为您找到与金融英语阅读答案相关的共200个结果:
英语阅读是学习高中英语中的重点题型,多做练习提高阅读理解能力十分重要。下面读文网小编为大家带来高三英语阅读练习题,供同学们阅读训练!
1. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?
A. Fred Astaire was a famous dancer.
B. True ability will always make itself known.
C. Some people never get discouraged.
D. Albert Einstein proved his teachers wrong.
2. When Paderewski's teachers told him he'd never be a success, they were _______.
A. being humorous B. cheerful, though concerned
C. somewhat hesitant D. seriously mistaken
3. "Ad astra per aspera" is used in the passage _______.
A. as a motto for the three men's lives
B. to show the value of Latin
C. to send the reader to the dictionary
D. to point out that genius is always recognized early
4. The writer of the passage thinks that the reader _______.
A. knows that the three men were successful men
B. someday dreams to become like one of the men
C. sympathizes with(同情) the poor teachers of the three men
D. knows that Fred Astaire was an actor famous for performing Shakespeare's plays
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想要学好高中英语,提高英语阅读能力十分重要,多做一些习题有助于我们更好的答题,下面读文网小编为大家带来高一英语阅读练习题,欢迎大家阅读练习!
Lao Yang 是个文学爱好者,但没能实现他的作家梦,他帮他的女儿写 my father,本来他应该描写他自己的,但他却写成了他的父亲。
1. C。细节题。根据 …he thought the writers were respected and could get a lot of money. He wrote a lot of stories and posted them to the editorial departments but didn't receive any answers 可知答案为 C。
2. D。细节题。根据 He wrote a lot of stories and posted them to the editorial departments but didn't receive any answers 可知答案为D。
3. C。推断题。Lao Yang 很早就喜欢写作,多次投稿却没有回音,于是他认为帮他女儿写作文是个很好的实现理想的机会,因此选 C。
4. B。细节题。根据第4段最后一句 …he asked his daughter if the article had been chosen to post the editorial department 可知答案为 B。
5. D。细节题。文章中说 I described just my father,但根据老师的要求他应该描写他自己。因此应该选择 D。
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阅读理解是学习高二英语重要考察的能力,所以平时的练习是不可缺少的。下面读文网小编为大家带来高二英语阅读练习题及参考答案,供同学们阅读训练!
1. The military camp was built in the village to _______.
A. stop the soldiers going to towns
B. stop the soldiers meeting their friends
C. train the new soldiers
D. make the young men live quietly
2. Mr. Hunt let the nine soldiers have a holiday because _______.
A. he was kind to them
B. they felt lonely
C. they had something important to do
D. they were the best of all
3. The young officer was worried because _______.
A. a traffic accident had happened
B. he was afraid something happened to the nine soldiers
C. the nine soldiers didn't come back on time
D. the nine soldiers drank too much in the town
4. The nine soldiers returned to the camp late because _______.
A. something was wrong with their buses
B. their horses died on the return way
C. it took them much time to run back
D. they all had drunk much in the town
5. Which answer do you think right?
A. I'll believe only the last soldier.
B. The officer believed the nine soldiers.
C. I'll believe none of the nine soldiers.
D. The officer won't punish his soldiers.
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英语四级考试的长篇阅读题篇章阅读难度大,对考生的整体阅读能力有了更高的要求,为了帮助大家提高四级长篇阅读的解题技巧。下面读文网小编为大家带来英语四级长篇阅读冲刺练习题,供考生阅读训练。
46.11eachers can create a class bulletin board to display all the book report sandwiches after their students finish their reports.
47.Adopting the method of knowing your author,teachers can encourage students to think beyond the immediate concerns of the book.
48.Asking me students to write from their own point of view is suitable for teachers who are on the lookout for good individual creative book report ideas.
49.Retelling a story is one of the favorite creative book report ideas among students and it tells and allows for an interactive book report session.
50.Nowadays,most of book children read are those they need to read for school.
51.Teachers tend to be more imaginative and creative as kids.
52.While working on creative ideas for book reports,students will have to understand the book.
53.The creative book report ideas vary according to ages because children in different age groups have different attention span.
54.If teachers ask their students to shoot a film about a book,they should give them no fewer than two months.
55.Teachers have to divide their class into groups and give them one book each is a good creative book report ideas.
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四级长篇阅读作为阅读理解的重要题型,所占总分的比重高,需要获得超高的正确率,才能不给阅读理解乃至总分拖后腿,因此需要考生在考前重视长篇阅读的练习。下面读文网小编为大家带来英语四级长篇阅读练习题,欢迎同学们阅读练习。
46. Rigoberta Menchu, the Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1992, writes preface for the book Endangered Peoples.
47. The book Endangered Peoples contents not only words, but also pictures.
48. Art Davidson's initial interest in native people was aroused by an ancient stone arrowhead he found in his childhood, which was once used by an American Indian hunter.
49. The native groups are trying very hard to balance between the ancient world and the modern world.
50. By talking with them, Art Davidson finds that the native people throughout the world desire to remain themselves.
51. Most of the Gwich'in are hunters, who live on hunting caribou.
52. Cultural Survival is an organization which aims at protecting the rights and cultures of peoples throughout the world.
53. According to Theodore MacDonald, the Cultural Survival organization .would like to develop a system of early warnings when a society's rights are to be violated.
54. The book State of the Peoples: a Global Human Rights Report on Societies in Danger describes the conditions of different native and minority groups.
55. The Gwich' in tried to stop oil companies from drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Preserve for fear that it should drive the caribou away.
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英语四级长篇阅读作为四级阅读理解题中的难点,需要考生又快速阅读的能力,因此在考前加强长阅读的练习十分重要。下面读文网小编为大家带来英语四级长篇阅读练习题,欢迎大家阅读训练!
46. The author was advised against theimproper use of figures of speech.
47. The author’s mother taught him avaluable lesson by pointing out lots of flaws in his seemingly perfect essay.
48. A writer should polish his writingrepeatedly so as to get closer to perfection.
49. Writers may experience periods of timein their life when they just can’t produce anything.
50. The author was not much surprised whenhis school teacher marked his essay as “flawless”.
51. Criticizing someone’s speech is said tobe easier than coming up with a better one.
52. The author looks upon his mother as hismost demanding and caring instructor.
53. The criticism the author received fromhis mother changed him as a person.
54. The author gradually improved hiswriting by avoiding fact language.
55. Constructive criticism gives an authora good start to improve his writing.
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阅读理解一直是学习高中英语的重点,想要提高阅读能力就要多读多练,下面读文网小编为大家带来高中英语阅读强化练习题附答案,供考生阅读训练。
41. Which of the following ideas is not suggested in the passage?
A.“Remembered history”,compared with written history,is less reliable
B.Written records of the past play the most important role in our learning of the human history.
C.A written account of our daily activities helps US to be able to answer many questions.
D.Where there are no written records.there is no history.
42.We know very little about the central Africa 200 years ago because
A.there was nothing worth being written down at that time
B .the people there ignored the importance of keeping a record
C.the written records were perhaps destroyed by a fire
D.the people there did not know how to write
43.“Remembered history”refers to
A.history based on a person‟s imagination
B .stories of important happenings passed down from mouth to mouth
C .songs and dances about the most important events
D .both B and C
44.“Remembered history”is regarded as valuable only when
A. it is written down
B .no written account is available
C.it proves to be time
D.people are interested in it
45 .The passage suggests that we could have learned much more about our past than we do now if the ancient people had
A.kept a written record of every past event
B. not burnt their written records in wars
C.told exact stories of the most important happenings
D.made more songs and dances
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英语阅读是学习初中英语十分重要的一项能力,初一的同学想要提高阅读能力,就要多读多练。下面读文网小编为大家带来初一英语阅读理解练习题,欢迎同学阅读练习。
初一英语阅读理解练习题原文:
There is a new park near Andy's home. It's fine today. Andy and his family are in the park now. On their left, there is a cafe. On their right, there is a big lake. There are many flowers and trees around the lake. There's a small hill behind the lake. Near the lake, there are two signs. One says, "Don't swim in the lake!"The other says, "No fishing!" But you can go boating on the lake. There is a beautiful garden in the middle of the park. There is green grass and beautiful flowers in it. There are some small shops between the lake and the garden. The park is so nice. Andy and his family like it very much.
初一英语阅读理解练习题目:
38. The park near Andy's home is __________.
A. new and beautiful B. old and beautiful C. clean and new D. old and clean
39. Is there a cafd in the park? __________.
A. Yes, there isn't. B. No, there isn't. C. Yes, there is. D. No, there is.
40. People can _______ on the lake. A. swim B. fish C. boat D. play
41. The shops in the park are not_________. A. small B. big C. good D. pretty
42. Do Andy and his family like the park?____________.
A. Yes, they don't. B. No, they do. C. Yes, very much. D. No, they don't.
初一英语阅读理解练习题答案:
ACCBC
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要学好初中英语,首先就要提高英语阅读能力。下面读文网小编为大家带来初中英语阅读强化练习题附答案,欢迎同学阅读练习。
1. Most American are busy_________ for their homes on Saturdays.
A. doing sports B. doing housework C. watching TV D. shopping
2. Most people like to do shopping _______.
A. on weekends B. on Sundays C. every day D. every week
3. In America, most people enjoy shopping in ____.
A. supermarkets B. shops C. the stores D. shopping malls
4. People don’t have to worry about rain or wind, because the mall is _______.
A. under one roof B. on the ground floor
C. in the open air D. without roof
5. In a shopping mall, you can find ________ to park your car.
A. a big house B. a place C. a small shop D. a room
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阅读理解在高考英语中占有很大的分值,想要提高英语阅读的能力就要多做练习。下面读文网小编为大家带来高考英语阅读练习题附答案,供考生阅读训练。
Bees add an estimated eighteen billion dollars a year to the value of American crops. They pollinate(授粉)flowers that become fruits, nuts and vegetables. But, in recent years, honeybee colonies in the United States and Europe have been shrinking. Scientists have proposed different theories to explain what is known as colony collapse disorder.
New research suggests that a commonly used group of insecticide(杀虫剂) could cause bees to have a hard time finding their way back to their hive. The new research looks at the use of pesticides called neonicotinoids. They were first used in the 1990s. They are now put on the seeds of many major crops around the world. The seedlings absorb the chemicals as they grow. That means farmers do not need to spray a whole field. Instead there is a little bit of insecticide inside each plant—including the pollen(花粉) and the nectar(花蜜) that the bees want. There is not enough pesticide to kill them. But the new research in the journal Science says it may harm them anyway.
Researchers stuck microchips to the backs of the bees. These chips recorded the bees' movements as they came and went from their hive. The scientists fed some bees sugar water with a low dose of a neonicotinoid. The study found that these bees were about twice as likely not to return as other bees.
Dave Goulson at the University of Stirling in Britain worked on another study published in Science. He says the pesticides could help explain why bumblebee populations are also decreasing.
Bayer CropScience makes neonicotinoid pesticides. The company's spokesman Jack Boyne disputed the findings. He also notes that researchers are studying other factors that could affect the bees' population. These include parasites, diseases and stress caused by transporting beehives to farms. Some European countries have banned the pesticides. And there are growing calls to ban them in the United States as well.
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阅读理解是高考英语的必考题型,需要考生多做练习提高阅读理解能力。下面读文网小编为大家带来高考英语阅读强化训练,欢迎同学们阅读训练。
C 主旨大意题。由文章第一段得知。
B 细节理解题。由文章第六段(women have been restricted to spend more time taking care of their home)得知。
A 词意猜测题。由文章第一段和第八段得知。
D 推理判断题。由倒数第二段得知。
D主旨大意题。
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英语阅读在高考中一直占有相当大的比重,因而加强英语阅读的训练尤为重要。下面读文网小编为大家带来高考英语阅读强化练习题,欢迎各位同学练习。
18.C解析:细节理解题。由第二段中的“It looks like a very thin,sharp piece of broken glass.And that is how the building got the name:the Shard.”可知,这栋楼的名字的由来是其外形像一块很薄、很锋利的碎玻璃片,因此选C项“它的形状”,而非它的“花费、尺寸或高度”。
19.B解析:细节理解题。第二段中的Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great London tradition.(Piano说“碎片大厦”的尖顶外形是伦敦伟大传统的一部分。)解释了设计师的想法,与B项“继承伦敦的传统”相吻合。A项“改变伦敦的天际线”是结果而不是设计初衷,C项“模仿埃及风格”及D项“吸引潜在的游客”文中均未涉及。
20.B解析:细节理解题。由第五段中的“Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel.”可知,谈到社会分化的批评家认为“碎片大厦”是“专为有钱人设计的(is intended for wealthy people)”。
21.D解析:主旨大意题。全文介绍了欧洲第一高楼——英国伦敦的“碎片大厦”。由第一段的最后一句“However,not everyone thinks that it is a change for the better.”可知,对于这个改变,毁誉参半,故D项“碎片大厦:更好的改变?”作为标题最为合适。A项“碎片大厦:欢呼与掌声”只关注了支持者,不够全面。
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坚持每天的阅读练习,是提高高考英语成绩的制胜法宝,下面读文网小编为大家带来高考英语阅读理解练习题,欢迎同学们阅读训练。
71. B 这是一道推断题。根据第三段“‘We looked at current issues and childhood overweight really stood out,’she says,‘And I want to tackle that with my design .’”可以推断出这个设计是为了解决孩子超重的问题。
72. A 这是一道推断题。根据第四段“Once a child has used up their daily allowance gained through exercise, the television automatically switches off. And further time in front of the TV can only be earned through more steps.”可知这种鞋利用走路的步数来控制孩子看电视的时间。
73. C 这是一道推断题。根据第五段“Health experts suggest that a child take 12 000 steps each day and watch no more than two hours of television.”可以推断出健康专家给出了每天合适的运动量和看电视时间。
74. A 这是一道推断题。根据最后一段“Swan says these can be easily tricked into recording steps through shaking. But her shoe has been built to be harder for lazy teenagers to cheat.”可以推断出类似产品可以用晃动来作弊,但是她设计的鞋使得懒惰的青少年很难作弊。
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坚持每天的阅读练习,是提高高考英语成绩的制胜法宝,下面读文网小编为大家带来高考英语阅读理解练习题,欢迎同学们阅读训练。
( ) 1. According to Swan, the purpose of her design project is to ________.
A. keep a record of the steps of the wearer
B. deal with overweight among teenagers
C. enable children to resist the temptation of TV
D. prevent children from being tricked by TV programs
( ) 2. Which of the following is true of Square Eyes shoes?
A. They regulate a child’s evening TV viewing time.
B. They determine a child’s daily pocket money.
C. They have raised the hot issue of overweight.
D. They contain information of the receiver.
( ) 3. What is stressed by health experts in their suggestion?
A. The exact number of steps to be taken.
B. The precise number of hours spent on TV.
C. The proper amount of daily exercise and TV time.
D. The way of changing steps into TV watching time.
( ) 4. Compared with other similar products, the new design ________.
A. makes it difficult for lazy teenagers to cheat
B. counts the wearer’s steps through shaking
C. records the sudden movement of the wearer
D. sends teenagers’ health data to the receiver
( ) 5. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Smart Shoes Decide on Television Time
B. Smart Shoes Guarantee More Exercise
C. Smart Shoes Measure Time of Exercise
D. Smart Shoes Stop Childhood Overweight
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阅读理解在中考英语中占有很大的分值,想要提高英语阅读的能力就要多做练习。下面读文网小编为大家带来高考英语阅读练习题附答案,供考生阅读训练。
1A 2 C 3 D 4 D 5 A
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下面读文网小编为大家带来金融英语双语阅读,欢迎大家学习!
A company is an organization which operates a business in one of these forms: A business which is owned by a single individual who is entitled to all of the profits
and assumes all liabilities of the business is called a sole proprietorship. When two or more parties share the profits and liabilities of a company it is called a
partnership. Partnerships usually are "limited partnerships" in which a managing partner runs the day-to-
day business while the limited partners are not involved in management decisions and enjoy limited liability. Sole proprietorships and partnerships usually
adopt a company name known as a DBA or "doing business as" that company name. As business grows, the principals might want to apply for a corporate charter.
The corporation formed in this process is considered to be a separate individual by law and usually provides certain tax relief, expense deductions, and liability
protection to the principals involved. Corporations may be privately or publicly owned.
公司是经营某项业务的组织,它有两种形式:一种是个人所有,这个人拥有全部资产并承担所有债务。如果有两个或更多的团体共同分享公司的利润并承担义务,这样的公司被称作合伙。合伙企业通常是"有限合伙",也就是合伙人执行每天的经营不参与管理决策并承担有限义务。独资和合伙企业通常使用所有人之外的名称作为公司的名字。随着业务发展,公司负责人就会申请一个公司章程。在制定公司章程的过程中,公司被看作是独立的法人,负责人通常会有一些税务减免,费用削减和债务保护。公司可以是私有制或共有制。
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下面读文网小编为大家带来金融英语银行双语阅读,欢迎大家学习!
The Commercial Banking System Today in the United States
Several of the characteristics of American banking just discussed carry over into today's commercial banking system. Prominent among these is the dual-chartering system; that is, we continue to have commercial bank charters issued at two different levels of government. National banks receive their charters from the Comptroller of Currency~. Any national bank must have somewhere in its corporate title the word "national". Thus, for example, "Wells Fargo Bank, National Association" indicates that this bank has a federal charter. All national banks must be members of the Federal Reserve System.
Most banks, however, receive their charters from the appropriate agency of their respective state. They are under the supervision of their state's banking authority. However, state-chartered commercial banks may elect to become members of the Federal Reserve System, but this not mandatory for them as it is for national banks. If state-chartered banks~ elect membership in the Federal Reserve System, they come under the supervision of two banking authorities, state and national.
Thus, the American commercial banking system is comprised of two types of banks: the member banks of the Federal Reserve System which are national banks and those state-chartered banks electing membership; and nonmember state-chartered banks. Today' s banking system in the United States is comprised of more than 14,000 individual banks. Of this number, well under 50 percent are member banks of the Federal Reserve System——only 5,788 commercial banks out of a total of 14,633, or roughly 40 percent. These member banks, however, commanded the largest share of commercial banks resources, about three-fourths as of June 30, 1976. They held over three-fourths of deposits subject to check, $202,144 million as of the same date, which represented some 67 percent of our total money supply.
Although the national banks did~ continue a considerable advance in American commercial banking development, they also brought with them disadvantages. Their improvements included the establishment of a safe, uniform currency and a reduction in the number of commercial bank failures through strengthening due to more conservative standards of regulation and examination. There also developed a measure of correspondent banking relations through the provision for regarding, deposits in reserve city and central reserve city banks as reserves. But this last feature also was the System's greatest weakness. The National Bank System provided for the concentration go existing reserves into the city banks, but no provision was made for the creation of new reserves when necessary.
In our discussion, these two characteristics of present-day commercial banks will be in the forefront of much of our analysis: First, commercial banks create deposit liabilities against themselves, instead of note issue as the early banks did; and second, commercial banks today hold a wide variety of earning assets, not just short-term, self-liquidating loans~. One thing, however, continues to be just as true today as it was in the days of the banker: creation of money occurs when two opposite transactions take place simultaneously between the commercial bank and the customer~ The commercial bank increases its debt to the customer, and the customer puts himself into debt to the bank by the same amount. This simultaneous exchange of liabilities is significant because one of the debts created——the demand deposit liability——is money while the other-the loan——earns income for the bank.
From Money and Banking
NOTES
1.dual chartering system 双轨(银行)注册制,指商业银行既可以在联邦注册,也可在各州注册。这一制度为美国所特有。
2.National banks 国民银行,在美国指在联邦注册的商业银行。
3.ComptrollerofCurrency壬塑生生里宣(隶属于财政部),是美国金融监管职能部门之一,与美联储共同承担金融业的监管职能。
4.Federal Reserve System 联邦储备体系,即美国的中央银行(体系),通常可简称为美联储。
5.state-chartered banks 在州注册的商业银行,通常称为州立银行。
6.moneysupply 货币供应,包括货币供应量和货币供给行为两方面内容,是指银行系统通过其资金运用向社会注入货币的数量以及相应的行为过程。
7.Although the national banks did …did在此处表示强调,可译为“确实”。
8.correspondent banking 代理行业务,指某一银行委托其它银行代为办理某些业务的关系。
9.note issue 指中央银行制度建立之前,各商业银行自己发行银行券的业务活动。
10.self-liquidating loans 自我清偿贷款,指商业银行向有物资保证且清偿力较高的企业发放的短期贷款。
参考资料:
美国的银行体系
自1782年美国第一家银行——北美银行(Bank.fNorthAmerica)成立以来,美国金融业经过长达200多年的发展,目前已形成了一个以商业银行为主,包括中央银行、储蓄机构、投资银行和政府专业性银行在内的庞大体系。
一、美国的联邦储备体系(Federal Reserve System)
联邦储备体系,即美国的中央银行。它是根据1913年12月23日美国总统威尔逊签署的联邦储备法而建.立起来的,简称联储(FED)。
联储的组成包括以下几部分:(1)联邦储备银行。联邦储备银行共有12家,分别设在波士顿、纽约、费城、克利夫兰、里土满、亚特兰大、芝加哥、圣·路易斯、明尼阿波利斯、堪萨斯、达拉斯和旧金山。它们在各自负责的地区执行中央银行的职能。除以上12家联邦储备银行外,凡根据联邦法律在联邦注册成立的国民银行都必须参加联邦储备体系,成为成员银行。其他根据各州法律在州政府注册成立的银行,如符合条件并愿意参加联邦储备体系的,则可自愿申请加入。(2)联邦储备委员会。联邦储备委员会(FRB)设在首都华盛顿,由7名理事组成,负责管理整个联邦储备体系。理事会成员和主席均由总统任命。该委员会负责制定有关法律规则并监督其实施,制定和审查批准储备金要求、存款最高利率及贴现率等。(3)联邦公开市场委员会。联邦公开市场委员会负责制定联储的短期货币政策,由12名成员组成,包括联储委员会理事及部分联储银行行长。该委员会所制定的货币政策通过设在纽约联储银行的公开市场桌(Open Market Desk),在一个称之为“公开市场帐户”的特殊帐户买卖美国政府和联邦机构的债券及承兑银行票据来实现。(4)联邦咨询委员会。联邦咨询委员会由每个联邦储备区选派一名成员组成,是一个政策咨询和建议机构。
美国联邦储备体系的特点在于:(1)联储体系不是由联邦政府控制,而是由12个地区联储银行和联储委员会共同执行中央银行职能。(2)联储体系由成员银行共同拥有,而不是由联邦政府所有,其性质是私有的,具有很强的独立性,在制定和执行货币政策时不需要得到政府和国会的批准。
二、美国的商业银行体系
商业银行是美国银行体系的中坚力量。多年来,美国的商业银行体系形成了其独特的形式,主要有以下几方面特点: .
1.双轨银行制度
按对商业银行的管血体制划分,美国的商业银行可分为在联邦政府注册的国民银行和在州政府注册的州立银行两种,这就是美国独特的双轨银行制度。国民银行必须是联邦储备体系的成员银行,受财政部货币总监、联储和联邦存款保险公司的监督管理。州银行则不一定要参加联储及联邦存款保险公司。
长期以来,美国的商业银行总数一直保持在1万家以上。其中国民银行占50%左右。但国民银行中有许多是实力雄厚的大银行,如花旗银行(City Bank)、大通银行(Chase Manhattan Bank)、美洲银行(Bank of American)等等。这些银行也是美国主要的国际性大银行。
2.单一银行制度
单一银行制度是在三十年代世界性经济危机后在美国实行的,其目的是为了保证银行经营的安全性。单一银行制度的内容是不允许银行跨州设立分支机构,同时商业银行也不能经营投资银行业务。因此美国商业银行的经营无论是在地域范围还是业务范围上都受到很大限制。
80年代以来,金融自由化的浪潮遍及全球,美国的单一银行制度也受到了很大冲击,商业银行纷纷要求放松这方面的限制以适应日趋激烈'的竞争,有关法律已有所松动,美国商业银行的经营的自由度正在逐步扩大。
3.联邦存款保险公司
美国的联邦存款保险公司是根据1933年的银行法令建立起来的。根据有关法律规定,各银行要向联邦存款保险公司缴纳保险基金,而联邦存款保险公司有责任在投保银行倒闭时保证存款人的财产不致受到损失。此外,该公司还拥有检查监督的权力,成为会员银行的后盾。
三、其他金融机构
除商业银行外,美国还有其他一些金融机构,主要有以下几类:
1.储蓄机构。储蓄机构不是银行,但是能够向商业银行一样吸收存款,并把它作为主要资金来源。储蓄机构的资金原来主要投资于消费领域,但自80年代以来,大量转向其他领域。
储蓄机构主要可分为三类:(1)储贷机构。储贷机构是在联邦或州注册的金融机构,按照法律规定,这些机构的贷款必须大部分用于住房抵押贷款,其管理机构为联邦住宅贷款银行董事会和联邦储蓄和贷款保险公司。储贷机构又可分为合作社和股份公司两种形式。(2)互助储蓄银行。互助储蓄银行是由存款者所拥有的合作存款金融机构。其管理由一个受托人委员会(理事会)任命的管理人员负责。互助储蓄银行的资产主要投放于抵押贷款和抵押贷款证券上,也有相当比重投放于政府证券、公司债券和其他贷款上。(3)信用社。信用社为非盈利性酌合作金融机构,为会员提供个人贷款等银行服务。信用社由会员选出董事会,其他管理人员则由董事会任命。信用社成员必须由有一定联系的人员(如同一公司工作的员工)组成。
2.投资机构。美国的投资机构主要包括以下几类:(1)投资银行公司。美国的投资银行业十分发达,有许多世界著名的投资公司,如美林公司、摩根·斯坦利公司、所罗门兄弟公司等。投资银行公司的基本业务有四类:承购包瘸薪发行证券;经纪和交易;资金管理;其他收费业务。(2)证券经纪与交易公司。这些公司的资产以短期存款和证券、证券信贷(向客户提供购买证券的信贷)和公司股票为主。这些公司又可分为经纪公司和交易公司两种类型。(3)货币市场合作基金,也称货币市场基金,是一种合作基金形式的投资公司,其股票不在市场挂牌,在证券与交易委员会注册。(4)其他投资公司,包括固定信托投资公司、封闭式基金和小企业开发公司等。
3.保险公司。保险公司服务的基本作用是在计划和活动方面给企业和个人提供更高的确定性。为了提供保险,保险公司要持有大量资产。这些资产的持有和现金的流人与流出使保险公司能够起到把资金从一个部门转移到另一个部门的作用,因此也属于金融机构的范畴。保险公司按照业务性质可分为人寿保险公司和财产保险公司两类;按照组织形式又可分为股份公司和合作公司。
除此以外,美国的金融机构还包括财务公司、抵押贷款公司、房地产投资信托公司、金融服务公司等,这些金融机构在美国的金融体系中同样发挥着重要作用。
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