为您找到与西方国家的礼仪有哪些相关的共148个结果:
每个国家都有自己形成的特定的文化习俗及礼仪,今天读文网小编在这里为大家介绍西方国家主要习俗文化礼仪,希望这些能帮助大家了解西方国家文化习俗!
德国绝大多数都是德意志人。居民中信奉约占一半,另外有46%的人信奉天主教。
德国人德国人纪律严明,讲究信誉,极端自尊,待人热情,十分注重感情。爱好音乐。
重视称呼,是德国人在人际交往中的一个鲜明特点。对德国人称呼不当,通常会令对方大为不快。
一般情况下,切勿直呼德国人的名字。称其全称,或仅称其姓,也可以。和德国人交谈时,切勿疏忽对“您”与“你”这两种人称代词的使用。对于熟人、朋友、同龄者,方可以“您”相称。在德国,称“您”表示尊重,称“你”则表示地位平等、关系密切。
德国人对发型较为重视。在德国,男士不宜剃光头,免得被人当作“新纳粹”分子。德国少女的发式多为短发或披肩发,烫发的妇女大半都是已婚者。
德国人注意衣着打扮,外出时候必须穿戴整齐、清洁;见面打招呼必须称头衔,不直呼名字;约会准时,时间观念强;待人热情、好客、态度诚实可靠;宴席上,男子坐在妇女和地位高的人的左侧,女士离开和返回饭桌时,男子要站起来以示礼貌;请德国人进餐,事先必须安排好。和他们交谈最好谈原野风光,个人的业余爱好多为体育活动。接电话要首先告诉对方自己的姓名。
德国人最爱吃猪肉,其次才能轮到牛肉。以猪肉制成的各种香肠,令德国人百吃不厌。忌讳吃核桃。
如果同时喝啤酒和葡萄酒,要先喝啤酒,然后再喝葡萄酒,否则被视为有损健康。
在公共场合窃窃私语,被认为是十分无礼的。
在德国,蔷薇专用于悼亡,不可以随便送人。忌讳茶色、红色、深蓝色。
服饰和其它商品包装上忌用纳粹标志。
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美国的西餐,和欧洲许多国家也颇有不同。如果您到美国旅游,赴家庭宴会或在餐馆吃“正餐”时,请先注意下列一般原则:
1. 男女一起在餐馆用餐,通常由男方负责点菜(order)和付帐(pay the check or bill)。
2. 许多或天主教家庭饭前要由家中一员带领祷告(say a prayer or "blessing"),您即使不信教,也请跟着低头,以示礼貌和尊重。
3. 美国人宴客,是由女主人(或男主人)先拿起餐具进食,客人才跟着动餐具。
4. 如果您不喜欢递过来的菜肴时,只要说"No, thank you."即可。
5. 咀嚼食物,一定要避免出声。
6. 用过的刀、叉,必须放回盘子里,不能放在餐桌巾上。
7. 吃完主菜,把刀和叉平行地斜放在主菜盘(main plate)上,是向主人或侍者表示可以把主菜餐盘拿走了。
8. 席间要轻声谈些轻松愉快的话题,尽量避免一声不响地闷着头吃饭。
下面请看这一段模拟的席间对话:
Hostess: Would you like to have some more chicken ?
Guest: No, thank you. The chicken is very delicious, but I'm just too full.
Host: But I hope you saved room for dessert. Mary makes very good pumpkin pies.
Guest: That sounds very tempting. But I hope we can wait a little while, if you don't mind.
Host: Of course. How about some coffee or tea now ?
Guest: Tea, please. Thanks.
#p#副标题#e#餐位(Seating arrangement)
餐位的安排大致上如上图。原则上男主宾(Gentleman of honor)坐在女主人(hostess)右边,女主宾(lady of honor )坐在男主人(host)右边,而且多半是男女相间而坐,夫妇不坐在一起,以免各自聊家常话而忽略与其他宾客间的交际。
1. butter plate and knife奶油碟子和奶油刀。
2. dessert spoon甜点匙。
3. glass饮料杯。
4. salad plate沙拉盘。
5. napkin餐巾。
6. main course fork主菜叉子。
7. salad fork沙拉叉子。
8. main plate主菜盘。
9. main course knife主菜刀子。
10. soup spoon汤匙。
11. cup, saucer, and teaspoon茶(咖啡)杯、碟和茶匙。
结语:
记得要入境随俗(While in Rome, do as the Romans do.)对于吃西餐的规矩有疑问时,留意您的男女主人,照着他们的样子做,应该错不了。
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随着世界贸易的发展,中西方之间的交流越来越频繁,因此和英美国家的人进餐成为一种趋势,学一些西方的进餐礼仪,何乐而不为?
欧美国家的餐桌大多是长方形,男主人(host)坐在桌子的一端,女主人(hostess)坐在另一端,通常安排座位时要尽量避免两位男宾或两位女宾并坐在一起。就餐时,身体要坐得端正,身体和餐桌间距离以能使用刀(knife)、叉(fork)、匙(spoon)和饮食方便为度,手臂不要放在桌上,也不要张开妨碍别人。餐巾只用于擦嘴和手,切不可用来擦拭餐具和擦鼻涕、擦汗。用餐完毕后收起餐巾放在盘子右方。
使用knife, fork和spoon时,不要弄出声音,不用时,也不要用手拨弄刀叉玩。
当一道菜吃完,或不想再吃时,就把刀和叉并排放在一起,刀叉的柄朝自己胸部。如未吃完,只是为了谈话暂时停吃,就把刀叉摆成“八”字形,这样服务员就不会把盘子收走。
女主人通常是主持整个宴会(party)的主人,大家注意她的动作。入席时,特别是小型宴会,一般总要等女宾先坐下后,男宾才坐下。男宾最好还要帮邻座的女宾拉椅子。上菜后,一般要等女主人动手吃后,客人们(guests)才吃。宴会结束时,也由她领头离席。
美国的西餐,和欧洲许多国家也颇有不同。如果您到美国旅游,赴家庭宴会或在餐馆吃“正餐”时,请先注意下列一般原则:
1. 男女一起在餐馆用餐,通常由男方负责点菜(order)和付帐(pay the check or bill)。
2. 许多__或天主教家庭饭前要由家中一员带领祷告(say a prayer or "blessing"),您即使不信教,也请跟着低头,以示礼貌和尊重。
3. 美国人宴客,是由女主人(或男主人)先拿起餐具进食,客人才跟着动餐具。
4. 如果您不喜欢递过来的菜肴时,只要说"No, thank you."即可。
5. 咀嚼食物,一定要避免出声。
6. 用过的刀、叉,必须放回盘子里,不能放在餐桌巾上。
7. 吃完主菜,把刀和叉平行地斜放在主菜盘(main plate)上,是向主人或侍者表示可以把主菜餐盘拿走了。
8. 席间要轻声谈些轻松愉快的话题,尽量避免一声不响地闷着头吃饭。
下面请看这一段模拟的席间对话:
Hostess: Would you like to have some more chicken ?
Guest: No, thank you. The chicken is very delicious, but I'm just too full.
Host: But I hope you saved room for dessert. Mary makes very good pumpkin pies.
Guest: That sounds very tempting. But I hope we can wait a little while, if you don't mind.
Host: Of course. How about some coffee or tea now ?
Guest: Tea, please. Thanks.
★餐具摆法
家庭或餐厅宴会时,餐具的种类和数量,因餐会的正式(formal)程度而定。越正式的餐会,刀叉盘碟摆得越多。本文所举的例子,适用于不十分正式的宴会(多数家庭式宴会属于此类)。
1. 叉子(forks)放在主菜盘(main plate)左侧,刀子(knives)、汤匙(spoons)摆在右侧。
2. 刀叉和汤匙依使用的先后顺序排列。最先用的放在离主菜盘最远的外侧,后用的放在离主菜盘近内侧。假如主人决定先上主菜再上沙拉,就要把主菜叉子放在沙拉叉子的外侧。
3. 沙拉盘放在靠主菜盘的左边。美国人通常把主菜和沙拉一起送上桌来,而不像法国人一样,主菜吃完以后才上沙拉。
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下面是读文网小编整理的西方国家的商务宴会礼仪,欢迎大家阅读!
◇ If your place is set with more than one fork, begin from the outside and work your way in.如果你面前摆了不止一把叉子,正确的顺序是由外到内依次使用。
◇When looking at the place setting in front of you, remember: solids on your left (bread plate), liquids on your right (water, ice tea, coffee).关于食物的摆放:你餐桌的左前方应摆放固体食物(如面包盘),右前方应摆放液体(如水、冰茶、咖啡)。
◇Cut your meat or meal one piece at a time; avoid dicing it into bite-sized pieces all at once.切肉或其他食物时每次只切一小块,而不应一次性全切成小块。
◇Hold your knife or fork with the thumb and three fingers, keeping the index finger extended on the handle.用拇指和另外三个手指拿刀叉,食指保持搭在手柄上。
◇Do keep your elbows off the table.不要把手肘放在桌子上。
◇When you speak, put your silverware on your plate, not on the table.讲话时,把餐具放在餐盘上,而不是餐桌上。
◇Don’t speak with your mouth full.满嘴食物的时候不要讲话。
◇Avoid talking about religion, politics and other controversial (有争议的)topics.用餐期间避免谈论关于宗教、政治以及其他争议性话题。
◇Maintain good eye contact.与他人保持眼神交流。
◇Do take your time eating, talking and especially listening to everyone at the table.除了用餐,以及和别人交流,尤其要在餐桌上倾听别人。
◇Don’t over indulge; this is not your last meal. And don’t ask to finish anyone else’s food.不要暴饮暴食,这不是最后一顿饭,也不要帮别人解决食物。
◇Don’t lick your utensils(餐具)or fingers.不要舔餐具或手指。
◇Do say “please” and “thank you,” waiters do notice.需要侍者帮助时,对他们说“请问……”和“谢谢”。
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西方国家,是指西方意识形态占主流的国家。在不同的场合和不同的时间有着不同的定义。但一般而言,它是指澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰、美国和西欧,统治血统为白人。那么你知道西方国家用英语怎么说吗? 下面跟着读文网小编一起来学习一下吧。
1. The religious conservatives are not enamoured of the West and its values.
宗教保守派人士不喜欢西方国家及其价值观。
2. Western suppliers too are competing avidly for business abroad.
西方国家的供应商也在疯狂抢夺国外商机。
3. Both nations are seeking closer links with the West.
两国都在寻求与西方国家建立更为紧密的联系。
4. The West has an interest in promoting democratic forces in Eastern Europe.
东欧民主力量的发展与西方国家利害攸关。
5. The West must back up its verbal support with substantial economic aid.
西方国家必须以切实的经济援助来兑现他们的口头支持。
6. He also believed in coexistence with the West.
他还相信他们能与西方国家共存。
7. Many writers, threatened with imprisonment, have defected to the West.
由于有被监禁的威胁, 许多作家投向了西方国家.
8. The company's sales are now close to saturation in many western countries.
这家公司的产品销售量在许多西方国家已接近饱和.
9. Many Asians are migrating to the West.
许多亚洲人移民去了西方国家.
10. He had warned the West against trying to dictate to the Soviet Union.
他警告西方国家不要试图对苏联发号施令。
11. In his celebration speech, he issued a stark warning to Washington and other Western capitals.
在他的庆祝演说中,他向华盛顿和其他西方国家提出了严正警告。
12. They were cut off from the West in 1948 when their government closed that border crossing.
1948年政府关闭那个边境关口之后,他们便与西方国家隔绝开了。
13. Moral as well as financial support was what the West should provide.
西方国家应该提供道义支持和经济援助。
14. During the second world war,Japanese were interned in camps in the West.
第二次世界大战期间,日本士兵被扣留在西方国家的阵营里。
15. In Western countries girls are far less likely to offend than boys.
在西方国家,女孩的犯罪倾向远低于男孩。
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购物是人们日常生活中的重要活动。随着改革开放的深入和国际交往的日趋频繁,跨国购物在现代社会已不是很罕见的事,其中大至跨国公司的贸易,小至一般出国旅游者在普通商店的购物。由于大宗的国际间的贸易一般比较复杂,比如要看样订货、签订合同等,那一般是当“老板”的事,所以这里我们主要谈谈一般人在普通商店的购物情况。下面是读文网小编整理的英美国家的购物礼仪,欢迎大家阅读!
Good morning, sir. 先生,早上好!
Good afternoon, madam. 太太,下午好!
Can I help you? 你要买东西吗?
May I help you? 你要买东西吗?
Can I help you in any way? 你要买东西吗?
What can I do for you? 你要买东西吗?
What can I show you? 你要买东西吗?
Are you being served? 有人招呼你了吗?
Is someone looking after you? 有人招呼你了吗?
Is anyone taking care of you? 有人招呼你了吗?
Yes, please? 你要买东西吗?
注意,在英美商店,店主向顾客打招呼,一般不直接说:What do you want? 或 What do you buy? 因为这样说在他们看来是不礼貌的。
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Every culture has its own etiquette red lines that tourists frequently aren’t aware they’re crossing. It doesn’t matter where you travel—you should never insult the people who live there by dismissing their customs. Here is a sample of some of the things not to do in Japan, France, Russia, and India.
每种文化都有独特的礼仪文化,这使游客们经常无法意识到自己触犯了禁忌。无论你到哪里旅行—你绝不能对当地人做无礼的事情特别是无视他们的风俗习惯。下面是一些在日本,法国,俄国和印度的禁忌事项。
Parlez fran?ais. Don’t expect to get by with English in France. The French have great pride in their language, and are somewhat resentful of its decline on the world stage. They don’t appreciate switching from French to another language at home.
说法语。不要期待在法国可以用英语来应付。法国人对自己的语言感到无比自豪,对它在世界舞台上的没落有些心怀不满。他们不喜欢在自己的祖国使用另一种语言。
Avoid talking about money issues. The French have a strong distaste for discussing financial matters openly. You’ll put people in an uncomfortable spot to talk about how much they make or spent on something.
不要讨论钱的话题。法国人很讨厌公开讨论资金问题。讨论他们的收入和花销会让人们感到很不自在。
Don’t rush while you eat. If you eat your food quickly, people will assume that you are a slob. The French take great pride in their cuisine, so savor what you eat. French lunches are known to last three hours long!
不要狼吞虎咽。如果你吃饭很快,人们会觉得你很粗俗。法国人对自己的美食也非常引以为傲,所以要享受你的饭菜。持续三小时的法国午餐也为人们所熟知。
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在日常生活中,人们经常要组织或举办一些必要的社交活动,以融洽人们彼此之间的人际关系。要邀请人们参加这类活动,往往有不少值得注意和讲究的地方。
根据不同的侧重点,邀请可以有不同的分类。从语言表达的形式来看,可分为书面邀请和口头邀请;从邀请的正式与否来看,可分为正式邀请和非正式邀请;从邀请的可接受性来看,可分为直接邀请和间接邀请等。
书面邀请主要是指通过发送请贴或写信进行邀请。由于写信的格式同学们大都比较熟悉,这里我们主要谈谈用请贴邀请的有关注意问题。请贴的格式往往有一定的讲究,多为上下短行排列,虽每行长短不一,但大致呈中心对称,看起来不仅清楚醒目、而且美观大方。请贴的内容通常应包括时间、地点、活动内容、邀请人和被邀请人姓名等。同时,请贴也可分为正式和非正式两种。一般说来,正式请贴用于比较严肃、庄重的场合,其用词比较讲究、句式比较严谨,使用的人称通常是第三人称,姓名通常要用全名(包括中间名),且要在姓名前使用适当的称谓词,如 Mr, Mrs, Miss, Ms 等。 而非正式请贴则通常用于较随便的场合,其用词和句法也比较随便,使用的人称通常是第二人称。请看如下请贴实例:
(Yes, ) It’s very kind [nice] of you. (好,)太感谢你了。
(Yes, ) That’s very kind [nice] of you. (好,)太感谢你了。
I’d (very much) like to. Thank you. 我很愿意,谢谢你。
I’d like [love] to. 我很愿意。
I’d be glad to. 我很高兴(做. . . )。
That’ll be very nice. 那太好了。
With pleasure. 我乐意。
All right. 好吧。
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我国与西方国家在商务礼仪文化上有着很大的差异,所以接触到中西方的谈判要多注意,今天读文网小编在这里为大家介绍中西方在商务谈判中礼仪的差异,欢迎大家阅读!
由于历史等各方面的原因,各国在商务礼仪观念上有着一定的差别,不同国家对商务礼仪有着各自的概念,而如果不了解别的国家的商务礼仪,则很难使谈判顺利进行。因此,对各国的商务礼仪都要有一定的了解。
(1)时间观念上的差别
中国人的时间观念并不是很强,很多人都不能严格遵守约定的时间,不能准时赴约,对于这一方面中国人的随意性比较强。而外国人最注重的就是准时,他们一般不会随便迟到, 只有在确定自己有时间的情况下才会应允对方约会的时间,而且他们比较重视预约,通常与欧美的谈判活动应该至少要提前两个星期预约。如果已经定下来谈判的具体时间,没有特殊情况的前提下欧美人是不会变卦的。西方人比较喜欢在一段时间只做一件事,比如他们在谈判过程中会全神贯注,开门见山,且不喜欢别人打扰,他们力求在有限的时间内达到自己想要的目标,惜时如金。中国人则更喜欢通过多次非正式的会晤,对对方进行逐步深刻的了解,从而建立更好的合作关系。
(2)用餐礼仪的差别
中国有句古话叫“民以食为天”,可见饮食对中国的人的意义是何等的尊贵,因此中国人往往将饮食当做头等大事看待。但是他们对参加宴会的着装并不重视,一般情况下如果没有特别的要求,中国人会穿的比较随意。而在西方国家,他们参加宴会时的穿着是很讲究的,男士穿西装或是燕尾服,女士则应穿晚礼服,这样才算礼貌。中西方宴请礼仪也是各具特色的。中国人用餐时喜欢围坐在一起,有说有笑,还不时地给别人夹菜,另外,中国人的餐桌上必不可少的东西就是酒,人们喜欢以酒助兴,有时为了表示对对方的尊重,喝酒的时候都是一杯一杯地喝。在中国人眼里,吃饭只是一种形式,人们更重视的是借此机会增进感情。西方人用餐时喜欢比较安静浪漫的氛围,他们举止也很优雅,通常采用分餐制。西方人用餐时是很注意坐姿的,他们认为弯腰,低头或是用嘴凑上去吃都是很不礼貌的行为,主人也不提倡大肆地饮酒。
(3)语言习惯的差别
中国称呼亲戚的种类有很多,不同的亲戚有着不同的称呼,这样也便于理清楚详细的关系。而西方人的亲属称谓比较贫乏,不论辈分和年龄的差距,都可以直接称呼对方名字,以此表示平等和亲密的关系。中国人的思想观念是比较传统的,从小就教育孩子要懂得谦虚,当受到别人夸赞时,要说“哪里哪里”或者“您过奖了”。外国人却不会如此谦虚,当有人夸赞他们时,他们会很开心地说“谢谢”中国人遇到商务伙伴时习惯用中国式的方式问对方”吃了么?”等寒暄语以示关心,西方则希望通过交谈尽快了解对方的喜好,利于准确做出合适的方案。而这种寒暄用语却让西方人感到很困惑,他们认为对方想邀请他共进午餐,如果是未婚的男女之间,西方人则会以为对方是在发出约会的请求。4 中西方在商务谈判中容易发生的冲突表现
不同的国家,由于历史文化不同,对于礼仪的观念自然也就不同,这些观念体现在一个国家的国民性上。只有准确地了解中西方不同国家的国民性,才能有效地帮助我们在谈判中不误解对方,同时不被对方误解。
(4)称呼差异
中国人习惯于称呼自己尊敬的人,如“老爷爷”丶“老奶奶”丶“老先生”等来表示对对方的尊重。这里的老并不是年纪大的意思,而是象征着对方的经验丰富。但是,如果我们满怀敬意地用这种带有“老”字的称呼去和西方人谈话时,场面可能会适尴尬,甚至对方认为你在贬低他。在西方国家,“老”就意味着精力不济,走下坡路,有时候还是不中用的代名词。可想而知,当你用中国的习惯用语去称呼西方人时,对方会有多生气。在美国曾经发生过这样一个故事:在美国的一所有名的大学里,一名中国留学生在欢迎校长的母亲光临时,用中国的礼貌用语尊称她为“老妇人”,结果校长的母亲很生气,什么也没说就回去了。对她来说“老”就意味着魅力丧失。
(5)认识客观事物的思维差异
中国人在谈判中最注重的是面子,而西方人讲究的是利益,如果非要在面子和利益之间作出选择的话,中国人会毫不犹豫地选择面子。在加拿大曾经有过这样一个故事:西方的谈判人员要求中国方作出小的让步便可达成协议,并且对双方都有利,而那个年轻的国人让步是件很丢面子的事,就是不肯妥协,于是最终导致谈判失败。
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“致谢”是世界各国人民都遵循的礼仪规范,但是由于各国的风俗习惯不同,“致谢”的方式和客套用语也有所不同,有时可能会相去甚远。下面来看看英语国家有什么致谢的习俗礼仪吧。
英语中通常用来表示感谢的客套用语有:
It’s very kind of you. 你太好了;多谢你了。
I’m much obliged to you. 非常感谢。
Much obliged [appreciated]. 非常感谢。
Thank you. 谢谢你。
Thank you very much. 非常感谢。
Thank you very much indeed. 真是太感谢你了。
Thanks. 谢谢。
Thanks a lot. 多谢。
Thanks very much. 非常感谢。
Thanks so much. 非常感谢。
Many thanks. 多谢。
通常用来回答感谢的客套用语有:
Not at all. 别客气;不用谢;哪儿的话。
You are welcome. 不用谢。
Please don’t mention it. 不用客气;不用谢。
It’s [It was] a pleasure. 不用客气;不用谢。
A pleasure. 不用客气;不用谢。
It is (was) my pleasure. 别客气,这是我高兴做的。
My pleasure. 不客气,这是我高兴做的事。
Pleasure is (was) all mine. 不客气;不用谢。
No trouble at all. 没什么;别客气.
No problem. 不客气;不用谢。
It’s [It was] nothing. 没什么;不客气。
Think nothing of it. 没什么。
That’s all right. 没什么;不用谢。
That’s OK. 没什么;不用谢。
Any time. 不用谢;不客气;有事说一声。
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无论您是出国旅游还是出差,如果有人邀请您参加正式宴会,那么您需要了解一些西方社交场所的基本礼仪。下面是读文网小编整理的西方人赴宴礼仪,欢迎大家阅读!
作为被邀请的客人,在宴会期间也有诸多应该注意的礼仪。因为一次宴会进行得好坏,不仅仅取决于主人是否热情好客,真诚待友,同时取决于客人是否以诚相见,彬彬有礼。因此,在赴宴的时候,也应该时刻注意自己的举止和言谈,掌握客人应注意的礼仪。作为被宴请的客人,在礼仪方面必须做到以下几个方面:
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要是你认为西方人不迷信,那你就大错特错了。不同国家迷信内容或许不同,但几乎所有国家都存在迷信。我报博主整理了一份西方共有迷信清单,以方便大家深入了解西方文化与风俗。如果你知道更多的迷信内容以及其起源,可在评论区畅所欲言!
1. Bird pooing on you is good luck. 鸟粪掉身上是走运的象征
One theory of this is the sort of karma logic that assumes, if something bad happens to you, then something good must happen to balance out the karma.
这个理论是源于对因果报应的假设,如果你碰到一件糟心事,那么之后必要有好运来抵掉这件坏事以形成因果报应。
2. Friday the 13th is a bad day. 13号星期五不吉利(黑色星期五)
The reason that Friday 13th in particular is unlucky is due to the massacre of the Knights Templar by Phillip IV of France on Friday the 13th.
这一天之所以被视为不详之日是因为1307年10月13日(星期五)上午法国国王腓力四世下令逮捕并屠杀境内所有的圣殿骑士团成员。
3. A black cat crossing your path is considered bad luck. 路遇黑猫意味不详
In the old, superstitious days, witches could transform themselves into black cats. If one crossed your path, it meant a witch was watching you.
古时候人们迷信女巫们会化身为黑猫。所以如果你在路上碰见了黑猫,这意味着有女巫盯上你了。
4. Atchoo (bless you) 有人打喷嚏(要对他说上帝保佑你)
This comes from a plague that was spreading in 590 A.D. Italy where most people who sneezed would die. The pope urged others to bless such people and pray for them that they might become better.
这源于公元590年意大利的一场瘟疫。当时,很多打喷嚏的人都会死亡。教皇就提议大家为那些打喷嚏的人祈祷祝福希望他们可以恢复健康。
5. Crossing your fingers to wish for good luck 交叉手指期盼好运
One theory of this is that during the Hundred Years War between France and England, archers would cross their fingers before pulling the bow string in order to grant them good luck. Before that, it was also a secret sign between members of Christianity (when it was illegal).
一种说法是:在法英百年战争时,弓箭手在拉弓前会交叉手指以示好运。在此之前,这也是基督教徒之间的暗号(当时这样做是违法的)。
6. Never take the third light from a match, it's bad luck. 不能用同一根火柴点3次火
In World War I, snipers sometimes operated at night. Their technique involved waiting for someone to strike a match to light a cigarette; on spotting the light they'd train a scope on them. On the second light, the sniper would focus his shot, zooming in ready for the kill, on the third light, he would fire, killing the person who lit the match.
在一战期间,狙击手通常在夜晚作案。他们的作案技巧就是等有人点烟。第一次点烟时狙击手可以确定方位;点第二根时狙击手瞄准准备射杀;点第三根烟时,他就开火将点火之人打死。
7. Walking underneath a ladder is widely held to be bad luck. 从梯子下走不吉利
'Walking under a ladder' came about in England a few centuries ago when people drank more ale at lunch than ate food. Drunken sign painters were likely to dump a bucket of paint if you walked by or under their ladder and handymen would drop tools.
“从梯子下走不吉利”来源于英国几个世纪前发生的事。在晚餐喝了过多的麦芽酒而没吃多少食物之后,当有人路过梯子或是从梯子下走,喝醉了的画家们可能会将他们的油漆桶倒下去,杂务工要是喝醉了可能会将自己的工具丢下去。
8. Broken mirror will result in seven years bad luck. 破碎的镜子意味着之后7年的厄运
Breaking a mirror is bad luck because at one time mirrors were very expensive. If a palace maid broke a mirror she was sentenced to 7 years in prison.
打破镜子被人为十分不吉利,因为镜子曾经是很昂贵的。如果皇宫里的一名女佣打破了镜子,她将被判处7年牢狱。
9. Carrots help you see in the dark. 胡萝卜有助于提高夜视能力
This was part of World War II propaganda. The British had invented radar and we began bombing the Germans at night. The Germans, confused as to how we bombed them at night, started researching how we were doing it. The British government began to spread the rumor that it was the carrots in our ration packs that helped us see in the dark (Note: "in order" is rarely needed) to put the Germans off our trail. They figured it out eventually, but by that time, the rumor had already stuck.
这是二战期间的一个宣传。英国人发明了雷达并开始在夜晚轰炸德国。德国人就对英国人是如何在夜晚进行轰炸作业感到很好奇,并开始研究英国人是如何做到夜间瞄准的。英国政府就散布谣言说他们食用一定数量的胡萝卜来提高夜视能力来迷惑德国人。德国人最后发现了这只是个谣言,但到那时是这一说法已经被广泛接受了。
10. Spilling salt is a bad omen. 盐洒出来是不吉利的
Spilling salt is bad luck because in Roman times, salt was so valuable that soldiers were paid in salt rather than money. Spilling it was equal to burning money. I'm not sure where throwing a pinch of salt over your left shoulder negates the action of spilling, but I can tell you that it is where the word 'salary' came from.
盐洒出来是不吉利的象征。因为在古罗马时代盐是很珍贵的,士兵们的薪酬领的是盐而不是钱。洒出盐意味着烧钱。我不确定是否可以通过在左肩上撒点盐来消除背运或盐洒出的影响,但是我可以告诉你“薪水”(salary)一词来源于盐(salt)。
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每种文化都有独特的礼仪文化,这使游客们经常无法意识到自己触犯了禁忌。无论你到哪里旅行—你绝不能对当地人做无礼的事情特别是无视他们的风俗习惯。下面是一些在日本,法国,俄国和印度的禁忌事项。
Do not complain about the food. It is insulting to your host. Don’t eat something you don’t want to eat, but don’t offend the people who served it to you.
No public kissing. This can even result in jail time.
People usually don’t socialize while eating in India, and may take offense to being interrupted while they eat.
印度
不要抱怨食物。这是对主人的侮辱。不要吃不想吃的东西,但也不要冒犯招待你的人。
不要在公共场合接吻。这甚至有可能让你坐牢。
人们通常不在吃饭的时候进行交谈,打断他们吃饭可能是很无礼的行为。
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西方用餐,人们一是讲究吃饱,二是享受用餐的情趣和氛围,所以很注重餐桌礼仪。下面是读文网小编整理的英语版西方餐桌礼仪,欢迎大家阅读!
"Oh, no! Here I am at an American family's home at the dinner table. There are all kinds of plates, saucers, cups, and silverware at my place. Which should I use for which food? Should I sit down first or wait for the host to invite me? Should I have brought a gift? Someone please tell me what to do!"
“哦,糟糕!此刻我坐在一个美国人家里的餐桌前吃晚餐。在我眼前有各式各样的盘子、碟子、杯子和银制餐具。该用哪种餐具盛哪一道食物呢?我应该先坐下来还是等主人来招呼呢?我是不是应该带了礼物才来吗?有谁来教教我该怎么做!”
Have you ever been in or had a nightmare about this situation? Don't worry! This article will help steer you through the rocks and reefs of Anglo-American table manners so that if you are ever abroad in Canada or the United States, or at someone's home from one of those countries, you will feel right at home.
你是否曾经置身或经历过像这样可怕的情形呢?别担心!本篇文章将助你破除英美餐桌礼仪的重重障碍,如此一来,以后如果你出国到加拿大或美国,或到这两国人士的家中作客,便能怡然自得了。
It is important to distinguish what kind of occasion you will be attending before you plan for a pleasant evening. Most Anglo-Americans enjoy entertaining at home, but they don't enjoy stuffy, formal dinners. They invite their friends over for a fun evening, not as a test of one's knowledge of cultural traditions. If, however, you are invited to a formal affair, such as a so-called "sit-down" dinner, you may want to know in advance some basic rules of "black tie" etiquette.
在计划过个愉快的夜晚之前,先分清楚要参加的是哪一种场合是很重要的。大部分英美人士喜欢在家里招待客人,而不喜欢沈闷的正式晚宴。他们邀请朋友到家里来是为了过个快乐的夜晚,而不是要测试一个人的传统文化知识。然而,如果你应邀参加一个正式场合,例如所谓的“安排就座”晚宴,也许你会想事先知道一些正式宴会礼节的基本规范。
The first thing to remember when attending a dinner at a Western home is that you are the guest and that you are a foreigner. No one will invite you if he does not really want you to enter his "castle," so you can be sure that you are wanted. Additionally, as you do not come from the same country or culture as your host, he or she or they will surely be aware of this, and will be very forgiving if you unintentionally do or say something which would otherwise offend them. Keeping these two simple tips in mind should greatly ease your concern about being present at a dinner in someone else's home.
当你参加西方家庭的晚宴时,首先要记住的是:你是客人,而且是个外国人。如果不是真要让你进入他的“城堡”,人家不会邀请你,所以你可以确定你是受欢迎的。除此之外,因为你来自和主人不同的国家和文化,他或她或他们当然会明白这点,所以假使你无意间做了或说了某些冒犯他们的事时,他们会非常宽宏大量的。记住这两个简单的准则应该就能大大消除你到别人家用餐的忧虑。
Before arriving at your host's home, you may want to make sure of three things. First, be a few minutes late, say, about five to ten minutes if possible. Never be early, as the host may not have everything prepared yet. Nor should you be more than 20 minutes late. Your host may begin to worry about whether you are able to attend the dinner or not. Next, as to whether to bring a gift, in most informal gatherings, it is not necessary. If you like, you can bring some fruit or sweets, or, especially if there is a hostess, some flowers. These are thoughtful, cheerful gifts sure to please. Do not bring alcoholic beverages unless you are sure of your host's or hostess's preferences in drinks. Above all, do not spend a lot of money, and never give money. As we say in English, "It's the thought that counts." Finally, wear comfortable clothing. One can overdress as well as appear sloppy. For a special occasion or religious holiday, such as a retirement party or Christmas, a tie and jacket would be suitable for the gentlemen and a dress or sweater and skirt for the ladies.
在到达主人家之前,你可能要先确定三件事情。首先,要晚到几分钟,譬如说5~10分钟左右,如果可能的话。千万不要提早到,因为主人可能尚未一切就绪。但你也不要迟到超过20分钟,否则人家会开始担心你是否能来赴宴。其次,关于要不要带礼物,在大部分非正式的聚会中是不需要的。你若高兴的话,可以带一些水果或甜点,或者,尤其是有女主人的话,可以送一些花。这些都是体贴、令人愉快的礼物,一定会讨人喜欢。不要带酒类饮料,除非你确知主人或女主人偏爱什么酒。更重要的是,不要花太多钱,而且绝不要送礼金。就像我们在英文中说的 "It's the thought that counts."(“礼轻情意重”)。最后,穿着舒适的衣服。过度打扮以及显得邋遢都不好。在特别的场合或宗教节日,如退休宴会或圣诞节时,男士宜穿西装打领带,女士则穿洋装或毛衣加裙子。
For more formal affairs, you will probably be told what to wear, such as "formal dress requested," etc. A tie and jacket or tuxedo for the gents and an evening gown for the ladies would be in order here. If you are unsure what to wear, you can always ask the host. Gifts are seldom appropriate for these affairs, unless for a wedding reception, at which gifts are more customary than cash.
在较正式的情况中,你可能要照规定穿着,例如“请着正式服装”等等。此时,男士宜穿西装打领带或穿燕尾服,女士则穿晚礼服。如果你拿不准该穿什么服装,问主人就好了。在这些情况送礼通常不适当,除非是结婚宴席,在习俗上大多是送礼物而非现金。
Your host in his home will usually motion you where to sit. At formal gatherings, name cards are sometimes provided, or you will be told where to sit. Do not be alarmed by a great deal of cutlery: simply start from the outside and work your way in. Formal affairs often have several courses of food with the appropriate cutlery for each dish. There is no harm in checking with your neighbor to see what implement he is using. After all, "When in Rome, do as the Romans do." It is customary to ask others to pass dishes to you for self-serving; at a formal dinner party, there is usually catering (service). Again, do not hesitate to ask others for information or advice. They are usually pleased to help you.
屋里的主人通常会招呼你就座。在正式的聚会中,有时会摆出写上名字的卡片,要不然人家会告诉你座位。不要被一大堆刀叉餐具吓着了:只要由外往内按顺序使用就行了。正式宴会常会有几道菜须使用特定的刀叉餐具,这时不妨咨询一下邻座的人看他用什么餐具。毕竟,人总要“入境随俗”嘛。习惯上可以请别人将菜传给你自己来盛;在正式晚宴上则通常会有分菜(服务)。同样地,不要犹豫不敢向他人请益,他们通常都会很乐意帮助你。
The most important piece of advice is this: enjoy yourself. No host enjoys seeing nervous or fearful guests who are struggling to "do the right thing" at his home or expensive formal dinner party. Watch others or ask for their advice, and join in the conversation and good times as best you can. If you do, after the first such evening out, you will certainly look forward to the next!
最重要的一个忠告是:好好享受。作东的人都不乐于见到客人在他家中或昂贵的正式晚宴上,神情紧张或害怕地努力要让自己的举止合宜。观察别人或向他们请教,尽可能地融入谈话和欢乐当中。如果能做到这样,初次尝过甜头之后,你就一定会很期待下一次的晚宴了!
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小编说:中国的商务礼仪你可能很清楚,西方的商务礼仪你又懂多少呢?
In the Home
1) The Right Time to Arrive
When invited to luncheon, dinner, or supper, it is very impolite to arrive late, as it is usually planned to have the meal at the exact hour given in the invitation.
2) In arrival
When you arrive, the hostess or some member of the family will probably meet you at the door and take your coat and hat. In the winter time you should dress more lightly than usually, as you may expect the rooms to be warmer than in most Chinese homes.
3) In a few minutes the hostess will ask her guests to come in to dinner. She may or may not ask each gentleman to take a lady in. If she does, the lady will take the gentleman's arm as they walk into the dinning room. If she does not, the ladies will go in first, followed by the gentlemen. The hostess will either point out their seats to the guests as they come in or have a place card at each place with the guests name on it.
4) How Long to Stay
After the meal is over, it is not polite to leave for at least half an hour, lest you seem to have come only for the meal. An evening dinner invitation usually implies that you stay for the whole evening. The hostess often plans some after-dinner entertainment.
5) What to Say on Leaving
When leaving any kind of a party, a guest always expresses his appreciation to the hostess. Some such words as these are appropriate. "Thank you so much. I've had a delight evening."
Some Points for Men
1) With a Lady
Always allow the lady to precede you in places where one has to go before the other except in the following case: when getting off a street car, train, bus, or out of an automobile; when going up stair; when opening a heavy door. When you are walking along the street with a lady, always walk on the outside.
2) At a Dance
If you wish to dance with a certain lady, go to her, bow, and say:" May I have the pleasure of a dance?"
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下面是读文网小编整理的10条西方餐桌礼仪,欢迎大家阅读!
1.When helping a woman pull her chair to the table, hold it and guide it. Don't shove it against the back of her legs.
2.If you're seated at a table with eight or fewer guests, wait for everyone to be served and for the hostess to begin eating before you dig in. At a long banquet table, it's OK to start when several people are seated and served.
3.All things not having to do with food should remain off the table: keys, clutch bags, cigarette packs, sunglasses, BlackBerrys.
4.Don't snap your napkin open or unfurl it showily like it's an Olympic flag.
5.If you prefer not to have wine while dining out, don't turn your glass upside down, and don't make a big deal of saying you don't drink. Simply place your fingertips on the rim of the glass and say "Not today, thanks."
6.If you're eating and want to take a sip, dab your mouth with your napkin to avoid staining the rim of the glass.
7.Grabbing a bowl of salad or a saltshaker as it's being passed to someone who asked for it is the equivalent of cutting in line: greedy and rude.
8.On the subject of passing: Dishes go counterclockwise, but if someone to your left asks for something, you can hand it directly to him.
9.When you excuse yourself to go to the restroom, just say "Please excuse me."
10.When out with friends or family - even at a fancy restaurant - it's OK to ask for your leftovers to be wrapped. But don't do it at a business lunch or dinner.
1.为女士拉椅子的时候,要把椅子抓住了,留个角度,让女士好走过去。别让椅子腿碰到女士的腿。
2.如果就餐人数少于等于八人,那就等所有人都坐好了,女主人开始用餐了,再开动。如果是长餐桌,那么只要有几个人入座进食了,你也就可以开始吃了。
3.一切和食物无关的东西都不应该出现在餐桌上,包括:钥匙、手袋、烟盒、墨镜还有手机。
4.不要把餐巾展开,看起来像是在展示奥林匹克会旗一样。
5.如果在用餐时你不想饮酒,不要把酒杯倒过来放,也不要很在意地宣布你不喝酒。只要轻轻地把指尖放在酒杯边缘,说一句"今天不喝,谢谢。"
6.如果你在吃东西的时候,想要啜一口饮料的话,那就先拿餐巾把嘴擦干净了,以免在杯子边缘留下残迹。
7.把原本要递给别人的沙拉碗或者盐瓶从半道截下来,这基本上就等于在说:你是个既贪婪又粗鲁的人。
8.餐桌上要传递东西的话,规则一般是逆时针传递。不过,如果坐在你左手边的人想要什么东西时,你也可以直接递给他。
9.想去洗手间的时候,只要说"失陪一下"就可以了。
10.和朋友家人一起外出用餐,即使是到很高级的餐馆,也可以要求把吃剩下的食物打包带走。不过,如果是在商务宴会上,就不要这么做了。
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每个国家的餐桌礼仪所讲究的都各有不同,餐具的使用及摆放更是如此,下面是读文网小编整理的西方餐桌礼仪:餐具摆放,希望能帮到大家!
Tom: we are going out for dinner tonight. Are you coming, Betty?
晚上我们要一起出去吃饭,贝蒂,你一块儿去吗?
Betty: I'm not sure. I have to check my schedule. Where are you going?
我不太确定,要先看一下我的安排.你们去哪儿吃饭?
T: oh, Jake made a reservation at Friday's.
哦,杰克预定了星期五餐厅.
B: Jack?
杰克?
T: yes, the one with the R$D team. Is that a problem?
对啊,就是研发组的杰克.怎么了?
B: I will never go out with him anymore.
我再也不会和他一起出去吃饭了.
T: why did you say so?
为什么这么说?
B: last time when we had dinner at the Smith's, it was a horrible experience. He had no manners at all!
上次我们一起去史密斯家吃晚饭,太可怕了.他吃饭根本就没规矩.
T: oh, really?
真的吗?
B: he made a lot of noises while eating. He talked with his mouth full and sipped loudly.
他吃饭时发出很大的声响,嘴里塞满了吃的却说个不停,喝汤时还弄出很大的声音来.
T: are you kidding me? How could he behave like that?
你在开玩笑吧!他怎么能这样呢?
B: it is true. Everyone kept looking at him. It was so embarrassing as I was sitting right next to him.
真的,当时每个人都在不停地看着他.我正好坐在他旁边,觉得特别尴尬.
T:what a shame! Didn't he realized that?
真丢人!他自己没有意识到吗?
B: I have no idea. He seemed to enjoy the dinner very much.
我不知道,他看起来吃的很开心.
T; maybe he should really something about eating etiquette.
或许他真该学学餐桌礼仪了.
B: oh, he really should.
是啊,他真的应该学学.
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各个国家、地区以及各民族的饮食都各有特色。饮食礼仪不仅能展现筹办者和就餐者的教养(upbringing)、风度(bearing)和魅力(charm),还能体现对他人的尊重程度,是一个人学识修养、价值观(outlook on value)、人生观(outlook on life)的外在表现。了解外国朋友的饮食礼仪可以积极推进建立良好的交往关系。这里介绍一些主要欧美国家的饮食习俗(custom)和礼仪(etiquette)。
法国人十分讲究饮食,并且人人喜欢以美食家(gourmet)自居。
法国人爱吃面食,其面包种类之多令人难以数计。在肉食方面,他们爱吃牛肉、猪肉、鸡肉、鱼子酱(caviare)、蜗牛(snail)、鹅肝(goose liver)。就口味而言,法国人一是喜欢肥浓,做菜时常用大蒜(garlic)、丁香(clove)、香菜(parsley)调味。二是偏爱鲜嫩(fresh and tender),烹饪大多半生不熟(half-baked),甚至还直接生食某些蔬菜。法国人大都爱吃奶酪,往往会拿出各式奶酪请客人品尝。
法国所产的白兰地(brandy)、香槟(champagne)与红、白葡萄酒,享誉全世界,他们几乎逢餐必喝,而且十分讲究以不同的酒水搭配不同的菜肴,如餐前喝开胃酒,吃鱼要喝白葡萄酒,吃肉要喝红葡萄酒,餐后则喝利口酒(Liqueur)或白兰地,对鸡尾酒(cocktail),法国人则不大欣赏。
在正式宴会上,法国人认为“交谈重于一切”。用餐时,他们两手允许放在餐桌上,但却不能容忍将两肘支在桌子上,在放下刀叉时,他们习惯于将其一半放在碟子上,一半放在餐桌上。
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