为您找到与英语长难句句子结构相关的共200个结果:
掌握英语句子中长难句分析的方法,能分析较为复杂的语言现象,对提高英语阅读能力是很有益处的。下面小编就为大家介绍英语句子成分练习长难句,希望对大家有用。
Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year.
【分析】本句为复合句。主句为Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man。 who引导定语从句,修饰 a 50-year-old man。delay后常接动名词,表示“推迟做某事”。smoker’s cough指吸烟引起的咳嗽。
【译文】两个月前,古丽塔遇见一位50岁的男人,他耽搁了一年而未对吸烟引起的咳嗽做任何处理。
Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide to frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde Group and Wharton School.
【分析】本句为并列复合句。when引导时间状语从句,according to…是介词短语。conducted by Verde Group and Wharton School作后置定语修饰a study。the last one to do sth.意为“最后一个做某事的人”。
【译文】据沃德集团和沃顿商学院所做的一份联合调查显示,商店经理总是最后一个接到投诉,并且通常是当他们的常客决定定期光顾他们的竞争对手时才发现。
“Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly,” said Professor Stephen Hoch. (2008年12月)
【分析】本句中的直接引语为复合句。句子主干为Retailers are more likely to smooth over issues than those, more…than是比较级结构。第一个who引导的定语从句修饰Retailers,第二个who引导的定语从句修饰those。
【译文】史提芬?霍克教授说:“与那些态度不友好的零售商相比,能够及时作出反应且态度友好的零售商更有可能平息事端。”
But the real truth is that we don’t know enough to relieve global warming, and - without major technological breakthroughs - we can’t do much about it. (2008年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句,主干为the real truth is that…。that从句为is的表语,在该表语从句有两个由and连接的简单句we don’t know…warming和we can’t do much about it。两个破折号之间的内容是对we can’t do much about it的原因解释。
【译文】但真相是,我们对缓解全球变暖知道的还不够多,并且--没有较大的技术突破--我们仍将束手无策。
We need economic growth unless we condemn the world’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else’s living standards. (2008年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句,主句为We need economic growth,从句为unless引导的条件状语从句。在从句中,we有两个由and连接的谓宾:condemn…poverty和freeze…standards。
【译文】我们需要经济增长,除非我们迫使世界上的穷人继续穷困潦倒,不提高他们的生活水平。
The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it’s really an engineering one. (2008年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句,主干为The trouble…is that…。that引导的表语从句that it has become…one作is的表语,该表语从句中又包括一个由when引导的时间状语从句when it’s really an engineering one。
【译文】全球变暖的争论很伤脑筋的地方在于,全球变暖其实是一个技术问题,但在现在的争论中已经变成了一个道德问题。
Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen - the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked. (2008年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句,主句主干为they will see you,从句为Whoever引导的让步状语从句Whoever it is。in a way为see you的方式状语。you never intended to be seen为省略了引导词的定语从句,修饰的是way。破折号在这里起解释说明的作用,解释前面的句子。
【译文】无论是谁,他们都会以一种你所不愿意被看到的方式来看你--21世纪就好像是一个被人裸视的时代。
Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it’s important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. (2008年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句,主干为Psychologists tell us…。us后接了两个宾语从句,第一个宾语从句为boundaries are healthy,省略了引导词that;第二个宾语从句为that引导的that it’s…times。按照规则,若动词后跟两个由that引导的宾语从句,第一个宾语从句可省略引导词,但第二个宾语从句的引导词必须出现,不能省略。
【译文】心理学家告诉我们,隐私界线是健康的,在某些阶段,某个合适的时间,向朋友、家人和爱人展现你自己很重要。
Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths (收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements.(2008年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句,主干为Few people turn down a discount。at tollbooths为地点状语。to avoid using the EZ-Pass system为不定式作状语。that引导的定语从句that can track automobile movements修饰the EZ-Pass system。
【译文】很少有人会拒绝使用在收费站能打折的易通收费系统,该系统能够追踪汽车的行车路线。
Privacy economist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon (优惠券). (2008年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句,主干为Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests。Privacy economist作Alessandro Acquisti的定语。that引导的定语从句that reveal people… coupon修饰的是a series of tests。to在这里表目的。
【译文】隐私权经济学家Alessandro Acquisti做了一系列测试,测试显示,人们会为了得到少得可怜的50美分优惠券而轻易地就将像社会保险号码这样的个人信息提供出来。
When you consider that nearly three out of four Americans have seen the game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? you can understand the power of television to communicate with a large audience.
【分析】本句为复合句,主句主干为you can understand the power,从句为when引导的时间状语从句When you consider…Millionaire?。从句中又包含一个由that引导的宾语从句that nearly…Millionaire?,作consider的宾语。
【译文】当你考虑到几乎每四个美国人中就有三个看过电视游戏节目《谁想成为百万富翁?》,你就会明白电视在与大量的观众交流方面的巨大威力了。
Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but - regardless of whether it is or isn’t - we won’t do much about it. (2008年6月)
【分析】本句为并列句。句子主干为Global warming…,but we won’t… about it。regardless of意为“不管,不顾”;whether it is or isn’t 中的it指代的是并列连词but前的句子。
【译文】不管全球变暖是否是21世纪最大的环境危机,我们都不会为之倾注太多。
Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth”, as if merely recognizing it coAl Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth”, as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. (2008年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句。主句为Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth”。as if 意为“仿佛/好像……似的”,引导方式状语从句时谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反。put us on a path to a solution意为“找到解决之道”。
【译文】阿尔?戈尔将全球变暖称作一个“不愿面对的真相”,好像仅仅认识到全球变暖便能找到解决之道似的。
The digital bread crumbs(碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. (2008年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为The crumbs make it easy。make sth.+adj.+to do为固定用法;you leave everywhere为省略了that或which的定语从句;reconstruct后接了三个并列的宾语从句;digital bread crumbs为比喻用法,意为“数字碎屑”。
【译文】你在任何地方留下的数字碎屑都会让陌生人很容易就重新构造出一个你来,知道你的身份,住所,和喜好。
Only when it’s gone do you wish you’ve done more to protect it. (2008年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句。when it’s gone为状语从句。Only在句首时,主句要部分倒装,即将助动词do提前。
【译文】当你失去时,你才会希望自己原来能够多做点事情以保护好它。
But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability. (2007年12月)
【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干是the opening has made universities a powerful force。动名词opening作主语,of后面都是定语,在这里a powerful force是宾语universities的补语。at the same time是时间状语。
【译文】但是同时,世界各国对商品、服务、信息,尤其是人员的跨境开放,已经使大学成为加速全球一体化进程、增进互相了解和促进地缘政治稳定的一股强大力量。
Objections from American university and business leaders led to improvements in the process and a reversal of the decline, but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students. (2007年12月)
【分析】本句为并列句,but连接两个并列的简单句。句子主干为Objections led to improvements and a reversal, but the United States is still seen as unwelcoming。第一个分句的谓语是led to,其后有两个由and连接的并列宾语,分别是improvements和a reversal。第二个分句里的as是副词,连接补语。
【译文】尽管在美国大学校长和商界领袖们的反对之下,签证程序有所改进,留学生人数开始回升,但美国依然给许多人留下了不欢迎外国留学生的印象。
In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative (合作的) research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity. (2007年12月)
【分析】本句为复合句。主句主干为 universities have become…global。In response to 连接方式状语,其中包含了一个that引导的定语从句,修饰forces,that在从句中作主语。冒号后面的部分是三个并列的现在分词作状语,解释说明前面的句子。在第一个分词结构里包含了一个who引导的定语从句,修饰students。在最后一个分词结构里也有一个that引导的定语从句,修饰courses of study。
【译文】作为对推进世界经济力量的回应,大学变得更加具有“自我全球意识”:大学从世界各地招来承载多元文化和价值观的学生;大学把本校学生派往国外准备开拓全球事业;大学还通过开设课程,共同应对来自互相联系的世界及为了全人类的利益发展科学而展开的联合研究带来的多重挑战。
Yale professor and Harvard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghai’s Fudan University in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. (2007年12月)
【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为Tian Xu directs a research center。主语前面的部分都是它的同位语,说明身份。focused on作后置定语修饰research center;at Shanghai’s Fudan University是地点状语;in collaboration with…则是方式状语。
【译文】由徐天教授(耶鲁大学教授,霍华德·休斯医学院研究员)所负责的人类疾病遗传学研究中心坐落在上海的复旦大学,其工作人员由耶鲁和复旦两所大学共同派人组成。
In the wake of September 11, changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K. (2007年12月)
【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 changes caused…and…。caused有两个并列宾语,分别是 decline 和 surge。 seeking 是现在分词作定语修饰 students。
【译文】“9·11事件”之后,签证程序的调整导致注册美国大学的外国学生人数急剧下降。而同一时期前往澳大利亚、新加坡和英国留学的外国学生人数却迅猛增长。
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研究生考试前背下高中英语句子结构的易错高考单选题是非常有必要的,现在小编就给大家介绍 高中英语句子结构的易错高考单选题,希望对大家有用。
1、Stop making so much noise ____ the neighbor will start complaining.
A、or else B、but still C、and then D、so that
选A 。 or else意为“要不然,否则”。
2、We hope to go to the beach tomorrow, but we won’t go ____ it’s raining.
A、if B、when C、though D、because
选A 考查连词。根据语境用if引导条件状语从句。
3、--The weather is too cold ____ March this year.
--It was still ____ when I came here years ago.
A、for; colderB、in; coldC、in; hotD、for; hotter
选A 本题考查考生运用介词和比较级的能力。For在这里是“就……而言”的意思,而第二个选项要抓住信息词still在此处的妙用,它是用来修饰比较级的,加上上文的cold,在此处就不难选择colder了。
4、--How much vinegar did you put in the soup?
--I’m sorry to say, ____. I forget.
A、noB、no oneC、nothingD、none
选D 本题考查不定代词的本意区别及其与语境综合运用。此处none指的是not any vinegar,也就是说,此处可以这样理解:I’m sorry to say that I didn’t put any vinegar in the soup, because I forgot it.
5、He is only too ready to help others, seldom, ____, refusing them when they turn to him.
A、if neverB、if everC、if notD、if any
选 B 本题考查考生在语境中灵活运用、辨析短语用法的能力,此处seldom,if ever是一个短语,是“从不,决不”的意思。
6、--What should I wear to attend his wedding party?
--Dress ____ you like.
A、whatB、howeverC、whateverD、how
选B 本题however you like相当于in whatever way you like,根据语境,不难判断出B为正确答案。
7、--The research on the new bird flu virus vaccine is challenging and demanding. Who do you think can do the job?
--____ my students have a try?
A、ShallB、MustC、WillD、May
选A 本题考查情态动词shall在主语是第二、三人称时,作为征求意见的用法。。
8、I’d like to live somewhere ____ the sun shines all year long.
A、whichB、thatC、whereD、in which
选C 考查连接词。Where引导地点状语从句。
9、I ____ to go for a walk, but someone called and I couldn’t get away.
A、was planningB、plannedC、had plannedD、would plan
选C 考查时态。had planned发生called和couldn’t get away之前。
10、--Your book, Tommy?
--No, Mom, it’s my friend’s.
--Remember to return it to ____ name is on it.
A、what B、whichC、whoseD、whosever
选D 考查连接代词。whosever既引导从句作介词to的宾语,又在从句中作定语。
11、Thank you for sending us ____ fresh vegetables of many kinds. You have done us ____ a great service.
A、不填;aB、the;aC、不填;不填D、the;不填
选A 考查冠词的用法。第一空表示泛指,而第二空构成一个短语do sb. a great service,其意思为“给某人提供好的服务”。Service在这里为抽象名词具体化。
12、Now that we ____ all the money, it’s no use turning on me and saying it’s all my fault.
A、had lostB、lostC、have lostD、lose
选C 考查动词的时态。根据句子的意思,表示发生在过去的动作对现在所产生的影响,所以应该用现在完成时。此句的意思是“由于我把所有的钱都丢失了,所以再开始说是我的过错也就没有意义了”。
13、We had a really bad time about six months ago but now things are ____.
A、looking upB、coming upC、making upD、turning up
选A 考查动词短语的用法。look up的意思为“向上看”、“尊敬”、“仰望”、“查寻”、 “拜访”、“好转”,在本语境中为“好转”。
14、--When did it begin to snow?
--It started ____ the night.
A、duringB、byC、fromD、at
选A 考查介词表示时间的用法。during the night的意思为“在晚上的某个时间”。
15、Young as he is, David has gained ____ rich experience in ____ society.
A、the; theB、a; 不填C、不填;不填D、不填;the
选C 考查冠词的用法,experience意思为“经验”时是一个不可数名词,当意思为“经历”时是一个可数名词。本题是他在社会中赢得了很丰富的经验,experience在此为不可数名词,社会在这里是抽象名词,所以不加冠词。
16、____ from endless homework on weekends, the students now find their own activities, such as taking a ride together to watch the sunwise.
A、FreedB、FreeingC、To freeD、having freed
选A 本题考查free的用法。在这里free的意思为:解除负担、义务或限制。在本题中,free和句子的主语之间是一种逻辑上是动宾关系,所以要用过去分词形式,表示一种被动与完成。
17、--So you missed the meeting.
--____. I got there five minutes before it finished.
A、Not at allB、Not exactlyC、Not especiallyD、Not really
选B 本题是对情景交际用语的考查。“你错过了开会”,而从答语中的“我在会议结束前五分钟到达会场”,可以看出答话者认为对方讲话不够确切,毕竟答话者参加了会议,只不过迟到而已。
18、--Do you mind if I smoke?
--____
A、Why not?B、Yes, help yourselfC、Go aheadD、Yes, but you’d better not
选C 本题考查交际用语,表示许可时,肯定回答常用“Yes, please./ Of course, you may./ Go ahead, please./ Not at all./ Just help yourself.”等表示。B和D选项前后矛盾。
19、--We must thank you for taking the trouble to cook us a meal.
--____.
A、With pleasureB、It doesn’t matterC、It was no trouble at allD、By all means
选C 本题考查交际用语。当对方表示感谢时,常用的答语有:You’re welcome./ It’s nothing./ That’s all right./ Don’t mention it./ It’s a pleasure./ It’s my pleasure./ That’s nothing./ It was no trouble at all.等。A项意思为“乐于效劳”;D项表示同意等;B项“不要紧、没关系”。
20、____ the temperature might drop, coal was prepared for warming.
A、To considerB、ConsideredC、ConsideringD、To be considered
选C 根据句意,该空须填一个连词。Considering连词,“就……而论;照……来看”。
21、--Tom, you are caught late again.
--Oh, ____.
A、not at allB、just my luckC、never mindD、that’s all right
选B just my luck是习语,意思为“真倒霉!”。not at all和that’s all right多用于对方感谢时的应答语,“不客气”。Never mind用于对方道歉时的应答语,“没关系”。
22、--What do you think of the concert?
--I really enjoy it. I didn’t expect it was ____ wonderful.
A、asB、moreC、mostD、very
选A 这是一个省略句,承接上文,省略了as I had thought。
23、The engineers made two big plans for the dam, ____ was never put in force.
A、one of themB、whichC、one of whichD、every one of which
选C 本题主要是对句子结构及关系是考查。根据逗号可知,后面句子为非限制性定 语从句,先行词是plan;再根据句子中的was及前面的two可知本题的正确答案为C。
24、I have no one ____ me, for I am a new comer here.
A、helpB、helpingC、to helpD、to have helped
选C 本题主要考查非谓语动词的用法。根据句意可知句子空白处的非谓语动词作定语,用have sb. /sth. to do的结构。
25、The little girl couldn’t work the problem out. She wasn’t ____ clever.
A、thatB、muchC、enoughD、too
选A 本题主要是对副词的考查。that作副词时,相当于so,强调所指的某一程度;much作副词时,一般只用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级及动词;enough作副词时,总是用在谓语所修饰的形容词或副词之后;too作副词时,强调事物的程度已超出某范围,让人难以应付。
26、Listen! His family must be quarrelling, ____?
A、mustn’t itB、isn’t itC、aren’t theyD、needn’t they
选C 本题主要考查反意疑问句的表达方式。根据listen可知,must be quarrelling表示推测,此时反意疑问句中的动词须依主语而定,由于his family是指他家里的人,故be用复数形式。
27、The police have ____ power to deal with such matters by ____ law.
A、the; theB、不填;不填C、不填;theD、the;不填
选D 本题主要考查冠词的用法。句子第一空后面的不定式做定语对power进行修饰,特指某种权力,用定冠词the;而第二空后面的law泛指“法律”这一概念,不用冠词。
28、Jack felt unhappy as they all went outing ____ him.
A、exceptB、butC、withoutD、besides
选C 本题主要考查介词的用法区别。根据句子中的felt unhappy可知,句子中表示一种心理状态,于是,正确答案为C。
29、That she hadn’t kept her ____ on her work resulted in the failure.
A、headB、heartC、brainD、mind
选D 本题主要考查名词的意义区别。根据后面的resulted in failure可知,她没有专心于工作,而keep one’s mind on意思为“专心于”,于是正确答案为D。
30、--Did your sister pass the exam?
--She failed and is in low spirits.
--I’m sorry for her.
--____.
A、Thank youB、You’re welcomeC、I would think soD、Never mind
选A 本题主要考查英语交际用语的应用。根据对方的话“I’m sorry for her”表示对她的关心,于是回答应该用“谢谢”,因此正确答案为A。
31、The students spent as much time getting trained as they ____ studying.
A、dislikedB、wereC、hadD、did
选D 本题考查学生分析句子的能力。只要学生看出as…as前后句式平衡,也就是:The students spent as much time getting trained as they spent (in) studying.就不难选对D,此时did指代spent。
32、It was believed that things would get worse, but ____ it is they are getting better.
A、beforeB、afterC、becauseD、as
选D 本题要求考生会分析语意。本题联系到省略:but as it is going now, they are getting better(这和前面提出的would get worse作意义比较)。
33、As time went by, the plan stuck ____ fairly practical.
A、to provedB、to provingC、provedD、to be proved
选A 本题要求学生会分析句子。本题为省略which/that的定语从句,proved是the plan的谓语,stick to的宾语是which/that。
34、More than one ____ the people heart and soul.
A、official has served B、officials have served
C、official has served for D、officials have served for
选A 本题考查主谓一致问题。more than one后跟动词的第三人称单数形式。serve此处为及物动词。
35、The president stood by a window inside the room, ____, looking over the square.
A、where I enteredB、into which I enteredC、which I enteredD、that I entered
选C 考查定语从句。Enter为及物动词,先行词the room为其宾语,不需使用介词,也不能用where。非限制性定语从句只能使用which。
36、Though I ____ to go abroad, I changed my mind and decided to stay with my family.
A、had wantedB、wantedC、would wantD、did want
选A 考查动词的用法。want,think,intend,hope等表示人的想法或愿望的词可用一般过去时表示与现在情况相反的看法或难以实现的愿望,其过去完成时可表示过去未曾实现的想法或愿望。
37、My brother is very tall. The little bed won’t ____ for him.
A、prepareB、matchC、fitD、do
选D 本题主要考查动词的意义、用法区别。
38、--Thank you so much for the lovely evening, Dennis.
--You’re quite welcome, Julie. ____. We’d been looking forward to seeing you.
A、Were glad to meet youB、I’m afraid you didn’t have a good time
C、Thank you for your comingD、Just stay a little longer, please
选C 本题主要考查语境及英语在交际中的应用。根据句子的意思可知,本题答案选C,对某人的来临表示感谢。
39、Scientists say they have found a way to produce the human body’s own cancer-killing cells through gene treatment, ____ new hope to cancer sufferers.
A、offeringB、showingC、takingD、making
选A 本题主要考查词义的用法区别。选项A意思是“给……提供”;选项B意思是“给……看,展示”;选项C意思是“把……带到”;选项D意思是“制造,制作”。根据句子的意思可知正确答案为A。
40、We are going to discuss the way of reading works ____ it is used for real life purposes, and this should give you a better understanding of it.
A、thatB、whichC、whereD、when
选D 本题主要考查对句子结构、逻辑关系的理解及引导词的应用。根据句子结构reading works ____ it is used for real life purposes作定语修饰前面的the way;根据reading works与it is used for real life purposes的逻辑关系,空后面句子为状语从句,从而排除选项A、B;根据句子的意思:我们将要讨论阅读在用作真实的生活目的时如何起作用的方法,从而可知正确答案为D。
41、--The dinner was delicious!
--I agree. I am so full.
--That’s too bad. But some dessert ____.
has ordered B、will be ordered
C、has been ordered D、was going to be ordered
选C 本题主要考查动词的时态及语态在交际中的应用。根据主语与谓语动词的关系可知是被订购,于是排除选项A;选项B表示将要发生的事情;选项C表示已经发生的事情;选项D表示过去某个时候即将发生的事情。根据前面的That’s too bad.可知,事情已经发生,于是正确答案选C。
42、--This wall of air is an effective answer to the problem and it ____ work.
--But it is a question to put such a wall of air around the statue.
A、mayB、mustC、shouldD、could
选C 本题主要考查情态动词的用法。选项A表示事实上的可能或允许;选项B表示要求或肯定的推测;选项C表示建议或根据一般情况的推测;选项D表示较小的可能性。根据句子中的关键词an effective answer可知,后面表示在一般情况下的推测。
43、We should know that we can only reach the top if we are ready to ____ and learn from failure.
A、deal withB、depend onC、carry onD、go with
选A 本题主要考查动词短语的意义区别。选项A的意思是处置、处理;选项B意思是依赖、依靠;选项C的意思是进行下去,继续开展,坚持下去;选项D的意思是伴随,与……相配,与……持同一看法。。根据语境可知答案选A。
44、--Good evening. I ____ to see Miss Jessic.
--Oh! Good evening. I’m sorry, but she is not in.
A、cameB、comeC、have comeD、had come
选C 本题主要考查动词时态的用法。选项A表示过去所发生的事情;选项B表示经常性或习惯性的动作;选项C表示目前的情况;选项D表示过去某时间前所发生的事情。根据语境选C。
45、--Please call me at 8:00 tomorrow morning. I’m kind of forgetful.
--Don’t worry about that, you’ll be surely ____.
A、remindedB、toldC、warnedD、informed
选A 本题主要考查动词的意义区别。选项A意思是提醒;选项B 意思是告诉;选项C意思是警告;选项D意思是通知。根据句意,本题正确答案为A。
46、--What’s the matter with Tim?
--Oh, Tim’s cellphone was left in a taxi accidentally, never ____ again.
A、to findB、to be foundC、findingD、being found
选B 本题主要考查非谓语动词的应用。根据非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系,可排除选项A、C;而选项B表示出乎意外的、今后的结果;选项D表示自然的、经常性的结果。
47、A terrible earthquake happened in that district at the end of 2004, ____ many countries in the world paid close attention to this.
A、whereB、whenC、whichD、what
选B 本题主要是对非限制性定语从句中关系词的考查。分析句子可知,关系词在此作定语,故排除选项D;根据句子结构,先行词在从句中作状语,从而排除选项C;根据句子的意思可知,先行词应该是at the end of 2004,而不是in that district,故本题的正确答案为B。
48、--How come a simple meal like this costs so much?
--We have ____ in your bill the cost of the cup you broke just now.
A、addedB、includedC、containedD、charged
选B 考查动词。根据句意“你的帐单中已包括刚才比打破的杯子的费用。”include(have as a part)指包含不同的一部分,contain(have within itself)着重指被容纳的东西是整体中的组成部分。
49、--You didn’t wait for Mr. Black last night, did you?
--No, but we ____. He didn’t return home at all.
couldn’t have B、needn’t have
C、didn’t need to D、should wait have
选C 考查情态动词。根据语境“No”可知“我们没有等”。根据“He didn’t return home at all.”说明“我们不必等。”而B项表示已等过。
50、--How do you think I should receive the reporter?
--____ you feel about him, try to be polite.
A、HowB、WhatC、WhateverD、However
选D 根据语境可知不管你觉得他怎样,尽量礼貌地对他。however引导让步状语从句,在从句中作feel的表语。
51、____ has recently been done to provide more buses for the people, a shortage of public vehicles remains a serious problem.
A、ThatB、WhatC、In spite of whatD、Though what
选C 语意为尽管最近已经采取了许多措施给人们提供更多的公交车,但公交车辆的缺乏仍是个严峻的问题。what引导的是名词性从句,相当于名词或名词性短语,不可放在though后,但可放在in spite of后。
52、As we have much time left, let’s discuss the matter ____ tea and cake.
A、overB、withC、by D、at
选A 考查介词。over表示一边……,一边……。一边喝茶吃蛋糕,一边讨论这事。
53、Mr Black must be worried about something. You can ____ it from the look on his face.
A、reasonB、recognizeC、readD、realize
选C 本题考查动词辨析。reason“思考、想到”,强调通过思索而推理出某结果;recognize强调“认出”某人或某物;realize作“认知、了解、实现”解;read意为“观察、了解”。read one’s thought弄懂某人的想法。
54、--Can I pay the bill by check?
--Sorry, sir. But it is the management rule of our hotel that payment ____ be made in cash.
A、shallB、needC、willD、can
选A 本题考查情态动词的用法,shall用于第一和第三人称的陈述句中,表示命令、许诺等,语气很强。can表示可能性,will表将来,need意为需要,都不适用。
55、If you win the competition, you will be given ____ to Europe for two.
A、a free 7-day trip B、a free trip for 7-day
C、a 7-day free trip D、a trip for 7-day free
选C “数词+连字符+名词”只能作定语,放在被修饰的名词前,由于free与被修饰对象更紧密一些,因此,只能C项成立。
56、--Hey, Kelin. Happy new year! ____?
--Ok, I guess. My grandma kept cooking and cooking, so I just kept eating.
A、How was your breakB、How is your grandma
C、Where did you go for holidayD、What did you do in your holiday
选A 通过后面的答语可以看出所问的是:你假期过的怎样?B项是问你的奶奶,C项是问假期的去处,D项是问你假期都做些什么事。三者与后面的答语不符合。所以选A。
57、--Would you mind giving your advice on how to improve our business management?
--if you make ____ most of the equipment, there will be ____ rise in production.
A、不填;不填 B、the;a C、不填;a D、the;不填
选B 考查冠词的用法。如果你改进设备中的大部分(特指),那你的产量就会有一个大的提高(抽象概念具体化),所以本题选B。
58、--Will $200 ____ the cost of the damage?
--I’m afraid not. I need at least $100 more.
A、doB、includeC、coverD、afford
选C do的主语是人,include应该用被动语态,afford的主语是人,是买的起的意思。通过排除法可知选cover,意思是包括,所以本题选C。
59、If you live in the country or have ever visited there, ____ are that you have heard birds singing to welcome the new day.
A、situationsB、factsC、dancesD、possibilities
选C 本题考查名词语意的选择。在此处chances的意思是“有……的可能”。本句句意为“你就有可能听到小鸟歌唱来迎接每一天。”
60、I ____ you, but I didn’t think you would listen to me.
A、could have toldB、must have toldC、should tellD、might rell
选A 本题考查情态动词的用法。此处语意为“我当时本应该告诉你(could have told you),但我想你不会听我的话”。英语中常用could/might/should/ought to have done这一结构表示“本应该做而没做”。
61、This problem may lead to more serious ones if ____ unsolved.
A、makingB、remainedC、keepingD、left
选D 本题考查省略句的用法。此处完整的句子应为:This problem may lead to more serious ones if it is left unsolved.在从句中如果主语与主句的主语一致时,常将从句的主语和谓语的一部分省略。
62、I have no dreams ____ to have a happy life.
A、rather thanB、more thanC、other thanD、less than
选C 本题考查短语的用法区别。rather than的意思是“是……不是……”、“宁愿……而不愿……”,more than的意思为“超过、不仅”,other than的意思是“除了”,less than的意思是“少于、决不”。在此处只有选项C最符合本句意义:除了梦想过上好生活,我没有别的梦想了。
63、--You know Mr. Green has been ill for days?
--Yes, I wonder if he is ____ better now.
A、some B、much C、any D、no
选C any better意为好了一点,符合日常生活对话情景。much better、no better虽符合语法,但不符合该题语境。
64、$100 a month could hardly ____ the cost of his life in such a big city in this country.
A、spendB、take C、cover D、meet
选C cover=be enough for sth.易误选D,meet支付、偿付(某费用,主语一般为人)。
65、Working in the kitchen for years made Tom ____ a good cook.
A、for B、into C、of D、as
选B make sb. into sb.将某人变成某人
66、She was such a proud person that she would die ____ she would admit she was wrong.
A、rather thanB、untilC、afterD、before
选D before在本句中意为rather than sth
67、--Are you through with your homework?
--Well, ____.
A、sort of B、go ahead C、why not D、that’s OK
选A sort of达到某种程度
68、--What field will your son go into after graduation from Nanjing University?
--I’m not quite certain, but he ____ a good teacher of English.
A、promises B、becomes C、makes D、proves
选A 本题考查动词在具体语境中的意义。promise在此处的意思为“预示会成为”,其他三个选项的动词意义与本题语境不符。
69、My mother is always warning me when I go out, “Don’t get off the bus ____ it is stopping.”
A、untilB、beforeC、whileD、after
选C 本题考查连词的用法。由语境分析可知,此处表达的意思为“在公共汽车将要停止的过程中不能下车”,能表达此意的连词只有while,表示“在……过程中”
70、The dance performed by the disabled actors is really a hit, but years ago no one ____ they were to achieve such great success.
A、must have imaginedB、could have imagined
C、should have imaginedD、would have imagined
选B 本题考查情态动词的用法。由句中的years ago可知这里是对过去发生事情的揣测,因此应用could have imagined。
71、The young lady prefers dressing up for a party to ____ by others.
A、be noticedB、being noticedC、having been noticedD、have been noticed
选A 本题考查非谓语动词的用法。由句意可知,此处的非谓语在句中作目的状语,意思为“这位年轻的女子喜欢化妆是为了能被别人注意到”。
72、Before the war broke out, many people ____ possessions they could not take with them.
A、threw awayB、put awayC、gave awayD、carried away
选B 本题主要考查对动词短语的意义辨析。选项A的意思是“扔掉”;选项B的意思是“把……收拾好,储藏……备用”;选项C的意思是“赠送,分发,泄漏,放弃”;选项D的意思是指“冲走”。根据句子的意思,战争爆发时,许多人把带不走的东西收拾起来。于是本题的正确答案选B。
73、____ the pressure from work, teachers have to deal with psychological problems caused by interpersonal relationship.
A、As far asB、As long asC、As well asD、As soon as
选C 本题主要考查短语意义的辨析。选项A表示“直到、远到,就……,尽……,至于”;选项B的意思是“只要”;选项C的意思是“又,和,及,除了……,还”;选项D的意思是“尽快”。根据句子的意思,除了工作压力外,老师还必须处理由于人际关系所引起的心理问题,故选C。
74、--I hear your aunt likes travel, music, clothes and fine food.
--Oh, yeah, and music may have been ____ of her tastes.
A、the rather more respectableB、much the most respectable
C、very the most respectableD、even more respectable one
选B 本题考查形容词的比较级和最高级。第一句中的“travel,music,clothes and fine food”已给出提示,此空格处要用最高级,所以我们首先排除A和D项。very和much都可以修饰最高级,但在句中的位置不同。very在定冠词the之后,而much则在the之前。
75、____ children tend to prefer sweets to meat.
A、The mostB、MostC、Most ofD、The most of the
选B 这里Most相当于Most of the,表示“大多数”。The most表示“最……”,与句子意思不符。
76、--He looks very hot and dry.
--So ____ if you had a temperature of 103.
A、would youB、will youC、would you have beenD、do you
选A 本句中从句谓语动词had是解题的关键,这暗示句子使用了虚拟语气(与将来事实相反,主句谓语动词用could,would等)。同时,句子的内在逻辑暗示这里应用“so+谓语+主语”句型表示前边一种情况也适用于后者。
77、In 1927 Benjamin Franklin founded one of the first adult-education organizations, ____ the Junto.
A、has been calledB、to callC、a group calledD、which group called
选C 根据句子意思,a group called…用作同位语,对前边起补充说明作用,其中called the Junto是过去分词短语用作定语。
78、The car ____ at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about nine o’clock tonight.
A、wentB、is goingC、goesD、will be going
选D 考查时态。此处用将来进行时表示因自然之趋势而发生的将来的结果。
79、--You didn’t invite Mary to the ball?
--____ her, too?
Must I invite B、Should I have invited
C、Must I have invited D、Should I invite
选B 考查情态动词。should have done本该做但事实上并未做。
80、The number 9.11 is a special number, ____, I think, that will be remembered by the Americans forever.
A、what B、it C、which D、one
选D 考查代词。one作number的同位语。
81、Will you see to ____ that my birds are looked after well while I’m away?
A、them B、yourself C、it D、me
选C 考查it作形式宾语的用法。
82、Many teens don’t get enough sleep because they have too much homework, which ____ them up at night.
A、makesB、breaksC、turnsD、keeps
选D 本题主要考查动词短语的意义区别。接人作宾语时,选项A与之构成make up,指给演员化妆;break up,指驱散、遣散;turn up一般不接人作宾语;keep up,指使某人熬夜。根据句子的意思本题的正确答案选D。
83、--Ms Lin looks rather a kind lady.
--But in fact she is cold and hard on us. You ____ believe it!
A、shouldn’tB、wouldn’tC、mustn’tD、needn’t
选B 本题主要考查情态动词的意义和用法。选项A表示建议;选项B表示推测;选项C表示禁止;选项D表示需求。根据句子的意思,本题正确答案为B。
84、The program is like a window on the world ____ you sit by it and fix your attention on what it shows.
A、ifB、asC、whileD、unless
选A 本题主要考查对句子间逻辑关系的理解。选项A表示条件;选项B表示时间或原因;选项C表示时间;选项D表示否定意义的条件。根据句子的逻辑关系,答案为A。
85、____ the search engine just gave me some brief introductions rather than the whole content of the book to read.
A、LuckilyB、MostlyC、FunnilyD、Disappointingly
选D 本题主要考查对副词意义的辨析及对句子意思的理解。选项A的意思是“幸运、感到幸运的是”;选项B的意思是“大部分地,主要地”;选项C的意思是“滑稽地、可笑地”,表示事物的特征;选项D的意思是“令人感到失望的是”。根据句意可知答案为D。
86、--Did you know any French before you arrived in Washington?
--Never ____ it, actually.
A、had I learnedB、have I learnedC、I learnedD、was I learning
选A 本题主要是对动词时态及句子语序的考查。否定词never置于句首,句子用倒装语序,排除选项C;根据句子的意思,强调在到Washington之前未学过法语,而到Washington是过去的事情,学法语则是过去的过去,须用过去完成时表示,于是本题的答案为A。
87、In fact, more and more people ____ to live a greener, healthier and more environmentally “green life”.
A、choseB、chooseC、are choosingD、have chosen
选C 本题主要是对动词时态的考查。选项C表示目前所正在发生或进行的动作、行为。根据句子的意思,描述目前人们生活中所发生的事情,于是本题的最佳答案为C。
88、A special dinner there might include Chinese pork dish, British roast beef and French-style vegetables. Boiled rice ____ just about everything.
A、is served withB、will serveC、serves withD、is served
选A 本题主要是对动词的时态、语态及搭配的考查。根据句子的意思,表示一种经常性的生活方式,故须用一般现在时;从主语与动词的关系来看,须用被动语态;再根据动词的搭配,不管什么菜都供应米饭,应该接介词with,于是,本题的正确答案为A。
89、The professor walked onto the platform and seated himself in a chair, ____ for answering questions.
A、had preparedB、being preparedC、preparingD、prepared
选D 本题主要考查对句子结构的理解。根据句子中的walked onto…and seated himself…可知,句子表示几个动作的延续,应该用几个动词的并列答案选D。
90、In Scandinavian countries it is common ____ for the husband to stay at home to look after the baby.
A、useB、senseC、practiceD、idea
选C practice指惯例、习惯做法,而common sense指常识。
91、--Why was our foreign teacher unhappy yesterday?
--News about the tsunami striking her country ____ an attack of homesickness.
A、set forB、set outC、set aboutD、set off
选D set off引起,激起。A letter from his home set off an attack of homesickness…。set out出发,开始;set about开始着手。
92、--We are informed that the Weifang International Kite Festival starts at 7:00.
--Oh, I didn’t expect it was so early! I ____ to go out for dinner with my friends first.
A、was planningB、am planningC、have been planningD、have planned
选A 用过去进行时表示过去本打算干某事而实际并没干。
93、____ abroad for a tour can be a great honor for an ordinary person like me.
A、TakenB、TakingC、Being takenD、Having been taken
选C 句子缺少主语,首先排除A、D;B项表示主动,只能选C。
94、--Did your classmate accept your invitation?
--No, he ____ refused.
A、as far asB、as well asC、as soon asD、as good as
选D as good as,实际上,几乎等于。
95、I spent the whole day repairing the motorbike. The work was ____ simple.
A、nothing butB、anything butC、something of D、all except
选B anything but意为“一点也不”;nothing but等于only意为“正是,只是”,根据上文提供的语境,“这项工作很麻烦”。
96、--Not getting that job was a big let-down.
--Don’t worry. Something better will ____.
A、come alongB、take on C、go byD、fall behind
选A 本题主要考查动词短语的意义辨析。选项A的意思是“出现,进展,一起来”;选项B的意思是“呈现,雇佣,接纳,承担”;选项C的意思是“经过”;选项D的意思是“落后”。根据对话的内容,前者表现出对没有得到工作的悲观情绪,后者表示对他的安慰,指更好的事情会出现,于是本题的正确答案为A。
97、____ the help of experienced career instructors, this type of job-hunting training ____ to be very efficient.
A、By; has proved B、With; has proved
C、Under; is proving D、With; is proved
选B 本题主要考查固定搭配的识记及动词的语态。根据help的搭配要求,介词须用with,从而排除选项A、C;动词prove表示事物的性质时,为不及物动词,不用被动形式,于是本题的正确答案为B。
98、To get as much firsthand information as possible, inspectors will hold workshops and distribute questionnaires, ____?
A、isn’t itB、won’t itC、aren’t theyD、won’t they
选D 本题主要考查反意疑问句部分的逻辑一致性。句子的主语是inspectors,代词用they代替;谓语动词的时态为带will的将来时,疑问部分应用won’t形式,于是本题选D。
99、It’s a bad practice to ____ children much money as a New Year gift.
A、promiseB、permitC、admitD、allow
选D 考查词义辨析。allow允许,使得到,而permit强调“正式认”“批准”。
100、By the time you arrive home, I ____, so please don’t make any noise when you come in.
A、shall have been sleeping B、shall have slept
C、shall sleep D、shall be sleeping
选D 考查时态。根据题意,等到你到家的时候,我将正在睡觉。
101、Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true ____ it comes to classroom tests.
A、beforeB、sinceC、whenD、after
选C when it comes to意为当提到或谈到……。
102、If you don’t keep the meat in the refrigerator on such a hot day, it may ____.
A、go out B、go away C、go off D、go down
选C 考查动词短语辨析,go off意为(食物等)变坏。
103、His letter was especially welcome as I ____ from him for long.
A、haven’t heardB、would not heardC、hadn’t heardD、didn’t heard
选C 本题考查语境中的时态综合运用。从内容上看应为完成时,从所给信息看,应为过去时,这样就容易作出正确选择:过去完成时。
104、Examination compositions, together with most business letters and government reports, are the main situations ____ formal language is used.
A、in whichB、on whichC、of whichD、for which
选A 考查定语从句在语境中的具体运用。先行词为situation应用介词in:in the situation。
105、There aren’t many seats left for the concert; you had better make sure ____ two today.
A、getting B、to have got
C、that you get D、that you will get
选C 本题考查短语make sure + that clause,句中是祈使句,一般用一般现在时而不用一般将来时。
106、--You can’t imagine ____ fantastic fun web chatting is.
--Really? But it may cause a lot of trouble sometimes.
A、what B、how C、why D、so
选A 本题是在宾语从句中融入了一个感叹句:what fun!
107、____ friend of my grandfather’s will come tomorrow. I’m wondering how old ____ man he might be.
A、The; aB、The; theC、A; aD、A; the
选C a friend of my grandfather’s意为“我爷爷的一位朋友”。这是一个双重所有格。由于man是第一次提及,因此也要用不定冠词。
108、--Who is making so much noise in the garden?
--____ the children.
A、There areB、They areC、That isD、It is
选D 这是一个强调句,后面省略了“that are making so much noise in the garden”。
109、The Cleveland Cavaliers ____ the Los Angeles Lakers 108-89 in the NBA on Sunday.
A、hit B、hitted C、beat D、beated
选C hit与beat都与“打”有关。hit侧重于“击中”,有时也可以表示“打一下”;beat“打一顿”,指连续地打,另外beat还有“打赢”、“胜过”和“(心脏等)跳动”的意思。
110、--How did you sleep last night?
--Like a log. Never slept ____.
A、well B、deeplyC、better D、best
选C “like a log”意为“睡得死死的”,可推知后句的意思是“我从未有睡得比昨晚更好的时候”。
111、--The book isn’t easy for Jack to understand, is it?
--____. His foreign language is far better than expected.
A、No, it isn’tB、I’m afraid notC、I don’t think soD、Yes, it is
选D 由答句“His foreign language is far better than expected.(他的外语比预料的要好得多。)”可推知,这本书对他来讲很容易。
112、To read Tolstoy and ____ to the nineteenth century Russian literature are two excellent reasons for taking Professor Morrel’s course.
A、to introduce B、introduce C、being introduced D、to be introduced
选D 不定式和动名词均可用来作主语,但要注意它们的一致性。另外introduce是及物动词,这里要用被动式。
113、You’d better not wear such ties, because they ____ three years ago.
A、went on B、went off C、went overD、went out
选D 考查动词短语。此处go out意为“不流行,过时,停止使用”。
114、--“Dear Frank, when will our wedding be?”
--“Ah, when? God knows.” He said, and ____ away from her, walked rapidly away.
A、turningB、turned C、turn D、to turn
选A 考查非谓语动词。turning away from her是现在分词短语作伴随状语。
115、--Watch!
--I ____ but ____ I ____ anything unusual.
A、watched; have watched B、have watched; am not seeing
C、was watching; wasn’t seeingD、am watching; don’t see
选D 考查动词。watch表示观看的过程,see指看的结果,表示看见了、看清楚了。
116、He ____ writing the paper now. He hadn’t written a single word when I left him ten minutes ago.
A、shouldn’t be B、can’t have finished
C、can’t be D、mustn’t have finished
选B 考查情态动词。“can’t have + 过去分词”表示对过去情况的可能性推测,此处意为“不可能已完成”。
117、--Why are the tax collectors so busy?
--Many people prefer to have their tax forms completed by a professional rather than ___.
A、do it themselvesB、doing it themselves
C、to do it themselvesD、done by themselves
选A 考查固定结构。prefer to…rather than…意为“宁愿……不愿……”,其后接动词原形。
118、She felt sorry that she had disturbed the ____ calmness of a man she respected.
A、regularB、curiousC、usualD、various
选C 考查形容词。usual做“通(往)常的”或“平常的”讲,是指在某处、某一时间或某人身上所常见的东西或发生的情况。
119、I haven’t read ____ of his books, but judging from the one I have read I think he’s a very promising writer.
A、any B、none C、both D、either
选C 根据句子后半部分“我已经读了其中的一本”,此句是表示“部分否定”。
120、Women have ____ equal say in affairs at home.
A、anyB、someC、/D、an
选D 句中的say是名词,意为“决定权”,have/want a(an)…say in…意为“在……方面有(要)决定权”。
121、--Tomorrow ____ my birthday. I’d like you and Jane to come.
--I’m not sure if she ____ free.
A、will be; isB、is going to; isC、is; isD、is; will be
选D 第一空是表示“不以人的意志为转移的客观事实”,用一般现在时;第二空是表示“将来的动作”,用一般将来时。
122、--Do you have anything in mind ____ you’d like for supper?
--Well, ____ is okay with me.
that; anything B、which; everything
C、what; whatever D、where; something
选A 第一句是that引导的定语从句,先行词为不定代词anything,关系代词只能用that。第二句中的anything用在肯定句中,意为“任何东西”,含有“无一例外”之意。
123、Parents are advised to take pressure ____ a child and give him some encouragement before an exam.
A、off B、out C、from D、away
选A 本题考查动词take构成的短语,take sth off意为“除掉,清除”。
124、The generous donation from China to the sufferers in the killing Indian Ocean Quake-tsunami has ____ the Chinese people’s unselfishness and internationalism.
A、let outB、brought outC、given out D、taken out
选B 本题考查动词短语的区别,bring out“清楚地显示某事物,阐明,说明”;let out“发出”;give out“用光,消耗尽”;take out“移开,拿开”。
125、My command of English is not ____ yours.
A、as half asB、so half good asC、good as half asD、half so good as
选D 在表示比较的句型中,表示倍数或程度的副词常放在表比较的词语之前,即:be + 倍数或程度的副词+ as…as。
126、I know the man by ____ but I have never spoken to him.
A、chanceB、heartC、sightD、experience
选C know sb by sight意为“面熟”。
127、____ nearly all behavior is learned behavior is a basic assumption of social scientists.
A、/B、ThatC、It is acceptableD、When
选B 根据句子的结构分析,句中的nearly all behavior is learned behavior是一个完整的句子在充当主语,称为主语从句。that引导主语从句只起连接作用,没有实际含义,但不能省略。
128、--Mary, what would you say to a holiday for the weekend?
--____. I am simply tired of life here.
A、You’re taken the words out of my mouthB、Enjoy yourself
C、I can’t afford the timeD、Where should we go?
选A 本题考查情景交际英语。根据上下文的意义,Mary的答语意为:你问的问题正是我要说的。固定词组take the words out of one’s mouth意为“说出某人要说的话”。
129、A British man who ____ to play practical jokes ____ his own humorous art work in four major New York museums over the last two weeks.
A、liked; has secretly hung B、likes; has secretly hung
C、had liked; secretly hung D、has liked; secretly hung
选B 本题主要对动词的时态进行考查。根据句子后面的时间状语over the last two weeks可知,主句用现在完成时,而定语从句说明的是这个英国人的喜好,为一般行为,故应该用一般现在时。
130、--Are you content with her lecture?
--Nowhere near that. It ____.
may have been good B、couldn’t have been worse
C、can’t be better D、must be better
选B 本题主要考查情态动词的用法。根据回答“还差的很远”可知,她的演讲非常糟糕,于是本题的正确答案选B,couldn’t接比较级表示最高级,本选项的意思为“最糟糕了”。
131、Shanghai is the first city in the world ____a high-speed maglev train, from the city to Pudong Airport.
A、to buildB、to be builtC、to have builtD、to have been built
选C 本题主要考查不定式各种形式的意义和用法。根据句子的逻辑关系,上海是修建磁力悬浮列车的执行者,不能用被动形式,根据句子的意思,不定式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。
132、After the 1980s, the West became Godlike to many Chinese because of ____ Westerners’ wealth, and ____ freedom to do what they wanted.
A、/; /B、the; theC、the; /D、/; the
选D 本题主要考查冠词的用法。第一空复数形式表示西方人这一类别,不用冠词;第二空特指做他们想做的事情的这种自由,须用定冠词the,从而正确答案为D。
133、Experience is believing. If you’d like to know what it ____ like to be a soldier in World War Ⅱ,____ the game “Brothers in Arms: Roads to Hill 30”.
A、would be; tryB、was; tryC、would be; tryingD、was; trying
选B 本题主要考查动词的时态。根据句子中的in World War Ⅱ可知,第一空用动词的过去时态;第二空表示要求对方去尝试某项活动,祈使句,用动词原形,于是答案为B。
134、The inspector ____ his fingers over the sheet of newspaper. There were some marks on the surface of the paper.
A、turnedB、setC、heldD、ran
选D 本题考查动词在特定语境中的使用。题干中第二个分句的意思是:在纸面上有一些痕迹。该分句要求前面用run,run在此句中的意思是“做……快速移动”。
135、The size of the generation gap seems to be spreading with ____ rapid changes in technology, in education, in transportation and in communication that are taking place all over ____ globe.
A、the; the B、the; / C、/; / D、/; the
选A 本题考查冠词。句中的changes后面有限制性定语从句修饰,所以其前要有定冠词进行特指。
136、Nothing in my life has meant ____ to me as his praise.
A、as muchB、moreC、that muchD、as good
选A 本题考查句型搭配。本题的关键部分是as his praise(像他的赞扬一样),由此判断前面用as much,构成as…as…句型。
137、Never in my wildest dreams ____ lead to a career in the NBA, which has allowed me to give back to my people in Africa.
A、I thought the chance wouldB、I thought would the chance
C、did I think the chance wouldD、did I think would the chance
选C 本题考查倒装句式。像never,not a…,hardly,little等这样的否定词为了强调或修辞需要提到句首时,该句在习惯上要形成部分倒装句式,即把谓语部分中的助动词、系动词、情态动词或把did/does/do助动词提到主语的前面。
138、--May I put my luggage on the seat beside you, sir?
--____.
Sure, with pleasureB、Okay, please yourself
C、Well, never mind D、Yes, help yourself
选B 本题主要考查英语交际用语的应用。选项A表示愿意帮忙;选项B表示同意;选项C表示安慰;选项D表示招待。根据对方的问题,回答只能是B。
139、She’s fainted. Throw some water on her face and she’ll ____.
A、come roundB、come alongC、come onD、come out
选A 本题主要考查短语动词的意义区别。选项A的意思是“绕道而来,回心转意,苏醒过来”;选项B的意思是“一起来,一道走,进展,出现”;选项C的意思是“进步,进展,成长,开始”;选项D的意思是“(花)开放,出版,露出”。根据句子的意思,选A。
140、Small as it is, the ant is as much a creature as ____ all other animals on the earth.
A、are B、is C、have D、do
选A 本题主要考查对句子的结构的辨析。根据句子的意义可知,第二个as引导一个定语从句修饰先行词a creature;根据句子结构,先行词在从句中作表语,从句的谓语动词的形式由后面的主语all other animals决定用are,于是本题的正确答案为A。
141、--How is it that you know she’s got back from the UK?
--She ____ when I came out of the house this morning.
seemed to be passing B、happened to have passed
C、chanced to be passing D、chose to be passing
选C 本题主要对动词及不定式的不同形式的意义的考查。选项A表示意义不很确定;选项B表示经过的行为碰巧已经发生;选项C表示碰巧正好经过;选项D表示选定或愿意正从那儿经过。
142、--Is there any hope of saving his life?
--His injuries are extremely serious, but he’s expected to ____.
A、pull inB、pull throughC、pull upD、pull over
选B 本题主要考查对短语动词意义的辨析。选项A的意思是“停站,进站,靠岸”;选项B的意思是“恢复健康,度过危机,度过危险”;选项C的意思是“阻止,斥责,使停下”;选项D的意思是“把……拉过来,把……划到对岸去”。根据句子的意思,本题的正确的答案为B。
143、All the task ____ ahead of time, they decided to go on holiday for a week.
A、had been finished B、were finished
C、having been finished D、been finished
选C 本题主要考查对句子结构的辨析。根据句子中的逗号可知,逗号前面部分不能是单独的句子,从而排除选项A、B;再根据动词的过去分词没有被动语态这一知识可知,选项D错误
144、--He ought ot have been warned of the danger.
--____, but he wouldn’t listen to me.
yes, he ought to B、So he was
C、So was he D、So it was with him
选B 考查“so +主语+助动词”的用法。强调“我的确警告他了,但是他没有听从我的建议。”选项A最具有迷惑性,学生容易受思维定势的影响。“ought to have done sth”表示“该做的事而没有做”,注意上下文的联系。
145、Lang Ping, who is said to have started her coaching career in America, ____ volleyball in China for almost twenty years.
A、playedB、have playedC、was playingD、had played
选A 考查过去时态。做此题的简便方法是找出句子的主干,“ Lang Ping ___ volleyball in China for almost twenty years.”。然后用代入法即可选出答案。
146、An actor can not well play the role without life experience ____ more than a dancer can make a difference without much practice.
A、anyB、noC、notD、much
选A any和前面的not构成“not any more than=no more than”短语,意思是“和……一样不”。“一个没有生活经验的演员和没有大量实践的舞蹈演员一样,不会扮演好自己的角色”。
147、Each of the 400 people received from their boss____ gift--“Who moved my cheese?”--____ best-seller in the US--to understand how to deal with changes in their lives and work.
A、the; 不填B、a;aC、a;不填D、the;a
选B 考查冠词的用法。前者表示数量“一个”,后者表示种类“一种(非常畅销的书)”。
148、Passenger: Look out! There’s a kangaroo wandering on the road!
Driver: ____ it! That was lucky. It can damage my car really badly.
A、MissingB、MissedC、To missD、Miss
选B 时态考查。乘客警告司机当心前面的袋鼠,司机回答,“已经绕过去了,我们的确很幸运”,“That was lucky”,说明事情发生在过去,所以应用过去时。
149、Most of the audience wondered what ider a man who’s deaf from birth can have ____ music.
A、withB、inC、ofD、at
选C 本题考查介词搭配。题意为“很多观众想知道一个天生聋哑的人会对音乐有怎样的理解”。搭配结构为the idea of music。
150、--Were you busy last weekend?
--Very. Rather than ____ time playing cards as usual, I devoted every effort to ____ an advertisement.
wasting; making B、waste; make
C、to waste; make D、a waste of; making
选A 本题考查短语devote oneself to doing something的用法,以及短语rather than要求句子前后保持平衡,所以本题应选择A。
151、--What is the man over there?
--I don’t know for sure. But I think he can be ____ but a teacher.
A、anybody B、anything C、nobodyD、nothing
选B 本题考查句子的意思和短语的用法:anything but的意思是“根本不是”;结合句子,可以这样理解:“我还不能确定他的身份,但我敢断定,他根本不是教师”。
152、One of the requirements for a fire is that the material ____ to its burning temperature.
A、is heatedB、be heatedC、would be heatedD、do heat
选B
153、--What can I do for you, sir?
--I want ____.
A、a dime’s worth of candyB、candy a dime’s worth
C、a dime worth of candyD、a dime-worth candy
选B
154、As the proverb ____, an enemy in disguise is a wolf in sheep’s ____.
A、runs; dressB、says; clothesC、speaks; clothD、goes; clothing
选D
155、--So you are not spending your holiday in Wuhan this year.
--No, ____.
A、everywhere in WuhanB、somewhere in Wuhan
C、somewhere but in WuhanD、anywhere but in Wuhan
选D 根据答语No,我们可以推断出选D,anywhere but in Wuhan是“绝对不在武汉”、“肯定不在武汉”的含义。
156、When he realized the police had seen him, the man ____ the exit as quickly as possible.
A、made upB、made forC、made outD、made off
选B make for…向某地走去;make off后常接介词,表示“从……跑掉”;make out有“看出、理解、开(收据等)、进展、装出”等含义;make up有“编造、和解、弥补、化装、构成”等含义。
157、In the traffic accident, his father came close to ____.
A、be killedB、being killedC、killD、killing
选B come close to意为“几乎,差不多”,后面接动词的-ing形式,根据题意应用其被动形式。
158、The heroic story that the university student had saved a peasant’s life hit the ____ in “China Youth Daily”.
A、resultsB、effortsC、rewardsD、headlines
选D 根据题意,headlines指登载在《中国青年报》上的头条新闻。
159、I don’t want to be interrupted, for my paper is due tomorrow. If ____ asks where I am. Just say I’ve gone out.
A、someoneB、anyoneC、everyoneD、no one
选B
160、In ____ world, where computers rule our work and life online searches have became ____ necessity.
A、a; aB、a; theC、the; aD、the; /
选A
161、--Have you heard the new benefit system is to take effect?
--Yes. That’s great, yet some worry it may ____ laziness.
A、encourageB、developC、causeD、prevent
选A
162、--Excuse me, Professor Smith, I was wondering if I could leave a quarter earlier today.
--____.
A、Nothing the matter.B、Sure, go aheadC、Oh, why not?D、Of course, no problem.
选B
163、--Look, it ____ again.
--yeah. This is the third snow we ____ this spring.
A、will snow; are havingB、has snowed; had had
C、is snowing; have hadD、snows; have had
选C
164、I invited five people to my party. Out of those five people, only John and Mary can come. ____ people can’t come.
A、The othersB、The otherC、OthersD、Other three
选B
165、If you think that the illness might be serious, you should not ____ going to the doctor.
A、put offB、put asideC、hold backD、hold up
选A
166、It was only after some progress ____ in the use and development of electricity that men began to realize the importance and possibilities of magnetism.
A、was made B、would have been made
C、has been made D、had been made
选D
167、The central government is sparing no efforts to ____ the officials’ overuse of power to make up a healthier Party.
A、keep offB、keep downC、keep outD、keep on
选B
168、Let’s go out now. It ____ any more.
A、didn’t rainB、doesn’t rainC、won’t rainD、isn’t raining
选D
169、Why don’t you try on this jacket? It ____ nice on you.
A、looksB、lookedC、will lookD、has looked
选C
170、--Do you have ____ trouble finishing the work?
--The work is not so difficult as you think. We have finished it already.
A、any B、no C、much D、some
选C
171、It’s no ____ that he didn’t come.
A、differenceB、importanceC、relationD、matter
选D
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英语长句是英语复杂语言现象的综合。一个长句,长度可以达到20字左右,最长的句子,有时可达100多字甚至200多字。由于英语和汉语在语言习惯上存在较大差异,英语长句的翻译比较困难。下面小编介绍英语长句子结构给大家,希望对大家有用。
A breakthrough in the provision of energy from the sun for the European Economic Community(EEC) could be brought forward by up to two decades, if a modest increase could be provided in the EEC's research effort in this field, according to the senior EEC scientists engaged in experiments in solar energy at EEC's scientific laboratories at Ispra, near Milan. (199 阅读. Text 2)
【译文】根据欧洲经济共同体资深科学家在伊斯普拉(米兰附近)实验室所进行的实验表明,如果欧共体在太阳能供应这一领域的研究工作有些许增加,就能提前二十年取得该领域的突破。
【析句】多重复合句,主句为A breakthrough could be brought forward by two decades,could此处表示一种可能性,从句为if引导的条件状语从句,最后是according to引导表示参考的状语the senior EEC scientist,engaged in experiments为过去分词作定语。
The senior West German scientist in charge of the Community's solar energy programme, Mr. Joachim Gretz, told journalists that at present levels of research spending it was most unlikely that solar energy would provide as much as three percent of the Community's energy requirements even after the year 200 (199 阅读. Text 2)
【译文】欧共体太阳能项目负责人、西德资深科学家Joachim Gretz先生告诉记者,以目前的研究支出水平,即使在2000年后太阳能也不可能为满足欧共体高达百分之三的能源需求。
【析句】主干为Mr. Hoachim Gretz told journalists that+宾语从句,人名前The senior West German scientist...programme是Mr.Joachim的同位语,是对其身份的说明。宾语从句中又包含一套主从句为it was most unlikely that+主语从句,it作形式主语。
This special liking for mathematics and science is partly explained by the fact that Asian American students who began their educations abroad arrived in the U.S. with a solid grounding in mathematics but little or no knowledge of English. (199.Text 3)
【译文】亚裔学生对数学和科学专业情有独钟,其部分原因是因为这些来到国外求学的学生拥有牢固的数学基础,却几乎对英语一窍不通。
【析句】多重复合句,主句为THis special liking is partly explained by the fact,fact后是that引导的同位语从句说明fact的具体内容,同位语从句中又有主句和从句,主句为Asian American students arrived with a solid...English,句中who began their educations abroad作Asian American students的定语从句。
重点重点单词
senior ['si:nj?]
adj. 年长的,高级的,资深的,地位较高的
unlikely [?n'laikli]
adj. 不太可能的
engaged [in'geid?d]
adj. 忙碌的,使用中的,订婚了的
breakthrough ['breik.θru:]
n. 突破
modest ['m?dist]
adj. 谦虚的,适度的,端庄的
community [k?'mju:niti]
n. 社区,社会,团体,共同体,公众,[生]群落
provision [pr?'vi??n]
n. 规定,条款; 供应(品); 预备
It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil's technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child's deep feelings. (199 阅读. Text 1)
【译文】这或许是对学生写作能力的尖锐批评,但也反映了教师的悲哀-他根本没读过这篇文章,而文章里包含了学生内心感受的优美表达。
【析句】多重复合句,句子主干为It may have been a sharp criticism..., but it was a sad refection of the teacher, but连接两个成转折关系的句子,其中,后句又包含两个从句:who had omitted to read the essay作定语从句修饰the teacher,而which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面的句子。
The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on he child's ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement. (199 阅读. Text 1)
【译文】教师关注错误不可厚非,但如果他更重视学生的想法的话,那么他表现出的失望本可以激发出学生更大的动力去改进。
【析句】本句的主干与例句一相似,都是由but连接两个句子,后句中,if his priorities had centered on...为条件状语从句,主句an expression of his disappointment would have given...。注意后句的时态搭配,主句would have given为虚拟式,从句用had centered on过去完成时。
In 1862 Congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska westward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific. (199 阅读. Text 4)
【译文】1862年国会批准两家西部铁路公司修建从内布拉斯加往西和加利福利亚向东汇合的铁路,以便建成横跨大陆连接大西洋海岸和太平洋的十字路口。
【析句】本句结构比较简单,只有一个较长的句子Congress authorized two western railroad companies,so as to complete...为目的状语。难点在于from Nebraska westward and from California eastward的理解,很多同学理解成Nebraska西部和California东部,实际上,westward/eastward这里是形容词,意为“向西/向东”。
重点英语单词
technical ['teknik?l]
adj. 技术的,工艺的
presentation [.prezen'tei??n]
n. 陈述,介绍,赠与
n. [美]讲课
improvement [im'pru:vm?nt]
n. 改进,改善
disappointment [.dis?'p?intm?nt]
n. 失望,令人失望的人或事
pacific [p?'sifik]
n. 太平洋
adj. 太平洋的
contained [k?n'teind]
adj. 泰然自若的,从容的;被控制的 v. 包含
reflection [ri'flek??n]
n. 反映,映像,折射,沉思,影响
This is usually when we are running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between expectations and meaning. (199 阅读. Text 3)
【译文】这通常发生在阅读遇到难题,或是我们的阅读期望与实际意义不符的时候。
【析句】本句结构比较简单,主句This is..., 特别的是两个when引导的表语从句,when we are running into...,when mismatch is occurring...为并列关系,都在is后作句子的表语。
There is another conversation which from our point of view is equally important, and that is not to do with what is read but with how it is read. (199 阅读. Text 3)
【译文】在我们看来,另外一种对话同样重要,这种对话与读什么无关,却关系到怎么读。
【析句】复合句,主句由两部分组成,第一部分是there be结构,there is another conversation,后面是which引导的定语从句which is equally important, from our point of view作插入语;第二部分是that is not to do with...but with..., what is read和how is read作宾语,与with构成介宾结构。
It is precisely this kind of conversation that is of importance when we are seeking to develop our reading to meet the new demands being placed upon us by studying at a higher level. (199 阅读. Text 3)
【译文】正是这种对话方式,对于提高我们的阅读能力以满足更高水平的学习所带来的新要求,极具重要性。
【析句】整体上看,这是一个强调句,标志性结构It is...that..., 省略后句子意义不变。因此,真正的主句是this kind of conversation is of importance,when we are seeking to develop...to meet...作时间状语从句,being placed upon us by...为过去分词作定语。
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当朋友遇到挫折困难时,你知道怎么用英语来安慰鼓励他吗?下面是读文网小编为大家整理的用于鼓励他人的英语短句,欢迎大家学习!
1、Never say die.
永不放弃。
2、No pain, no gain.
天下事没有不劳而获的东西。
3、I can set the world on fire.
我可以获得巨大成功!
4、Better late than never.
只要开始,虽晚不迟。
5、Experience keeps a dear school, but fools learn in no other.
经验学校学费高,愚人旁处学不到。
6、You can do it too!
你也做得到!
7、Practice makes perfect.
熟能生巧。
8、I have unlimited potential.
我有无限的潜力。
9、I can help a lot of people.
我可以帮助很多人。
10、I know that my future is not just a dream.
我知道我的未来不是梦。
11、Everyday and in every way I'm getting better.
每天每个方面我的生活都正在好转。
12、A handful of common sense is worth a bushel of learning.
少量的常识,当得大量的学问。
13、Money doesn't grow on trees.
钱不是从天上掉下来的。
14、Everyday and in every way I'm getting better.
每天每个方面我的生活都正在好转。
15、Knowledge is power.
知识就是力量。
16、Never too old to learn.
活到老,学到老。
17、Experience without learning is better than learning without experience.
有经验而无学问,胜于有学问而无经验。
18、I can make a great contribution to society.
我可以为社会做出巨大的贡献。
19、Doubt is the key of knowledge.
怀疑是知识之钥。
20、Pursue breakthroughs in your life.
追求自我的突破。
21、I can change the world.
我可以改变这个世界。
22、Wit once bought is worth twice taught.
由经验而得的智慧,胜于学习而得的智慧;一次亲身的体会,胜过两次的教师教导。
23、I can make a great contribution to society.
我可以为社会做出巨大的贡献。
24、I'm strong! I'm powerful! I'm healthy.
我强壮!我充满力量!我健康!
25、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.
浅学误人。
26、Money doesn't grow on trees.
钱不是从天上掉下来的。
27、Wisdom is to the mind what health is to the body.
知识之于精神,一如健康之于肉体。
28、Get to another summit in your career.
开创职业生涯的另一个高峰。
29、I can make a difference in this world.
世界因我而不同。
30、Knowledge advances by steps and not by leaps.
知识只能循序渐进,不能跃进。
看了鼓励他人的英语短句这篇文章
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考研翻译评分标准就是分段给分,微观扣分。也就是说考生在做考研翻译之前就要做一个句子切分的工作,拆分的依据就是长难句分析的依据。最后,考研作文和长难句也是息息相关的,如果你能准确把握长难句翻译难的原因,那作文何愁写不来长句子呢?近些年考研英语试卷中,考生普遍认为难度较大的是长难句的理解与翻译。这些句子一般为多个从句,因此翻译长难句,首要解决的应该是弄清楚从句以及从句之间的关系。然而“看花容易,绣花难”,究竟该如何攻克考研英语中的难点长难句呢?
英语有些长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同,甚至完全相反,这时必须从原文后面开始翻译。在汉语中,定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中,许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后,因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉,即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换,按意群或进行全部倒置,原则是使汉语译句符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。
例如:
It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice。
分析:该句由一个主句,一个条件状语从句和一个宾语从句组成,“……变得越来越重要”是主句,也是全句的中心内容,全句共有三个谓语结构,包含三层含义:A. ……变的越来越重要;B. 如果要使学生充分利用他们的机会;C. 得为他们提供大量更为详尽的信息,作更多的指导。为了使译文符合汉语的表达习惯,我们可采用逆序法,翻译成:
因此,如果要使学生充分利用他们(上大学)的机会,就得为他们提供大量关于课程的更为详尽的信息,作更多的指导。这个问题显得越来越重要了。
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句子的长度反映学习者自由运用语法知识的能力,而平均句长作为一种评测语言发展的非标准化工具,下面小编就为大家介绍英语长难句子,希望对大家有用。
While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, DL usually signifies a course in which the instructors post syllabi (课程大纲), reading assignments, and schedules on Websites, and students send in their assignments by e-mail.
【分析】本句为复合句。主句主干为 DL signifies a course。主句中的in which引导定语从句,对course进行解释说明,其中instructors和students是并列成分。 While意为“虽然,尽管”,引导让步状语从句;从句中的offered 为过去分词做后置定语,修饰instruction。
【译文】虽然各个大学提供的网络课程不尽相同,但是远程教学通常会把课程公开,教师会把课程大纲、阅读任务和课程安排上传到网站上,学生们则通过电子邮件提交作业。
Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall, I offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings for her tales. (2007年12月)
【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为I offered suggestions。Telling myself…hall为伴随状语,that引导宾语从句;guiding the young writer across the hall为现在分词作后置定语,修饰writer。that 后的从句可改写为I was merely an experienced writer who are guiding the young writer across the hall。
【译文】我一次次地告诫自己,这只是一个有些经验的作家在指导一个小作家成长而已,关于她的故事中的人物、冲突和结尾我都提供了一些建议。
While stepping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good first step that I will quickly follow with more steps, putting myself far enough away to give her room but close enough to help if asked. (2007年12月)
【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为it was a step。While意为“虽然,尽管”,引导让步状语从句。主句中,it指代stepping back,that引导定语从句,that 在从句中作follow的宾语,即a good first step;putting myself far enough away是现在分词作伴随状语,to give her…if asked是目的状语。
【译文】虽然坐视不管对我来说并非易事,但这确实是一个不错的开始。我会继续这样做,让自己和她保持足够的距离,给她空间,但同时又离她很近,以便在她寻求帮助的时候伸出援手。
Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help provide comprehensive therapy for depression and other psychological and social issues related to chronic pain. (2007年6月)
【分析】本句为并列复合句。句子主干为Not only do we evaluate the cause, but we also help provide therapy。Not only…but also…连接两个并列句,否定词组not only在句首,句子要部分倒装。在第一个分句里,which 引导非限制性定语从句,修饰第一个分句,which在从句中作主语。在第二个分句里,related to作后置定语修饰issues。
【译文】我们不仅要找出疼痛的病因,帮助我们更好地治疗;还提供综合疗法,治疗与慢性疼痛相关的抑郁症和其他心理与社交问题。
Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I don’t talk about that anymore.
【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为a sentence came out of my mouth。在句中用了全部倒装结构“介词短语+谓语+主语”。that 引导定语从句修饰a sentence,其在定语从句中作主语。冒号后面的部分是对sentence的解释说明,作同位语。
【译文】后来几年前的一天,我说了一句话并最终成为我对任何和全部挑衅的回答:关于那个问题我再也不讨论了。
The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.”
【分析】本句为复合句。句子的主干为The practice is…。that引导定语从句,先行词为practice, that在从句中充当主语。of trying to edit as you write修饰bad habits,其中as引导时间状语从句。what引导的表语从句what Elbow calls “free writing”为is的表语。
【译文】这种可以帮助你克服在写作的同时就试图修改的坏习惯的做法便是Elbow所说的“自由式写作”。
While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so.
【分析】本句为复合句。主句主干为they cannot work,从句为While引导的让步状语从句While you need to employ both to get to a finished result。在主句中包含一个由no matter how引导的让步状语从句。in parallel为介词短语作状语,修饰work。
【译文】虽然你需要同时运用这两种思维来写作,但无论你的愿望多么强烈,它们都不能同时产生作用。
Unlike physical energy, which is limited and diminishes with age, emotional energy is unlimited and has nothing to do with genes or upbringings.
【分析】本句为复合句。主句为emotional energy…upbringings。unlike 是介词,unlike physical energy 作主句的比较状语。which 引导非限制性定语从句,解释说明 physical energy。
【译文】体力是有限的并随着年龄增长而减退,与体力不同,情感力量是无限的,跟遗传和后天培养没关系。
“Wellness” may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for.
【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为“Wellness” may be viewed not as a state, but as an ideal。not…but…意为“不是……而是……”。两个 that 都引导定语从句,分别修饰 a state 和 an ideal。 view…as 意为“把…看作”。
【译文】我们最好不要把健康看成是一种人们可以达到的状态,而应将其视为一种人们可以努力追求的理想。
If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting (稍纵即逝的) thought, the thought will die.
【分析】本句为复合句。主句为the thought will die,从句为If引导的条件状语从句。在从句中,包含一个由while引导的时间状语从句while you are trying to capture a fleeting thought。从句中还包括一个listen to sb. do sth.(listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar)结构。
【译文】在你尽力想要捕捉稍纵即逝的灵感的同时,还要聆听一个五年级的英语老师纠正你的语法,那么,你的灵感就会消失地无影无踪。
Regardless of how it’s sold, the popularity of bottled water taps into our desire for better health, our wish to appear cultivated, and even a longing for lost purity.
【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为the popularity taps into our desire, our wish, and a longing。how 引导宾语从句,作 regardless of 的宾语。our desire for better health, our wish to appear cultivated 和 a longing for lost purity 是并列成分,作 taps into 的宾语。
【译文】不考虑卖得怎么样,瓶装水的流行正说明我们对健康的渴求,对文明的希望,以及对失去的纯真的向往。
According to an article in The Wall Street Journal, some of the more shameless tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell, listing brands on the menu without prices, and pouring bottled water without even asking the diners if they want it. (2006年12月)
【分析】 本句为复合句。句子主干为some tactics include…。include 是及物动词,后面需要名词或者动名词作宾语。句中 placing,listing 和 pouring 是三个并列的动名词,作 include 的宾语。介词短语 without even asking 是伴随状语。句末的 if 引导宾语从句,该从句作 asking 的宾语补足语。
【译文】根据《华尔街日报》上的一篇文章,一些无耻的行径包括将一些吸引眼球的瓶子放在桌子上以增加卖点,在目录上列出商品的品牌但却没写单价,或为就餐者倒瓶装水而不问他们是否需要。 Built with safety in mind, the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians or barriers, long entry and exit lanes, curves engineered for safe turns, and limited access.
【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为the highways have…。have 后的部分都是宾语。Built with safety in mind 是过去分词短语作伴随状语,其逻辑主语是highways。现在分词 dividing 作前置定语,修饰 medians or barriers。
【译文】这些公路以安全为建造理念建成,有宽阔的车道和路肩,标有中分线或装了中分路障,还配备了长长的进出道路和为安全转弯设计弧线道路,并设置了准入限制。
But since water is much cheaper than wine, and many of the fancier brands aren’t available in stores, most diners don’t notice or care.
【分析】本句为复合句。主句为most diners don’t notice or care。since 表示“既然,由于”,引导原因状语从句。和 because, as 及 for 有所不同,since 表明的是已知的原因。
【译文】但是因为水比酒便宜很多,而且许多吸引人的牌子在商店里看不到,导致了就餐者没有注意到或是根本不关心。
He must use the sounds of speech to identify the words spoken, understand the pattern of organization of the words (sentences), and finally interpret the meaning.
【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 He must use the sounds, understand the pattern, and interpret the meaning。to identify the words spoken, understand the pattern of organization of the words (sentences) 和 finally interpret the meaning是并列的动词不定式结构,表示目的。
【译文】他需要用语音来确认所发出的词,理解词或句的组织结构,最后解释意思。
Perhaps it was the extreme contrast with Japanese society that prompted American firms to pay more attention to women buyers.
【分析】本句为强调句型。强调句型It is/was+被强调部分+that/who…用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分,当被强调部分是人时也可以用 who。
【译文】可能是与日本社会强烈的对比才促使美国公司向女性消费者投入更多的注意力。
As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease - especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking and failure to exercise.
【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为the focus has been shifting。第一个As是关系代词,引导定语从句,修饰的是整个句子。第二个as用于such as,是固定结构,表示举例说明。
【译文】就像我们看到的那样,我们社会医疗保健的重心已经由治疗疾病转变到了预防疾病,尤其表现在改变不健康行为,如不好的饮食习惯,吸烟以及缺乏运动。
Reaching new peaks of popularity in North America is Iceberg Water, which is harvested from icebergs off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada.
【分析】本句为复合句。主句Reaching…is Iceberg Water为倒装句,正常语序应为Iceberg Water is reaching new peaks of popularity,为强调Reaching new peaks of popularity而将其提前至句首。which引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Iceberg Water。
【译文】萃取自加拿大纽芬兰沿岸冰山的“冰水”在北美的受欢迎程度一再创出新高。
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学英语,听力越来越重要,怎样有效地应对英语考试中的长难句果是学习者非常关心的问题。以下是小编为大家整理的应对英语考试中的长难句的方法,欢迎大家阅读!
在此阅读、听力和完型的题型当中,经常会出现一些固定搭配,、如果各位同学记得非常清楚,也能在翻译部分帮助大家。写下能听懂的,听到多少写多少,听到什么写什么
后三句我们将个人能够听懂的位置,写下来,而不要追求全部都能写下来。首先,全部都能写下来,难度太大。那就是说,只要大家,能够听到一句话,并且听懂其中一些部分,哪怕这句话,我们并不理解,它在说一些什么道理,但是,我们只要能写出一部分来,就可以得分了。
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考研英语中的翻译是众多考生头疼的事情,既考察单词的基本概念及生僻含义,又考察长难句的学习程度,此外还有翻译的策略与方法。众所周知,英汉两种语言在表达方式上有相似之处,但更多的是差异。
But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the right way to go since well developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job or not。(1999 text3)
划分句子时,要注意几大标志,如连词,介宾短语,标点符号,非谓语动词等等,这些因素都可以有效的帮助我们划分句子。For后加名词短语构成介 宾短语,所以后 professional training为主干主语,might be为主句谓语动词部分,way为表语。到此,主句已经画出来了。Since引导原因状语从句,since句中两逗号之间all other factors being equal是独立主格为插入语。此句就可以翻译为:对于一部分同学来说,职业训练可能是一条正确之路,因为在其他条件相同的情况下,拥有良好的职业技能对 于找工作来讲是截然不同的。
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近几年的高考英语阅读理解题所选的短文句子结构复杂,长、难句较多,难理清头绪,这势必影响对短文内容的理解。下面小编就为大家介绍高考英语句子长难句分析,希望对大家有用。
1. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says hi 0 1. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find. (2009年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句,主干为Scott Hahn says…。high-quality sustainable…find为says的宾语。which引导的非限制性定语从句which uses all-organic cotton修饰的是Rogan and Loomstate。cofounder with Gregory为Scott Hahn的同位语。
【译文】Scott Hahn与Gregory同为使用全有机棉的Rogan和Loomstate公司的创始人,他声称,高质量的可持续使用面料仍然很难寻觅到。
2. Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and what your customers are used to,” he says. (2009年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句,主干为Most designers…are finding…。there aren’t…used to为省略了that的宾语从句。that引导的定语从句that can just replace…修饰fabrics。what引导的两个宾语从句what you’re doing和what your customers are used to作replace的宾语。
【译文】他说,“大多数现有品牌设计师发现,并没有匹配的面料能代替你正用着的和顾客们已经适应的面料。”
3. Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs (企业家) who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable. (2009年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句,主干为… Designers & Agents stopped charging…and gave special recognition…。who引导的定语从句who attend its…York修饰entrepreneurs,whose引导的定语从句whose collections are…sustainable修饰designers。
【译文】去年,颇具影响力的Designers & Agents对参加其在洛杉矶和纽约举办的两次春季展览的年轻环保企业家们实行免费入场,同时给予那些作品中包括至少四分之一可持续产品的设计师们以特别表彰。
4. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organ 0 4. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional (过渡型的) cotton at higher prices, thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material. (2009年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句,主干为Wal-Mart is set to announce a… initiative。aimed…organic为后置定语,修饰initiative。冒号后的句子it will buy…prices即initiative的内容,相当于initiative的同位语从句。helping to…sustainable作伴随状语。
【译文】本周沃尔玛特打算宣布一大重要举措,旨在帮助种植棉花的农民走有机种植之路:它将以稍高价收购过渡型的棉花,以此帮助扩大一种主要的可持续使用面料的供应量。
5. Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand (缕) of hair, a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims. (2009年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句,主干为Scientists have devised a way…。a technique为a way的同位语。where引导的宾语从句where…lived作determine的宾语。using…hair为现在分词作方式状语。that引导的定语从句that…victims修饰technique。
【译文】科学家已经设计出一个方法,凭借人的一缕头发便能大致确定某人曾经居住过的地点,这项技术可能能够帮助跟踪锁定犯罪嫌疑人或不明身份案件受害人的活动场所。
6. Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake. (2009年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句,主干为Todd Park said…。a local detective为Todd Park的同位语。the method has…为省略了引导词that的宾语从句,该宾语从句中又包含一个由whose引导的定语从句whose skeleton…Lake,修饰的是woman。
【译文】当地的侦探Todd Park说这个方法帮助他了解到关于一具在大盐湖附近发现的不明身份女尸骸的更多信息。
7. He had a perfect résumé and gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that 07. He had a perfect résumé and gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said “untrustworthy,” so she decided to offer the job to her second choice. (2009年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句,主干为He had a…résumé and gave…responses, but the fact…said untrustworthy…so she decided…。从句that he never looked her in the eye为the fact的同位语。and连接He的两个谓宾,but表转折,so则表结果。
【译文】这位应试者的履历非常完美,并且对她的问题回答得不错,但是,他不敢正视她这一事实意味着“不值得信赖”,因此她决定把工作留给第二个候选人。
8. When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned from our past, from the media, peers, family, friends, etc., we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed (有缺陷的) or contrary to our fundamental values. (2009年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句,主句为we begin to realize…,从句为When引导的时间状语从句When we…etc.。主句中包括一个由that引导的宾语从句that some…values,作realize的宾语。从句中包含了一个由what引导的宾语从句what we think,作challenge的宾语;而think后又带了一个省略引导词的宾语从句we have learned from…etc.。
【译文】当我们开始质疑自己的假设,并且向那些我们认为是从我们的过去、媒体、同辈、家人、朋友等那里学到的东西发出挑战的时候,我们就开始意识到我们的结论有些是有缺陷的,或者说与我们的基本价值是相违背的。
9. We need to train ourselves to think differently, shift our mindsets and realize that diversity opens doors for all of us, creating opportunities in organizations and communities that benefit everyone. (2009年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句,主干为We need to…。to后带了三个并列的不定式,分别是train ourselves to think,shift our mindsets和realize,而that引导的宾语从句that diversity opens…us则作realize的宾语。creating…communities作伴随状语,该状语中又包括一个由that引导的定语从句that benefit everyone,修饰的是opportunities。
【译文】我们需要训练自己用不同的思维方式去思考,转变我们的思维,并且意识到多元化的大门向我们每一个人开放,这样就能创造机会,使组织和社区中的每一个人都受益。
10. They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, ‘Geez, if it 010. They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, ‘Geez, if it could happen to him, …’(2008年12月)
【分析】本句为复合句,主句为They only come in,从句为when引导的时间状语从句。从句中包含两个由and连接的并列结构a friend drops dead和they think…。‘Geez…’为think的宾语,该宾语的省略号里其实省略了与it could happen to him结构对应的it could happen to me too。
【译文】某个朋友在打高尔夫时猝死,他们会想:‘天啊,如果这能在他身上发生……’,只有这个时候他们才会来(医院)。
11. He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups. (2008年12月)
【分析】本句为复合句,主干为He believes…diseases…could be addressed…。that引导的定语从句that commonly affect men修饰most diseases。by preventive check-ups为be addressed的方式状语。
【译文】他相信,那些经常感染男性的疾病大多数都可以通过预防性的检查来处理掉。
12. Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, coworkers, strangers — and anyone who will listen. (2008年12月)
【分析】本句为复合句,主干为Shoppers seldom complain to…but…will alert…。破折号在这里起到强调或引起别人注意破折号后面要说的话的作用。在破折号后,who引导的定语从句who will listen修饰的是anyone。
【译文】顾客很少向经理或者零售店的老板投诉,相反,他们会转而向他们的朋友、亲戚、同事、陌生人——以及任何可以听到的人吐苦水。
13. This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space. (2008年12月)
【分析】本句为简单句,主干为This guidance eliminated the need…and avoided confrontation…。eyeing the same parking space为现在分词作后置定语,修饰those。
【译文】这些引导消除了顾客在停车场无尽地兜圈子的必要,而且避免了顾客之间因抢占空车位而引发的冲突。
14. Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filling complaints to the retailer, in 014. Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filling complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. (2008年12月)
【分析】本句为简单句,主干为Customers can…improve…experiences。方式状语by filling complaints to the retailer修饰improve future shopping experiences。instead of表示否定,其前后成分结构一致,complaining前其实省略了by。
【译文】顾客也可以通过向零售商投诉来改善今后的购物体验,而不是向全世界其他的人抱怨。
15. A code of conduct is hard to create when you’re living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish last.(2008年12月)
【分析】本句为复合句,主句为A code of conduct is hard to create,从句为when引导的时间状语从句when you’re living…last。从句中又包括两个由介词in加which引导的定语从句in which everyone is…sleep和in which nice…last,先行词均为a world。
【译文】当你生活在一个每个人都因加班工作、缺乏睡眠而筋疲力尽的社会,在一个好人最后总是吃亏的社会时,很难创造出一套行为准则。
16. This jumping to our children’s defence is part of what fuels the “walking on eggshells” feeling that surrounds our dealings with other people’s children. (2008年12月)
【分析】本句为复合句,主干为…jumping to our children’s defence is part of…。what引导的宾语从句what fuels…feelings作of的宾语。that引导的定语从句that surrounds…children修饰feeling。
【译文】这种对孩子的急切保护,加剧了我们在处理别人孩子的事情时,那种“在蛋壳上行走”的感觉。
17. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you’ll die on average five years before a woman. (2008年12月)
【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 you’ll die…。Assuming…term 为条件状语。about 78 years for men in Australia作插入语,是对natural term的解释说明,去掉后,句子的语法结构和语义仍完整。
【译文】假定你有幸活到了生命的自然尽头——在澳大利亚男性大概是78岁——你平均也要比女性早去世五年。
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考研英语翻译是一项复杂而艰巨的脑力活动,涉及文化、知识、思维、表达和经验等多个层面。要做好英译汉,不是一件很容易的事。大部分考生都觉得考研英语翻译很难。根据2012全国硕士研究生统一考试英语考试大纲(一)的规定,考研英语翻译仍属于阅读理解的一部分,其命题形式是英译汉,“主要考查学生准确理解概念或结构较复杂的英语文字材料的能力。要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章,并将其中5个划线部分(约150词)译成汉语,要求译文准确、完整、通顺”。翻译部分的总分值为10分(每题2分),占全部试卷的10%。因此,考研翻译部分的总体要求应该是“译文准确、完整、通顺”,这与翻译的一般标准“忠实而通顺”是基本一致的。
我们来有针对性地来谈一下翻译技巧,多注重翻译中应注重的细节。
一、锁定谓语动词
谓语动词的寻找至关重要,它是句子的核心部分,找到了谓语动词,就能证明有句子存在。那么如何寻找呢?第一,有时态的动词就一定是谓语。接下来,顺着谓语动词往前找,如果有引导词存在,说明这个谓语动词所在的句子是个从句,然后可以根据引导词前的单词确定它是什么类型的从句。
比如:A。如果引导词前是个名词,那就根据情况区别是定语从句还是同位语从句;
B。如果引导词前是实意动词,那就说明这个从句是宾语从句;
C。如果引导词前面是系动词,那就说明这个从句是表语从句;
D。如果其前面是状语从句的引导词,那就说明这是个状语从句。
如果顺着谓语动词往前找,却没有引导词存在,那说明这是主句的谓语动词,那它的前面就是主语,后面就应该是宾语或表语。
This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive
in,Demonstrates 前面没有引导词,它就是主句的谓语动词;is 前有引导词that,且that 前是实意动词,所以这是宾语从句。
二、寻找并列连词
常见的并列连词有and, but, yet, or, so, for ,not only...but also… 看到这批单词,一般就有并列结构存在,并且很可能存在着省略问题。
比如:They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory,and they are essential to practices in which
a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements。
并列连词如上已经标出,显然第一个and 前后的两个句子是完全并列的;后面的and 前后两句话也应该是并列的,并且其前的谓语动词前有引导词 in which,in which 前又是个名词,所以这是由and 引导的两个定语从句。因为存在并列,所以第二个定从和第一个相比,少了 in which a person is 。
所以,从以上的句子分析可以得出:本句话是由第一个and 连接的两个并列的句子,并且两个句子都是主谓表结构。且and 后面的句子中还有一个and 引导的两个并列定语从句,共同修饰practices。
三、寻找引导词
何为从句?从句就是句子前面有一个引导词。所以找到引导词就找到了从句,再根据引导词前的单词确定其是什么从句。
比如:
Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in
its strongest form,states that language imprisons the mind, and that the
grammatical patterns in a language can produce farreaching consequences for the
culture of a society。
引导词已经标注出来,which 前面是名词determinism 名词,并且which在从句中做主语,显然这是个定语从句,修饰其前的名词。第二个引导词that 前面是实意动词 state,所以这是个宾语从句。最后的引导词that 前有并列连词and,显然后两个that 从句是完全并列的宾语从句。 所以该句是个简单的主谓宾结构,宾语的最后一个单词是名词,存在一个定语从句,定语从句中又有两个并列的宾语从句。
最后,长难句的掌握和分析对于英语考研来说具有十分重要的意义和作用(特别在阅读以及翻译部分),正确地分析长难句能够大大提高做题的正确率。万学海文英语钻石卡考研教研室的专家们温馨提示2012年的考生们:在分析长难句时,一定要从锁定谓语动词、寻找并列连词以及寻找引导词上着手。
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随着学习内容资源的不断丰富,大学英语四六级的阅读理解的出题类型也层出不穷,但是,无论如何改变题型抑或文章,答题思路还是万变不离其中的。
1) 表语从句:who/whom/whose, that, which, of which where, when, why, as, but, than,what, whatever, whoever, whichever
The giant panda, whose eating habit includes chewing a large quantity of bamboo, is now vanishingly rare in the world.
The incident of which we were discussing yesterday was no longer a problem.
such as: Such people as were mentioned by him were honest. I’ve never seen such a clever man as he is.
the same..as: I like the same book as you do.
as…as…He is as intelligent a man as ever lived.
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翻译本身是一个复杂的心理思维活动和认知过程,任何做翻译的人都会感到翻译的艰巨性。大多数初学翻译的人,感觉最明显的问题是:理解英语不容易,表达成汉语不轻松。考研英语翻译考试每年的平均分是4分到5分之间,同学们之所以在此拿分水平比较低的原因是没有掌握答题的方法。大家之所以得到这么低的分数,是因为单词不认识吗?不对!是因为句子不熟悉吗?也不是,而是做题的时候特别地着急以至于一上来就从第一个单词翻译到最后一个单词,于是就遭遇了很严重的困难,如何理解和如何表达,就成了大多数感觉自己英语基础知识比较匮乏的考生的严重问题了。
首先我们来分析下长难句是如何产生的。
一、为什么英语会存在长难句
从近年的考研翻译真题可以看出,文章的题材大多是有关政治、经济、文化、教育、科普以及社会生活等方面的内容,文体以议论文为主,说明文为辅,结构严谨,逻辑性强。除此之外,长难句较多,这给考生在规定时间内准确地完成翻译增加了难度,有如下三大特点:
1.英语多从句,句子长且结构复杂
英语通过一整套系统语法结构组合成句子,还可通过增加限制成分、修饰语以及补充成分使句子变长、变复杂。考研英语翻译题几乎都是长而复杂的句子。
首先,英语中只要存在名词,就会存在修饰名词或解释名词的东西。所以,I 后面可能跟有这些成分。比如 liuxiaoyan,这个东西也是名词,名词后面还可能有修饰或限定成分,比如 who comes from chongqing university. 这个句子中最后一个成分还是名词,又可能存在着修饰限定成分,于是又可能来对chongqing university 做解释,which is the most important universities in china; 这时同学们已经可以自己推出来了,china后面还可能有修饰限定成分。同样的道理,you 后面也可以跟修饰限定成分。这样,一个所谓的长难句就诞生了。
I, liuxiaoyan, who comes from chongqing university, which is the most important universities in china, who is my motherland, love you ,who can make everybody stop to look at you in the street in which there are so many people who ... ;
在这个句子当中,你还能找出I love you 吗?所以有了句子结构的复杂就导致了翻译难的问题。
2.英语多被动结构
英语中被动句比汉语多,尤其是科技英语。从最近十几年的考研英译汉真题中笔者发现被动结构的出现频率相当高,2002 年的5个句子中全都出现了被动结构。动词只能做谓语,谓语只能是动词,并且一个句子中谓语不能多,只能有一个,所以我们需要把不做谓语的动词变成不是动词,如何把一个动词变成不是动词呢?三种变法:A、变成to do(不定式);B、变成v-ing(现在分词);C、变成done(过去分词)。
比如说“他来看我”,不能翻译成“he comes see me”;因为这个句子中只有comes 是谓语,所以see,变成了 to see,这就是动词不定式了。再如这句话,beat you is my fault. 显然is 是句子的谓语,所以beat 这个动词就不能作为动词出现了,要把它变成beating或者是to beat。也就是说,由于以上原因,英语中就存在了分词或动词不定式了。也就是说分词和不定式可以做英语句子的任何成分,除了不能作谓语。这也就是英语长难句存在的依据之二。
3.英语重形合,句子结构严谨
英语句子以形连表意连,重句法结构,主语十分重要,理解时要抓住主谓关系,否则很难理解。尤其复合句,一定要看清主句和各分句的主谓结构。
(1)用连词连接两个并列的句子
I love you , but you love that dog. 这样就有了英语的并列句,在考研英语中,并列句是个难点也是重点。因为一般来说,有并列的句子,就会考到代词指代或省略。
例如: Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems. 主句是有一个连词and 连接的两个并列的句子,后面的句子就省略了will continue to be rejected。
(2)用主从句来连接两个并列的句子
两个句子中的一个变成从句也是解决办法。即是:although I love you, you love that dog. (状语从句) 或I love you ,who loves that dog. (定语从句)
(3)用分词做状语来连接两个并列的句子
把谓语动词变成不是动词就可以了。于是,把前面句子中的love 变成loving 就搞定了。即是:my loving you , you love that dog。
二、分析长难句的六种方法
知道了为什么会有长难句,那么我们就要知道如何分析这些句子的成分。首先,纠正一下同学们分析长难句的误区。那就是拿到一个句子时不要上来就开始读,读完就开始一个一个词地来翻译,这不叫句子分析,而是字字对译。根据上面第一部分的分析和总结,翻译长难句首先需要从以下两方面入手:
1.首先单词的掌握是最基本的
关键词汇的意思若是没有译出来是一定不回得到高分的。考研的词汇考的是词汇的深度,而不是词汇的广度,也就是考查同学们能不能真正的掌握和运用这个词汇,真正在上下文中理解这个词汇。所以建议同学们不是单纯的、简单的、机械的记住词的意思,而要真正的理解词汇在上下文中的具体用法。所以词汇的复习对于考研翻译,同时对阅读有着决定性的意义,大家准备的时候第一关首先要突破词汇关。
2.从语法分析的角度入手
分清句子的主干和修饰成分以及它们成分之间的逻辑关系,更好的理解句子。这样对长难句的翻译是很有帮助的。
(1)寻找谓语动词
找到了谓语动词,就说明有句子存在。首先,如何寻找谓语动词呢?很简单,有时态的动词就一定是谓语。然后,顺着谓语动词往前找,如果有引导词存在,说明这个谓语动词所在的句子就是个从句,再根据引导词前的单词判定这是个什么从句:
A。如果引导词前是个名词,那就根据情况区别是定语从句还是同位语从句;
B。如果引导词前是实意动词,那就说明这个从句是宾语从句;
C。如果引导词前面是系动词,那就说明这个从句是表语从句;
D。如果其前面是状语从句的引导词,那就说明这是个状语从句;
如果顺着谓语动词往前找,却没有引导词存在,那说明这是主句的谓语动词,那它的前面就是主语,后面就应该是宾语或表语。
例如:This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.
Demonstrates 前面没有引导词,它就是主句的谓语动词;is 前有引导词that,且that 前是实意动词,所以这是宾语从句;show前有引导词that,其前是名词fact,且that在从句中显然做主语,所以这里有一个that引导的定语从句;最后一个动词是took,其前也存在着that,且that前是实意动词,所以took 所在的句子是宾语从句。综上,本题主句是一个主谓宾结构,并且宾语中又有一个定语从句和宾语从句。
(2)寻找并列连词
常见的并列连词有and, but, yet, or, so, for ,not only...but also... 看到这批单词,一般就有并列结构存在,并且很可能存在着省略问题。
例如:They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements。
并列连词如上已经标出,显然第一个and 前后的两个句子是完全并列的;后面的and 前后两句话也应该是并列的,并且其前的谓语动词前有引导词in which,in which 前又是个名词,所以这是由and 引导的两个定语从句。因为存在并列,所以第二个定从和第一个相比,少了in which a person is 。
综上,本句话是由第一个and 连接的两个并列的句子,并且两个句子都是主谓表结构。且and 后面的句子中还有一个and 引导的两个并列定语从句,共同修饰practices。
(3)寻找引导词
什么是从句?从句就是句子前面有一个引导词。所以找到引导词就找到了从句,再根据引导词前的单词确定其是什么从句(前面已做过讲解此处不再讲述)
例如:Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society。
如上,引导词已经标注出来,which 前面是名词determinism 名词,并且which在从句中做主语,显然这是个定语从句,修饰其前的名词。第二个引导词that 前面是实意动词 state,所以这是个宾语从句。最后的引导词that 前有并列连词and,显然后两个that 从句是完全并列的宾语从句。 所以该句是个简单的主谓宾结构,宾语的最后一个单词是名词,存在一个定语从句,定语从句中又有两个并列的宾语从句。
(4)寻找名词
一般的长句子中,名词后只要不是谓语动词,一般都有修饰限定成分,即定语或同位语。也就是说,我们只要能寻找到名词,其后的东西就确定是修饰或解释前面的名词的。
例如:Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest(微博) dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place。
如上,分析各个名词,第一个名词pearson 后显然是谓语动词;第二个名词work 后面of短语显是然修饰work 的;第三个名词后也有修饰成分;calendar 后从句也是修饰该名词的;
最后,两个并列的名词后仍然是修饰名词的。那如果把所有修饰名词的动词划去,句子的主干就显示出来了:Pearson has pieced together the work to produce a calendar。
(5)寻找动词不定式和分词
如上所述,动词只能做谓语,不做谓语的动词要变成不是动词,即分词和不定式;那就意味着分词和不定式虽然表达的意义不同,但是其在句子中所做的成分是完全一样的。也就是说,分词和不定式除了不能做谓语以外,任何成分都可以充当。
(6)寻找介词
有介词一般都会有介词短语,在句子中充当表语、定语、状语等。
最后要提醒大家的是:翻译要遵从原文的意思,忠于原话。不能偏离了原文的大意,那就一份都得不到了。一般翻译的评分标准是踩点得分,也就是所谓的文中需要重点翻译出来的地方如果你翻译出来了自然分就到手了,反之则一分也得不到。由于句子是存在于文章中的,有特定的语言环境。所以大家一定要先在通读原文的基础上了解文章的主题以及需要翻译的句子,译文应该符合原文所陈述的内容。在分析句子的时候首先要弄清的是句子的主干和修饰成分,以及它们的逻辑关系,明确代词所指代的具体的词或短语的,同时还要注意是否存在省略等等语法现象,明确句子的整体意思及其在上下文中所处的地位。接下来是用自己的话将句子的大意表述出来,需要注意的是语句一定要通顺,遵从一半说话的逻辑及平时写中文作文的要求,尽量做到通俗能懂就好。如果时间允许的话就再次地检查一遍,做一些修改,使句子的意思更加饱满。
总之,翻译做得好对于阅读理解和作文,甚至取得高分是具有很大的帮助,所以,大家一定不可因为分值较小对其忽视。当同学们看到长难句时,一定按照我们的讲解寻找相应的提示线索,不要不分主次地翻译。当然,长难句的解决不但要有好的方法,更要注意自己单词量的积累和基本英语语法问题的解决,这是个基础加方法的长期练习和背诵的过程,希望大家在学习长难句时擅长总结和复习,才会有很快的提高。
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考纲上关于翻译部分的规定是:“能将一般难度的英语短文译成汉语,理解基本正确,译文达意。”也就是说,翻译是一项对考生综合能力要求比较高的题型,它不仅要求考生对词汇、语法、语篇以及文化知识等有较好的掌握,还要求考生有很强的语言组织能力。
除了上面的建议可以帮助考生答疑解惑以外,攻克长难举最关键的办法还在于真正了解考研英语中长难句的考点,真正的学会分析长难句。万学海文特别列出以下几点最为基础的步骤供考生参考:
1、找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;
2、分析从句和短语的功能,例如,是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句
或状语从句等;以及词,短语和从句之间的关系;
3、分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分;
4、找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语,即句子的主干结构。
以上几种复习英语长难句的方法希望考生在复习的过程中好好体会,通过多做练习更好地运用和把握,这也是往年考生的难点所在,因此希望这些方法能够对大家有所帮助。
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学英语,听力越来越重要,怎样有效地提高听力学习效果尤其是英语长难句一直是学习者非常关心的问题。以下是小编为大家整理的听懂英语中的长难句的方法,希望能帮助大家提高英语听力水平。
长难句其实在我们日常接触到的材料中并不多。所有人都希望自己能够很快得听懂别人说什么,所以说者完全没有必要讲及其复杂的句子,这和学术文章非常得不同。所以首先我们要克服心理障碍。听力中的长难句根本不算长难句!悉数有长难句出现的材料:学术讲座(比如各种大学公开课视频);高智商电影/电视剧。甚至在新闻报道中都很少出现长难句,要知道新闻报道使用的句子和词汇是极其精练的。
对于我们学生而言,主要攻克的就是学术讲座咯。在雅思,专八,托福考试中常常出现。到了国外读书的同学,更是每天都要通过听教授讲课来获取新知识。所以在这里讲一下,听懂长难句需要的几个要素。
1.信心,长期紧张容易导致焦虑和恐惧,以至于每次听都会产生恐惧心理。有多少人是English Phobia? 焦虑的时候即使再简单的英文也是听不出来,相信自己,能将你学过的单词抓住听出就已经相当赞了。
2.词汇,要有基础必备词汇。常用词汇量其实就3000-4000左右。你就可以用它去听任何你想听的内容,不会的单词我可以猜测,我可以查字典,我可以不断补充。
3.题材,比较专业的材料,需要你能够有必备的专业知识,当你有了基础必备词汇以后,大概了解该题材的500-1000常用词,就不会阻碍你听更难的知识了。Again 这和看学术文章是不同的,特别难以理解的内容,通常说话人会重复和用简单词解释。
4.语音,我可以说得不完美,但我能听出各种口音的英文。这就是一个熟悉度了。你可以学习语音知识,帮你节省很多时间去琢磨,或者你可以大量的去听,累积一定量。这里的语音知识:①英音和美音的简单差异,比如pass bar hot better taught这五个常见的典型代表;②连读和缩读;③失去爆破;④印度、日本、非洲 、拉丁美洲口音。了解这些知识后,找相关材料练听听、多多感受,你就听什么都不怕了。
5.速度,有长难句出现的时候速度会有一个很有趣的变化,如果此句子不重要,通常说着会讲得超级快。如果此句子很重要,他会采取其他方式:比如重复、解释、举例子等等。目的只有一个,就是让你听懂。那么大家只要跟得上日常速度即可。建议平时听的材料不要再是课本的短文朗读了,现在的资讯如此发达,完全可以找原汁原味的材料来听。任何没有刻意减速,不夸张的材料都可以。
6.技巧,这里的技巧和平时考试总结的技巧类似,就是我们常常说的signal words/signposts 指路词,这些词是一定要能够听到就立刻有反应的哟!递进、转折、因果、强调等等。还有就是语调的变化,像刚才提及的速度变化,说话人的表情变化,肢体语言的变化都可以很好地帮助你理解!
听任何材料,做好准备是很重要的。慢慢的,你就可以将听力作为你的工具去获取各种想要的知识了。这样你的英语学习轨迹会变得更加明晰,你也会更加自信,因为你掌握了很重要的本领,连长难句都可以听懂,还有什么做不到的呢?
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硕士研究生考研英语完型填空题及答案(2024)
为了让考研的同学更高效地复习考研英语,小编考研频道已经整理出了2024年考研英语完型填空试题和答案。如果你正在准备考研,不妨了解一下这些资料,希望它们能对你的备考有所帮助。
考研的考场分配根据考生的所在地以及报考学校等进行安排,在职人员考研时,考场一般都会分配在户籍所在地或工作单位所在地。
考研报考同一学校的考生理论上是分配在一个考点,甚至是同一考场的。考研报考同一学校的相同专业和不同专业是一起考试的。因为考研的考点、考场分配是实行统一管理,采取统一分配的原则,便于管理。
考研考场还有另外的分配方法,是划分考研的考场、考点时先按照各省、各市进行统一划分,然后是按照学校进行划分,再次是按照专业进行划分。
总之就是考研考场怎么分配对于考生的影响不大,考生只需要按照准考证所指示的前往指定考点进行考试即可,并且携带相关证件。
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考研英语2024备考复习技巧
考研英语分为英语一,英语二。考研英语一和英语二的题型都有英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作。以下是小编为大家收集的关于考研英语2024备考复习技巧的相关内容,供大家参考!
1、考研英语二的总考试时长是180分钟。
2、第一部分的20个选择题,可以安排20分钟。
3、第二部分的A节安排75分钟,B节安排25分钟。预计总时长是100分钟。
4、第三部分的英译汉,安排20分钟。
5、第四部分的Part A安排15分钟,Part B安排25分钟。预计总时长是40分钟。
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