为您找到与西方礼节有哪些相关的共31个结果:
下面是读文网小编整理的西方餐桌上的礼节,欢迎大家阅读!
东方与西方进餐的习惯多有不同,特别是正式的西餐宴会,规矩颇多。如果对此一无所知,难免赔笑大方。
著名学者钱歌川先生曾经举过两个例子。
其一是在希特勒举行的一次宴会上,一位中国使节按照在国内进西餐的习惯,用餐巾去揩拭刀叉,殊不知这种做法极不礼貌,仿佛是责备刀叉不干净。希特勒一见之下,立即命令侍者将全体客人的餐具一律重新换过,使那位中国使节窘迫难堪。
其二是李鸿章出使德国时出的洋相。李鸿章应俾斯麦之邀前往赴宴,由于不懂西餐礼仪,他把一碗吃水果后洗手用的水瑞起来喝了。当时俾斯麦不了解中国虚实,为不使李鸿章丢丑,他也将洗手水一饮而尽,见此情形,其他文武百官只得忍笑奉陪。今天东西方人民之间的交往愈益频繁,了解餐桌上的礼仪也是十分必要。
参加西餐宴会时应该注意下列事项:
l.应等全体客人面前都上了菜,女主人示意后才开始用餐。在女主人拿起她的勺子或叉子以前,客人不得食用任何一道菜。这是美国人的习惯,同欧洲有些国家不同。
2.餐巾应铺在膝上。如果餐巾较大,应双叠放在腿上;如果较小,可以全部打开。餐巾虽然也可以围在颈上或系在胸前,但显得不大方,所以最好不这样做。可用餐巾的一角擦去嘴上或手指上的油渍,但绝不可用餐巾揩拭餐具。
3.进餐时身体要坐正,不可过于向前倾斜,也不要把两臂横放在桌上,以免碰撞旁边的客人。
4.使用刀叉时,应右手用刀,左手用叉。只用叉时,可用右手拿。使用刀时,不要将刀刃向外。更不要用刀送食物入口。切肉应 避免刀切在瓷盘上发出响声。吃面条时,可以用叉卷起来吃,不要挑。中途放下刀叉,应将刀叉呈“八”字形分别放在盘子上。如果把刀叉放在一起,表示用餐完毕。
5.取面包应该用手去拿,然后放在旁边的小碟中或大盘的边沿上,绝不要用叉子去叉面包。取黄油应用黄油刀,而不要用个人的刀子。黄油取出要放在旁边的小碟里,不要直接往面包上抹。不要用刀切面包,也不要把整片面包涂上黄油,而应该一次扯下一小块,吃一块涂一块。
6.吃色拉时只能用叉子。应用右手拿叉,叉尖朝上。如果上色拉的同时也上了面包、饼干的话,可以用左手拿一小块面包或饼干,帮着把色拉推上叉子。
7.吃鱼时可以用左手拿着面包,右手拿着刀子,把刺拨开。已经人口的肉骨或鱼刺,不要直接吐入盘中,而要用叉接住后轻轻放人盘中,或者尽可能不引入注意地用手取出,放在盘子的边沿上,不能扔在桌上或地下。水果核也应先吐在手心里,再放入盘中。
8.要喝水时,应把口中的食物先咽下去。不要用水冲嘴里的食物。用玻璃杯喝水时,要注意先擦去嘴上的油渍,以免弄脏杯子。
9.进餐时不要将碗碟揣起来。喝汤可以将盘子倾斜,然后用汤匙取食。喝茶或喝咖啡不要把汤匙放在杯子里。
10.吃饭,特别是喝汤,不要发出响声。咀嚼时应该闭嘴。
11.不要在餐桌前擤鼻涕或打嗝。如果打喷嚏或咳嗽,应向周围的人道对不起。
12.在饭桌上不要剔牙。如果有东西塞了牙非取出不可,应用餐巾将嘴遮住,最好等没有别人在场时再取出。
13.进餐时,始终保持沉默是不礼貌的,应该同身旁的人有所交谈。但是在咀嚼食物时不要讲话。即使有人同你讲话,也应咽下口中食物后再回答。谈话时可以不放下刀叉,但不可拿着刀叉在空中摇晃。
14.在餐桌上,一路的食物都应用刀叉去取。只有芹菜、小萝卜、青果、水果、干点心、干果、糖果、炸土豆片、玉米、田鸡腿和面包等可以用手拿着吃。
15.当侍者依次为客人上菜时,走到你的左边,才轮到你取菜。如果侍者站在你右边,就不要取,那是轮到你右边的客人取菜。取菜时,最好每样都取一点,这样会令女主人愉快。如果实在不喜欢吃某种菜,也可以说:“谢谢你,不要了。”
16.当女主人要为你添菜时。你可以将盘子连同放在上面的刀叉一起传递给她或者交给服务员。如果她不问你,你就不能主动要求添菜,那样做很不礼貌。
17.餐桌上有些食品,如面包、黄油、果酱、泡菜、干果、糖果等,应待女主人提议方可取食。大家轮流取食品时,男客人应请他身旁的女客人先取,或者问她是否愿意让你代取一些。进餐时,不能越过他人面前取食物。如需要某种东西时,应在别人背后传递。
18.用餐毕,客人应等女主人从座位上站起后,再一起随着离席。在进餐中或宴会结束前离席都不礼貌。起立后,男宾应帮助妇女把椅子归回原处。餐巾放在桌上,不要照原来的样子折好,除非主人请你留下吃下顿饭。
要使宴会从始至终充满愉快和谐的气氛,不仅客人要举止得当,彬彬有礼,男女主人的态度也至关重要。
宴会开始后,男女主人的责任是使席间的谈话始终活泼而风趣,每个客人都不受冷落。如果有人谈及不恰当的话,主人应立即巧妙地设法转移话题。
用餐时,主人应待客人吃完一道菜后,再换下一道菜。主人吃饭速度不可太快,如果多数人已吃完,而少数人尚未吃完时,更应放慢速度,以免使客人感到不安。
席间,主人应尽力使每位客人感到舒适自如。如客人将刀叉掉在地上。应立即礼貌地为他换一把。如果客人不慎打碎盘碗,女主人应镇静地收拾干净,安慰客人,绝不能显出不说之色。
最后,主人绝不能在客人面前计算请客所花费的费用。
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西方用餐,人们一是讲究吃饱,二是享受用餐的情趣和氛围,所以很注重餐桌礼仪。下面是读文网小编整理的英语版西方餐桌礼仪,欢迎大家阅读!
"Oh, no! Here I am at an American family's home at the dinner table. There are all kinds of plates, saucers, cups, and silverware at my place. Which should I use for which food? Should I sit down first or wait for the host to invite me? Should I have brought a gift? Someone please tell me what to do!"
“哦,糟糕!此刻我坐在一个美国人家里的餐桌前吃晚餐。在我眼前有各式各样的盘子、碟子、杯子和银制餐具。该用哪种餐具盛哪一道食物呢?我应该先坐下来还是等主人来招呼呢?我是不是应该带了礼物才来吗?有谁来教教我该怎么做!”
Have you ever been in or had a nightmare about this situation? Don't worry! This article will help steer you through the rocks and reefs of Anglo-American table manners so that if you are ever abroad in Canada or the United States, or at someone's home from one of those countries, you will feel right at home.
你是否曾经置身或经历过像这样可怕的情形呢?别担心!本篇文章将助你破除英美餐桌礼仪的重重障碍,如此一来,以后如果你出国到加拿大或美国,或到这两国人士的家中作客,便能怡然自得了。
It is important to distinguish what kind of occasion you will be attending before you plan for a pleasant evening. Most Anglo-Americans enjoy entertaining at home, but they don't enjoy stuffy, formal dinners. They invite their friends over for a fun evening, not as a test of one's knowledge of cultural traditions. If, however, you are invited to a formal affair, such as a so-called "sit-down" dinner, you may want to know in advance some basic rules of "black tie" etiquette.
在计划过个愉快的夜晚之前,先分清楚要参加的是哪一种场合是很重要的。大部分英美人士喜欢在家里招待客人,而不喜欢沈闷的正式晚宴。他们邀请朋友到家里来是为了过个快乐的夜晚,而不是要测试一个人的传统文化知识。然而,如果你应邀参加一个正式场合,例如所谓的“安排就座”晚宴,也许你会想事先知道一些正式宴会礼节的基本规范。
The first thing to remember when attending a dinner at a Western home is that you are the guest and that you are a foreigner. No one will invite you if he does not really want you to enter his "castle," so you can be sure that you are wanted. Additionally, as you do not come from the same country or culture as your host, he or she or they will surely be aware of this, and will be very forgiving if you unintentionally do or say something which would otherwise offend them. Keeping these two simple tips in mind should greatly ease your concern about being present at a dinner in someone else's home.
当你参加西方家庭的晚宴时,首先要记住的是:你是客人,而且是个外国人。如果不是真要让你进入他的“城堡”,人家不会邀请你,所以你可以确定你是受欢迎的。除此之外,因为你来自和主人不同的国家和文化,他或她或他们当然会明白这点,所以假使你无意间做了或说了某些冒犯他们的事时,他们会非常宽宏大量的。记住这两个简单的准则应该就能大大消除你到别人家用餐的忧虑。
Before arriving at your host's home, you may want to make sure of three things. First, be a few minutes late, say, about five to ten minutes if possible. Never be early, as the host may not have everything prepared yet. Nor should you be more than 20 minutes late. Your host may begin to worry about whether you are able to attend the dinner or not. Next, as to whether to bring a gift, in most informal gatherings, it is not necessary. If you like, you can bring some fruit or sweets, or, especially if there is a hostess, some flowers. These are thoughtful, cheerful gifts sure to please. Do not bring alcoholic beverages unless you are sure of your host's or hostess's preferences in drinks. Above all, do not spend a lot of money, and never give money. As we say in English, "It's the thought that counts." Finally, wear comfortable clothing. One can overdress as well as appear sloppy. For a special occasion or religious holiday, such as a retirement party or Christmas, a tie and jacket would be suitable for the gentlemen and a dress or sweater and skirt for the ladies.
在到达主人家之前,你可能要先确定三件事情。首先,要晚到几分钟,譬如说5~10分钟左右,如果可能的话。千万不要提早到,因为主人可能尚未一切就绪。但你也不要迟到超过20分钟,否则人家会开始担心你是否能来赴宴。其次,关于要不要带礼物,在大部分非正式的聚会中是不需要的。你若高兴的话,可以带一些水果或甜点,或者,尤其是有女主人的话,可以送一些花。这些都是体贴、令人愉快的礼物,一定会讨人喜欢。不要带酒类饮料,除非你确知主人或女主人偏爱什么酒。更重要的是,不要花太多钱,而且绝不要送礼金。就像我们在英文中说的 "It's the thought that counts."(“礼轻情意重”)。最后,穿着舒适的衣服。过度打扮以及显得邋遢都不好。在特别的场合或宗教节日,如退休宴会或圣诞节时,男士宜穿西装打领带,女士则穿洋装或毛衣加裙子。
For more formal affairs, you will probably be told what to wear, such as "formal dress requested," etc. A tie and jacket or tuxedo for the gents and an evening gown for the ladies would be in order here. If you are unsure what to wear, you can always ask the host. Gifts are seldom appropriate for these affairs, unless for a wedding reception, at which gifts are more customary than cash.
在较正式的情况中,你可能要照规定穿着,例如“请着正式服装”等等。此时,男士宜穿西装打领带或穿燕尾服,女士则穿晚礼服。如果你拿不准该穿什么服装,问主人就好了。在这些情况送礼通常不适当,除非是结婚宴席,在习俗上大多是送礼物而非现金。
Your host in his home will usually motion you where to sit. At formal gatherings, name cards are sometimes provided, or you will be told where to sit. Do not be alarmed by a great deal of cutlery: simply start from the outside and work your way in. Formal affairs often have several courses of food with the appropriate cutlery for each dish. There is no harm in checking with your neighbor to see what implement he is using. After all, "When in Rome, do as the Romans do." It is customary to ask others to pass dishes to you for self-serving; at a formal dinner party, there is usually catering (service). Again, do not hesitate to ask others for information or advice. They are usually pleased to help you.
屋里的主人通常会招呼你就座。在正式的聚会中,有时会摆出写上名字的卡片,要不然人家会告诉你座位。不要被一大堆刀叉餐具吓着了:只要由外往内按顺序使用就行了。正式宴会常会有几道菜须使用特定的刀叉餐具,这时不妨咨询一下邻座的人看他用什么餐具。毕竟,人总要“入境随俗”嘛。习惯上可以请别人将菜传给你自己来盛;在正式晚宴上则通常会有分菜(服务)。同样地,不要犹豫不敢向他人请益,他们通常都会很乐意帮助你。
The most important piece of advice is this: enjoy yourself. No host enjoys seeing nervous or fearful guests who are struggling to "do the right thing" at his home or expensive formal dinner party. Watch others or ask for their advice, and join in the conversation and good times as best you can. If you do, after the first such evening out, you will certainly look forward to the next!
最重要的一个忠告是:好好享受。作东的人都不乐于见到客人在他家中或昂贵的正式晚宴上,神情紧张或害怕地努力要让自己的举止合宜。观察别人或向他们请教,尽可能地融入谈话和欢乐当中。如果能做到这样,初次尝过甜头之后,你就一定会很期待下一次的晚宴了!
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无论您是出国旅游还是出差,如果有人邀请您参加正式宴会,那么您需要了解一些西方社交场所的基本礼仪。下面是读文网小编整理的西方人赴宴礼仪,欢迎大家阅读!
作为被邀请的客人,在宴会期间也有诸多应该注意的礼仪。因为一次宴会进行得好坏,不仅仅取决于主人是否热情好客,真诚待友,同时取决于客人是否以诚相见,彬彬有礼。因此,在赴宴的时候,也应该时刻注意自己的举止和言谈,掌握客人应注意的礼仪。作为被宴请的客人,在礼仪方面必须做到以下几个方面:
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交际场合,介绍客人相识是必不可少的礼仪。我们都学过 "this is...",但是何种场合使用何种称谓及用语以及相关的礼仪,却不是人人都知道。下面就把英美人士介绍客人时的一般礼仪和用语给大家介绍一下。
介绍时对双方的称谓和姓名以及用语,都要根据场合正式程序来选用。具体场合有三种.
1.正式场合:称谓和姓名用Dr./Professor/Mr./Mrs./Ms./Miss/ + First Name和Last Name。如:
(1)向地位较高的已婚女士介绍男士时可说:
Mrs. Carton, May I introduce James Harding. James, this is Mrs. Roger Carton (or Mrs. Jane Carton).卡尔顿夫人,请让我介绍詹姆斯·哈定。詹姆斯,这位罗杰·卡尔顿夫人(或:简·卡尔顿夫人)。
(2)向年长者介绍年轻的女士时可说:
Mr. Brown, this is Miss Patricia Haley. Patty, this is Mr. Edgar Brown."布朗先生,这位是帕特丽夏·哈利小姐。帕蒂,这位是埃德加·布朗先生。
(3)向长者介绍年轻的男士时可说:
Mr. Baker, this is Robert Green. Robert, this is Mr. John Baker.贝克先生,这位是罗伯特·格林.罗伯特,这位是约翰·贝克先生。
(4)向年长者介绍18岁以下的女孩时可说:
This is Linda Bell, Mr. and Mrs. Alan Ross.艾伦·罗斯先生和夫人,这位是琳达·贝尔。
PS:
①向长者介绍18岁以下的女孩时,介绍一方就行了。如例(4),琳达即可向罗斯夫妇问候。
②有时向地位高年龄大的人介绍自己的伙伴时,不用称谓和姓。如:
Allow me, Sir, to introduce you to my fellow travelers.先生,请容许我向你介绍我的旅伴。
2.较正式场合:用Dr/Professor/Mr./Mrs./Ms./Miss + 姓氏。如被介绍者是青年男女,通常用First Name和Last Name。如:
(1)Marie Green, let me introduce Professor Banks. Professor Banks, this is Marie Green. She's here to study for her doctorate in Law.玛丽·格林,让我向你介绍班克斯教授。班克斯教授,这位玛丽·格林,是来这里攻读法律博士学位的。
(2)下面是较正式场合常用的介绍用语。
Rosa Morison, I'd like you to meet Bruce Read. 罗莎·莫里森,我想请你见见布鲁期·里德。
Rosa Morison, have you met Bruce Read? 罗莎·莫里森,你见过布鲁斯·里德吗?
Rosa Morison, do you know Bruce Read? 罗莎·莫里森,你来同布鲁斯·里德认识一下好吗?
3.非正式场合:用被介绍者的First Name。如:
(1)美国人在非正式场合介绍双方时常用名字,有时介绍其父母时也只用名字。
"John, these are my parents, George and Sylvia." "Pleased to meet you." "约翰,这是我的父母,乔治和西尔维娅。""认识你们很高兴。"
(2)"Dad, this is my boyfriend, Kevin." "Hello, Kevin. Andrea's told me all about you." "老爸,这是我的男朋友凯文。""你好,凯文。安德莉总在我面前提到你。"
(3)"Hi, Jack, meet my brother Tom." "Hi there Tom! I didn't expect to see you here." "你好,杰克,这位是我哥哥汤姆。""你好,汤姆!没想到在这儿见到你。"
4.自我介绍的用语:
(A)用于正式的和较正式的场合:
Let me introduce myself. My name is Frank Darney, legal advisor to Netcape Com.
容许我来自我介绍.我叫弗兰克·达尼,是"网景公司"的法律顾问.
(B)用于非正式场合:
Hello, I'm Alan Simmons. I work in the Forbes Parent Company.大家好,我叫艾伦·西蒙斯。我在福布斯总公司工作.
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要是你认为西方人不迷信,那你就大错特错了。不同国家迷信内容或许不同,但几乎所有国家都存在迷信。我报博主整理了一份西方共有迷信清单,以方便大家深入了解西方文化与风俗。如果你知道更多的迷信内容以及其起源,可在评论区畅所欲言!
1. Bird pooing on you is good luck. 鸟粪掉身上是走运的象征
One theory of this is the sort of karma logic that assumes, if something bad happens to you, then something good must happen to balance out the karma.
这个理论是源于对因果报应的假设,如果你碰到一件糟心事,那么之后必要有好运来抵掉这件坏事以形成因果报应。
2. Friday the 13th is a bad day. 13号星期五不吉利(黑色星期五)
The reason that Friday 13th in particular is unlucky is due to the massacre of the Knights Templar by Phillip IV of France on Friday the 13th.
这一天之所以被视为不详之日是因为1307年10月13日(星期五)上午法国国王腓力四世下令逮捕并屠杀境内所有的圣殿骑士团成员。
3. A black cat crossing your path is considered bad luck. 路遇黑猫意味不详
In the old, superstitious days, witches could transform themselves into black cats. If one crossed your path, it meant a witch was watching you.
古时候人们迷信女巫们会化身为黑猫。所以如果你在路上碰见了黑猫,这意味着有女巫盯上你了。
4. Atchoo (bless you) 有人打喷嚏(要对他说上帝保佑你)
This comes from a plague that was spreading in 590 A.D. Italy where most people who sneezed would die. The pope urged others to bless such people and pray for them that they might become better.
这源于公元590年意大利的一场瘟疫。当时,很多打喷嚏的人都会死亡。教皇就提议大家为那些打喷嚏的人祈祷祝福希望他们可以恢复健康。
5. Crossing your fingers to wish for good luck 交叉手指期盼好运
One theory of this is that during the Hundred Years War between France and England, archers would cross their fingers before pulling the bow string in order to grant them good luck. Before that, it was also a secret sign between members of Christianity (when it was illegal).
一种说法是:在法英百年战争时,弓箭手在拉弓前会交叉手指以示好运。在此之前,这也是基督教徒之间的暗号(当时这样做是违法的)。
6. Never take the third light from a match, it's bad luck. 不能用同一根火柴点3次火
In World War I, snipers sometimes operated at night. Their technique involved waiting for someone to strike a match to light a cigarette; on spotting the light they'd train a scope on them. On the second light, the sniper would focus his shot, zooming in ready for the kill, on the third light, he would fire, killing the person who lit the match.
在一战期间,狙击手通常在夜晚作案。他们的作案技巧就是等有人点烟。第一次点烟时狙击手可以确定方位;点第二根时狙击手瞄准准备射杀;点第三根烟时,他就开火将点火之人打死。
7. Walking underneath a ladder is widely held to be bad luck. 从梯子下走不吉利
'Walking under a ladder' came about in England a few centuries ago when people drank more ale at lunch than ate food. Drunken sign painters were likely to dump a bucket of paint if you walked by or under their ladder and handymen would drop tools.
“从梯子下走不吉利”来源于英国几个世纪前发生的事。在晚餐喝了过多的麦芽酒而没吃多少食物之后,当有人路过梯子或是从梯子下走,喝醉了的画家们可能会将他们的油漆桶倒下去,杂务工要是喝醉了可能会将自己的工具丢下去。
8. Broken mirror will result in seven years bad luck. 破碎的镜子意味着之后7年的厄运
Breaking a mirror is bad luck because at one time mirrors were very expensive. If a palace maid broke a mirror she was sentenced to 7 years in prison.
打破镜子被人为十分不吉利,因为镜子曾经是很昂贵的。如果皇宫里的一名女佣打破了镜子,她将被判处7年牢狱。
9. Carrots help you see in the dark. 胡萝卜有助于提高夜视能力
This was part of World War II propaganda. The British had invented radar and we began bombing the Germans at night. The Germans, confused as to how we bombed them at night, started researching how we were doing it. The British government began to spread the rumor that it was the carrots in our ration packs that helped us see in the dark (Note: "in order" is rarely needed) to put the Germans off our trail. They figured it out eventually, but by that time, the rumor had already stuck.
这是二战期间的一个宣传。英国人发明了雷达并开始在夜晚轰炸德国。德国人就对英国人是如何在夜晚进行轰炸作业感到很好奇,并开始研究英国人是如何做到夜间瞄准的。英国政府就散布谣言说他们食用一定数量的胡萝卜来提高夜视能力来迷惑德国人。德国人最后发现了这只是个谣言,但到那时是这一说法已经被广泛接受了。
10. Spilling salt is a bad omen. 盐洒出来是不吉利的
Spilling salt is bad luck because in Roman times, salt was so valuable that soldiers were paid in salt rather than money. Spilling it was equal to burning money. I'm not sure where throwing a pinch of salt over your left shoulder negates the action of spilling, but I can tell you that it is where the word 'salary' came from.
盐洒出来是不吉利的象征。因为在古罗马时代盐是很珍贵的,士兵们的薪酬领的是盐而不是钱。洒出盐意味着烧钱。我不确定是否可以通过在左肩上撒点盐来消除背运或盐洒出的影响,但是我可以告诉你“薪水”(salary)一词来源于盐(salt)。
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美国的西餐,和欧洲许多国家也颇有不同。如果您到美国旅游,赴家庭宴会或在餐馆吃“正餐”时,请先注意下列一般原则:
1. 男女一起在餐馆用餐,通常由男方负责点菜(order)和付帐(pay the check or bill)。
2. 许多或天主教家庭饭前要由家中一员带领祷告(say a prayer or "blessing"),您即使不信教,也请跟着低头,以示礼貌和尊重。
3. 美国人宴客,是由女主人(或男主人)先拿起餐具进食,客人才跟着动餐具。
4. 如果您不喜欢递过来的菜肴时,只要说"No, thank you."即可。
5. 咀嚼食物,一定要避免出声。
6. 用过的刀、叉,必须放回盘子里,不能放在餐桌巾上。
7. 吃完主菜,把刀和叉平行地斜放在主菜盘(main plate)上,是向主人或侍者表示可以把主菜餐盘拿走了。
8. 席间要轻声谈些轻松愉快的话题,尽量避免一声不响地闷着头吃饭。
下面请看这一段模拟的席间对话:
Hostess: Would you like to have some more chicken ?
Guest: No, thank you. The chicken is very delicious, but I'm just too full.
Host: But I hope you saved room for dessert. Mary makes very good pumpkin pies.
Guest: That sounds very tempting. But I hope we can wait a little while, if you don't mind.
Host: Of course. How about some coffee or tea now ?
Guest: Tea, please. Thanks.
#p#副标题#e#餐位(Seating arrangement)
餐位的安排大致上如上图。原则上男主宾(Gentleman of honor)坐在女主人(hostess)右边,女主宾(lady of honor )坐在男主人(host)右边,而且多半是男女相间而坐,夫妇不坐在一起,以免各自聊家常话而忽略与其他宾客间的交际。
1. butter plate and knife奶油碟子和奶油刀。
2. dessert spoon甜点匙。
3. glass饮料杯。
4. salad plate沙拉盘。
5. napkin餐巾。
6. main course fork主菜叉子。
7. salad fork沙拉叉子。
8. main plate主菜盘。
9. main course knife主菜刀子。
10. soup spoon汤匙。
11. cup, saucer, and teaspoon茶(咖啡)杯、碟和茶匙。
结语:
记得要入境随俗(While in Rome, do as the Romans do.)对于吃西餐的规矩有疑问时,留意您的男女主人,照着他们的样子做,应该错不了。
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下面是读文网小编整理的西方国家的商务宴会礼仪,欢迎大家阅读!
◇ If your place is set with more than one fork, begin from the outside and work your way in.如果你面前摆了不止一把叉子,正确的顺序是由外到内依次使用。
◇When looking at the place setting in front of you, remember: solids on your left (bread plate), liquids on your right (water, ice tea, coffee).关于食物的摆放:你餐桌的左前方应摆放固体食物(如面包盘),右前方应摆放液体(如水、冰茶、咖啡)。
◇Cut your meat or meal one piece at a time; avoid dicing it into bite-sized pieces all at once.切肉或其他食物时每次只切一小块,而不应一次性全切成小块。
◇Hold your knife or fork with the thumb and three fingers, keeping the index finger extended on the handle.用拇指和另外三个手指拿刀叉,食指保持搭在手柄上。
◇Do keep your elbows off the table.不要把手肘放在桌子上。
◇When you speak, put your silverware on your plate, not on the table.讲话时,把餐具放在餐盘上,而不是餐桌上。
◇Don’t speak with your mouth full.满嘴食物的时候不要讲话。
◇Avoid talking about religion, politics and other controversial (有争议的)topics.用餐期间避免谈论关于宗教、政治以及其他争议性话题。
◇Maintain good eye contact.与他人保持眼神交流。
◇Do take your time eating, talking and especially listening to everyone at the table.除了用餐,以及和别人交流,尤其要在餐桌上倾听别人。
◇Don’t over indulge; this is not your last meal. And don’t ask to finish anyone else’s food.不要暴饮暴食,这不是最后一顿饭,也不要帮别人解决食物。
◇Don’t lick your utensils(餐具)or fingers.不要舔餐具或手指。
◇Do say “please” and “thank you,” waiters do notice.需要侍者帮助时,对他们说“请问……”和“谢谢”。
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随着世界贸易的发展,中西方之间的交流越来越频繁,因此和英美国家的人进餐成为一种趋势,学一些西方的进餐礼仪,何乐而不为?
欧美国家的餐桌大多是长方形,男主人(host)坐在桌子的一端,女主人(hostess)坐在另一端,通常安排座位时要尽量避免两位男宾或两位女宾并坐在一起。就餐时,身体要坐得端正,身体和餐桌间距离以能使用刀(knife)、叉(fork)、匙(spoon)和饮食方便为度,手臂不要放在桌上,也不要张开妨碍别人。餐巾只用于擦嘴和手,切不可用来擦拭餐具和擦鼻涕、擦汗。用餐完毕后收起餐巾放在盘子右方。
使用knife, fork和spoon时,不要弄出声音,不用时,也不要用手拨弄刀叉玩。
当一道菜吃完,或不想再吃时,就把刀和叉并排放在一起,刀叉的柄朝自己胸部。如未吃完,只是为了谈话暂时停吃,就把刀叉摆成“八”字形,这样服务员就不会把盘子收走。
女主人通常是主持整个宴会(party)的主人,大家注意她的动作。入席时,特别是小型宴会,一般总要等女宾先坐下后,男宾才坐下。男宾最好还要帮邻座的女宾拉椅子。上菜后,一般要等女主人动手吃后,客人们(guests)才吃。宴会结束时,也由她领头离席。
美国的西餐,和欧洲许多国家也颇有不同。如果您到美国旅游,赴家庭宴会或在餐馆吃“正餐”时,请先注意下列一般原则:
1. 男女一起在餐馆用餐,通常由男方负责点菜(order)和付帐(pay the check or bill)。
2. 许多__或天主教家庭饭前要由家中一员带领祷告(say a prayer or "blessing"),您即使不信教,也请跟着低头,以示礼貌和尊重。
3. 美国人宴客,是由女主人(或男主人)先拿起餐具进食,客人才跟着动餐具。
4. 如果您不喜欢递过来的菜肴时,只要说"No, thank you."即可。
5. 咀嚼食物,一定要避免出声。
6. 用过的刀、叉,必须放回盘子里,不能放在餐桌巾上。
7. 吃完主菜,把刀和叉平行地斜放在主菜盘(main plate)上,是向主人或侍者表示可以把主菜餐盘拿走了。
8. 席间要轻声谈些轻松愉快的话题,尽量避免一声不响地闷着头吃饭。
下面请看这一段模拟的席间对话:
Hostess: Would you like to have some more chicken ?
Guest: No, thank you. The chicken is very delicious, but I'm just too full.
Host: But I hope you saved room for dessert. Mary makes very good pumpkin pies.
Guest: That sounds very tempting. But I hope we can wait a little while, if you don't mind.
Host: Of course. How about some coffee or tea now ?
Guest: Tea, please. Thanks.
★餐具摆法
家庭或餐厅宴会时,餐具的种类和数量,因餐会的正式(formal)程度而定。越正式的餐会,刀叉盘碟摆得越多。本文所举的例子,适用于不十分正式的宴会(多数家庭式宴会属于此类)。
1. 叉子(forks)放在主菜盘(main plate)左侧,刀子(knives)、汤匙(spoons)摆在右侧。
2. 刀叉和汤匙依使用的先后顺序排列。最先用的放在离主菜盘最远的外侧,后用的放在离主菜盘近内侧。假如主人决定先上主菜再上沙拉,就要把主菜叉子放在沙拉叉子的外侧。
3. 沙拉盘放在靠主菜盘的左边。美国人通常把主菜和沙拉一起送上桌来,而不像法国人一样,主菜吃完以后才上沙拉。
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每个国家都有自己形成的特定的文化习俗及礼仪,今天读文网小编在这里为大家介绍西方国家主要习俗文化礼仪,希望这些能帮助大家了解西方国家文化习俗!
德国绝大多数都是德意志人。居民中信奉约占一半,另外有46%的人信奉天主教。
德国人德国人纪律严明,讲究信誉,极端自尊,待人热情,十分注重感情。爱好音乐。
重视称呼,是德国人在人际交往中的一个鲜明特点。对德国人称呼不当,通常会令对方大为不快。
一般情况下,切勿直呼德国人的名字。称其全称,或仅称其姓,也可以。和德国人交谈时,切勿疏忽对“您”与“你”这两种人称代词的使用。对于熟人、朋友、同龄者,方可以“您”相称。在德国,称“您”表示尊重,称“你”则表示地位平等、关系密切。
德国人对发型较为重视。在德国,男士不宜剃光头,免得被人当作“新纳粹”分子。德国少女的发式多为短发或披肩发,烫发的妇女大半都是已婚者。
德国人注意衣着打扮,外出时候必须穿戴整齐、清洁;见面打招呼必须称头衔,不直呼名字;约会准时,时间观念强;待人热情、好客、态度诚实可靠;宴席上,男子坐在妇女和地位高的人的左侧,女士离开和返回饭桌时,男子要站起来以示礼貌;请德国人进餐,事先必须安排好。和他们交谈最好谈原野风光,个人的业余爱好多为体育活动。接电话要首先告诉对方自己的姓名。
德国人最爱吃猪肉,其次才能轮到牛肉。以猪肉制成的各种香肠,令德国人百吃不厌。忌讳吃核桃。
如果同时喝啤酒和葡萄酒,要先喝啤酒,然后再喝葡萄酒,否则被视为有损健康。
在公共场合窃窃私语,被认为是十分无礼的。
在德国,蔷薇专用于悼亡,不可以随便送人。忌讳茶色、红色、深蓝色。
服饰和其它商品包装上忌用纳粹标志。
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小编说:中国的商务礼仪你可能很清楚,西方的商务礼仪你又懂多少呢?
In the Home
1) The Right Time to Arrive
When invited to luncheon, dinner, or supper, it is very impolite to arrive late, as it is usually planned to have the meal at the exact hour given in the invitation.
2) In arrival
When you arrive, the hostess or some member of the family will probably meet you at the door and take your coat and hat. In the winter time you should dress more lightly than usually, as you may expect the rooms to be warmer than in most Chinese homes.
3) In a few minutes the hostess will ask her guests to come in to dinner. She may or may not ask each gentleman to take a lady in. If she does, the lady will take the gentleman's arm as they walk into the dinning room. If she does not, the ladies will go in first, followed by the gentlemen. The hostess will either point out their seats to the guests as they come in or have a place card at each place with the guests name on it.
4) How Long to Stay
After the meal is over, it is not polite to leave for at least half an hour, lest you seem to have come only for the meal. An evening dinner invitation usually implies that you stay for the whole evening. The hostess often plans some after-dinner entertainment.
5) What to Say on Leaving
When leaving any kind of a party, a guest always expresses his appreciation to the hostess. Some such words as these are appropriate. "Thank you so much. I've had a delight evening."
Some Points for Men
1) With a Lady
Always allow the lady to precede you in places where one has to go before the other except in the following case: when getting off a street car, train, bus, or out of an automobile; when going up stair; when opening a heavy door. When you are walking along the street with a lady, always walk on the outside.
2) At a Dance
If you wish to dance with a certain lady, go to her, bow, and say:" May I have the pleasure of a dance?"
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摘录:如果你出国旅行过,你很可能回忆道各国文化之间的风俗和礼仪差异很大:在这个国家这种风俗礼仪无伤大雅但在另一个国家却显得冒犯之极,反之亦然。那么,在国外旅行时要注意些什么礼节呢?下面一起来看看吧。
If you’ve done any traveling at all, you’re likely quite aware that customs and etiquette differ from one culture to another: what may be perfectly innocuous in one place may be hideously offensive in another, and vice-versa.
如果你出国旅行过,你很可能回忆道各国文化之间的风俗和礼仪差异很大:在这个国家这种风俗礼仪无伤大雅但在另一个国家却显得冒犯之极,反之亦然。
Granted, even if you haven’t traveled at all, you’re probably aware of the fact that certain types of behavior aren’t exactly acceptable in other countries: belching at the table may be a sign of gratitude in some places, but in most areas of North America and Europe, such a display will earn you a fair bit of ire.
的确,即使你从不出去旅行,你可能也明白对于某些行为而言,换个国家真的接受不了:有的国家认为在饭桌上打嗝是对一顿美味的饱餐后表达自己的赞美之意,但在北美和欧洲的大部分地区,打嗝代表忿怒之意。
Whether you plan on traveling to any of the places listed below or just doing business with a foreign client, it’s important to educate yourself on the standards of politesse and etiquette beforehand—the last thing you want to do is offend someone with any ignorant, boorish behavior. Here’s how to be polite in 16 different countries:
不管是计划到如下所列的地点去旅行还是只与外国客户谈业务,自己先了解一下礼貌和礼节标准,千万不要因对礼仪的不了解以及粗鲁的行为而冒犯人。下文是关于如何在16个国家做一名有礼貌懂礼节的旅行者的注意事项。
1. Sweden
瑞典
Keep personal distance and don’t touch people when you talk to them. Ensure proper table manners, never discuss religion or politics, and try to maintain a level of quiet dignity. Silences during conversations are not considered uncomfortable, and it’s better to be a bit quiet, rather than overly verbose. When dining out, don’t drink before the host offers a toast, and don’t get drunk.
和人说话的时,要保持一定的距离不要碰到对方。注意正确的餐桌礼仪,不要讨论宗教或政治话题,还有尽量做到有自尊。在谈话中保持沉默并不会让人感到有不舒服的感觉,适当的安静比太过啰嗦反倒好。外出就餐时,主人端上面包之前不要喝酒,而且不要喝醉。
2. Mexico
墨西哥
When meeting others, women should initiate handshakes with men, but all people should avoid making too much eye contact; that can be seen as aggressive and belligerent behavior. If sharing a meal with others, keep your elbows off the table and try to avoid burping at all costs. Keep your hands off your hips, and make sure you never make the “okay” sign with your hand: it’s vulgar.
男女见面时,女人应该主动与男人握手,但不要有太多的目光接触;总有眼神接触会被看作是积极好战的行为。如果与他人一起吃饭,不要把你的手肘放在桌子上,不要打嗝。不要把手放在臀部上,而且不要做“OK”的手势,这个手势粗俗之至。
3. Germany
德国
Much like Scandinavian people, Germans tend to be reserved and polite. Ensure that handshakes are firm, and always 、address people with Mr. or Mrs. followed by their surname (“Herr” or “Frau” if you’re confident that you’ll pronounce them well). Decent table manners are of great importance, and be sure to say “please” and “thank you” often.
德国人和斯堪的纳维亚人一样都倾向于保守和礼貌。握手时要牢牢握紧,在姓前加上先生或太太的称呼(如果你对自己的德语发音自信的话,要用德语称呼“先生”或“夫人”)。良好的餐桌礼仪非常重要,“请”和“谢谢”一定要常挂嘴边。
4. China
中国
Be generous with saying “thank you” when someone does anything from pouring you tea to offering you a gift, and if or when you receive a gift, take it with both hands. If someone makes a comment about your weight/appearance/idiosyncrasy, try not to take it as offensive: it’s merely an observation on their part.
当有人给你倒茶给你送礼物时,不要吝惜说“谢谢”,并且如果你收到礼物或当你收到礼物时,要用双手接礼物。如果有人评论你的体重/外表/特质,尽量不要视为是有冒犯之意:那只不过是对你个人外表长相和性格特质的一种表象观察印象而已。
5. Pakistan
巴基斯坦
Be sure to dress modestly (especially if you’re female), and if you go out for a meal, eat with your right hand; the left is considered unclean. Sit on your left hand if you need to, but keep it away from your food. Don’t show anyone the bottom of your shoe, and try not to touch anyone with your feet.
穿着一定要得体(尤其是女性更要注意衣着得体这点),如果你出去吃饭,用右手吃饭;左手被认为是不洁净的。如果需要坐的话,坐在你的左手边,但左手不要碰食物。不要把脚抬起来,你的脚尽量不要碰到对方。
6. France
法国
Be sure to say “please” and “thank you” often, and always thank people for their time. If you need help at a shop, apologize to the staff for bothering them with a question, and be sure to thank them before you leave. Make sure that you chew with your mouth closed during meals, don’t speak when your mouth is full, and for goodness’ sake, don’t slurp anything!
一定要多说“请”和“谢谢”,而且总要对占用人家时间表示感谢。如果你在商店需要帮助,因问问题而打扰到店员要向店员表示歉意,在你离开之前一定要感谢店员的热心帮忙。在咀嚼食物时要闭着嘴嚼,不要在塞满满口食物时说话,拜托吃东西时不要出声!
7. Korea
韩国
Don’t be offended if a Korean woman merely nods instead of offering her hand to shake, and don’t extend yours to her. Never touch a Korean person while talking to them (unless you’re on very friendly terms), and maintain a respectable distance: personal space is rather vital. Try to avoid talking too much during meals, and offer to pay even if you know that the other party is treating you.
如果一个韩国女人只是向你点了点头而不和你握手,不要生气,也不要向她伸出手做握手的动作。和韩国人说话时不要有肢体接触的动作(除非你们的关系非常友好),并保持一段体面的距离:个人空间相当重要。就餐时尽量不要说太多话,并且即使你知道对方请你吃饭,你也要抢着付钱。
8. Japan
日本
When dealing with Japanese clients, be sure to dress fairly conservatively, and make sure that you bow lower than they do upon meeting them. Accept gifts with both hands (and open them later, not in front of the giver), and never blow your nose at the dining table. Avoid asking and answering direct questions: it’s better to imply rather than ask, and to answer with vagueness during conversations.
与日本客户打交道时,穿着一定要保守,并且在见面鞠躬时,你的身子要低于对方的身子。用双手接礼物(不要当面就打开礼物,回头再拆开礼 物),不要在餐桌上擤鼻涕。不要提问和回答很直接的问题:暗示性地问问题的方式比直接发问的方式好,对话时最好能语焉不详地回答。
9. Argentina
阿根廷
This is another country in which people will lean in close when they speak to you, and touch you often during a conversation. Pulling away is considered rude and “cold”, so be prepared to sacrifice your own personal space for the sake of social courtesy. Maintain strong eye contact, and don’t put your hands on your hips.
阿根廷这个国家的人和你说话时,也会和你靠得很近,并且在谈话时经常有身体接触的动作。说话时离得远被认为是无礼“冷漠”,所以,为了在社交时做到有礼貌要准备好牺牲自己的个人空间。要保持伴有眼神接触的动作,不要把手放在臀部。
10. The Netherlands
荷兰
Shake hands with everyone, ensuring that you smile and make eye contact while doing so. Make appointments for meetings and social functions well in advance (like, a couple of weeks in advance), and be punctual when you show up. Feel free to bring gifts such as chocolate or flowers when visiting people.
握手时要面带微笑并伴有眼神交流的动作。提前预约会议或社交活动的时间(如,提前两周预约见面时间),还要守时出现。与人见面时,随身带个小礼物,如巧克力或鲜花。
11. Russia
俄罗斯
Turning down an alcoholic drink is considered terribly offensive in Russia, so it’s a good idea to fortify yourself with some greasy food before heading out for a meal with Russian or Ukrainian clients. Don’t smile at strangers or they’ll think you’re deranged, and when paying for items, place your money on the counter rather than trying to hand it directly to the cashier.
在俄罗斯拒绝喝酒被视为非常无理的行为,所以与俄罗斯或乌克兰客户出去吃饭时,自己在出门的时候多吃些油腻的食物是一个好主意。不要对陌生人微笑否则他们会认为你疯了,购物付钱时,把钱放在柜台上不要直接把钱递到收银员面前。
12. Canada
加拿大
Canadians are (for the most part) polite, respectful, and fairly reserved people. It’s important to remember social niceties such as saying “please” and “thank you” when dealing with them, and if you open doors for people and offer firm handshakes, you’re sure to stay in the good books. When ordering food or drinks, never begin with “I want…,” as it’s considered rude and ignorant to do so.
多数加拿大人都很懂礼貌、尊重礼节并且是相当保守的人。记住社交细节这点很重要,如与他们打交道时说“请”和“谢谢”,并且如果你向大家敞开心扉并热情地握手,你肯定能给人留下好印象。在点餐或饮料时不要以“我想要…,”的句子开头,这样会显得你很粗鲁无知。
13. Italy
意大利
Dress formally and respectably in churches and upscale restaurants, and ensure that your table manners are impeccable. Be punctual, always be generous with social niceties, and under no circumstances should you ever be drunk in public. Say “please” often, and if possible, try to make at least a bit of an effort to learn a few Italian words and phrases.
在教堂和高档餐厅穿着要正式体面并确保你的餐桌礼仪做到无可挑剔。要始终记住守时这一社交细节,并且在任何情况下,你都不应该在公共场合醉酒。“请”字常挂嘴边,如果可能的话,尽量努力学习一些意大利单词和短语。
14. Nepal
尼泊尔
It’s best to dress modestly when traveling around Nepal, and if you end up exchanging gifts with others, never do so with your left hand. When it comes to sharing meals, use utensils so you avoid contaminating anything with implements that may have touched your mouth, and take care to remove your shoes upon entering someone’s home, or a temple.
环游尼泊尔时穿着最好要谨慎,如果你与别人交换礼物,不要用左手递送礼物。一起吃饭时,尽量不要用自己放在嘴里用过的餐具去夹饭菜,并且进入别人家里或者进入一座庙宇时要记得脱鞋。
15. The U.K.
英国
Like in Canada, people in the United Kingdom tend to be fairly polite and reserved. Possibly more so. Be very courteous in your speech, never address anyone by their given name unless invited to do so (always address them as Mr./Mrs./Miss followed by their surname to begin with), and ensure that you use proper table manners when sharing meals.
英国人和加拿大人一样都很礼貌、很保守,可能还有更礼貌和保守。说话时要很谦恭,除非别人力邀否则不要称呼他们的名字(在姓之前总要加上先生/夫人/小姐的称呼),并且在一起吃饭时,确保您使用正确的餐桌礼仪。
16. Brazil
巴西
Smile often, don’t be afraid to touch others during conversation, and be generous with the “thumbs-up” sign. Avoid the “okay” gesture (it’s offensive), and if you eat a sandwich, use a napkin to hold it rather than your bare hands. Don’t use a toothpick without covering your mouth with your free hand, and if you’re going to wear a tiny string Speedo on the beach, be sure to strut around in it.
经常微笑,在对话期间不要担心与别人有肢体接触的动作,并且要大方做出竖起“大拇指”这个动作。不要做“OK”这个手势(这个手势显得有些冒犯)。如果你吃三明治时,用餐巾包着吃不用手直接抓着吃。剔牙时要用手捂着嘴遮盖一下,还有如果你想要在沙滩上穿性感的泳衣,以防走光一定要遮挡一下。
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摘要:上总有些疯狂又诡异的迷信存在。据我所知,这类迷信数量极其庞大,您也可以自由补充。
01
It is bad luck to light three cigarettes with the same match.
用一根火柴点燃3根香烟,会带来厄运。
Yeah it is. And that bad luck is called cancer.
嗯没错。这个厄运的名字叫“癌症”。
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我国与西方国家在商务礼仪文化上有着很大的差异,所以接触到中西方的谈判要多注意,今天读文网小编在这里为大家介绍中西方在商务谈判中礼仪的差异,欢迎大家阅读!
由于历史等各方面的原因,各国在商务礼仪观念上有着一定的差别,不同国家对商务礼仪有着各自的概念,而如果不了解别的国家的商务礼仪,则很难使谈判顺利进行。因此,对各国的商务礼仪都要有一定的了解。
(1)时间观念上的差别
中国人的时间观念并不是很强,很多人都不能严格遵守约定的时间,不能准时赴约,对于这一方面中国人的随意性比较强。而外国人最注重的就是准时,他们一般不会随便迟到, 只有在确定自己有时间的情况下才会应允对方约会的时间,而且他们比较重视预约,通常与欧美的谈判活动应该至少要提前两个星期预约。如果已经定下来谈判的具体时间,没有特殊情况的前提下欧美人是不会变卦的。西方人比较喜欢在一段时间只做一件事,比如他们在谈判过程中会全神贯注,开门见山,且不喜欢别人打扰,他们力求在有限的时间内达到自己想要的目标,惜时如金。中国人则更喜欢通过多次非正式的会晤,对对方进行逐步深刻的了解,从而建立更好的合作关系。
(2)用餐礼仪的差别
中国有句古话叫“民以食为天”,可见饮食对中国的人的意义是何等的尊贵,因此中国人往往将饮食当做头等大事看待。但是他们对参加宴会的着装并不重视,一般情况下如果没有特别的要求,中国人会穿的比较随意。而在西方国家,他们参加宴会时的穿着是很讲究的,男士穿西装或是燕尾服,女士则应穿晚礼服,这样才算礼貌。中西方宴请礼仪也是各具特色的。中国人用餐时喜欢围坐在一起,有说有笑,还不时地给别人夹菜,另外,中国人的餐桌上必不可少的东西就是酒,人们喜欢以酒助兴,有时为了表示对对方的尊重,喝酒的时候都是一杯一杯地喝。在中国人眼里,吃饭只是一种形式,人们更重视的是借此机会增进感情。西方人用餐时喜欢比较安静浪漫的氛围,他们举止也很优雅,通常采用分餐制。西方人用餐时是很注意坐姿的,他们认为弯腰,低头或是用嘴凑上去吃都是很不礼貌的行为,主人也不提倡大肆地饮酒。
(3)语言习惯的差别
中国称呼亲戚的种类有很多,不同的亲戚有着不同的称呼,这样也便于理清楚详细的关系。而西方人的亲属称谓比较贫乏,不论辈分和年龄的差距,都可以直接称呼对方名字,以此表示平等和亲密的关系。中国人的思想观念是比较传统的,从小就教育孩子要懂得谦虚,当受到别人夸赞时,要说“哪里哪里”或者“您过奖了”。外国人却不会如此谦虚,当有人夸赞他们时,他们会很开心地说“谢谢”中国人遇到商务伙伴时习惯用中国式的方式问对方”吃了么?”等寒暄语以示关心,西方则希望通过交谈尽快了解对方的喜好,利于准确做出合适的方案。而这种寒暄用语却让西方人感到很困惑,他们认为对方想邀请他共进午餐,如果是未婚的男女之间,西方人则会以为对方是在发出约会的请求。4 中西方在商务谈判中容易发生的冲突表现
不同的国家,由于历史文化不同,对于礼仪的观念自然也就不同,这些观念体现在一个国家的国民性上。只有准确地了解中西方不同国家的国民性,才能有效地帮助我们在谈判中不误解对方,同时不被对方误解。
(4)称呼差异
中国人习惯于称呼自己尊敬的人,如“老爷爷”丶“老奶奶”丶“老先生”等来表示对对方的尊重。这里的老并不是年纪大的意思,而是象征着对方的经验丰富。但是,如果我们满怀敬意地用这种带有“老”字的称呼去和西方人谈话时,场面可能会适尴尬,甚至对方认为你在贬低他。在西方国家,“老”就意味着精力不济,走下坡路,有时候还是不中用的代名词。可想而知,当你用中国的习惯用语去称呼西方人时,对方会有多生气。在美国曾经发生过这样一个故事:在美国的一所有名的大学里,一名中国留学生在欢迎校长的母亲光临时,用中国的礼貌用语尊称她为“老妇人”,结果校长的母亲很生气,什么也没说就回去了。对她来说“老”就意味着魅力丧失。
(5)认识客观事物的思维差异
中国人在谈判中最注重的是面子,而西方人讲究的是利益,如果非要在面子和利益之间作出选择的话,中国人会毫不犹豫地选择面子。在加拿大曾经有过这样一个故事:西方的谈判人员要求中国方作出小的让步便可达成协议,并且对双方都有利,而那个年轻的国人让步是件很丢面子的事,就是不肯妥协,于是最终导致谈判失败。
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每个国家的文化背景都会有所不同,接下来小编为大家整理了西方商业文化的介绍,希望对你有帮助哦!
n the West, most companies have well-established and identifiable lines of organization. Larger companies have a clear division of corporate and field roles. Responsibility for all activities is well-established according to function.
在西方, 大多数公司都已形成自己的明确的组织体系。较大的公司对于公司总部和总部以外的业务活动也有清晰的划分。根据不同的职能明确各项职责。
Basically all employees at medium to large-sized Western companies have an official, documented job description. Titles are usually indicative of rank and status. Titles are normally used to describe various positions, but are not used when addressing the person.
在西方的大中型公司,基本上所有的雇员都有一个正式的工作描述档案。头衔通常表示级别和身份。头衔通常用于描述各种职位,但不用来称呼人。
Basically, all Western employees are covered by an employee contract, from a hamburger flipper to the CEO of a major corporation. All employee contracts are enforceable by law, and both employees and employers can be held liable for any unauthorized violation of a contract. The terms and conditions can vary widely from one company to another, from one profession to another, and from one position to another.
在西方,基本上所有的雇员都受劳动合同的保护,从卖汉堡的到大公司的首席执行官。所有劳动合同都受法律保护,雇员和雇主都要为违反劳动合同的行为负责。合同的条款和规定可以因公司的不同、职业的不同、 职位高低的不同而有所差别。
In the West, clear delineation and classification of job responsibilities are instrumental in creating a strong company culture. Everybody is accountable, from the head of the company down to the lowest-level employee. This approach creates a sense of direction, generates staff cohesion, and enhances morale.
在西方,明确工作性质和工作职责是营造浓厚的、良好的企业文化的基础。从最高层的领导到最低层的员工,人人树立责任感。这利于全体员工明确方向,增强员工凝聚力,并鼓舞士气。Yes的感觉。
When meeting someone in a Western business setting, conversation usually remains focused on business matters and business topics. Family and/or personal matters are not brought up, especially the first time you meet. Conversations stick to the business purpose at hand and remain objective and professional.
当在西方的商务场合中会见某人时,对话通常围绕着一些商业问题或商业话题,而不会涉及家庭和个人问题,特别是第一次见面时。对话会紧扣眼前的商业目标, 从而保持它的客观性和专业性。
Western clients and customers are not expecting an overly friendly conversation when they make a business call. They expect some degree of professionalism. If the person answering the call is too lackadaisical, unenthusiastic or indifferent, they may hang up and take their business someplace else!
西方的客户或顾客在打商务电话时不希望对方过度友好。他们希望职业化些。如果接电话的人很庸懒,缺乏热情或是漠然,他们会挂掉而去找别的客户。
In Western business culture, making an appointment is commonplace for most business dealings. Most company personnel are on a tight schedule, and it saves your time and theirs by planning ahead and scheduling appointments.
在西方的商业文化中,进行预约在商业活动中是常见的。绝大多数商务人员都有一个排得紧紧的时间表。提前计划和预约有助于节省你和他人的时间。
Project management is a key methodology that Western businesses use on a regular basis to solve problems, to launch new products and services, and to maximize the use of personnel. Project management teams are usually comprised of members who have the highly specialized skills appropriate for the project and who can perform at maximum efficiency for the company.
项目管理是一门科学理论,西方企业运用这一理论来解决问题,指导新产品或服务投放市场,也用来指导人员的最佳化配置。项目管理小组通常由以下人员组成:具有合乎项目需要的专业技术人员和能为公司带来最大效率的员工。
or many Western employees, praise and criticism are also tied to a regular review process (often an annual review), where they can be rewarded if their work quality has achieved or exceeded company standards. Most Western companies avoid negative criticism because it can be demoralizing and counter-productive.
对于很多西方雇员来说,赞赏和批评都在定期的审查程序里(通常是每年一次的审查)。在审查中,如果他们的工作质量达到或超过公司标准的话,他们就能得到奖励。大部分西方国家的公司一般都避免负面消极的批评,否则就会挫伤士气,达到适得其反的效果。
Most Western companies are fairly strict about employees wearing the proper business attire and presenting themselves in a professional way. This applies to all white-collar employees, and sometimes to blue-collar workers as well. In some cases, employees may be required to wear some kind of company uniform. Any employee who refuses to adhere to company policy can be disciplined.
许多西方公司对于自己雇员的得体着装及言行举止都有着严格的限定。这些规定不仅适用于白领阶层,而且有时也适用于蓝领阶层。在有些情况下,公司要求雇员们只能穿公司的制服。任何不遵守公司规定的人要受到处罚。
Gossiping is human nature. Lots of people do it. Mild gossip is usually harmless, but excessive gossip should be avoided, especially in a business environment. Although Western companies tolerate gossip, they do not encourage it, and they are definitely against rumors and rumor-mongering.
闲谈是人类的天性。很多人都参与闲谈。适当的闲谈通常没有坏处,但过分的闲谈是应该避免的,特别是在工作环境里。虽然西方国家的公司接受闲谈,但他们不鼓励,而且他们坚决反对谣言及散布谣言。
In most Western businesses, employee expenses are the single largest cost of doing business. Western salaries and benefits usually constitute at least 50% of a company’s expenses. For each employee, the company pays base salary, makes contributions for pension plans, medical plans, etc., and pays for office space, furniture, supplies, etc. In addition, they cover the cost of other benefits (paid vacations, sick days, etc.) with no productivity gained.
在绝大多数西方公司中,员工费用是企业经营中的最大项支出。西方的工资和福利通常至少要占公司支出的50%。公司为每位员工支付基本工资、养老基金、医疗保险等,还要支付办公场地、家具、办公用品的费用等。另外还要保障其他福利(带薪假期、病假等)
It’s quite common practice for Western businesses to lay off employees during times of economic upheaval, company reorganization / restructuring, and downsizing. There is no great stigma associated with being laid off. When employees are laid off, they are usually given a package to ease the pain of being severed from the company.
在西方商界,每逢经济动荡、公司重组或缩减规模时,就会裁员。所以下岗并不是件可耻的事情。员工下岗时通常会得到一笔补偿金以安抚他们被迫离开公司的痛苦心情。
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在外贸交往中也会有许多的礼节。小编为大家整理了外贸交际礼节英语句子,希望对你有帮助哦!
What would you like to drink?
现在我提议,为了…和…之间的合作,为了…参议员的健康,干杯!
At this point, I propose a toast: to the cooperation between … And … , to the health of Senator…, cheers!
最后,我借主人的酒,提议为…干杯!
Lastly, taking up this glass of fine wine, I propose a toast to …
请各位举杯并同我一起为所有在座的朋友们的健康干杯!
I'd ask you to raise your glass and join me in a toast ot the health of all our friends present here.
敬您一杯!
Here's to you!
祝你健康!
To your health!
我要为此干杯!
I'll drink to that!
随量!
Whatever you like!
我失陪一会儿!
Excuse me for a minute.
菜不好,请多多包涵!
Hope you enjoy yourself.
女士们先生们,欢迎各位光临,演出很快就要开始了,请尽快就坐。
Ladies and gentlemen, good evening. The concert/show would start soon. Please get yourself seated. Thank you.
招待会现在开始。
The reception will now begin.
全体起立,奏国歌!
All rise please. For the P.R.C.National Anthem!
出席今天招待会的贵宾有…
The distinguished guests paarticipating the reception are …
现在请…讲话
I have the honour to call upon …
开幕式现在结束。
This concludes the opening ceremony.
隆重庆祝
Grand celebration
庆祝成立…一周年
Celebrating the 1st Anniversary of the Establishment of …
热烈祝贺第一届…锦标赛
Hail the first FIFA of …
值此节日之际致以节日的祝贺!
On the occasion of the season, I would like to extend season's greetings.
祝您工作顺利、事业成功、身体健康、家庭幸福!
请…发言。
I invite the representative of …To take the floor.
下面我给各位简要介绍一下北京的经济情况
Now I would like to give you a brief overview of Beijing's economy.
我的介绍完了,谢谢!
That's all for my presentation.thank you.
我先说这么多。
So much for my remarks for now.
我要说的就是这些。
That's all for what I want to say.
您看是先谈原则问题呢,还是先谈具体问题?
I wonder if you would like to start with matters of principle or specific issues?
让我先谈一个问题。
If you agree(With your permission), let me start with one issue
在谈那个问题之前我想对您刚才讲的话谈点看法。
Before we trun to that issue, I wish to make a few comments/remarks on your presentation.
您对此事怎么看呢?
I wish to benefit from your views on this matter./ What is your view on this matter?/ How do you see this matter?
我提议休会十分钟。
I propose a ten-minute break.
我想接着刚才的问题讲下去。
I will pick up where we left off just now.
对不起,我插一句。
Sorry for the interruption but
当然可以!
By all means.
怎么都行!
Whatever you say.
我没有异议。
I have no objection.
我方对这个问题有异议。
We take exception to this question.
我们高兴地看到…
We note with pleasure that …
这个日期贵方觉得合适吗?
I wonder if this date wuld be suitable for you?
不知你们上午谈的怎样?
I wonder how the meeting went this morning?
我方很希望贵方能尽早给予肯定的答复。
We would greatlyl appreciate it if you could give us your favourable and prompt commitment as soonas possible.
请你们务必在8月1日前提出意向书。
You are kindly requested to submit the letter of intent on the date no later than 1st August.
纠缠这个问题。
Entangle this issue.
提倡节约
Advocate/uphold thriftiness
为了国家的繁荣
For the sake of national property
经受了时间考验的友谊给我留下了很深的印象。
The time-tested friendship leave me a deep impression.
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在商务活动中,为了体现相互尊重,需要通过一些行为准则去约束人们在商务活动中的方方面面。接下来小编为大家整理了商务交际礼节的英语套语,希望对你有帮助哦!
我代表北京市政府欢迎各位朋友访问北京. On behalf of the Beijing Municipal government, I wish to extend our warm welcome to the friends who have come to visit Beijing.
对您的大力协助,我谨代表北京市政府表示衷心的感谢。 On behalf of the Beijing Municipal government, I wish to express our heartfelt thanks to you for your gracious assistance.
在北京过得怎么样? How are you making out in Beijing?
我一定向他转达您的问候和邀请. I’ll surely remember you and your invitation to him.
欢迎美商来北京投资. American businessmen are welcome to make investment in Beijing.
欢迎多提宝贵意见. Your valuable advice is most welcome.
不虚此行 It’s a rewarding trip.
您的日程很紧,我们的会见是否就到此为止. As you have a tight schedule, I will not take up more of your time.
请代我问候...先生 please remember me to Mr.
感谢光临 Thank you so much for coming.
欢迎再来 Hope you’ll come again.
欢迎以后多来北京 Hope you’ll visit Beijing more often.
请留步,不用送了. I will see myself out, please.
多保重 Take care.
祝您一路平安. Have a nice trip.
愿为您效劳。 At your service.
为…举行宴会/宴请 host a dinner/banquet/luncheon in honor of …
欢迎宴会 welcome dinner
便宴 informal dinner
午宴(附有情况介绍或专题演讲等内容) luncheon
便餐 light meal
工作午餐 working luncheon
自助餐 buffet dinner/luncheon
答谢宴会 return dinner
告别宴会 farewell dinner
庆功宴 glee feast
招待会 reception
庆祝中华人民共和国成立四十五周年招待会 Reception Celebrating the 45th Anniversary of the Founding of the People’s Republic of China
鸡尾酒会 cocktail party
茶话会 tea party
包餐/点餐 table d’hote/a la carte
上菜 serve a courst
您的位置在这里 Here is your seat.
请入席 Please have a seat.
欢聚一堂 enjoy this happy get-together
请随便 Please yourself at home./Please enjoy yourself.
请各位随意用餐 Help yourself please.
您喝点什么? what would you like to drink?
现在我提议,为了…和…之间的合作,为了…参议员的健康,干杯! At this point, I propose a toast: to the cooperation between … and … , to the health of Senator…, cheers!
最后,我借主人的酒,提议为…干杯! Lastly, taking up this glass of fine wine, I propose a toast to …
请各位举杯并同我一起为所有在座的朋友们的健康干杯! I’d ask you to raise your glass and join me in a toast ot the health of all our friends present here.
敬您一杯。 Here’s to you.
祝你健康 To your health.
我要为此干杯 I’ll drink to that!
随量 Whatever you like.
我失陪一会儿 Excuse me for a minute.
菜不好,请多多包涵 Hope you enjoy yourself.
女士们先生们,欢迎各位光临,演出很快就要开始了,请尽快就坐。
Ladies and gentlemen, good evening. The concert/show would start soon. Please get yourself seated. Thank you.
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西方国家,是指西方意识形态占主流的国家。在不同的场合和不同的时间有着不同的定义。但一般而言,它是指澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰、美国和西欧,统治血统为白人。那么你知道西方国家用英语怎么说吗? 下面跟着读文网小编一起来学习一下吧。
1. The religious conservatives are not enamoured of the West and its values.
宗教保守派人士不喜欢西方国家及其价值观。
2. Western suppliers too are competing avidly for business abroad.
西方国家的供应商也在疯狂抢夺国外商机。
3. Both nations are seeking closer links with the West.
两国都在寻求与西方国家建立更为紧密的联系。
4. The West has an interest in promoting democratic forces in Eastern Europe.
东欧民主力量的发展与西方国家利害攸关。
5. The West must back up its verbal support with substantial economic aid.
西方国家必须以切实的经济援助来兑现他们的口头支持。
6. He also believed in coexistence with the West.
他还相信他们能与西方国家共存。
7. Many writers, threatened with imprisonment, have defected to the West.
由于有被监禁的威胁, 许多作家投向了西方国家.
8. The company's sales are now close to saturation in many western countries.
这家公司的产品销售量在许多西方国家已接近饱和.
9. Many Asians are migrating to the West.
许多亚洲人移民去了西方国家.
10. He had warned the West against trying to dictate to the Soviet Union.
他警告西方国家不要试图对苏联发号施令。
11. In his celebration speech, he issued a stark warning to Washington and other Western capitals.
在他的庆祝演说中,他向华盛顿和其他西方国家提出了严正警告。
12. They were cut off from the West in 1948 when their government closed that border crossing.
1948年政府关闭那个边境关口之后,他们便与西方国家隔绝开了。
13. Moral as well as financial support was what the West should provide.
西方国家应该提供道义支持和经济援助。
14. During the second world war,Japanese were interned in camps in the West.
第二次世界大战期间,日本士兵被扣留在西方国家的阵营里。
15. In Western countries girls are far less likely to offend than boys.
在西方国家,女孩的犯罪倾向远低于男孩。
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西方节日指西方国家一年中的节日。包括圣诞节、万圣节等。不少西方节日都深受现在青少年的喜爱,那么你知道西方节日用英语怎么说吗? 下面跟着读文网小编一起来学习一下吧。
Western holidays
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西方英语散文精炼优美,朴素自然,感情浓郁,使读者在品读优美文字的同时领略西方文化,感受浪漫情怀。下面读文网小编为大家带来西方英语散文阅读,欢迎阅读欣赏!
Catch the star that holds your destiny, the one that forever twinkles within your heart. Take advantage of precious opportunities while they still sparkle before you. Always believe that your ultimate goal is attainable as long as you commit yourself to it.
Though barriers may sometimes stand in the way of your dreams, remember that your destiny is hiding behind them. Accept the fact that not everyone is going to approve of the choices you’ve made. Have faith in your judgment. Catch the star that twinkles in your heart and it will lead you to your destiny’s path. Follow that pathway and uncover the sweet sunrises that await you.
Take pride in your accomplishments, as they are stepping stones to your dreams. Understand that you may make mistakes, but don’t let them discourage you. Value your capabilities and talents for they are what make you truly unique. The greatest gifts in life are not purchased, but acquired through hard work and determination. Find the star that twinkles in your heart—for you alone are capable of making your brightest dreams come true. Give your hopes everything you’ve got and you will catch the star that holds your destiny.
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