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孟姜女哭长城的故事相信大家都是很熟悉的,那么你看过英文版的孟姜女哭长城吗,今天读文网小编在这里为大家分享孟姜女哭长城经典故事,欢迎大家阅读!
seeking her husband at the great wall
a han folktale
a little over two hundred years before our era, the first emperor of the chin dynasty ascended the throne under the name of shih huang. this emperor was very cruel towards his subjects, forcing people from every part of the country to come and build the great wall to protect his empire. work never stopped, day or night, with the people carrying heavy loads of earth and bricks under the overseers' whips, lashes, and curses. they received very little food; the clothes they wore were threadbare. so it was scarcely to be wondered at that large numbers of them died every day.
there was a young man, named wan hsi-liang, among those who had been pressed into the service of building emperor shih huang's great wall. this wan hsi-liang had a beautiful and virtuous wife, whose name was meng chiang-nu. for a long, long time after her husband was forced to leave her, meng chiang-nu had no news of him, and it saddened her to think what he must be suffering, toiling for the accursed emperor. her hatred of the wicked ruler grew apace with her longing for the husband he had torn from her side. one spring, when the flowers were in bloom and the trees budding, when the grass was a lush green, and the swallows were flying in pairs in the sky, her sorrow seemed to deepen as she walked in the fields, so she sang:
in march the peach is blossom-dressed;
swallows, mating, build their nest.
two by two they gaily fly....
left all alone, how sad am i!
but even when autumn came round, there still was no news about wan hsi-liang. it was rumored that the great wall was in building somewhere way up north where it was so cold that one would hardly dare stick one's hands out of one's sleeves. when meng chiang-nu heard this, she hurriedly made cotton-padded clothes and shoes for her husband. but who should take these to him when it was such a long way to the great wall? pondering the matter over and over, she finally decided she would take the clothes and shoes to wan hsi-liang herself.
it was rather cold when she started out. the leaves had fallen from the trees and, as the harvest had been gathered in, the fields were empty and forlornly dismal. it was very lonely for meng chiang-nu to walk all by herself, especially since she had never been away from home in her life, and did not know the way and had to ask for directions every now and then.
one evening she failed to reach a town she was going to, so she put up for the night in a little temple in a grove beside the road. having walked the whole day, she was very tired and fell asleep as soon as she lay down on a stone table. she dreamed her husband was coming towards her, and a feeling of great happiness enveloped her. but then he told her that he had died, and she cried bitterly. when she woke up in the morning, she was overwhelmed by doubts and sadness as she remembered this dream. with curses on the emperor who had torn so many families asunder, meng chiang-nu continued on her way.
one day, she came to a small inn by the side of the hilly road. the inn was kept by an old woman who, when she saw meng chiang-nu's hot face and dusty clothes, asked where she was going. when meng chiang-nu told her, she was deeply moved.
"aya!" she sighed, "the great wall is still far away from here, there are mountains and rivers to cross before you. how can a weak young woman like yourself get there?" but meng chiang-nu told the old woman she was determined to get the clothes and shoes to her husband, no matter what the difficulty. the old woman was as much touched by the younger one's willpower as she was concerned about her safety. the next day she accompanied meng chiang-nu over a distance to show her sympathy.
and so, meng chiang-nu walked on and on and on till, one day, she came to a deep valley between the mountains. the sky was overcast with gray clouds, a strong wind was blowing that chilled the air. she walked quite a long time through the valley without, however, finding a single house. all she could see were weeds, brambles and rocks. it was getting so dark that she could no longer see the road. at the foot of the mountains there was a river, running with water of a murky color. where should she go? being at her wit's end, she decided to spend the night among some bushes. as she had not eaten anything for the whole day, she shivered all the more violently in the cold. thinking of how her husband must be suffering in this icy cold weather, her heart contracted with a pain as sharp as a knife. when meng chiang-nu opened her eyes the next morning, she found to her amazement the whole valley and her own body covered with a blanket of snow. how was she to continue her travel?
while she was still quite at a loss as to what to do, a crow suddenly alighted before her. it cawed twice and flew on a short distance, then sat down again in front of her and cawed again twice. meng chiang-nu decided that the bird was inviting her to follow its direction and so she resumed her travel, a little cheered because of the company of this living thing, and she began to sing as she walked along:
thick and fast swirl round the winter snows:
i, meng chiang-nu, trudge, bearing winter clothes,
a starveling crow, alas, my only guide,
the great wall far, and i far from his side!
thus she walked past mountain ranges, crossing big rivers as well as small streams.
and thus many a dreary day had passed before she at last reached the great wall. how excited she was when she caught sight of it, meandering like a huge serpent over the mountains before her. the wind was piercingly cold and the bare mountains were covered with dry grass only, without a single tree anywhere. clusters of people were huddling against the great wall; these were the people who had been driven here to build it.
meng chiang-nu walked along the great wall, trying to find her husband among those who were toiling here. she asked after her husband, but nobody knew anything about him, so she had to go on and on inquiring.... she saw what sallow faces the toilers had, their cheekbones protruding through the skin, and she saw many dead lying about, without anybody paying any attention. her anguish over her husband's unknown fate increased, so that she shed many bitter tears as she continued her search.
at last she learned the sad truth. her husband had died long ago because of the unbearably hard toil, and his body had been put underground where he fell, under the great wall. hearing this tragic news, meng chiang-nu fell into a swoon. some of the builders tried to revive her, but it was a long while before she regained consciousness. when she did, she burst into a flood of tears, for several days on end, so that many of the toilers wept with her. so bitter was her lament that, suddenly, a length of over two hundred miles of the great wall came crumbling down, while a violent storm made the sand and bricks whirl about in the air.
"it was meng chiang-nu who, by her tears, caused the great wall to crumble!" the people along the edifice told one another with amazement, at the same time filled with hatred of the cruel emperor, who caused nothing but misery to his subjects.
when the emperor heard how meng chiang-nu had brought part of his great wall down, he immediately went to see for himself what sort of person she was. he found that she was as beautiful as a fairy, so he asked her to become his concubine. meng chiang-nu who hated him so deeply for his cruel ways would, of course, not consent to this. but she felt a ruse would serve her purpose better than frankness, so she answered amiably: "yes, i will, if you do three things for me." the emperor then asked what these three things were and meng chiang-nu said: "the first is that you bury my husband in a golden coffin with a silver lid on it; the second is that all your ministers and generals go into mourning for my husband and attend his funeral; the third is that you attend his funeral yourself, wearing deep mourning as his son would do." being so taken with her beauty, the emperor consented to her requests at once. everything was, therefore, arranged accordingly. in funeral procession, emperor shih huang walked closely behind the coffin, while a cortege of all his courtiers and generals followed him. the emperor anticipated happily the enjoyment the beautiful, new concubine would give him.
but meng chiang-nu, when she saw her husband properly buried, kowtowed before his tomb in homage to the deceased, crying bitterly for a long time. then, all of a sudden, she jumped into the river that flowed close by the tomb. the emperor was infuriated at being thwarted in his desires. he ordered his attendants to pull her out of the water again. but before they could seize her, meng chiang-nu had turned into a beautiful, silvery fish and swam gracefully out of sight, deep down into the green-blue water.
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你知道为什么长城在一点点消失吗?有一部分长城风化掉了,还有的城墙里植物疯长加速了损毁。旅游业和当地居民的活动也正在破坏这个世界上人类最长建筑。
Around 30 percent of China's Ming-era Great Wall has disappeared over time as adversenatural conditions and reckless human activities -- including stealing the bricks to build houses -- erode the UNESCO World Heritage site, state media reported.
In places it is so dilapidated that estimates of its total length vary from 5,600 to 13,000 miles, depending on whether missing sections are included. Despite its length it is not, as is sometimes claimed, visible from space.
Of that, 1,200 miles has melted away over the centuries, the Beijing Times reported.
Some of the construction weathered away, while plants growing in the walls have accelerated the decay, said the report Sunday, citing a survey last year by the Great Wall of China Society.
"Even though some of the walls are built of bricks and stones, they cannot withstand the perennial exposure to wind and rain," the paper quoted Dong Yaohui, a vice president of the society, as saying.
据官媒报道,中国的明长城大约有30%随着时间的推移已经消失,这是由于不利的自然条件和不计后果的人类活动(包括偷长城上的砖盖房子)侵蚀了这座由联合国教科文组织认定的世界文化遗产。
长城有些地方破旧不堪,所以对它长度的估算从5600英里到13000英里不等,这取决于是否把消失的部分涵盖在内。尽管长城很长,但不像有时人们说的那样从太空里能看见它。
《京华时报》报道称:“几个世纪以来,其中有1200英里已经消失了。”
周日的报道引用了中国长城学会去年的调查,说一部分长城风化掉了,还有的城墙里植物疯长加速了损毁。
《京华时报》引用学会的副会长董耀会的话说:“即使部分城墙用砖石砌成,也禁不住常年风吹雨淋。”
Tourism and local residents' activities are also damaging the longest human construction in the world, the paper added.
Poor villagers in Lulong county in the northern province of Hebei used to knock thick grey bricks from a section of wall in their village to build homes, and slabs engraved with Chinese characters were sold for 30 yuan ($4.80) each by local residents, it said.
Under Chinese regulations people who take bricks from the Great Wall can be fined up to 5,000 yuan, the Global Times said on Monday.
"But there is no specific organisation to enforce the rules. Damage could only be reported to higher authorities and it is hard to solve when it happened on the border of two provinces," said Jia Hailin, a cultural relics protection official in Hebei, according to the report.
It added that explorations of undeveloped parts of the Great Wall -- an increasingly popular leisure activity in recent years -- had brought those sections more tourists than they could bear, damaging them severely.
报纸补充说:“旅游业和当地居民的活动也正在破坏这个世界上人类最长建筑。”
据报道,位于华北的河北省的卢龙县里村民很穷,过去经常敲下村里部分城墙上青灰色的厚砖拿去盖房,而且刻有汉字的砖被当地居民卖到30元(4.80美元)一块。
《环球时报》周一称:“中国条例规定从长城上偷砖会被处以高达5000元的罚款。”
报道称,河北文化遗产保护官员贾海林说:“但是没有专门的部门来执行这一规定,破坏行为只能报告上级机关,如果发生在两省交界处就很难处理了。”
报道还提到,近些年探索未开发部分的长城作为休闲活动逐渐兴起,带来的游客数量超出了这些野长城的负荷,对长城损毁严重。
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摘录:怎样才能给那些跟我交谈的人传达一个美好动人的长城故事?我想让他们在不要太沉溺于那些很难发音的中文名字还有大量数据,在不被这些东西弄得晕头转向的情况下感受到我的激动心情。
The Great Wall has fascinated William Lindesay since he first saw it on a map. In 1987, the Liverpool native made his first trek along 2,470 kilometers of the landmark, and he has called China home ever since.
He now spends his days hiking, researching, photographing and talking about the Great Wall, as the founder of a conservation group called International Friends of the Great Wall.
从第一次在地图上看到长城开始,威廉?林赛(William Lindesay)就被深深吸引。1987年,这位土生土长的利物浦人第一次沿着长城徒步行进2,470公里,之后便把家安在了中国。
如今,作为长城保护组织国际长城之友(International Friends of the Great Wall)的创始人,林赛每天的工作就是徒步爬长城、做研究、摄影以及谈论长城。
Mr. Lindesay, 55 years old, also leads weekend treks of unrestored portions from his guesthouse near Mutianyu, about 60 miles from Beijing, often rousing hikers at 3 a.m. so they're far enough up the mountain to see the wall as the first rays of dawn turn it golden.
He recently sat down with The Wall Street Journal in his map-lined Beijing study, to talk about skirting death in the Gobi, trying to measure the wall's length and his new book, 'The Great Wall Explained.' Below are edited excerpts from the interview.
55岁的林赛还会组织周末徒步活动,攀爬未经修复的古长城。他在离北京60英里的慕田峪附近有个家庭旅馆,他经常夜里三点就把徒步旅行者们叫醒,为的是能及时爬上山头,看到黎明的第一缕阳光把长城染成金色。
不久前林赛在他贴满地图的北京书斋里接受了《华尔街日报》的采访,讲述他在戈壁荒漠里与死神擦肩而过的经历,讲述他如何用双脚丈量长城,还谈到了他的新书《长城图解》(The Great Wall Explained)。以下是经过编辑的访谈摘录:
The Wall Street Journal: We'll start with some of the usual questions.
《华尔街日报》:我们先从一些常规问题开始。
Mr. Lindesay: I hope the first one has nothing to do with the length of the Great Wall. That's the biggest headache.
林赛:我希望第一个问题跟长城的长度无关。这是最令人头疼的。
OK, how long is it?
《华尔街日报》:好吧,它到底有多长?
There are many Great Walls in China. A few years ago, the state announced that they had surveyed the Ming wall, which is the wall most tourists see a segment of on their trips to China. And the figure announced was 8,851 kilometers. That announcement was made in April 2009, and then at the same time the State Administration of Cultural Heritage announced that they were asking archeological teams in each provincial region containing wall to go out and measure it.
林赛:在中国有很多处长城。几年前,中国宣布勘测了明长城,就是大部分游客来中国旅行时会游览的一段长城。官方宣布的数据是8,851公里。这个结果发布于2009年4月,同时中国国家文物局(State Administration of Cultural Heritage)也宣布,他们在发动长城沿线各省的考古小组走出去勘测长城。
In June, the survey was complete, and the figure was 21,196 kilometers…I called some of my wall-researching colleagues. They also felt a little bit confused, so we kind of put our heads together. The 21,196 is a measurement of all the visible Great Walls on the land of China as they stand now. That takes into account scant remains, which would be ankle-high, to grand things that you do want to take a photograph of and explore. And then if we subtract 8,851, the length of Ming wall, we get 12,345 as the length of the pre-Ming walls.
当年6月,勘测结束,结果是21,196公里……我打电话给我研究长城的同事,通报了这一结果。他们也感到有些不解,所以我们集思广益,认为21,196公里是中国大地上现存所有可见的长城遗迹的总长度。这包括那些很不起眼的遗迹,可能只有脚踝那么高,也包括那些你想拍下来并探索一番的宏伟城 。然后如果减去8,851公里,即明长城的长度,那么明以前历代所建长城的长度就是12,345公里。
Is that the final answer?
《华尔街日报》:这是最终的答案吗?
Well, it's actually created more confusion around the world and soured some international relations, because despite talking to several journalists and giving them the insights, most of the headlines in the following week were along the lines of 'Great Wall Found to Be Twice the Length Originally Thought,' which is not at all the case.
林赛:事实上这个答案在世界上引起了困惑,还影响到了国际关系。因为尽管有关方面在接受一些记者采访时给出了详细解释,之后一周的大部分头条标题还是类似“长城总长度为预想的两倍”,而这根本不是真实情况。
It's simply that the state looked at the Ming wall first, they looked at the pre-Ming wall second, and the two added together gives you the total length of all visible remains of the Great Wall in China today.
事实很简单,国家先勘测了明长城,然后又勘测了明以前历代所建的长城,两次勘测结果加起来得到今天中国所有可见的长城遗迹的总长度。
The Korean news services seized upon this news and accused China of stretching the length of the Great Wall like a rubber band.
韩国媒体抓住这个消息不放,指责中国的长城和橡皮筋一样可以随意延长。
How would you answer it?
《华尔街日报》:你对此如何作答?
I think it's best left at rest. The best way to appreciate the Great Wall of China is: wan li chang cheng. These are four Chinese characters. 'Wan,' if you look it up in the dictionary, means 10,000. 'Li' is a Chinese unit of distance equivalent to about 500 meters. 'Chang' is long; 'cheng' is wall. So the direct translation of wan li chang cheng is the '10,000-li long wall.' But if you ask someone who's literate to translate 'wan' in that context they would say, it actually doesn't mean 10,000, it means endless, immeasurable. So the erudite translation of wan li chang cheng is 'the endless wall,' and in fact that is one of the opening discussions in my book.
林赛:我觉得最好置之不理。赞赏中国长城的最佳方式是:万里长城。这是四个中国字。如果你查字典,“万”的意思是10,000。“里”是中国的距离单位,约等于500米。“长”就是很长;“城”就是城 。因此直译的话,万里长城就是“10,000里长的城 ”。但如果你让有文化的人在这个语境中翻译“万”,他们会说,它并不是实指10,000,而是说无穷无尽,不可估量。所以万里长城更有文化内涵的译法是“没有尽头的城 ”,事实上这是我新书里的一个开篇讨论话题。
Why did you write this book?
《华尔街日报》:你为什么写这本书?
After I made my initial Great Wall adventure in 1987, exactly 25 years ago, I saw a lot of the wall. I saw probably more of the Great Wall of China than another foreigner had for well over half a century, nearly a century. I really wanted to capitalize on that achievement and that knowledge. I wanted to introduce the magnificence and the wonder and the mystery of the Great Wall to people around the world as I discovered it.
林赛:我1987年完成了第一次长城探险,那正好是25年前。我看到了很多城 ,可能比别的外国人在过去半个多世纪、近一个世纪看到的还多。我当时很想充分利用那次成就和了解到的情况。我发现了长城,我就想把它的壮丽、非凡和神秘介绍给全世界的人。
I was telling people the Great Wall story, and they were asking me questions. After a while I began to think, the typical curious, thinking person, they may arrive in China and not know the difference between Mao and Ming. Anyway, I felt that most people's knowledge about the Great Wall was actually very superficial, and a lot of it was completely incorrect.
我给人们讲长城的故事,他们会问许多问题。过了不久我开始发现,典型的有好奇心、爱思考的人,他们可能来到中国还不知道“毛”和“明”的区别。总之,我觉得大部分人关于长城的知识其实非常肤浅,并且很多还是完全错误的。
So I began to think, how can I really deliver a good engaging Great Wall story to the people I talk to? I wanted them to feel the thrill I felt without getting too bogged down and confused by the difficult-to-pronounce Chinese names and the masses of dates, and the confusion of it all.
因此我开始思考,怎样才能给那些跟我交谈的人传达一个美好动人的长城故事?我想让他们在不要太沉溺于那些很难发音的中文名字还有大量数据,在不被这些东西弄得晕头转向的情况下感受到我的激动心情。
There are reports that you found portions of the Great Wall outside China.
《华尔街日报》:有报道说你在中国境外找到了长城遗址。
To explain my findings of 2011, I coined a new term: 'Great Wall outside China.' Which is a compromise. It's a recognition that the structure being seen is a great wall─it's a fortification built during the conflict between the nomadic people of the north and the sedentary crop-growing people of the south. But it's outside today's China.
林赛:为解释我在2011年的发现,我造了一个新短语:“中国以外的长城”(Great Wall outside China)。这是一种折中的说法。我所看到的建筑物的确是长城,它是北方游牧民族和南方农耕民族发生冲突时期修建的堡垒,但它又不在现在的中国境内。
How can they still be finding parts of the Great Wall today?
《华尔街日报》:那怎么还有人继续发现新的长城呢?
I would rephrase it. Last year I never claimed to have discovered a section of the Great Wall. I evidenced the existence of a section of Great Wall built by a dynasty not previously known to have built a Great Wall.
林赛:我重新表述一下。去年我从未宣称自己发现了一段长城。我证明的是某个朝代所修建的一段长城的存在,而我们之前以为这个朝代没有修建过长城。
How did you do that?
《华尔街日报》:你是怎么发现的?
Thumbing through an atlas of Mongolia, I saw a symbol for what looked like the wall, but when I checked it out in the legend, it was not the Great Wall of China. Of course, how could it be─it was in Mongolia. It was the wall of Genghis Khan. And then eventually I looked on Google Earth and found this faint line crossing the south Gobi. So first of all, it's on the map, so obviously I didn't discover it. But I'm the first researcher that went there, and going there is not easy. It's the heart of the Gobi.
林赛:在翻看一本蒙古地图册的时候,我发现了一个像长城的符号,但我在图例中查找时,却发现它并不是中国长城。当然,怎么可能是呢,它是在蒙古境内。它是成吉思汗长城。最后我在Google Earth上发现了这条穿越戈壁滩南部的模糊线条。因此它本来就在地图上,但我没有发现它。不过我是第一个到达那里的研究者,而且去那里很不容易。那是戈壁滩的心脏地带。
Didn't you risk your life in one expedition?
《华尔街日报》:你这不是为了一次考察冒生命危险吗?
It turned out that way. Just a year before, I had made a documentary, and I wanted to take viewers of the documentary to one of the rarest parts of the wall, dating from 110 B.C.
林赛:结果确实是这样。就在一年前,我做了一部纪录片,我希望把这部片子的观众带到从公元前110年就开始存在的这段最人迹罕至的长城。
We couldn't get there with vehicles, because there were dried-up watercourses, wadis, very deep, preventing vehicle access. I was going in with a crew of filmmakers carrying equipment, and some of the members of the crew ignored my caution to take 10 bottles. It transpired halfway through this filming sequence that many people only set off with two or three bottles of water, so those with the water had to share it out, and that meant everyone was short of water on the return trek. People started suffering from cramps, collapsing with the heat, and eventually we decided on a rescue plan: Me, my assistant and the cameraman would continue on trying to get to the road and organizing a rescue, while the others waited.
我们没法开车去,因为有很多干涸的河道,旱谷非常深,车没法通过。我是跟一个带着设备的拍摄团队一起进去的,有些队员不听我的劝告,没有带够10瓶水。拍到一半的时候,发现很多人出发时只带了两三瓶水,所以有水的人就得分一些出去,这就意味着在回来的路上每个人的水都不够。有人开始抽筋,中暑晕厥,最后我们商量出了一个营救计划:我和我的助手还有摄影师继续努力向公路进发并组织营救,其他人原地等待。
The temperature reached 46 degrees Celsius in the late afternoon. I don't want to come that close to death anymore.
当天下午晚些时候气温达到了46摄氏度。我再也不想离死神那么近了。
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长城,又称万里长城,是中国古代军事防御工程,是中国著名的名胜古迹之一。你知道长城的英语表达是什么吗?来跟读文网小编一起来看看下面关于长城的英语知识吧。
(中国的万里长城) the Great Wall ; (坚不可摧的堡垒) impregnable bulwark; Great Wall
网 络GreatWall;Great Wall;The Great Wall;The Wall
长城以其悠久的历史和其雄伟壮丽而著名。
The Great wall is known for its long history and its magnificence.
这一段长城有八个垛口。
There are eight forts in this section of the Great Wall.
古长城保护将可能进口,或买进直升飞机!
China ancient times the great wall need helis!
当大家拾阶而上时,哦们撼到非常自豪,因为它是世上最长.的城墙。今天,长城已经成为供全世界人民参观的名胜。
Today it has become a place of interest to the people all over the world.
你想不想爬到长城顶上去?。
Would you like to climb to the top of the wall?
长城宽得足够六匹马肩并肩地走。
Great wingl is so wide for six horses to go side by side.
我是黑暗中的利剑,长城上的守卫。
I am the watcher on the walls.
在极度绝望中,她跪在长城边哭了三天三夜。
In great despair she knelt by the wall and wept for three days and three nights.
长城太壮观了,我也想哪天去那里。
I also want to go there onr day.
1. He won the election because the Democrats self-destructed in their primary. 民主党在初选中自毁长城,所以才让他赢得了选举。
2. The Great Wall is one of the sights of the world.长城是世界名胜之一.
3. Have you ever visited the Great Wall in your life? 在你一生中,你参观过长城吗 ?
4. I've long dreamed of paying a visit to the Great Wall. 我一直渴望游览长城.
5. The landscape of the Great Wall is like a dragon.长城的全景像一条龙.
6. He who doesn't reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉.
7. The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world.长城是世界奇观之一.
8. He made a trip to the Great Wall yesterday. 昨天他游览了长城.
9. Foreigners always associate China with the Great Wall. 外国人总是把中国和长城联系在一起.
10. The grandeur of the Great Wall is unmatched.长城的壮观是独一无二的.
11. Love the Chinese nation, repair the Great Wall. 爱我中华, 修我长城.
12. We associate China with the Great Wall. 我们想起中国,就联想到长城.
13. The British stunt man Eddie Kidd jumped over the Great Wall of China on a motorcycle. 英国特技表演者埃迪·基德骑摩托车飞越了中国长城。
14. The visitors broke into exclamations of wonder when they saw themagnificent Great Wall. 看到雄伟的长城,游客们惊叹不已.
15. Environmental groups are up in arms about plans to sink an oil well close to Hadrian's Wall. 环保组织极力反对在哈德良长城附近打油井。
16. For more than one minute our foreign guests remained standing still gapingat this wonder of the world -- the Great < ... 外宾们站着不动约莫有一分多钟之久,张口凝视着这个世界奇迹 --长城.
17. He is keen to have a look at the Great Wall. 他很想去看看长城.
18. To the south, sedentary cities and civilizations with all their riches evolved. 在长城以南 、 定居的城市、文明和财富逐渐发展起来.
19. A wall of thousands of enemy troops constantly surrounded them. 千千万万敌军所组成的一道活动长城时刻包围着他们.
20. The Great Wall is world famous.长城举世闻名.
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民间故事是从远古时代起就在人们口头流传的一种以奇异的语言和象征的形式讲述人与人之间的种种关系,题材广泛而又充满幻想的叙事体故事。它们往往包含着自然的、异想天开的成分。下面读文网小编为大家带来英语经典民间故事:孟姜女哭长城,欢迎大家阅读!
A little over two hundred years before our era, the first emperor of the Chin dynasty ascended the throne under the name of Shih Huang. This emperor was very cruel towards his subjects, forcing people from every part of the country to come and build the Great Wall to protect his empire. Work never stopped, day or night, with the people carrying heavy loads of earth and bricks under the overseers' whips, lashes, and curses. They received very little food; the clothes they wore were threadbare. So it was scarcely to be wondered at that large numbers of them died every day.
There was a young man, named Wan Hsi-liang, among those who had been pressed into the service of building Emperor Shih Huang's Great Wall. This Wan Hsi-liang had a beautiful and virtuous wife, whose name was Meng Chiang-nu. For a long, long time after her husband was forced to leave her, Meng Chiang-nu had no news of him, and it saddened her to think what he must be suffering, toiling for the accursed emperor. Her hatred of the wicked ruler grew apace with her longing for the husband he had torn from her side. One spring, when the flowers were in bloom and the trees budding, when the grass was a lush green, and the swallows were flying in pairs in the sky, her sorrow seemed to deepen as she walked in the fields, so she sang:
In March the peach is blossom-dressed;
Swallows, mating, build their nest.
Two by two they gaily fly....
Left all alone, how sad am I!
But even when autumn came round, there still was no news about Wan Hsi-liang. It was rumored that the Great Wall was in building somewhere way up north where it was so cold that one would hardly dare stick one's hands out of one's sleeves. When Meng Chiang-nu heard this, she hurriedly made cotton-padded clothes and shoes for her husband. But who should take these to him when it was such a long way to the Great Wall? Pondering the matter over and over, she finally decided she would take the clothes and shoes to Wan Hsi-liang herself.
It was rather cold when she started out. The leaves had fallen from the trees and, as the harvest had been gathered in, the fields were empty and forlornly dismal. It was very lonely for Meng Chiang-nu to walk all by herself, especially since she had never been away from home in her life, and did not know the way and had to ask for directions every now and then.
One evening she failed to reach a town she was going to, so she put up for the night in a little temple in a grove beside the road. Having walked the whole day, she was very tired and fell asleep as soon as she lay down on a stone table. She dreamed her husband was coming towards her, and a feeling of great happiness enveloped her. But then he told her that he had died, and she cried bitterly. When she woke up in the morning, she was overwhelmed by doubts and sadness as she remembered this dream. With curses on the emperor who had torn so many families asunder, Meng Chiang-nu continued on her way.
One day, she came to a small inn by the side of the hilly road. The inn was kept by an old woman who, when she saw Meng Chiang-nu's hot face and dusty clothes, asked where she was going. When Meng Chiang-nu told her, she was deeply moved.
"Aya!" she sighed, "the Great Wall is still far away from here, there are mountains and rivers to cross before you. How can a weak young woman like yourself get there?" But Meng Chiang-nu told the old woman she was determined to get the clothes and shoes to her husband, no matter what the difficulty. The old woman was as much touched by the younger one's willpower as she was concerned about her safety. The next day she accompanied Meng Chiang-nu over a distance to show her sympathy.
And so, Meng Chiang-nu walked on and on and on till, one day, she came to a deep valley between the mountains. The sky was overcast with gray clouds, a strong wind was blowing that chilled the air. She walked quite a long time through the valley without, however, finding a single house. All she could see were weeds, brambles and rocks. It was getting so dark that she could no longer see the road. At the foot of the mountains there was a river, running with water of a murky color. Where should she go? Being at her wit's end, she decided to spend the night among some bushes. As she had not eaten anything for the whole day, she shivered all the more violently in the cold. Thinking of how her husband must be suffering in this icy cold weather, her heart contracted with a pain as sharp as a knife. When Meng Chiang-nu opened her eyes the next morning, she found to her amazement the whole valley and her own body covered with a blanket of snow. How was she to continue her travel?
While she was still quite at a loss as to what to do, a crow suddenly alighted before her. It cawed twice and flew on a short distance, then sat down again in front of her and cawed again twice. Meng Chiang-nu decided that the bird was inviting her to follow its direction and so she resumed her travel, a little cheered because of the company of this living thing, and she began to sing as she walked along:
Thick and fast swirl round the winter snows:
I, Meng Chiang-nu, trudge, bearing winter clothes,
A starveling crow, alas, my only guide,
The Great Wall far, and I far from his side!
Thus she walked past mountain ranges, crossing big rivers as well as small streams.
And thus many a dreary day had passed before she at last reached the Great Wall. How excited she was when she caught sight of it, meandering like a huge serpent over the mountains before her. The wind was piercingly cold and the bare mountains were covered with dry grass only, without a single tree anywhere. Clusters of people were huddling against the Great Wall; these were the people who had been driven here to build it.
Meng Chiang-nu walked along the Great Wall, trying to find her husband among those who were toiling here. She asked after her husband, but nobody knew anything about him, so she had to go on and on inquiring.... She saw what sallow faces the toilers had, their cheekbones protruding through the skin, and she saw many dead lying about, without anybody paying any attention. Her anguish over her husband's unknown fate increased, so that she shed many bitter tears as she continued her search.
At last she learned the sad truth. Her husband had died long ago because of the unbearably hard toil, and his body had been put underground where he fell, under the Great Wall. Hearing this tragic news, Meng Chiang-nu fell into a swoon. Some of the builders tried to revive her, but it was a long while before she regained consciousness. When she did, she burst into a flood of tears, for several days on end, so that many of the toilers wept with her. So bitter was her lament that, suddenly, a length of over two hundred miles of the Great Wall came crumbling down, while a violent storm made the sand and bricks whirl about in the air.
"It was Meng Chiang-nu who, by her tears, caused the Great Wall to crumble!" the people along the edifice told one another with amazement, at the same time filled with hatred of the cruel emperor, who caused nothing but misery to his subjects.
When the emperor heard how Meng Chiang-nu had brought part of his Great Wall down, he immediately went to see for himself what sort of person she was. He found that she was as beautiful as a fairy, so he asked her to become his concubine. Meng Chiang-nu who hated him so deeply for his cruel ways would, of course, not consent to this. But she felt a ruse would serve her purpose better than frankness, so she answered amiably: "Yes, I will, if you do three things for me." The emperor then asked what these three things were and Meng Chiang-nu said: "The first is that you bury my husband in a golden coffin with a silver lid on it; the second is that all your ministers and generals go into mourning for my husband and attend his funeral; the third is that you attend his funeral yourself, wearing deep mourning as his son would do." Being so taken with her beauty, the emperor consented to her requests at once. Everything was, therefore, arranged accordingly. In funeral procession, Emperor Shih Huang walked closely behind the coffin, while a cortege of all his courtiers and generals followed him. The emperor anticipated happily the enjoyment the beautiful, new concubine would give him.
But Meng Chiang-nu, when she saw her husband properly buried, kowtowed before his tomb in homage to the deceased, crying bitterly for a long time. Then, all of a sudden, she jumped into the river that flowed close by the tomb. The emperor was infuriated at being thwarted in his desires. He ordered his attendants to pull her out of the water again. But before they could seize her, Meng Chiang-nu had turned into a beautiful, silvery fish and swam gracefully out of sight, deep down into the green-blue water.
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嘉峪关,始建于明洪武五年(1372年)。先后经过168年时间的修建,成为万里长城沿线最为壮观的关城。嘉峪关因地势而得名。关城有231米是由黄土夯筑的,城墙攀缘高为150米、倾斜度为45度角的山脊上,似乎长城从山上陡跌而下。地势最高的嘉峪山上,城关两翼的城墙横穿沙漠和戈壁,向北8公里连黑山悬壁长城,向南7公里,接天下第一墩,是现代万里长城西端主宰,自古为河西第一隘口。下面读文网小编为大家带来中国旅游景点嘉峪关长城英文介绍,欢迎大家阅读!
Jiayuguan Pass is the first pass at the west end ofthe Great Wall of China and was built during theMing Dynasty.
嘉峪关是长城西端的终点第一关,建在明朝。
It is located 6 kilometers southwest of Jiayuguan Citywhich is in Gansu Province.
它位于甘肃省嘉峪关市西南6公里处。
It is located at the foot of Jiayuguan Hill, betweentwo hills of which the Pass lies, so earned the name“The First and Greatest Pass under the Heaven”.
它位于嘉峪关山的山脚下的,处在两山之间,所以赢得了“天下第一雄关”的美誉。
This is different from “The First Pass under the Heaven”,which is located at the east end of theGreat Wall near Qinhuangdao City in Hebei Province.
这不同于河北省秦皇岛市长城东端的“天下第一关”。
The Pass is located at the narrowest point of the western section of the Hexi Corridor,andJiayuguan often has the meaning of “Nice Valley”.
嘉峪关位于河西走廊西部最窄的地方,嘉峪关经常有“美好的山谷”的意思。
It was also a must point of the ancient Silk Road.
它也是古丝绸之路必过之处。
The pass is trapezoid-shaped with a perimeter of 733 meters and with an area of more than 33 500 square meters.
嘉峪关是不规则四边形的周长733米,面积超过多33500平方米。
The total length of the city wall is 733 meters and the height is 11 meters.
城墙的总长度是733米,高度为11米。
There are two gates-with one located on each of the east and west sides of the pass.
有两个门分别位于嘉峪关的东部和西部。每个门上有一个建筑。
On each gate there is a building. On the building at the west gate, the Chinese inscription of“Jiayuguan Pass” is written on a tablet.
在西门大楼上,中国字“嘉峪关”题写在一个碑上。嘉峪关南北两侧与长城连接。
The south and north sides of the pass are connected to the Great Wall.
每个角落都有一个炮塔。
There is a turret on each corner of the pass. On the north side inside the two gates, there arewide roads leading to the top of the pass.
北面两个门,里面有宽阔的马路能通向嘉峪关顶部。
Jiayuguan itself consists of three defense lines—an inner city, an outer city and a moat.
嘉峪关本身包含三条防守线:一个内城,一个城市和一个护城河。
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长城又称万里长城,是中国古代的军事防御工程。秦灭六国统一天下后,秦始皇连接和修缮战国长城,始有万里长城之称。明朝是最后一个大修长城的朝代,今天人们所看到的长城多是此时修筑。下面读文网小编为大家带来长城旅游英语导游词,欢迎大家阅读!
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We will visit the symbol of China's civilization-the Great Wall. It is one of the famous, grand and splendid ancient construction wonders in the world. It is just like a giant dragon in the northern part of China.
Construction of the Great Wall first began in the seventh century BC. At that time it was also called Spring and Autumn Warring States Period. The first wall that appeared in China was built by Kingdom Qi and Kingdom Chu. At that time, the kingdoms in order to defend themselves against the infringing enemy from own territories for self-protection. These high walls were the primitive type of the present day Great Wall.
In Chinese history, large-scale construction of the Great Wall was concentrated in three dynasties, they are Qin, Han and Ming dynasties.
In 221BC, Qin Shihuang unified China; he decided to link up all the separated high walls built by different kingdoms into the Great Wall. The Qin Great Wall started from Lintao, Gansu Province in the west and ended in Liaodong, Liaoning Province in the east, over 500 kilometers long.
The second large-scale construction on the Great Wall was carried out during the Han Dynasty. Apart from maintaining and utilizing the Qin Great Wall, they built an outer Great Wall about 500 kilometers to the north of the Qin Great Wall in order to ward off the Huns. They also had the Great Wall ectended towards the west for another 5000 kilometers long. The Han Great Wall started from Liaodong in the east to the Lop Nur Lake in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, with a total length of 10,000 kilometers.
The last large-scale project on the Great wall was carried out in the Ming Dynasty. That is because the dethroned Mongol Yuan ruler still had the remnant forces and often made counterattack to Beijing, as well as the threats of newly raised ethnic tribe of “Nv Zhen”。 So started from the first year after Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty. The whole project took more than 200 years to complete. The total lenth of the Ming Great Wall was more than 6,000 kilometers from Yalu River in Liaoning Province in the east to Jiayuguan Pass in Gansu Province in the west. It passes nine cities, provinces and autonomous regions of Liaoning, Hebei, Tianjin, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Ningxia and Gansu.
The Great Wall, we see today, in Beijing is mainly the Ming Grest Wall. There was a 20-kilometer long valley named “Nankou, Juyongguan, Shangguan and Badaling”。 Juyongguan Pass was one of the important passes along the valley, and also one of the most famous passes of the Great Wall. The name “Juyong” in Chinese means “a place of poor laborers”。
Today we will visit the Badaling Great Wall, it is about 75 kilometers northwest of Beijing, and it is the best-preserved part of the Great Wall. Bada means in English “convenient transportation to all directions”。 It used to be more important than Juyong Pass in the defence of Beijing. The Badaling Great Wall averages 7.8 meters high, 6.5meters wide at its base, and 5.8 meters wide on the top, wide enough for five horses or ten soldiers walking abreast on the wall. The highest point at Badaling is about 800-1,000 meters above the sea level. Here at Badaling section is with single side battlements while the parapet is on the other side. The outer of the wall is topped with crenellated battlements, which is about 2 meters high and with a square sized hole below for shouting arrows and also for keeping a watch over the enemy, while the parapets about 1 meter high is on the inner side.
Buildings on both sides of the wall at the commanding points, the top of the mountains or the turns are beacon towers. The beacon towers were used for makong signal of warning messages when the enemy was sighted. Fires were lit on the top of the beacon towers at night and the smoke signals in daytime. And the number of the fire and smoke signals could signify the number of invading enemies.
The watch-towers are lovated at regular intervals on the Great Wall for watching over the invading enemy, and it is usually of two stories. The ground floor was used to store weapons and had a number of window for archers. The upper floor has battlements, peep-holes and appertures for archers.
Today the Great Wall has lost its signifivance in defending the enemy, but in ancient times the Great Wall was not noly a strong defensive project but also played a very important role in military, economy and served as a link in promoting harmonious relationship among the nationalities for the whole country. Today, the Great Wall has become a famous tourist attraction in the world.
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长城又称万里长城,是中国古代的军事防御工程。长城修筑的历史可上溯到西周时期,发生在首都镐京(今西安)的著名的典故“烽火戏诸侯”就源于此。秦灭六国统一天下后,秦始皇连接和修缮战国长城,始有万里长城之称。明朝是最后一个大修长城的朝代,今天人们所看到的长城多是此时修筑。那么你知道长城用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。
greatwall
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万里长城,是中国古代的军事防御工程。长城修筑的历史可上溯到西周时期,发生在首都镐京(今西安)的著名的典故“烽火戏诸侯”就源于此。明朝是最后一个大修长城的朝代,今天人们所看到的长城多是此时修筑。那么你知道万里长城用英语怎么说吗?下面和读文网小编一起来学习一下万里长城的英语说法吧。
1. The Great Wall dates from the third century B.C.
万里长城建成于公元前三世纪.
2. The Great Wall of China is the admiration of the world.
中国的万里长城使全世界赞美不已.
3. World - renowned Great Wall welcomes friends all over the world.
举世闻名的万里长城,欢迎天下友人.
4. John would dearly love to visit the Great Wall of China.
约翰切望参观中国的万里长城.
5. The Great Wall twists and turns along the tops of mountains.
万里长城在群山顶部蜿蜒盘旋.
6. The world - renowned Great Wall attracts tourists from all over the world.
举世闻名的万里长城,吸引着来自世界各地的观光客.
7. The Great Wall a must for most foreign visitors to Beijing.
对于大多数去北京的外国游客,万里长城是必不可少的参观游览项目.
8. Badaling Great Wall is an important juncture of the Pass outpost.
八达岭是万里长城重要关口居庸关的前哨.
9. The walls are coming up but nothing like the one in China.
隔间围墙已经在完成中,这可不是中国的万里长城哦!
10. Could I plane to China to see wall and Qin terracotta warriors and horses?
请将“我能够坐飞机去中国看万里长城和秦兵马俑 吗 ?”
11. The Great Wall is one of the most famous constructions in the world.
中国的万里长城是世界上最伟大的奇迹之一.
12. The obverse shows the Great Wall which stands for the long history of the Chinese culture.
正面以万里长城为主题,万里长城,延绵万里,景色壮丽,代表着中华文化的源远流长.
13. We are going to Beijing plane and we are going to visit the Wall.
我们将坐飞机去北京参观万里长城. 这样我就可以在旅程中了解更多的中国文化了!真激动呀!
14. The motherland has the Yangtze RiverRiver , the Wall and so on many scenic spot scenic spots!
祖国有长江黄河,万里长城等许多名胜风景区, 啊 !
15. The splendid Wall is famous with her profile in the world, also landmark architecture in China.
蜿蜒于中华大地上的万里长城以其无比宏伟的雄姿久闻于世, 成为中国最著名的地标式建筑.
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长城又称万里长城,是中国古代的军事防御工程,如今已成为世界文化遗产。那么你知道长城的英文是什么吗?下面读文网小编为大家带来长城的英文表达和相关例句,希望对你有所帮助。
八达岭长城 Badaling Great Wall
绿色长城 the Great Green Wall
长城汽车 Great Wall Motor
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