为您找到与金融英语阅读理解相关的共200个结果:
英语阅读是学习初中英语十分重要的一项能力,初一的同学想要提高阅读能力,就要多读多练。下面读文网小编为大家带来初一英语阅读理解练习题,欢迎同学阅读练习。
初一英语阅读理解练习题原文:
There is a new park near Andy's home. It's fine today. Andy and his family are in the park now. On their left, there is a cafe. On their right, there is a big lake. There are many flowers and trees around the lake. There's a small hill behind the lake. Near the lake, there are two signs. One says, "Don't swim in the lake!"The other says, "No fishing!" But you can go boating on the lake. There is a beautiful garden in the middle of the park. There is green grass and beautiful flowers in it. There are some small shops between the lake and the garden. The park is so nice. Andy and his family like it very much.
初一英语阅读理解练习题目:
38. The park near Andy's home is __________.
A. new and beautiful B. old and beautiful C. clean and new D. old and clean
39. Is there a cafd in the park? __________.
A. Yes, there isn't. B. No, there isn't. C. Yes, there is. D. No, there is.
40. People can _______ on the lake. A. swim B. fish C. boat D. play
41. The shops in the park are not_________. A. small B. big C. good D. pretty
42. Do Andy and his family like the park?____________.
A. Yes, they don't. B. No, they do. C. Yes, very much. D. No, they don't.
初一英语阅读理解练习题答案:
ACCBC
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坚持每天的阅读练习,是提高高考英语成绩的制胜法宝,下面读文网小编为大家带来高考英语阅读理解练习题,欢迎同学们阅读训练。
( ) 1. According to the passage, the wonder we take for granted is .
A. our ability to use language
B. the miracle of technology
C. the amazing power of nature
D. our ability to make noises with mouth
答案:A
考点:细节理解题。
题目: 根据文章, 我们认为理所当然的奇迹是:
A: 我们使用语言的能力
B: 技术的奇迹
C: 自然的惊人力量
D: 我们用嘴制造噪音的能力。
解析:根据第一段倒数第二句话The universal wonder we share and experience is our ability to make noise without mouths, and so transmit ideas and thoughts to each other's minds.可知: 我们把使用语言的能力这个奇迹当做理所当然。B, C选项与文章不符, 在第一段第二句话中可得知。D选项易误导学生, 在文章中虽然有原话, 但一句话没有说完, 关键是通过嘴巴发出的声音去给其他人传递信息。故D选项也是错误的。
( ) . What feature of "body language" mentioned in the passage is common to both human an animals?
A. Lifting heads when sad.
B. Keeping long faces when angry.
C. Bristling hair when ready to attack.
D. Bowing heads when willing to obey.
答案:D
考点:细节理解题。
题目: 文章中提到的"肢体语言"的什么特征对于人类和动物都是共同的:
A: 伤心时抬头
B: 愤怒时拉长脸
C: 准备攻击时直立毛皮
D: 乐意服从时低头
解析: 根据第三段最后一句话"Similarly, the bowed head or drooping tail shows ....."可知答案。A和B选项描绘的是人的肢体语言特征。C 选项描绘的是动物的肢体语言。
( ) . What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
A. Body language is unique to humans.
B. Animals express emotions just as humans do.
C. Humans have other powers of communication.
D. Humans are no different from animals to some degree.
答案:D
考点:推理判断题。
题目: 从第三段可以推段出:
A: 肢体语言是人类独一无二的
B: 动物和人类一样表达情感
C: 人类有其他交流的能力
D: 人类在某种程度上和动物是相同的
解析: 根据第三段后三句话可知: 人类在某种程度上和动物没有不同。从段落中可得知A, B, C 均与文章不符。
( ). This passage is mainly about .
A. the development of body language.
B. the special role humans play in nature
C. the power to convey information to others
D. the difference between humans and animals in language use
答案:C
考点:主旨大意题。
题目: 这篇文章主要讲述什么?
A: 肢体语言的发展
B: 人类在自然中扮演的特殊角色
C: 给他人传递信息的力量
D: 人类和动物在语言使用中的差异
解析: 整篇文章谈论的都是给他人传递信息的力量, 使用语言的能力。A, B选项文章未提及. D选项较片面, 文章第三段中提到了相似点和差异二种。
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坚持每天的阅读练习,是提高高考英语成绩的制胜法宝,下面读文网小编为大家带来高考英语阅读理解练习题,欢迎同学们阅读训练。
71. B 这是一道推断题。根据第三段“‘We looked at current issues and childhood overweight really stood out,’she says,‘And I want to tackle that with my design .’”可以推断出这个设计是为了解决孩子超重的问题。
72. A 这是一道推断题。根据第四段“Once a child has used up their daily allowance gained through exercise, the television automatically switches off. And further time in front of the TV can only be earned through more steps.”可知这种鞋利用走路的步数来控制孩子看电视的时间。
73. C 这是一道推断题。根据第五段“Health experts suggest that a child take 12 000 steps each day and watch no more than two hours of television.”可以推断出健康专家给出了每天合适的运动量和看电视时间。
74. A 这是一道推断题。根据最后一段“Swan says these can be easily tricked into recording steps through shaking. But her shoe has been built to be harder for lazy teenagers to cheat.”可以推断出类似产品可以用晃动来作弊,但是她设计的鞋使得懒惰的青少年很难作弊。
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坚持每天的阅读练习,是提高高考英语成绩的制胜法宝,下面读文网小编为大家带来高考英语阅读理解练习题,欢迎同学们阅读训练。
( ) 1. According to Swan, the purpose of her design project is to ________.
A. keep a record of the steps of the wearer
B. deal with overweight among teenagers
C. enable children to resist the temptation of TV
D. prevent children from being tricked by TV programs
( ) 2. Which of the following is true of Square Eyes shoes?
A. They regulate a child’s evening TV viewing time.
B. They determine a child’s daily pocket money.
C. They have raised the hot issue of overweight.
D. They contain information of the receiver.
( ) 3. What is stressed by health experts in their suggestion?
A. The exact number of steps to be taken.
B. The precise number of hours spent on TV.
C. The proper amount of daily exercise and TV time.
D. The way of changing steps into TV watching time.
( ) 4. Compared with other similar products, the new design ________.
A. makes it difficult for lazy teenagers to cheat
B. counts the wearer’s steps through shaking
C. records the sudden movement of the wearer
D. sends teenagers’ health data to the receiver
( ) 5. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Smart Shoes Decide on Television Time
B. Smart Shoes Guarantee More Exercise
C. Smart Shoes Measure Time of Exercise
D. Smart Shoes Stop Childhood Overweight
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阅读理解是初中英语各类考试中的重要考点,掌握阅读理解的技巧对于提高英语成绩十分重要。下面读文网小编为大家带来初一英语阅读理解技巧,欢迎大家学习!
1、细节理解题
*此类题主要考察学生对相关信息的识别能力, 答案一般在原文中能找到。
*答题时应迅速找到它的考察点,切不可望文生义或主观臆断。
*出题中所设的干扰项一般与文中的观点截然相反,要么不符,要么未涉及,相对容易排除。
2、文章(段落)主旨大意题
Which is the best title of the passage?
The writer thinks________.
The writer wants to tell us__________.
The main idea of the passage is________.
*切忌以点代面,以偏概全。文章的首尾句及各段的首尾句往往是探察全文内容的窗口,阅读时要学会找出文章的中心句。
*在阅读过程中,可通过略读来快速把握文章的中心,阅读时视阈要宽,紧抓对主题句的搜索,按意群进行阅读,避免阅读中的出声、指读、复视或停顿。
*学会猜词、跳词阅读,以暂时记忆迅速在头脑中清晰把握文章的大意。
3、推理判断题
此类题需要透过文章信息进行深入的分析、综合、归纳等推断,需根据上下文及其内在联系对篇章进行深入的分析。
1) How many times did the tiger come into the village?
*每段的首句,含有重要的解题线索。
2) From the second paragraph we know_____.
*在把握全篇的基础上,细读这一段。
4、是非判断题
Which of the following is (NOT) true?
Which of the following descriptions about… is right?
*干扰项常常是无中生有,张冠李戴,以偏概全,扩大内容。
5、词意句意题
What does the word “…” mean in paragraph 3?
What does the sentence “…” really mean?
In the last paragraph, “…” means___.
What does the underlined word mean?
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下面读文网小编为大家带来金融英语双语阅读,欢迎大家学习!
A company is an organization which operates a business in one of these forms: A business which is owned by a single individual who is entitled to all of the profits
and assumes all liabilities of the business is called a sole proprietorship. When two or more parties share the profits and liabilities of a company it is called a
partnership. Partnerships usually are "limited partnerships" in which a managing partner runs the day-to-
day business while the limited partners are not involved in management decisions and enjoy limited liability. Sole proprietorships and partnerships usually
adopt a company name known as a DBA or "doing business as" that company name. As business grows, the principals might want to apply for a corporate charter.
The corporation formed in this process is considered to be a separate individual by law and usually provides certain tax relief, expense deductions, and liability
protection to the principals involved. Corporations may be privately or publicly owned.
公司是经营某项业务的组织,它有两种形式:一种是个人所有,这个人拥有全部资产并承担所有债务。如果有两个或更多的团体共同分享公司的利润并承担义务,这样的公司被称作合伙。合伙企业通常是"有限合伙",也就是合伙人执行每天的经营不参与管理决策并承担有限义务。独资和合伙企业通常使用所有人之外的名称作为公司的名字。随着业务发展,公司负责人就会申请一个公司章程。在制定公司章程的过程中,公司被看作是独立的法人,负责人通常会有一些税务减免,费用削减和债务保护。公司可以是私有制或共有制。
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下面读文网小编为大家带来金融英语银行双语阅读,欢迎大家学习!
The Commercial Banking System Today in the United States
Several of the characteristics of American banking just discussed carry over into today's commercial banking system. Prominent among these is the dual-chartering system; that is, we continue to have commercial bank charters issued at two different levels of government. National banks receive their charters from the Comptroller of Currency~. Any national bank must have somewhere in its corporate title the word "national". Thus, for example, "Wells Fargo Bank, National Association" indicates that this bank has a federal charter. All national banks must be members of the Federal Reserve System.
Most banks, however, receive their charters from the appropriate agency of their respective state. They are under the supervision of their state's banking authority. However, state-chartered commercial banks may elect to become members of the Federal Reserve System, but this not mandatory for them as it is for national banks. If state-chartered banks~ elect membership in the Federal Reserve System, they come under the supervision of two banking authorities, state and national.
Thus, the American commercial banking system is comprised of two types of banks: the member banks of the Federal Reserve System which are national banks and those state-chartered banks electing membership; and nonmember state-chartered banks. Today' s banking system in the United States is comprised of more than 14,000 individual banks. Of this number, well under 50 percent are member banks of the Federal Reserve System——only 5,788 commercial banks out of a total of 14,633, or roughly 40 percent. These member banks, however, commanded the largest share of commercial banks resources, about three-fourths as of June 30, 1976. They held over three-fourths of deposits subject to check, $202,144 million as of the same date, which represented some 67 percent of our total money supply.
Although the national banks did~ continue a considerable advance in American commercial banking development, they also brought with them disadvantages. Their improvements included the establishment of a safe, uniform currency and a reduction in the number of commercial bank failures through strengthening due to more conservative standards of regulation and examination. There also developed a measure of correspondent banking relations through the provision for regarding, deposits in reserve city and central reserve city banks as reserves. But this last feature also was the System's greatest weakness. The National Bank System provided for the concentration go existing reserves into the city banks, but no provision was made for the creation of new reserves when necessary.
In our discussion, these two characteristics of present-day commercial banks will be in the forefront of much of our analysis: First, commercial banks create deposit liabilities against themselves, instead of note issue as the early banks did; and second, commercial banks today hold a wide variety of earning assets, not just short-term, self-liquidating loans~. One thing, however, continues to be just as true today as it was in the days of the banker: creation of money occurs when two opposite transactions take place simultaneously between the commercial bank and the customer~ The commercial bank increases its debt to the customer, and the customer puts himself into debt to the bank by the same amount. This simultaneous exchange of liabilities is significant because one of the debts created——the demand deposit liability——is money while the other-the loan——earns income for the bank.
From Money and Banking
NOTES
1.dual chartering system 双轨(银行)注册制,指商业银行既可以在联邦注册,也可在各州注册。这一制度为美国所特有。
2.National banks 国民银行,在美国指在联邦注册的商业银行。
3.ComptrollerofCurrency壬塑生生里宣(隶属于财政部),是美国金融监管职能部门之一,与美联储共同承担金融业的监管职能。
4.Federal Reserve System 联邦储备体系,即美国的中央银行(体系),通常可简称为美联储。
5.state-chartered banks 在州注册的商业银行,通常称为州立银行。
6.moneysupply 货币供应,包括货币供应量和货币供给行为两方面内容,是指银行系统通过其资金运用向社会注入货币的数量以及相应的行为过程。
7.Although the national banks did …did在此处表示强调,可译为“确实”。
8.correspondent banking 代理行业务,指某一银行委托其它银行代为办理某些业务的关系。
9.note issue 指中央银行制度建立之前,各商业银行自己发行银行券的业务活动。
10.self-liquidating loans 自我清偿贷款,指商业银行向有物资保证且清偿力较高的企业发放的短期贷款。
参考资料:
美国的银行体系
自1782年美国第一家银行——北美银行(Bank.fNorthAmerica)成立以来,美国金融业经过长达200多年的发展,目前已形成了一个以商业银行为主,包括中央银行、储蓄机构、投资银行和政府专业性银行在内的庞大体系。
一、美国的联邦储备体系(Federal Reserve System)
联邦储备体系,即美国的中央银行。它是根据1913年12月23日美国总统威尔逊签署的联邦储备法而建.立起来的,简称联储(FED)。
联储的组成包括以下几部分:(1)联邦储备银行。联邦储备银行共有12家,分别设在波士顿、纽约、费城、克利夫兰、里土满、亚特兰大、芝加哥、圣·路易斯、明尼阿波利斯、堪萨斯、达拉斯和旧金山。它们在各自负责的地区执行中央银行的职能。除以上12家联邦储备银行外,凡根据联邦法律在联邦注册成立的国民银行都必须参加联邦储备体系,成为成员银行。其他根据各州法律在州政府注册成立的银行,如符合条件并愿意参加联邦储备体系的,则可自愿申请加入。(2)联邦储备委员会。联邦储备委员会(FRB)设在首都华盛顿,由7名理事组成,负责管理整个联邦储备体系。理事会成员和主席均由总统任命。该委员会负责制定有关法律规则并监督其实施,制定和审查批准储备金要求、存款最高利率及贴现率等。(3)联邦公开市场委员会。联邦公开市场委员会负责制定联储的短期货币政策,由12名成员组成,包括联储委员会理事及部分联储银行行长。该委员会所制定的货币政策通过设在纽约联储银行的公开市场桌(Open Market Desk),在一个称之为“公开市场帐户”的特殊帐户买卖美国政府和联邦机构的债券及承兑银行票据来实现。(4)联邦咨询委员会。联邦咨询委员会由每个联邦储备区选派一名成员组成,是一个政策咨询和建议机构。
美国联邦储备体系的特点在于:(1)联储体系不是由联邦政府控制,而是由12个地区联储银行和联储委员会共同执行中央银行职能。(2)联储体系由成员银行共同拥有,而不是由联邦政府所有,其性质是私有的,具有很强的独立性,在制定和执行货币政策时不需要得到政府和国会的批准。
二、美国的商业银行体系
商业银行是美国银行体系的中坚力量。多年来,美国的商业银行体系形成了其独特的形式,主要有以下几方面特点: .
1.双轨银行制度
按对商业银行的管血体制划分,美国的商业银行可分为在联邦政府注册的国民银行和在州政府注册的州立银行两种,这就是美国独特的双轨银行制度。国民银行必须是联邦储备体系的成员银行,受财政部货币总监、联储和联邦存款保险公司的监督管理。州银行则不一定要参加联储及联邦存款保险公司。
长期以来,美国的商业银行总数一直保持在1万家以上。其中国民银行占50%左右。但国民银行中有许多是实力雄厚的大银行,如花旗银行(City Bank)、大通银行(Chase Manhattan Bank)、美洲银行(Bank of American)等等。这些银行也是美国主要的国际性大银行。
2.单一银行制度
单一银行制度是在三十年代世界性经济危机后在美国实行的,其目的是为了保证银行经营的安全性。单一银行制度的内容是不允许银行跨州设立分支机构,同时商业银行也不能经营投资银行业务。因此美国商业银行的经营无论是在地域范围还是业务范围上都受到很大限制。
80年代以来,金融自由化的浪潮遍及全球,美国的单一银行制度也受到了很大冲击,商业银行纷纷要求放松这方面的限制以适应日趋激烈'的竞争,有关法律已有所松动,美国商业银行的经营的自由度正在逐步扩大。
3.联邦存款保险公司
美国的联邦存款保险公司是根据1933年的银行法令建立起来的。根据有关法律规定,各银行要向联邦存款保险公司缴纳保险基金,而联邦存款保险公司有责任在投保银行倒闭时保证存款人的财产不致受到损失。此外,该公司还拥有检查监督的权力,成为会员银行的后盾。
三、其他金融机构
除商业银行外,美国还有其他一些金融机构,主要有以下几类:
1.储蓄机构。储蓄机构不是银行,但是能够向商业银行一样吸收存款,并把它作为主要资金来源。储蓄机构的资金原来主要投资于消费领域,但自80年代以来,大量转向其他领域。
储蓄机构主要可分为三类:(1)储贷机构。储贷机构是在联邦或州注册的金融机构,按照法律规定,这些机构的贷款必须大部分用于住房抵押贷款,其管理机构为联邦住宅贷款银行董事会和联邦储蓄和贷款保险公司。储贷机构又可分为合作社和股份公司两种形式。(2)互助储蓄银行。互助储蓄银行是由存款者所拥有的合作存款金融机构。其管理由一个受托人委员会(理事会)任命的管理人员负责。互助储蓄银行的资产主要投放于抵押贷款和抵押贷款证券上,也有相当比重投放于政府证券、公司债券和其他贷款上。(3)信用社。信用社为非盈利性酌合作金融机构,为会员提供个人贷款等银行服务。信用社由会员选出董事会,其他管理人员则由董事会任命。信用社成员必须由有一定联系的人员(如同一公司工作的员工)组成。
2.投资机构。美国的投资机构主要包括以下几类:(1)投资银行公司。美国的投资银行业十分发达,有许多世界著名的投资公司,如美林公司、摩根·斯坦利公司、所罗门兄弟公司等。投资银行公司的基本业务有四类:承购包瘸薪发行证券;经纪和交易;资金管理;其他收费业务。(2)证券经纪与交易公司。这些公司的资产以短期存款和证券、证券信贷(向客户提供购买证券的信贷)和公司股票为主。这些公司又可分为经纪公司和交易公司两种类型。(3)货币市场合作基金,也称货币市场基金,是一种合作基金形式的投资公司,其股票不在市场挂牌,在证券与交易委员会注册。(4)其他投资公司,包括固定信托投资公司、封闭式基金和小企业开发公司等。
3.保险公司。保险公司服务的基本作用是在计划和活动方面给企业和个人提供更高的确定性。为了提供保险,保险公司要持有大量资产。这些资产的持有和现金的流人与流出使保险公司能够起到把资金从一个部门转移到另一个部门的作用,因此也属于金融机构的范畴。保险公司按照业务性质可分为人寿保险公司和财产保险公司两类;按照组织形式又可分为股份公司和合作公司。
除此以外,美国的金融机构还包括财务公司、抵押贷款公司、房地产投资信托公司、金融服务公司等,这些金融机构在美国的金融体系中同样发挥着重要作用。
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下面是读文网小编为大家带来金融英语阅读:China’s wealthy no longer putting on Ritz,欢迎大家阅读!
On a quiet afternoon this week, one female shopper was browsing through pricey handbags in Beijing’s largely empty Shin Kong luxury mall. 最近一个静静的午后,一位女顾客在空荡荡的北京新光天地豪华购物中心浏览高价手袋。
“I buy all sorts of brands — Louis Vuitton, Chanel, Prada, Gucci,” said the financial consultant. “Now the price of luxury products in China is much better than before but mostly, I buy them when I go abroad every year.” “我买各种品牌,路易威登(LV)、香奈儿(Chanel)、Prada、Gucci,”这位财务顾问说道,“现在国内奢侈品的价格比过去便宜多了,但我大多是在每年去国外时购买。”
She may be willing to splash out on big brand names at home and abroad, but Chinese shoppers like her are becoming scarcer. The effects of a government crackdown on expensive gift-giving and the deceleration in the economy are being compounded by changing consumer tastes. 她可能愿意拿出大笔钱在国内外购买大牌奢侈品,但像她这样的中国消费者正变得更加难找。政府对赠送昂贵礼品的打击以及经济增速放缓的影响,正与消费者品味改变交织在一起。
Luxury companies are also suffering from heady expansion based on what a report this week, from US think-tank the Demand Institute and its parent institution, the Conference Board, described as “overly optimistic growth and consumption projections” that have “misled foreign investors”. 奢侈品公司还尝到迅猛扩张的苦果,美国智库"需求研究所"(Demand Institute)及其上级机构“世界大型企业联合会”(Conference Board)最近的一份报告称,这种扩张基于“误导外国投资者”的“过于乐观的增长和消费预测”。
Luxury spending in mainland China fell last year for the first time, according to Bain & Co, to roughly ¢15bn. The consultancy expects it to contract a further 2 per cent at constant currency rates, steeper than last year’s 1 per cent decline. 根据贝恩(Bain & Co)的数据,去年,中国内地奢侈品支出首次下滑,为150亿欧元左右。该咨询公司预测,按不变汇率计算,今年将进一步下滑2%,降幅大于去年的1%。
That is a sharp reversal of a decade of remarkable growth, when Chinese luxury spending, at home and abroad, leapt tenfold — from 3 per cent of global luxury spending in 2004 to 30 per cent last year, according to Exane BNP Paribas.
Without its main motor for growth, it is no longer a life of luxury for the world’s ¢250bn industry, which is having to work harder to adjust to the complexities of a more mature and fragmenting market. 那是对10年大幅增长的急剧逆转。根据法国巴黎银行证券部(Exane BNP Paribas)的数据,过去10年中国人在国内外的奢侈品支出跃增10倍,从2004年占全球奢侈品支出3%,升至去年的30%。
Luca Solca, analyst at Exane BNP Paribas, says the Chinese market “hasn’t been great for anyone recently, but Prada and Burberry seem to be under greater pressure from China than their peers”. 没有了主要增长推动力,2500亿欧元的全球奢侈品行业日子不再好过,该行业不得不加倍努力,以适应一个更成熟更分化的市场的复杂性。
Burberry warned in October that sales had been dented by an “increasingly challenging environment for luxury, particularly Chinese customers”. 巴黎银行证券部分析师卢卡?索尔卡(Luca Solca)表示,中国市场“近期的表现对任何品牌而言都不怎么好,但Prada和博柏利(Burberry)在中国面临的压力似乎超过业内同行。”
Many of China’s wealthiest spenders have had their fill of the big names and are looking for something different, say analysts. Other, more price-conscious consumers, are buying online. Meanwhile, more Chinese citizens are travelling abroad, where they can see that prices are often 30 per cent cheaper abroad than at home. 今年10月,博柏利警告称,“越来越具挑战性的奢侈品环境,尤其是中国顾客”影响了该公司销量。
The devaluation of the renminbi in August reduced the price gap with Europe, though some luxury brands — notably Chanel — had already tried to address the problem by standardising prices on some of its bags worldwide. 分析师们表示,对很多中国富豪来说,该买的大品牌都买了,他们正在寻找不同的东西。对价格更敏感的其他消费者正在网上购物。与此同时,更多的中国公民到海外旅游,他们发现国外的价格往往比国内低出30%。
As Angelica Cheung, editor-in-chief of Vogue China, says: “The market has changed so much in the past 12 months, not only because of the economy but also because of technology and travel. The companies haven’t moved as quickly.” 8月的人民币贬值缩窄了与欧洲的价格差距,尽管一些奢侈品牌(特别是香奈儿)此前已试图通过对部分手袋实行全球统一价来解决这个问题。
But luxury companies will have to move fast because their expectations of cohorts of new spenders from an emerging middle class are too bullish, as highlighted by the Demand Institute. “Most Chinese citizens have a long way to go before entering the middle class,” it said. 正如《Vogue》中国版总编张宇(Angelica Cheung)所言:“过去12个月里,市场改变了很多,其原因不仅仅在于经济,还在于科技和旅游。相关企业未能跟上。”
Louise Keely, a co-author of its report, described as a “myth” the expectation of reaping benefits by opening luxury emporia in a host of smaller cities. 但奢侈品公司将必须快速拿出对策,因为他们对于不断壮大的中产阶层带来大批新顾客的预期过于乐观。正如“需求研究所”所指出的:“多数中国公民在跻身于中产阶层之前还有很长一段路要走。”
Luxury companies were attracted by the cheap rents on offer from local mayors anxious to boast a shiny new mall and by the big populations of even tertiary cities. But these consumers do not necessarily have the money for a Gucci or Louis Vuitton handbag.
As a result of this rapid expansion, China has more luxury stores than any other country in the world, outpacing the US by a wide margin, according to Bernstein Research, and nearing saturation. “需求研究所”报告作者之一路易丝?基莉(Louise Keely)表示,通过在大批中小城市开设奢侈品购物中心来获益的指望是一个“神话”。
“Quietly brands have stopped opening new stores,” says Torsten Stocker, Hong Kong-based partner at consulting group AT Kearney. 近几年,奢侈品公司被地方政府提供的廉价租金以及二三线城市的庞大人口数量所吸引;地方政府官员急于用崭新的光彩夺目的购物中心来炫耀自己的政绩。但那里的消费者不一定有钱购买Gucci或路易威登手袋。
LVMH, the world’s biggest luxury goods group by sales, has closed three Louis Vuitton shops in China, including the brand’s first outlet in the southern city of Guangzhou, following closures in Harbin and Urumqi. 这种快速扩张的结果是,中国的奢侈品门店数量超过全球其他任何国家,伯恩斯坦研究公司(Bernstein Research)的数据显示,其数量大大超过美国,并正在接近饱和。
Jean-Jacques Guiony, the French company’s finance director, had said last month that the group might close some shops in second-tier cities. “China, Hong Kong and Macau are suffering,” he said. Sales of luxury goods are expected to contract 25 per cent in Hong Kong this year, according to Bain. 咨询机构科尔尼(A.T. Kearney)驻香港合伙人唐仕敦(Torsten Stocker)表示:“一些大品牌正悄悄叫停开张新门店的计划。”
The UK’s Burberry and Coach of the US have scaled back in Hong Kong, where rents are rising but the number of Chinese visitors is falling. 全球销售额最大的奢侈品集团LVMH已关闭其在中国的3家路易威登门店,包括该品牌在南方城市广州的首家门店,以及哈尔滨和乌鲁木齐的门店。
Beneficiaries of this shift include North Face, an outdoor brand, and sports companies such as Nike and Adidas, reflecting a growing emphasis on healthier lifestyles. 今年10月,这家法国公司的财务总监让-雅克?盖恩伊(Jean-Jacques Guiony)表示,集团可能关闭其在中国二线城市的一些门店。他表示:“中国内地、香港和澳门正出现困境。”根据贝恩的数据,预计今年香港奢侈品销售额将收缩25%。
Some brands are going against the trend with new openings. Hermès, a relatively late entrant to the Chinese market, has expanded slowly, partly because of production constraints. It opened two new shops last year, making a total of 23, which is less than half the size of the network of Kering’s Gucci or Louis Vuitton. 英国的博柏利和美国的蔻驰(Coach)均缩减了香港的业务,在这里,租金在上涨,但中国内地游客数量却在减少。
As Christopher Bailey, Burberry chief executive, said last month: “The fundamentals of the luxury industry are changing. Growth in Chinese luxury spending is moderating.” 这种转变的受益者包括户外品牌North Face以及耐克(Nike)和阿迪达斯(Adidas)等运动品牌,这反映出人们越来越注重更健康的生活方式。
Those fundamentals include a newfound confidence among Chinese consumers that makes them less willing to accept what western luxury brands say they should buy. 一些品牌正逆势开店。进入中国市场相对较晚的爱马仕(Hermès)一直扩张缓慢,部分原因是产量限制。该品牌去年在中国新开两家门店,门店总量达到23家,不到开云集团(Kering)旗下的Gucci或路易威登门店数量的一半。
“There been a real shift over the past two years in consumer perception about what the right product to buy should be,” says Benjamin Cavender of China Market Research in Shanghai, who says that these consumers perceive big brands as catering to the nouveau riche. 正如博柏利首席执行官克里斯托弗?贝利(Christopher Bailey)在10月所说过的:“奢侈品行业的基本面因素正在变化。中国人的奢侈品支出增速正在放缓。”
“It used to be about making a safe big brand purchase to show off. That’s shifted towards making purchases depending on the individual’s interests and lifestyle,” he adds. 这些基本面因素包括中国消费者找到了新的自信,不再那么愿意接受西方奢侈品牌传递的有关他们该买什么的信息。
Consumers also want to differentiate themselves by spending money on experiences, such as travel, fine dining and the home, instead of buying another designer product, says Emmanuel Hemmerle, managing partner at Emmanuel Hemmerle, a leadership consultancy.
He adds that seven years ago, the Michelin-starred Jean Georges restaurant in Shanghai “had a clientele which was 80 per cent French; now it’s 80 per cent Chinese”. 位于上海的中国市场研究集团(China Market Research Group)的本杰明?卡文德尔(Benjamin Cavender)表示:“过去两年,消费者对于自己购买哪些产品才合适的观念真的发生了变化。”他表示,这些消费者认为大品牌迎合了暴发户的需求。
Consumers are also showing more of an interest in homegrown brands, he says, which could favour a nascent domestic luxury industry. “People are going back to their roots because of a pride and a security in their identity.” 他补充称:“过去,人们购买保险的大品牌产品是为了炫富。如今则转向根据个人兴趣和生活方式购买。”
Luxury goods companies are reacting to these changes. Coach, the US leather goods group, is reaping the benefits within China of being more affordable than many of its upscale competitors, but says that spending by Chinese tourists is also growing. 埃曼努埃尔?海默尔埃梅莱(Emmanuel Hemmerle)是以他自己的姓名命名的领导力咨询公司的管理合伙人。他表示,消费者还希望通过把钱花在体验方面(例如旅游、美食和家居)来体现自己的不同,而不是购买另一款设计师产品。
“The Chinese tourist is an increasingly large part of our business globally — notably in Japan and Europe. We are staffing into this trend, increasing the number of Mandarin speaking store associates in these geographies,” it says. 他补充称,7年前,上海的米其林(Michelin)三星餐厅Jean Georges “80%的客人是法国人;如今80%是中国人”。
The UK’s Burberry is focusing on digital marketing and shifting away from stores, cutting the number of retail staff in Hong Kong by 25 per cent. “In Hong Kong, we’re switching our investment from iconic out-of-home sites that target tourists, to emails, events and media more relevant to the local customer,” said Mr Bailey this month. 他表示,消费者还显示出更多的对本土品牌的兴趣,这可能有利于新兴的国内奢侈品行业。“出于对自身身份认同的自豪和安全感,人们正追本溯源。”
The upside of shutting underperforming stores, and focusing on the more dynamic locations, is that China could become a more profitable country for luxury companies. 奢侈品公司正对这些变化做出反应。美国皮革制品集团蔻驰在中国正因为产品价格较很多高端竞争对手更亲民而受益,但该集团表示,中国游客的支出也在增加。
Erwan Rambourg, luxury goods analyst at HSBC in Hong Kong, says: “Staff costs and rents remain reasonable relative to the rest of the world. We think profit margins will improve because the brands already have enough shops, so can rein in the capex for retail expansion that has weighed on profit margins.” 该集团表示:“中国游客对我们全球业务的贡献越来越大,特别是在日本和欧洲。我们正迎合这种趋势,在这些地区增加说普通话店员的数量。”
He says sales will recover but not overnight. It will take time for import taxes and consumption taxes to be lowered, which would reduce the gap between prices in China compared with other countries. 英国的博柏利正聚焦于数字营销并转向门店以外,将香港零售员工的数量减少25%。贝利最近表示:“在香港,我们正把投资从瞄准游客的标志性户外广告转向与当地顾客更相关的电邮、活动和媒体。”
There are some tantalising signs of improvement. Burberry said sales were picking up in China relative to its last quarter. Cartier-owner, Richemont said this month that growth had resumed in mainland China, lifted by retail sales through its own boutiques. 关闭业绩不佳的门店、专注于更具活力的经营地点的好处在于,对奢侈品集团而言,中国有望成为一个更加利润丰厚的市场。
Gary Saage, finance director of the Swiss group, last month told analysts that in Hong Kong “it’s getting a little less worse?.?.?.?but you know, I’m not going to be popping champagne on that”. 汇丰(HSBC)驻香港奢侈品分析师埃尔文?朗堡(Erwan Rambourg)表示:“相对于全球其他地区,中国的员工成本和租金仍相对合理。我们认为,利润率将改善,因为各品牌已经拥有足够多的门店,能够压缩资本支出,无需进行拖累利润率的零售扩张。”
Broadened horizons: Chinese spending overseas 他表示,销售额将复苏,但不会一蹴而就。降低进口税和消费税(这将缩窄中国与其他国家之间的价格差距)需要时间。
Chinese tourism has taken off spectacularly in recent years, even though only 6 per cent of the population has a passport. Almost 120m Chinese travelled abroad last year, more than double the number five years ago. 目前有一些令人心动的改善迹象。博柏利表示,在华销售额较上一季度出现起色。卡地亚(Cartier)所有者瑞士历峰集团(Richemont)上月表示,受专卖店零售销售的提振,中国业务已恢复增长。
These tourists are hugely important for the luxury goods industry because two-thirds of the ¢65bn of Chinese luxury spending last year took place outside China, some of it by middleman used by consumers to bypass the high taxes on luxury imports that make it cheaper to buy abroad. 这家瑞士集团的财务总监加里?萨吉(Gary Saage)在10月告诉分析师,在香港,“情况变得不那么糟糕了……但你们知道,我们不会为此开香槟庆祝”。
Wealthy travellers are tightening their purse strings, however. Per capita spending on shopping fell 8 per cent in 2014, year on year, according to FT Confidential Research, a Financial Times’ investment research service, because of the economic slowdown and the clampdown on gift-giving. 拓宽视角:中国人海外支出
Total spending increased, however, because the number of overseas trips grew 20 per cent. 近年中国旅游业的发展引人注目,即使全国仅有6%的人口持有护照。去年,赴海外旅游的中国游客达到近1.2亿人次,是5年前的两倍多。
Yet the traditional destinations of Hong Kong for shopping and Macau for gambling, are not reaping the benefits of this rise because increasingly Chinese tourists prefer to travel to new destinations. 这些游客对于奢侈品行业极其重要,因为中国人去年650亿欧元的奢侈品支出中,有三分之二发生在中国境外,其中一部分源自消费者利用中间人代购,绕过高额奢侈品进口税,后者使奢侈品在海外购买更便宜。
Hong Kong is also suffering from unfavourable exchange rates and the aftermath of last year’s political protests that have left many Chinese feeling unwelcome. 然而,富有的游客正收紧钱包。根据英国《金融时报》旗下的投资研究服务部门“投资参考”(FT Confidential Research)的数据,2014年,人均购物支出同比下降8%,原因是经济放缓和政府对礼品馈赠的打击。
South Korea and Japan are instead growing in popularity. A quarter of Chinese tourists chose South Korea for their first trip this year — double the number last year, according to FT Confidential. 不过,整体支出增加,因为海外旅行人次增长20%。
France tops the list of destinations, though it is too soon to say whether last week’s terrorist attacks will deter visitors. 然而。传统的购物目的地香港和赌博目的地澳门没有从中获利,因为越来越多的中国内地游客更青睐新的目的地。
The government in Beijing is trying to encourage shoppers to spend at home rather than abroad, through the development of domestic duty-free shopping zones, such as on Hainan island in the south. 香港还受到不利汇率以及去年让很多内地人感到不受欢迎的政治抗议余波的影响。
Erwan Rambourg, analyst at HSBC, says: “We think that luxury sales in China will recover, thanks to lowered taxes and more domestic duty free outlets that will make purchasing abroad less compelling.” 韩国和日本正越来越受欢迎。根据“投资参考”的数据,今年有四分之一的中国游客把韩国作为首个出境游目的地,是去年人数的两倍。
Scheherazade Daneshkhu in London, Ralph Atkins in Zurich, Adam Thomson in Paris, Rachel Sanderson in Milan, Patti Waldmeir in Shanghai, Lindsay Whipp in Chicago, Jamil Anderlini, Wan Li and Christian Shepherd in Beijing 法国列在中国出境游目的地名单的首位,现在就断言最近的恐怖主义袭击会不会吓退游客还为时尚早。
中国政府正努力发展国内的免税购物区,例如南方的海南岛,鼓励消费者在国内支出。
汇丰分析师埃尔文·朗堡表示:“我们认为,中国的奢侈品销售将复苏,因为税收下调以及国内更多的免税门店将让出国购物的吸引力下降。”
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下面读文网小编为大家带来英语阅读理解解题技巧,希望对大家能有所帮助!
此题要求学生就文章提供的数据,以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时:
1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。
2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息,那些属于干扰信息。
3.不要孤立看待数字信息,而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。
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下面读文网小编为大家带来金融英语情景对话,欢迎大家学习!
Robert Albert ,president of Albert Electronics ,is talking about inflation and general financial conditions with his banker ,Wilson Hall.
艾伯特电子公司总裁罗伯特·艾伯特正和他的银行职员威尔逊·霍尔在谈论通货膨胀和金融状况。
Albert:I'm really concerned about the general financial situation ,Mr.Hall.
艾伯特:霍尔先生,我对于目前金融价总的状况甚为关切。
We've been living with constantly rising prices for too long .
我们长期在物价不断上涨的情况下生活着,
You would think that the tight money policies that the government has been following would start having some effect .
你大概认为政府所实施的银根紧缩政策已经开始产生一些效果。
Hall:I think they're starting to work ,Mr.Albert .Interest rates have gone up substantially recently ,
霍 尔:我认为这些政策已经开始生效,艾伯特先生。近来利率已大幅度提高,
and the availability of credit has been sharply curtailed .
信贷的使用已大大削减。
Unfortunately ,however demand-pull inflation is not our only problem .
不幸的是,由需求而促成的通货膨胀并不是我们唯一的问题。
A;Yes ,the new problem seems to be cost-push inflation ,or what the economists sometimes call sellers'inflation .
艾伯特:是的,新的问题似乎是成本促成的通货膨胀,就是经济学家们有时称之为卖方通货膨胀。
H:Exactly .For example ,the rising costs of commodities and energy supplies over which we have no real control .
霍 尔:的确如此,譬如说,商品和能源的成本一直不断增加,对此我们没有得到真正的控制。
Fiscal and monetary policies can't do much to help us deal with this kind of inflation .
财政和货币政策对于我们解决这类性质的通货膨胀也是爱莫能助。
A:It must be very difficult for you as a banker to try to satisfy your customers during periods like this .
艾伯特:处于这样的时期,你作为一个银行家,要想尽力去满足你的顾客们的要求肯定是很困难的。
H:Indeed it is.Tight money policies make it necessary for us to turn down loan requests from many clients or to increase the downpayment requirements on mortgage and installment loans .
霍 尔:确实如此。银根紧缩政策使得我们必须拒绝许多客户的贷款要求,或者增加抵押货款和分期贷款的定金。
A:Well,let's hope we see an improvement soon.People on fixed incomes,particularly retired people,
艾伯特:我们指望着不久将看到情况有所好转。眼下,那些靠固定收入的人们,特别是那些退休的人,
must be having a terrible time making ends meet.
为维持生计一定会碰到不少困难。
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随着学习内容资源的不断丰富,大学英语四六级的阅读理解的出题类型也层出不穷,但是,无论如何改变题型抑或文章,答题思路还是万变不离其中的。
1、扫描题干,划出关键词。选项不要看,用时越短越好。
2、通读全文,抓住中心。
3、仔细审题,返回原文。关键:定位。
定位的三大原则:
(1)关键词定位原则:由题干出发,寻找题干中的关键词,首选大写字母、数字等,其次是表时间地点人物的词。
(2)自然段定位原则:出题顺序与文章段落顺序大体一致。
(3)出题点定位原则:答案一定蕴涵在有特殊标点符号、句式列举、强转折逻辑关系的地方。
4、重叠选项,斟酌答案。
(1)缩小范围的是答案。
(2)扩大范围的不是答案。
(3)原文和选项有交叉内容的不是答案。
(4)不相关的不能选。即,只要选项中有文章中未出现内容就错。注意,将文章中的每一个选项带回文章一一查对,不要凭印象猜测。
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有学生可能觉得,考研英语的复习在此阶段就该背背单词,有心的同学会开始细分真题进行长单句的训练,读文网小编提醒大家,考研阅读最考验我们的综合能力,哪怕是语感,因而基础阶段对阅读的训练及知识积累尤为重要,阅读A节占据的分值最大,也是最难的一部分,如下就重点介绍这部分的备考计划与方法。
在考研英语复习的第一阶段,考生一般的学习任务都是尽力从词汇拾起,然后结合词汇学习做些简单的阅读训练。而英语基础阅读理解进阶计划应该怎样安排呢?读文网小编给大家以下建议。
一、词汇语法深度练习
还是要再次提到词汇复习。因为想在阅读上有稳步提高,前提条件就是要有一定牢固的词汇量。其实,我们经过统计之后发现,除去中学词汇和考试大纲 词汇表中从来没有被考查过的词汇后,考研词汇就剩下了近两千个常考高频词了。阅读理解晋级的关键就是要熟练掌握这两千来个高频词汇。
除了词汇,还要把语法学习深入化。据历年考研英语试卷规律来看,考研中密集考查的语法固定的有6种,他们是:定语从句;状语从句;定语后置;插 入语;分词结构;并列句。这6种语法表面上看很是简单,其实不然,大家需要把这6个问题研究深了才行。考生应该结合语句进行训练,在训练中深度掌握语法规 律。这对于翻译阅读中的长难句很有帮助。
二、加强阅读训练计划
训练就要找来一定数量的文章进行阅读。但是要注意,找“阅读”是有一定的讲究的。同学们应该在完成上面的词汇和语法之后再进行这个阶段。
那么,应该搜集哪些文章进行训练呢?最好不过的就是真题了。因为历年真题的阅读的文章不但出处相同,而且语言风格和难度是一致的,所以读这样的 文章是最接近本年度考研试题的,当我们习惯了这样的语言风格和难度系数,到考场上的发挥自然就流畅了。也就是说,阅读文章的难度一定要把握好。如果说第一 阶段的复习计划中,选择的阅读都是在4级难度附近的,那么该阶段的阅读训练就要增强难度系数了。
再谈一谈翻译长难句的问题。因为这是同学们在日常复习中经常遇到的问题。在本阶段复习中,你可以尝试翻译历年真题中阅读理解文章,这样即联系的 写作而且还准确的精读了真题文章,这个精读的过程是所有想在考试中取得高分的人必须经过的。也许前期比较痛苦,但是可以肯定的是翻译完20篇后你会感觉所 有的考研文章就像是你平时看中文那样的简单了。因为翻译的过程就是分解句子的过程,当你习惯了这样的思维方式的时候,看到任何句子就会潜意识的去分析它, 久而久之,看长难句就容易了,这个过程是需要时间的沉淀的,不可操之过急。
三、真题解读
真题的作用除了训练各部分解题能力以外,更重要一点是专项剖析各种题型解题思路。最好的方法是把过去的真题(至少10年)进行分类,把历年的阅 读放在一起组成阅读专题,完型也放在一起组成完型专题,写作、翻译等也是一样的做法。然后按专题的研究,从中寻觅命题者的命题思路,再从命题者的思路中去 寻找化解的思路。最后,再让各种题型的规律特点的经验总结,结合大量的习题训练,做到熟能生巧的程度。在这个过程中,无论是阅读能力还是其他考查部分的做 题套路,你都会有所长进
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下面是读文网小编为大家带来金融英语阅读:东京获评最贵移民城市,欢迎大家阅读!
Tokyo has regained the unenviable title of theworld's most expensive city for expatriates, while theeurozone crisis has made many European cities cheaper,according to a survey published on Tuesday.
At the other end of the scale, the survey by theMercer group named the Pakistani port Karachi as theleast expensive city, with living costs around three timescheaper than in the Japanese capital.
The report, published annually to help companiesassess compensation allowances for expatriateworkers, compared the cost of over 200 items in 214 cities, using New York as a reference. The itemson the list included housing, food and transport.
Tokyo pushed the oil-boom Angolan capital Luanda into second place to retake the top spot inthe survey. Another Japanese city, Osaka, came third, the Russian capital Moscow in fourth, andGeneva fifth.
Cities in the eurozone slid in the rankings as the euro has slid against the US dollar during thedebt crisis. Paris dropped 10 spots to 37th, Rome fell eight to 42nd, and Athens tumbled 24 to 77th.
London slipped from 18th in the table one year ago down to 25th place.
Six Australian major cities are among the top 30 because of a stronger Australian dollar,according to Mercer.
The survey showed that the six cities had all experienced further jumps up the global list since2011, with Sydney ranked 11th and Melbourne 15th, whereas Perth and Canberra both jumped 11places to numbers 19 and 23.
Brisbane rose by seven places to take 24th position while Adelaide moved up 19 places to 27th.
Australia now has three surveyed cities in the top 20 and all six surveyed cities in the top 30,Mercer said.
Sydney has become the most expensive Australian city for expatriates.
"Demand for rental properties has also increased significantly in all the Australian cities we rank,"Mercer principal Nathalie Constantin-Metral said in a statement.
"Coupled with very limited availability, the result has been very tight markets and increasedprices."
Shanghai climbed five places to 16th and Beijing moved up three places to 17th, overtakingSeoul.
Shenzhen rose by 13 places to 30th while Guangzhou was up seven places to 31st.
周二发布的一项调查显示,东京又重新荣获全球最贵移民城市的称号,而欧元区危机让许多欧洲城市的生活花费都降低了。
在排行榜的另一端,美世集团开展的这一调查将巴基斯坦海港城市卡拉奇评为生活花费最低廉的城市,该城市的生活成本大约比日本首都东京低三倍。
这一年度调查报告旨在帮助公司估算给驻外员工的补贴数额。该调查以纽约的生活花费为参照,比较了214个城市的200多项条目,包括住房、饮食和交通。
调查报告中,东京将盛产石油的安哥拉首都罗安达挤到了第二位,重新抢占冠军位置。另一个日本城市大阪位居第三,俄罗斯首都莫斯科排在第四位,日内瓦排在第五位。
由于欧债危机中欧元对美元贬值,欧元区城市的排名有所下滑。巴黎降了10位,排名第37,罗马降了8位,排在第42位,雅典排名大幅下滑,降了24位,排名第77。
伦敦从一年前排行榜中的第18位降到了第25位。
根据美世集团的调查,澳大利亚的6个主要城市都跻身前30名,因为澳元走强。
该调查显示,自2011年以来,这6个城市在这一全球排行榜上的名次都上升了。悉尼位居第11名,墨尔本第15名,珀斯和堪培拉都上升了11位,分列第19名和第23名。
布里斯班上升了7位,位居第24名,阿德莱德上升了19位,排在第27名。
美世集团称,澳大利亚现在有3个被调查城市进入了前20名,而且被调查的6个城市都进入了前30名。
悉尼已成为最昂贵的澳大利亚移民城市。
美世集团的总裁娜萨莉?康斯坦丁-梅特拉尔在一份声明中说:“在所有入榜的澳大利亚城市中,租房需求也大大提高了。”
“再加上可供给量十分有限,其结果就是市场供不应求,价格上涨。”
首尔排名被上海和北京赶超。上海上升了5位,排名第16,北京上升了3位,排在第17名。
深圳上升了13位,排在第30名,广州上升了7位,排在第31名。
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下面读文网小编为大家带来金融英语双语阅读,希望大家喜欢!
The most traditional form of bank financing is bank deposits, both at call and fixed deposits. However with the steady decrease of the deposit rates, the incentive for investors to leave money sitting in the bank has decreased, even more so now that depositors have to pay 20% tax on any interest earned. For a bank, deposits are the least expensive of all funding sources. One of the biggest problems facing banks is that they tend to do the majority of their lending through housing loans, which is generally for terms between 15 to 30 years. Deposits on the other hand are for terms ranging from 1 month to 5 years. If the bank were to provide a borrower with a 20 year housing loan of 1 million RMB, the bank would need to find a customer or a number of customers to commit to a total fixed deposit of 1 million RMB for 5 years. Note that investors would be unwilling to do this when interest rates are volatile or when inflation is high. After the end of the 5 years, they would need to find investors that are willing to do this another 3 times in order to ensure that the housing loan is fully funded. This results in funding risk to the bank. The liability management department in the bank looks after this risk.
银行筹资最传统的形式是银行存款,包括活期存款和定期存款。然而,随着存款利率的稳步下降,投资商将钱存在银行的热情已开始减退,并且现在投资商还必须为其任何所得利润支付20%的税。对于银行来说,存款是所有资金来源中最划算的。银行面临的最大问题之一在于倾向于将大部分贷款用于住房贷款上,通常期限为15到30年。另一方面,存款期限则为1个月到5年。假如银行向一借款人提供100万人民币贷款,为期20年,那么银行就必须找到一个或若干个客户来支付一笔总数为100万人民币、为期5年的定期存款。请注意,投资商在利率不稳定或通货膨胀严重时就不会这样做了。5年到期后,他们还必须找到愿意再做3次的投资商,以确保住房贷款资金能够完全到位。这会给银行带来资金筹措风险。银行的负债管理部门会监督该风险。
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大家在做四六级阅读的时候肯定深有感触,整套题做下来像是一场幻觉,稀里糊涂的就做完了,几乎都是凭感觉做完的,没有凭据,即使做对了心里也没 底,所以每次考完试就是听天由命的感觉,祈祷着这次能幸运些多蒙对几个。考研英语阅读难度远远在四级六级考试之上,如果在复习中没有一定的规划,没有采用 科学的复习方法,以及不及时的掌握一套科学的做题发法,真正到考试的时候很难取得理想的成绩。
对于英语来说,发散型思维却很危险,因为它考察的知识点和考察方式都很“精准”,尤其是在占得分比重最高的阅读 理解部分。要提醒2016考研的小伙伴们,做阅读理解切忌“脑洞大开”哦!
答案都在文中
总结英语阅读理解的考题题型不难发现,大部分考察的都是细节,即对文中某一段、某一句话、甚至某一个单词和短语的理解,同时也考主旨,即对整篇 文章主旨大意的理解。不管是哪种考察方式,都讲究一个“准”字,也就是说,所谓的理解,都是建立在忠实于原文的基础之上的,既不会很浅显,也不会过分延 伸。要想理解的精准,就必须要回到原文,答案都在文章中。正确的答案虽然不是照搬原文,但也一般是原文的另一种表达方式,不会有很大的偏差或延伸。因此, 做阅读理解过程中,一定不要“脑洞大开”,天马行空地想当然,任性地做出主观臆断,老老实实回到文章中去找答案才是正解。
带着问题读文章
由于考场上时间有限,而阅读又是一项需要深耕细作的精细活儿,要想正确快速地理解文章,有时需要一些技巧。建议2016考研的小伙伴,做阅读理 解之前先把问题快速浏览一遍,这样能对文章要讲的内容大致有了一个了解,同时又知道了问题是在问什么,然后带着这些问题去读文章,在阅读到考点所在的部位 时,就能快速敏感地做出应答。不仅答题速度能提升,准确率也有保证。
巧用定位法
有时我们需要借助一些方法来快速精准地在原文中找到考察点。一般来说,一篇文章中,考点的分布是有规律可循的。比如说,考点和题目对应的顺序一 般是一致的,比如第一题的考点出现在了第二段,那么第二题的考点出现的第一段的可能性就不太大,往往是在第二段之后。当然,主旨考察题例外,它需要你读完 文章有一个整体的把握。又比如,如果题目中出现了一些比较显眼的名词或数字,寻找这些名词或数字,你也能很快在文中找到相对应的考点。再比如,文章的开 头、结尾、段落转折处、举例说明处,都是比较容易出考点的地方,阅读时可以特别留意一下。
总之,英语阅读理解是考研英语的重中之重,在做题时保持一份冷静稳重,在忠于原文的基础上做出准确理解,是抓分的不二法宝。
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大学英语四六级考试中,学生阅读理解存在着若干问题,体现在英语语言基本功和英语阅读技巧上.不懈强化此两方面是提高英语阅读理解水平的一大关键.
四六级考试时,很多考生都会觉得时间紧迫,一不小心就答不完题,这其中很大一部分原因是在我们自身的,比如,有些考生在阅读时喜欢逐字逐句的翻译,这样虽然准确度较高,但是会浪费大量时间,最终导致考生得不偿失;还有一些考生在阅读时碰到一时不理解的句子就容易反复琢磨,重复阅读,其实这样并没有必要,一句话理解不清楚不会影响我们对整个文章的理解,做阅读只要抓住文章主要内容和每一题对应的文中关键句的含义就足够了。
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阅读一直是英语四六级的一大难题,题量大,问题多,不少童鞋就栽在了阅读上面,因为短时间,读不完或看不懂。所以说,培养阅读能力要从日常开始,下面,我们看看,日常该如何备考四级阅读呢?
英语四六级考查词汇不是像高考一样直接出现词汇或语法的单项选择题,而是把词汇放到阅读理解当中去考查,这样一来,考查的难度就增加了,考生单认识这个单词还不足以理解整篇文章。英语四六级考试的大纲词汇数量还是比较多的,考生如果没有完全掌握这些大纲词汇,那么考试的时候在阅读部分势必要感到很吃力,但是,通常考生把大纲词汇过滤一遍以后心里都会有一个大概的印象,可是考试的时候再遇到这些单词,按它们常用的词义来翻译似乎又是解释不通的,之所以会这样是因为许多常用词在特定文章语境中使用的可能是我们并不常见的含义,如果考生在复习词汇时没有注意这些不常用含义,在考试时遇到了就很容易造成理解错误而选错答案。
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