为您找到与初一上学期知识点归纳英语相关的共200个结果:
Unit 1
1、Good morning/ afternoon / evening早上/下午/晚上好
Good night 晚安(晚上告别)
2、glad / nice to meet / see you 见到你很高兴(回答也一样)
3、 welcome to + 地点欢迎来到…… (回答:Thank you 或者Thanks)
4、 let’s + V(原) 让我们做……
5、 stand up 起立sit down 坐下
6、 this is ... -这是…… (用于介绍第三者的用语)
7、 How do you do ?你好 (回答也是:How do you do ? )
8、 How are you ? 你好吗? Fine, thank you, and you?很好;谢谢;你呢?
I’m OK / I’m fine, too. 我也很好。
9、see you = see you later = see you soon =good-bye 再见
10、excuse me打扰一下;请问
11、 I’m … = my name is …我是……
12、be from = come from 来自
13、in English 用英语
14、Can you spell it ? Yes /No 你能拼写它吗? 能/不能
15、That’s OK / That’s all right / You’rewelcome / Not at all不用谢
16、…… years old ……岁
17、ewtelephone number 电话号码 QQnumber QQ号码 ID number 身份证
18、the same (相同的) 反义词是 different (不同的)
例: We are in the same grade, but we are indifferent classes.
句型:
1. What is yourname?你的名字是什么?
2. Where +be + 主语 + from? 或者
Where +助动词(do/does)+主语+come from?
某人来自于哪里?(回答:主语+be+地点)
Where are you from? =Where do you come from?
回答:I am from Zhaoqing. =I come from Zhaoqing.
3. How old + be + 主语?某人几岁? (回答:主语 + be + 数字 )
例: How old are you? I’m fourteen (years old).
4. What is your telephonenumber? 你的电话号码是多少?
(回答:My telephone number is ... 或者It’s ... )
注意:读出号码的时候要逐个读出。
5. What class / grade +be + 主语 + in ? 某人在哪一个班级/年级?
例:What class are you in? Iam in Class Five.
What grade are you in? Iam in Grade Seven.(注意大写)
6. What’s this/ that (in English) ?这是什么?(回答:It’s a/an +单数名词. 这是……)
What’ re these/ those (in English) ? 这些是什么?(回答:They’re + 复数名词 这些是……)
7. How do you spell it ?你怎么拼写它? E-R-A-S-E-R, eraser.(注意拼读方法)
Unit 2
1、sb + has/ have ( an /a ) + adj + 五官=== sb’s 五官 is /are + adj (描述长相)
例:Lily has a small nose. = Lily’s nose is small.
2、 I know = I see 我明白了
3、 That’s right 那是对的/对了
4、 look the same look like 看起来相像look different 看起来不同
例: Jim and Lilei look the same.== Jim looks like Lilei. .
5、 look at + n看某物 look for +n 寻找某人/某物 look after +n 照顾某人
6、 both 两者都…… all 三者或者三者以上都……
Both 和 all位于 be动词或情态动词后,位于行为动词前。
例: We are both students.We both have black eyes. We can both speak English.
7、give sth to sb = give sb sth把某物给某人; (注意:如果sth是it或them,只能用前者)
8、have different looks ==look different有着不同的长相 (看起来不相像)
havethe same look. ==look the same 有着相同的长相 (看起来很相像)
9、over there在那边come in 请进go out 出去
10、 in + 颜色 或 in a/an/the +颜色 + 衣服表示穿着……颜色的衣服
常常接在名词的后面,表示穿 ...颜色衣服的…… 如 the girl in red is my sister.
11、 too + adj太……
12、 pants 和 shoes 做主语,谓语动词用复数;但a pair of pants/ shoes作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式
例: His shoes are black.A pair of shoes is under the bed.
13、 in the morning/ afternoom/evening 在早上/下午/晚上at night 在晚上
14、 go shopping = go to the shop=goto do some shopping 去购物
类似的有 go swimming go fishing go skating 等等
15、 help sb. ( to ) do sth == help sb with sth帮助某人做某事注意:sb 用代词时必须用宾格
16、 high school 中学
17、 play +球类play the 乐器
18、 think of 认为,想 think about 考虑 I think + 从句 我认为……
I think he you are right.否定式常否定主句,但翻译时要否定后面的从句
例:I don’t think he can come. 我认为他不会来了.(不能说:我不认为他会来)
句型:
1、 What do/does + 主语 + looklike ? 询问人的长相
例: What does your English teacher look like ?
2、 What’s ... -and ... --?……加……是什么?(回答:It’s ... --)
例:What’s red and yellow? It’s orange.
What’s two and five? It’s seven.
3、 Whose + 东西 + isthis/ that ?Whose + 东西 +are these/those ? 这/这些是谁的……?
例:Whose coat is this ? It is mine.
Whose shoes are these ? They are hers.
4、 Who is the letter from?这封信来自于谁?
It’s from Lily. 它来自于莉莉。
5、 What color be + 东西? (回答:It’s +颜色或者 They’er + 颜色)
例:What color is your dress? It’s black.
Unit 3
1、 Could you (please)…… (后接动词原形)你愿意做某事吗?
May I…… (后接动词原形)我能做某事吗?
2、the English corner 英语角
3、 live in + 地点 住在某地 live with + 人和某人住在一起
4、 What does he say in the letter?他在信里说了些什么?
What does he say on the photo? 他在电话里说了些什么?
5、 alot = very much 放在句末,修饰动词,非常……
例: I like the boy a lot/ very much.
not at all 一点也不……#p#副标题#e#
例: I don’t like the boy at all..
6、 each other 相互,彼此students often talk to each other in class.
7、 do sth with sb和某人一起做某事
8、 No problem 没问题
9、 speak + 语言说某种语言 speak Englishspeak Chinese
10、 the Great Wall 长城
11、come/go to + 地点 去某地 但home 、 here 、 there这些是副词,前面不能加to
例:go home / come here / go there
go to do sth 去做某事 例:They go to play basketball.
12、 like doingsth 喜欢做某事 = like to do sth 想要做某事
13、It’s + adj +to sb 对某人来说是……的
14、help sb with sth =help sb (to) do sth帮助某人某事
15、 be at home = be in 在家go home 回家 get home到家 in one’s home 在某人的家里
16、have a seat / take a seat / sit down请坐下
17、office worker办公室职员 cook 厨师 cooker炊具
18、on a farm在农场上 on the sofa 在沙发上
19、a photo of one’s family 某人的全家照 Family Tree 家谱(首字母都大写)
20、 in a hospital 在医院(纯属地点概念) inhospital 因病住院
例:He is ill in hospital. 他生病住院 Heis in a hospital.他在医院里 (不一定是因为生病来到医院)
21、 look after sb = take care of sb 照顾某人
22、 teach sb sth = teach sth to sb教某人某东西
teach sb to do sth 教某人做某事
21、 help oneself ( to sth. ) 请随便(吃……) help yourself/ yourselves (tofish)
22、 I’d like sth = I would like sth. 我想要……
24、 Would like to do sth = want to do sth 想要做某事
25、 Would you like something to eat (drink)? 你想要一些吃(喝)的东西吗?
to eat 或 to drink 修饰something,作为后置定语。
26、 Here you are . 给你Here we are. 我们到了
27、 What about …… == Howabout …… ……怎么样?
后接代词或名词,还可以接动名词(即 What about doing sth )
28、 all right 好的
29、 a cup of tea 一杯茶 two cups of tea 两杯茶
30、 milk for me 我要牛奶
31、 Why not ……(后接动词原形) = Why don’t you …… (后接动词原形)为什么不做某事呢?
回答:Goodidea好主意;
32、 May I take your order? 可以点菜了吗?
33、 wait a moment = just a moment = wait a minute(second) 等一下,请稍侯 wait for sb 等待某人
34、 Can I help you ?= May I help you ?= What can I do for you ? 需要点什么帮忙吗?
35、 eat out 出去吃饭
36、 let sb do sth让某人做某事
37、 have dinner/ breakfast/lunch/supper吃正/早/午/晚餐
38、 a kind of 一种…… all kinds of各种各样的……
39、 be friendly/kind to sb对某人友好
40、 such as 例如例:I likefruits, such as oranges,bananas and apples
41、be glad to do sth例: I am glad to meet you,I am glad to behere..
句型:
1、 What do/does + 主语+ do ? == What +be+ 主语. ? == What’s one’s job ?
回答:主语+ be + 职业.
例如: What does your father do? = What is your father? = What’s your father’s job?
He is a teacher.
Unit 4
1、 try on 试穿……
2、 we/I will take it我们/我买下了(这里的take 相当于buy)
3、 buy sth for sb = buy sb sth给某人买某物;
4、 I’m just looking我只是看看;
5、three hundred and sixty-five365(百位数和十位数之间加and , 十位数和个位数之间加”-“)
6、 a pair of一对/一双……
7、 running shoes跑鞋
8、 Are you kidding ? 你开玩笑吧;
9、 think about 考虑;
10、thank you all the same 仍然谢谢你;
11、Is that all? 就这么多吗? That’s all. 就这么多吧
I2、 I think so. 我认为是这样的. Idon’t think so. 我认为不是这样的.
13、 当把东西给某人时可以说: Here you are 或 Here be + 东西 或Here it is.
14、Don’t worry.别担心① worry about + 宾语 如:Do you worry about your leesson?
②Worried 烦恼的 be worried about +宾语如:She is worried about her mother.
15. a few +可数名词 (肯定);一点,一些;
few + 可数名词:(否定) 几乎没有
a little +不可数名词(肯定);一点,一些;
little + 不可数名词:(否定) 几乎没有#p#副标题#e#
16、be free = have time 有空的;反义词:be busy = have no time
I have no time. = Idon’t have any time. She has no time. =She doesn’t have any time.
Areyou free tomorrow? == Do you have time tomorrow ?
17、在某一天使用介词on , 在某个时刻用at 如:On Sundayat a half past six
当this 接时间,不用介词, this Sunday
18、What’s up = what’s wrong ? = What’s the matter 什么事?
19、 forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(事还没做)
forget doing sth忘记曾做过某事(事已做完)
20、 tell sb about sth. 告诉某人某事 tell sb sth = tell sth to sb 把某事告诉某人
ask/tell sb to do sth 叫某人做某事
否定形式:ask/tell sb not to do sth 叫某人不要做某事
21、 电话用语: ①Who’s this? 你是哪位? ② Is this ……你是……吗?
③This is ……(speaking)我是……④May I speak to……我可以找……吗?
22、 go for sth = go to do sth 去做某事如: go for to have class.
23、 It’s fun真是有趣的事
24、 call sb = give sb a call打电话给某人 call sb back 给某人回电话
25、 I’m afraid /sorry (that) + 从句恐怕……/ 对不起,……
26、 I have no time =I don’t have any time 我没有时间( no = not any )
27、 be not in = be not at home = be out 出去了,不在家;
28、 sing a song / sing some songs 唱歌;
fly a kite放风筝;draw picture 画画
play sports 做运动; watch TV 看电视
read books 看书 read newspaper看报纸
29、 let sb do sth (后接动词原形) 让某人做某事
30、 时间读法有顺读法和逆读法: 顺读法(eleven thirty-six 表示11:36)
逆读法(分钟数小于等于30分用 past ,
分钟数大于30分用to,如 five past ten 表示 10:05;five to ten 表示 9:55,
half past six 表示6:30 , a querter to six 表示 5:45)
31、 show sth to sb = show sb sth 把……拿给某人看; 作为名词表示演出,表演
32、祈使句的否定句,直接在句首加上Don't 就可以了
33、have to =must ……(后接动词原形) 不得不/必须……
48.It’s time for (doing) sth It’s time to do sth该到做……的时候了?
It’s time for sb to do sth 是某人做某事的时候了
33、 next time下一次 next week 下个星期the next day第二天;
34、 next to…… = near……在……旁边
35、 get up起床go to bed 上床睡觉; getsb up 叫某人起床
36、 doone’s homework做作业;
37、 have a picnic 野餐;have class 上课 have a meeting 开会 have a party 举办聚会
have dinner/ breakfast /lunch/supper吃正/早/午/晚餐 have +东西 吃/喝……
have a good time =enjoy oneself 玩得很愉快 have sb to do sth 让某人做某事
have to do sth 不得不……
38、on the weekday 在周末;
39、lot of = lots of = many =much 许多的,大量的
40、in the sun 在阳光下;
41、sb like --- best = sb’s favorite + 种类 is/ are …… 谁最喜欢……
42、 on one’s way to ... 在某人去……的路上;on one’s way home在某人回家的路上
43、 Here we are. 我们到了
44、 It’s very kind of you 你真是太好了;
45、 thanks / thank you for + n/v-ing 为……而感谢你;
46、. in the tree 在树上(外物附着) onthe tree在树上(树上本身长出的东西)
In the wall 在墙里(如 window ) on the wall 在墙上
句型:
1、 What do you think of ... ? = Howdo you like ... ? 你认为……怎么样?
例:What do you think of your English teacher ? == Howdo you like your English teacher ?
2、 How much be + 主语? ( 回答:It’s / They’re + 价钱.)
How much is your English book ?
问价格还可以用 what’s the price of ……
3、Why not ……(后接动词原形) = Why don’t you …… (后接动词原形)为什么不做某事呢?
回答:Good idea好主意;
4、 What time is it ? == What is the time? (回答:It’s +时间)
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Unit 1. what’s the matter?
一.重点短语归纳
1. have a sore back背疼2. have a cold 感冒
3. have a stomachache 胃疼
4. foot---feet 脚 <复> tooth---teeth 牙齿 <复>
5. have a sore throat喉咙疼
6. have a fever发烧
7. lie down and (have a)rest 躺下休息 have a rest 休息
8. hot tea with honey 加蜜的热茶
9. see a dentist 看牙医 see a doctor 看医生
10.drink lots of water多喝水
11.lots of ,a lot of, a lot
a lot of=lots of,可以修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词,一般用在肯定句中。:
There are lots of ( a lot of) books in our library.
There is a lot of water on the ground
a lot,是一个副词词组,跟动词连用;表示十分,很等意思; Thanks a lot.
12. have a toothache牙疼
13. That’s a good idea好主意
14. go to bed 去睡觉 go to bed early 早上床睡觉
15. feel well感到好 feel ill 感到不舒服
I don’t feel well= I’m not feeling well
我感觉不舒服.
16. start doing/ to do sth开始做某事
TO DO 是一件事情完成了,开始做另外一件事情
DOING是原来的那件事情做到一半,现在又开始做了,是同一件事情。
17. two days ago两天前
18. get some rest 多休息, 休息一会儿
19. I think so我认为是这样
20. be thirsty口渴
21. be hungry 饥饿
22. be stressed out紧张
23. listen to music听音乐
24. healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式
25. traditional Chinese doctors传统中医
26. need to do sth 需要做某事
I have a toothache. I need to see a dentist. 我牙痛, 我需要去看牙医.
We need to keep our classroom clean. 我们需要保持教室的干净.
27. a balance of yin and yang阴阳平衡
28. for example例如
29. too much yin太多的阴, 阴气太盛
too much + 不可数名词 太多的…
much too +形/副 实在太… 极其,非常
too many + 可数名词复数 太多的…
30.be good for sth./ doing sth. 对什么有益 ,对什么有好处
be bad for sth./ doing sth. 对什么有害
be good to 对…好
be good at =do well in 在……方面好,擅长
be good(bad) for、be good at的相关用法
1.be good for 对......有益
Doing morning exercises is good for your health.
做早操对你们的建康有益。
2.be good at 擅长于......
Li Ping is good at basketball.李平擅长于篮球。
= Li Ping is good at playing basketball.李平擅长于打篮球。
be good at = do well in 如:
I'm good at math. = I do well in math.我擅长于数学。
3.be good to 对......好
Parents are always good to their children.父母亲总是对他们的孩子好。
31.get good grades 取得好成绩
32.angry 用法
be angry with sb生某人的气
I was angry with him for keeping me waiting.
我对他很生气,因为他让我等了好久。
be angry at/ about sth 就某事生气
33.Chinese medicine 中药
34.be popular in + some place 在某地很流行
Chinese medicine is now popular in many western countries. 现在中药在许多西方国家受欢迎。
35.in western countries在西方国家
36.It’s easy to do sth做某事是容易的。 It’s important to do sth . 做某事很重要。
37.balanced diet平衡饮食
38.get tired 感到疲倦 be/get tired
39.go out at night在晚上出去
When you are tired, you shouldn’t go out at night. 疲倦时,晚上你不该外出
40.stay healthy 保持健康 =keep healthy=keep in good health
41.at the moment此时,此刻= now
I’m not feeling very well at the moment
42.enjoy sth. =like sth. (名词)喜欢某物,
enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事=like dong sth
enjoy oneself (myself, yourself,herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself
反身代词) 玩得高兴,过得愉快=have a good time = have a wonderful time =have fun
43. conversation practice会话练习
44. host family 寄宿家庭
45. have a lot of headaches经常疼痛
I’m tired and I have a lot of headaches. 我很疲劳,而且经常头痛。
46. a few + 可数名词复数 少许…
a little + 不可数名词/形/副 一点…
47.He shouldn’t eat anything
=He should eat nothing. 他不应当吃任何东西.
48.give sb some advice给某人建议give advice 提出建议
advice 是不可数名词
a piece of advice 一则建议 take one’s advice 采纳或听从某人的建议
He gave me some good advice.
他向我提了一些很好的意见。
49.sleep 8 hours a night每晚睡眠八小时
50.take medicine 吃药 服药
I have to take medicine three times a day for my cold.因为感冒,我不得不一天吃三次药。
二 固定结构
It’s +形 + for sb. + to do sth.
做某事对某人来说是…的。
It’s important to do sth .做某事很重要。
It’s important for me to eat a balanced diet. 平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的.
It’s easy to do sth做某事是容易的。
It’s easy for us to find out the answer. 找出答案对我们来说是容易的
三.重点句子
1.What’s the matter ? What’s the mater with you ? 你怎么啦?
=What’s the trouble with you?=What’s wrong with you?
I have a cold / have a sore back / have a stomachache
2.That’s too bad. You should / shouldn’t … 那太糟糕了. 你应该/不该…
You should lie down and rest/drink hot tea with honey / see a dentist / see a doctor .
He shouldn’t eat anything = He should eat nothing. 他不应当吃任何东西.
3.I’m not felling well . 这里well表示身体状况,不能用good代替
I don’t feel well= I’m not feeling well 我感觉不舒服.
4.When did it start ? About two days ago . 什么时候开始的?大约两天前
5.I hope you fell better soon . 我希望你很快好起来
这里better是well的比较级
6.Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy. 传统中医认为我们需要阴阳调和以保持身体健康。
这里 to be healthy是动词不定式短语,作目的状语
7.You should eat hot yang foods, like beef. 你应该吃一些像牛肉之类的阳性食物。
8.Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this.
吃党参和黄芪等草本植物也对这有好处。
9.People who are too stressed out and angry may have too much yang.
太紧张易怒的人或许吃了太多的阳性食物。too much后跟不可数名词,而too many后跟可数名词复数
10.It’s easy to have a healthy lifestyle ,and it’s important to eat a balanced diet . 有一个健康的生活方式很容易,饮食平衡是很重要的。
→ It’s easy to do sth . 做某事容易 / It’s important to do sth . 做某事重要
11.You should rest for a few nights. 你应该休息几个晚上
12.I study late every night, sometimes until 2 am, but I don’t think I’m improving.
我每天晚上学到很晚,有时到凌晨2点钟,但我认为我没有提高。
13believe in 信任某人,强调品质,believe sb.相信某人的话
I believe him, but I can’t believe in him.
他的话是真的,但是我不信任他这个人。
14 .I have a toothache . I need to see a dentist .
→ need意思为 “需要” ,作实义动词时,后跟动词不定式,否定式为don’t /doesn’t / didn’t need (to do sth.) ;作情态动词时,只能用于否定句或疑问句中,否定式为needn’t(do sth.) ,除有过去式外,没有其它的形态变化
四.知识结构
1.情态动词should的用法
should是情态动词,它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化,意为"应该......"。
should(应当,应该)用于所有人称,表示劝告或建议。
eg. You should wait a little more.
你应该再多等一会儿。
--- I have a very bad cold.我感冒很厉害。
--- You should lie down and have a rest.你应该躺下,多喝水。
2maybe与may be
1.maybe是副词,译为“也许、可能”,相当于“perhaps”。如:
Maybe he can answer the question.也许他能回答那个问题。
He maybe is from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。
2.may be中的may为情态动词,译为“可能是......”。如:
He may be from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。
She may be our English teacher.她可能是我们的英语老师
3too many,too much与much too
1.too many意为“太多”,用于修饰可数名词的复数。如:
There are too many students in our class.
我们班上有太多的学生。
2.too much意为“太多”,用于修饰不可数名词。如:
We have too much work to do.
我们有太多的工作要做。
3.much too表示“太”,用来修饰形容词或副词。如:
The box is much too heavy, so I can't carry it.
箱子太重了,所以我搬不动它。
4 few、a few、little、a little的区别和联系:
1.few / a few用来修饰可数名词,few表示否定意义,没有,几乎没有;a few表示有肯定意思, 有几个。 例如:
He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友,他感觉寂寞。
There are a few eggs in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。
2.little/a little用来修饰不可数名词,little表示否定意思,没有,几乎没有。
a little 表示肯定意思,有一点儿。 例如:
There is little ink in my bottle, can you give me a little ink?
我的瓶子里没有墨水了,你能给我点儿墨水吗?#p#副标题#e#
5 not…until 直到 …(否定句) 才,动词为短暂性或瞬间性动词
She didn’t leave until we came.
He went shopping after he got up.
=He didn’t go shopping until /before he got up.
……until/till 直到··· (肯定句)动词为延续性动词
We stayed here till/until 12 o’clock.
Unit 2 I'll help clean the city parks.
一.知识点: 短语动词小结
常见短语动词结构有下面几种:
1.动词+副词 如:give up 放弃 turn off 关掉 stay up 熬夜
这种结构有时相当于及物动词,如果其宾语是代词,就必须放在动
词和副词之间,如果是名词,则既可插在动词和副词之间,也可放
在短语动词后。
2. 动词+介词 如:listen of 听 look at 看 belong to 属于
这种结构相当于及物动词,后面跟宾语。
3. 动词+副词+介词 如:come up with 提出,想出
run out of 用完,耗尽
4. 动词+名词(介词) 如:take part in参加 catch hold of 抓住
1.cheer (sb.) up 使(某人)高兴、振作 如:cheer me up 使我高兴
clean up 打扫 clean-up n. 打扫
2. homeless adj. 无家可归的 a homeless boy 一个无家可归的男孩home n. 家
4. sick adj. 生病的 作表语、定语
ill adj. 生病的 作表语 ,不能作定语
5. volunteer to do v. 志愿效劳、主动贡献
volunteer n. 志愿者
6. come up with 提出 想出 === think up 想出
catch up with 赶上 追上
7. put off doing 推迟做某事
put on 穿上 (指过程)
put up 张贴
8. write down 写下 记下
9. call up 打电话
make a telephone call 打电话
10. set up 成立 建立
The new hospital was set up in 2000. 这座医院是在2000年成立的。
11. each 每个 各自的 强调第一个人或事物的个别情况 常与of 连用
every 每个 每一个的 一切的 则有“全体”的意思不能与of 连用
12. put …to use 把… 投入使用,利用
They put the new machine to use. 他们把新机器投入使用
13. help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事 help him (to) study
help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 help him with English
help do 帮助做某事 help study
14. plan to do 计划做某事
plan + 从句
I plan to go to Beijing. === I plan (that) I will go to Beijing.
我计划去北京。
15. spend … doing 花费…做… I spent a day visiting Beijing.
我花了一天的时间去参观北京。
spend… on sth. 花费…在… I spent 3 years on English.
16.not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且… 用来连接两个并列的成分
(1)引导以 not only …but (also)… 开头的句子往往引起部分倒装。
因此 ⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)…. 是倒装句。也是说得要
把前面的句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如:
①Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best.
我不仅能做到而且做得最好。
⑵Not only…but (also)… 接两主语时,谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化 也就是就近原则 如:
①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。
②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。
常见的就近原则的结构有:
①Neither… nor…即不…也不… (两者都不)Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。
②Either… or… 不是…就是… (两者中的一个)Either Lily or you are a student.
③Not only …but (also)…
④There be
17. join 参加 (指参加团体、组织) 如:join the Party 入党
take part in 参加 (指参加活动) 如:
take part in sports meeting 参加运动会
18. run out 与 run out of
①run out (become used up). 其主语往往为物。如时间,食物,金钱,油等,本
身就含有被动意义。
His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花光了。
My patience has completely run out. 我没有一点耐心了。
Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。
②run out of 主语为人,表示主动含义。
He is always running out of money before pay day. 他总是在发工资的日子还没有到就把钱花完了。
两者在一定条件下可以互换
如:The petrol is running out. 汽油快用完了
= We are running out of petrol. 我们快把汽油用完了。
Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。= We are running out of time
19. take after (在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像
be similar to 与..相像
take after 相像
look after 照顾
take care of 照顾
20. work out v. + adj.
①结局,结果为
The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 他提出的这个策略效果很好。
②算出,制订出,消耗完(精力等)
He never seems to be worked out. 他好像永远不会疲乏似的。
He worked out a plan. 他制订了一个计划。
I have worked out our total expenses. 我已经算出了我们总的费用。
21. hang out 闲荡 闲逛
I like to hang out at mall with my friends. 我喜欢和我的朋友一起去购物中心闲荡。
22. be able to do 能 会
be unable to do 不能 不会
23. thank you for doing 谢谢做某事 如:
thank you for helping me 谢谢做帮助我
24. for sure 确实如此,毫无疑问
You don’t have money. That’s for sure. 你没有钱,这是毫无疑问的。
25. fill… with… 使…充满… 用…填充…
She filled the bowl with water. 她用水填满碗。
26. like prep. 像…
27. help sb. out 帮助…做事,解决难题(摆脱困境)
I can’t work out this math problem. Please help me out.
我不能算出这道数学问题,请你帮我解决。
28. train n. 火车 train v. 训练
train sb. to do. 训练某人做某事
She trains her dog to fetch things. 她训练她的狗去取东西。
29. at once == right away 立刻 马上 如:
Do it at once. 马上去做。
I’ll go there at once/ right away. 我马上去那里。
30. one day 有一天 (指将来/过去) some day 有一天(指将来) 如:
One day I went to Beijing. 有一天我去了北京。
Some day I’ll go to Beijing. 有一天我将去北京。
31. specially adv. 特意地 专门地 特别地 special adj. 特别的#p#副标题#e#
32. donation n. 捐赠物 donate v. 捐赠 赠送
33. part of speech 词性 词类
34. disabled adj. 肢体有残疾的 disable v. 不能
35. hand out 分发 hand out bananas
give out 分发 give out sth to sb. 分….给某人
give up doing 放弃… give up smoking 放弃吸烟
give away 赠送 捐赠 give away sth. to …. give away money to kids
give sb. sth. 给某人某东西 give me money 给我钱
give sth. to sb. 给某人某东西 give money to me 给我线
36. volunteer ①可数名词 “志愿者” ②adj. 自愿的
vi. volunteer to do sth
They are the Chinese People’s Volunteers. 他们是中国人民志愿军。
I volunteer to help you. 我自愿帮助你。
37. no longer = not … any longer 指时间上不再延续。
no more = not … any more 指动作上不再延续。
二.短语
1.clean up 清扫
2.give out 分发,发放
3.cheer up=make…happier 使...高兴,使...振作
4.after school study program 课外学习班
5.come up with=think up 提出,想出
6.put off 推迟
7.write down 写下,记下
8.put up 张贴
9.hand out 分发,发放
10.call up 打电话
11.ser up=establish 建立
12.be home to sb 是某人的家园
13.volunteer one’s time to do sth 自愿花时间干...
14.put…to use… 把...投入使用
15.elementary school 小学
16.plan to do sth 计划干...打算干
17.coach a football team for kids 训练少年足球队
18.start a Chinese History club 开办一个中国史俱乐部
19.run out of 用完,耗尽
20.take after 在性格或长相方面与父母相象
21.fix up 修理
22.give away 捐赠
23.be similar to 与...相似
24.ask for 索要
25.a call-in center for parents 家长热线
26.hang out 闲荡
27.put up signs asking for singing jobs 张贴寻求唱歌工作的广告
28.run out of money for singing lessons 学唱歌的钱用完了
29.disabled people 残疾人
30.for sure 确实如此,毫无疑问
31.fill…with... 用...填充... be full of 装满了...
32.help...out 帮助...做事,解决难题(摆脱困境)
33.a specially trained dog 一只经过特殊训练的狗
34.train sb to do sth 训练某人干...
35.fetch my book 把我的书拿来
36.part of speech 词性
三.句子
1.We can’t put off making a plan. Clean-up Day is only two weeks from now. 我们不能推迟制订计划,清洁日离现在只有两周了。
2.She puts this love to good use by working in the after-school care centre at her local elementary school. 她在当地的一所小学的课后辅导中心工作,使这个爱好得到较好的利用
3.Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I love to do. 帮助别人不但自己感到快乐,而且我开始花时间做自己喜欢做的事了。
4.The three students plan to set up a student volunteer project at heir school. 这三个学生计划在他们校开展一个学生志愿者项目。
5.He also put up some sign asking for old bikes.他还贴了一些需求旧自行车的告。
6.The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 几米想出的这个办法很效。
7.He did a radio interview. 他接受了电台的采访。
8.We need to come up with a plan. 我们需要指定一个计划。
9.You could help clean up the city parks. 你可以帮助打扫城市公园。
10.He now has sixteen bikes to fix up and give away to children who don’t have bikes. 他现在有16辆要修理的自行车,并准备把这些修好的自行车赠送给那些没有自行车的孩子。
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?
一.重要词组及短语
1. Could you please do sth.? 你能……吗?/ 请你干……好吗?
2. do the chores 做杂务
3. do the dishes 洗餐具
4. sweep the floor 清扫地板
5. take out the trash 倒垃圾
6. make one's bed 铺床
7. fold one's clothes 叠衣服
8. clean the living room 清扫客厅
9. stay out late 晚归
10. come over 过来
11. have a test 考试
12. get a ride 搭车
13. use one's computer 使用某人的电脑
14. hate sth. / hate to do sth. / hate doing sth. 讨厌某事/做某事
like to do (doing) sth.
15. do the laundry = do some washing = wash clothes 洗衣服
16. make breakfast / make dinner = do some cooking 做饭
17. wash the car 刷车
18. work on 从事,忙于
work at 学习、致力于、在…上下工夫
19. borrow some money 借一些钱
borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物(借入)
lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物(借出)
You can borrow some money from your brother.
你可以向你哥哥借些钱。
Can you lend me your bike? 你能借给我你的自行车吗?
20. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
They invited me to join their club. 他们邀请我参加俱乐部。
invite sb to a place
invite you to my party
21. go to the store 去商店
22. agree sb. to do sth. 同意某人做某事
agree with sb. 同意某人的意见
disagree sb. to do sth. 不同意某人做某事
disagree with sb. 不同意某人的意见
23. take care of = look after 照顾、照看、照料
take good care of = look after … well 把……照管得好
26. take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步
27. play with sb. 和某人玩
28. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(未做)
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(做过)
(1)do, make 短语归类
do the dishes 洗餐具
do my homework 做我的家庭作业
do chores 做家务,处理琐事
do the laundry 洗衣
do the shopping 购物
do some reading 读书
make your bed 铺床
make breakfast 做早餐
make dinner 做晚饭
make tea 泡茶,沏茶
make a cup of coffee 冲一杯咖啡
(2)关于 to 的短语总结:
have to do sth. 不得不,必须做某事
need to do sth. 需要做某事 hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事
like to do sth. 喜欢做某事 want to do sth. 想做某事
love to do sth. 热爱做某事 forget to do sth. 忘记做某事
start to do sth. 开始做某事 begin to do sth. 开始做某事
ask sb to do sth. 请某人做某事
二.重点句型
1. Could you please clean your room?
Yes, sure. / Sorry, I can't. I have to do my homework first.
2. Could I please use the car?
Sure. / Certainly. / Of course. / No, you can't. I have to go out.
在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中,常用 could 代替 can,以表示礼貌,委婉或不确定的语气,而 can 则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把 could 看作 can 的过去式。以上两句中用 could 是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时,除了 can, could 之外,还可以用 may,句子的表达方式也各有不同,可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。例:
Could / Can / May I use your car for a day?
作允答可以各种各样:
如同意可以说 Yes,或 Sure 或 Certainly,还可说 Yes, (do) please. 或 Of course. (you may / can). 或 That's OK / all right.
如果不同意,可以说 I'm sorry you can't. 或 I'm really sorry, but I have to use it today. 要避免说 No, you can't. 这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。
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Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
一.短语:
1 help sb do sth 帮助某人作某事 Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home.
2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 给某人某物 / 把某物给某人
3 want to do sth 想要作某事
4 help sb with sth 帮助某人谋事 Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home
5 in the day 在白天
6 at night 在晚上
7 talk with/ to sb 和----谈话
8 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 Eg: He is busy listening to the teacher.
9 in a hospital 在医院l
10 work/ study hard 努力工作
11 Evening Newspaper 晚报
二.重点句式及注意事项:
1 询问职业的特殊疑问词是what; 有三种主要句式
① What + is / are + sb?
② What + does/ do + sb + do?
③ What + is/ are + 名词所有格/ 形容词性物主代词 + job?
2 People give me their money or get their money from me.
3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night.
4 I like talking to people.
5 I work late. I’m very busy when people go out to dinners.
6 Where does your sister work?
7 then we have a job for you as a waiter.
8 Do you want to work for a magazine? Then come and work for us as a reporter.
9 Do you like to work evenings and weekends?
10 We are an international school for children of 5-12.
三. 本单元中的名词复数。
1 policeman--- policemen 2 woman doctor----- women doctors 3 thief-----thieves
Unit 5 I’m watching TV
一.现在进行时
Ⅰ现在进行时的用法
表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作
Ⅱ现在进行时时间状语及标志性词
① now 现在
② at this time 在这时
③ at the moment 现在
④ look 看(后面有明显的“!”)
⑤ listen 听(后面有明显的“!”)
Ⅲ 现在分词的构成
① 一般在动词结尾处加ing Eg: go—going look--looking
② 以不发音字母e结尾的动词,去e加ing。Eg: write—writing close--closing
③ 以重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果末尾只有一个辅音字母,应先双写这个字母,再加ing.
Eg: get—getting run—running ( swim, run, put,get,sit,begin)
Ⅳ 现在进行时的构成
肯定句: 主语+ am/is/are+ doing +其他+时状. Eg: He is doing his homework now.
否定句:主语+am/is/are +not+ doing+其他+时状. Eg: He is not doing his homework now.
一般疑问句: Am/Is/Are +主语+ doing+其他+时状?Eg: Is he doing his homework now?
肯定回答:Yes,主语 +am/is/are Eg Yes, he is.
否定回答:No, 主语+am not/isn’t/aren’t Eg: No, he isn’t.
二.短语:
1.do one’s homework 做某人的作业
do housework 做家务
2.talk on the phone 在电话里交谈,讲电话
talk about…… 谈论……
talk to(with)sb 和某人交谈
3.write a letter 写信
write a letter to sb 给某人写信
4.play with…… 和……一起玩
5.watch TV看电视
TV show 电视节目
6.wait for sb/sth 等待某人/某物
7.some of…… ……中的一些
8.in the first photo 在第一张照片里(介词用in,序数词前面有the)
in the last photo 在最后一张照片里
a photo of one’s family 某人的家庭照片
9.at the mall 在购物街
at/in the library 在图书室
at/in the pool 在游泳池
10.read a book = read books = do some reading看书阅读
11.thanks for = thank you for为某事而感谢(后接动词要用v-ing)
三. 重点句式及注意事项:
1. 他正在干什么? What is he doing?
他正在吃饭。 He is eating dinner.
他正在哪里吃饭? Where is he eating dinner?
他正在家里吃饭。 He is eating dinner at home.
2. 你想什么时候去? When do you want to go?
让我们六点钟去吧。 Let’s go at six o’clock.
3. 他正在等什么? What is he waiting for?
他正在等公交车。 He is waiting for a bus.
4. 他们正在和谁说话? Who are they talking with?
他们正在和Miss Wu说话。 They are talking with Miss Wu.
5. 你们正在谈论什么? What are you talking about?
我们正在谈论天气。 We are talking about the weather.
6. 他们都正在去上学。 They are all going to school.
7. 这儿是一些我的照片。 Here are some of my photos.
这儿是一些肉。 Here is some of meat.(some of meat不可数,故用is)
8.谢谢你帮我买这本书。 Thank you for helping me buy this book.
9.family 家;家庭。强调“整体”,是单数;强调“成员”时,是复数。
His family has a shower. 他们家有一个淋浴。
His family are watching TV. 他全家在看电视。
Unit 6 It’s raining!
一.短语:
1 take photos/ pictures照像
2 take photos/ pictures of sb/ sth给某人或某物照相
3 have a good timehave funhave a great tame 玩得愉快
4 work for sb / sth为某人工作
Eg: Yuan Yuan works for CCTV’s Around The World show
5 on vacation度假
Eg: There are many people here on vacation.
6 some----others---一些.....另外一些.....one……the others…….一个....另一个....(两者之间)
Eg: There are many students in the classroom. Some are writing, others are reading.
7 put on 穿上(动作)wear 穿着(状态)
Eg: Tom is putting on his coat now.
8 on the beach在沙滩上
Eg: Tom and his family are playing on the beach at this moment.
9 this group of people这一群人
10. in this heat#p#副标题#e#
二.重点句型
1.How is the weather? 天气怎么样?In the raining. 在下雨。
2.What are you doing? 你正在做什么?I'm watching TV. 我在看电视。
3.What are they doing? 他们在做什么?They are studying. 他们在学习。
4.What is he doing? 他在做什么?He is playing basketball . 他在打篮球。
5.What is she doing ? 她在做什么?She is cooking . 她在做饭。
三.重难点解析
1 询问天气情况的句式:(横线内容可替换)
① How is the weather in Beijing? (How is the weather today?)
② What’s the weather like in Beijing? ( What’s the weather like today?)
2 回答上面问题的句式:
①It’s + adj. (形容词) Eg: It’s windy.
3 How’s it going (with you)?
① Not bad.
② Great!
③ Terrible!
④ Pretty good.
4 Thank you for joining CCTV’s Around The Word show.
5 I am surprised they can play in this heat.
6 Everyone is having a good time.
7 People are wearing hats and scarfs.
① wear 指穿衣服的状态。
② put on 指穿衣服的动作。
四.谈论天气的日常用语
1. It’s sunny/rainy/cloudy. 今天是晴天/雨天/阴天。
2. Lovely weather,isn’t it? 天气真好,是吗?
3. It looks like rain. 看起来要下雨。
4. It’s raining cats and dogs. 正是瓢泼大雨。
5. It seems to be cleaning up. 天似乎要转晴。
6. It’s blowing hard. 风刮得很大。
7. It’s snowing heavily. 正在下大雪。
8. The snow won’t last long. 雪不会持续太久。
9. It’s very foggy. 雾很大。
10. The fog is beginning to lift. 正在收雾。
11. It’s thundering and lightening. 雷电交加。
12. What’s the weather like today? 今天天气怎么样?
13. What’s the weather report for tomorrow? 天气预报明天怎么样?
14. It’s quite different from the weather report. 这和天气预报相差很大。
15. It’s rather changeable. 天气变化无常。
16. What’s the temperature? 温度是多少?
17. It’s two below zero. 零下二度。
18. The temperature has dropped a lot today. 今天温度低多了。
Unit7 What does he look like?
一.短语
1 look like 看起来像....
2 curly /short/straight/long hair 卷/短/直发
3 medium height/build 中等高度/身体
4 a little bit 一点儿…
5 a pop singer 一位流行歌手
6 have a new look 呈现新面貌
7 go shopping (do some shopping) 去购物
8 the captain of the basketball team篮球队队长
9 be popular with sb 为---所喜爱
10 stop to do sth 停下来去做某事
11 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事情
12 tell jokes/ stories 讲笑话/ 讲故事
13 have fun doing sth 愉快地做某事
14 remember ( forget) to do sth 记得(忘记)做某事(没有做的)
15 remember (forget) doing sth 记得(忘记)做过某事(已做)
16 one of --- ---中的一个#p#副标题#e#
二.本单元的重点句:
1 Is that your friend? No, it isn’t.
2 What does she look like?
3 I think I know her. ( I don’t think I know her.)
4 Wang Lin is the captain of the basketball team.
5 She’s a little bit quiet.
6 Xu Qian loves to tell jokes.
7 She never stops talking.
8 She likes reading and playing chess.
9 I don’t think he’s so great.
10 I can go shopping and nobody knows me.
11 Now he has a new look.
三.重难点解析
1 What does/ do +主语 + look like? 询问某人的外貌特征,看上去什么样?
Eg: What does your friend look like?
2 形容头发时, 可按照先长短,后曲直, 最后说颜色的顺序说。
Eg: She has long curly black hair.
3 one of + 名词复数 ,谓语动词要用“单三”形式。
Eg: One of his friends is a worker.
4 不定代词做主语时, 谓语动词要用“单三”形式。修饰不定代词词,应该放在它的后面.
Eg: I can go shopping and nobody knows me.
5.He is …(通常为形容词,包括身高、体形等)
He has…(通常为形容词修饰的名词,包括头发、五官)
He wears…(穿、戴、留。可以是衣服、帽子、鞋子等,也可以是眼镜、手表、胡须)
6.I don’t think…的用法 表达否定的看法I don’t think she is good-looking.
Unit 8 I'd like some noodles
一.短语
1.beef and tomato noodlesoodles with beef and tomato 牛肉西红柿面
chicken and cabbage noodlesmutton and potato noodles
tomato and egg noodlesbeef and carrot noodles
2.would like to do sth want to do sth 想要作某事
3.what kind of noodles什么种类的面条
4.what size bowl of noodles什么大小碗型的面
5.a largemediumsmall bowl of noodles 大中小碗的面
6.ice cream冰淇淋orange juice桔汁green tea绿茶RMB人民币phone number
7. House of Dumplingsoodles饺子面馆Dessert House甜点屋
二.重点句型
1. What kind of vegetablesmeat drink food would you like?
I’d like ……
I’d like chicken and cabbage noodles.
2. What kind of noodles would you like?
I’d like beef noodles.
3. What kind of noodles would you like?
I’d like chicken and cabbage noodles.
4. What size bowl plate of noodles would you like?
I’d like a large medium small bowl moodes.
5. What size cake would you like?
I would like asmall birthday-cake.
三.重难点解析
1.would like 想要 (表示一种委婉的语气)其用法相当于want.
would like + 名词would like an apple (want an apple)
would like to do sth
He would like to play soccer.
----Would you like to see the dolphins?
----Yes, I’d like to.
(1)would 是情态动词,没有人称和数的变化,可与人称代词缩写为’d, 与其它情态动词一样可帮助完成疑问句和否定句。(你能举出例子吗?)
我想要些牛肉。 I’d like some beef.
她想去打乒乓球。She would like to play ping-pang. (你能变否定句和疑问句吗?)
(2) Would you like sth.? 是提建议的一种句型,如需用一些,用some而不用any.
肯定回答是: Yes, please./ All right./ Yes./OK.
其否定回答是:No, thanks.
2. What kind of noodles would you like?
kind 在此句中作“种类”讲,a kind of 一种,all kinds of 各种各样的。kind of 有几分
A cat is a kind of animal.
There are all kinds of animals in the zoo
The cat is kind of smart.
3.Can I help you?你要买什么
肯定Yes, please . I would like …… 否定No, thanks.
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第一单元 小数乘法
1、小数乘整数:意义——求几个相同加数的和的简便运算。
如:1.5×3表示1.5的3倍是多少或3个1.5是多少。
计算方法:先把小数扩大成整数;按整数乘法的法则算出积;再看因数中一共有几位小数,就从积的右边起数出几位点上小数点。
2、小数乘小数:意义——就是求这个数的几分之几是多少。
如:1.5×0.8(整数部分是0)就是求1.5的十分之八是多少。
1.5×1.8(整数部分不是0)就是求1.5的1.8倍是多少。
计算方法:先把小数扩大成整数;按整数乘法的法则算出积;再看因数中一共有几位小数,就从积的右边起数出几位点上小数点。
注意:计算结果中,小数部分末尾的0要去掉,把小数化简;小数部分位数不够时,要用0占位。
3、规律:一个数(0除外)乘大于1的数,积比原来的数大; 一个数(0除外)乘小于1的数,积比原来的数小。
4、求近似数的方法一般有三种:
⑴四舍五入法;
⑵进一法;
⑶去尾法
5、计算钱数,保留两位小数,表示计算到分。保留一位小数,表示计算到角。
6、小数四则运算顺序跟整数是一样的。
7、运算定律和性质:
加法交换律:a+b=b+a
加法结合律:(a+b)+c=a+(b+c)
乘法交换律:a×b=b×a
乘法结合律:(a×b)×c=a×(b×c)见2.5找4或0.4,见1.25找8或0.8
乘法分配律:(a+b)×c=a×c+b×c或a×c+b×c=(a+b)×c(b=1时,省略b)
变式:(a-b)×c=a×c-b×c或a×c-b×c=(a-b)×c
减法:减法性质:a-b-c=a-(b+c)
除法:除法性质:a÷b÷c=a÷(b×c)
第二单元 位置
8、确定物体的位置,要用到数对(先列:即竖,后行即横排)。用数对要能解决两个问题:一是给出一对数对,要能在坐标途中标出物体所在位置的点。二是给出坐标中的一个点,要能用数对表示。
第三单元 小数除法
9、小数除法的意义:已知两个因数的积与其中的一个因数,求另一个因数的运算。如:0.6÷0.3表示已知两个因数的积0.6,一个因数是0.3,求另一个因数是多少。
10、小数除以整数的计算方法:小数除以整数,按整数除法的方法去除,商的小数点要和被除数的小数点对齐。整数部分不够除,商0,点上小数点。如果有余数,要添0再除。
11、除数是小数的除法的计算方法:先将除数和被除数扩大相同的倍数,使除数变成整数,再按“除数是整数的小数除法”的法则进行计算。
注意:如果被除数的位数不够,在被除数的末尾用0补足。
12、在实际应用中,小数除法所得的商也可以根据需要用“四舍五入”法保留一定的小数位数,求出商的近似数。
13、除法中的变化规律:①商不变性质:被除数和除数同时扩大或缩小相同的倍数(0除外),商不变。②除数不变,被除数扩大(缩小),商随着扩大(缩小)。③被除数不变,除数缩小,商反而扩大;被除数不变,除数扩大,商反而缩小。
14、(P28)循环小数:一个数的小数部分,从某一位起,一个数字或者几个数字依次不断重复出现,这样的小数叫做循环小数。 循环节:一个循环小数的小数部分,依次不断重复出现的数字。如6.3232……的循环节是32.简写作6.32
15、小数部分的位数是有限的小数,叫做有限小数。小数部分的位数是无限的小数,叫做无限小数。小数分为有限小数和无限小数。
第四单元 可能性
16、事件发生有三种情况:可能发生、不可能发生、一定发生。
17、可能发生的事件,可能性大小。把几种可能的情况的份数相加做分母,单一的这种可能性做分子,就可求出相应事件发生可能性大小。
第五单元 简易方程
18、(P45)在含有字母的式子里,字母中间的乘号可以记作“·”,也可以省略不写。加号、减号除号以及数与数之间的乘号不能省略。
19、a×a可以写作a·a或a ,a 读作a的平方 2a表示a+a
特别地1a=a这里的:“1“我们不写
20、方程:含有未知数的等式称为方程(★方程必须满足的条件:必须是等式 必须有未知数两者缺一不可)。使方程左右两边相等的未知数的值,叫做方程的解。求方程的解的过程叫做解方程。
21、解方程原理:天平平衡。 等式左右两边同时加、减、乘、除相同的数(0除外),等式依然成立。
22、10个数量关系式:
加法:和=加数+加数 一个加数=和-另一个加数
减法:差=被减数-减数 被减数=差+减数 减数=被减数-差
乘法:积=因数×因数 一个因数=积÷另一个因数
除法:商=被除数÷除数 被除数=商×除数 除数=被除数÷商
23、所有的方程都是等式,但等式不一定都是等式。
24、方程的检验过程:方程左边=……
25、方程的解是一个数; 解方程式一个计算过程。=方程右边 所以,X=…是方程的解。#p#副标题#e#
第六单元 多边形的面积
26、公式:
多边形 | 面积公式 | 面积公式的变式 | 说明 |
正方形 | 正方形的面积=边长X边长 S正=aXa=a2 | 已知:正方形的面积,求边长 | |
长方形 | 长方形的面积=长X宽 S长=aXb | 已知:长方形的面积和长,求宽 | |
平行四边形 | 平行四边形的面积=底X高 S平=aXh | 已知:平行四边形的面积和底,求高 h=S平÷a | |
三角形 | 三角形的面积=底X宽高÷2 S三=aXh÷2 | 已知:三角形的面积和底,求高 H=S三X2÷a | |
梯形 | 梯形形的面积=(上底+下底)X高÷2 S梯=(a+b)X2 | 已知:梯形的面积与上下底之和,求高 高=面积×2÷(上底+下底) 上底=面积×2÷高-下底 | |
组合图形 | 当组合图形是凸出的,用两种或三种简单图形面积相加进行计算。 | 当组合图形是凹陷的,用一种最大的简单图形面积减较小的简单图形面积进行计算。 |
27、平行四边形面积公式推导:剪拼、平移
平行四边形可以转化成一个长方形;长方形的长相当于平行四边形的底; 长方形的宽相当于平行四边形的高; 长方形的面积等于平行四边形的面积,因为长方形面积=长×宽,所以平行四边形面积=底×高。
28、三角形面积公式推导:旋转
两个完全一样的三角形可以拼成一个平行四边形,平行四边形的底相当于三角形的底;平行四边形的高相当于三角形的高;
平行四边形的面积等于三角形面积的2倍,因为平行四边形面积=底×高,所以三角形面积=底×高÷2
29、梯形面积公式推导:旋转
30、两个完全一样的梯形可以拼成一个平行四边形。平行四边形的底相当于梯形的上下底之和;平行四边形的高相当于梯形的高;平行四边形面积等于梯形面积的2倍,因为平行四边形面积=底×高,所以梯形面积=(上底+下底)×高÷2
31、等底等高的平行四边形面积相等;等底等高的三角形面积相等;等底等高的平行四边形面积是三角形面积的2倍。
32、长方形框架拉成平行四边形,周长不变,面积变小。
33、组合图形面积计算:必须转化成已学的简单图形。
当组合图形是凸出的,用虚线分割成几种简单图形,把简单图形面积相加计算。
当组合图形是凹陷的,用虚线补齐成一种最大的简单图形,用最大简单图形面积减几个较小的简单图形面积进行计算。
第七单元数学广角-植树问题、鸡兔同笼问题
34、不封闭栽树问题:
(1)一条路的一边两端都栽树=路长÷间隔+1;
已知间隔数,树的棵树,求路长。路长=间隔数×(树的棵树-1)
(2)一条路的两边两端都栽树=(路长÷间隔+1)×2
(3)一条路的一边两端不栽树=路长÷间隔-1
(4)一条路的两边两端不栽树=(路长÷间隔-1)×2
(5)锯木头时间问题:锯一段木头时间=总时间÷(段数-1)
35、封闭图形四周栽树问题:栽树棵树=周长÷间隔
36、鸡兔同笼问题:(龟鹤问题、大船小船问题)
(1)算术假设法1:假设几只都是兔子,(都是脚多的兔子),先求鸡的只数
鸡的只数:(总头数×4-总脚数)÷(4-2即一只兔的脚数减去一只鸡的脚数)
兔的只数:总头数-鸡的只数
算术假设法2:假设几只都是鸡,(都是脚少的鸡),先求兔子的只数
兔子的只数:(总脚数-总头数×2)÷(4-2即一只兔的脚数减去一只鸡的脚数)
鸡的只数:总头数-兔子的只数
(2)方程法:设兔子有x只,则兔子脚有2x只。那么鸡有(总头数-x)只
根据“兔子脚+鸡脚=总脚数”列方程解答先求兔子只数,再算出鸡的只数。
即:4x+2×(总头数-x)=总脚数
解 4x+2×总头数-2x =总脚数
4x-2x+2×总头数-2×总头数=总脚数-2×总头数
2x=
X=
补充内容:观察物体
36、从不同的角度观察物体,看到的形状可能是不同的;观察长方体或正方体时,从固定位置最多能看到三个面。(习惯上我们从左面、正面、上面看 ,把这三种视图统称三视图)
37、图形的运动:轴对称图形。
(1)沿一条直线对折后,两边完全重合的图形叫做轴对称图形,这条直线叫做对称轴。圆有无数条对称轴。正方形有4条对称轴。等边三角形有3条对称轴。长方形有2条对称轴。等腰三角形和等腰梯形有1条对称轴。
(2)轴对称图形的特点:沿对称轴对折,两边完全重合。每一组对应点到对称轴距离度相等。对应点之间的连线与对称轴互相垂直。
(3)要能根据对称轴画出对称图形的另一半。
38、数字编码:
(1)数不仅可以用来表示数量和顺序,还可以用来编码。
(2)邮政编码由6位数字组成,前2位表示省;前3位表示邮区,前4位表示县市,最后2位表示投递局 (大地基乡投递局)
(3)身份证18位:第7至14位表示出生年月日 倒数第二位的数字表示性别,单数-男,双数-女
(4)根据卡号信息、运动员编号信息、门牌信息填写编码规律。
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教学目标与要求
一、学习目标
本单元主要是针对前5个单元知识进行归纳、复习,通过本单元的学习,对所学知识进一步记忆、巩固,以至完全掌握。前5个单元重点是英文26个字母的认知和书写,以及极为简单的日常交际用语和基本句型。
二、能力目标
1.通过复习总结出英语学习特点和学习方法,以最有效、最有趣的方式获取新知识。
2.通过接触、学习英语,培养广泛的学习兴趣。
课文重点与难点点击进入 初中学习小组
一、句子破译站
1. My pencil case is big and mice. I like it .我的我铅笔盒既大又漂亮,我喜欢它。
(1)big and nice 是形容词并列结构,and连接两个作表语的形容词,起连接作用。如:
Jane and Amy are my friends .简和艾米是我的朋友。
(2)it指代上句提到的my pencil case,当上文出现过的名词又出现时,常用代词指代,it一般用来代替第三人称单数无生命的事物的名词。
2.Who is that in the photo ?照片上是谁?
介词in表示“在……里”,汉语说“在照片上”,“在画上”,而英语中却说“in the photo”,“in the picture,”初学英语时要注意英汉表达的不同。另外,介词in+颜色,表示“穿着……”,如:
the boy in blue 穿着蓝色衣服的男孩
其中in the photo, in blue 都是作后置定语,修饰who和boy,英语中短语动词作定语,常置于所修饰的词后,而单个形容词作定语,则置于所修饰的词前,如:
She ’s a nice girl . 她是一个漂亮的女孩。
3.What’s the Chinese for “flag”? “flag” 一词用汉语怎么说?
这句话也可说成:What’s “flag” in Chinese ? 注意二者表达上的区别:上句表示语言的名词前加the,用介词for,后句表示语言的名词前不加the,用介词in。而意义上没有区别。
二、工具箱
no与not
(1)no是形容词和副词;not是副词。
(2)no一般用于不带冠词的名词前,也可用于形容词修饰的名词前。no还可用于形容词或副词的比较级前。另外,一般疑问句作否定回答时也要用no。
(3)如果名词前用some(一些),many(许多),much(许多)等词时,则要用not。将肯定的陈述句转换为否定的陈述句时,也要用not。如:
I have no books. 我没有书。
-Is Ann in Row Four ? 安在第四排吗?
-No, she isn’t . 不,她不在。
She is no older than her friend . 她并不比她朋友岁数大。
I can not speak English .我不会说英语。
You have not many pens . 你没有很多钢笔。
三、重难点
1.26个英文字母里共有5个元音字母,按元音字母的读音可归纳如下:
含有元音字母A的读音的字母有:Aa Hh Jj Kk
含有元音字母E的读音的字母有:Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv
含有元音字母I的读音的字母有:Ii Yy
含有元音字母U的读音的字母有:Uu Qq Ww
含有元音字母O的读音的字母有:Oo
含有字母的掐头音的字母有:Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz
含有字母的读音的字母有:Rr
2.英文字母中的相同读音。
字母读音提示
Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu Ff Rr[ei] [i:] [ai] [U] [ju:] [ef] [a:]Aa Hh Kk Jj Ee Bb Cc Dd Gg Pp Tt Vv Ii Yy Oo Uu Qq Ww Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz Rr
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Unit 1 my classroom
This is my classroom. It’s big. 这是我的教室。它很大。
The door is green. The windows are yellow. 门是绿色的,窗户是黄色的。
Let’s go and have a look. 让我们去看看吧!
We have 6 new lights. 我们有六盏新灯。
Where’s your seat? It’s near the door. 你的座位在哪里?在门附近。
Let’s/ let me clean the board. 让我们/让我擦黑板。
Open the do 打开门。 Sweep the floor. 扫地。
Turn on the light. 打开灯。 Put up the picture. 挂图画。
Clean the board. 擦黑板。 Clean the 擦窗户。
window board light picture door floor computer teacher’s desk wall fan
Unit 2 my schoolbag
I have a new schoolbag. 我有一个新书包。
What colour is it? It’s black and white. 它是什么颜色的?它是黑白相间的。
My schoolbag is heavy. What’s in it? 我的书包很重。里面有什么?
Put your notebook in your bag. 把你的笔记本放进书包。
How many English books do you have? I have 6.
你有多少英语书?我有六本。
How many Chinese books can you see? I can see 20.
你能看见多少本语文书?我能看见二十本。
Chinese book English book math book notebook story-book
Bag pencil pen ruler book pencil-case
Unit 3 my friends
My friend is strong. He has short hair. He likes sports.
我的朋友很强壮,他有着短头发,他爱运动。
I like music. She likes painting. 我喜欢音乐,她喜欢绘画。
What’s his name? His name is Zhang Peng. 他叫什么名字?他叫张鹏。
long hair short hair thin strong quiet
music science sports painting computer game teacher
student boy girl friend.
Unit 4 my home
Welcome to my home 欢迎来我家。
This is my house. It’s big. 这是我的房子,它很大。
Where are the keys? They are in the door. 钥匙在哪里?在门上。
Are they near the table?
Yes, they are. /No, they aren’t. 他们在桌子附近吗?是的/不是。
Is it on the shelf? Yes, it is. /No, it isn’t. 在架子上吗?是的/不在。
study kitchen bathroom bedroom living room home classroom
phone bed sofa shelf fridge table
Unit 5 what would you like?
What would you like for lunch? I’d like some beef.#p#副标题#e#
你中餐想吃什么?我想吃些牛肉。
What’s for dinner? 晚餐吃什么?
Can I help? Sure, pass me a plate.
我来帮忙,好吗?当然好啦,给我一个盘子。
Help yourself. 请自便。
I can use chopsticks. 我会用筷子。
rice fish noodle beef soup vegetable
knife chopsticks spoon plate fork
Unit 6 meet my family
This is my uncle. He’s a baseball player. He looks strong.
这是我叔叔。他是一个棒球运动员。他看上去很强壮。
How many people are there in your family? 你们家有几口人?
Who are they? 他们是谁?
What’s your father? He is a driver. 你爸爸是干什么的?他是一个司机。
parents father mother uncle aunt baby brother sister grandpa grandma family teacher student baseball player doctor driver farmer nurse
1. I have _____ egg.
2. She _____(have) a nice schoolbag .
3. How many ______(pen) do you have ?
4. My friend Tom _____ (like )painting.
5 _______she ? she’s my sister.
6. ____is Miss Li . She’s over there .
7. ________is the pencil? It’s 3 yuan.
8. is the walkman ? It’s yellow.
9.Let _____(I) clean the teacher’s desk.
10.This is ______(I) new computer.
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宾语从句,是同学们必须要掌握的语法点,是中考英语的必考点之一,会出现于中考英语的各个题型中,需要考生们注意复习。下面是小编整理的中考英语宾语从句的内容,分享给大家!
1. 动词宾语从句:顾名思义,它是位于动词后面的宾语从句。
例如:He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。
2. 介词宾语从句:顾名思义,它是位于介词后面的宾语从句。
例如:I agree with what you said just now.我同意你刚才说的话。
3. 形容词宾语从句:顾名思义,它是位于形容词后面的宾语从句。
例如:I am afraid that I will be late. 恐怕我要迟到了。
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高考的脚步越来越近,发奋学习英语更是势在必行,不仅靠知识的积累和运用,同时也需要学习的方法和做题的技巧。方法和技巧往往能让你在考场上事半功倍,话不多说,快看小编给大家献上的英语易错知识点大汇总吧!
1高考英语兴趣爱好话题(1)你班进行了一次以“我的爱好”为主题的演讲比赛,请你谈谈你的爱好及缘由,并号召同学和你一起发展这项爱好。
(2)假设你有一位英国笔友叫Jack,请你给他写一封信简介你在课余时间的兴趣爱好,并询问他在课余时间的兴趣爱好。
(3)你想约志同道合的同学一起去参观自然博物馆,请你在布告板上写一份邀请函,包括自然博物馆的特点和参观博物馆的好处等。
(4)现在很多学生都是“追星一族”,他们密切注视着明星们的一举一动。试分析当下流行文化对青少年兴趣爱好的影响。
2高考英语话题作文必备必备语汇(1)surf the internet上网
(2)chat online 在线聊天
(3)enjoy popular music 喜欢流行音乐
(4)be fond of/be keen on喜欢…
(5)have some hobbies有一些爱好
(6)be interested in对……感兴趣
(7)take an interest in对……感兴趣
(8)be crazy about... 对……着迷
(9)come to like... 越来越喜欢
(10)develop a great liking for... 渐渐爱上
(11)I prefer watching a TV show to going to a concert.我宁愿看电视表演,而不愿去听音乐会。
(12)He goes for playing on-line games. 他喜欢玩在线游戏。
(13)Shopping is my favorite hobby in my spare time. 购物是我闲暇时最喜欢的爱好。
(14)I hate visiting museums, for I think they are boring.我讨厌参观博物馆,因为我觉得它们让人感到无趣。
3高考英语兴趣爱好话题作文题目基础写作:就家长反对自己集邮写求助信
假如你热衷集邮,但家长并不支持,于是你向一个学生心声的专栏写信咨询解决的办法。内容包括:
1.你的意见:(1)增长知识;(2)减压;(3)挣钱。
2.家长意见:(1)浪费钱;(2)占了学习时间。
4高考英语兴趣爱好话题作文范文Dear Sir,
I’m a Grade-Two student in a senior high school. I’ve always been fond of collecting stamps since I was a child. As far as I’m concerned,collecting stamps is a meaningful hobby, helping me to know a lot. Besides, dealing with my collection of stamps not only gives me great satisfaction but also helps me relax under the great pressure of studies. What’s more,I even earn money by selling some stamps and my collection will be more valuable as times goes by.
However, my parents are strongly against it for they consider it as a waste of money and they also think that sorting out my stamps may take up too much of my time, which should be spent on my studies.
I don’t want to argue with them any more. Could you help me out? Looking forward to your early reply!
A Worried Reader
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Unit1 this is my day
do morning exercises晨练 eat breakfast吃早饭
have english class上英语课
play sports进行体育运动 eat dinner吃晚饭 when什么时候 evening夜晚;晚上 get up起床 at在……点钟 usually通常;一般 noon中午 climb mountains爬山 go shopping购物;买东西 play the piano弹钢琴 visit grandparents看望祖父母 go hiking去远足 weekend周末 often经常sometimes有时候
话题1:日常生活 时态:一般现在时
1.When do you do morning exercises?
你什么时候做早操?
I usually do morning exercises at 8:00.
我经常八点钟做早操。
(Iusually get up at 12:00 atnoon .
我经常在中午十二点起床。)
2.When do you eat dinner?
你什么时候吃晚餐?
I eat dinner at 7:00 in the evening.
我在晚上七点种吃晚餐。
3.When is the best time to go to Beijing? Fall.
在什么时候去北京最好?秋天。
语法考点: 1.When引导的特殊疑问句,就作息时间进行问答: --- When do you + 行为活动?--- I + 行为活动 + 具体时间。 例: A: When do you eat dinner? B: I eat dinner at 7: 00. . 2.What引导的特殊疑问句,就活动内容进行问答: --- What do you do + 时间?(教材主要是周末) --- I + sometimes / often / usually + 行为活动 + 时间。 例: A: What do you do on the weekend? B: I often play football. |
Unit 2 MyFavourite Season
spring春天 summer夏天 fall秋天winter冬天 season季节
which哪一个 best最;极 swim游泳 flykites放风筝 skate滑冰make a snowman堆雪人 plant trees种树 why为什么 because因为 sleep睡觉话题2: 季节 时态:一般现在时1.Whichseason do you like best? I like spring best.(Spring.) 你最喜欢是什么季节?我最喜欢春季。
2.What is your favouriteseason? My favourite seson isspring.(Spring.)
你最喜爱的季节是什么季节?我最喜爱的季节是春季。
3.Whydo youlike summer? Because I can…….(Because it’swarm ,windy and sunny.) 你为什么喜欢夏天?因为我可以……(因为天气是……)
4.Ilike summer,because I can swim in thelake. 我喜欢夏天。因为我可以在湖里游泳。
5.Springis good ,but fall ismy favourite season.春天是好的。但秋天是我最喜欢的季节。
6.What’s theweather like in fall in Beijing? It’s sunny and cool. 秋天的北京是什么天气?是晴朗和凉爽的。
7.Whatseason is it in Marchin Beijing? It’s spring. 在北京的三月份是什么季节?是春天。
语法考点:
1.Which 引导的特殊疑问句,谈论最喜欢的季节:
--- Which season do you like best? / What's yourfavouriteseason?
--- I like + 季节 + best.
2.Why引导的特殊疑问句,谈论喜欢某个季节的原因:
--- Why do you like + 季节?
--- Because I can + 行为活动。
Unit 3 MyBirthday
Jan./January一月 Feb./February二月 Mar./March三月 Apr./April四月
May五月 June六月 July七月Aug./Augest八月
Sept./September九月 Oct./October十月 Nov./November十一月
Dec./December十二月 birthday生日 date日期
话题3:生日节日 时态:一般现在时
1.Whenis Teacher’s Day? 什么时候是教师节?
2.Whosebirthday is in July ? Mike’s birthday is in July.
谁的生日在七月?Mike的生日在七月。
3.Isher birthday in June? Yes, it is . No, it isn’t .
她的生日在六月吗?是的。 不是的
4.When is your birthday? My birthday is in May.
What’s the date? It’s May 10th.
你的生日是什么时候?我的生日在五月。几号?五月十日。
5.What is the datetoday? It’s June 3rd.今天是几月几号?今天是六月3号。
Children’sDay ( June 1st ) 儿童节 New Year’s Day (Jan. 1st) 新年
ArmyDay ( Aug. 1st ) 建军节 Women’s Day ( Mar. 8th ) 妇女节
Christmas Day ( Dec. 25th ) 圣诞节National Day ( Oct. 1st ) 国庆节
Tree Planting Day ( Mar.12th) 植树节AprilFool’s Day ( Apr. 1st ) 愚人节
语法考点: 1. When引导的特殊疑问句,就什么时候过生日进行问答: --- When is + 某人的(你的,我的,他、她的)+ birthday? --- It's in +月份。 2. Is引导的一般疑问句,就某人的生日是否在某个时间进行提问: --- Is + 某人的 + in + 月份?--- Yes, it is. / No, it isn't. 3. What引导的特殊疑问句,就节日(包括生日)的具体日期进行问答: --- What's the date? --- It's + 几月几号(具体日期)。 --- What's the date? --- It's + 几月几号(具体日期)。 |
Unit 4 What Are You Doing?
draw pictures画画 cook dinner做饭 read a book看书
answer the phone接电话 listen to music听音乐 clean the room打扫房间 write a letter写信 writean e-mail写电子邮件 study书房
话题:日常生活时态:现在进行时 ( be doing now )
1.What is ZhangPeng doing ? 张鹏正在做什么?
He is answering the phone. 他正在听电话。
Grandpa is writing a letter. 外祖父正在写信。
Brother is doing homework . 哥哥(弟弟)正在做作业。
Mom is cooking dinner in thekichen. 妈妈正在厨房里做饭。
Father is writing an e-mail. 爸爸正在写电子邮件。
2.Hello, this is ZhangPeng. 你好,这是张鹏。
Can I speak to ChenJie ,Please? 我可以跟陈洁通话吗?
Sure.Please hold on. She’slistening to music. 可以。请别挂机。她正在听音乐。
3.What are you doing? I am doing the dishes.你正在做什么?我正在洗碗碟。
语法考语: 正在进行时 be doing (now / look! / Listen!) 1. What引导的特殊疑问句,直接提问对方正在干什么: --- What are you doing? --- I'm + 行为活动。 2. What引导的特殊疑问句,提问对方、某人正在干什么: --- What is + 某人 + doing? --- He / She / 某人 + is + 行为活动 (doing). 3. 电话用语: 介绍自己:This is / It's + 自己的名字. 要找某人:Can I speak to + 要找的人. 请稍等:Please hold on. |
Unit 5 Look at theMonkeys
fly飞 jump跳 walk走 run跑 swim游泳 sleep睡觉
climb往上爬 fight打架 swing荡;荡秋千drink water喝水
话题:动物 时态:现在进行时
1.What do you see ? I see twokangaroos. 你看见什么?我看见两只袋鼠。
2.What can monkey do? It can swing. 猴子能干什么?它会荡秋千。
3.What is the mother kangaroo doing? 母袋鼠正在做什么?
She’s jumping. 她正在跳跃。
4.Look at the monkey. What is it doing ? It’s eating bananas. 看那只猴子。 它正在做什么?它正在吃香蕉。
5.What are the tigers doing ?They arefighting. 老虎正在做什么?它们在打架。
6.Are you eating lunch ? 你们(你)正在吃午餐吗?
Yes, we are. Yes, I am . No, we aren’t. No, I am not .
我们是。 我是。 我们不是。 我不是
7.Are the ants eating honey? 蚂蚁正在吃蜜糖吗?
Yes, they are. No ,they aren’t . 它们是。 它们不是。
8.Can tigers swim? 老虎会游泳吗?
Yes they can. No, they can’t. 它们会。它们不会。
1.What引导的特殊疑问句,谈论动物(单数)的动作: --- What is it / he / she doing? --- It's / He's / She's + 动作(doing)。 例: A: What is it doing? B: It's eating bananas. 2.What引导的特殊疑问句,谈论动物(复数)的动作: --- What are they doing? --- They are + 动作(doing)。 例: A: What are they doing? B: They're swimming. |
Unit 6 A Field Trip
take pictures照相 watch insects观察昆虫 pick upleaves采摘树叶
do an experiment做实验 catch butterfly捉蝴蝶 honey蜂蜜
count insects数昆虫 collect leaves收集树叶 wtite areport写报告
play chess下棋 have a picnic举行野餐
话题:日常活动时态:现在进行时
1.IsJohn playing chess? Yes, he is . No, he isn’t .John正在下棋吗?他是。 他不是。
2.IsAmy counting insects ? Yes, she is. No, she isn’t .
Amy正在书昆虫吗? 是,她是。 她不是。
3.Theyare playing chess. I am doing homework. He is singing.
Are they playing chess? Are you doing homework? Is hesinging?
What are they doing? What are you doing? What is hedoing?
1. Are引导的一般疑问句,谈论人们(复数)正在进行的活动: --- Are you (they) + 动作(doing?)--- Yes, we (they) are. / No, we (they) aren't. 例: A: Are you eating lunch? B: No, we aren't. 2. Is引导的一般疑问句,谈论他人(单数)是否正在进行某活动。 --- Is he / she +动作(doing)? --- Yes, he / she is. No, he / she isn't. 例: A: Is he playing chess? B: Yes, he is. |
附: What can I do inBeijing?
我在北京能做什么?
You can go to the Great Wall.
你可以去长城。
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一. 重点短语
1. at the moment
2. used to
3. for a while
4. walk away with sth.
5. leave for some place
6. sooner or later
7. pay for
8. come up with an idea
9. think of
10. have a try
11. all over the world
12. be famous for
13. large numbers of
14. all the year round
15. no matter what
16. give up
17. for example
18. by the way
19. on business
20. so far
21. come true
22. set off
23. slow down
24. go on doing
25. wait for
26. be proud of
27. be afraid of
28. speak highly of
29. a year and a half
30. half a year
31. pick up
32. as soon as
33. keep… clean
34. take care of
35. cut down
36. make a contribution to
37. base on
38. make sure
39. take away
40. begin with
41. right now
42. as soon as possible
43. leave a message
44. all kinds of things
45. walk around
46. fall asleep
47. wake up
48. go on a trip
49. have a good time
50. take photos
51. come out
52. come on
53. have a family meeting
54. talk about
55. go for a holiday
56 go scuba diving
57. write down
58. by oneself
59. walk along
60. get a chance to do sth
61. have a wonderful time
62. book a room
63. have an accident
64. be interested in
65. use sth. to do sth.
66. make a TV show
67. be amazed at
68. take part in
69. feed on
70. get out of
二. 重要句型
1. Why don’t you do sth.?
2. make sb. Happy
3. borrow sth. from sb.
4. forget to do sth.
5. pay fro sth.
6. return sth. To sb.
7. learn sth. from sb.
8. be famous for sth.
9. No matter what…
10. be with sb.
11. go on doing sth.
12. speak highly of sb.
13. keep doing sth.
14. allow sb. To do sth.
15. encourage sb. to do sth.
16. It is said that…
三. 交际用语
1. --- Excuse me, have you got …?
--- Yes, I have. (Sorry, I haven’t.)
2. --- Why don’t you …?
--- Thanks, I will.
3. --- Thanks a lot. (Thank you very much.)
--- You are welcome.
4. --- Have you ever done…?
--- Yes, I have, once. (No, never.)
5. --- I’ve just done…
--- Really?
6. ---What’s …like ?
7. --- How long have you been…?
--- Since…
8. --- Have you ever been to…?
--- I’ve never been there. (None of us has./ Only …has. )
9. --- Would you like to have a try?
--- I don’t think I can…
10. --- What have you done since…?
11. --- How long have you been at this …?
--- For…
12. --- How long has she/ he worked there…?
--- She’s / He’s worked there for… / all her / his life.
13. --- I’m sorry he isn’t here right now.
14. --- May I help you?
15. --- That’s very kind of you.
16. ---Could we go scuba diving?
17. --- Could you tell us how long we’re going to be away?
18. --- Let’s try to find some information about it, OK?
19. --- Could you please tell me how to search the Internet?
20. --- Go straight along here.
21. ---Please go to Gate 12.
22. --- Please come this way.
23. --- Could you tell me what you think about Hainan Island?
24. --- That sounds really cool!
四. 重要语法
1. 宾语从句
2. 现在完成时
3. 一般过去时与现在完成时的用法比较#p#副标题#e#
五.重要知识点讲解
1. Maybe/ may be
(1) maybe是副词,意思是“大概,也许”,常用作状语。例如: Maybe you put it in your bag.也许你把它放在包里了。“Will he come tomorrow?”“Maybe not.” “他明天来吗?”“也许不”。
(2) may be相当于是情态动词may与be动词搭配一起作谓语,意思是“也许是…,可能是…”。
例如:It may be 9:00 when they arrive.他们可能于九点到达。The man may be a lawyer. 那人也许是律师。
2. borrow/ lend/ keep/ use
(1) borrow表示的是从别人那里借来东西,即我们通常所说的“借进来”。例如:We often borrow books from our school library.我们经常从学校图书馆借书。I borrowed this dictionary from my teacher. 我从老师那儿借来了这本字典。
borrow是一个瞬间完成的动作,因此不能与时间段连用。
例如:You can borrow my recorder for three days. ( 错误 )I have borrowed this book for only one week. ( 错误 )
(2) lend表示的是把自己的东西借给别人,即我们通常所说的“借出去”。 例如:Thank you for lending me your bike.谢谢你把自行车借给我。He often lends money to his brother.他经常借钱给他弟弟。
lend与borrow一样,也是一个瞬间完成的 动作,不能与一段时间连用。
(3) keep的意思也是“借”,但一般是指借来后的保存或使用阶段,是一段持续的时间,因此可以与时间段连用。例如:You can keep my recorder for three days.我的录音机你可以借用三天。
I have kept this book for only one week.这本书我才刚借了一星期。
(4) use也可以当“借用”讲,但它的本意是“用,使用”。例如:May I use your ruler? 我能借你的尺子用一下吗?He had to use this public telephone.他不得不使用这部公用电话。
3. leave/ leave for
(1) leave意思是“离开,留下”。 例如:We left Shanghai two years ago.我们两年前离开了上海。
He left his cell phone in the taxi last week.他上周把手机落在出租车里了。
(2) leave for意思是“前往”,表示要去的目的地。例如:We will leave for Tibet next month.我们将于下月去西藏。The train is leaving for Moscow.这趟火车即将开往莫斯科。
4. since/ for
(1) since用于完成时态,既能用作介词,也能用作连词,后常接时间点,意思是“自从”。 例如:
He has been a worker since he came into this city.自从他来到这个城市,他就是工人了。
I have never seen him since we last met in Shanghai .自从我们上次在上海见过之后我再也没见过他。
since作连词,还有“既然”的意思。例如: Since you are interested in it, just do it. 既然你对它感兴趣,那就做吧。 You can have fun now since you’ve finished your work.既然你已经做完了功课,就开心玩会儿吧。
(2) for用于完成时,用作介词,后常接一段时间,意思是“经过…”。例如: I have learned English for five years.我已经学了五年英语了。They have waited for you for 30 minutes.他们已经等了你三十分钟了。
for也可以用作连词,但意思是“因为”。 例如: They missed the flight for they were late.他们由于完到了而误了航班。He fell ill for many reasons.他由于多种原因病倒了。
5. neither/ either/ both
(1) neither作代词是对两者都进行否定,意思为“两者都不”,作主语时谓语动词用单数.例如:Neither of the boys is from England.这两个男孩都不是来自英国。I know neither of them. 他们两个我都不认识。
neither用作形容词,也修饰单数名词,意思与作代词时相同;用作连词时,一般与nor搭配,表示 “既不…也不”。作主语时,谓语动词也遵循就近原则。 例如:She neither ate nor drank yesterday. 她昨天既不吃也不喝。Neither he nor we play football on Sundays. 他和我们星期天都不踢球。
(2) either作代词时,是指两者中的任意一方,(两者之)每一个,故作主语时谓语动词用单数.
例如:Either of the books is new.这两本书任何一本都是新的.
She doesn’t like either of the films.这两部电影她都不喜欢.
either作形容词, 用来修饰单数名词,意思与作介词时相同.
例如:Either school is near my home. (这两所学校中的)任何一所学校都离我家很近.
Either question is difficult.两个问题(中的任何一个)都难.
either作连词时,一般与or搭配,表示两者选其一,意思是“不是…就是”。作主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则。
Either he or I am right.不是他就是我是对的。
Either my sister or my parents are coming to see me.不是我姐姐就是我父母要来看我。
(3) both作代词时,指的是所涉及到的“两者都”, 故作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
I like both of the stories.这两个故事我都喜欢。Both of my parents are teachers.我父母两人都是老师。
both作形容词时,用来修饰两者,意思与作代词时相同.Both his arms are hurt.他的两只胳膊都受伤了。
Both these students are good at English. 这两个学生都擅长英语。
both用作连词时,多与and搭配,表示“既…又, 不仅…而且”, 作主语时,谓语动词仍用复数形式。
Both piano and violin are my bobbies.钢琴和小提琴都是我的爱好。
They study both history and physics. 他们既学历史,又学物理。
6. find/look for/ find out
(1) find强调找的结果,意思是“找到”。此外还有“发现,发觉”的意思,后可接宾语从句。
例如:Jim couldn’t find his hat.吉姆找不着帽子了。Have you found your lost keys? 你找到丢失的钥匙了吗?
He found the lights were on along the street.他发现沿街的灯都亮了
(2) look for的意思为“寻找”,指的是找的动作而非结果。另外,还有“盼望,期待”的意思。
例如:She is looking for her son.她正在找她的儿子。
We’ve been looking for the car since early this morning.我们从今天一大早就开始找这辆车了。
I look for the coming holiday.我期待着即将来临的假期。
(3) find out含有经过观察、研究或探索而得知的意思,后常接较抽象的事物,意思是“找出,发现,查明(真相)”等。
例如: I can find out who took my money away.我能查出谁拿了我的钱。
Could you find out when the plane arrives? 你能设法知道飞机何时到吗?
7. forget to do/ forget doing
(1) forget to do是指忘记去做某件事了,即该事还没有做。
例如: Please don’t forget to call this afternoon.今天下午不要忘了给我打电话。
I forgot to take some small change with me.我身上忘了带零钱了。
(2) forget doing是指忘记某件已经做过的事情,即该事已经做了,但被忘记了。
例如:He forgot telling me his address.他忘了告诉过我地址了。
They forgot having been here before.他们忘了以前曾来过这儿。
8. stop doing/ stop to do
(1) stop doing是指停止做某事,即doing这个动作不再继续。
例如:They stopped debating.他们停止了辩论。(不辩论了)
He had to stop driving as the traffic lights changed in to red. 由于交通灯变成了红色他不得不停车。
(2) stop to do是指停下来开始做另一件事,即停止原先的事,开始做do这个动作。
例如:She stopped to have a rest.她停下来休息会儿。(开始休息)They stopped to talk.他们停下来开始交谈。
9. except/ besides#p#副标题#e#
(1) except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”,可以理解为“撇开…不谈”,表示两部分的不同。 Everyone is excited except me.除我以外的每个人都很激动。(他们激动,而我却不激动)All the visitors are Japanese except him.除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。(其他人是日本人,可他不是)
(2)besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”,可以理解为“除之外…还、除之外…又”,表示两部分的相似性。
例如:Twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him.除他以外,还有25个学生去看了电影。(他和另外25人都去了)
We like biology besides English.除了英语外,我们还喜欢生物。(生物和英语都喜欢)
besides还可用作副词,意思是“此外;而且”,常用于句首或句尾。
例如:He is a great thinker, and besides, he is a politician.他是一名伟大的思想家,除此以外,他还是一位政治家。
They encouraged me, and they supported me with money, besides. 他们不仅鼓励我,而且与我以金钱上的支持。
10. keep doing/ keep on doing
(1) keep doing指的是连续地、坚持不断地做某事,中间不间断。
例如:It kept blowing for a whole day.刮了一整天风了。
The temperature keeps dropping.温度持续下降。
(2) keep on doing是指反复坚持做某事,但动作之间略有间隔。
例如:They have kept on writing to each other for many years.他们已经互相通信多年了。
After drinking some water, he kept on talking.喝了一些水后,他坚持讲话。
11. seem/ look
(1) seem一般着重于以客观迹象为依据,意思是“似乎、好象、看起来…”。
例如:The baby seems to be happy.婴儿看上去似乎很高兴。
He seemed to be sorry for that.他似乎为那件事感到抱歉。
seem能与to do结构连用,而look不能。
例如:It seems to rain. 似乎要下雨了。
They seemed to have finished their work.他们似乎已经完成了工作。
在it作形式主语的句型中只能用seem。
例如:It seems that he is quite busy now.他现在看起来很忙。
It seems to us that there is nothing serious.在我看来没什么大不了的。
(2) look用作“看起来;好像”时,常从物体的外观或样貌上来判断,是以视觉所接受的印象为依据的。
例如:The room looks clean.这间房看起来很干净。The girl looks like her mother.那女孩看起来向她的妈妈。
12. such/ so
(1)such常用作形容词,用来修饰名词。
例如:Don’t be such a fool.别这么傻。
He is such a clever boy.他是如此聪明的一个男孩。
(2) so是副词,用来修饰形容词或副词。 例如:He is so kind! 他真好心!
Why did you come so late? 你为何回来得如此晚?
当名词前有many, much, few, little等表示多、少时,应该用so。
例如:He has so many friends.他有如此多的朋友。 Only so little time is left! 才剩这么一点儿时间!
13. either/ too/ also
(1)either用作“也”时是副词,常用于否定句句尾。
例如:She is not a Japanese, I’m not, either.她不是日本人,我也不是。
My sister doesn’t like this song, either.我妹妹也不喜欢这首歌。
(2)too常用于肯定句或疑问句尾,表示“也”。
例如:He likes China, too.他也喜欢中国。 Are you in Grade 3, too? 你也在三年级吗?
(3)also也常用于肯定句或疑问句,但一般位于句中。
例如:We are also students.我们也是学生。 He also went there on foot.他也是走着去的。
Did you also want to have a look? 你也想看看吗?
14. if/ whether
在下列情况下只能用whether而非if:
(1)与or not连用时,只能用whether.
We want to know whether you are ill or not. 我们想知道你是否生病了。
Please tell me whether or not you have finished your work.请告诉我们你是否完成了工作。
(2)后接动词不定式时,只能用whether.
Adam didn’t know whether to go or stay.亚当不知道是走还是留。
He hasn’t decided whether to have dinner with me.他还没决定是否和我共进晚餐。
(3)所引导的宾语从句放在主句之前时,只能用whether.
Whether it will rain or snow, we don’t mind. 我们不在乎将要刮风还是下雨。
Whether I won or lost, she didn’t want to know.我是赢是输她不想知道。
(4)引导主语从句或表语从句时,一般用whether.
The most important was whether they had gone.最重要的是他们是不是已经走了。
Whether he will go with me is a secret.他是否会和我一起去还是个秘密。
if能引导条件状语从句,表示“如果,假如”,而whether没有此用法。
We’ll have a football match if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨,我们 要进行足球赛。
I’ll tell him if I sees him.我看见他就告诉他。
If you’re in danger, please call 110.如果你遇到危险,请拨打110。
15. cost/ spend/ pay/ take
(1) cost一般用某物来做主语,表示“(某物)值…、花费…”,既能指花费时间也能指金钱。
The new bike costs me 300 yuan.这辆新自行车花了我三百元。
It will cost you a whole to read through this book.通读这本书将会花费你整整一周时间。
cost 还可以用作名词,表示“成本、费用、价格、代价”等。
What’s the cost of this TV set? 这台电视机的成本是多少钱?
They succeeded at the cost of hard work.他们辛苦地工作换来的成功。
(2) spend一般用某人来作主语,表示“(某人)花费…,付出…”,也能指时间或金钱,指时间时常与in搭配,指金钱时常与on或for搭配。
We spent two days in repairing this machine.我们花了两天时间修理这台机器。
Mr. Lee spends $20 on books every month.李先生每月花二十美元在书上。
(3) pay用作动词时,一般也以某人作主语,但一般指花钱、付款等,很少用来指花费时间。常与for搭配使用。
例如:They paid 70 yuan for the tickets.他们花了七十元买票。
He was too poor to pay for his schooling.他穷得交不起学费。
pay还可以用作名词,意思为“薪水、工资”等。
It’s hard for me to live with such low pay.我很难靠这么低的薪水生活下去。
(4)take也指“花费(时间、金钱)”,但通常用某事、某物做主语,或用形式主语it.
How long will the meeting take? 会议要开多久?It took me several hours to get there. 我花了几个小时才到那儿。
16. bad/ badly
这两个词的意思含有“坏、糟、严重”等意思,且它们有共同的比较级worse和最高级worst 。
(1) bad是一个形容词,意思是“坏的,糟糕的,差的,严重的”。
例如:I don’t think he is a bad person.我并不认为他是一个坏人。I had a bad headache.我的头疼得很厉害。
(2)badly是一个副词,意思是“不好地,差”,也可以表示程度,意为“严重地,非常,极度”。
例如:We need help badly.我们急需帮助。His arm was badly hurt.他的胳膊严重受伤了。
17. interested/ interesting
(1) interested是指“对…产生兴趣的,对…感兴趣的”,一般用人做主语,后常用介词in.
例如:He was interested in biology before.他以前对生物感兴趣。 I’m not interested in art.我对艺术不感兴趣。
(2)interesting的意思是“有趣的”,指能够给人带来兴趣的某人或某事物。例如:
He is an interesting old man.他是个有趣的老头。The interesting story attracted me. 这个有趣的故事吸引了我。
18. dead/ die/ death/ dying
(1) dead是形容词,意思为“死了的、无生命的”,表示状态,可以与一段时间连用。 例如:
The tree has been dead for ten years.这棵树死了有十年了。The rabbits are all dead. 这些兔子都是死的。
(2) die是动词,意思为“死、死亡”,是一个瞬间动词,不能与一段时间连用。例如:
My grandpa died two years ago.我爷爷两年前去世了。The old man died of cancer.老人死于癌症。
(3) death是名词,意思为“死亡、去世”等。
The memorial hall was built one year after his death.他死后一年,纪念馆建成了。
His death is a great loss to us.他的死是我们的巨大损失。
(4) dying 是die的现在分词,用作形容词,意思是“垂死的、即将死去的”。
The doctors have saved the dying man.医生们救活了那个垂死的人。
The poor dog had no food, it was dying.可怜的狗没有食物,快要饿死了。
六.中考考点在本单元主要集中
1. 宾语从句的时态和语序;
2. 一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区别;
3. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型;
4. 本单元学习的日常交际用语。
考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。
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Unit 4 Hobbies
一、词汇
sing and dance 唱歌跳舞 be good at 擅长于
with my brother 和我弟弟 read stories 读故事
in the park 在公园里 play the piano 弹钢琴
a lot of 许多 watch films 看电影
talk about 谈论某事 my hobby 我的爱好
their hobbies 他们的爱好 in winter 在冬天
very well 很好 an idea 一个主意
a great idea 一个好主意 this afternoon 今天下午
on the ice 在冰上 be good at skating 擅长溜冰
a big hole 一个大洞 in the ice 在冰里
cold and wet 又冷又湿 like climbing 喜欢爬山
like swimming 喜欢游泳 like drawing 喜欢画画
play basketball 打篮球 play table tennis 打乒乓
play football 踢足球
二、句型
1. What do you like doing? 你喜欢干什么?
I like playing basketball and football. 我喜欢打篮球和踢足球。
2. I can play basketball well, but I’m not good at football. 我篮球打得很好,但我不擅长足球。
3. He likes playing football too. 他也喜欢踢足球。
4. She also likes playing the piano. 她也喜欢弹钢琴。
5. They both like swimming. 她们都喜欢游泳。
6. What does he like doing? 他喜欢干什么?
He likes drawing. 他喜欢画画。
7. What does she like doing ? 她喜欢干什么?
She likes reading stories. 她喜欢读故事。
8. What do they like doing? 她们喜欢干什么?
They like watching films. 她们喜欢看电影。
9. Sam and Billy talking about their hobbies. 山姆和比利谈论他们的爱好。
10. Let’s go skating this afternoon. 咱们今天下午去滑冰。
11. Look out! 小心!
12. There is a hole in the ice. 冰里有一个洞。
13.Do you like wearing yellow? 你喜欢穿黄色的衣服?
14. We all like climbing very much. 我们都十分喜欢爬山。
三、语音
Yy / j / year, yes, yellow, you, young
四、语法
1. 询问别人喜欢干某事,What do/ does … like doing ?
喜欢干某事 like doing sth, doing表示喜欢经常做一件事。主语是第三人称单数时注意like后面加s.
不喜欢干某事 don’t/ doesn’t like doing sth
2.动名词的变化规律:
a. 一般情况下在动词后面加 ing. 如 going, reading, drawing, playing…
b. 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去e再加ing. 如 dancing, making…
c. 以“元音+辅音”结尾的重读闭音节单词,先双写辅音字母再加ing. 如 swimming, running, getting, putting…
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Unit 1
一、知识点
1.Check in : 在旅馆的登记入住。 Checkout: 在旅馆结账离开。
2.By: ①通过…..方式(途径)。例:I learn English by listening to tapes.
②在…..旁边。例:by the window/thedoor
③乘坐交通工具例:by bus/car
④在……之前,到……为止。例:by October在10月前
⑤被 例:English is spoken by many people.
3.how与what的区别:
how通常对方式或程度提问,意思有:怎么样如何,通常用来做状语、表语。
what通常对动作的发出者或接受者提问,意思为什么,通常做宾语,主语。
①How is your summer holiday? It’sOK.(how表示程度做表语)
②How did you travel around the world? I travel by air.
③Whatdo you learn at school? I learn English,math and many other subjects.
①What…thinkof…? How…like…?
②What…dowith…? How…deal with…?
③What…like about…?How…like…?
④What’s the weatherlike today? How’s the weather today?
⑤What to do? How todo it?
e.g. What do you think of this book?=How do you like this book?
I don’t know what I should do with thematter.=I don’t know how I should deal with it.
What do you like aboutChina?=How do you like China?
I don’t know what to donext step?=I don’t know how to do it next step?
㊣ What good / bad weather it is today!(weather为不可数名词,其前不能加 a )
㊣ What a fine / bad day it istoday! (day为可数名词,其前要加 a )
4. aloud, loud与loudly的用法 : 三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。
①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,
常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级形式。
如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。
②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如:
She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。
③loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往
含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如:
He does not talkloudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。
5. voice 指人的嗓音也指鸟鸣。
sound 指人可以听到的各种声音。
noise 指噪音、吵闹声
6. find + 宾语 + 宾补(名词形容词介词短语分词等)
例:I find him friendly. I found him working in the garden.
We found him inbed. He found the window closed.
We found herhonest.
7. 常见的系动词有:
①是:am 、is、 are
②保持:keep、 stay
③ 转变:become、 get、 turn
④ ……起来 feel、 look、 smell、 taste、 sound
8. get + 宾语+宾补(形容词过去分词动词不定式)使某种情况发生
例:Get the shoes clean. 把鞋擦干净
Get Mr. Green tocome. 让格林先生进来
I want to get mybike repaired. 我想去修自行车
You can’t get himwaiting. 你不能让他老等着
9. 动词不定式做定语
①与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系
The next train to arrive was from New York. He is always the first tocome.
②与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系
I have nothing to say. I need a pen to write with.
I need some paper to write on. I don’t have a room to live in.
10. practice , fun 做名词为不可数名词
11. add 补充说又说
12. join 加入某团体并成为其中一员 attend 出席参加会议或讲座
join in与take part in指参加到某项活动中去。
13.all、 both、 always以及every复合词与not连用构成部分否定。其完全否定为:all---none, both---neither, everything---nothing, everybody---nobody.
14. be afraid of doing sth. / sth.害怕 be afraid of being alone
be afraid to dosth.害怕
be afraid that恐怕担心,表示委婉语气
15.either:①放在否定句末表示“也”
②两者中的“任一”
③either…or…或者…或者.…引导主语部分,谓语动词按照就近原则
16.complete完成,是个较正式的词,后不能接动名词
finish指日常事物的完成
17.a,an 与序数词连用表示“又一”,“再一”。
例:Please give me a secondapple. There comes a fifth girl.
18.have trouble/difficult/problem (in) doing….. 干…..遇到麻烦,困难
19.unless 除非,如果不,等于“if not”本身就表示否定,引导条件状语从句,主句为将来时,条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。
例:My baby sister doesn’t cryunless she’s hungry.
=My baby sister doesn’t cryif she isn’t hungry.
Unless you takemore care, you’ll have an accident.
如果你不多加小心的话,你会出事的。
20.instead: adv. 代替,更换。
例:We have no coffee, would youlike tea instead?
我们没有咖啡了,改喝茶好吗?
It will take daysby car, so let’s fly instead.
开车去要好几天呢,咱们还是坐飞机吧。
Tom was ill, so Iwent instead.汤姆病了,所以换了我去。
instead of doingsth. 作为某人或某事物的替换
例:Let’s play cardsinstead of watching TV.
We sometimes eatrice instead of potatoes.
Give me the redone instead of the green one.
21.spoken 口头的,口语的。spoken English 口头英语
speaking 讲话的,说某种语言的。Speaking skills讲英语的能力
22. 提建议的句子:
①What/ how about +doing sth.? 如:What/ How aboutgoing shopping?
②Why don’t you + do sth.? 如:Why don’t you goshopping?
③Why not + do sth. ? 如:Why not go shopping?
④Let’s + do sth. 如: Let’s go shopping
⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如:Shall we/ I go shopping?
23. a lot 许多 常用于句末如:I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。
24. too…to 太…而不能 常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth.
如:I’m too tired to say anything. 我太累了,什么都不想说。
25. not …at all 一点也不 根本不 如:
I like milk verymuch. I don’t like coffee at all.
我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。
not经常可以和助动词结合在一起,at all 则放在句尾
26.be / get excited aboutsth.=== be / get excited about doing sth.
=== be excited to do sth. 对…感兴奋如:
I am / get excited about going toBeijing.===
I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。
27. ① end up doing sth 终止做某事,结束做某事 如:
The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。
② end up with sth. 以…结束如:
The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。
28. first of all 首先
. to begin with 一开始
later on 后来、随
29. also 也、而且(用于肯定句)常在句子的中间
either 也(用于否定句)常在句末
too 也 (用于肯定句) 常在句末=as well
30. make mistakes 犯错
mistake sb. for …把……错认为……
make mistakes (in) doing sth. 在干某事方面出错
by mistake 错误地;由于搞错
mistake---mistook----mistaken
如:I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。
I mistook him for his brother.我错把他认成了他的哥哥。
make a mistake 犯一个错误如: I have made a mistake.
我已经犯了一个错误。
31. laugh at sb. 笑话;取笑(某人)
如:Don’t laugh at me!不要取笑我!
32. take notes 做笔记,做记录
33. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…乐意做… 如:
She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。
enjoy oneself 过得愉快如:He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。
34. native speaker 说本族语的人
35. one of +(the+ 形容词比较级)+名词复数形式 …其中之一
如: She is one of the most popular teachers. 她是最受欢迎的教师之一。
36. It’s +形容词+(for sb. ) to dosth. (对于某人来说)做某事…
如:It’s difficult (for me ) tostudy English.对于我来说学习英语太难了。
句中的it 是形式主语,真正的主语是to study English
37. practice doing 练习做某事 如:
She often practice speaking English. 她经常练习说英语。
38. decide to do sth. 决定做某事如:
LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 李雷已经决定去北京。
39. deal with 处理如:I dealt with a lotof problem.
40. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/ 某事
如:Mother worried about his sonjust now. 妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。
41. be angry with sb. 对某人生气如:
I was angry with her. 我对她生气。
42. perhaps === maybe 也许
43. go by (时间) 过去如: Two years wentby. 两年过去了。
44. see sb. / sth. doing 看见某人正在做某事强调正在发生
see sb. / sth. do 看见某人在做某事如:
如: She saw him drawing apicture in the classroom.她看见他正在教室里画画。
45. each other 彼此
46. regard… as … 把…看作为…. 如:
The boys regarded Anna as afool. 这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。
47. too many许多修饰可数名词如:too many girls
too much许多修饰不可数名词如:too much milk
much too太修饰形容词 如:much too beautiful
48. change…into…将…变为…
如:The magician changed the peninto a book. 这个魔术师将这本书变为一本书。
49. with the help of sb. ==with one’s help 在某人的帮助下
如:with the help of LiLei ==with LiLei’s help 在李雷的帮助下
50. compare … to …把…与…相比
如:Compare you to Anna, you are lucky.你和安娜相比,你是幸运的。
二、短语:
1.by making flashcards 通过做单词抽认卡
2. ask…for help 向某人求助
3.read aloud 朗读
4.that way (=in that way) 通过那种方式
5.improve my speaking skills 提高我的会话技巧
6.for example (=for instance)例如
7.have fun 玩得高兴
8.have conversations with friends 与朋友对话
9.get excited 高兴,激动
10.end up speaking in Chinese 以说汉语结束对话
11.do a survey about… 做有关…的调查
12.keep an English notebook 记英语笔记
13.spoken English (= oral English) 英语口语
14.make mistakes 犯错误
15.get the pronunciation right 使发音准确
16.practise speaking English 练习说英语
17.first of all 首先
18.begin with 以…开始
19.later on随后
20.in class在课堂上
21.laught at 嘲笑
22.take notes 记笔记
23.enjoy doing 喜欢干…
24.write down 写下,记下
25.look up (v + adv) 查找,查询
26.native speakers 说本族话的人
27.make up 编造,虚构,化妆,打扮
28.around the world 全世界
29.deal with 对待,处理,解决
30.worry about (be worried about) 担心,担忧
31.be angry with 生某人的气
32.stay angry 生气
33.go by 消逝
34. regard…as… 把…当做…
35.complain about/of 抱怨
36. change…into… 把…变成… (= turn into)
37.with the help of 在…的帮助下
38. compare…to (with)… 把…和…作比较
39.think of (think about) 想起,想到
40.physical problems身体上的问题
41.break off 中断,突然终止
42. not…at all 根本不,全然不
三、句子
1.How do you study for a test? 你怎样为考试做准备?
2.I have learned a lot that way. 用那种方法,我已经学到了很多东西。
3.It’s too hard to understand the voice. 听懂那些声音太难了。
4.Memorizing the words of pop songs also helped a little.
记流行歌曲的词也起作用。
5. Wei Ming feels differently. 卫明有不同的感受。
6.He finds watching movies frustrating. 他觉得看电影让人感到沮丧.
7.She added that having conversations with friends was not helpful atall.
她又说和朋友对话根本没用。
8.I don’t have a partner to practice English with.
我没有搭档一起练习英语。
9.Lateron, I realized that it doesn’t matter if you don’t understand every word.随后,我认识到听不懂每个词并没有关系。
10.It’s amazing how much this helped. 我惊异于这些方法竟如此有用。
11.My teacher is very impressed. 给老师留下了深刻的印象。
12.She had trouble making complete sentences. 她很难造出完整的句子。
13.What do you think you are doing? 你在做什么?
14.Most people speak English as a second language.
英语对于大多数人来说是第二语言。
15.How do we deal with our problem? 我们怎样处理我们的问题?
16.Itis our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge in our education withthe help of our teachers. 在老师的帮助下尽我们最大的努力来应对挑战是我们的责任。
He can’t walk oreven speak.他无法走路,甚至无法说话
Unit 2
一、知识点
1.used to 过去常常做某事,暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态. 后跟动词原形. used to do sth.
There used to be ….(反意疑问句)didn’t there?
否定形式为: didn’t use to 或 usedn’t to
疑问形式为: Did…use to…? 或 Used…to…?
be/get used todoing sth.习惯于, to 为介词.
2. wear 表示状态. =be in +颜色的词
put on 表示动作.
dress + 人给某人穿衣服.dress sb. /oneself
have on表示状态(不用于进行时态)
3. on the swim team on 是…的成员,在…供职.
4. Don’t you remember me? 否定疑问句.(考点)
Yes, I do. 不, 我记得. No, I don’t 是的, 我不记得了.
5. 反意疑问句:
① 陈述部分的主语为 this, that, 疑问部分主语用it; 陈述部分主语用 these, those, 疑问部分用they 做主语.
例: This is a new story, isn’t it?
Those are your parents, aren’tthey?
② 陈述部分是 there be 结构, 疑问部分仍用 there
例: There was a mannamed Paul, wasn’t there?
③ I am 后的疑问句, 用aren’t I
例: I am in Class 2,aren’t I?
④ 陈述部分与含有 not, no, never,few, little, hardly, seldom, neither, none 等词时,疑问部分用肯定.
例: Few people likedthis movie, didn’t they?
但陈述句中若带有否定前缀或后缀的单词时, 这个句子仍视为肯定, 后面仍用否定.
例: Your sister isunhappy, isn’t she?
⑤ 陈述部分的主语若为不定式或 V-ing 短语, 疑问部分主语用it.
例: To spend so muchmoney on clothes is unnecessary, isn’t it?
⑥ 陈述句中主语是 nobody, no one,everyone, everybody 等指人的不定代词时,疑问部分用they做主语; 若陈述部分主语是 something, anything, noting, everything 等指事物的不定代词时, 疑问部分用it 做主语.
例: Nobody says oneword about the accident, do they?
Everything seems perfect,doesn’t it?
⑦ 当主语是第一人称I时, 若谓动为think, believe,guess 等词时, 且其后跟宾丛,这时疑问句部分的人称, 时态要与宾语从句保持一致, 同时还要考虑否定转移.
例: I don’t think hecan finish the work in time, can he?
⑧ 前面是祈使句, 后用 will you? (let’s 开头时, 后用shall we?)
6. be terrified of 害怕的程度比 be afraid of 深.
7. miss: ① 思念, 想念 例: I really missthe old days.
② 错过, 未中, 未赶上, 未找到.
例: It’s a pity thatyou miss the bus.
The boy shot at the goal, butmissed.
8. no more (用在句中)=not…any more (用在句尾) 指次数;
no longer (用在句中)=not…any longer (用在句尾) 指时间.
9. right: ① adj. 正确的, 右边的② n. 右方, 权利③ adv. 直接地.
10. Itseems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. = Yu Mei seems to have changed a lot.
11. afford + n. /pron. afford +to do 常与can, be able to 连用.
例: Can you afford anew car?
The film couldn’t afford to paysuch large salaries.
12. aswell as 连词, 不但…而且… 强调前者. (若引导主语, 谓动与前者在人称和数上一致
例: Living thingsneed air and light as well as water.
生命不仅需要水, 还需要空气和阳光.
I as well as they am ready tohelp you.
不仅是他们, 我也愿意帮助你.
13. alone = by oneself 独自一人. lonely 孤独的, 寂寞的.
14. in the last/past + 一段时间
during the last/past + 一段时间 与现在完成时连用.
15. die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) dying (垂死的)
16. play the piano弹钢琴
17. ①be/ become interested insth. 对…感兴趣
②be interested in doing sth. 对做…感兴趣
③show great interest in 在……方面产生极大的兴趣
④a place of interest 一处名胜 some places of interest
如:He is interested in math, buthe isn’t interested in speaking
English. 他对数学感兴趣,但是他对说英语不感兴趣。
⑤ interested adj. 感兴趣的,指人对某事物感兴趣,往往主语是人
⑥ interesting adj.有趣的,指某事物/某人具有趣味,主语往往是物
⑦ an interesting book / man
18. 害怕… be terrified of sth. 如:I am terrified of the dog.
be terrified of doing sth. 如:I am terrified ofspeaking.
19. on 副词,表示(电灯、电视、机械等)在运转中/打开,
其反义词off. with the light on 灯开着
20. walk to somewhere 步行到某处 walk to school 步行到学校
21.spend 动词,表示“花费金钱、时间”
①spend…on sth. 在某事上花费(金钱、时间)
②spend…doing sth. 花费(金钱、时间)去做某事如:
He spends too much time on clothes. 他花费太多的时间在衣着
He spend 3 months building the bridge.他花费了三个月去建这座桥。
pay for 花费#p#副标题#e#
如:I pay 10 yuan for the book. 我花了10元买这本书。
take动词有“花费”的意思常用的结构有:
It take(s) sb. … to do sth. 如:It takes me a day to read thebook.
22. chat with sb. 与某人闲聊如:I like to chatwith him.
我喜欢和他聊天。
23. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/某事worry 是动词
be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事worried 是形容词
如:Don’t worry about him. 不用担心他。
Mother is worried about her son. 妈妈担心他的儿子。
24. all the time 一直、始终
25. take sb. to + 地方送/带某人去某个地方如:
A person took him to thehospital. 一个人把他送到了医院。
Lui took me home. 刘把我送回了家。(home 的前面不能用to)
26. hardly adv. 几乎不、没有 hard 困难的;猛烈地
hardly ever 很少
hardly 修饰动词时,通常放在助动词、情态动词之后,实义
动词之前助动词/情态动词+hardly
hardly + 实义动词如:
I can hardly understand them.我几乎不能够明白他们。
I hardly have timeto do it. 我几乎没有时间去做了。
It rains hard outside,I could hardly go out.
27. in the last few years. 在过去的几年内常与完成时连用如:
I have lived in China in the last fewyears. 在过去的几年内我在中国住。
28. be different from 与…不同
29. how to swim 怎样游泳
不定式与疑问词连用:动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when 等引导的疑问句连用,构成不定工短语。如:
The question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。
I don’t know where to go. 我不知道去哪。
30. make sb./ sth. + 形容词make you happy
make sb./ sth. + 动词原形 make him laugh
31. move to +地方搬到某地如:I moved to Beijinglast year.
32.It seems that +从句看起来好像……如:
It seems that he has changeda lot. 看起来他好像变了许多。
33. help sb. with sth. 帮某人某事
help sb. (to ) do sth. 帮某人做某事
She helped me with English.她帮助我学英语。
She helped me (to) study English。她帮助我学习英语。
34. fifteen-year-old 作形容词15岁的
fifteen-year-olds 作名词指15岁的人
fifteen years old 指年龄15岁如:
a fifteen-year-old boy一个15岁的男孩
Fifteen-year-olds like to sing. 15岁的人喜欢唱歌。
I am fifteen years old . 我是15岁。
35.支付不起… can’t /couldn’tafford to do sth.
can’t / couldn’t afford sth.
如:I can’t/couldn’t afford tobuy the car.
I can’t/couldn’t afford the car. 我买不起这个辆小车。
36. as + 形容词./副词+as sb. could/can 尽某人的…能力如:
Zhou run as fast as her could/can. 她尽她最快的能力去跑。
37. get into trouble with 遇到麻烦
38. in the end 最后
39. make a decision 下决定下决心
40. to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶如:
to their surprise令他们惊讶to LiLei’s surprise令李雷惊讶
41. take pride in sth. 以…而自豪如:
His father always take pride in him. 他的爸爸总是以他而自豪
42. pay attention to sth. 对…注意,留心如:
You must pay attention toyour friend. 你应该多注意你的朋友。
43. be able to do sth. 能做某事如:
She is able to do it. 她能够做到。
44. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事如:
My father has given upsmoking. 我爸爸已经放弃吸烟了。
复合句与简单句的转化:
① when ------ at the age of …
② so…that…----- too… to…. / enough to …
③ so that…------ in order to do sth.
④ because…----- because of…
⑤ if ….----- without / with…
⑥ if…----- 祈使句+ and / or + 简单句
⑦ 宾语从句----特殊疑问词+动词不定式
⑧be sure that +从句---- 动词不定式
be sorry
⑨ It seems / seemed that sb….------ sb. seems / seemedto do sth.
⑩ Sb. hopes / hoped that ….-------sb. hopes / hoped todo sth.
二、短语
1. be more interested in 对…更感兴趣.
2. on the swim team 游泳队的队员.
3. be terrified of 害怕.
4. gym class 体操课.
5. worry about. 担心.
6. all the time 一直, 总是
7. chat with 与…闲聊
8. hardly ever 几乎从不
9. walk to school = go to school on foot
take the bus to school = go toschool by bus
10. as well as 不仅…而且
11. get into trouble 遇到麻烦
12. make a decision 做出决定
13. to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是
14. take pride in 为…感到骄傲
15. pay attention to 留心, 注意
16. consist of 由…组成/构成. be made upof 由…组成/构成.
17. instead of 代替, 而不是
18. in the end 最后, 终于
19. play the piano 弹钢琴
三、句子
1.I used to be afraid of the dark. 我以前害怕黑暗.
2.I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 我开着卧室的灯睡觉.
3.Iused to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends. 以前我常常花很多时间和我的朋友们玩游戏.
4.I hardly ever have time for concerts. 我几乎没有时间去听音乐会.
5.My life has changed a lot in the last few years.
6.It will make you stressed out. 那会使你紧张的.
7.It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. 玉梅似乎变化很大.
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Unit1 Making Friend
1、“would like to do”表示“想做……” = want to do
E.g. I would like/want to play basketball.我想打篮球。
2、Playing chess是动词-ing短语,用在is后面作表语
动词-ing短语还可以作主语
enjoy + doing形式
3、finish, keep, practise等+doingsth. work as——从事…工作
E.g. He worked as a bus driver when he was20. He is keen on running.
4、be in glasses = be wearing glasses 意思是“戴着眼镜”=Iam wearing glasses
舞者dance + r 演员act + or 招待员wait + er 工程师engine + er
5、表示“参加某一组织”,“代表某一队伍”时,常用介词on
6、one of + superlative(最高级)+ n.(plural)(名词复数),表示…中最(怎么样)的之一
E.g. Beijing is one of the biggest cities in China.
7、不定冠词a & an
●当第一次提及某人或某物时,在名词前使用a或an
●当以辅音音素开头的单词时,前面用a E.g. a house, a useful book
●当以元音因素开头的单词时,前面用an E.g. an apple, an hour
8、定冠词the
●当我们在次提及到某人或某物时,在名词前用the
●在表示独一无二的事时要用the
●国家名和地名前面不用the,例外:the UK, theUSA
●play the guitar, play volleyball 乐器前加the,球类前不加the
●序数词前加the,三餐前不加the,指一家人前加the
9、many + C.修饰可数名词 much + U. 修饰不可数名词
10、at the beginning of在…的开始
at the end of在…的末尾
in the middle在…中间
11、why not + do sth. = why don’t you do sth.
Unit2 Our Daily Life
1、单数概念:one…the other…两者中的一个,另一个 E.g. I have two brothers. One is a doctor, and the other is a teacher.
2、单数概念:one…another…三者或三者中的一个,另一个
3、复数概念:some…other + n.(pl.)一些…,另一些…(无明确范围)
E.g. Some students come from Yuexiu, some are fromBaiyun and others are from Panyu.
4、复数概念:some…the other + n.(pl.)一些…,另一些…(有明确范围)
E.g. There are nine apples on the table. Some arered, the others are green.
5、一般现在时
●频率副词通常位于:be动词,助动词,情态动词的后面,行为动词的前面。sometimes还可以位于句首。
●一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态、日常行为习惯或客观事实等。
●谓语动词是be动词的变化:
●否定句:主语+ be + not +其它 一般疑问句:be +主语+其它 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句?
●谓语动词是行为动词的变化:主语+行为动词原型(+其它)
●当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在行为动词后加“-s”或“-es”
●否定句:主语+don’t(doesn’t)+动词原型(+其它) 一般疑问句:Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它
●特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?
●动词第三人称单数形式的构成:
(1)一般的动词后面直接加-s,如:walk→walks
(2)以-s, -x, -sh或-ch结尾的动词后加-es,如:discuss→discusses
(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,变y为i再加-es,如:study→studies
(4)特殊变化,如:do→does
6、with+身体特征,经常用来描述一个人的动作、体态特征、外貌或身上的装饰品
E.g. the girl with big eyes, the boy with his handson his head
7、be in+颜色+衣服表示穿着什么颜色的衣服
E.g. be in the blue T-shirt, be in the white shirt
Unit3 Troubles
1、interesting、exciting 通常用来描述事物
interested、excited 通常描述人
注:-ed 修饰人,-ing 修饰物。
2、keep意为“保持”,连系动词。后跟形容词构成系表结构。表示“保持某种状态”。类似用法的连系动词还有feel,become等
E.g.feel hot, become more beautiful
3、一般过去时
●表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态,一般与表示过去的时间状语连用。
●规则动词的过去式变化方式:
(1)一般的动词后面加-ed
(2)以-e结尾的动词后面加-d
(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i,再加-ed
(4)以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed
4、be→was/were bring→brought buy→bought can→could
come→came do→did drive→drove fall→fell get→got
give→gave go→went hear→heard know→knew meet→met
leave→left put→put ride→roderun→ran say→said see→saw
speak→spoke stand→stood steal→stole take→took
teach→taught wear→wore
5、-ed发音规则:清辅音后发/t/,浊辅音、元音后发/d/, t、d后发/id/
E.g. asked turned argued started ended
6、fewer and fewer friends 朋友越来越少
lessand less money 钱越来越少
注:few修饰可数,less修饰不可数#p#副标题#e#
Unit4 Hobbies
1、all的部分否定和全否定:
肯定句:All the stars are the same. 所有的星星都是一样的。
部分否定:Not all the stars are the same. = All stars are not the same.
全否定句:None of the stars are the same. (none /n∧n/ 所有都不)
2、It’s+ adj. + to do sth. 做什么事情是怎样的。
It是形式主语,真正的主语是to do sth.
E.g.It’s important to learn English well. = To learn English well is important. =Learning English well is important.
3、aswell as连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词用“就远原则”,也就是跟最前边的主语保持一致。
E.g.The teacher as well as the students wants to see the film.
4、when从句可放在主句前或后,当位于主句之前时,句中要用逗号隔开。
5、when时间状语从句中,主句与从句的时态要一致。
6、区别except/besides和except for:
except:指“(不包括本身在内的)除……之外”,“-”
E.g.He gets up early every day except Sunday.
besides:指“(包括本身在内的)除……之外”,“+”
E.g.Five others were late besides me.
exceptfor:指前后比较范围是不同类型的
E.g.Except for one old man, the bus was empty.
Unit5 Encyclopaedias
1、当neither…nor…连接两个主语时,主谓一致采用“就近原则”,即跟后边的那个主语保持人称和数的一致。
E.g.Neither you nor she is wrong. Neither shenor you are wrong.
2、anumber of“许多的;大量的”,=many,修饰可数名词复数,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
E.g.A number of students are playing on the playground.
3、Countable& Uncountable Noun 可数与不可数名词:
单数 | 复数 | |
近 | this 这个 | these 这些 |
远 | that 那个 | those 那些 |
●修饰可数名词:不定冠词(a, an),数词many, (a)few, several, a number of
修饰不可数名词:much, (a)little, a great deal of
共同的:some, all, a lot of, lots of
●可数名词复数的构成方法:
(1)一般在名词后加-s:dog→dogs
(2)以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词加-es:watch→watches
(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词改y为i再加es:country→countries
(4)以o结尾的名词,加-s或-es:potato→potatoes, tomato→tomatoes
(5)以f, fe结尾的名词,改f, fe为v加-es:knife→knives
(6)需要记忆的特殊复数形式
复合词的复数:改中心词为复数 girl student→girl students
一张纸 a piece of paper, 一条建议 a piece of advice, 一条新闻 a piece of news,
一支粉笔 a piece of chalk, 一瓶墨水 a bottle of ink, 一碗米饭 a bowl of rice,
一杯啤酒 a glass of beer, 一公斤盐 a kilo of salt
易错知识点归类例析
[第一类] 名词类
1.这些女老师们在干什么?
[误] What are the woman teachers doing?
[正] What are the women teachers doing?
[析] 在英语中,当一名词作定语修饰另一名词(单或复数形式)时,作定语的名词一般要用其单数形式;但当man,woman作定语修饰可数名词复数形式时,要用其复数形式men,women.
2.房间里有多少人?
[误] How many peoples are there in the room?
[正] How many people are there in the room?
[析] people作“人、人们”解时,是个集合名词,其单复数同形。
3.我想为我儿子买两瓶牛奶。
[误] I want to buy two bottle of milk for my son.
[正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son.
[析] 表示不可数名词的数量时,常用“a / an或数词+表量的可数名词+ of + 不可数名词”这一结构,其中当数词大于1时,表量的可数名词要用其复数形式。
[第二类] 动词类
4.你妹妹通常什么时候去上学?
[误] What time does your sister usually goes to school?
[正] What time does your sister usually go to school?
[析] 借助助动词do(或does)构成疑问句或否定句时,句中的谓语动词用其原形。
5.琳达晚上经常做作业,但今晚她在看电视。
[误] Linda often do her homework in the evening,but this evening she watching TV.
[正] Linda often does her homework in the evening,but this evening she is watching TV.
[析] 在初一英语学习阶段,我们接触到了两种主要时态:一般现在时和现在进行时。一般现在时表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常和often,usually,sometimes等时间状语连用。在一般现在时的句子中,若主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词要用其第三人称单数形式。现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行或发生的动作,现在进行时由be(am / is / are)+ving形式构成。
6这双鞋是红色的。
[误] This pair of shoes are red.
[正] This pair of shoes is red.
[析] 在shoes,trousers,gloves,glasses等表示成双成对的衣物或工具名词前用pair(表计量)修饰时,谓语动词的形式由pair的单复数形式来决定。
[第三类] 代词类
7.这张票是她的,不是我的。
[误] This is hers ticket. It’s not my.
[正] This is her ticket. It’s not mine.
[析] 物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。形容词性物主代词之后一定要接名词,而名词性物主代词之后不需接任何词。
8.吴老师教我们英语。
[误] Miss Wu teaches our English.
[正] Miss Wu teaches us English.
[析] teach sb. sth.中的sb.作teach的宾语,因此当sb.为人称代词时要用其宾格形式。
[第四类] 介词类
9.你能找到这个问题的答案吗?
[误] Can you find the answer of this question?
[正] Can you find the answer to this question?
[析] 英语中用“the answer to …”表示“……的答案”。类似结构还有thekey to the door,the way to the zoo等。
10.格林先生星期六上午来这里。
[误] Mr Green will come here in Sunday evening.
[正] Mr Green will come here on Sunday evening.
[析] 表示在上午、下午等时,介词要用in;而表示在具体的某天上午、下午时,介词要用on.
11.那个穿着红裙子的小女孩是我们老师的女儿。
[误] That little girl on a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.
[正] That little girl in a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.
[析] 用介词表示“穿戴衣物”时,只能用in,其他介词没有此用法。
[第五类] 副词类
12.莉莉,你为什么不回家呢?
[误] Lily,why don’t you go to home?
[正] Lily,why don’t you go home?
[析] come,go 等后接here,there,home等地点副词时,地点副词前不加to。
[第六类] 连词类
13.我喜欢语文和英语,但我不喜欢体育和历史。
[误] I like Chinese and English,but I don’tlike P.E.and history.
[正] I like Chinese and English,but I don’tlike P.E.or history.
[析] 在肯定句中并列成分之间用and来连接;而在否定句中,并列成分之间的连接需用or。
[第七类] 冠词类
14.乘飞机去北京花了史密斯一家人一个小时。
[误] It takes Smiths a hour to go to Beijing by a plane.
[正] It takes the Smiths an hour to go to Beijing by plane.
[析] 1.表示“……一家人”用结构“the + 姓氏复数”;
2.our 一词的第一个字母不发音,它是以元音音素开头的,所以“一小时”要用an hour;
3.用介词by表示“乘坐”某种交通工具时,交通工具名词前不加任何冠词。
[第八类] 句法类
15. ――你不是学生吗? ――不,我是学生。
[误] ――Aren’t you a student? ――No,I am.
[正] ――Aren’t you a student? ――Yes,I am.
[析] 对否定疑问句的回答是用Yes还是用No,这取决于实际情况:如果事实是肯定的,就用Yes表“不”;如果事实是否定的,就用No表“是的”。
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一. 重点短语
1. at the moment
2. used to
3. for a while
4. walk away with sth.
5. leave for some place
6. sooner or later
7. pay for
8. come up with an idea
9. think of
10. have a try
11. all over the world
12. be famous for
13. large numbers of
14. all the year round
15. no matter what
16. give up
17. for example
18. by the way
19. on business
20. so far
21. come true
22. set off
23. slow down
24. go on doing
25. wait for
26. be proud of
27. be afraid of
28. speak highly of
29. a year and a half
30. half a year
31. pick up
32. as soon as
33. keep… clean
34. take care of
35. cut down
36. make a contribution to
37. base on
38. make sure
39. take away
40. begin with
41. right now
42. as soon as possible
43. leave a message
44. all kinds of things
45. walk around
46. fall asleep
47. wake up
48. go on a trip
49. have a good time
50. take photos
51. come out
52. come on
53. have a family meeting
54. talk about
55. go for a holiday
56 go scuba diving
57. write down
58. by oneself
59. walk along
60. get a chance to do sth
61. have a wonderful time
62. book a room
63. have an accident
64. be interested in
65. use sth. to do sth.
66. make a TV show
67. be amazed at
68. take part in
69. feed on
70. get out of
二. 重要句型
1. Why don’t you do sth.?
2. make sb. Happy
3. borrow sth. from sb.
4. forget to do sth.
5. pay fro sth.
6. return sth. To sb.
7. learn sth. from sb.
8. be famous for sth.
9. No matter what…
10. be with sb.
11. go on doing sth.
12. speak highly of sb.
13. keep doing sth.
14. allow sb. To do sth.
15. encourage sb. to do sth.
16. It is said that…
三. 交际用语
1. --- Excuse me, have you got …?
--- Yes, I have. (Sorry, I haven’t.)
2. --- Why don’t you …?
--- Thanks, I will.
3. --- Thanks a lot. (Thank you very much.)
--- You are welcome.
4. --- Have you ever done…?
--- Yes, I have, once. (No, never.)
5. --- I’ve just done…
--- Really?
6. ---What’s …like ?
7. --- How long have you been…?
--- Since…
8. --- Have you ever been to…?
--- I’ve never been there. (None of us has./ Only …has. )
9. --- Would you like to have a try?
--- I don’t think I can…
10. --- What have you done since…?
11. --- How long have you been at this …?
--- For…
12. --- How long has she/ he worked there…?
--- She’s / He’s worked there for… / all her / his life.
13. --- I’m sorry he isn’t here right now.
14. --- May I help you?
15. --- That’s very kind of you.
16. ---Could we go scuba diving?
17. --- Could you tell us how long we’re going to be away?
18. --- Let’s try to find some information about it, OK?
19. --- Could you please tell me how to search the Internet?
20. --- Go straight along here.
21. ---Please go to Gate 12.
22. --- Please come this way.
23. --- Could you tell me what you think about Hainan Island?
24. --- That sounds really cool!#p#副标题#e#
四. 重要语法
1. 宾语从句
2. 现在完成时
3. 一般过去时与现在完成时的用法比较
五.重要知识点讲解
1. Maybe/ may be
(1) maybe是副词,意思是“大概,也许”,常用作状语。例如: Maybe you put it in your bag.也许你把它放在包里了。“Will he come tomorrow?”“Maybe not.” “他明天来吗?”“也许不”。
(2) may be相当于是情态动词may与be动词搭配一起作谓语,意思是“也许是…,可能是…”。
例如:It may be 9:00 when they arrive.他们可能于九点到达。The man may be a lawyer. 那人也许是律师。
2. borrow/ lend/ keep/ use
(1) borrow表示的是从别人那里借来东西,即我们通常所说的“借进来”。例如:We often borrow books from our school library.我们经常从学校图书馆借书。I borrowed this dictionary from my teacher. 我从老师那儿借来了这本字典。
borrow是一个瞬间完成的动作,因此不能与时间段连用。
例如:You can borrow my recorder for three days. ( 错误 )I have borrowed this book for only one week. ( 错误 )
(2) lend表示的是把自己的东西借给别人,即我们通常所说的“借出去”。 例如:Thank you for lending me your bike.谢谢你把自行车借给我。He often lends money to his brother.他经常借钱给他弟弟。
lend与borrow一样,也是一个瞬间完成的 动作,不能与一段时间连用。
(3) keep的意思也是“借”,但一般是指借来后的保存或使用阶段,是一段持续的时间,因此可以与时间段连用。例如:You can keep my recorder for three days.我的录音机你可以借用三天。
I have kept this book for only one week.这本书我才刚借了一星期。
(4) use也可以当“借用”讲,但它的本意是“用,使用”。例如:May I use your ruler? 我能借你的尺子用一下吗?He had to use this public telephone.他不得不使用这部公用电话。
3. leave/ leave for
(1) leave意思是“离开,留下”。 例如:We left Shanghai two years ago.我们两年前离开了上海。
He left his cell phone in the taxi last week.他上周把手机落在出租车里了。
(2) leave for意思是“前往”,表示要去的目的地。例如:We will leave for Tibet next month.我们将于下月去西藏。The train is leaving for Moscow.这趟火车即将开往莫斯科。
4. since/ for
(1) since用于完成时态,既能用作介词,也能用作连词,后常接时间点,意思是“自从”。 例如:
He has been a worker since he came into this city.自从他来到这个城市,他就是工人了。
I have never seen him since we last met in Shanghai .自从我们上次在上海见过之后我再也没见过他。
since作连词,还有“既然”的意思。例如: Since you are interested in it, just do it. 既然你对它感兴趣,那就做吧。 You can have fun now since you’ve finished your work.既然你已经做完了功课,就开心玩会儿吧。
(2) for用于完成时,用作介词,后常接一段时间,意思是“经过…”。例如: I have learned English for five years.我已经学了五年英语了。They have waited for you for 30 minutes.他们已经等了你三十分钟了。
for也可以用作连词,但意思是“因为”。 例如: They missed the flight for they were late.他们由于完到了而误了航班。He fell ill for many reasons.他由于多种原因病倒了。
5. neither/ either/ both
(1) neither作代词是对两者都进行否定,意思为“两者都不”,作主语时谓语动词用单数.例如:Neither of the boys is from England.这两个男孩都不是来自英国。I know neither of them. 他们两个我都不认识。
neither用作形容词,也修饰单数名词,意思与作代词时相同;用作连词时,一般与nor搭配,表示 “既不…也不”。作主语时,谓语动词也遵循就近原则。 例如:She neither ate nor drank yesterday. 她昨天既不吃也不喝。Neither he nor we play football on Sundays. 他和我们星期天都不踢球。
(2) either作代词时,是指两者中的任意一方,(两者之)每一个,故作主语时谓语动词用单数.
例如:Either of the books is new.这两本书任何一本都是新的.
She doesn’t like either of the films.这两部电影她都不喜欢.
either作形容词, 用来修饰单数名词,意思与作介词时相同.
例如:Either school is near my home. (这两所学校中的)任何一所学校都离我家很近.
Either question is difficult.两个问题(中的任何一个)都难.
either作连词时,一般与or搭配,表示两者选其一,意思是“不是…就是”。作主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则。
Either he or I am right.不是他就是我是对的。
Either my sister or my parents are coming to see me.不是我姐姐就是我父母要来看我。
(3) both作代词时,指的是所涉及到的“两者都”, 故作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
I like both of the stories.这两个故事我都喜欢。Both of my parents are teachers.我父母两人都是老师。
both作形容词时,用来修饰两者,意思与作代词时相同.Both his arms are hurt.他的两只胳膊都受伤了。
Both these students are good at English. 这两个学生都擅长英语。
both用作连词时,多与and搭配,表示“既…又, 不仅…而且”, 作主语时,谓语动词仍用复数形式。
Both piano and violin are my bobbies.钢琴和小提琴都是我的爱好。
They study both history and physics. 他们既学历史,又学物理。
6. find/look for/ find out
(1) find强调找的结果,意思是“找到”。此外还有“发现,发觉”的意思,后可接宾语从句。
例如:Jim couldn’t find his hat.吉姆找不着帽子了。Have you found your lost keys? 你找到丢失的钥匙了吗?
He found the lights were on along the street.他发现沿街的灯都亮了
(2) look for的意思为“寻找”,指的是找的动作而非结果。另外,还有“盼望,期待”的意思。
例如:She is looking for her son.她正在找她的儿子。
We’ve been looking for the car since early this morning.我们从今天一大早就开始找这辆车了。
I look for the coming holiday.我期待着即将来临的假期。
(3) find out含有经过观察、研究或探索而得知的意思,后常接较抽象的事物,意思是“找出,发现,查明(真相)”等。
例如: I can find out who took my money away.我能查出谁拿了我的钱。
Could you find out when the plane arrives? 你能设法知道飞机何时到吗?
7. forget to do/ forget doing
(1) forget to do是指忘记去做某件事了,即该事还没有做。
例如: Please don’t forget to call this afternoon.今天下午不要忘了给我打电话。
I forgot to take some small change with me.我身上忘了带零钱了。
(2) forget doing是指忘记某件已经做过的事情,即该事已经做了,但被忘记了。
例如:He forgot telling me his address.他忘了告诉过我地址了。
They forgot having been here before.他们忘了以前曾来过这儿。
8. stop doing/ stop to do
(1) stop doing是指停止做某事,即doing这个动作不再继续。
例如:They stopped debating.他们停止了辩论。(不辩论了)
He had to stop driving as the traffic lights changed in to red. 由于交通灯变成了红色他不得不停车。
(2) stop to do是指停下来开始做另一件事,即停止原先的事,开始做do这个动作。
例如:She stopped to have a rest.她停下来休息会儿。(开始休息)They stopped to talk.他们停下来开始交谈。
9. except/ besides
(1) except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”,可以理解为“撇开…不谈”,表示两部分的不同。 Everyone is excited except me.除我以外的每个人都很激动。(他们激动,而我却不激动)All the visitors are Japanese except him.除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。(其他人是日本人,可他不是)
(2)besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”,可以理解为“除之外…还、除之外…又”,表示两部分的相似性。
例如:Twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him.除他以外,还有25个学生去看了电影。(他和另外25人都去了)
We like biology besides English.除了英语外,我们还喜欢生物。(生物和英语都喜欢)
besides还可用作副词,意思是“此外;而且”,常用于句首或句尾。
例如:He is a great thinker, and besides, he is a politician.他是一名伟大的思想家,除此以外,他还是一位政治家。
They encouraged me, and they supported me with money, besides. 他们不仅鼓励我,而且与我以金钱上的支持。
10. keep doing/ keep on doing
(1) keep doing指的是连续地、坚持不断地做某事,中间不间断。
例如:It kept blowing for a whole day.刮了一整天风了。
The temperature keeps dropping.温度持续下降。
(2) keep on doing是指反复坚持做某事,但动作之间略有间隔。
例如:They have kept on writing to each other for many years.他们已经互相通信多年了。
After drinking some water, he kept on talking.喝了一些水后,他坚持讲话。
11. seem/ look
(1) seem一般着重于以客观迹象为依据,意思是“似乎、好象、看起来…”。
例如:The baby seems to be happy.婴儿看上去似乎很高兴。
He seemed to be sorry for that.他似乎为那件事感到抱歉。
seem能与to do结构连用,而look不能。
例如:It seems to rain. 似乎要下雨了。
They seemed to have finished their work.他们似乎已经完成了工作。
在it作形式主语的句型中只能用seem。
例如:It seems that he is quite busy now.他现在看起来很忙。
It seems to us that there is nothing serious.在我看来没什么大不了的。
(2) look用作“看起来;好像”时,常从物体的外观或样貌上来判断,是以视觉所接受的印象为依据的。
例如:The room looks clean.这间房看起来很干净。The girl looks like her mother.那女孩看起来向她的妈妈。#p#副标题#e#
12. such/ so
(1)such常用作形容词,用来修饰名词。
例如:Don’t be such a fool.别这么傻。
He is such a clever boy.他是如此聪明的一个男孩。
(2) so是副词,用来修饰形容词或副词。 例如:He is so kind! 他真好心!
Why did you come so late? 你为何回来得如此晚?
当名词前有many, much, few, little等表示多、少时,应该用so。
例如:He has so many friends.他有如此多的朋友。 Only so little time is left! 才剩这么一点儿时间!
13. either/ too/ also
(1)either用作“也”时是副词,常用于否定句句尾。
例如:She is not a Japanese, I’m not, either.她不是日本人,我也不是。
My sister doesn’t like this song, either.我妹妹也不喜欢这首歌。
(2)too常用于肯定句或疑问句尾,表示“也”。
例如:He likes China, too.他也喜欢中国。 Are you in Grade 3, too? 你也在三年级吗?
(3)also也常用于肯定句或疑问句,但一般位于句中。
例如:We are also students.我们也是学生。 He also went there on foot.他也是走着去的。
Did you also want to have a look? 你也想看看吗?
14. if/ whether
在下列情况下只能用whether而非if:
(1)与or not连用时,只能用whether.
We want to know whether you are ill or not. 我们想知道你是否生病了。
Please tell me whether or not you have finished your work.请告诉我们你是否完成了工作。
(2)后接动词不定式时,只能用whether.
Adam didn’t know whether to go or stay.亚当不知道是走还是留。
He hasn’t decided whether to have dinner with me.他还没决定是否和我共进晚餐。
(3)所引导的宾语从句放在主句之前时,只能用whether.
Whether it will rain or snow, we don’t mind. 我们不在乎将要刮风还是下雨。
Whether I won or lost, she didn’t want to know.我是赢是输她不想知道。
(4)引导主语从句或表语从句时,一般用whether.
The most important was whether they had gone.最重要的是他们是不是已经走了。
Whether he will go with me is a secret.他是否会和我一起去还是个秘密。
if能引导条件状语从句,表示“如果,假如”,而whether没有此用法。
We’ll have a football match if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨,我们 要进行足球赛。
I’ll tell him if I sees him.我看见他就告诉他。
If you’re in danger, please call 110.如果你遇到危险,请拨打110。
15. cost/ spend/ pay/ take
(1) cost一般用某物来做主语,表示“(某物)值…、花费…”,既能指花费时间也能指金钱。
The new bike costs me 300 yuan.这辆新自行车花了我三百元。
It will cost you a whole to read through this book.通读这本书将会花费你整整一周时间。
cost 还可以用作名词,表示“成本、费用、价格、代价”等。
What’s the cost of this TV set? 这台电视机的成本是多少钱?
They succeeded at the cost of hard work.他们辛苦地工作换来的成功。
(2) spend一般用某人来作主语,表示“(某人)花费…,付出…”,也能指时间或金钱,指时间时常与in搭配,指金钱时常与on或for搭配。
We spent two days in repairing this machine.我们花了两天时间修理这台机器。
Mr. Lee spends $20 on books every month.李先生每月花二十美元在书上。
(3) pay用作动词时,一般也以某人作主语,但一般指花钱、付款等,很少用来指花费时间。常与for搭配使用。
例如:They paid 70 yuan for the tickets.他们花了七十元买票。
He was too poor to pay for his schooling.他穷得交不起学费。
pay还可以用作名词,意思为“薪水、工资”等。
It’s hard for me to live with such low pay.我很难靠这么低的薪水生活下去。
(4)take也指“花费(时间、金钱)”,但通常用某事、某物做主语,或用形式主语it.
How long will the meeting take? 会议要开多久?It took me several hours to get there. 我花了几个小时才到那儿。
16. bad/ badly
这两个词的意思含有“坏、糟、严重”等意思,且它们有共同的比较级worse和最高级worst 。
(1) bad是一个形容词,意思是“坏的,糟糕的,差的,严重的”。
例如:I don’t think he is a bad person.我并不认为他是一个坏人。I had a bad headache.我的头疼得很厉害。
(2)badly是一个副词,意思是“不好地,差”,也可以表示程度,意为“严重地,非常,极度”。
例如:We need help badly.我们急需帮助。His arm was badly hurt.他的胳膊严重受伤了。
17. interested/ interesting
(1) interested是指“对…产生兴趣的,对…感兴趣的”,一般用人做主语,后常用介词in.
例如:He was interested in biology before.他以前对生物感兴趣。 I’m not interested in art.我对艺术不感兴趣。
(2)interesting的意思是“有趣的”,指能够给人带来兴趣的某人或某事物。例如:
He is an interesting old man.他是个有趣的老头。The interesting story attracted me. 这个有趣的故事吸引了我。
18. dead/ die/ death/ dying
(1) dead是形容词,意思为“死了的、无生命的”,表示状态,可以与一段时间连用。 例如:
The tree has been dead for ten years.这棵树死了有十年了。The rabbits are all dead. 这些兔子都是死的。
(2) die是动词,意思为“死、死亡”,是一个瞬间动词,不能与一段时间连用。例如:
My grandpa died two years ago.我爷爷两年前去世了。The old man died of cancer.老人死于癌症。
(3) death是名词,意思为“死亡、去世”等。
The memorial hall was built one year after his death.他死后一年,纪念馆建成了。
His death is a great loss to us.他的死是我们的巨大损失。
(4) dying 是die的现在分词,用作形容词,意思是“垂死的、即将死去的”。
The doctors have saved the dying man.医生们救活了那个垂死的人。
The poor dog had no food, it was dying.可怜的狗没有食物,快要饿死了。
六.中考考点在本单元主要集中
1. 宾语从句的时态和语序;
2. 一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区别;
3. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型;
4. 本单元学习的日常交际用语。
考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。
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1、写出完全形式:
1.who's who is 2.she's she is
3.he's he is 4.what's what is
5. where’s where is 6.we're we are
7.you're you are 8.that's that is
9. I'm I am 10. isn't is not
11.aren't are not 12.they're they are
13.don't do not 14.let's let us
15. can’t can not 16. it's it is
17. I’ve I have 18. I’d I would
19. hasn’t has not
2、写出下列单词的复数形式:
1.bus buses 2.box boxes
3.glass glasses 4.class classes
5.watch watches 6.mango mangoes
7.firefly fireflies 8.sheep sheep
9.people people 10.man men
11.woman women 12.apple apples
13.family families 14.library libraries
15.baby babies 16.boy boys
17.toy toys 18.child children
19.foot feet 20.strawberry strawberries
21.horse horse 22.policeman policemen
23.dress dresses 24. fish fish
25.tooth teeth 26.country countries
27. foot feet 28.dragonfly dragonflies
29.me us 30.building buildings
31. cloth clothes 32. this these
33. that those 34.circle circles
35.story stories
3、反义词或对应词:
1.same different
2.new old
3.old young
4.short long
5.big small
6.tall short
7.yes no
8.open close
9.hot cold
10.here there
11.sit stand
12.up down
13.thin fat
14.father mother
15.right wrong
16.black white
17.this that
18.these those
19.boy girl
20. grandfather grandmother
21.man woman
22.husband wife
23.aunt uncle
24.brother sister
25. he she
26. left right
27. go come
28. nurse doctor
29. good bad
30. minus plus
31. his her
32. busy free
33. hand foot
34. legs arms#p#副标题#e#
4、近义词:
1. desk table
2. like love
3. often usually
4. start begin
5. great good
5、同音词:
1. to too 、 two
2. right write
3. no know
4. for four
5. hear here
6. I eye
7. see (C) sea
8. son sun
9. be (B) bee
10. there their
11. U you
12. Y why
13. by buy 、 bye
14. pair pear
15. R are
16. whose who’s
17. aunt aren’t
6、现在分词:
1. swim ( 现在分词 ) swimming 2. come( 现在分词 ) coming
3. dance (-ing形式) dancing 4. ski (-ing形式) skiing
5. sit (-ing形式) sitting 6. fly (-ing形式) flying
7. stay (-ing形式) staying 8. travel (-ing形式) travelling
9. cry (-ing形式) crying 10. play (-ing形式) playing
11. listen (-ing形式) listening 12. collect (-ing形式) collecting
13. make (-ing形式) making 14. take (-ing形式) taking
15. write (-ing形式) writing 16. read(-ing形式) reading
17. clean (-ing形式) cleaning 18. sing (-ing形式) singing
19. sweep (-ing形式) sweeping 20. run (-ing形式) running
7、综合:
1. study (第三人称单数) studies
2. students(名词所有格)students’
3. sister(名词所有格)sister’s
4. two(序数词) second
5. have(第三人称单数) has
6. cat (名词所有格) cat’s
7. Tom(名词所有格) Tom’s
8.teacher(动词) teach
9. cry(第三人称单数) cries
10.Nancy(名词所有格) Nancy’s
11. can(否定式) can’t
12. good(比较级)better
13.catch(第三人称单数) catches
14. wash (第三人称单数)washes
15. quickly(形容词) quick
16. visit(名词) visitor
17. China(形容词) Chinese
18. French(名词) France
19. quiet(副词) quietly
20. one(序数词) first
21. cook(第三人称单数) cooks
22. do(第三人称单数) does
23. beautifully(形容词) beautiful
24. many (比较级) more
25. Australian(名词) Australia
26. brush(第三人称单数) brushes
27. work(名词)worker
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五年级英语上册知识要点
Unit 1
一. 四会单词:
young年轻的 funny滑稽可笑的 tall高的 strong强壮的
kind和蔼的,亲切的old年老的 short矮的 thin瘦的
who’s = who is Mr先生 like像、喜欢 what’s = what is
he’s = he is principal校长 university student大学生
strict 严格的 smart聪明的、巧妙的 active积极的、活跃的
very 很、非常 but但是 quiet安静的;文静的
she’s = she is
二. 句子:
1.A:Who’s yourEnglish teacher ? 你的英语老师是谁?
B:Mr Carter. 卡特先生.
2. He’s fromCanada. 他来自加拿大。
3. A:What’s he like? 他什么样?
B: He’s tall andstrong . 他又高又壮。
He’s very funny. 他很滑稽。
(Who,What引导的特殊疑问句,用来对不熟悉的老师进行问答:Who's+ 某人?What's he / she like? He / She is + 与身体特征和性格特征有关的形容词。)
4.A: Who’s that younglady/? 那个年轻的女士是谁?
B:She’s ourprincipal. 她是我们的校长。
5.I have a new math teacher. 我有一位新数学老师。
6.Her class is so much fun. 她的课非常有趣。
7.She’s auniversity student. 她是一名大学生。
8. A: Is she quiet ? 她很安静吗?
B: No, she isn’t.She’s very active. 不是的。她很活跃的。
( Is引导的一般疑问句,谈论某位老师是否具有某方面的特征:Is he / she + 与身体特征和性格特征有关的形容词,回答用:Yes, he / she is. No, he / she isn't. )
9. A:Is shestrict ? 她很严格么?
B:Yes, she is , but she’s very kind . 是的,但她很和蔼的。 三. 语法:
1、动词的第三人称单数:(当一个句子中的人物是第三人称单数,并且这个句子又是一般现在时态时,该句子中的动词要使用第三人称单数形式。)
have—has like—likes do—does go—goes watch--watches
2、词语变化:fun(形容词形式)――funny funny(名词形式)――fun
know(同音词)――no
反义词:tall—short long—short young—old strong—thin
active—quiet kind—strict active—quiet
3、be like与do like: 在本单元中,What’s…like?的句型是主句型,这里的like是“像…一样”的意思. What’s …like?是问某某长得什么样子。它的答语一般用:He/She/ It is…(后面跟描写人的外貌特征的词语),如:What’s yourfather like?你爸爸长得什么样子?。而在do like的句子中,like的意思才是“喜欢”的意思。如:What does your fatherlike? 你爸爸喜欢什么?
4 Mr—先生 Miss —小姐(未婚) Mrs—夫人,女士(已婚)
四.语音:
字母组合:ea peach tea seat jeans
字母组合:ee beef sheep queen sleep
Unit2
一.单词:
Monday (Mon.)星期一 Tuesday (Tue.) 星期二 Wednesday(Wed.) 星期三 Thursday (Thu.) 星期四 Friday (Fri.) 星期五 day天;日子
have有;吃 on 在……时候 do homework做作业
watch TV 看电视 read books读书 Saturday (Sat.)星期六 Sunday (Sun.)星期日 What about…? ……怎么样? too也;太
二.句子:
1 A: What day is it today ? 今天星期几?
B: It’s Wednesday. 星期三。
2. A: What do you have on Thursdays ? 星期四你们有什么课?
B: We haveEnglish,math and science on Thursdays.
在星期四我们有英语,数学和科学课。
3. I like Thursdays. 我喜欢星期四。
4.A: What do you doon Saturdays ? 星期六你常常做什么?
B: I often dohomework,read books and watch TV.
我经常做作业,读书,看电视。
5. A: What about you ? /And you? 你怎么样?/你呢?
B: I do my homework, too. 我也做作业。
三. 语法:
1、当介词in, on ,at 后面跟表示时间的词语时,表示在某年或某月(当只有年和月的时候),用in.如 in May在五月。In 1988,在1988年。表示在某段时间,如在上午,下午,晚上也用in.如in the morning, in the afternoon, in theevening. 表示在某日,在星期几时,用on。如onMonday, on Sunday . 表示在几点几分,在具体时间时,用at. 如at 6:30, at 9 o’clock.
2. I like Mondays. John likes Sundays. 这里的likes是like的第三人称单数形式,在一般现在时的句子中,如果主语是第三人称单数,注意动词要变成三单形式。
3、理解、区分这两个句型
A: What do you have on Mondays? (每逢周一你们都有什么课?)
B: We have Chinese, English, math and science on Mondays.
A: What do you do on Mondays? (每逢周一你都做什么?)
B: I often do homework, read books and watch TV.
四.语音:
字母组合:ow how town brown now
字母组合:ou our mouth mountain house
Unit3
一.单词:
cabbage洋白菜;卷心菜pork 猪肉 mutton羊肉 eggplant茄子
fish 鱼 green beans青豆 tofu 豆腐 potato土豆
tomato西红柿 for为;给 lunch中餐 we我们
healthy健康的;有益健康的tasty好吃的 sweet甜的 sour酸的
fresh新鲜的 salty 咸的 favourite最喜欢的
they’re = theyare fruit水果 grape葡萄
don’t = do not 不;非第三人称单数的否定形式
二.句子:
1.A: What would you like for lunch? 午饭你想吃什么?
B: I’d like some tomatoes and mutton.我想吃西红柿和羊肉。
2. A: What do you have for lunch on Mondays?星期一你们午饭吃什么?
B: We havetomatoes,tofu and fish。我们吃西红柿,豆腐和鱼。
3.A: What’s yourfavourite food? 你最喜欢的食物是什么?
B: Fish. 鱼。
4.A: What’s yourfavourite fruit ? 你最喜欢的水果是什么?
B: I like apples . They are sweet. 我喜欢苹果. 它们是甜的.
I like fruits.But I don’t like grapes. They’re sour.
我喜欢水果. 但是我不喜欢葡萄. 它们是酸的。#p#副标题#e#
三. 语法:
1、I have eggplantand tomatoes for lunch. 我午饭吃茄子和西红柿。
这里的eggplant是指一道菜,是被切碎了的,熟的,所以这里的eggplant是不可数名词,不能用复数形式。
西红柿 tomato 和土豆 potato 复数形式在后面加es tomatoes, potatoes
fish 当表示为活的鱼的时候,是可数的,但它是单复数同形;当表示为鱼肉的时候,是不可数的。
cabbage 当表示是一种包菜的数量时,是不可数名词,表示为cabbage;当表示不同种类的包菜时,是可数名词,表示为cabbages
eggplant 当表示是未经过烹饪的蔬菜时,是可数名词,表示为eggplants;当表示经烹饪过的菜肴时,是不可数名词,表示为eggplant
常见的肉类为不可数名词,pork mutton beef等
2. 下列单词的形容词形式:
health---healthy(健康的) taste---tasty(好吃的)
3.What’ s yourfavorite food? 后面一般都跟集合的名词:food 食物 fruit水果 drink饮料 colour颜色 class 课程 book 书 sport 运动vegetable 蔬菜 number数字 day天
四.语音:
字母组合:ow window yellow snow grow
字母组合:oa coat boat goat road
Unit4
一. 单词:
empty the trash倒垃圾 cook the meals 做饭 water the flowers浇花 sweep the floor扫地 clean the bedroom打扫卧室 make the bed铺床 set the table摆餐具 wash the clothes洗衣服 do the dishes洗碗碟 put away the clothes收拾衣服can’t = cannot(不会;不能)
use a computer(使用计算机)
二. 句子:
1. I’mhelpful! I can sweep the floor。我是有用的!我能扫地。
2. A:Are youhelpful at home?你在家有用吗?
B: Sure. 当然。
3. A: What can you do ? 你会干什么?
B: I can sweep thefloor.我会扫地。
4. A: Can you do housework? 你能会家务吗?
B: Yes I can.是的,我会 No, I can't.不,我不会.
5. A: Can you wash the clothes?你会洗衣服吗?
B: No, I can't,but I'd like to have a try. 不,我不会,但我想试一试。
6. A: Can you make the bed ? 你会铺床吗?
B: No,I can’t.不,我不会。
7. A: Can you use a computer ? 你会使用计算机吗?
B: Yes, Ican. 是的,我会.
三. 语法:
1、当你想询问别人会干什么时,用Whatcan you do? 答句有肯定形式:Yes, I can . 否定形式:No, I can’t。
当你想知道他人会干什么时,可用What can he do ? 或者What can she do ? 答句有肯定形式:Yes, he can ./Yes, she can. 否定形式:No, he can’t./No,she can’t。
2、I can …变为一般疑问句:Can you …? He can…或She can …变为一般疑问句:Can he …/ Can she …? 其中的he , she 也可以变为其他具体的人物。如 My mother can cookthe meals. 变为一般疑问句:Can your mother cook the meals?
3、help (形容词形式)――helpful helpful (动词形式)――help
4、当句子中出现了情态动词can或其否定形式can’t时,其他的动词要用原形。
四.语音:
or short fork horse storm
all tall small ball hall
Unit 5
一.单词:
air-conditioner空调 curtain窗帘 trash bin垃圾箱 closet壁橱;衣橱
mirror 镜子 end table床头柜bedroom卧室 kitchen厨房
bathroom卫生间 living room客厅;起居室 in在…里面
on在…上面接 under在…下面 near在..旁边 behind在…后边
over在……上方 in front of在……前面 clothes 衣服
二.句子:
1.A: Is this your bedroom? 这是你的卧室吗?
B: Yes, it is. 是的,它是。
2.I have my own room now.现在我有自己的房间了。
3.A:What’s itlike? 它什么样?
B:There is a mirror, a bed and a big closet.
这里有一面镜子,一张床和一个大衣橱。
(There be句型,某地有某物:There is / are + 家具 )
4.There are two bedrooms, a kitchen,a bathroom and a living room.
这里有两间卧室,一间厨房,一间卫生间和一间客厅.
5.A: Where is the trash bin? 垃圾箱在哪?
B:It's near the table. 它在桌子旁边。
6.There are two end tables near the bed. 床边有两个床头柜。
7. The closet is near the table.衣橱在桌子旁边。
8. Many clothes are in the closet. 许多衣服在衣橱里。
9. The trash bin is behind the door. 垃圾箱在门后。#p#副标题#e#
三.语法:
1、There be 句型包括单数形式的There is a/an …句型和复数形式的there are …句型。There is a/an …句型表示有一个,后面跟名词单数。There are …句型表示有多个,后面一般接具体数字或some , many,再后面跟名词复数。
There be 句型又叫“存在”句型,它一般表示在某地有某物。
2、There be 句型中使用单数句式还是复数句式遵循就近原则。
3、on 与over的区别:on在…上面。表示与下面的物体互相接触,紧挨着。
over在…上面,表示与下面的物体不接触,两个物体之间有一定的距离。
四.语音:
ir skirt shirt girl birthday
ur nurse purple hamburger fur
Unit6 :
一.单词:
sky天空 cloud云 mountain 山;山脉 river河流
flower花 grass草 lake湖泊 forest森林
path 路;小道 park公园 picture照片 village乡村;村庄
city 城市 house房子 bridge桥 tree树
road公路 building建筑物 clean干净的
二.句子:
1.There is a forest in the nature park.在自然公园里有一个森林。
2.A: Is there a forest in the park? 公园里面有一个森林吗?
B: Yes, there is. 是的,有。
(There be句型的一般疑问句:---Is / Are there + 某物 + 某地?回答:Yes,there is / are. No, there isn't / aren't. )
3.A: Is there a river? 有一条河吗?
B: No, there isn’t。不,没有。
4.There are many small houses in my village.
在我的村庄里有许多小房子。
5.A:Are there anypandas in the mountains? 山里有熊猫吗?
B: No,there aren’t. 不,没有。
6.A: Are there any fish in the river? 河里有鱼吗?
B : Yes, there are. 是的,有。
三. 语法:
1、There be 的单数形式在变为一般疑问句时,将助动词be提前,与there交换位置,如句中有第一人称代词,变为第二人称,将句末的句号变为问号,其他不变。
There be 的复数形式在变为一般疑问句时,将助动词be提前,与there交换位置,然后将句中some或many变为any, 如句中有第一人称代词,变为第二人称,再将句末的句号变为问号,其他不变。
2、There be 句型表示“有”和have, has表示“有”的区别
There be句型表示“有”的意思,表示在某个地方有什么,它表示的一种存在。如:There is a bag on the desk. 有一个书包在课桌上。
There are manybooks on the desk. 有许多书在课桌上。
Have, has 表示“有”的意思,表示一种占有,拥有的关系,一般表示某人有某物。当主语人称是第三人称单数时用has, 其他时候用have。如:Ihave a new pen. 我有一支新钢笔。
He has a bigschoolbag. 他有一个大书包。
人称代词
人称 | 单数 | 复数 | ||
主格 | 宾格 | 主格 | 宾格 | |
第一人称 | I | me | we | us |
第二人称 | you | you | you | you |
第三人称 | he | him | they | them |
she | her | |||
it | it | |||
人称代词主格作主语,表示动作的发出者。 人称代词宾格作宾语,表示动作行为的对象。 |
物主代词
数 人称 类别 | 单数 | 复数 | ||||||
第一 人称 | 第二 人称 | 第三 人称 | 第一 人称 | 第二人称 | 第三 人称 | |||
形容词性物主代词 | my | your | his | her | its | our | your | their |
名词性物主代词 | mine | yours | his | hers | its | ours | yours | theirs |
形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名词(用于修饰名词) 名词性物主代词(mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs则相当于形容词性物主代词+名词。 |
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