like to do sth.想要去做某事
16.would like sb.(not)to do sth.想要某人去做某事
17.hope wish to do sth.希望去做某事
18.wish sb.to do sth.希望某人去做某事
19.need sb.to do sth需要某人去做某事
20.use…to do sth.用…去做某事
21.agree to do sth.同意去做某事
22.plan to do sth.计划去做某事
23.try to do sth.设法去做某事
24.try not to do sth.尽量不去做某事
25.happen to do sth.碰巧做某事
26.try doone’sbest to do sth.尽力去做某事
27.It takessb.sometime to do sth.花费某人一段时间去做某事
28.It’stime(forsb.)to do sth.(对某人来说)该是作某事的时间了
29.It’sverykindniceofyou to do sth. 你做了某事,你人太好了。
30.need to do sth.需要去做某事
31.ask sb.(not)to do sth.要求某人(不要)去做某事
32.tell sb.(not)to do sth.告诉某人(不要)去做某事
33.what to say说什么
34.how to do it怎样做它#p#副标题#e#
35.where to go去哪儿
36.when to go什么时候去
37.which to buy买哪一个
38.Why not+原形…?为什么不…?
39.Will would you please+原形请你…好吗?
40.have to+原形不得不
41.had better do sth.最好做某事
42.had better not do sth.最好不要做某事
43.beafraid to do sth.=beafrad of doing sth.害怕去做某事
44.start to do sth.=begin to do sth.=startdoing sth.=begindoing sth开始做某事
45.love to do sth.love doing sth.=like to do sth.like doingsth爱做某事
46.hear sb.doing sth.听见某人在做某事
47.watchsb.doingsth.观看某人在做某事
48.see sb.doing sth.看见某人在做某事
49.find sb.doing sth.发现某人在做某事
50.it is good/bad/easy/hard/interesting/important(for sb.)to do sth.(对某人来说)作某事是有好处的/坏处的/容易的/困难的/有趣的/重要的。
51.find it hard/easy/interesting to do sth.发现做某事是困难的容易的有趣的
52.think it hard/easy/interesting to do sth.认为做某事是困难的容易的有趣的
53.feel it hard/easy/interesting to do sth.感觉做某事是困难的容易的有趣的
54.watch sb.do sth..观看某人做了事
55.see sb.do sth.看见某人做了某事
56.not icesb.do sth.注意到某人做了某事
57.listen to sb.do sth.听某人做了某事
58.hear sb.do sth.听见某人做了某事
59.feel sb.do sth.感觉某人做了某事
60.have sb.do sth让某人做某事
61.let sb.do sth.让某人做某事
62.makesb.dosth.使得某人做某事
63.helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助某人去做某事
64.go on doing sth.继续做某事(同一件)
65.go on to do sth.接着去做某事(另一件)
66.stop doing sth.停止做某事(正在做的)
67.stop to do sth.停下来去做某事(另一事)
68.remember to do sth.记着去做某事
69.remember doing sth.记得做过某事
70.forget to do sth.忘记去做某事
71.forget doing sth.忘记做过了某事
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► 1下面是一封刊登在校报上的信。写信人想要征求读者意见,找到解决问题的方法。请你写封信提出你的建议。80词左右。提示词:put…away把…收拾好。
Dear friend, What a terrible day today! This morning I was late for school and my teacher was angry with me. Then I forgot my science book. Since I stayed up late last night, I felt sleepy in class this afternoon. I could hardly hear what the teacher said. Could you please give me some advice? Yours, Looking for help |
I am sorry to hear your problem, which is so common these days that it can happen to most of us. Here are some useful suggestions I think that may help you.
To begin with, you’d better go to bed as early as possible. The reason why you should do so is that you can get up early and will not be late for school. Enough sleep will help you concentrate more in class as well.What’s more, why not put your backpack away before sleeping? An advantage of doing this is that you will never leave your book at home. Last but not least, if I were you, I would communicate with my parents because they not only know you better but also have much experience.
In a word, it is necessary for you to take these steps above. I hope you can get out of trouble as soon as possible
► 2
假如你叫Lily,是Betty的笔友,你收到了她的来信。请你给她写一封回信,针对她的问题,谈谈你的看法,并给出可行性建议。不少于60词。 Dear Lily, I’m glad to enter my new school. I like the new school campus but I find that the classmates around me are really excellent. I am worried about speaking in front of them and I don’t believe myself. The mid-term exam is coming, but I can’t sleep and enjoy my meals well. Even worse, I feel sleepy and can’t concentrate on my lessons in the daytime. Sometimes I feel dizzy, too. What should I do? Do you have any good ideas? Please write to me as soon as possible. Yours. Betty |
Dear Betty,
I am sorry to hear your problem, which is so common these days that it can happen to most of us. Here are some useful suggestions I think that may help you.
To begin with, you’d better go to bed early. The reason why you should do so is that you will not feel sleepy and dizzy any more, and you will have a good appetite. Enough sleep will help you concentrate more on your lessons so that you will do well in the mid-term exam as well. What’s more, why not try to make friends with your new classmates and share your story with them? An advantage of doing this is that you won’t be worried about speaking in front of others gradually. Last but not least, if I were you, I would communicate with my parents because they not only know you better but also have much experience.
In a word, it is necessary for you to take these steps above. I hope you can get out of trouble as soon as possible and enjoy your life in the new school.
Yours
Lily
►3上周的体育课上,有个同学突然肚子疼,引发了学校对“体育课安全”的关注,你觉得你们的体育课安全吗?请你以“How to Keep Safe in P.E Class”为题,在班会课上作主题发言。内容包括:
1.描述一件发生在你身上或你看到的发生在体育课上的意外事件(经过与结果)
2.提出解决这种意外事件的建议(至少两条)
3.呼吁每个学生要注意体育安全
How to Keep Safe in P.E Class?
Good afternoon , everyone!
Do you know that our P.E class could be dangerous if we are not careful enough? For example, a student got a stomachache in a P.E class suddenly while he was running. He lay on the floor for a long time and we were all frightened. How to help students stay away from danger in the P.E class?
First of all, the teacher should make the students warm up before sports activities. What’s more, students must wear sports clothes in P.E classes. Last but not least, students must know some safe behaviors, for example, drinking some water after P.E classes.
In a word, safety is one of the most important things for a student. All of us should pay attention to it. Do you think so?
That’s all. Thank you.
►4假如你是Martin,你的笔友Alice在给你的来信中说她经常生病,情绪低落,请你给她写封回信,告诉她应该怎样做。参考词汇: healthy food , do more exercise , enough sleep , keep happy
Dear Alice,
I’m sorry to hear that you are not very well and feel unhappy. I want to give you some advice I hope this will be helpful for you. I think, healthy food and exercise is the key to good health.
First of all, you’d better have food including fresh vegetables, fruits instead of food high in fat and sugar. What’s more, doing more exercise is also necessary for us to build up our body. You can run, swim, play table tennis and so on. Besides, enough sleep is good for your health, which makes you full of energy and in a good mood. Last but not the least, you should keep healthy.
In a word, it’s necessary for you to follow my advice. I believe you will feel better soon.
Best wishes to you.
Yours
Martin#p#副标题#e#
►5 假如你叫张华,是美国中学生Bob的笔友,你收到了他的一封电子邮件你收到了他的电子邮件。请给他回复,回答他的问题,提出你的建议,并就此事谈谈你的看法。
Hi! Zhang Hua, I have a big problem these days. I spend much time playing computer games in the evening. As a result, I usually feel tired all day and don’t want to learn my lessons any more. My parents don’t allow me to play computer games now and ask me to go to bed before 10:00. That makes me unhappy. I don’t think they understand me. Do you have the same problem? What should I do? I’m looking forward to hearing from you. Yours, Bob |
Hi Bob,
I’m glad to hear from you. I used to have the same problems, but now I can deal with it well. Now, let me give you some advice.
First of all, you’d better not spend too much time playing computer games because it’s bad for your eyes. What’s more, as a student, it’s very important to put your heart into your study, so why not study hard instead of playing computer games? Last but not least, you should understand your parents. All parents love their children. If you listen to them, I’m sure you will become healthier and won’t often feel tired.
In my opinion, it’s not wrong to play computer games, but the most important thing is how to play it in a right way and do not disturb your study.
In a word, I hope what I said can help you.
Yours
Zhanghua
►6假设你是Emma,你的笔友Josh给你写了一封电子邮件,向你倾诉他在家里的一些烦恼。请根据来信和提示,给Josh回一封电子邮件。先说说你的看法,再给出建议,并适当发挥。
内容要点:
(1)看法:在父母看来,我们仍是孩子;父母这样做是为了保护我们。
(2)建议:给父母写信谈谈你的想法;主动帮你父母做些力所能及的事情。
Dear Josh,
Thanks for your e-mail. I have ever had the same problem. I even had a fight with my parents. But now, I understand them. We are growing up, but it’s hard for our parents to see this. To them, we are still little kids and they want to protect us.
Sometimes, it’s hard for you to talk to your parents. Here’s an idea: write your mother and father a letter. In the letter, tell your parents what you are thinking about. Then maybe they will understand you better. After your parents read the letter try to talk to them. What’s more, in your free time, you’d better do something you can to help your parents. For example, you can help your parents with some housework. Last but not least, you can describe your friends to your parents and tell them about you and your life.
In a word, I hope this helps! You will soon get out of trouble.
Yours
Emma
►7 假如你叫李华,是九年级一班的学生,暑假即将来临,学校准备组织部分学生参加暑假公益活动。表格中是学校安排的两项活动及要求,请按照你自己的意愿和特长选择其中一项,然后根据你的选择和问题提示,给活动负责人郝老师用英语写一封电子邮件,提出申请
We Can Help
Project | What to do | When |
Old people’s home visit | Cheer them up Do some chores | Every Tuesday morning |
Kids’ summer camp | Teach them to read Teach them to look after themselves | Every Friday afternoon |
问题提示(电子邮件须包含下列要点)
1. Which project do you want to choose?
2. Why do you want to choose it?
3. How are you going to do it well?#p#副标题#e#
Dear Mr Hao,
I’m Li Hua, a student from Class One, Grade Nine. I read your notice yesterday. I would like to choose the project Kids’ summer camp. The reasons are as follows:
First of all, I love children because they are active, lovely and curious about everything. Staying with them will bring me a lot of pleasure. Secondly, my dream is to be a teacher. I am imaginative so that I can make reading amusing and interesting. Thirdly, I will teach them some knowledge about health and security, such as the traffic rules, good habits of healthy life , and so on. In this way , they’ll learn to look after themselves.
In a word, I hope I can have the chance to make my summer holiday rich, full and meaningful.
I’m looking forward to your answer soon.
Best wishes
Yours
Lihua
►8在和谐社会里,人与人之间的互帮互助已构成我们生活中的重要组成部分。你校英语俱乐部将举行一次以“Helping Each Other Makes the World Wonderful”为主题的英语演讲比赛。假如李智要参加演讲比赛,请你以“李智”的名义用英语写一篇讲稿,谈谈你的志愿活动的经历,你做志愿或助人活动的原因,有何感受。 内容要点提示:
1、 帮助同学---友谊;
2、 帮助老人---幸福;
3、 帮助病人---快乐;
4、 帮助别人体会……
Hi, everyone! I’m Li Zhi. It’s a great honor to share my idea about help to you. As for me, no one can live without others’ help in our daily life. Therefore, we should make every effort to help others.
First of all, when our classmates are in trouble, we should try our best to help them. Then we will understand each other better and a good friendship is likely to be found. Furthermore, helping the old is also necessary, which can make us feel very happy. Finally, what I want to stress is that we should give a hand to patients when necessary, I am sure we will be very happy in turn.
In a word, helping others can really make us to get closer to each other. Dear friends, try to be a kind person, and our world will become nicer and nicer.
►9 某英文报纸就家务劳动(housework)话题征文,请你投稿。 每个家庭都有许多家务,人人都应该学做一些。谈谈你经常帮父母做那些家务,有什么体会,并打算在暑假为家里做什么。
提示词语:every family, lots of housework, learn to do, help, parents, be / feel proud of
Every family has lots of housework. Everyone should learn to do some of it. I often help my parents do housework, such as washing clothes, cleaning the room and watering flowers. I think I’ve learnt how to take good care of myself and my family by doing housework.
Doing housework has many advantages as follows. First of all, sometimes cleaning all the windows is an enjoyable experience. What’s more, I really feel proud of myself. In addition, doing housework is also a kind of exercise.
The summer holiday is coming. I’m going to learn how to cook some dishes. I strongly believe my parents will be happy to enjoy them.
►10 现在,越来越多的人喜欢旅游。人们在旅游中不仅有不同的经历,也有不一样的感受。 请你以 “A/An ______ Travel Experience” 为题描述发生在你旅行中的一件事,并谈谈你的感受。提示词语供选用。(请将题目写在答题纸上) 提示词语: travel, happen, different, make, feel, learn
An Unforgettable Travel Experience
Love, even between the strangers, warms the whole world. I will never forget the experience I had when I travelled with my classmates.
It was of great happiness to have dinner in a restaurant with my classmates and I was so overjoyed that I left my mobile phone on the dinner table without noticing it. After I found I had lost my phone. I felt anxious and looked everywhere but got no results. Suddenly my teacher’s phone rang and it was the owner of the restaurant. When I rushed back there and saw his friendly smile like the sunshine into my heart, tears shone in my eyes and I was too delighted to speak.
In my whole life, I won’t forget him because he helped me when I was in need most. Maybe it is just a small thing in my life, but it helped me feel the warmth in the world. I feel moved, and I think the whole society needs the love like this. People’s life will be better.
► 11生活中每个人都有过与他人分享的体验,如分享一本有趣的书、一段难忘的经历、一个闪光的想法……现在,某英文报纸就分享(Sharing)话题征文,请你投稿。描述一次你与他人分享的经历,并谈谈你的感受。
提示词语:share…with…;experience; interest; learn; change; encourage; enjoy; happiness; confident
I used to have an experience of sharing, which I will never forget all my life.
When my family moved, I had to go to a new school and study in a new class. The first test made me so nervous that I failed. I got worried and felt helpless until one of my new classmates came up t o me and asked softly if I was OK. After I told him about my problem, he gave me some advice. From then on, we got to know each other and shared our ideas, problems, and happiness. We became good friends and I hope our friendship will last forever.
In a word, sharing with friends helped me bring back my confidence and fit in with others.
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在初中阶段的英语教学中,八年级的分化现象十分突出。学生出现分化的原因是出现开口困难、记忆词汇困难、失去兴趣和自信心的现象。八年级成绩的好差直接影响学生的中考成绩,同时也阻碍了初中英语教学质量的提高。
那么中考英语都考哪些语法点呢?老师有一个口诀,建议大家没事儿的时候就不断的念叨,“名代冠数介形副,动词考试经常出,时态变换和被动,情态非谓语都要用,主谓一致和倒装,各种句式脑中装”。每次念叨这个口诀的时候,大家一定要思索一下各个点的内容是什么,难点是什么,常考点是什么以及易错点是什么,做到这个层次的话,相信大家的知识体系是系统且不会有缺陷的!
在听力部分,建议大家不要为了听力而听力,一定要注意在联系听力的同时提高自己的语感,词汇以及写作能力。那么怎样才能做到这样呢?我们练习听力的时候请分为三个部分:
1 听听力,做题目
2 听听力,说出所听内容
3 听一句,写一句。只有这样做,你才能用最少的时间收获最大的效果。
单词部分呢,告诉大家一个小诀窍——
抛弃你的各种牌子的电子词典,回归像板砖一样的朗文,牛津词典的怀抱吧!养成翻字典的习惯,一方面可以让大家在翻阅的时候熟悉单词的拼写,更重要的是他会有最原味儿的例句告诉你这个词的具体用法和思想感情,毕竟,中英文还是很有差距的,如果通过单词的中文意思来进行词义的体会和理解的话,很容易出现失之毫厘谬以千里的问题哦!
完形和阅读是中考英语得分的大头,因此我们一定要慎重把握。在初二的时候,我们可以做到的有以下几点:1 养成良好的做题习惯,比如说做完形的时候先读文章再看题,做阅读的时候先看题再读文章,同时一定要注意在完成阅读的前2题(即细节题)的时候一定要在原文中划出考题出处,只有这样才能切实的避免大家在细节题这种送分题上的失分现象。 2 多多翻阅中考真题,特别是要注意分析理解中考阅读理解的出题习惯和考题思路,只有知道中考考什么,你才能知道自己应该答什么。
作文部分的建议是多些,多改。大家要摈弃多多益善的心理,取而代之的应该是写一篇,会一类的习惯。怎样实现这个目的呢?我们应该注意在写完写完作文之后,第一遍,请老师订正语法错误,吸取教训;第二遍,替换精品同义词汇,为作文打造亮点;第三遍,变换句式,避免文章一成不变,达到高分作文的目的;第四遍,思考此类作文的应对方式和写作方式,自己提取模板。对一篇作文做这样的反复思考,修改之后,你会的是一类作文的写法,难道这不比你花费很多时间写一些良莠不齐的文章来的省事,省力的多吗?
总而言之,在我们踏入初二的门槛之后,大家一定要端正态度,认清自我,承担起自己的学习责任,做一个真正对自己的未来负责的人。最后,以一句话和大家共勉:当你遇到挫折,气馁的时候,请回头看一看你留过的汗水,获得过的成功,难道你要因为这一点点的艰难而让曾经的美好付之东流吗?很多时候,你只要在坚持一小下,成功就在眼前。行百里者半九十,请为了你的梦想一鼓作气,相信自己,你真的可以!
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MODULE1
1、如有yesterday, ......ago , last....just now.....用一般过去时动词加ed2、如有now ,look! ,listen, at the moment ....用现在进行时,结构是be (am, is, are) +v-ing
3、如有tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, from now on, in +一段时间, some day, next....用一般将来时,结构:will+ v原 e going to +v原(没有动词用be )
4、如有always ,often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, oncea....,every...用一般现在时,第一、二人称复数后跟动词原形,第三人称单数后跟动词加's'/'es'。
1. give sb. Sth.=givesth. to sb. 给某人某物 every day每天,
2. write down 写下,记下write it (them) down everyday每天的,日常的,
3. how about doing sth.=what about doing sth.做....怎么样 each other 互相.
4. thanks a lot=thank you very much非常谢谢
5. 回答That's all right. =You're welcome.=That'OK.= It's my pleasure.=Not at all.Why don't you+V原...=why not+...V原为什么不
6. help sb. with sth.在某方面帮助别人 help sb.(to )do sth.帮助某人做某事
7. with one'shelp=with the help of sb.在某人的帮助help oneself to sth.请自用食物
8. watch sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事,(现在没有做,做过)
9. watch sb. doingsth.看到某人正在做某事(正在做)see, hear类似
10. remember to dosth.想起记得要做某事,未做事 remember doing sth.相起记得做过某事
11. forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事 forgetdoing sth.忘记做过某事
12. welcome back欢迎回来 , new term新学期
13. this term这学期 , next term 下学学期,
14. last term上学期, give you some advice给你一些建议
15. why not 为什么不, make a mistake=make mistakes犯错误
16. correct spelling正确的拼写, whatelse?=what other things? 还有什么
17. a piece of advice 一条建议, follow/take one's advice采用别人的建议,
18. send sth tosb.=send sb. sth. 寄给某人 send for派人去请/取
19. send up发射. all the time一直
20. enjoy oneself=havea good time=have a great time=have fun, 玩得愉快
21. lots of =a lot of=many(可数)much(不可数)许多 , ,
22. spend : sb. spend some time on sth.某人花费时间做某事
23. sb. spend some time (in) doing sth. 某人花费时间做某事
24. Sb. spend some money on sth. 某人花费钱买某物
25. Sb. spend some money (in) buying sth.某人花费钱买某物
26. Cost: sth. cost sb. some money 某物花去某人钱
27. pay: sb. pay some money for sth. 某人支付钱
28. Take: It takes(took) sb.some time to do sth.做某事花去某人时间
29. ask for 请求,要求, ask sb. for sth.向某人要某物
30. ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事 a piece of一块
31. enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事.finish,practise, mind, miss ,consider,keep, continue,这些词语后跟动名词形式V-ing
32. place sth.in =putsth. in 把某物放在…里面
33. else常修饰不定代词,关系代词或副词,也可修饰all, much,little等,else要位于其后。所有格为else's.
34. take a deep breath深呼吸, catchholdone's breath屏住呼吸,
35. out of breath上气不接下气, wish sb.to do sth.希望某人做某事,
36. the number of …的数目,后跟名词复数,动词用三单, anumber of =many,大量,许多后跟名词复数,动词用复数形式。a large number of, a small number of ,
37. invite sb.to dosth. 邀请某人做某事 find+ it+ adj+to do sth.发现做某事怎么样
38. try to do sth.尽力做事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事
39. try not to do sth.尽力不做某事 try one's best尽某人最大的努力,
40. a group of 一组,一群, borrow sth from sb.从某人处借入某物,
41. lend sth.tosb=lend sb.sth.借给某人某物 keep借一段时间
42. practice doingsth.,练习做做某事 come from=be from来自,
43. look for 寻找, look after=care for=take care of照顾
44. look up 向上看,查阅, look like看起来像,
45. look at 看着, look on sb. as把某人看作,
46. look forward todoing sth. 盼望,期待做某事 look over检查,翻阅 ,
47. look out当心,向外看 , look through仔细查看,
48. be ready for =getready for=prepare for为…, be ready准备好 ,
49. be (get ) ready todo sth.准备做某事,乐意做某事
50. translate…into…将…译成…,
51. take a message捎个信, leavea message留个信,
52. be good for 对…有好处, begood at =do well in擅长于…
53. be poor at =be badat =do badly in=be weak in不擅长… Think of想起,
54. think about想出, think over仔细考虑,
55. else修饰不定代词something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,
56. nobody和who, what,when,where时放后,
四说,1,speak说语言,2.say说内容,3,talk与谁说,4,tell告诉,讲述,
四看,1,watch观看电视,比赛和表演,2,see看人,电影,医生,风景,
3,read看书,报,4,look就看。 看场电影要用see,读书看报用read 电视、戏剧、比赛,凡是表演用watch,observe细观察,一时注意用notice.
make+宾语+补足语(形容词)使某人某物怎么样。
.make+宾语+do 让某人做某事
make+宾语+过去分词 使某人被怎么样;make friends with sb.与某人交朋友,
hear of听说, hear from收到某人的来信,
be bad for对…有害, it is+adj.+of sb +to do sth.写性格,品质 kind, good
nice,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等。
It is+adj+for sb+to do sth. 对物的评价difficult,easy hard,dangerous,important,等
write to…给…写信, next to 在…旁边,
do some concerts办音乐会, speak to sb.和某人讲话,
say hello to sb. 给某人问好, saybye to sb.向某人说再见,
show sb. aroundsomewhere带某人参观某地,
learn sth from sb.向某人学习
choose the correctanswers选择正确答案, correct the mistakes改错,
match …with…把…和…搭配起来
建议:1.why don't you do sth?=why not do sth?
2.How about doing sth?=what about doingsth?
3.You should /can do sth. 4.Remember to do sth.
5.Don't forget to do sth. 6.can you do sth ?
7.Let's do sth. 8.It'sa good idea to do
9.would you like to do ? 10.Shall we do
11.You'd better (not )do sth.
回答:That's a good idea.Thanks a lot.
Great, OK. That's right. All right. Good idea. Sure.
同类比较except,加for异类记心间。
He's compositionis good,except for some spelling mistakes.
他的这篇作文写得很好,只是有几处拼写错误。(非同类比较用exceptfor)
She was all alonein the world except for an old aunt.除了有一个老姑妈,她别无亲人。
Anna feltdisappointed when she found out they had gone swimming withouther.(without=except)当安娜发现除她外,他们都去游泳了,她感到很失望。
Lion Head Hill isnot worth seeing except for its old temples.
除了那些古寺以外,狮头山没什么可看的。
Among otherthings,we are interested in drawing.
我们对图画和别的一些东西很感兴趣。(among之内即包括在内)
原状because of,owing to,due to表语形容词
例:Owing to our joint efforts,the task wasfulfilled ahead of schedule.
由于我们的共同努力,任务提前完成了。
注:Owing to和because of都做原因状语,而due to只能做表语形容词。所以此句。owing to的介词短语做原因状语。
AII ourachievements are due to the correct leadership of our Party.
我们的一切成绩都归功于党。(due to做表语形容词)
Under后接修、建中,of,from物化分
例:The road is under repair now.这条路正在修建中。
The now railway isstill under construction.新铁路尚在修筑中。(不能用in)
under discussion在讨论中(不能用in)under considerate在考虑中(不能用in)
The desk is madeof wood.桌子是木头做的。(物理变化用of)
The wine is madefrom grape.这种酒是用葡萄酿造的。(化学变化用from)
The bridge is madeof steel.这座桥是钢制的。(物理变化)
Steel is made fromiron.钢是由铁炼成的。(化学变化)
before,after表一点,ago,later表示一段
即before,after常表示一个点的时间状语,而ago,later常表示一段的时间状语。
例如:前天the day before yesterday;前年the year before last;大上星期theweek before last等等都表示点状语的。
要想准确无误地使用好before和ago,after和later比较困难,但要是以"点"和"段"来区别就容易得多。
例:晚饭前before supper
解放前before liberation 1970年前before 1970
“”前before cultural revolution
国庆前before National Day
入大学前before coming to college
这些都是"点"状语,因为1970年前即1970年1月1日前。国庆节即10月1日前。#p#副标题#e#
ago表示一段时间。
例:一分钟前a minute ago
半小时前half an hour ago
两天前two days ago
一星期前a week ago
五年前five years ago
因为a minute,half an hour,two days,a week,fiveyears等都表示一段时间,所以用ago。以及ten dayslater等皆如此。
before可接完成时,ago过去级有限
这时的before是连词(也可做介词)
例:We had scarcely left our school before itbegan to rain.
我们刚离开学校,天就下雨了。(完成时)
I had studiedFrench for four months before Icame here.
我来这儿以前就已学了四个月法语了。(before接完成时)
He fell ill threedays ago.
他病了三天了。(ago则只能接动词过去式,同时注意瞬间动词的问题。)
He left two monthsago.两个月前他离开了。(同上)
I met her afewminutes ago.我在几分钟前碰到他了。(同上)
Since以来during间,since时态多变换
与之相比beside,除了last butone。
即beside的一般用法是"在…旁边",但还有"和…相比"等特殊用法。
例:I felt so weak in spoken English besidethem.和他们相比,我感到我的口语太差。
Beside work andstudy,all else was trivial.同工作和学习比起来,其他一切都是小事。
除了last but one,即but多指"除了"的意思,也有"倒数第几"的意思。last but one即不是最后一个。
例:I haven't told anybody but one.除了我爱人,我谁也没告诉。(除了)
Who but afoolwould study foreign language well if he is ahard working one.
如果他勤奋好学的话,除了傻瓜谁都能学好外语。(除了)
Look at the lastpage but one.请看倒数第2页。
He was the lastbut three in maths examination this time.他这次数学考试成绩倒数第四。
They live in thenext house but one.他们住在隔壁过去一家。
复不定for、找,价,原,对,给,段,去,为,作,赞
复不定for,即用for引出的不定式复合结构,也就是for加名(代)加不定式;找,意为找到,提供;价,意为价格、工资;原,意为原因;段,意为时间或距离;去,意为去某地或开往某地;作,意为作为;赞,意为赞成(用于系表结构。)
例:It is high time for us to start.我们不该再迟延了。
The most urgentthing is for us to get the preparation done.
最重要的事情是我们要把准备工作做好。
I don't think itadvisable for him to study medicine.我想她学医不适合。
Your parents andrelatives are anxious for you to go to college.
你的父母和亲戚渴望你上大学。
My home town haschanged too much for me to recognize.
我的家乡变化太大,简直认不出来了。
以上例句都是for在不定式复合结构中的用法。
Someone is askingfor you on the telephone.有人找你接电话。(找)
You'd better writeto me for more information about it.
如需更多这方面的资科和信息,你最好给我写信。(提问,索要)
They worked in thecompany for 200 yuan amonth.他们在这个公司干活,每月嫌200元。(价格)
How much did youpay for the second-hand colour TV?这台用过的彩电你花了多少钱?(价格)
Thank you verymuch for your coming.谢谢您的光临。(原因)
Thank you for yourwarm hospitality.谢谢您的热情款待。(原因)
Forgive me forbeing tardy.请原谅我迟到了。(原因)
I'm much obligedto you for telling me.非常感谢你给我谈了这个情况。(原因)
We have boundlessadmiration for your struggle.对你们的斗争我们无限钦佩。(对)
Listeningcomprehension materials are good for training our minds.
听力材料对训练我们的脑子根有好处。(对)
Take the bittermedicine.It's good for you.吃下这药吧,对你有好处。(对)
There is atelegramfor 这有一份王先生的电报。(给)
May Iuse it foraminute?我用一会儿好吗?(一段时间)
I followed thestealer for some distance.我跟踪那个小偷一段路。(一段距离)
The ship was forDalian.这破船开往大连。(去某地)
We are off forShanghai tomorrow.明天我们去上海。(去某地)
The medicine isfor reducing your temperature.这药是退烧的。(为…目的)
Afterbreakfast,I'll go for astroll round the town.
吃完饭我要在城里到处走走。(为…目的)
I'll keep thelighter given by aforeign friend for asouvenir.
我要把外宾送给我的打火机作为纪念。(作为)
It is only meantfor ajoke.这只是当笑话说说罢了。(作为)
We are all forcutting down the cost of production.我们都赞成降低生产成本。(赞成)
快到、对、向towards,工、学、军、城、上、北、南
例:It's getting on towards the end of termnow.现在已快到学期未了。(快到)
Towards midnightmy husband came back.快到半夜了我的丈夫才回来。(快到)
Our teacher wasvery lenient towards us.我们的老师对我们很松。(对)
What you haveinvented is really abig contribution towards our company.
你所发明的对我们公司确实是一大贡献。(对)
The boy camerunning towards his mother.那个男孩向他母亲跑去。(向着)
所谓工、学、军、城、上、北、南,是说up和down的用法。这也是汉英翻译时要注意的。例如:招工,上大学,参军,进城,
上山,向北方等都属于up。而相反的下乡,向南,落榜等都属于down。"大军南下,北上抗日"大概由此而来。
but for否定用虚拟,复合介词待后言。
but for是"若不是"的意思。
例:But for our great Communist Party,we couldnever have today's happiness.
若没有伟大的共产党,我们决不会有今天的幸福生活。
But for thischemical the vapour inside the system would not have been absorbed socompletely.若没有这个化学剂的作用,系统内的蒸汽不可能被吸收得这么彻底。#p#副标题#e#
but for将在虚拟语气中详讲。
例:in general一般说来
in short简言之
in other words换言之
in my opinion依我看
in simple words简言之
on the whole基本上
for instance例如
for short简称
after all毕竟
above all首先
此外考试中常出现的成语前置词也须牢记其用法。
by appearance从外表
by the aid of借…的帮助
by far…得多
by course of…照…常例
by reason of由于
by request应邀
by right of由于凭借
out of date过时
out of harmonywith与…不一致
out of harmonywith摆脱困境
out of bounds超出权限
out of proportionto与…不相称
out of reach力量不及
out of one's wits不知所措
out of question没问题
out of thequestion不可能的
to agreat extent很大程度上
to one's taste合…胃口
to one's thinking据…看来
to one's heart'scontent尽情地
to the utmost尽力
behind schedule不准时
behind the times过时的
behind the curtain在幕后
within reach能力所及
within ahair'sbreadth差-点
within astone'sthrow of在附近
beyond description无法形容
beyond reason毫无道理
beyond reproach无可指责
beyond one'sexpectation超出…范围
beyond expression无法表达
ing型由于、鉴,除了,除外与包含。
之后,关于,在…方面,有关介词须记全。
最后,英语中v.-ing分词转化而成的特殊介词,更须注意,根据其语法功能,把它们同现在分词,动名词和连同区分开来。即:
respecting由于,鉴于;considering由于,鉴于;excepting除了;concerning关于;excepting for除外;excluding除外;without excepting sb.包含;including包括,包含;following在…之后;regarding关于;respecting在…方面;concerning有关;
例:considering由于;
Considering thattable salt is the commonest source of sodium in food,the diet usually calls foreating salt-free foods.由于食盐是钠在食物中普遍的来源,医生给病人规定的,饮食通常要求吃无盐食品。
respecting鉴于:
Respecting theheavy rain,we had to put off the match.
鉴于下大雨,我们不得不推迟了这场比赛。
excepting除了:
excepting可单独使用,可以与always或否定词not连用,也可以与for,without之类介词连用。
Excepting one ofhis close friends,they were present at the party.
除了他的一个挚友外,他们都来赴宴了。
He is an honestman,excepting for his quick temper.
他是个老实人,只是("除了"脾气暴躁。(同类比较except,加for异类记心间)。
Everybody is inhigh spirits,always excepting him.大家都情绪高昂,唯他"除外"(例外)。
Only afewsurvivors without excepting him were living in the settlement.
包括他在内,只有几个幸存者住在新拓居地。
including包含:
The new apartmentconsists of three rooms including the kitchen.
这套公寓有三间,包括厨房。
following在…之后:相当于after The week following his first visit to thenewsroom he was appointed editor of the important column.在拜访该报社编辑部的"第二个"星期,他放任命为该报重要专栏的主笔。
regarding关于:相当于about Regarding research investment and number ofresearchers engaged in this field of research,the an overwhelming positionfollowed by Japan."关于"投入该领域研究的投资额和研究人员的数量,美国占压倒优势,其次是日本。
respecting在…方面:
Respectingeducation,health,medical care as well as production and labor technologicaldevelopment will have to be evaluated with due thought given to social systemsand humanism."在"教育、卫生、生产劳动"方面",评价技术的发展需根据社会制度和人道主义。
concerning有关:
The following aresome of the arguments both pros and cons concerning computers,thinking,andartificial intelligence.下面是"有关"计算机、思维和人工智能方面持赞成和反对态度的一些论据。
当然,这些ing型的介词,在句子中也有分词、动名词和连词的语法功能。excluding和including,表示排除与包含。
Last year Britishsales to the region were more than$8 billion,while French exports,excludingarms brought in around$3 billion.去年,英国对这个地区的销售额达80多亿美元,而法国的出口额(武器除外)约为30亿美元。
Stress may depletevitamin Cin your body,as can smoking,drinking and avariety of drugs,notexcepting aspirin.生活紧张会耗尽你体内的维生素C,正如吸烟、饮酒、服用某些药物(包括阿斯匹林)一样。
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一、重点词汇
1、make
make +宾语+动词原形 He made us stay with him.
make +宾语+ 形容词 He tried to make his mother happy
make +宾语+名词- He made me his friend.
make +宾语+介词短语 He asked us to make ourselves at home.
make +宾语+过去分词 What made him so frightened?
2、seem
Seem+形容词 English seems a little difficult.
Seem to do He doesn’t seem to have any friends.
=It seems that he doesn’t have any friends.
It seems as if they were in a dream.
3、suggest
suggest+名词、代词
suggest doing建议做某事
suggest sb do 建议某人做某事
4、refuse to do sth拒绝做某事
5、beat 打败,后接运动员、球队、对手
win 接比赛、战争,奖项
6、avoid doing sth避免做某事
7、depend
depend on sb 依赖
depend on sth 依…而定
8、on one’s own独自
of one’s own 某人自己的
9、have problem with …在哪一方面有麻烦
have problem/trouble/difficulty (in)doing,其中trouble/difficulty是不可数名词,前面用no/much/some/little any修饰
10、come up出现,发生
1)发芽,In March, lots of plants begin to come up.
2)太阳升起
3)发生,出现I'll let him know if anything comes up.
4)被提及A number of questions came up at the meeting.
11、in order to、to+动词原形、so as to,so…that.so that,in order that
in order to、to+动词原形、so as to引导目的状语从句,有时为了表示强调,也可把in order to,to do放在句首,否定形式是in order not to,so as not to
12、as well as并且,还,可与not only…but also互换,但是as well as强调前面的内容,not only…but also强调后面的内容
1)连接两个并列成分He as well as his friends likes going shopping.
2)as well as还可以表示“和…一样好”,well是副词,用于修饰实义动词。
3)as well 可单独做副词,表示“也”,位于句末。
13、such adj. 如此,这样
so +adj.+a/an+单数名词
such+a/an+adj.+单数名词
such +adj.+复数名词、不可数名词,
当adj.是many/much/few/little时用so
14、倒装句
So + be/助动词/情态动词+主语“某人或某物也一样”
I will go there tomorrow. So will she.
So +主语+be/助动词/情态动词 “的确如此”
"It was very cold yesterday.""昨天很冷。"
"So it was.""的确如此。"
对于上述两种情况,当前一句是否定句时, so须改用neither或nor。
15、besides,but,except和except for
besides:除了......还包括He has another car besides this.
but与except同义,但but多用在every,any,no等和由这些词构成的复合词
except:除了;例句:Except you, there is no one can help me. 除了你没人能帮我
except for:在一类中除去另一类,Smith is a good man, except for his bad temper
二、语法知识
1、宾语从句
宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如:
I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
I think (that) you will like this school soon.
Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?
Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.#p#副标题#e#
宾语从句的时态
主句 | 宾语从句 |
一般现在时 | 一切时态 |
一般过去时 | 过去范畴的某一时态(一般过去时;过去进行时;过去完成时;过去将来时) |
如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。
I don’t think (that) you are right.
Please tell us where he is.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时, 过去进行时, 过去将来时,过去完成时)。例如:
He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
He asked if you had written to Peter.
知识拓展:
宾从的主语与主句的主语(或宾语)相同时,可把从句替换为“疑问词 + to do”
①.I haven’t decided where I will go =I haven’t decided where to go
②.He asked me what I bought = He asked me what to buy.
2、状语从句
★ 时间状语从句
1)由 when,as soon as ,before 等引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来时间。
2)带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里,如果主句用肯定式,其含义是“一直到……时”,谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式,其含义是“直到……才……”, “在……以前不……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如:
The young man read till the light went out.
We won’t start until Bob comes.
★ 条件状语从句
1)条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则,一般现在时表示将来时间。
2)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。
Hurry up, or you’ll be late. =If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.
★ 结果状语从句
结果状语从句由so…that, such…that, so that
此知识点牵扯到重点词汇中的 so +adj.+a/an+单数名词
such+a/an+adj.+单数名词
such +adj.+复数名词、不可数名词,
当adj.是many/much/few/little时用so
3、to do 和doing做宾语
常考的动词后加-ing.
1. Enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事
2. Like doing sth 喜欢做某事
3. Have fun doing sth 玩得开心
4. Practice doing sth 练习做某事
5. Spend doing sth 花费时间做某事(主语是人)
6. Keep doing sth 保持一直做某事
7. How about doing sth 做某事怎么样(表建议)
8. What about doing sth 做某事怎么样(表建议)
9. Have a difficulty doing sth 做某事有困难
10. Have a good time doing sth 玩得开心
11. Feel like doing sth 想要做某事
12. Can’t help doing sth 禁不住做某事
13. start doing sth 开始做某事
14. go on doing sth 继续做某事
15. mind doing sth 介意做某事
16. finish doing sth 完成做某事
17. be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
18. see/hear sb doing 看到/听到某人正在做某事
19. remember doing sth 记住曾做过某事
20. forget doing sth 忘记曾做过某事
21. try doing sth 做某事试试看有何效果
22. mean doing sth 意味着做某事
23. can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事
24. stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事
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1. 一般将来时
a) 一般将来时的构成:由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成,shall用于第一人称。在口语中,will在名词或代词后常简略为’ll, will not常简略为won’t。
2 .形容词,副词的比较等级考查热点透视:
a) 表示A与B在程度上相同时, “as+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。表示A不如B时,可用“not as/so+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。
b) 表示A比B在程度上“更…..”时,可用“形容词或副词的比较级+than”结构
c) 表示三者或三者以上的比较,其中一个在程度上“最…..”时,常用“the+形容词或副词的最高级”结构,后面可带“of/in的短语”来说明比较的范围。(注意:副词的最高级在句中常省略“the”.)
d) 在形容词或副词的比较级前,可以用“a little, even, far, much,still”的等词语来修饰,以加强语气。
e) 表示“越来越….”时,常用“形容词或副词的比较级+and+形容词或副词的比较级”结构,但要注意,对于多音节和部分双音节形容词,副词而言,若要表达此意时,要用“more and more+形容词或副词的原级“结构。
f) 在表示“其中最….之一“的含义时,常使用 “one of+the+形容词最高级形式+名词复数”结构,其中的定冠词the不可以省略。
g) 如果强调“两者中比较…的(一个)”的意思时,可使用“the+形容词比较级+其它”结构。
h) 表示“越….越….”, 可使用“the+形容词或副词的比较级,the+形容词或副词的比较级”结构。
4.more, less, fewer的用法区别:more为many, much的比较级,意为“更多”,可修饰可数与不可数名词。Less是little的比较级,意为“更好,较少”,修饰不可数名词。Fewer是few的比较级,意为“更少”,修饰可数名词复
Ø Such这样的。如It is such bad weather.天气如此恶劣。
Ø Such常和as搭配,表示一种类别。如We enjoy such a voice as hers.我们喜欢象她那样的嗓子。
Ø Such常和表示结果的that从句搭配,表示“如此….以至于…”如
It was such a hot day that we all had to stay at home.
Ø Such…that…和so…that…都可用来引出一个结果状语从句。由于such是形容词,所以that从句前有一个受such修饰的名词;而so 是副词,用以修饰形容词或副词,因此that从句前一般不出现名词。如
a) 如果名词是可数名词的单数形式,such和so的位置不同:
b) 如果名词是不可数名词或名词复数,只可用such,不能用so.:
such+形容词+不可数名词或复数名词
c) 如果被修饰的不可数名词被much, little, 或复数名词被many, few等表示量的形容词修饰时,用so,不用such.
d) 当little表示“年纪小的”时,可用such+little+名词。
7.be able to 为“能,会”,表示能力,在这个意义上与can的意思相同,一般情况下两者可以互换,但can只有现在式和过去式(could)而be able to则用于更多的时态,主要体现在be的变化。两者在用法上有一些差异:can (could)表示主观能力不表示意愿,它的将来时用will be able to而 be able to表示主观意愿强调克服困难做某事。
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到目前为止,我们已经学习了以下几种时态:
(1)一般过去时:表示在过去某个时候发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示在过去某段时间里经常发生的习惯性动作。
Did you go there last week?
I went to see my uncle yesterday.
(2)一般现在时:表示经常、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。
We study hard at school every day.
He goes to school by bike.
(3)一般将来时:表示在将来会发生的动作或存在的状态。
I’ll come to see you next Sunday.
She is babysitting her sister this weekend.
We are going to Wuhan next Monday.
(4)现在进行时:表示在说话时或现阶段正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
Is she listening to music?
He is having a meeting.
(5)过去进行时:表示在过去某个时间正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
What was she doing when you came in?
They were watching TV when I went into the room.
(6)现在完成时:表示在说话时刚刚结束的某一动作或状态。
I have learned English for 5 years.
Have you ever been to Singapore?
(7)现在完成进行时:表示某一在过去开始,一直延续到现在,有可能刚刚结束,也有可能要继续下去的动作。
We have been skating for two hours.
She has been learning Chinese since she came to China.
注意各种时态的构成形式和不同功能。
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时间:大年初二、初三
方法:如果2014年运气不好或很倒霉的人,可准备一张白纸,一面写2014年不如意的事,另一面面写“千灾万劫化灰烬、好运好事速速来”,至少念三遍:“六壬!六壬!迅速显灵、去我霉运。”我们特别提醒:以长江为界,南方的朋友用开水冲向北方或东方,北方的朋友冲向南方或西方即可摆脱衰运、好事来临。注意:将纸条烧了用开水泡上往所指的方向泼出去即可。此法被很多海外华人所采用。
3、盘点各地回门禁忌
回门又称“归宁”,亦即“回娘家”。回门禁忌也多是关于新妇的禁忌,不过是指新妇在回娘家方面的禁忌事项。
河南一带,除了上文提到的正月十五禁忌回娘家看灯以外,还忌祭灶,正月初一回娘家。因为女不祭灶,所以祭灶日亦不叫闺女回娘家。正月初一是一年之始,嫁出去的闺女泼出去的水,嫁到夫家便是夫家的人了。大年伊始,阖家团圆,自然不便回娘家去。正月十五也是一年之中第一个月圆日,恐媳妇回娘家举家不团圆。所以一般都是正月初二回娘家,正月十六回娘家。以便照顾到婚姻双方的团圆喜庆。鹿邑县有“正月十六请(闺女),二月二送,一辈子不生病”的俗语。
浙江等地,旧时忌新妇在冬至节回门。否则以为将克死其夫家家长。俗谚云:“娘屋住个冬,夫家去个公。”江苏也有此俗。不过,理由不同,谓如冬至在娘家过,则娘家家道将因之而衰落。
陕北一带有六月六回娘家的习俗,传说是为了联络姻亲间的感情,届时娘家要请闺女、女婿回门团聚。河南也有此俗,不过,是与收麦打场的季节相联系的。俗谣云:“收了麦,打罢场,谁家的闺女不看娘。要是闺女不把娘来看,不死公公就死婆母娘。”
回门时日的禁忌,是要让新妇遵守往来之序,不该回门时一定不能回门,否则会有凶事发生;该回门时,一定要回门,否则,也会有凶事发生。一般结婚三日时,新郎新娘要回门看望二老,但是当晚必须在日落前返回夫家,因为新婚不能空新房。河南林县一带,新妇三天回门时要顺着迎亲的那条道走,所谓“三天不走两条路”。彝族新妇回门时忌在路上与新郎交谈,两人像陌生的路人一样。这与其不落夫家习俗有关。
汉族回门时小两口总是亲亲热热,有说有笑的。民间有“回娘家”的小调流行。新婚夫妇回门带的礼物,都是成双成对的,忌单数。娘家不能全收下,待回夫家时,还要再捎回去一部分。
一般新婚满一个月之后,姻亲间便可自由往来。回门时,新娘可住在娘家。住的天数颇有讲究。河南一些地区有几日去的住几天的习俗。俗语云:“八对八,两头发”,“九对九,两头有”。就是说初八日归宁的就可在娘家住八天,初九日归宁的就可在娘家住九天。这样,最多的时日是住个对月。如果是按这样住的,对男、女两家都是吉利的,否则便不好。不过,也有忌住八天之说,所谓:“住七不住八,住八穷娘家。”这一禁忌的形成一般是出于嫁出去的闺女不易在娘家多住的思想考虑。其中有感情的限制、道义的制约,也有经济的压力和生产的需求,是多种因素促成了这一习俗的约定。
如果新郎和新娘一起回娘家,那么,他们在娘家的住宿也有不同的禁忌。在汉族和满族中都有新婚夫妇回娘家忌同房的习俗。
新妇归宁,忌把在婆家遇到的不顺心事一一说给娘家人听,又忌回到婆家,再把娘家的事不分轻重地都倒给婆家人听。这样“学舌”的结果常常会引起事端,影响男女两家的关系,新妇也会落一个“饶舌婆”的名声。因而俗间有“会当媳妇两头瞒,不会当媳妇两头传”的谚语。这在新妇处理男女两家关系方面也确实是很有实用价值的经验。#p#副标题#e#
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盘点各地回门禁忌
回门又称“归宁”,亦即“回娘家”。回门禁忌也多是关于新妇的禁忌,不过是指新妇在回娘家方面的禁忌事项。
河南一带,除了上文提到的正月十五禁忌回娘家看灯以外,还忌祭灶,正月初一回娘家。因为女不祭灶,所以祭灶日亦不叫闺女回娘家。正月初一是一年之始,嫁出去的闺女泼出去的水,嫁到夫家便是夫家的人了。大年伊始,阖家团圆,自然不便回娘家去。正月十五也是一年之中第一个月圆日,恐媳妇回娘家举家不团圆。所以一般都是正月初二回娘家,正月十六回娘家。以便照顾到婚姻双方的团圆喜庆。鹿邑县有“正月十六请(闺女),二月二送,一辈子不生病”的俗语。
浙江等地,旧时忌新妇在冬至节回门。否则以为将克死其夫家家长。俗谚云:“娘屋住个冬,夫家去个公。”江苏也有此俗。不过,理由不同,谓如冬至在娘家过,则娘家家道将因之而衰落。#p#副标题#e#
陕北一带有六月六回娘家的习俗,传说是为了联络姻亲间的感情,届时娘家要请闺女、女婿回门团聚。河南也有此俗,不过,是与收麦打场的季节相联系的。俗谣云:“收了麦,打罢场,谁家的闺女不看娘。要是闺女不把娘来看,不死公公就死婆母娘。”
回门时日的禁忌,是要让新妇遵守往来之序,不该回门时一定不能回门,否则会有凶事发生;该回门时,一定要回门,否则,也会有凶事发生。一般结婚三日时,新郎新娘要回门看望二老,但是当晚必须在日落前返回夫家,因为新婚不能空新房。河南林县一带,新妇三天回门时要顺着迎亲的那条道走,所谓“三天不走两条路”。彝族新妇回门时忌在路上与新郎交谈,两人像陌生的路人一样。这与其不落夫家习俗有关。
汉族回门时小两口总是亲亲热热,有说有笑的。民间有“回娘家”的小调流行。新婚夫妇回门带的礼物,都是成双成对的,忌单数。娘家不能全收下,待回夫家时,还要再捎回去一部分。
一般新婚满一个月之后,姻亲间便可自由往来。回门时,新娘可住在娘家。住的天数颇有讲究。河南一些地区有几日去的住几天的习俗。俗语云:“八对八,两头发”,“九对九,两头有”。就是说初八日归宁的就可在娘家住八天,初九日归宁的就可在娘家住九天。这样,最多的时日是住个对月。如果是按这样住的,对男、女两家都是吉利的,否则便不好。不过,也有忌住八天之说,所谓:“住七不住八,住八穷娘家。”这一禁忌的形成一般是出于嫁出去的闺女不易在娘家多住的思想考虑。其中有感情的限制、道义的制约,也有经济的压力和生产的需求,是多种因素促成了这一习俗的约定。
如果新郎和新娘一起回娘家,那么,他们在娘家的住宿也有不同的禁忌。在汉族和满族中都有新婚夫妇回娘家忌同房的习俗。
新妇归宁,忌把在婆家遇到的不顺心事一一说给娘家人听,又忌回到婆家,再把娘家的事不分轻重地都倒给婆家人听。这样“学舌”的结果常常会引起事端,影响男女两家的关系,新妇也会落一个“饶舌婆”的名声。因而俗间有“会当媳妇两头瞒,不会当媳妇两头传”的谚语。这在新妇处理男女两家关系方面也确实是很有实用价值的经验。
要起个大早
年初二的SHOPPING会比较集中在上午完成,因为要在午餐之前到达娘家,和娘家人一起吃中午饭,所以年初二这天,最好起个大早,心里先盘算一下买什么比较好,然后一出门就直奔目的地,买到称心如意的回娘家礼品。
其次,买饼干、糖果。按习俗,年初二女儿回娘家,要置办一大袋的饼干、糖果,由母亲分送给街坊邻里,家里实在穷的,也要准备四块饼干。现在,没有人会准备四块饼干就回娘家拜年,不过,买的内容却依然没变,仍然以饼干和糖果类最为常见。
初二开年饭也是广州人新年的大事,大年初一过后,大部分家庭都会在年初二准备开年,开年饭在新的一年进行第一次祭祀仪式,传统上此日子颇受重视。中国人每逢祭祀时都离不开一顿丰富的饭菜,而开年又是新年中的大事,祈求新一年事事顺利。
应在何时吃开年饭?
开年虽然定于年初二,但祭祀的时间各家不同,有些家庭选择在年初一刚过,年初二的凌晨进行祭祀仪式及准备开年饭,这纯粹是风俗习惯,不必严格执行,但要注意年初二也不一定是好日,如果适逢岁破,就要选在吉的时辰来进行。在这上香拜神后,一家人就可一起吃开年饭。
开年饭要有哪些菜式?
传统开年饭要准备的食物,不外乎是鱼、生菜、烧肉和鸡,最好是齐备九种开年菜式,象征“发财好市”。如果是经商者,和员工一起吃开年饭,适合在饭桌中央摆放“发财好市”(即发菜蚝豉),象征生意越做越好。
钱有钱规
回娘家要把所带现金送完
年初二,最大的习俗就是回娘家。回到娘家,看到小孩,女儿和女婿都要给红包,看到娘家的小孩都要给。给到什么程度呢?一般的礼俗是当天身上带的现金送完为止。所以,有的姑爷为了这红包可就头痛了,带多了给出去心疼,带少了没面子。最好,就是先预备好,估计娘家有几个红包要给,不能漏,可以多准备两份。这样可以有备无患了。至于红包里放多少钱,就丰俭由人了,有钱的可以多放点,钱少的可以少放点,问题不大,不过,有一点要注意的是,给外舅的红包要大一些,不能跟其它小孩一样。
年初二的另一个风俗是,如果你是做生意的,就不能随便请人吃鸡了。以前,老板如果决定解雇某一伙计,即趁初二打牙祭时,请大家吃餐饭,吃时桌中必有一只鸡,老板把鸡夹给谁就是辞退谁,无情可讲,所以叫做“无情鸡”。对要回娘家的女儿来说,这天一定要早起,意味着一年都会勤勤快快的。另外,不能空手回娘家,一定要有糖有饼,如果家里亲戚多的,还要多准备一些。
特别提醒:
1、大年初二忌洗衣:水有水神,水神的生日在初一、初二,因此这两天不要洗衣服。
2、大年初二白天不可午睡,否则整年度都会很懒惰,其中的含意是因为过年期间有很多客人到家里拜年,如果睡午觉的话对人很失礼。
3、大年初二忌倒污水、垃圾,扫地:过年期间不要从事洒扫的工作,因为这样容易把家中的财气扫掉。
4、大年初二忌被他人自口袋掏取对象,这样表示整年度钱财都会被人家掏走。
5、大年初二忌向人讨债:过年期间不管是被要债或者是跟人家要债的人在一整年间都会很倒霉,因此忌讳向人讨债。
6、大年初二,女儿回娘家忌回门礼为单,由于传统上认为单数不吉利,女婿带回娘家的礼物必需成双。
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