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下面读文网小编为大家带来金融英语双语阅读,欢迎大家学习!
A company is an organization which operates a business in one of these forms: A business which is owned by a single individual who is entitled to all of the profits
and assumes all liabilities of the business is called a sole proprietorship. When two or more parties share the profits and liabilities of a company it is called a
partnership. Partnerships usually are "limited partnerships" in which a managing partner runs the day-to-
day business while the limited partners are not involved in management decisions and enjoy limited liability. Sole proprietorships and partnerships usually
adopt a company name known as a DBA or "doing business as" that company name. As business grows, the principals might want to apply for a corporate charter.
The corporation formed in this process is considered to be a separate individual by law and usually provides certain tax relief, expense deductions, and liability
protection to the principals involved. Corporations may be privately or publicly owned.
公司是经营某项业务的组织,它有两种形式:一种是个人所有,这个人拥有全部资产并承担所有债务。如果有两个或更多的团体共同分享公司的利润并承担义务,这样的公司被称作合伙。合伙企业通常是"有限合伙",也就是合伙人执行每天的经营不参与管理决策并承担有限义务。独资和合伙企业通常使用所有人之外的名称作为公司的名字。随着业务发展,公司负责人就会申请一个公司章程。在制定公司章程的过程中,公司被看作是独立的法人,负责人通常会有一些税务减免,费用削减和债务保护。公司可以是私有制或共有制。
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下面读文网小编为大家带来金融英语银行双语阅读,欢迎大家学习!
The Commercial Banking System Today in the United States
Several of the characteristics of American banking just discussed carry over into today's commercial banking system. Prominent among these is the dual-chartering system; that is, we continue to have commercial bank charters issued at two different levels of government. National banks receive their charters from the Comptroller of Currency~. Any national bank must have somewhere in its corporate title the word "national". Thus, for example, "Wells Fargo Bank, National Association" indicates that this bank has a federal charter. All national banks must be members of the Federal Reserve System.
Most banks, however, receive their charters from the appropriate agency of their respective state. They are under the supervision of their state's banking authority. However, state-chartered commercial banks may elect to become members of the Federal Reserve System, but this not mandatory for them as it is for national banks. If state-chartered banks~ elect membership in the Federal Reserve System, they come under the supervision of two banking authorities, state and national.
Thus, the American commercial banking system is comprised of two types of banks: the member banks of the Federal Reserve System which are national banks and those state-chartered banks electing membership; and nonmember state-chartered banks. Today' s banking system in the United States is comprised of more than 14,000 individual banks. Of this number, well under 50 percent are member banks of the Federal Reserve System——only 5,788 commercial banks out of a total of 14,633, or roughly 40 percent. These member banks, however, commanded the largest share of commercial banks resources, about three-fourths as of June 30, 1976. They held over three-fourths of deposits subject to check, $202,144 million as of the same date, which represented some 67 percent of our total money supply.
Although the national banks did~ continue a considerable advance in American commercial banking development, they also brought with them disadvantages. Their improvements included the establishment of a safe, uniform currency and a reduction in the number of commercial bank failures through strengthening due to more conservative standards of regulation and examination. There also developed a measure of correspondent banking relations through the provision for regarding, deposits in reserve city and central reserve city banks as reserves. But this last feature also was the System's greatest weakness. The National Bank System provided for the concentration go existing reserves into the city banks, but no provision was made for the creation of new reserves when necessary.
In our discussion, these two characteristics of present-day commercial banks will be in the forefront of much of our analysis: First, commercial banks create deposit liabilities against themselves, instead of note issue as the early banks did; and second, commercial banks today hold a wide variety of earning assets, not just short-term, self-liquidating loans~. One thing, however, continues to be just as true today as it was in the days of the banker: creation of money occurs when two opposite transactions take place simultaneously between the commercial bank and the customer~ The commercial bank increases its debt to the customer, and the customer puts himself into debt to the bank by the same amount. This simultaneous exchange of liabilities is significant because one of the debts created——the demand deposit liability——is money while the other-the loan——earns income for the bank.
From Money and Banking
NOTES
1.dual chartering system 双轨(银行)注册制,指商业银行既可以在联邦注册,也可在各州注册。这一制度为美国所特有。
2.National banks 国民银行,在美国指在联邦注册的商业银行。
3.ComptrollerofCurrency壬塑生生里宣(隶属于财政部),是美国金融监管职能部门之一,与美联储共同承担金融业的监管职能。
4.Federal Reserve System 联邦储备体系,即美国的中央银行(体系),通常可简称为美联储。
5.state-chartered banks 在州注册的商业银行,通常称为州立银行。
6.moneysupply 货币供应,包括货币供应量和货币供给行为两方面内容,是指银行系统通过其资金运用向社会注入货币的数量以及相应的行为过程。
7.Although the national banks did …did在此处表示强调,可译为“确实”。
8.correspondent banking 代理行业务,指某一银行委托其它银行代为办理某些业务的关系。
9.note issue 指中央银行制度建立之前,各商业银行自己发行银行券的业务活动。
10.self-liquidating loans 自我清偿贷款,指商业银行向有物资保证且清偿力较高的企业发放的短期贷款。
参考资料:
美国的银行体系
自1782年美国第一家银行——北美银行(Bank.fNorthAmerica)成立以来,美国金融业经过长达200多年的发展,目前已形成了一个以商业银行为主,包括中央银行、储蓄机构、投资银行和政府专业性银行在内的庞大体系。
一、美国的联邦储备体系(Federal Reserve System)
联邦储备体系,即美国的中央银行。它是根据1913年12月23日美国总统威尔逊签署的联邦储备法而建.立起来的,简称联储(FED)。
联储的组成包括以下几部分:(1)联邦储备银行。联邦储备银行共有12家,分别设在波士顿、纽约、费城、克利夫兰、里土满、亚特兰大、芝加哥、圣·路易斯、明尼阿波利斯、堪萨斯、达拉斯和旧金山。它们在各自负责的地区执行中央银行的职能。除以上12家联邦储备银行外,凡根据联邦法律在联邦注册成立的国民银行都必须参加联邦储备体系,成为成员银行。其他根据各州法律在州政府注册成立的银行,如符合条件并愿意参加联邦储备体系的,则可自愿申请加入。(2)联邦储备委员会。联邦储备委员会(FRB)设在首都华盛顿,由7名理事组成,负责管理整个联邦储备体系。理事会成员和主席均由总统任命。该委员会负责制定有关法律规则并监督其实施,制定和审查批准储备金要求、存款最高利率及贴现率等。(3)联邦公开市场委员会。联邦公开市场委员会负责制定联储的短期货币政策,由12名成员组成,包括联储委员会理事及部分联储银行行长。该委员会所制定的货币政策通过设在纽约联储银行的公开市场桌(Open Market Desk),在一个称之为“公开市场帐户”的特殊帐户买卖美国政府和联邦机构的债券及承兑银行票据来实现。(4)联邦咨询委员会。联邦咨询委员会由每个联邦储备区选派一名成员组成,是一个政策咨询和建议机构。
美国联邦储备体系的特点在于:(1)联储体系不是由联邦政府控制,而是由12个地区联储银行和联储委员会共同执行中央银行职能。(2)联储体系由成员银行共同拥有,而不是由联邦政府所有,其性质是私有的,具有很强的独立性,在制定和执行货币政策时不需要得到政府和国会的批准。
二、美国的商业银行体系
商业银行是美国银行体系的中坚力量。多年来,美国的商业银行体系形成了其独特的形式,主要有以下几方面特点: .
1.双轨银行制度
按对商业银行的管血体制划分,美国的商业银行可分为在联邦政府注册的国民银行和在州政府注册的州立银行两种,这就是美国独特的双轨银行制度。国民银行必须是联邦储备体系的成员银行,受财政部货币总监、联储和联邦存款保险公司的监督管理。州银行则不一定要参加联储及联邦存款保险公司。
长期以来,美国的商业银行总数一直保持在1万家以上。其中国民银行占50%左右。但国民银行中有许多是实力雄厚的大银行,如花旗银行(City Bank)、大通银行(Chase Manhattan Bank)、美洲银行(Bank of American)等等。这些银行也是美国主要的国际性大银行。
2.单一银行制度
单一银行制度是在三十年代世界性经济危机后在美国实行的,其目的是为了保证银行经营的安全性。单一银行制度的内容是不允许银行跨州设立分支机构,同时商业银行也不能经营投资银行业务。因此美国商业银行的经营无论是在地域范围还是业务范围上都受到很大限制。
80年代以来,金融自由化的浪潮遍及全球,美国的单一银行制度也受到了很大冲击,商业银行纷纷要求放松这方面的限制以适应日趋激烈'的竞争,有关法律已有所松动,美国商业银行的经营的自由度正在逐步扩大。
3.联邦存款保险公司
美国的联邦存款保险公司是根据1933年的银行法令建立起来的。根据有关法律规定,各银行要向联邦存款保险公司缴纳保险基金,而联邦存款保险公司有责任在投保银行倒闭时保证存款人的财产不致受到损失。此外,该公司还拥有检查监督的权力,成为会员银行的后盾。
三、其他金融机构
除商业银行外,美国还有其他一些金融机构,主要有以下几类:
1.储蓄机构。储蓄机构不是银行,但是能够向商业银行一样吸收存款,并把它作为主要资金来源。储蓄机构的资金原来主要投资于消费领域,但自80年代以来,大量转向其他领域。
储蓄机构主要可分为三类:(1)储贷机构。储贷机构是在联邦或州注册的金融机构,按照法律规定,这些机构的贷款必须大部分用于住房抵押贷款,其管理机构为联邦住宅贷款银行董事会和联邦储蓄和贷款保险公司。储贷机构又可分为合作社和股份公司两种形式。(2)互助储蓄银行。互助储蓄银行是由存款者所拥有的合作存款金融机构。其管理由一个受托人委员会(理事会)任命的管理人员负责。互助储蓄银行的资产主要投放于抵押贷款和抵押贷款证券上,也有相当比重投放于政府证券、公司债券和其他贷款上。(3)信用社。信用社为非盈利性酌合作金融机构,为会员提供个人贷款等银行服务。信用社由会员选出董事会,其他管理人员则由董事会任命。信用社成员必须由有一定联系的人员(如同一公司工作的员工)组成。
2.投资机构。美国的投资机构主要包括以下几类:(1)投资银行公司。美国的投资银行业十分发达,有许多世界著名的投资公司,如美林公司、摩根·斯坦利公司、所罗门兄弟公司等。投资银行公司的基本业务有四类:承购包瘸薪发行证券;经纪和交易;资金管理;其他收费业务。(2)证券经纪与交易公司。这些公司的资产以短期存款和证券、证券信贷(向客户提供购买证券的信贷)和公司股票为主。这些公司又可分为经纪公司和交易公司两种类型。(3)货币市场合作基金,也称货币市场基金,是一种合作基金形式的投资公司,其股票不在市场挂牌,在证券与交易委员会注册。(4)其他投资公司,包括固定信托投资公司、封闭式基金和小企业开发公司等。
3.保险公司。保险公司服务的基本作用是在计划和活动方面给企业和个人提供更高的确定性。为了提供保险,保险公司要持有大量资产。这些资产的持有和现金的流人与流出使保险公司能够起到把资金从一个部门转移到另一个部门的作用,因此也属于金融机构的范畴。保险公司按照业务性质可分为人寿保险公司和财产保险公司两类;按照组织形式又可分为股份公司和合作公司。
除此以外,美国的金融机构还包括财务公司、抵押贷款公司、房地产投资信托公司、金融服务公司等,这些金融机构在美国的金融体系中同样发挥着重要作用。
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下面是读文网小编为大家带来金融英语阅读:China’s wealthy no longer putting on Ritz,欢迎大家阅读!
On a quiet afternoon this week, one female shopper was browsing through pricey handbags in Beijing’s largely empty Shin Kong luxury mall. 最近一个静静的午后,一位女顾客在空荡荡的北京新光天地豪华购物中心浏览高价手袋。
“I buy all sorts of brands — Louis Vuitton, Chanel, Prada, Gucci,” said the financial consultant. “Now the price of luxury products in China is much better than before but mostly, I buy them when I go abroad every year.” “我买各种品牌,路易威登(LV)、香奈儿(Chanel)、Prada、Gucci,”这位财务顾问说道,“现在国内奢侈品的价格比过去便宜多了,但我大多是在每年去国外时购买。”
She may be willing to splash out on big brand names at home and abroad, but Chinese shoppers like her are becoming scarcer. The effects of a government crackdown on expensive gift-giving and the deceleration in the economy are being compounded by changing consumer tastes. 她可能愿意拿出大笔钱在国内外购买大牌奢侈品,但像她这样的中国消费者正变得更加难找。政府对赠送昂贵礼品的打击以及经济增速放缓的影响,正与消费者品味改变交织在一起。
Luxury companies are also suffering from heady expansion based on what a report this week, from US think-tank the Demand Institute and its parent institution, the Conference Board, described as “overly optimistic growth and consumption projections” that have “misled foreign investors”. 奢侈品公司还尝到迅猛扩张的苦果,美国智库"需求研究所"(Demand Institute)及其上级机构“世界大型企业联合会”(Conference Board)最近的一份报告称,这种扩张基于“误导外国投资者”的“过于乐观的增长和消费预测”。
Luxury spending in mainland China fell last year for the first time, according to Bain & Co, to roughly ¢15bn. The consultancy expects it to contract a further 2 per cent at constant currency rates, steeper than last year’s 1 per cent decline. 根据贝恩(Bain & Co)的数据,去年,中国内地奢侈品支出首次下滑,为150亿欧元左右。该咨询公司预测,按不变汇率计算,今年将进一步下滑2%,降幅大于去年的1%。
That is a sharp reversal of a decade of remarkable growth, when Chinese luxury spending, at home and abroad, leapt tenfold — from 3 per cent of global luxury spending in 2004 to 30 per cent last year, according to Exane BNP Paribas.
Without its main motor for growth, it is no longer a life of luxury for the world’s ¢250bn industry, which is having to work harder to adjust to the complexities of a more mature and fragmenting market. 那是对10年大幅增长的急剧逆转。根据法国巴黎银行证券部(Exane BNP Paribas)的数据,过去10年中国人在国内外的奢侈品支出跃增10倍,从2004年占全球奢侈品支出3%,升至去年的30%。
Luca Solca, analyst at Exane BNP Paribas, says the Chinese market “hasn’t been great for anyone recently, but Prada and Burberry seem to be under greater pressure from China than their peers”. 没有了主要增长推动力,2500亿欧元的全球奢侈品行业日子不再好过,该行业不得不加倍努力,以适应一个更成熟更分化的市场的复杂性。
Burberry warned in October that sales had been dented by an “increasingly challenging environment for luxury, particularly Chinese customers”. 巴黎银行证券部分析师卢卡?索尔卡(Luca Solca)表示,中国市场“近期的表现对任何品牌而言都不怎么好,但Prada和博柏利(Burberry)在中国面临的压力似乎超过业内同行。”
Many of China’s wealthiest spenders have had their fill of the big names and are looking for something different, say analysts. Other, more price-conscious consumers, are buying online. Meanwhile, more Chinese citizens are travelling abroad, where they can see that prices are often 30 per cent cheaper abroad than at home. 今年10月,博柏利警告称,“越来越具挑战性的奢侈品环境,尤其是中国顾客”影响了该公司销量。
The devaluation of the renminbi in August reduced the price gap with Europe, though some luxury brands — notably Chanel — had already tried to address the problem by standardising prices on some of its bags worldwide. 分析师们表示,对很多中国富豪来说,该买的大品牌都买了,他们正在寻找不同的东西。对价格更敏感的其他消费者正在网上购物。与此同时,更多的中国公民到海外旅游,他们发现国外的价格往往比国内低出30%。
As Angelica Cheung, editor-in-chief of Vogue China, says: “The market has changed so much in the past 12 months, not only because of the economy but also because of technology and travel. The companies haven’t moved as quickly.” 8月的人民币贬值缩窄了与欧洲的价格差距,尽管一些奢侈品牌(特别是香奈儿)此前已试图通过对部分手袋实行全球统一价来解决这个问题。
But luxury companies will have to move fast because their expectations of cohorts of new spenders from an emerging middle class are too bullish, as highlighted by the Demand Institute. “Most Chinese citizens have a long way to go before entering the middle class,” it said. 正如《Vogue》中国版总编张宇(Angelica Cheung)所言:“过去12个月里,市场改变了很多,其原因不仅仅在于经济,还在于科技和旅游。相关企业未能跟上。”
Louise Keely, a co-author of its report, described as a “myth” the expectation of reaping benefits by opening luxury emporia in a host of smaller cities. 但奢侈品公司将必须快速拿出对策,因为他们对于不断壮大的中产阶层带来大批新顾客的预期过于乐观。正如“需求研究所”所指出的:“多数中国公民在跻身于中产阶层之前还有很长一段路要走。”
Luxury companies were attracted by the cheap rents on offer from local mayors anxious to boast a shiny new mall and by the big populations of even tertiary cities. But these consumers do not necessarily have the money for a Gucci or Louis Vuitton handbag.
As a result of this rapid expansion, China has more luxury stores than any other country in the world, outpacing the US by a wide margin, according to Bernstein Research, and nearing saturation. “需求研究所”报告作者之一路易丝?基莉(Louise Keely)表示,通过在大批中小城市开设奢侈品购物中心来获益的指望是一个“神话”。
“Quietly brands have stopped opening new stores,” says Torsten Stocker, Hong Kong-based partner at consulting group AT Kearney. 近几年,奢侈品公司被地方政府提供的廉价租金以及二三线城市的庞大人口数量所吸引;地方政府官员急于用崭新的光彩夺目的购物中心来炫耀自己的政绩。但那里的消费者不一定有钱购买Gucci或路易威登手袋。
LVMH, the world’s biggest luxury goods group by sales, has closed three Louis Vuitton shops in China, including the brand’s first outlet in the southern city of Guangzhou, following closures in Harbin and Urumqi. 这种快速扩张的结果是,中国的奢侈品门店数量超过全球其他任何国家,伯恩斯坦研究公司(Bernstein Research)的数据显示,其数量大大超过美国,并正在接近饱和。
Jean-Jacques Guiony, the French company’s finance director, had said last month that the group might close some shops in second-tier cities. “China, Hong Kong and Macau are suffering,” he said. Sales of luxury goods are expected to contract 25 per cent in Hong Kong this year, according to Bain. 咨询机构科尔尼(A.T. Kearney)驻香港合伙人唐仕敦(Torsten Stocker)表示:“一些大品牌正悄悄叫停开张新门店的计划。”
The UK’s Burberry and Coach of the US have scaled back in Hong Kong, where rents are rising but the number of Chinese visitors is falling. 全球销售额最大的奢侈品集团LVMH已关闭其在中国的3家路易威登门店,包括该品牌在南方城市广州的首家门店,以及哈尔滨和乌鲁木齐的门店。
Beneficiaries of this shift include North Face, an outdoor brand, and sports companies such as Nike and Adidas, reflecting a growing emphasis on healthier lifestyles. 今年10月,这家法国公司的财务总监让-雅克?盖恩伊(Jean-Jacques Guiony)表示,集团可能关闭其在中国二线城市的一些门店。他表示:“中国内地、香港和澳门正出现困境。”根据贝恩的数据,预计今年香港奢侈品销售额将收缩25%。
Some brands are going against the trend with new openings. Hermès, a relatively late entrant to the Chinese market, has expanded slowly, partly because of production constraints. It opened two new shops last year, making a total of 23, which is less than half the size of the network of Kering’s Gucci or Louis Vuitton. 英国的博柏利和美国的蔻驰(Coach)均缩减了香港的业务,在这里,租金在上涨,但中国内地游客数量却在减少。
As Christopher Bailey, Burberry chief executive, said last month: “The fundamentals of the luxury industry are changing. Growth in Chinese luxury spending is moderating.” 这种转变的受益者包括户外品牌North Face以及耐克(Nike)和阿迪达斯(Adidas)等运动品牌,这反映出人们越来越注重更健康的生活方式。
Those fundamentals include a newfound confidence among Chinese consumers that makes them less willing to accept what western luxury brands say they should buy. 一些品牌正逆势开店。进入中国市场相对较晚的爱马仕(Hermès)一直扩张缓慢,部分原因是产量限制。该品牌去年在中国新开两家门店,门店总量达到23家,不到开云集团(Kering)旗下的Gucci或路易威登门店数量的一半。
“There been a real shift over the past two years in consumer perception about what the right product to buy should be,” says Benjamin Cavender of China Market Research in Shanghai, who says that these consumers perceive big brands as catering to the nouveau riche. 正如博柏利首席执行官克里斯托弗?贝利(Christopher Bailey)在10月所说过的:“奢侈品行业的基本面因素正在变化。中国人的奢侈品支出增速正在放缓。”
“It used to be about making a safe big brand purchase to show off. That’s shifted towards making purchases depending on the individual’s interests and lifestyle,” he adds. 这些基本面因素包括中国消费者找到了新的自信,不再那么愿意接受西方奢侈品牌传递的有关他们该买什么的信息。
Consumers also want to differentiate themselves by spending money on experiences, such as travel, fine dining and the home, instead of buying another designer product, says Emmanuel Hemmerle, managing partner at Emmanuel Hemmerle, a leadership consultancy.
He adds that seven years ago, the Michelin-starred Jean Georges restaurant in Shanghai “had a clientele which was 80 per cent French; now it’s 80 per cent Chinese”. 位于上海的中国市场研究集团(China Market Research Group)的本杰明?卡文德尔(Benjamin Cavender)表示:“过去两年,消费者对于自己购买哪些产品才合适的观念真的发生了变化。”他表示,这些消费者认为大品牌迎合了暴发户的需求。
Consumers are also showing more of an interest in homegrown brands, he says, which could favour a nascent domestic luxury industry. “People are going back to their roots because of a pride and a security in their identity.” 他补充称:“过去,人们购买保险的大品牌产品是为了炫富。如今则转向根据个人兴趣和生活方式购买。”
Luxury goods companies are reacting to these changes. Coach, the US leather goods group, is reaping the benefits within China of being more affordable than many of its upscale competitors, but says that spending by Chinese tourists is also growing. 埃曼努埃尔?海默尔埃梅莱(Emmanuel Hemmerle)是以他自己的姓名命名的领导力咨询公司的管理合伙人。他表示,消费者还希望通过把钱花在体验方面(例如旅游、美食和家居)来体现自己的不同,而不是购买另一款设计师产品。
“The Chinese tourist is an increasingly large part of our business globally — notably in Japan and Europe. We are staffing into this trend, increasing the number of Mandarin speaking store associates in these geographies,” it says. 他补充称,7年前,上海的米其林(Michelin)三星餐厅Jean Georges “80%的客人是法国人;如今80%是中国人”。
The UK’s Burberry is focusing on digital marketing and shifting away from stores, cutting the number of retail staff in Hong Kong by 25 per cent. “In Hong Kong, we’re switching our investment from iconic out-of-home sites that target tourists, to emails, events and media more relevant to the local customer,” said Mr Bailey this month. 他表示,消费者还显示出更多的对本土品牌的兴趣,这可能有利于新兴的国内奢侈品行业。“出于对自身身份认同的自豪和安全感,人们正追本溯源。”
The upside of shutting underperforming stores, and focusing on the more dynamic locations, is that China could become a more profitable country for luxury companies. 奢侈品公司正对这些变化做出反应。美国皮革制品集团蔻驰在中国正因为产品价格较很多高端竞争对手更亲民而受益,但该集团表示,中国游客的支出也在增加。
Erwan Rambourg, luxury goods analyst at HSBC in Hong Kong, says: “Staff costs and rents remain reasonable relative to the rest of the world. We think profit margins will improve because the brands already have enough shops, so can rein in the capex for retail expansion that has weighed on profit margins.” 该集团表示:“中国游客对我们全球业务的贡献越来越大,特别是在日本和欧洲。我们正迎合这种趋势,在这些地区增加说普通话店员的数量。”
He says sales will recover but not overnight. It will take time for import taxes and consumption taxes to be lowered, which would reduce the gap between prices in China compared with other countries. 英国的博柏利正聚焦于数字营销并转向门店以外,将香港零售员工的数量减少25%。贝利最近表示:“在香港,我们正把投资从瞄准游客的标志性户外广告转向与当地顾客更相关的电邮、活动和媒体。”
There are some tantalising signs of improvement. Burberry said sales were picking up in China relative to its last quarter. Cartier-owner, Richemont said this month that growth had resumed in mainland China, lifted by retail sales through its own boutiques. 关闭业绩不佳的门店、专注于更具活力的经营地点的好处在于,对奢侈品集团而言,中国有望成为一个更加利润丰厚的市场。
Gary Saage, finance director of the Swiss group, last month told analysts that in Hong Kong “it’s getting a little less worse?.?.?.?but you know, I’m not going to be popping champagne on that”. 汇丰(HSBC)驻香港奢侈品分析师埃尔文?朗堡(Erwan Rambourg)表示:“相对于全球其他地区,中国的员工成本和租金仍相对合理。我们认为,利润率将改善,因为各品牌已经拥有足够多的门店,能够压缩资本支出,无需进行拖累利润率的零售扩张。”
Broadened horizons: Chinese spending overseas 他表示,销售额将复苏,但不会一蹴而就。降低进口税和消费税(这将缩窄中国与其他国家之间的价格差距)需要时间。
Chinese tourism has taken off spectacularly in recent years, even though only 6 per cent of the population has a passport. Almost 120m Chinese travelled abroad last year, more than double the number five years ago. 目前有一些令人心动的改善迹象。博柏利表示,在华销售额较上一季度出现起色。卡地亚(Cartier)所有者瑞士历峰集团(Richemont)上月表示,受专卖店零售销售的提振,中国业务已恢复增长。
These tourists are hugely important for the luxury goods industry because two-thirds of the ¢65bn of Chinese luxury spending last year took place outside China, some of it by middleman used by consumers to bypass the high taxes on luxury imports that make it cheaper to buy abroad. 这家瑞士集团的财务总监加里?萨吉(Gary Saage)在10月告诉分析师,在香港,“情况变得不那么糟糕了……但你们知道,我们不会为此开香槟庆祝”。
Wealthy travellers are tightening their purse strings, however. Per capita spending on shopping fell 8 per cent in 2014, year on year, according to FT Confidential Research, a Financial Times’ investment research service, because of the economic slowdown and the clampdown on gift-giving. 拓宽视角:中国人海外支出
Total spending increased, however, because the number of overseas trips grew 20 per cent. 近年中国旅游业的发展引人注目,即使全国仅有6%的人口持有护照。去年,赴海外旅游的中国游客达到近1.2亿人次,是5年前的两倍多。
Yet the traditional destinations of Hong Kong for shopping and Macau for gambling, are not reaping the benefits of this rise because increasingly Chinese tourists prefer to travel to new destinations. 这些游客对于奢侈品行业极其重要,因为中国人去年650亿欧元的奢侈品支出中,有三分之二发生在中国境外,其中一部分源自消费者利用中间人代购,绕过高额奢侈品进口税,后者使奢侈品在海外购买更便宜。
Hong Kong is also suffering from unfavourable exchange rates and the aftermath of last year’s political protests that have left many Chinese feeling unwelcome. 然而,富有的游客正收紧钱包。根据英国《金融时报》旗下的投资研究服务部门“投资参考”(FT Confidential Research)的数据,2014年,人均购物支出同比下降8%,原因是经济放缓和政府对礼品馈赠的打击。
South Korea and Japan are instead growing in popularity. A quarter of Chinese tourists chose South Korea for their first trip this year — double the number last year, according to FT Confidential. 不过,整体支出增加,因为海外旅行人次增长20%。
France tops the list of destinations, though it is too soon to say whether last week’s terrorist attacks will deter visitors. 然而。传统的购物目的地香港和赌博目的地澳门没有从中获利,因为越来越多的中国内地游客更青睐新的目的地。
The government in Beijing is trying to encourage shoppers to spend at home rather than abroad, through the development of domestic duty-free shopping zones, such as on Hainan island in the south. 香港还受到不利汇率以及去年让很多内地人感到不受欢迎的政治抗议余波的影响。
Erwan Rambourg, analyst at HSBC, says: “We think that luxury sales in China will recover, thanks to lowered taxes and more domestic duty free outlets that will make purchasing abroad less compelling.” 韩国和日本正越来越受欢迎。根据“投资参考”的数据,今年有四分之一的中国游客把韩国作为首个出境游目的地,是去年人数的两倍。
Scheherazade Daneshkhu in London, Ralph Atkins in Zurich, Adam Thomson in Paris, Rachel Sanderson in Milan, Patti Waldmeir in Shanghai, Lindsay Whipp in Chicago, Jamil Anderlini, Wan Li and Christian Shepherd in Beijing 法国列在中国出境游目的地名单的首位,现在就断言最近的恐怖主义袭击会不会吓退游客还为时尚早。
中国政府正努力发展国内的免税购物区,例如南方的海南岛,鼓励消费者在国内支出。
汇丰分析师埃尔文·朗堡表示:“我们认为,中国的奢侈品销售将复苏,因为税收下调以及国内更多的免税门店将让出国购物的吸引力下降。”
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下面读文网小编为大家带来金融英语情景对话,欢迎大家学习!
Robert Albert ,president of Albert Electronics ,is talking about inflation and general financial conditions with his banker ,Wilson Hall.
艾伯特电子公司总裁罗伯特·艾伯特正和他的银行职员威尔逊·霍尔在谈论通货膨胀和金融状况。
Albert:I'm really concerned about the general financial situation ,Mr.Hall.
艾伯特:霍尔先生,我对于目前金融价总的状况甚为关切。
We've been living with constantly rising prices for too long .
我们长期在物价不断上涨的情况下生活着,
You would think that the tight money policies that the government has been following would start having some effect .
你大概认为政府所实施的银根紧缩政策已经开始产生一些效果。
Hall:I think they're starting to work ,Mr.Albert .Interest rates have gone up substantially recently ,
霍 尔:我认为这些政策已经开始生效,艾伯特先生。近来利率已大幅度提高,
and the availability of credit has been sharply curtailed .
信贷的使用已大大削减。
Unfortunately ,however demand-pull inflation is not our only problem .
不幸的是,由需求而促成的通货膨胀并不是我们唯一的问题。
A;Yes ,the new problem seems to be cost-push inflation ,or what the economists sometimes call sellers'inflation .
艾伯特:是的,新的问题似乎是成本促成的通货膨胀,就是经济学家们有时称之为卖方通货膨胀。
H:Exactly .For example ,the rising costs of commodities and energy supplies over which we have no real control .
霍 尔:的确如此,譬如说,商品和能源的成本一直不断增加,对此我们没有得到真正的控制。
Fiscal and monetary policies can't do much to help us deal with this kind of inflation .
财政和货币政策对于我们解决这类性质的通货膨胀也是爱莫能助。
A:It must be very difficult for you as a banker to try to satisfy your customers during periods like this .
艾伯特:处于这样的时期,你作为一个银行家,要想尽力去满足你的顾客们的要求肯定是很困难的。
H:Indeed it is.Tight money policies make it necessary for us to turn down loan requests from many clients or to increase the downpayment requirements on mortgage and installment loans .
霍 尔:确实如此。银根紧缩政策使得我们必须拒绝许多客户的贷款要求,或者增加抵押货款和分期贷款的定金。
A:Well,let's hope we see an improvement soon.People on fixed incomes,particularly retired people,
艾伯特:我们指望着不久将看到情况有所好转。眼下,那些靠固定收入的人们,特别是那些退休的人,
must be having a terrible time making ends meet.
为维持生计一定会碰到不少困难。
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下面是读文网小编为大家带来金融英语阅读:东京获评最贵移民城市,欢迎大家阅读!
Tokyo has regained the unenviable title of theworld's most expensive city for expatriates, while theeurozone crisis has made many European cities cheaper,according to a survey published on Tuesday.
At the other end of the scale, the survey by theMercer group named the Pakistani port Karachi as theleast expensive city, with living costs around three timescheaper than in the Japanese capital.
The report, published annually to help companiesassess compensation allowances for expatriateworkers, compared the cost of over 200 items in 214 cities, using New York as a reference. The itemson the list included housing, food and transport.
Tokyo pushed the oil-boom Angolan capital Luanda into second place to retake the top spot inthe survey. Another Japanese city, Osaka, came third, the Russian capital Moscow in fourth, andGeneva fifth.
Cities in the eurozone slid in the rankings as the euro has slid against the US dollar during thedebt crisis. Paris dropped 10 spots to 37th, Rome fell eight to 42nd, and Athens tumbled 24 to 77th.
London slipped from 18th in the table one year ago down to 25th place.
Six Australian major cities are among the top 30 because of a stronger Australian dollar,according to Mercer.
The survey showed that the six cities had all experienced further jumps up the global list since2011, with Sydney ranked 11th and Melbourne 15th, whereas Perth and Canberra both jumped 11places to numbers 19 and 23.
Brisbane rose by seven places to take 24th position while Adelaide moved up 19 places to 27th.
Australia now has three surveyed cities in the top 20 and all six surveyed cities in the top 30,Mercer said.
Sydney has become the most expensive Australian city for expatriates.
"Demand for rental properties has also increased significantly in all the Australian cities we rank,"Mercer principal Nathalie Constantin-Metral said in a statement.
"Coupled with very limited availability, the result has been very tight markets and increasedprices."
Shanghai climbed five places to 16th and Beijing moved up three places to 17th, overtakingSeoul.
Shenzhen rose by 13 places to 30th while Guangzhou was up seven places to 31st.
周二发布的一项调查显示,东京又重新荣获全球最贵移民城市的称号,而欧元区危机让许多欧洲城市的生活花费都降低了。
在排行榜的另一端,美世集团开展的这一调查将巴基斯坦海港城市卡拉奇评为生活花费最低廉的城市,该城市的生活成本大约比日本首都东京低三倍。
这一年度调查报告旨在帮助公司估算给驻外员工的补贴数额。该调查以纽约的生活花费为参照,比较了214个城市的200多项条目,包括住房、饮食和交通。
调查报告中,东京将盛产石油的安哥拉首都罗安达挤到了第二位,重新抢占冠军位置。另一个日本城市大阪位居第三,俄罗斯首都莫斯科排在第四位,日内瓦排在第五位。
由于欧债危机中欧元对美元贬值,欧元区城市的排名有所下滑。巴黎降了10位,排名第37,罗马降了8位,排在第42位,雅典排名大幅下滑,降了24位,排名第77。
伦敦从一年前排行榜中的第18位降到了第25位。
根据美世集团的调查,澳大利亚的6个主要城市都跻身前30名,因为澳元走强。
该调查显示,自2011年以来,这6个城市在这一全球排行榜上的名次都上升了。悉尼位居第11名,墨尔本第15名,珀斯和堪培拉都上升了11位,分列第19名和第23名。
布里斯班上升了7位,位居第24名,阿德莱德上升了19位,排在第27名。
美世集团称,澳大利亚现在有3个被调查城市进入了前20名,而且被调查的6个城市都进入了前30名。
悉尼已成为最昂贵的澳大利亚移民城市。
美世集团的总裁娜萨莉?康斯坦丁-梅特拉尔在一份声明中说:“在所有入榜的澳大利亚城市中,租房需求也大大提高了。”
“再加上可供给量十分有限,其结果就是市场供不应求,价格上涨。”
首尔排名被上海和北京赶超。上海上升了5位,排名第16,北京上升了3位,排在第17名。
深圳上升了13位,排在第30名,广州上升了7位,排在第31名。
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下面读文网小编为大家带来金融英语双语阅读,希望大家喜欢!
The most traditional form of bank financing is bank deposits, both at call and fixed deposits. However with the steady decrease of the deposit rates, the incentive for investors to leave money sitting in the bank has decreased, even more so now that depositors have to pay 20% tax on any interest earned. For a bank, deposits are the least expensive of all funding sources. One of the biggest problems facing banks is that they tend to do the majority of their lending through housing loans, which is generally for terms between 15 to 30 years. Deposits on the other hand are for terms ranging from 1 month to 5 years. If the bank were to provide a borrower with a 20 year housing loan of 1 million RMB, the bank would need to find a customer or a number of customers to commit to a total fixed deposit of 1 million RMB for 5 years. Note that investors would be unwilling to do this when interest rates are volatile or when inflation is high. After the end of the 5 years, they would need to find investors that are willing to do this another 3 times in order to ensure that the housing loan is fully funded. This results in funding risk to the bank. The liability management department in the bank looks after this risk.
银行筹资最传统的形式是银行存款,包括活期存款和定期存款。然而,随着存款利率的稳步下降,投资商将钱存在银行的热情已开始减退,并且现在投资商还必须为其任何所得利润支付20%的税。对于银行来说,存款是所有资金来源中最划算的。银行面临的最大问题之一在于倾向于将大部分贷款用于住房贷款上,通常期限为15到30年。另一方面,存款期限则为1个月到5年。假如银行向一借款人提供100万人民币贷款,为期20年,那么银行就必须找到一个或若干个客户来支付一笔总数为100万人民币、为期5年的定期存款。请注意,投资商在利率不稳定或通货膨胀严重时就不会这样做了。5年到期后,他们还必须找到愿意再做3次的投资商,以确保住房贷款资金能够完全到位。这会给银行带来资金筹措风险。银行的负债管理部门会监督该风险。
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每个行业又有着自己的独特语言,也称之为专业术语。今天读文网小编在这里为大家分享金融英语术语大全,希望这些金融专业术语能帮助到大家!
远期汇率 forward exchange rate
即期汇率 spot rate
实际利率 real interest rates
货币政策工具 tools of monetary policy
银行倒闭 bank failures
跨国公司 MNC ( Multi-National Corporation)
商业银行 commercial bank
商业票据 comercial paper
利润 profit
本票,期票 promissory notes
监督 to monitor
佣金(经济人) commission brokers
套期保值 hedge
有价证券平衡理论 portfolio balance theory
外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves
固定汇率 fixed exchange rate
浮动汇率 floating/flexible exchange rate
货币选择权(期货) currency option
套利 arbitrage
合约价 exercise price
远期升水 forward premium
多头买升 buying long
空头卖跌 selling short
按市价订购股票 market order
股票经纪人 stockbroker
国际货币基金 the IMF
七国集团 the G-7
监督 surveillance
同业拆借市场 interbank market
可兑换性 convertibility
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保证金是指买方或卖方按照交易市场规定标准交纳的资金,专门用于订单交易的结算和履行约定的保证。接下来小编为大家整理了金融英语阅读--保证金及利息,希望对你有帮助哦!
Interest is the cost of using money. The interest rate paid is usually expressed in annual terms though money market instruments may have a shorter term than one year. An interest rate is determined by dividing the amount of interest paid by the principal amount borrowed. For example, if a $1000 bond pays $85 in interest for one year, the annual interest rate is 8.5 percent. In the U.S. some interestbearing bonds, such as municipals, entitle the bearer to an exemption from certain taxes on interest income. The interest paid by a company on its outstanding debt as well as the interest paid by a homeowner on his/her mortgage, is deductible from income as an expense and so can reduce the amount of tax owed.
利息是使用货币的成本。利率的支付形式通常以年为期限,虽然金融市场票据会有一个更短的时间。利率的制定取决于借款本金所划分的利息。举个例子,如果1,000美元的债券每年支付85美元那么年利率就是8.5%.美国有一些有息债券,如政府债券,它允许持有人在利息收益上有一定的免税。公司未偿债务和按揭住房的屋主需支付的利息可以作为一项费用减少他们的应交税金。
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在这个时代,所有权分散且股价具有吸引力的中国企业将不得不防备身后的“黄雀”,这是中国向市场经济靠拢的自然进化。下面读文网小编为大家带来金融财经双语阅读:《“万宝之争”拉开中国敌意收购帷幕》,希望大家喜欢!
There are not many countries where, in a corporate showdown pitting new money against old, the old money was made in the 1990s. 很少有国家在爆发一场“新钱”与“老钱”的企业争夺战时,“老钱”一方是20世纪90年代才成立的。
Such a battle is brewing in China, where a small insurer with less than 300 employees — privately held Baoneng Group — has built up the largest single stake in one of the country’s biggest property companies, China Vanke, which employs more than 38,000 people. 这样一场战斗正在中国打响。员工不到300人的小型私有保险商宝能集团(Baoneng Group)通过增持股票,成了中国房地产巨头之一、员工超过3.8万人的的万科(China Vanke)的最大股东。
Vanke is also one of China’s best known corporate brands with a celebrity chairman, Wang Shi. Baoneng and its low-key founder, Yao Zhenhua, were largely unheard of until this year. 万科还是中国最知名的企业品牌之一,董事长王石是知名人士。而宝能连同它低调的创始人姚振华在今年以前基本没什么名气。
Adding to the intrigue surrounding what could become China’s first full-blown hostile takeover battle, Vanke has sought a potential white knight in the form of Anbang, another private insurance group but one with a “princeling” pedigree: Anbang founder Wu Xiaohui is married to a granddaughter of Deng Xiaoping, the late paramount leader and architect of China’s economic transformation. 这起事件可能升级为中国第一宗全面的敌意收购,而使其更加耐人寻味的是,万科已求助于一位潜在的白衣骑士,那就是安邦(Anbang)。安邦也是一家私有保险集团,但拥有“太子党”背景,其创始人吴小晖是中国经济转型的建筑师、已故最高领导人邓小平的孙女婿。
Over recent months, Baoneng Group companies quietly amassed more than 20 per cent of Vanke’s Shenzhen- and Hong Kong-traded shares. Up to that point Vanke’s largest shareholder was state-owned conglomerate China Resources, with a 17 per cent stake. 近几个月里,“宝能系”在深圳与香港股市悄然买下了万科逾20%的股份。此前万科的第一大股东是国有集团华润(China Resources),其持股比例为17%。
Mr Wang, 64, decried the development as one that could “ruin” his company’s brand. Vanke put a temporary halt to Baoneng’s stake-building by suspending trading in its shares on December 18, pending a “restructuring” announcement expected next month.
But according to Credit Suisse, which hosted two investor presentations by Vanke’s chairman on December 23, Mr Wang said there would be no poison pill and that all shareholders’ interests would be protected. Any new equity placement would also require the approval of investors in more than two-thirds of the company. 64岁的王石谴责宝能的增持行为,称此举可能“毁掉”万科的品牌。万科于12月18日申请股票停牌,暂时阻止了宝能的增持行为,停牌理由是下月预计将发布“重组”声明。
Baoneng declined an interview request. Vanke did not respond to a request for comment. 但是,根据在12月23日为万科董事长举办了两场投资者交流会的瑞信(Credit Suisse),王石表示不会实行毒丸计划,所有股东的利益会得到保护。此外,任何新的股权配售都需要超过三分之二的万科投资者批准。
Mr Wang is not used to playing defence. He has been a fixture of China Inc since the mid-1990s, when Vanke began building a name for itself in the southern boomtown of Shenzhen. 宝能拒绝了采访要求。万科没有回应记者的置评请求。
A former railway official and then foreign trade official in Guangdong province, Mr Wang abandoned the civil service and “jumped into the sea” of commerce just as Deng’s historic economic reforms were gathering pace in the 1980s. 王石并不习惯采取防守姿态。上世纪90年代中期,万科开始在南方繁华城市深圳创建品牌,王石从此成了中国企业界的头面人物。
After dabbling in foreign trade, he made a well-timed entry into the property sector and soon cemented Vanke’s reputation as a widely admired developer of quality residential housing in the country’s largest and richest urban centres. 王石曾任铁路局官员,随后又成为广东省外贸官员。上世纪80年代,就在邓小平的历史性经济改革加快步伐之际,王石放弃了公务员职位,“下海”经商。
Jeffrey Gao, a Hong Kong-based property analyst with Nomura, says Vanke’s financial performance has been impressive. The developer achieved an 18 per cent return on equity in 2014 compared to an average of 10 per cent for listed Chinese companies. 王石先是涉足外贸领域,随后在有利时机进入房地产行业,很快巩固了万科的声誉。通过在中国最大、最富有的城市中心开发优质住宅,万科成为广受赞誉的开放商。
Unusually for his peer group, Mr Wang has cultivated a celebrity profile as an avid mountain climber, parachutist and environmentalist. He has taken sabbaticals to study at prestigious overseas universities such as Harvard and Cambridge, while gossip websites track his love life with enthusiasm. 野村(Nomura)驻香港的房地产分析师高剑锋(Jeffrey Gao)表示,万科的财务表现一直令人印象深刻。这家开放商在2014年实现了18%的股本回报率,相比之下,中国上市公司的平均股本回报率为10%。
He is also unusual amongst Chinese entrepreneurs in not having sought to retain a controlling stake in the company he founded, leaving him vulnerable to unwanted suitors. 与同龄群体不同,王石为自己塑造了一种名人形象——执着的登山者、跳伞爱好者、环保主义者。他利用休假到海外名校——如哈佛(Harvard)、剑桥(Cambridge)——游学,而八卦网站也热衷于追踪他的感情生活。
“Wang is always on social media,” says Edward Tse, a veteran China consultant and author of a recent book on the country’s entrepreneurial “disruptors”. “Before he seemed untouchable but he’s actually at very serious risk right now. That is what has drawn everyone’s attention.” 他还有一个不同于其他中国企业家的独特之处——从未试图在自己创立的公司保留控股权,这使得他容易受到不请自来的收购者的觊觎。
By contrast, Mr Wang’s nemesis at Baoneng was almost unheard of before Vanke’s criticism of his share purchases put him on the map. Mr Yao, 45, studied industrial management and food engineering at university. His first company was a grocery chain, from which he quietly expanded into logistics, property and eventually insurance. “王石总是在社交媒体上曝光,”资深中国顾问、近期出版的《中国的商业颠覆者》(China’s Disruptors)一书作者谢祖墀(Edward Tse)说,“以前他似乎高高在上,而现在他实际上面临非常严重的风险。这正是吸引每个人注意的地方。”
Mr Yao now stands on the cusp of becoming Communist China’s first corporate raider. 相比之下,在万科对宝能购股行为的指责使后者一举成名之前,几乎没人听说过王石的这个死对头。45岁的姚振华大学期间学习的是工业管理以及食品工程专业。他创立的首家公司为一家连锁超市,后来将业务悄然扩展至物流、房地产以及最终的保险业。
Some analysts think Mr Yao spotted an opportunity that could herald a new corporate era in which Chinese companies with diversified ownership structures and attractive share prices will have to watch their backs. 姚振华如今即将成为共产党统治的中国的首位“企业掠夺者”(corporate raider)。
“This is a natural evolution in China’s development into more of a market economy,” Mr Tse says. “You had a situation where Vanke’s share price was depressed for a long time and its ownership is quite diversified.” 有分析师认为,姚振华发现了一个可能开启新的企业时代的机遇,在这个时代,所有权分散且股价具有吸引力的中国企业将不得不防备身后的“黄雀”。
Others say Mr Yao may not need to launch a bid for full control of Vanke to achieve his aims. Mr Gao at Nomura argues that it makes sense for Chinese insurance companies like Baoneng and Anbang to invest in property developers with good portfolios for purely financial reasons. “这是中国向市场经济靠拢的自然进化,”谢祖墀说,“万科的股价曾经低迷了好一阵,而其所有权相当分散。”
Many have done exactly that as returns from equities and other investments shrink and the government eases restrictions that previously limited their property exposure. According to Mr Gao, the average dividend yield for China’s listed property developers is around 5 per cent, while insurance companies have averaged annual investment returns of 4.7 per cent over the past decade. 也有人称,姚振华或许不需要获得对万科的完全控制就可以实现自己的目标。野村的高剑锋认为,像宝能、安邦这样的中国保险公司纯粹出于财务原因而投资拥有优良资产组合的房地产开发商是有道理的。
The dividend yield on Vanke’s Shenzhen-listed shares has fallen to 2 per cent because of the jump in the share price linked to Baoneng and Anbang’s recent stake-building. But the company has said it plans to increase its dividend payout. 随着股票及其他投资的回报缩水,随着政府放松此前对房地产敞口的限制,许多保险商实际上都在这样做。高剑锋表示,中国上市地产开发商的平均股息收益率约为5%,而保险公司过去10年的年均投资回报率为4.7%。
An additional benefit for Baoneng is that, having acquired more than 20 per cent of Vanke, it can now classify the developer as an associate and therefore include its dividends in its own profit and loss statement. 由于宝能和安邦的近期增持引起股价暴涨,万科深圳上市股票的股息收益率已降至2%。但该公司已表示计划增加派息。
If that were Mr Yao’s goal, however, he could have stopped his stake-building in Mr Wang’s company at 20.1 per cent. He did not. Unless a truce can be negotiated during Vanke’s trading suspension, hostilities will resume next month. 对于已获得万科逾20%股份的宝能而言,额外的好处是,它现在可以将万科列为自己的联营企业,从而将万科的股息纳入自己的损益表。
Additional reporting by Wan Li and Luna Lin 然而,如果这是姚振华的目标,他本可以在增持至20.1%时停下来。但他没有这么做。除非在万科停牌期间双方能达成妥协,否则这种敌对状态将在下个月重现。
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下面读文网小编为大家带来金融英语双语阅读:成本会计系统,希望大家喜欢!
Cost accounting systems provide timely unit product costs through the use of perpetual inventory procedures and predetermined factory overhead rates. To introduce the basic ideas of cost accounting system, we present a simplified illustration to show the flow of product costs as follows:
成本会计系统通过使用永续盘存制和预定的制造费用分配率定期提供产品的单位成本。为了介绍成本会计系统的基本概念,现举一个简例来表述产品成本流程如下:
Acquisition of Materials:Materials inventory account rather than purchases account will be debited under a perpetual inventory system. Both raw materials and factory supplies are included in the inventory account. Materials ledger cards for each type of material or factory supply used make up the subsidiary record.(All figures are assumed)
材料的取得:在永续盘存制下,将借记材料盘存账户而非购料账户。原料和工厂用物料都包括在盘存账户中。为每一类原料设置的材料分类卡构成了辅助记录。(数字都是假设的)
(1) Materials Inventory 1,000
Accounts Payable 1,000
(1)材料盘存1,000
应付账款 1,000
Recording Factory Payroll:The total factory payroll includes both direct and indirect labor. 工厂工薪的记录:工厂工薪总额中包括直接人工和间接人工。
(2)Factory Payroll 6,000
Factory Payroll Payable 6,000 (2)工厂工薪 6,000
应付工厂工薪6,000
Recording Other Factory Costs as Overhead:Various items other than materials and labor costs are charged to Factory Overhead account.
其他工厂成本记录为制造费用:除材料和人工成本以外的各个项目记入制造费用账户。
(3) Factory Overhead 800
Accumulated Depreciation 200
Prepaid Insurance 150
Accrued Utilities Payable 100
Various Accounts 350 (3)制造费用 800
累计折旧 200
预付保险费150
应计未付公用事业费100
其他各账户350
At this point, all product costs have been accumulated into debit balances in the Materials Inventory, Factory Payroll, and Factory Overhead account. We are now ready to trace these costs through Work in Process and Finished Goods to the Cost of Goods Sold account.
这时,产品的全部成本已累积为材料盘存,工厂工薪和制造费用等账户的借方余额。现在就可以跟踪这些成本,通过在制品和制成品账户转至销货成本账户。
Recording Requisitions of Raw Materials and Factory Supplies:This entry reflects the requisition (evidenced by the material requisitions) of all materials to be used in production. Raw materials(or direct materials) are charged directly to the Work in Process account. Costs of factory supplies(or indirect materials) become part of factory overhead.
原料和工厂用物料领用的记录:这笔记录反映将在生产中耗用的全部材料的领用(由领料单证明)。原料(即直接材料)应直接借记在制品账户,工厂用物料(即间接材料)的成本则成为制造费用的一部分。
(4) Work in Process 600
Factory Overhead 200
Materials Inventory 800 (4)在制品 600
制造费用 200
材料盘存800
Recording Distribution of Factory Payroll:Work in Process is debited for the direct labor and Factory Overhead is debited for the indirect labor. The total factory payroll is distributed, leaving a zero balance in the Factory Payroll account. The division of total factory payroll into direct and indirect labor is based on a detailed analysis of the job description, wage rates and hours worked of each employee (evidenced by such documents as the time tickets).
工厂工薪分配的记录:直接人工应借记在制品账户,间接人工则借记制造费用账户。工厂工薪的总额既已分配,工厂工薪账户留下的余额就等于零,把工厂工薪总额区分为直接人工和间接人工,要根据对工作说明,工资率以及每一雇员的工作时数的详细分析(由计时单这样一些凭证证明)。
(5) Work in Process 500
Factory overhead 100
Factory payroll 600 (5)在制品 500
制造费用 100
工厂工薪 600
Recording Application of Factory Overhead:Most firms do not apply the actual amount of overhead incurred each period to the goods manufactured during that period. Instead, overhead is applied at average rates that reflect estimates of total annual production volume and total overhead costs for the year. Predetermined overhead rates are computed by estimating the coming year’s total factory overhead cost and dividing it by an estimate of some unit of activity (such as direct labor hours, direct labor costs or factory machine hours ).
制造费用分配的记录:大多数企业不是按照每期实际发生的制造费用金额分配于该期内制造的产品,而是按照反映全年总产量和全年制造费用总额估计数的平均分配率来分配制造费用。在计算预定制造费用分配率时,要估计翌年的制造费用总额,而后除以某种估计的工作量(例如直接人工小时,直接人工成本,或工厂机器工作小时)。
(6) Work Process 1,200
Factory Overhead 1,200
(240% of direct labor cost) (6)在制品 1,200
制造费用 1,200
(直接人工成本的240%)
Recording Completed Production:This entry reflects the assignment of costs to completed production and the transfer of those costs from Work in Process to Finished Goods.
完工产品的记录:这一分录反映分配于完工产品的成本,并把这些成本从在制品账户转入制成品账户。
(7) Finished Goods 2,000
Work in Process 2,000
(7)制成品 2,000
在制品 2,000
Suppose that the firm produces a single product and the units completed in that period are 1,000 the unit product cost would be $2.
假设该企业只生产一种产品,当期的完工产量为1,000件,则产品单位成本为$2.
Recording Cost of Goods Sold:This entry transfers the cost of finished products sold (700 unit @ $2) to the Cost of Goods Sold account.
销货成本的记录:这一分录将已出售的制成品成本(700件@$2)转入销货成本账户。
(8) Cost of Goods Sold 1,400
Finished Goods 1,400 (8)销货成本 1,400
制成品 1,400
Under-or overapplied overhead (an overapplied overhead $50 in our example ) is expected at the end of interim accounting periods and is shown as deferred debits or credits on interim balance sheets. If the amount is immaterial, it is closed to Cost of Goods Sold at year-end; if material, it may be allocated among the Work in Process, Finished Goods and Cost of Goods Sold accounts.
在年度内各会计期期末,可望出现少分配或多分配制造费用(例中为多分配制造费用$50,在中期资产负债表上列示为递延借项或递延贷项。如金额不大,在年终时将结转于销货成本账户;如金额巨大,则可在在制品,制成品和销货成本等账户之间进行分配。
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下面是读文网小编为大家带来金融英语阅读:Chinese invest in Norilsk Nickel’s Russian copper project,欢迎大家阅读!
Norilsk Nickel has agreed to sell a 13 per cent stake in a Siberian copper project to a consortium of Chinese investors, as Russian companies increasingly turn to Beijing to help develop new natural resources developments. 诺里尔斯克镍业(Norilsk Nickel)已同意把一个西伯利亚铜矿项目13%的股权出售给中国投资者组成的财团。目前俄罗斯企业日益求助于中国帮助开发新的自然资源开采项目。
Analysts said the $100m deal would mark the first significant equity injection by Chinese investors into a Russian mining project. 分析师们表示,这笔1亿美元的交易将标志着中国投资者首次对俄罗斯采矿项目进行重大股本注资。
Pavel Fedorov, deputy chief executive of Norilsk, the world’s largest producer of nickel and the third-largest global mining company by market capitalisation, told the Financial Times that the deal would be the first sign of greater co-operation with China. He said the company had also signed its first renminbi-denominated loan facility for more than 4.5bn renminbi ($700m) with banks including China’s ICBC. 诺里尔斯克是世界最大镍生产商,也是按市值排列的全球第三大矿业公司。该公司副首席执行官帕维尔·费奥多罗夫(Pavel Fedorov)对英国《金融时报》表示,这笔交易将是同中国加大合作的第一个迹象。他说,该公司还与包括中国工商银行(ICBC)在内的几家银行签署了首个人民币计价的贷款安排,额度超过45亿元人民币(合7亿美元)。
“This project is leading to a reassessment of Norilsk by key Chinese financial institutions,” said Mr Fedorov. “It’s a symbolic development that opens a new stage in our dialogue.” “这个项目正促使中国几家重要金融机构重新评估诺里尔斯克公司,”费奥多罗夫表示,“这是一个具有象征意义的发展,开启了双方对话的新阶段。”
Norilsk’s deal comes as Russian natural resources groups are increasingly courting Chinese investors as falling commodity prices and western sanctions over Ukraine have made it more difficult to finance new projects. 诺里尔斯克交易达成之际,俄罗斯自然资源集团日趋讨好中国投资者,原因是大宗商品价格下跌和乌克兰冲突导致的西方制裁加大了新项目的融资难度。
Sinopec, one of China’s state-owned oil groups, this month closed a deal to buy a 10 per cent stake in Sibur, Russia’s largest petrochemicals company, for $1.3bn. Russia is also looking to China to provide the bulk of the financing for its flagship Yamal liquefied natural gas project. 中国国有石油集团之一中石化(Sinopec)在12月达成协议,拟斥资13亿美元,收购俄罗斯最大石化企业西布尔(Sibur) 10%股份。俄罗斯还正在争取由中方为其亚马尔(Yamal)液化天然气(LNG)旗舰项目提供大部分融资。
The Norilsk deal for its Bystrinksy project is the first time Chinese investors have bought an equity stake in a Russian mining project as opposed to a Russian miner, said analysts. 分析师们表示,双方就诺里尔斯克的Bystrinksy项目达成协议,是中国投资者首次入股俄罗斯采矿项目,而非俄罗斯矿商。
China Investment Corp, China’s sovereign wealth fund, in 2013 took a 12.5 per cent stake in potash miner Uralkali, but sold it in September this year. A subsidiary of Zijin Mining, a private Chinese group, has since 2006 had a licence to develop a Siberian lead and zinc deposit. 中国的主权财富基金——中国投资有限责任公司(CIC)曾在2013年购得俄罗斯乌拉尔钾肥(Uralkali)的12.5%股份,但在2015年9月出售了这笔股份。中国民营集团紫金矿业(Zijin Mining)的一家子公司自2006年以来持有开发西伯利亚一个铅锌矿的执照。
Norilsk did not disclose the identities of the Chinese investors behind the deal, but Mr Fedorov said they included “some of the premier Chinese private equity and state-owned investment corporations”. 诺里尔斯克没有透露参与这笔交易的中国投资者身份,但费奥多罗夫表示,这些投资者包括“中国一些知名的私募股权和国有投资公司”。
The Bystrinsky copper project, located in Siberia’s Baikal region just 300km from the Chinese border, is due to start production in 2017, ramping up to between 60,000 and 70,000 tonnes of copper per year. Bystrinsky铜矿项目位于西伯利亚的贝加尔地区,距离俄中边境仅300公里,该矿计划在2017年投产,逐渐达到每年6万至7万吨铜的产量。
Norilsk has already invested up to $700m in the project, out of a total estimated cost of $1.6bn, said Mr Fedorov. 费奥多罗夫称,诺里尔斯克已向该项目投入高达7亿美元,总开发成本估计达到16亿美元。
He said the decline in the rouble had made the project more attractive. “The cost position has been considerably improved through the weaker rouble,” he added. “At current copper prices it still is a very profitable project.” 他说,卢布汇率下降已使这个项目更具吸引力。“卢布走弱已经使成本形势显著好转,”他补充说,“按目前铜价计算,这仍是一个非常有利可图的项目。”
Mr Fedorov said Norilsk has had three offers from Chinese companies to sign supply deals for the mine’s production. 费奥多罗夫表示,诺里尔斯克已从中国企业接到三份要约,都是要签署该矿所产矿物的供应协议。
Kirill Chuyko, analyst at BCS Financial, said Norilsk had access to other sources of financing, but appeared to be attempting to build its relationship with Chinese investors. BCS Financial分析师Kirill Chuyko表示,诺里尔斯克有其他资金来源,但似乎想要与中国投资者构建关系。
Thanks to its extremely low production costs, added Mr Chuyko, “if a nuclear war starts only cockroaches and Norilsk Nickel will be able to survive”. Chuyko补充说,得益于极低的生产成本,“如果爆发一场核战争,只有蟑螂和诺里尔斯克镍业公司将能够生存下来”。
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下面是读文网小编为大家带来金融英语双语阅读,欢迎大家阅读!
Despite the time difference between China and Europe,Chinese online businesses were abuzz about Italy`s tightdefense against Spain in the early hours of Mondaymorning in the Euro 2012 championship as die-hardfootball fans stayed up late for the match.
周一凌晨,2012年欧洲杯拉开帷幕。尽管中国与欧洲存在时差,但因为许多铁杆球迷都在熬夜观战。在首场比赛中,意大利队对西班牙队采取了密集防守的战术,而许多网络商家这时也在热议这场“恶战”。
"The results might determine which national flag weshould keep more of in stock," said Xie Hui, an onlinevendor on Taobao.com, a popular customer-to-customer site in China.
淘宝卖家谢辉(音译)说:“比赛结果很可能就决定着我们应该增加哪个国家国旗的库存。”
As fans all over the world celebrate the championship in a great global party, e-commerce retailersare embracing the football spirit, doing a roaring trade in colorful national flags, kits and trophies.
全世界球迷都沉浸庆祝欧洲杯的狂欢派对中。电子商务零售商们也充分利用这种“足球精神”,出售各色国旗、球衣以及奖杯,生意做得如火如荼。
Xie`s online store is an array of tournament merchandise, ranging from classy to kitschy, and fromcheap to cheekily expensive.
谢辉的网店经营着大量的比赛商品,从高档品到低劣品,有的很廉价,有的则贵得令人咋舌。
The mantra, according to Xie, is: if you cannot get to a Euro 2012 game in person, you can now get aflavor of the world`s top competition via my website.
谢辉表示,我们做生意的口号就是:“如果你不能亲临2012欧洲杯比赛现场,在我们的店里,你可以马上感受到这项全球顶级赛事的氛围。
"Anything with a number 7 on it is selling like hot cakes," he said referring to the shirt worn byPortuguese star Cristiano Ronaldo.
他提到一件葡萄牙球星克里斯蒂亚诺•罗纳尔多所穿的球衣表示:“凡是带有数字7的商品都会大卖特卖。”
"Every time we replenish the stock, the next morning we`re sold out by 11 am," he said.
“每次只要我们一进货,第二天上午11点前就会销售一空。”
The term "European Cup" was firmly on Taobao`s list of "hot topics" by Monday, with the search termshowing up more than 54,000 times.
到本周一为止,“欧洲杯”一直是淘宝上的热门搜索词之一,该词的搜索量达到5.4万次之多。
Sales of football kits across the Web have rocketed, as avid fans tend to wear the same jerseys astheir favorite teams.
铁杆球迷们都想身穿自己喜爱球队的球衣,因此网上的足球队服销售额也激增。
Kits for the Spanish team have been the biggest seller, with more than 5,000 being sold in the pastmonth, according to Taobao. Sales of German, Italian, French and Portuguese kits all topped 3,000.
淘宝上,西班牙队的球衣成为最畅销的产品,过去一个月卖出5000多件。而德国、意大利、法国以及葡萄牙各队球衣的销售数量也都达到3000件之多。
It would seem that the beer culture which developed during the 2010 World Cup is set to get evenbigger, said football fan Zou Tianliang.
球迷邹天亮(音译)表示,似乎人们要把2010年世界杯期间形成的啤酒文化继续发扬光大。
Zou is enamored with the beverage and plans to shop online. His enthusiasm stems from anaffection for the drink and a desire to get discounted goods online, he said.
邹天亮是无酒不欢的人,所以他打算去网购。他表示自己之所以这样热衷网购,除了因为自己喜欢喝酒这点之外,同时也希望在网上买到打折商品。
Pinlive, a beer and snacks retailer on Tmall.com, China`s biggest business-to-consumer website, sawits beer sales surge as the event drew near.
Pinlive是一家在天猫(原淘宝商城)上出售啤酒和零食的网店。赛事临近时,该店的啤酒销量激增。
It started a promotion for the tournament two weeks ago by selling beer at discounts of 20 to 30percent, said Robin Yue, who is responsible for operating Pinlive`s online store.
据Pinlive网店的负责人罗宾•岳表示,两周前,Pinlive开展了欧洲杯大促销活动,所有出售的啤酒都打出了7-8折的优惠价。
He said that Pinlive`s beer sales over the past two weeks were up to five times the normal level.
他表示,Pinlive过去两周的啤酒销量是平时的五倍。
"Beer is an indispensable part of the soccer culture. I might go to the pub for the final," Zou said.
邹天亮说:“啤酒是足球文化不可缺少的一部分。我可能会去酒吧看总决赛。”
Foosball, also known as table football, until recently a rarity in China, has grown in popularityamong online buyers, including the many bars across the country.
而不久前还是稀有商品的桌上足球,现在已经越来越受到广大“网购一族”的青睐,其中也包括很多国内酒吧。
Over 20,000 foosball sets were sold on Taobao in May. An online merchant from Guangdongprovince sold more than 300 sets, priced between 105 and 118 yuan.
五月份淘宝共售出2万套桌上足球。一家来自广东的网络商户共售出300多套桌上足球,价格从105元到118元不等。
Foosball has become a game-changer for many bars.
桌上足球也为许多酒吧扭转了经营局面。
"Customer flow has jumped by five times, and most were immediately attracted to the gadgets," saidZhang Na, sales manager of O`Malley`s Irish Pub in Shanghai.
上海欧玛莉爱尔兰餐厅销售经理张娜(音译)表示:“餐厅客流量增加了五倍,他们大部分人都很快迷上了桌上足球。”
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学习英语,阅读真的很重要,多阅读一些英语短篇美文能有效提高自己的英语阅读能力,下面读文网小编在这里整理了一些英语美文短文精选给大家,希望大家会喜欢这些英语美文!
Through the cold winter wasteland a man trudged, leaning into the harsh wind which spitefully tried to force him back. He was covered from head to toe in layers of thick clothing, layers of protection against the harsh environment. On he fought, searching, searching. He was working so hard. This must be the way.
在寒冷的冬季,以为男子在荒地中的前行举步维艰,狂风肆虐几乎要将他吹倒。他从头到脚包裹着厚厚的衣物,用来抵御这恶劣的环境。他不遗余力的寻找着,寻找着,一定有办法。
In the distance he saw what looked like steam rising out of the ground. It rose a few feet and then was quickly whipped away by the biting wind. He altered his course and turned towards the steam, gaining some blessed relief as he turned his chapped face out of the gale.
远远地他看见有蒸汽从地下往上冒,只有短短几英尺。接着狂风拖曳着他往回,他改变了方向超蒸汽那里出发,感谢上天他开裂的脸蛋不再曝露在狂风之中。
As he got closer, he thought he could make out voices. Their tone was unfamiliar to him - musical, relaxed and warm - their melody enticed him closer. Finally he got close enough to peer through the mist.
他渐渐走近,发现自己可以说话了。对方的声音听起来很陌生,但是如同音乐一般让人感觉到放松,温暖。他们的旋律吸引着他不断靠近。最后,在迷雾中他靠近了他们。
There before him was a remarkable sight. In the midst of the frozen wasteland, cut into the ground was a large pool. Several people were in the pool, they seemed to be floating easily without any effort. As they saw him approach, a woman called out to him.
在旅人面前呈现出一个奇妙的场景。在刺骨寒冷的湿地中,地面上有这么大一个池塘。有不少人在其中,毫不费力地在池中飘来飘去。在旅人靠近之时,一位女士叫住了他。
"Come in here. It is lovely and warm. You can just lie back and relax," said the woman.
“进来吧,这里温暖舒适。你可以躺下放松。”女士说道。
"I can't. There are no steps." The man replied.
“我不能,这里都没有台阶。”旅人答道。
"Just jump in. It really is lovely in here. Come on. Theoure's plenty of room for another." Another of the floaters joined in the persuasion.
“只要跳进来就好了,这里很棒,快点,还有不少位子呢。”池中其他人也附和说道。
"But what if I don't like it, how will I get out? The sides are too high to reach up to."
“但是如果我不喜欢这里了,怎么出来?边缘太高很难出来。”
"Believe me, you won't want to get out. Come on. It is so good in here."
“相信我,你不会想要出来的,快点进来,这里真的很好。”
But he decided not to jump in. And that was a wise decision.
但他没有往下跳。而这是个明治的选择。
There're many things and people in life like this pool. They promise you life can be easy.
生活中有很多人和事像这个水池一样,他们像你承诺无忧无虑。
But in fact, they are traps that you can't come back from.
但实际上,他们都是能让你万劫不复的陷阱。
Life is hard. Stay wise. And fight.
生活是艰难的,请保持睿智,并战斗下去。
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英语美文不仅能使我们的品格、人生修养和境界等得到提升,是高中学习英语很好的阅读材料。下面读文网小编为大家带来高中英语美文摘抄阅读,希望大家喜欢!
"Mom?"I instantly recognized the odd tone in mydaughter Maura's voice.
"妈妈?"从女儿莫娜的口语中,我立刻意识到有点不对劲。
"Mom,one of my friends in the dorm tried to killherself.
"妈妈,我宿舍里有位同学要自杀。
She took pills.We made her throw them up,
她吃了许多安眠药。我们已想办法让她吐了出来,
then sat up with her all night,talking. She's tried thisbefore,Mom."
还整夜陪她坐着,劝她。妈妈,她以前也试着这样做过。"
"Did your friend get medical attention?"
"你的朋友看过医生没有?
I asked,trying to hit the right note in my own voice.
我强作镇静地问她。
"No,she's okay now, and she doesn't want us to report her."
"没有,她现在一点事儿都没有,而且她不要我们告诉别人。"
"You kids can't handle this kind of problem by yourselves,"
"你们还小,是无法处理这些事情的,"
I warned."Your friend needs professional help.
我告诫她。"你的朋友需要专业人士的帮助。
Tell your resident adviser what happened.She'll know what to do."
把我的一些告诉你们的舍监。她会知道怎么处理的。"
What a load for an 18-year-old.
对18岁的孩子而言,这个责任太大了。
"I was scared,Mom. You can't imagine how scared."
"妈妈,我好害怕。你根本就想象不出有多可怕啊。"
Yes,I can,Maura.I'm scared too--for your friend and for you.
不,我想象得出,莫娜,我也好担心呀,担心你的朋友,也担心你呀。
"All we could do was to hold her hand and listen."
"我们所能做的就是握住她的手,听她诉说。"
If only I could hold Maura's hand that very moment.
但愿此刻我能握住莫娜的手。
After hanging up the phone,
打了电话之后,
I thought of all the right things I might have said,and didn't
我想起了我应该说而没有说的所有的话。
Ours is an affectionate family,
虽然我们家是个温馨的家。
but we are inclined to show,not tell our feelings.
但是我们都倾向于表现而不是说出自己的感受。
How do you hug a child long-distance?
怎么去拥抱你那天各一方的孩子呢?
I had copied a poem to send to each of my college daughters
我总是给每个上大学的女儿抄写一首诗寄给她们,
when,as now, the occasion warranted.
每当碰到像现在这样的情况。
It was from a little book by Susan Polis Schutz called Don't Be Afraid to Love.
这首诗选自苏珊.波利斯.舒尔茨的一本小册子,书名是《大胆去爱》。
The jacket flyleaf said her poems strike a responsive chord with readers.
该书扉页上的评论说她的诗歌可以引起读者心灵的共鸣。
This one did for me:
这首诗确实适合我:
I am always here to understand you I am always here to laugh with you
我一直陪伴左右与你心心相印我总是在你身旁与你笑语吟吟
I am always here to cry with you I am always here to talk to you
我时时鞍前马后与你同声哭泣我天天端坐眼前与你促膝谈心
I am always here to think with you I am always here to plan with you
我时刻如影随形与你仔细思寻我经常与你相依相偎与你计议前程
even though we might not always be together
尽管我俩也许无法永不分离
please know that I am always here to love you
不过请你相信任天涯海角我爱你永远是刻骨铭心
Maura called the day she got my letter.
莫娜收到我信的当天,就给我打来了电话。
Her friend was all right,she said,and got counseling.
她说,她的朋友平安无事,并且接受了劝告。
"I gave her a copy of the poem you sent
"我把你给我的那首诗抄了一份送给她,
and she is carrying it in her wallet for moral support.
她把那首诗放在钱包里作为精神支柱。
I put the original on the message board on my door."
我把那份原件贴在了房门的告示板上。"
My tongue tied again as it reached for something to say.
话到嘴边我却再次什么都说不出来了。
"About that physics grade,"I changed the subject abruptly.
"物理成绩怎么样,"我赶紧岔开话题。
"Now that this crisis is over,
"既然这个非常事件过去了,
you have to buckle down and work harder Maura."
你就应该埋头苦干好好读文网,莫娜。"
on and on I went, playing the taskmaster,the preacher--
我重复了一遍又一遍,扮演着导师,牧师的角色,
at no loss at all for words in those roles.
不失时机地重复这些话语。
The following Saturday,there was a letter to me from Maura.What now?
随后的星期六,我收到了莫娜的一封信。这为什么呢?
She never wrote letters.Maybe I was too tough on her.
她是从不写信的。也许我对她太苛刻了吧,
Is something so bad that she's afraid to tell me on the phone?
还是有什么难言之隐不便在电话里说呢?
The note was short:
信很短:
"Dear Mom: In case you were wondering,
亲爱的妈妈:您毋须一天到晚担惊受怕,
'I am always here to understand you.' Love,Maura.
'我一直陪伴左右,与您心心相印。'爱您的莫娜。
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在大学学习英语,坚持阅读英语美文是最好的学习方法,下面读文网小编为大家带来大学英语美文,欢迎大家阅读!
One day, when I was a freshman in high school, I saw a kid from my class walking home from school. His name was Kyle. It looked like he was carrying all of his books. I thought to myself, "Why would anyone bring home all his books on a Friday? He must really be a nerd." I had quite a weekend planned (parties and a football game with my friend tomorrow afternoon), so I shrugged my shoulders and went on. As I was walking, I saw a bunch of kids running toward him. They ran at him, knocking all his books out of his arms and tripping him so he landed in the dirt. His glasses went flying, and I saw them land in the grass about ten feet from him. He looked up and I saw this terrible sadness in his eyes. So, I jogged over to him and as he crawled around looking for his glasses, and I saw a tear in his eye. As I handed him his glasses, I said, "Those guys are jerks. They really should get lives.
当我还在上高一时,有一天,我看到我们班的一个孩子正步行回家。他叫凯尔。他似乎背着所有的书。我心想:“为什么有人在周五就把所有的书都带回家呢?他肯定是个书呆子。”我的周末计划得非常详细(先是派对,在第二天下午和我的朋友踢足球)。因此我耸了耸肩,走开了。正走着,我看到一帮孩子朝他跑去。他们追上他,把他所有的书都从怀里扔到地上并把他绊倒,结果他摔在污泥里,眼镜也被打飞了,我看到它落在离他10英尺远的草地上。他抬起头时,我看到他眼里极度悲伤的表情。因此,我慢步向他跑过去。在他爬着寻找眼镜时,我看到了他眼中的泪水。 我把眼镜递给他,说道:“那些家伙都是些蠢蛋,他们真该遭到报应。”
He looked at me and said, "Hey thanks!" There was a big smile on his face. It was one of those smiles that showed real gratitude. I helped him pick up his books, and asked him where he lived. As it turned out, he lived near me, so I asked him why I had never seen him before. He said he had gone to private school before now.
他看了看我,说:“嗨,谢谢了!”笑容在他脸上展现。正是这样的笑显示出了真正的感激。我帮他捡起书,问他住在哪里。原来他住得离我很近。于是我就问他,怎么以前我从没有见过他呢,他说在来这所学校以前他上的是私立学校。
We talked all the way home, and I carried his books. He turned out to be a pretty cool kid. I asked him if he wanted to play football on Saturday with me and my friends. He said yes. The more I got to know Kyle, the more I liked him. And my friends thought the same of him.Monday morning came, and there was Kyle with the huge stack of books again. I stopped him and said, "Dim boy, you are gonna really build some serious muscles with this pile of books everyday!" He just laughed and handed me half the books.
我们一路聊着回家,我帮他拿着书。他原来竟是一位非常讨人喜欢的孩子,我问他是否周六想跟我及我的朋友一起踢足球。他答应了。对凯尔了解得越多,我越是喜欢他。我的朋友也都这么认为。到了周一早晨,凯尔又要背上那个巨大的书包了。我制止他,说:“傻孩子,你每天背这么一大堆书,想练就一身强壮的肌肉呀!”他只是笑,并把一半书都递给了我。
Over the next four years, Kyle and I became best friends. When we were seniors, we began to think about college. Kyle decided on Georgetown, and I was going to Duke. I knew that we would always be friends, that the miles would never be a problem.
接下来的四年里,凯尔和我成为最好的朋友。到了高年级后,我们开始考虑上大学的事。凯尔决定去乔治敦,而我要去杜克。我知道我们永远都是朋友,距离决不会成为问题。
Kyle was valedictorian of our class. I teased him all the time about being a nerd. He had to prepare a speech for graduation. I was so glad it wasn't me having to get up there and speak.
凯尔是我们班致告别词的学生代表。 我总是取笑他是一个书呆子。他必须为毕业准备一个演讲。我很庆幸不是我要站在那儿演讲。
Graduation day, I saw Kyle.. He looked great. He was one of those guys that really found themselves during high school. He had more dates than me and all the girls loved him! Boy, sometimes I was jealous.
毕业日来临了——我看到了凯尔,他看起来帅极了。他是那些在高中真正把握住自己的人之一。他的约会比我还要多,几乎所有的女孩都喜欢他。 天哪,有时候我都有些嫉妒。
Today was one of those days. I can see that he was nervous about his speech. So, I smacked him on the back and said, "Hey, big guy, you'll be great!" He looked at me with one of those looks (the really grateful one) and smiled."Thanks," he said. As he started his speech, he cleared his throat, and began. "Graduation is a time to thank those who helped you make it through those tough years. Your parents, your teachers, your siblings, maybe a coach.... but mostly your friends. I am here to tell all of you that being a friend to someone is the best gift you can give him or her. I am going to tell you a story." I just looked at my friend with disbelief as he told the story of the first day we met. He had planned to kill himself over the weekend. He talked of how he had cleaned out his locker so his Mom wouldn't have to do it later and was carrying his stuff home. He looked hard at me and gave me a little smile. "Thankfully, I was saved. My friend saved me from doing the unspeakable."
今天就是这样。我能看出他对于演讲有些紧张。因此,我拍了拍他的后背,说:“嗨,大小伙子,你会很出色的!”他看了看我,带着那样的表情(真正出于感激的那种),笑了。“谢谢,”他说。开始演讲时,他清了清喉咙,开始说:“毕业的时候,你应该感谢那些帮助你度过最困难时期的人。你的父母、老师、兄弟姐妹、也许还有教练……但主要是你的朋友。我在这儿要告诉你们,做别人的朋友是你能给予他们的最好礼物。我要给你们讲一个故事。”我不敢置信地望着我的朋友,他讲的就是我们第一天相遇的故事。他本来打算要在那个周末自杀,他谈到自己如何把课桌收拾干净,把他所有的东西都带回家,这样就不用妈妈以后再收拾了。他直直地看着我,给了我一个笑容。“谢天谢地,我获救了。我的朋友阻止了我去做那不堪设想的事情。”
I heard the gasp go through the crowd as this handsome, popular boy told us all about his weakest moment. I saw his Mom and Dad looking at me and smiling that same grateful smile. Not until that moment did I realize it's depth.
当这位帅气的、受欢迎的男孩告诉我们有关他的最脆弱的时刻时,我听到人群中都深吸了一口气。我看到他的爸爸妈妈都看着我,带着同样感激的微笑。直到那时我才意识到它的深刻。
Never underestimate the power of your actions. With one small gesture you can change a person's life. For better or for worse.
决不要低估你的行动的力量,一个简单的举止也许会改变人的一生,无论是好是坏。
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有良好的英语阅读习惯更能够提高我们的英语阅读水平,下面读文网小编为大家带来高中英语美文阅读,希望大家喜欢!
It is alway a wonder-ful time to gaze at the beauty ofnature in the morning.
清晨,凝视着大自然的美景,总是美妙的。
It makes our minds become so peaceful and calm
这样会让我们的心变得宁静安然,
that all our worries and sorrows leave us at once.
忧虑和愁苦就会立刻远离我们。
But as residents of the city,
但是作为城市的居民,
we can hardly enjoy nature's morning beauty,
我们很难欣赏大自然的清晨美景,
despite the fact that we rise at dawn.
尽管我们黎明即起。
The morning peaceful atmosphere is in- variably spoiled by the usual city life.
清晨的宁静气氛总是会被惯常的城市生活破坏。
Even before daybreak
甚至在天还未破晓时,
the trams and buses have already begun to disturb the silence.
电车和公共汽车早已打破了寂静。
And the sounds made by the brooms of the street-sweepers are the typical noises
清洁工的扫帚声是典型的噪声,
that jar your ears in the early morning in the streets of a city.
在清晨的城市的街道,它刺激着你的耳朵。
Soon,school children and office workers begin to set off to their destinations.
不久,学生和办公室职员开始动身到他们的目的地去。
The streets are jammed by pubic vehicles and motorcars.
街上堵塞着公交车和小汽车,
The roads are all crowded with people of all ranks.
路上挤满了人。
Buses are packed with passengers who are squashed so tightly together
公共汽车里挤满了乘客他们挤得紧紧的,
that they seem to be tinned sardines.
看起来像是装在罐头里的沙丁鱼。
At this hour,the city everywhere is filled with all sorts of noises,
此刻,城市到处都混杂着各种嘈杂声,
adding to the rumbling of trams
再加上电车的隆隆声,
and the honks of the big and small motorcars,commercial vehicles,etc.
大小汽车,货车等等的喇叭声。
It seems the city in the morning
似乎早晨的城市
is like an exodus of all the citizens from their homes.
就像是所有市民从他们家成群结队地走出来。
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通过英语美文,不仅能够感受语言之美,领悟语言之用,还能产生学习语言的兴趣。下面读文网小编为大家带来初学者英语阅读美文,欢迎大家阅读欣赏!
My neighbor Mrs. Gargan first told me about it."Have you seen the tree?" she asked as I was sitting in the backyard enjoying the October twilight.
关于那棵树,最初是我的邻居加根太太告诉我的。“你见过那棵树吗?”她问道,当时我正坐在后院欣赏十月的暮色。
"The one down at the corner," she explained. "It's a beautiful tree-all kinds of colors.Cars are stopping to look. You ought to see it."
“就是下去拐角处的那棵”她解释说,“漂亮极了—五颜六色的。好多车路过都停下来看,你该去看看。”
I told her I would, but I soon forgot about the tree. Three days later, I was jogging down the street, my mind swimming with petty worries, when a splash of bright orange caught my eye. For an instant, I thought someone's house had caught fire. Then I remembered the tree.
我对她说我会去看的,可转眼就忘记了关于树的事。三天后,我顺着街道慢跑,脑子里充斥着恼人的小事,忽然,一片耀眼的橘红色映入眼帘,有一会儿,我还以为是谁家的房子着火了呢,但我马上想到了那棵树。
As I approached it, I slowed to a walk. There was nothing remarkable about the shape of the tree. a medium-sized maple. But Mrs. Gargan had been right about its colors.Like the messy whirl of an artist's palette, the tree blazed a bright crimson on its lower branches, burned with vivid yellows and oranges in its center. and simmered to deep red at its top. Through these fiery colors cascaded thin rivulets of pale-green leaves and blotches of deep-green leaves, as yet untouched by autumn.
我慢慢走近它.就像朝圣者缓缓步向神殿,我发现靠近树梢的地方有几根光秃秃的枝丫,上面黑乎乎的小枝像鹰爪一般伸向天空。枯枝上落下的叶子一片猩红,像地毯似的铺在树干周围。
Edging closer-like a pilgrim approaching a shrine-I noticed several bare branches near the top, their black twigs scratching the air like claws.The leaves they had shed lay like a scarlet carpet around the trunk.
当我靠近树时,禁不住放慢了脚步。树的形状并没有什么非凡之处,是一棵中等大小的枫树。但加根太太说得不错,它的色彩确实奇特,像画家调色板中斑斓的颇料,令人眼花缭乱。树底部的枝丫好似一片鲜红的火海,树的中部燃烧着明快的黄色和橘色,顶部的树梢又爆发着深红色。在这火一样的色彩中,流淌着浅绿的叶子汇成的小溪,深绿的叶子斑驳点缀其间,似乎至今末曾受到过秋天的侵袭。
With its varied nations of color, this tree seemed to become a globe, embracing in its broad branches all seasons and continents: the spring and summer of the Southern hemisphere in the light and dark greens, the autumn and winter of the Northern in the blazing yellows and bare branches.
这棵枫树集各种颇色于一体。如果一种颜色就是一个国家,枫树俨然成了一个缤纷的地球,它张开宽大的枝条,历数着四季轮回,容纳着五湖四海。深浅错落的绿叶,昭示着南半球的春夏,耀眼的黄叶和光秃秃的枝丫勾勒出北半球的秋冬。整个星球就围绕这一时空的交集点和谐运转。
As I marveled at this all-encompassing beauty, I thought of Ralph Waldo Emerson's comments about the stars. If the constellations appeared only once in a thousand years, he observed in Nature, imagine what an exciting event it would be. But because they're up there every night, we barely give them a look.
我为这棵树无所不包的美而惊叹不已。这时,我想起了著名作家拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生有关星星的评论。他在《自然》一书中写道:倘若星座一千年才出现一次,那么,星座的出现是一桩多么激动人心的事;可正因为星座每夜都挂在天上,人们才很少去看上一眼。
I felt the same way about the tree. Because its majesty will last only a week, it should be especially precious to us. And I had almost missed it.
对于眼前这棵树,我也有同感。它此时的华美只能维持一个星期,所以它对于我们就相当珍贵。可我竟差一点错过了。
Once when Emily Dickenson's father noticed a brilliant display of northern lights in the sky over Massachusetts, he tolled a church bell to alert townspeople. That's what I felt like doing about the tree. I wanted to become a Paul Revere of autumn, awakening the countryside to its wonder.
有一次,当埃米莉·迪金森的父亲偶然看见马萨诸塞州上空一道炫目的北极光时,他立刻跑到教堂鸣钟告知所有市民。现在,我也产生了同样的想法,我要向世人宣扬这棵树。我愿成为秋天的信使。让田园乡村每一个角落的人们都了解它的神奇。
I didn't have a church bell or a horse, but as I walked home, I did ask each neighbor I passed the same simple but momentous question Mrs. Gargan had asked me: "Have you seen the tree?"
可我没有教堂的大钟,也没有快马,但当我走在回家的路上,我会问遇见的每一位邻居加根太太曾问过我的那个极其简单又极其重要的问题:“你见过那棵树吗?”
初学者英语阅读美文相关
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