为您找到与英语语法树形图相关的共42个结果:
基变序,有规律,
词尾加上TH。
一二三,特殊记,
结尾字母TDD(注1)。
八减T,九减E(注2),
F要把VE替(注3)。
TY把Y变I(注4)
记住TH前边有个E(注5)。
注1:F—first D—secord D —third
注2:eight—eighth nine—ninth
注3:five—fifth twelve—twelfth
注4:twenty—twentieth
注5:thirty—thirtieth
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现在小编给大家分享一些学英语语法的技巧,希望能帮助培养大家英语的能力,提高英语水平。
学习英语语法的范围,指的是学习英语语法需掌握的内容程度。既然我们学习英语语法的目的那么简单实际,到啥山唱啥歌吧。范围不必很大,也就是说面不宜太宽,点也不宜研究太深,毕竟需要用英语说之乎者也的人不多。另外,我认为通过学习英语语法,求得对英语的整体感觉非常重要。有了整体感,可以揭开英语的神秘面纱,知道了对手的模样,就知己知彼了;有了整体感,对语言就有了 君临天下 之气,加之不懈的积累,从掌握语法的必然王国,进而出入语言的自由王国。出于这种考虑,这个讲义编得非常简单,有些方面甚至还不如高中所学的内容,但实用语法的基本脉络比较清晰。
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副词是一般只能位于谓词性成分之前,充当修饰限制成分而不受其他成分修饰限制的词类。论文在意义的基础上,以副词的语法功能为标准,将《国语》副词划分为否定副词、范围副词、程度副词、时间副词、语气副词、情状方式副词和关联副词七个大类。同时,每个副词大类内部又根据句法语义特点进行次分类。
常见的副词分类如下:
时间副词 today,now,soon,recently,ago,
before,since,finally
地点副词here,there,up,down,about,inside, outside
程度副词 very,much,enough,almost,little,still,quite,so,nearly
频度副词 usually,sometimes,never,ever, always,often,once,seldom
方式副词 well,fast,slowly,carefully,badLy,hard,quickly,happily
疑问副词 how,when,where,why
否定副词 no,not,hardly,neither,nor
关系副词 when,where,why
连接副词 yet,so,however,then,how,when,where,whether,why
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下面是读文网小编整理的9年级英语语法,希望对大家有帮助。
( 一)由be构成的词组
1)be back/in/out 回来/在家/外出
2)be at home/work 在家/上班
3)be good at 善于,擅长于
4)be careful of 当心,注意,仔细
5)be covered with 被……复盖
6)be ready for 为……作好准备
7)be surprised (at) 对……感到惊讶
8)be interested in 对……感到举
9)be born 出生
10)be on 在进行,在上演, (灯)亮着
11)be able to do sth. 能够做……
12)be afraid of (to do sth. that…) 害怕……(不敢做……,恐怕……)
13)be angry with sb. 生(某人)的气
14)be pleased (with) 对……感到高兴(满意)
15)be famous for 以……而著名
16)be strict in (with) (对工作、对人)严格要求
17)be from 来自……,什么地方人
18)be hungry/thirsty/tired 饿了/渴了/累了
19)be worried 担忧
20)be (well) worth doing (非常)值得做……
21)be covered with 被……所覆盖……
22)be in (great) need of (很)需要
23)be in trouble 处于困境中
24)be glad to do sth. 很高兴做……
25)be late for ……迟到
26)be made of (from) 由……制成
27)be satisfied with 对……感到满意
28)be free 空闲的,有空
29)be (ill) in bed 卧病在床
30)be busy doing (with) 忙于做……(忙于……)
( 二)由come、do、get、give、go、have、help、keep、make、looke、put、set、send、take、turn、play等动词构成的词组
1)come back 回来
2)come down 下来
3)come in 进入,进来
4)come on 快,走吧,跟我来
5)come out出来
6)come out of 从……出来
7)come up 上来
8)come from 来自……
9)do one's lessons/homework 做功课/回家作业
10)do more speaking/reading 多做口头练习/朗读
11)do one's best 尽力
12)do some shopping (cooking reading, cleaning)买东西(做饭菜,读点书,大扫除)
13)do a good deed (good deeds)做一件好事(做好事)
14)do morning exercises 做早操
15)do eye exercises 做眼保健操
16)do well in 在……某方面干得好
17)get up 起身
18)get everything ready 把一切都准备好
19)get ready for (=be ready for) 为……作好准备
20)get on (well) with 与……相处(融洽)
21)get back 返回
22)get rid of 除掉,去除
23)get in 进入,收集
24)get on/off 上/下车
25)get to 到达
26)get there 到达那里
27)give sb. a call 给……打电话
28)give a talk 作报告
29)give a lecture (a piano concert)作讲座(举行钢琴音乐会)
30)give back 归还,送回
31)give……some advice on 给……一些忠告
32)give lessons to 给……上课
33)give in 屈服
34)give up 放弃
35)give sb. a chance 给……一次机会
36)give a message to…… 给……一个口信
37)go ahead 先走,向前走,去吧,干吧
38)go to the cinema 看电影
39)go go bed 睡觉(make the bed 整理床铺)
40)go to school (college) 上学(上大学)
41)go to (the) hospital 去医院看病
42)go over 过一遍,复习/ go over to 朝……走去
43)go fishing/skating/swimming/shopping 去钩鱼/滑冰/游泳/买东西
44)go home (there) 回家去(去那儿)
45)go round 顺便去,绕道走
46)go up 上去
47)go out for a walk 外出散步
48)go on (doing) 继续(做……)
49)go on with one's work 继续某人的工作
50)go upstairs/downstairs 上/下楼
51)(the lights) go out (灯)熄了
52)have a lesson (lessons)/a meeting 上课/开会
53)have a football match (basketball match) 举行一场足球(蓝球)赛
54)have dictation 听见
55)have a try 试一试
56)have a good/wonderful time 玩得很高兴
57)have a lecture (a piano concert) 听讲座(听钢琴音乐会)
58)have a report (talk) on 听一个关于……的报告
59)have a glass of water (a cup of tea) 喝一杯水,(一杯茶)
60)have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭
61)have a meal (three meals) 吃一顿饭(三餐饭)
62)have a dinner 吃正餐
63)have bread and milk for breakfast 早饭吃面包和牛奶
64)have (have got) a headache 头痛
65)have a fever 发烧
66)have a cough (a cold) 咳嗽(感冒)
67)have a look (at) 看一看……
68)have a rest (a break) 休息一会儿(工间或课间休息)
69)have a talk 谈话
70)have a swim/walk 游泳/散步
71)have sports 进行体育锻炼
72)have a sports meet (meeting) 开运动会
73)have something done 让人(请人)做……
74)have a test/an exam 测验/考试
75)have an idea 有了个主意
76)had better do sth. (not do sth.) 最好做……(最好不要做……)
77)have a word with 与……谈几句话
78)help sb. with sth. help sb. do sth. 在……方面帮助…… 帮助……做
79)help oneself to some chicken/fish/meat 请随便吃点鸡/鱼/肉
80)help each other 互相帮助
81)keep up with 跟上……,不落后于……
82)keep silent/quiet 保持沉默/安静
83)keep sb. doing sth. 使……一直做……
84)keep one's diary 记日记
85)make a noise (a lot of noise, much noise, noises)吵闹(十分嘈杂,响声)
86)make a living 谋生
87)make sb. do sth. 迫使某人做……
88)make faces (a face)做鬼脸
89)make friends (with)与……交朋友
90)make a mistake (mistakes)犯错误
91)make room/space for 给……腾出地方
92)make a sentence (sentences)with 用……造句
93)make a fire 生火
94)be made from/of 由……制成
95)be made in 在……地方制造
96)look out of (outside) 往外看(看外面)
97)look up a word (in the dictionary) 查字典
98)look up 往上看,仰望
99)look after 照管,照看,照顾
100)look for 寻找
101)look like 看上去像
102)look fine/well/tired/worried 看起来气色好/健康/疲劳/忧虑
103)look out 当心,小心
104)look on …as… 把……当作……看待
105)look around 朝四周看
106)look at 看着……
107)put on 穿上(衣服),戴上(帽子),上演(戏剧)
108)put up 建造,搭起,挂起,举起,张帖
109)put into 使进入,输入
110)put one's heart into 全神贯注于#p#副标题#e#
111)put…down… 把……放下
112)put…into… 把……译成
113)set up 竖起,建起
114)set off 出发,动身
115)set out 出发
116)set an example for 为……树立榜样
117)send for 派人去请(叫)
118)send out 放出,发出
119)end up 把……往上送,发射
120)take one's advice 听从某人劝告
121)take out 拿出,取出
122)take down 拿下
123)take place 发生
124)take one's place 坐……的座位,代替某人职务
125)take the place of 代替……
126)take a walk/rest 散步/休息
127)take it easy 别紧张
128)take sth.with sb. 随身带着
129)take sb. to a park/London for one's holidays 带某人去公园/伦敦度假
130)take care of 关心,照顾,保管
131)take a look (a last look) at 看一看(最后看一眼)
132)take an exam 参加考试
133)take away 拿走
134)take back 收回,带回
135)take hold of 抓住……
136)take off 脱下(衣,帽,鞋等)拿掉
137)take (an active) part in (积极)参加(活动)
138)take photos 拍照
139)take some medicine 服药
140)take a bus/train, boat/ 乘公共汽车,火车/船
141)turn on 开,旋开(电灯,收音机等)
142)turn off 关上(电灯,收音机等)
143)turn in 交出,上交
144)turn…into… 变成
145)turn to 翻到,转向
146)turn down (把音量)调低
147)turn…over 把……翻过来
148)play basketball 打篮球,football 踢足球,volleyball 打排球
149)play games 做游戏
150)play the piano (the violin) 弹钢琴(拉小提琴)
151)play with snow 玩雪
152)play a joke (on) 对……开玩笑
( 三)由其他动词构成的词组
153)think over 仔细考虑
154)arrive at/in a place 到达某处
155)eat up 吃完,吃光
156)do well in 在……干得好
157)enjoy doing sth. like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 喜欢干某事
158)find out 发现,查出(真相等)
159)finish off 吃完,喝完
160)stop doing sth. 停止做某事
161)stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事
162)hold a meting 举行会议
163)hold up 举起
164)hurry up 赶快,快点
165)enter for 报名参加
166)langht at 嘲笑
167)be used to 习惯于
168)used to 过去常常
169)wake…up 唤醒
170)work out 算出
二、动词短语、介词短语和其他词组
1)ask for 向……要……,请求
2)ask for leave 请假
3)send for 派人去请(叫)
4)pay for 付……的款
5)wait for 等候
6)thank for 为……感谢
7)apologize to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人道歉
8)look for 寻找
9)leave…for 离开……去……
10)fall off 跌落
11)catch cold 着凉,伤风
12)catch up with 赶上
13)agree with sb. 赞成,同意某人的意见
14)filled……with 把……装满
15)tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人某事
16)talk about 谈论……
17)think about 考虑……
18)worry about 担忧……
19)look after 照料
20)run after 追赶,跟在后面跑
21)read after 跟……读
22)smile at 对……微笑
23)knock at 敲(门、窗)
24)shout at 对……大喊(嚷)
25)throw away 扔掉
26)work hard at 努力做……
27)wait in line 排队等候
28)change…into… 变成
29)hurry into… 匆忙进入
30)run into… 跑进
31)hear of 听说
32)think of 认为,考虑
33)catch hold of 抓住
34)instead of 代替……
35)hand in 交上来
36)stay in bed 卧病在床
37)hear from 收到……来信
38)at once 立刻
39)at last 最后
40)at first 起先,首先
41)at the age of… 在……岁时
42)at the end of… 在……之末
43)at the beginning of… 在……之初
44)at the foot of… 在……脚下
45)at the same time 同时
46)at night/noon 在夜里/中午
47)with one's help 在某人的帮助下,由于某人的帮助
48)with the help of … 在……的帮助下
49)with a smile 面带笑容
50)with one's own eyes 亲眼看见
51)after a while 过了一会儿
52)from now on 从现在起
53)from then on 从那时起
54)far example 例如
55)far away from 远离
56)from morning till night 从早到晚
57)by and by 不久
58)by air mail 寄航空邮件
59)by ordinary mail 寄平信
60)by the way 顺便说
61)by the window 在窗边
62)by the end of… 到……底为止
63)little by little 逐渐地
64)in all 总共
65)in fact 事实上
66)in one's twenties 在某人二十几岁时
67)in a hurry 匆忙
68)in the middle of 在……中间
69)in no time (in a minute) 立刻,很快
70)in time (on time) 及时
71)in public 公众,公开地
72)in order to 为了……
73)in front of 在……前面
74)in the sun 在阳光下
75)in the end 最后,终于
76)in surprise 惊奇地
77)in turn 依次
78)of course 当然
79)a bit (of) 有一点儿
80)a lot of 许多
81)on one's way to 某人在去……的路上
82)on foot 步行,走路
83)a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告
84)on the other hand 另一方面
85)at/on the weekend 在周末
86)on the left (right) 在左(右)边
87)on the other side of 在……另一边
88)on the radio 通过收音机(无线电广播)
89)to one's joy 使……高兴的是
90)to one's surprise 使……惊讶的是
三、量词词组和其他词组
( 一)量词词组
1)a bit 一点儿
2)a few (of) 一些(可数),几个……
3)a little 一些(不可数)
4)a lot of (lots of) 许多
5)a piece of 一张(一片,块)
6)a cup of 一茶怀
7)a glass of 一玻璃杯
8)a pile of (piles and piles of) 一堆(一堆堆的)……
9)a box of 一盒
10)a copy of 一份,一本
11)a bowl of 一碗
12)a basket of 一篮
13)a plate of 一盘
14)a bottle of 一瓶
15)a basin of 一脸盆
16)a set of 一套
17)a kind of 一种
18)a type of 一种类型的
19)a great deal of 非常多,大量的(不可数名词)
20)a large (great) number of 非常多,大量的(可数名词)
21)a great many 大量,许多(可数名词)
22)a different type of 一种不同型号的
23)a group of 一队,一组,一群
( 二)其他词组
1)all kinds of 各种各样的
2)all over the world/the country 全世界/全国
3)all over 遍及每一部分,浑身
4)all one's life 一生
5)one after another 顺次
6)the Children's Palace 少年宫
7)day after day 日复一日
8)up and down 上上下下
9)the day after tomorrow 后天
10)the day before yesterday 前天
11)the last/past two years (or so) 最近两年(左右)
12)the whole country/the whole world 全国/全世界
13)a moment ago 刚才
14)just now/then 刚才/那时
15)half an hour's walk 步行半小时的路程
16)late on 过后,后来
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下面是读文网小编整理的30天用思维导图战胜英语语法,希望对大家有帮助。
书名 英语语法超图解:30天用思维导图战胜英语
出版社 中国纺织出版社
页数 365页
开本 16
品牌 中国纺织出版社
作者 朱懿婷(Gillian)
出版日期 2012年6月1日
语种 简体中文
ISBN 7506487292, 9787506487290
第一阶段:Day 01~07
20个一定要知道的语法概念
Step 1
先搞懂概念与时态
01. 什么是英语语法? 014
02. 一般现在时vs.一般过去时 021
03. 将来时 026
04. 现在进行时vs.过去进行时vs.将来进行时 032
05. 现在完成时vs.过去完成时vs.将来完成时 039
06. 完成进行时(现在vs.过去vs. 将来) 046
Step 2
了解英语中关键的关键—单词
07. 形容词(含比较级&最高级) 052
08. 副词(含比较级&最高级) 060
09. 动词短语(不可分离vs.可分离) 065
10. 系动词vs.感官动词 070
11. 动名词与不定式 075
12. 连词 084
13. 介词 088
14. 短语 095
该如何使用进阶的句子?
15. 虚拟语气 101
16. 被动语态 106
17. 附加问句 112
18. 关系代名词 ..117
19. 从句(名词从句、形容词从句、副词从句……) 123
20. 倒装句 127
第二阶段:Day 08~22
30个一定
要学的句型
Level 1
基础观念马上建立!(程度分级:初中英语)
01. 那里有时髦的女孩! .136
There is a modern girl.
句型01 There be (not)...
There is enough food for all of us.
延伸 There is (not)...+enough (+...)+ to do...
02. 要不要喝点水啊? 140
Would you like some water?
句型02 Would you like...?
What about another cup of tea?
延伸 How about / What about...?
03. 你花了多长时间从车站走回家? ..143
How long does it take you to walk home from the bus stop?
句型03 How long / soon / often...?
04. 他太胖了,所以他不可能追到校花! 146
He is too fat to get the school queen!
句型04 too...+(for sb. / sth.)+to...
He is so sick that he can't go to work today.
延 伸 so... that...
05. 今天我们去看《变形金刚3》吧! 150
Let's go to see Transformers 3 today!
句型05 Let's / Let us...
Why not go for a walk after dinner?
延 伸 Why not / Why don't we...?
06. 不是所有人都想要费德勒赢,好吗? 154
Not everybody like you want Federer to win, Ok?
句型06 Not everybody / both / all / every...
07. 难怪你上课时总是想睡觉! 158
It is no wonder (that) you always feel sleepy in class.
句型07 (It is) no wonder (that)...
08. 完成这个专案得花上七个工作日呢! 161
It will take 7 working days to finish the project!
句型08 It takes (sb.)+some time+to do sth.
09. 你觉得《哈利•波特》的结局怎么样? 164
What do you think of/about the ending of Harry Potter?
句型09 What do you think of / about...?
10. 我妈叫我下课后就马上回家。 167
My mother asks me to go home as soon as the class is over.
句型10 ...as soon as...
Level 2
可以开始简单英语会话喽!(程度分级:高中第一~二册)
11. 除非你跟我们一起去,否则我是不会跟你哥去看电影的。 171
I won't go to the movie with your brother unless you go with us.
句型11 unless...
I won't leave here until you give me the money.
延伸 until …
12. 苹果公司不知道 iPad 2 会不会是畅销产品。 175
APPLE doesn't know whether iPad 2 will hit or not.
句型12 whether...or...
Does anyone know if he will come today?
延伸 if...
13. 你不一起去吗? 179
Don't you want to come alone?
句型13 Isn't (Don't / Can't / Won't...)+sb....?
It's a beautiful place, isn't it?
延伸 附加问句
14. 多美的一个包啊! 182
How beautiful this bag is!
句型4 What / How...!
She is such a beautiful woman.
延伸 such a / an...
15. 你介意让我先上厕所吗? ....186
Do you mind if I use the toilet first?
句型15 Do / Would you mind...?
16. 这场比赛不只令人屏息还令人非常难忘! 189
This game is not only breath-taking but also unforgettable.
句型16 not only...but also...
17. 了解世界趋势对于学生来说相当重要。 192
It's also important for students to know the current trend of the world.
句型17 It+adj+of / for sb.+to do...
Learning English is an important thing for us to do.
延伸 V-ing+is+adj...
18. 纳达尔不认为这次发球出界了。 196
Nadal doesn't think that this serve is outside.
句型18 Sb. do / does not think / suppose / believe that...
19. 该是时候让贝拉来决定她未来的职业了。 199
It's time for Bella to decide her career.
句型19 It's time (for sb.) to do sth....
It is time (that) we had classes.
延伸 It's (high / about) time that...
20. 李娜是如此的努力以至于他可以赢得法网冠军。 203
Lina works so hard that she could win the first prize in French Open Tennis Championship.
句型20 so that...
Level 3
看到老外也不用怕!(程度分级:高中第三~六册)
21. 起床,否则你开学第一天就要迟到了! .207
Get up, or you will be late on the first day to school.
句型21 or / otherwise...
22. 你每天水喝得越多,你就会越健康。 210
The more water you drink every day, the healthier you will be.
句型22 the +比较级,the +比较级
23. 我恐怕无法去看Lady Gaga的北京演唱会了。 213
I'm afraid I can't go to Lady Gaga's concert in Beijing.
句型23 I'm afraid (that)...
24. 罗杰 .费德勒就是那个打破多项世界网球纪录的人。 216
It is Roger Federer who broke many world records of tennis.
句型24 It is / was...that / who...
25. 这很明显是裁判误判了。 219
It is obvious that the judge made a mistake.
句型25 It is obvious / clear that...
It seems (that) he was late for the train.
延伸 It seems / seemed that / as if...It is said that the food in this supermarket is cheaper.
延伸 It is / was said (reported / hoped) that...
26. 这部电影实在太精彩了,所以大家都在讨论它。 223
This is such a good movie that everyone is talking about it.
句型26 so / such...that...
27. 你最好趁夏天来之前开始减肥。 226
You'd better begin to lose weight before summer comes.
句型27 You'd better (not)...
You are supposed to support your parents.
延伸 be (not) supposed to...
28. 就算要排队等一个小时我也要买到这家店的甜甜圈。 230
Even though I have to wait for an hour, I still want to buy donuts from this shop.
句型28 Even though/if
29. 我妈要我打扫房间。 233
My mother had me clean the room.
句型29 have+sb. ...
30. 不管发生什么事,我都一定会支持我的家人。 236
No matter what happens, I will support my family.
句型30 no matter+疑问词...
第三阶段:Day 23~30
40个不能不
闪的语法陷阱
Trap 1
单词陷阱.同义单词辨析篇
01. ago vs. before .240
02. any vs. some ....243
03. asleep vs. sleepy .247
04. bring vs. take vs. carry ..250
05. hope vs. wish ...253
06. everyday vs. every day .256
07. fit vs. suit .....259
08. hear vs. listen to ..262
09. speak vs. say vs. talk vs. tell 265
10. spend vs. cost .269
11. travel vs. trip ...272
12. wait vs. expect .....275
13. worth vs. worthy ..278
14. occur vs. happen vs. take place 281
15. can vs may vs. might 284
16.maybe vs. may be 287
17. during vs. while vs. when 290
18. prefer vs. rather 293
Trap 2
单词陷阱.一词多义使用篇
01. think的用法 296
02. time的用法 299
03. help的用法 302
04. hurt 的用法 305
05. mind的用法 308
06. welcome的用法 312
Trap 3
语法陷阱.语法观念辨析篇
01. 动词+动名词vs. 动词+不定式 315
02. 一般过去时vs. 过去完成时 319
03. 否定疑问句的回答 322
04. 形容词的词序问题 325
05. 间接问句的用法 328
Trap 4
语法陷阱.语法使用差异篇
01. have been to vs. have gone to 331
02. neither...nor vs. either...or 334
03. other vs. the other vs. another 337
04. shameful vs. ashamed 340
05. sometime vs. sometimes vs. some time vs. some times 343
06. one的指示代词 346
07. so vs. such 349
08. what vs. which 352
09. whether vs. if 355
10. could vs. would 358
11. than在比较句型中的用法 361
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下面是读文网小编整理的365句掌握高中英语语法,希望对大家有帮助。
Part 1二、三词句
Part 2四词句
Part 3五词句
Part 4六词句
Part 5七词句
Part 6八词句
Part 7九词句
Part 8十词句
Part 9十一词句
Part 10十二词句
Part 11十三词句
Part 12十四词句
Part 13十五词句
Part 14十六词句
Part 15十七词句
Part 16十八词句
Part 17十九词句
Part 18二十词以上句
附录一:语法知识索引
附录二:句子索引
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下面是读文网小编整理的60天攻克高考英语语法 介绍,希望对大家有帮助。
第1天 构词法
第2天 构词法大练兵
第3天 名词
第4天 数词
第5天 代词
第6天 代词大练兵
第7天 冠词
第8天 形容词
第9天 副词
第10天 形容词副词比较等级
第11天 比较等级大练兵
第12天 介词
第13天 介词大练兵
第14天 连词
第15天 动词
第16天 动词短语大练兵
第17天 助动词
第18天 情态动词
第19天 情态动词大练兵
第20天 动词的时态
第21天 动词时态大练兵
第22天 动词的语态
第23天 虚拟语气
第24天 虚拟语气大练兵
第25天 动词不定式
第26天 动词不定式大练兵
第27天 动名词
第28天 非谓语分词(1)
第29天 非谓语分词(2)
第30天 非谓语分词大练兵
第31天 析使句和感叹句
第32天 反意疑问句
第33天 主语从句
第34天 宾语从句
第35天 定语从句
第36天 定语从句大练兵
第37天 状语从句
第38天 状语从句大练兵
第39天 独立成分
第40天 倒装
第41天 倒装大练兵
第42天 省略
第43天 主谓一致
第44天 it的用法
第45天 特殊句式
第46天 语法深呼吸(1)
第47天 语法深呼吸(2)
第48天 语法深呼吸(3)
第49天 语法深呼吸(4)
第50天 语法深呼吸(5)
第51天 语法沉着练(1)
第52天 语法沉着练(2)
第53天 语法沉着练(3)
第54天 语法沉着练(4)
第55天 语法沉着练(5)
第56天 语法放轻松(1)
第57天 语法放轻松(2)
第58天 语法放轻松(3)
第59天 语法放轻松(4)
第60天 语法放轻松(5)
参考答案
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下面是读文网小编整理的8年级下册英语语法,希望对大家有帮助。
Topic1 We’re going on a spring field trip
一. 重点词汇
( 一 ) 词形转换:
1.discuss(名词) discussion 2.queen(对应词) king
3.comfortable(名词) comfort 4.safely (形容词) safe (名词) safety
( 二 ) 词的辨析
1. find out / look for / find 2. cost / pay for / spend on
3. other /else 4. raise /rise
5.each /every 6.exciting / excited
(三)重点词组:
1.go on a visit to 去……旅行
2. make the decision 做决定
3.bring back 带回
4.go on a field trip 去野外旅行
5.decide on (upon) sth 对某事做出决定
6 see the sunrise 看日出
7. make a reservation 预订
8. come up with 想出(主意)
9. look forward to (doing) sth 期望
10. pay for 支付;赔偿
11. raise money 筹钱
12. book a ticket 订票
13. make a room for sb 为……订房间
14. have a wonderful time 玩得愉快
15. in the daytime 在白天
16. a two-day visit 为期两天的旅行
17.find out 查出
18. some places of interest 名胜
19. rooms with bathtub 带浴室的房间
20.a hard (soft) sleeper 硬(软)卧
21.my pleasure 不客气
二.重点句型及重点语言点
1. I have some exciting news to tell you. 我有一些激动人心的消息要告诉你们。
to tell you 是动词不定式短语, 作定语。动词不定式作定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。如: I have nothing to talk about. He has a lot of work to do.
2. Sounds great!= It sounds great! 听起来不错。
3. We will go on a two-day visit to Mount Tai. 我们将要去泰山玩两天。
go on a visit to 去参观/旅游 They went to a visit to Egypt last year.
类似有:go on a trip / go on a picnic
a two-day visit 为期两天的旅行 a two-month holiday 两个月的假期
an eighteen-year-old boy 一个18岁的男孩
4.It’s hard to say. 这很难说。To say 是动词不定式作主语,It 是形式主语。
如: It’s nice to meet you.
5. I’ll ask the airline on the phone. 我将打电话问问航空公司。同义句是:
I’ll phone and ask the airline.
6. Bring back your information to class tomorrow and we’ll decide on the best way to go on our field trip. 明
天把你们查到的信息带到班上来,然后我们来决定最好的郊游方式。
bring back 带回。Please bring back your library books tomorrow.
decide on/upon sth 决定,选定 We’re trying to decide on a school.
7.It’s too far for cycling. 骑自行车去路太远了。同义句是:It’ too far to cycle there.
8.How long does it take to reach Mount Tai by…?乘……去泰山要花多长时间?
9.How much does it cost to go there ?去那里要花多少钱?
How much does a standard room cost ? 一个标准间的价格是多少?
10.We have tickets at 120 yuan for the hard sleeper and 180 yuan for the soft sleeper.
我们的票价是硬卧120元,软卧是180元。
at 意为“以……”,一般用于表示价格,年龄,速度等词的前面,for 意为“供,适合于”。I’ve got tickets at 80 yuan for The Sound of Music.
11.I’d like to book 20 tickets for the hard sleeper. 我要预订20张硬卧票。
20 tickets for the hard sleeper= 20 hard sleeper tickets
book tickets 预订票 book a room for sb/sth 为……预订房间
e.g. We want to book some rooms for 14th. 我们想预订一些14号的房间。
12.Please pay for the tickets before 5:30 p.m. 请在下午5:30之前付款。
Pay for 支付 pay for sb to do sth 付钱给某人做某事
e.g. Her parents paid for her to go to America.她的父母支付她去美国的费用.
13. I want to make a hotel reservation. 我想预订房间。
make a reservation 预订
14. We have rooms with a bathtub… 我们有带浴缸……的房间。
with 有或带着 a house with a swimming pool
a standard room with two single beds
15.It’s very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools. 在加拿大和美国的学校里筹钱是很正常的。raise money 筹钱 We can raise the money ourselves.
16.It costs each student one dollar to buy a ticket for the draw.每一个学生花一美元便可买到一张抽奖的票。
(1)each 作主语,谓语用单数 Each of the students spends one dollar buying a ticket.. (2)用于单数名词前,作定语,谓语用单数。Each student has their own e-mail address.
(3)用于复数主语后,作主语同位语,谓语用复数。They each have their own e-mail address.
17. I am looking forward to hearing from you . 我盼望收到你的来信。
Look forward to 盼望,期待 They are looking forward to solving the problem.
三.重点语法
动词不定式
(1) 动词不定式常跟这些及物动词之后,want ,refuse, forget, need , try, learn , like, agree, help, hope ,decide, begin等。可用顺口溜(要想拒绝忘记,需要努力学习,喜欢同意帮助,希望决定开始)
(2) 不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not. My mother decided not to buy a computer for me.
(3) 不定式可以和疑问词who , which ,when, where ,how, what等连用。 Can you tell me what to say at the meeting ? I don’t know how to get to the station.
(4) 本topic出现的句子有:
I have some exciting news to tell you.
I want to make a hotel reservation.
It is very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools.
The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers.
I think the most exciting way is to sell flowers in the evening.
Kangkang helped us to book the train tickets.
Topic2 How about exploring the Ming Tombs ?
一、重点词汇:
(一)词形转换:
1.explore(名词) explore 2. east (形容词) eastern
3.north(形容词) northern 4. push (反义词) pull
5.sadly(形容词) sad (名词) sadness 6. crowd (形容词) crowded
(二)重点词组:
1.make a plan 拟定计划
2. make sure 确信,确保
3. come along with 和……一起来
4. at the foot of 在……的脚下
5. be surprised at 对……感到惊奇
6. be satisfied with 对……感到满意
7. out of sight 看不见
8. step on one’s toes 踩着某人的脚
9. can’t help doing sth 忍不住做某事
10. spread over 分布于
11.rush out 冲出去
12.raise one’s head 抬头
13.ask sb for help 向某人求助
14.thank goodness 谢天谢地
二. 重点句型及重点语言点
1. While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams.当你在旅行时, 我正忙于准备考试。
(1)be busy doing sth,/ be busy with sth 忙于做某事
I’m busy preparing for my birthday party these days.
(2)while 当……时候,引导时间状语从句。当一个动作在正在进行时,另一个动作也同时进行。While my mother was cooking , I was watching TV.
2.Would you help me plan a trip ? 请你帮我定个旅行计划好吗?
Would you 比will you 语气更加客气,委婉, 类似还有could you
Could you come along with us ?
3. They surveyed the area to make sure their tombs faced south and had mountains at the back. 他们仔细勘测了整个区域,确保这些陵墓是坐北朝南,而且在背后有群山环绕。
make sure 确信,确保 Make sure all the windows are closed before you leave.
4.It’s about two and a half hours by bike. 骑自行车大约要2个半小时。
Two and a half hours = two hours and a half
5.It’s to the east of Yongling. 它在永陵的东面。
to the +方位词+of (表示互不接壤) Japan is to the east of China.
on the +方位词+of (表示相互接壤)Fujian is on the south of Zhejang .
in the +方位词+of 表示在某一范围内的地区 Beijing is in the north of China.
6.They walked into Dingling and were surprised at the wonders. 他们走进定陵,对那里的奇观感到很惊奇。
be surprised at 对……感到很惊奇 He is surprised at dragons.
be surprised to do sth 惊奇地做某事 She was surprised to find she was lost.
7.…so they had to look for space to park their bikes 他们不得不寻找停自行车的地方
space 空间 Can you make space for this old man ?
8. While the crowd was pushing him in different directions, someone stepped on his toes.
当人群从四面八方挤来时,有人踩了他的脚。
in one’s direction 朝着某人的方向 step on one’s toes踩了某人的脚
step on sth 踩某物 Don’t step on the flowers and grass.
9.When he finally rushed out of the crowd, he noticed his friends were both out of sight.
当他最后冲出人群时,他注意到他的两个朋友都不见了。
notice sb do sth 注意某人做了某事 notice sb doing sth注意某人正在做某事
10. As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up happily.
三个男孩一见面,就高兴得跳了起来。
as soon as 引导时间状语从句 意为“一……就”
He left as soon as he heard the news.
I’ll tell him as soon as I see him.
11.He didn’t raise his head until someone called his name. 直到有人喊他的名字,他才抬起头。 not …until 直到……才
12.They were so lovely that we couldn’t help playing with them.
它们太可爱了,我们禁不住和它们一起玩。
can’t help doing sth 忍不住做某事 When I heard the funny news, I couldn’t help laughing.
13. I am satisfied with everything in China. 我对在中国的一切感到满意。]
be satisfied with 对……感到满意 He is satisfied with my work.
14.. We even asked the guard for help. 我们甚至向保安寻求帮助。
ask sb for help 向某人求助 The lost boy asked the police for help.
三.重点语法 时间状语从句
1。引导词:
(1) when, while , as 当……时候. when 后可跟短暂性动词也可跟延续性动词;while 后跟延续性动词;
as 多用于口语,强调同一时间,或一前一后。
The students were talking in the classroom when the teacher came in.
= While the students were talking in the classroom , the teacher came in. 学生在教室里谈话时,老师进来了。
Mother always sings as she cooks dinner for us. 妈妈总是边给我们做饭边唱歌。
(2)not … until 直到……才,主句谓语动词常用短暂性动词。
I won’t leave here until the rain stops.
He didn’t sleep until his mother came back home.
(3) after 在……之后,before 在……之前,as soon as 一……就
I went to sleep after I finished my homework..= I finished my homework before I went to sleep.
As soon as the bell rings , the students will go into the classroom.
2. 时态
(1)当主句为一般过去时时,从句常用过去的某种时态。
While I was doing my homework , the telephone rang.
(2)当主句的时态为一般将来时, 从句用一般现在时。
I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing.
本topic出现的句子有:
1.While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams.
2.He didn’t raise his head until someone called his name.
3.While the crowd was pushing him in different directions, someone stepped on his toes.
.4. As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up happily.
5.After they rode their bikes for two and a half hours, Kangkanf , Michael and Darren arrived at the Ming Tombs.
6.As they were exploring happily, the crowd became larger and larger.
Topic3 Bicycles are popular with people
一、重点词汇:
(一)词形转换:
1. death (动词) die (形容词 )dead 2 slow (副词) slowly
3.crossing(动词)cross 介词) across 4. success(动词)succeed (形容词successful
5.Pain (形容词) painful 6. lead (名词) leader
7.final (副词) finally 8impossible (反义词) possible
9 courage (动词) encourage
(二)重点词组:
1.Slow down 减速
2. run into 撞到
3. avoid doing sth 避免 防止做某事
4. warn sb to do sth 警告/提醒某人做某事
5. ride into 进入 跻身于
6 get used to (doing) 习惯于做某事
7. a sharp turn 急转弯
8. be popular with 受……的欢迎
9. get a fine 处以罚金
10. go on doing sth 继续做某事
11. the way to success 成功之路
12. obey the traffic rules 遵守交通规则
13.break the traffic rules 违反交通规则
14. be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事
15.be famous for 因……闻名
16. be in danger 处于危险中
17.after a while 一会儿
二. 重点句型及重点语言点
1.I think traffic in Beijing is crazy. 我认为北京的交通很拥堵。
traffic 是不可数名词
2. If people obey the traffic rules , there will be fewer accidents. 如果人们都遵守交通规则,交通事故将会减少。
If we break the traffic rules, it will be dangerous and we will get a fine.如果人们违反交通规则,将很危险,我们会受到处罚的。
这是if 引导条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。
3.I feel a little more confident. 我感到自信多了。
more confident 是比较级
4. It can help us save energy and avoid pollution. 这样可以节约能源以及避免空气污染。 avoid sth / doing sth 避免做某事
You should avoid making the mistake like that.
He ran into the wall to avoid hitting the truck.
5.Bicycles are popular with people. 自行车深受人们欢迎。
Be popular with 受……欢迎
6 It warns us to be more careful. Warn sb (not)to do sth 警告/提醒某人做某事
He warned her to keep silence. Warn sb about sth 提醒某人某事
7.Most people think bicycles are much safer than any other vehicle.大部分人认为自行车比其他交通工具要安全些。
8..However, his way to success didn’t go well. 然而,他的成功之路并非一帆风顺。
The way to success 成功之路 success in doing sth 在……成功
I didn’t have much success in finding a job. 我找工作没什么结果。
9.Like the other challenges in his life, Lance faced it head-on. 像面对生命中其他挑战一样,兰斯迎头面对。
10.It seems impossible to beat him. 打败他似乎是不可能的。
beat sb 打败某人 win a game /match/ a gold medal
It seems +adj+to do sth 做某事似乎……
She always seems to be sad.
三.重点语法 条件状语从句
1.条件状语从句由if(如果),unless(除非)等 引导的,谓语动词常用一般现在时表示将来,主句用一般将来时。
主句 if从句
Will (must, should, may) 一般现在时
如:I won’t go if he doesn’t go .
We will pass the exam if we study hard.
We won’t pass the exam unless we study hard..
2. 祈使句+and/or 引导的结果句,祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句。
如:Hurry up, or you’ll be late.= If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.=You’ll be late unless you hurry up.
Study hard, and you will pass the exam.= If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
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下面是读文网小编整理的薄冰高中英语语法详解,希望对大家有帮助。
一种语言区别于另一种语言的关键在于语法的运用,“英语语法”是英语语言的法则规律为英语学习的重点。因此,学好语法是英语学习者学好英语的前提和基础。笔者探讨研习英语教学50余年,曾出版过多部“英语语法”著作。将平生所学为家乡的出版事业做些贡献,是笔者多年埋藏于心中的愿望。现在,经过与多位亲临英语教学一线的优秀教师与学子的通力合作,这个夙愿终于得以实现。本书编写历时一年有余终于与广大读者见面。我们希望此书的出版,能为学习英语的同学助一臂之力。
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下面是读文网小编整理的薄冰实用英语语法详解,希望对大家有帮助。
《薄冰实用英语语法详解(最新修订版)(双色袖珍版)》只应是入门的向导,像一根拐棍一样。英语达到一定水平之后,就应将它扔掉。起码不要让许多语法条条充斥头脑,影响你说和写的流利性。那么应该如何学习语法呢?作者认为在学习语法过程中,应该注意下面几点:基本概念最重要。在学习每个语法项目时,一定要把它的基本概念搞清,牢记在心。要大量地实践,大量地练习。实践要包括听、说、读、写四个方面。练习要着重说和写。学习语法时,应多用比较法。如对动词时态、冠词、介词、名词的单、复数等较难的语法项目进行相互比较,效果就比较好。要将语法法则与习惯用法分开。碰到习惯用法,就不必钻牛角尖,进行徒劳的分析。而习惯用法在英语中则是大量地存在着的。将一本语法书通读一遍,当然也不无好处。但最好将它作为工具书,像词典一样地经常查阅,方能学得比较细致牢靠。
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初中英语掌握好的学习方法来学习语法非常重要,下面就给您介绍一些初中英语语法学习技巧,希望能给您带来一定帮助。
英语中有大量的同义词比较,利用数学符号和表述可节约大量记忆细胞。如each,every表“每一个”作定语时的区别,就可以用这样的符号表示:each≥2,every≥3.both,all的区别both=2,all≥3;neither,none的区别neither=2,none≥3.
数学语言表述法:news不可数名词,paper不可数名词,负负得正newspaper可数名词。
图示法:other,another,the other,the others,others的区别:
○—● one…the other,
○—○●○ one…another ,
○—●●● one…the others,
○○○○—●●● some…the others ,
○○○○—●●●○○○○ some…others.
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作为一名教师,做好备课的教案及课后反思是很重要的,下面是读文网小编整理的高中英语语法教学案例反思,希望对大家有帮助。
实施新教材的几年来,大部分高中教师都不同程度地表现出忽视语法教学的倾向。在教学中,有的教师过分追求教学过程的交际化,不重视或根本不讲语法,使学生丧失了最基本的分析句子结构、把握曲折附加成份的能力,在言语交际中,遇到与课文内容一致的,张口就来,十分流利,稍加变换便错漏百出,在书写练习和测试中,动笔就错,语言的逻辑和规范性及变通能力较差。现行高中英语教材吸收了现代语言的教学思想,强调语言功能、意念、结构、话题相结合,改变了传统教材中以语法为线索的编排体系。现代高中英语教材的编排模式,曾一度使部分教师在教学中片面追求教学中的交流化,不重视或不进行语法教学,致使英语教学中语法被淡化甚至走向另一个极端。
长期以来,语法教学就是英语课堂教学的重要组成部分。新英语课程标准提出后,语法被划分到语言知识中,而语言知识是综合语言运用能力的有机组成部分,也是发展语言技能的重要基础。可见,新课标还是很重视语法教学的,之所以将综合语言运用能分为语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识等素养,乃是希望改变以往课堂教学中过分重视语法讲授、忽视对学生其它方面的培养的局面。另外,根据应用语言学中的第二外语习的理论,语法的学习对于母语外第二外语的习得起归化和促进作用。再者,我国英语专家王宗炎认为:“学英语,必须取得语法知识?不懂语法知识,听英语,读英语无法理解,说英语,写英语更无从下手?”因此,我们还是要重视语法教学在英语课堂教学中的重要地位,并积极探索出符合新课程标准要求的教学方法,从而提高语法教学的有效性。
一、语法教学的有效性
虽然到目前为止,国内外对教学有效性的界定及其标准不尽相同,但都认为有效教学是为了能更好的促进学生的学习和发展,这也符合新课程标准所倡导的学生是学习和发展的主体,一切学习活动都是为了学生的发展。语法教学的目的不是仅仅掌握一些抽象的语法规则,而是帮助学生提高运用语言的实践能力。这就好比画画、游泳和打球等教学活动,其理论学习的目的都是为了使学习者更好地进行实际操作和运用,最后能自己画画、游泳和打球,甚至达到熟练化的程度。从某种意义上说,语法教学也是这样的,它不仅仅传授语法规则,更重要的是培养语言运用的能力,其目的是必须将知识运用到具体实际。因此,我们可以说,语法教学的有效性主要体现在学生对语法知识的掌握和运用上,教师要通过一段时间的教学,使学生掌握并运用某一语法,从而使学生获得某种具体的进步或发展。
二、提高语法教学有效性的设计
(使用教材 新课标必修四 unit 4 动词ing形式做状语的教学过程设计 )
第一步:导入。通过图片和书面语言的描述创设一个情景,使学生在此过程中先接触到将要讲解的句型,并为下面的教学内容做铺垫。配上生动形象的图片有助于学生对句子的理解,与此同时教师要提醒学生注意不同颜色的单词和短语,并注意动词的用法,共9句。
第二步:句型变换和分析状语类型。首先,以教师问,学生集体回答的形式,将不同类型的状语从句转换为动词ing形式短语做状语的句子。转换后的句子就是之前学生在阅读故事中见过的那些句子,以此让学生回忆并加深印象,共6句。如:when he caught sight of such a great deal of money, he felt so surprised with his mouth open.→catching sight of such a great deal of money, he felt so surprised with his mouth open. 接着,教师引导学生分析动词ing形式做什么状语,如上面的句子就是动词ing形式做时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句,一般放在句首或者句尾。最后在此环节中,通过一组句型转换,让学生得出动词ing形式作状语的否定形式,即在动词ing前面加上否定词。
第三步:总结状语类型。以填空的形式让学生独立完成,通过归纳总结,使学生进一步认识到动词-ing(短语)可以做不同的状语,教师也可以检查学生对此理解与把握的程度。
第四步:练习。将不同类型的状语从句转换为动词ing形式做状语的句子,请学生到黑板上写出转换后的句子,共6句。
第五步:列出两组句子,以分析和比较的形式导入动词ing形式的完成时,并进行练习。如:after he finished these words, he fell down .→finishing these words, he fell down .
after i had finished my work, i went home.→having finished my work, i went home.
第六步:总结动词ing分词的一般式和完成式。同样以填空的形式让学生独立完成,通过比较与总结,让学生更加清楚动词ing形式的现在时和完成时的用法。
第七步:练习。单独请某些学生用动词ing形式的现在时和完成时改写句子,共6句。
第八步:以表格的形式导入动词ing 形式的语态。考虑到学生的基础,给学生呈现动词ing形式被动语态的结构,并马上进行练习。
主动形式 被动形式
一般时 doing being done
完成时 having done having been done
第九步:高考链接之语法填空。文章内容为之前讲过的故事,只不过句子形式有改变。本练习要求小组合作,共同讨论出全部的答案,并将答案写在纸上交给教师。
one day, when liang weifu walked along a street, he found a black bag and opened the bag with curiosity. 1._________ his surprise, it’s full of money.catching sight of such a great deal of money , he felt so 2._________ (surprise) with his mouth open. 3. _______(take)those money, he can buy a lot of things. instead of keeping those money for themselves , he and his classmates 4._______(decide)to take the money to the police. 5.________ (praise) and thanked by the policeman, he felt relaxed and happy. 6._________, checking the money carefully, the police made a 7.__________(conclude) that all the money was fake.the police followed the clues he 8._________ (offer),catching the law breakers involved with fake money making. 9._____________ (make) great contribution to our society, he was honored 10.________ the outstanding youth.
answers: to; surprised; taking; decided; being praised/praised; however; conclusion; had offered; having made ; as
三、提高语法教学有效性的反思与总结
语法教学和其他教学有相同之处,也有不同之处,所以提高其有效性在遵循普遍规律的同时,也有着其特殊的地方,这也是我们英语老师应该注意的地方。为了提高英语课堂语法教学的有效性,我们应该着重关注以下几个方面:
(一)目标的设定和实施
目标是教师进行教学活动的指南,也是促进学生发展的航标,所以,目标的设定和实施就显得尤为关键,语法教学目标的设定和实施自然也不例外。首先,目标的设定要完整。新课程规定了课程目标的三大领域,即知识与技能,过程与方法,情感、态度和价值观,一般而言,语法教学目标的设定也应该包括以上三大领域。“有效教学必须促使学生在这三大领域上得到全面的充分的发展,有效教学要求教师将学科的价值定位在完整的人的发展上”。但是,这并不意味着我们任何一节语法课都要硬性的套用以上三大领域作为教学目标,或者很牵强的在某节语法课中以某种情感、态度或价值观作为教学目标之一。因为语法教学的学科性质决定了其主要目标是知识和能力目标,其它目标的存在应该有其科学性和合理性。
其次,目标的设定要具体。设定的目标应该是具体明确的、有针对性的,而且其表述一般包括四个要素:行为主体、行为条件、表现程度和行为动词。行为主体应是针对学生的。行为动词应是可观察、可测量的具体行为。如,朗读、背诵、翻译、造句等。行为条件包括信息的提供或提示。表现程度即用以评价和测量学生学习表现的内容。语法教学的目标应是学生对某个具体的语法点及其形式、意义和运用的理解或掌握,其程度也应该是具体的、有层次的。
最后,目标的实施要落实在实际教学活动中。目标设定好之后,教学活动就应该紧紧围绕教学目标展开,这样才能更好的提高教学的有效性。语法教学也是如此,它非常需要相应的具体的教学活动帮助学生理解枯燥无味的、抽象形式的语法规则。于是,我们这节语法课的教学目标为:1.使学生掌握动词ing形式做状语的几种用法,掌握其否定形式、现在时、完成时及其被动语态,并能了解和区分动词ing形式做状语时现在时和完成时的不同。2.使学生能利用所学语法知识进行日常交流,完成基本的记叙文的写作。3.培养学生拾金不昧的精神品质。
(二)情景和任务的设计
学习要和实际生活相联系,语言学习如果在特定的情景和任务中将会得到更正确的理解和运用。我们通过图片和书面语言文字的描述创设了一个拾金不昧的情景,根据故事中出现的句子提出了一些教学任务,不仅提高了学生学习的兴趣,也活跃了课堂教学气氛。
在学完动词ing形式做状语后,有教师建议将最后的语法填空练习换成另外一种形式的练习,可以让学生看一段有趣的视频之后,写出几个用动词ing形式做状语的句子,当然,教师最好给出相应的单词作为提示。也有教师建议,可以进行分组合作,不同组写出句子的不同成分,然后随意抽取这些成分,让学生组成一句用动词ing形式做状语的句子。这些活动都能极大的调动学生的积极性,还能巩固学生的语法知识,提高他们运用语言的能力。但我考虑到学生的基础不是很好,而且设计那样的教学任务,需要能很好的控制时间并组织好课堂教学秩序。所以,在我的课堂上,我还是选择了语法填空的练习。我认为这种书面形式的练习,只要运用的合适、合理,同样也可以起到提高学生运用语言能力的效果。
(三)模式和方法的采用
新课改实施以来,很多教师顺应新教材的变化,在语法教学中不断创新,逐渐改变了以往的“呈现(语法规则)+操练(句型)”的模式,改变了教师中心的填鸭式教学。与此同时,也逐渐形成了两种常用的模式,一种是“呈现(语言现象)——实践(句型)——运用”,适合新授课;另一种是“呈现语法点——讨论归纳——巩固操练——综合运用”,适合复习课。上面的动词ing形式做状语是一节复习课,其设计的模式也正好和常用的语法教学模式相似。这也充分说明了,在新课程理念的指导下,我们大多数教师都能将学生作为学习活动的主体,让学生自己去观察、分析、比较、发现和总结,然后模仿操练,达到口头和笔头上的灵活运用,逐渐形成学生中心的自主学习。
随着教学模式的改变,教学的方法也发生了相应的改变,教师不仅要考虑到自己的教法,考虑到与学生的互动,还要考虑到学生的学法,考虑到如何引导学生学会学习。语法教学中,最忌讳的就是把语法作为静止的语法规则和知识传授,或者是在学生没有了解语法结构的意义之前,就让学生运用所学的语法知识。所以,我们在教学设计中几组句子,让学生进行对比分析,归纳出知识点和不同点,从而更进一步加深对语法知识的理解。如:
making great contribution to our society, he was honored as the outstanding youth!
having made great contribution to our society, he was honored as the outstanding youth!
the police checked the money carefully,making a conclusion that all the money was fake!
having made a conclusion that all the money was fake, the police took action to catch the fake-money makers.
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介词表示它后面的名词或相当于名词的其他结构与句中其他成分的关系。下面读文网小编为大家带来介词语法讲解及练习题,欢迎大家学习!
1)in , on,at 在……时
in表示较长时间,如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。
如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in the night, in one’s life , in one’s thirties等。
on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。
如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year’s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。
at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间,或泛指圣诞节,复活节等。
如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of …, at the age of …, at Christmas, at night, at noon, at this moment等。
注意:在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如:We meet every day.
2)in, after 在……之后
“in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后;
“after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后;
“after+将来点时间”表示将来的某一时刻以后。
My mother will come back in three or four days.
He arrived after five months.
She will appear after five o’clock this afternoon.
3)from, since 自从……
from仅说明什么时候开始,不说明某动作或情况持续多久;
since表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻,通常与完成时连用。
He studied the piano from the age of three.
They have lived here since 1978.
4)after, behind 在……之后
after主要用于表示时间;
behind主要用于表示位置。
We shall leave after lunch.
Lucy is hiding behind an old house.
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数据库中树形图的用法的用法你知道吗?下面小编就跟你们详细介绍下数据库中树形图的用法的用法,希望对你们有用。
树形图用于显示按照树形结构进行组织的数据,其用途比较广泛,如计算机中的文件系统(Windows中的资源管理器)、企业或公司的组成结构等。我们知道在Windows下VB、PB、Delphi等工具提供了一个功能很强的树型控件TreeView,利用Treeview控件可以方便地开发树形图。然而在网页上实现树形图就不那么容易了,现在在asp.net中利用微软提供的Internet Explorer WebControls它使得网页上的树形图开发与在Windows下一样的方便,一样的功能强大,甚至更灵活。
本文介绍用Internet Explorer WebControls开发树形图的方法,由于树形图结构较复杂,使用起来常不知如何下手。笔者结合最近刚为公司用ASP.NET编写的应用程序管理器这一具体实例,详细阐述在ASP.NET下如何将Internet Explorer WebControls的使用与数据库联系起来,实现数据分任意多层显示,方便地进行增加、修改、删除、移动操作。笔者希望通过对该实例的阐述,达到抛砖引玉的效果,与各位同仁相互交流,共同进步。
Internet Explorer WebControls不在VS.NET的标准Server Control中,要到微软的站点上下载,下载地址是:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/downloads/samples/internet/default.asp?url=/Downloads/samples/Internet/ASP_DOT_NET_ServerControls/WebControls/default.asp
下载安装后第一次使用时,要右击工具箱Customize Toolbox…→.NET Framework Components中找到Micosoft.Web.UI.WebControls.Treeview后选中,这样Treeview控件就出现在工具箱中了。
一、树的建立
具体方法是:创建一个数据库,设计树图信息表TREE_INFO,包含NODEID、PARENTID、NODENAME、ADDErss、ICON字段,其它字段根据实际业务而定,节点名称NODENAME将在树型控件的节点上显示,NODEID字段保存节点的唯一标识号,PARENTID表示当前节点的父节点号,标识号组成了一个“链表”,记录了树上节点的结构。设计一个Web窗体其上放置TreeView控件。
PRivate Sub CreateDataSet()’建立数据集
Dim myConn As New SqlConnection()
Dim myCmd As New SqlCommand("select NODEID,NODENAME,PARENTID,ADDRESS,ICON from Tree_info", myConn)
Dim myDataAdapter As New SqlDataAdapter()
myConn.ConnectionString = application("connectstring")
myCmd.CommandText = ""
myCmd.Connection = myConn
myDataAdapter.SelectCommand = myCmd
myDataAdapter.Fill(ds, "tree")
End Sub
建树的基本思路是:从根节点开始递归调用显示子树
Private Sub Page_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
CreateDataSet()
intiTree(TreeView1.Nodes, 0)
End Sub
Private Sub intiTree(ByRef Nds As TreeNodeCollection, ByVal parentId As Integer)
Dim dv As New DataView()
Dim drv As DataRowView
Dim tmpNd As TreeNode
Dim intId As Integer
dv.Table = ds.Tables("tree")
dv.RowFilter = "PARENTID=’" & parentId & "’"
For Each drv In dv
tmpNd = New TreeNode()
strId = drv("NODE_ID")
tmpNd.ID = strId
tmpNd.Text = drv("NODE_NAME ")
tmpNd.ImageUrl = drv("ICON").ToString
Nds.Add(tmpNd)
intiTree(Nds(Nds.Count - 1).Nodes, intId)
Next
End Sub
二、增加、删除树节点
单纯在Treeview 上增加、删除、修改节点只需用Nodes属性的Add、 Remove、等方法即可,值得注意的地方是VS.NET中Treeview的Nodes集合与VS6.0中的区别,VS6.0中的是一个大的集合,而VS.NET中的是分层的每个Node下都有Nodes属性。增加、删除、修改树节点时与VS6.0相比有很大差别,特别是删除时。
Private Sub ButAdd_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles ButAdd.Click’在选定的节点下添加子节点
Dim tmpNd As New TreeNode(), NdSel As TreeNode
tmpNd.ID = GetNewId()
NdSel = TreeView1.GetNodeFromIndex(TreeView1.SelectedNodeIndex)’选中的节点
tmpNd.Text = "新节点"
NdSel.Nodes.Add(tmpNd)
Dim myRow As DataRow
myRow = ds.Tables("tree").NewRow()
myRow("NODE_NAME") = tmpNd.ID
myRow("NODE_DESCRipT") = "新节点" & tmpNd.ID & "_" & NdSel.ID
myRow("PARENT_NAME") = NdSel.ID
ds.Tables("tree").Rows.Add(myRow)
End Sub
Private Sub ButDele_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles ButDele.Click’删除选中的节点
Dim idx As String = TreeView1.SelectedNodeIndex()
GetNdCol(idx).Remove(TreeView1.GetNodeFromIndex(idx))
Dim dv As New DataView(), recNo As Integer
dv.Table = ds.Tables("tree")
dv.RowFilter= "NODEID=" & NdId
dv.Delete(0)
End Sub
Private Function GetNdCol(ByVal idx As String) As TreeNodeCollection
‘获得选中节点的父节点的Nodes集合
Dim cnt As Integer, i As Integer
Dim tmpNds As TreeNodeCollection
Dim idxs() As String
idxs = Split(idx, ".")
cnt = UBound(idxs)
If cnt = 0 Then
tmpNds = TreeView1.Nodes
Else
tmpNds = TreeView1.Nodes(CInt(idxs(0))).Nodes
For i = 1 To cnt - 1
tmpNds = tmpNds(CInt(idxs(i))).Nodes
Next
End If
Return tmpNds
End Function
三、修改、移动树节点
由于服务器控件不支持鼠标拖动事件,所以不能象Windows程序那样通过拖动移动节点,这里是通过选择父节点的方式。移动是通过在原位置删除,新位置添加实现的,要注意在删除时先保存节点信息。
Private Sub TreeView1_SelectedIndexChange(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As Microsoft.Web.UI.WebControls.TreeViewSelectEventArgs) Handles TreeView1.SelectedIndexChange
Dim dv As New DataView()
dv.Table = ds.Tables("tree")
Dim tmpNd As TreeNode = TreeNdSel(e.OldNode), tmpNds As TreeNodeCollection
dv.RowFilter= "NODEID=" & tmpNd.ID
dv(0)("NODE_DESCRIPT") = Me.TextBox1.Text
dv(0)("ADDRESS") = Me.TextBox2.Text
dv(0)("TARGET") = Me.TextBox3.Text
dv(0)("ICON") = Me.TextBox4.Text
If dv(0)("PARENTID").ToString <> Me.DropDownList1.SelectedItem.Value Then
‘移动节点
dv(0)("PARENT_NAME") = Me.DropDownList1.SelectedItem.Value
If Me.DropDownList1.SelectedItem.Value = "ROOT" Then
tmpNds = TreeView1.Nodes
Else
tmpNds = FromIdToNode(Me.DropDownList1.SelectedItem.Value, TreeView1.Nodes).Nodes’新的父节点的Nodes集合
End If
GetNdCol(e.OldNode).Remove(tmpNd)
tmpNds.Add(tmpNd)
End If
tmpNd.Text = Me.TextBox1.Text
tmpNd.ImageUrl = Me.TextBox4.Text
tmpNd = TreeView1.GetNodeFromIndex(TreeView1.SelectedNodeIndex)
dv.RowFilter= "NODEID=" & tmpNd.ID
Me.TextBox1.Text = dv(0)("NODENAME").ToString
Me.TextBox2.Text = dv(0)("ADDRESS").ToString
Me.TextBox3.Text = dv(0)("TARGET").ToString
Me.TextBox4.Text = dv(0)("ICON").ToString
End Sub
Private Function FromIdToNode(ByVal ID As String, ByVal Nds As TreeNodeCollection) As TreeNode
‘由关键字查找节点
Dim i As Integer
Dim tmpNd As TreeNode, tmpNd1 As TreeNode
For Each tmpNd In Nds
If tmpNd.ID = ID Then
Return tmpNd
Exit Function
End If
tmpNd1 = FromIdToNode(ID, tmpNd.Nodes)
If Not (tmpNd1 Is Nothing) Then
Return tmpNd1
Exit Function
End If
Next
Return Nothing
End Function
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下面是学习英语语法的基础知识哦,来学习下吧!
英语语法基础知识入门教程
音 标
学习提示:
在我们开始学习英语语音音标之前,有一点大家要记住:不要试图用汉语普通话的近似的音去代替英语的音标。例如,有人把英语字母“n’'念成“恩”,用汉语的“e”来代替英语的[e],把字母f、m、x分别念成“爱弗”、“爱木”、“爱克斯”。这是一种很坏的习惯,它使你永远也学不到纯正的英语发音。记住,英语的音标跟汉语的音标缺乏可比性。例如,英语的单元音有十二个之多,而汉语只有六个。即使是两者相似的音,它们在发音的口型、音的长短上都有差别。
音素分类:
英语的音标共有48个,其中元音音标20个,辅音音标28个。相信大家对它们都不陌生了,在正式开始音标学习之前,让我们再来熟悉一下这48个音标。
元音
1、单元音 前元音:[i] [i:] [e] [?]
中元音:[?:] [?] [?]
后元音:[a:] [?] [?:] [u] [u:]
2、双元音 合口双元音:[ei] [ai] [?i] [?u] [au]
集中双元音:[i?] [ε? ] [u?]
辅音
1、爆破音 [p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g]
2、摩擦音 [f] [v] [θ] [e] [s] [z] [?] [?] [h] [r]
3、破擦音 [ts] [dz] [tr] [dr] [t?] [d?]
4、鼻音 [m] [n] [?]
5、半元音 [j] [w]
6、舌侧音 [l]
音标记忆法:
不要为音标的分类名称操心,你并不需要记住这些名称;也不要为音标的数目太多而发愁,照下面的两个记忆方法去做,你一定能在十分钟内将所有的英语音标记住。
一、元音分组记忆法:将元音音标分成四个大组和四个单个,帮助记忆。
1、四大组
第一组 第二组 第三组 第四组
[i] [i:] [i?] [ei] [ai]
[?] [?:] [?u] [ε?]
[u] [u:] [u?] [au]
[?] [?:] [?i]
记忆窍门:
第一组为“基本型”;第二组为基本型的“延长型”;在基本型后加长音符号;第三组为基本型的“前置型”;第四组为基本型的“后置型”。
2.四单个:一座山[?],一朵花[?],一个[e],一个[a:]
二、辅音成对记忆法:将辅音分成十对和八个单个,帮助记忆。
1.十对
爆破组 摩擦组 破擦组
[p] [b] [f] [v] [ts] [dz]
[t] [d] [θ] [e] [tr] [dr]
[k] [g] [s] [z] [t?] [d?]
[?] [?]
记忆口诀: 十对的辅音清、浊成对,每对的发音部位相同。
2.八单个:[m] [n] [?] [j] [w] [r] [l] [h]
记忆口诀:三鼻音[m] [n] [n], 两半元[w] [j] , 一个[r],一个[l],还有一个[h]。
音节
一、定义:一个元音音素(双元音为一个音素)为一个音节。
1、[ai] [n?u] [st?nd] [ti:t?] 均为单音节。
2、['mi:t?] ['reiz?] 均为双音节。
3、['s?u??list] [repri'zent?tiv]均为多音节。
二、音节的划分:
1、每两个元音之间有一个辅音,该辅音归后。如:['mi:t?] ['reiz?]
2、每两个元音之间有两个辅音,则前后各一个。如:['men??nd] ['f?ktri]
3、每两个元音之间有三个及以上的辅音,依次读出其本身的发音即可。如:
['empti]
简记为:一归后,二分手。
试读:[steid] ['a:ft?] ['men??nd] ['f?ktri] ['s?u??list] [repri'zent?tiv]
三、开、闭、r音节:
1、开音节,又分绝对开音节和相对开音节。
绝对开音节:以发音的元音字母结尾的音节。如:no,we.she。
相对开音节:以元音字母+辅音字母(r除外)+不发音的e结尾的音节。如:these,those,page,life,use。
2、闭音节:以一个或几个辅音字母(r除外)结尾,而中间只有一个元音字母的音节。如:bad,desk,sit,long。
3、,元音字母+r,即 ar er ir or ur
4、元音字母在重读开音节、重读闭音节和r读音节中的读音。
元音字母在重读音节中的读音
字母 开音节 例词 闭音节 例词 r音节 例词
A [ei] name [?] bag [a:] car
E [i:] these [e] pen [?:] her
I [ai] bike [i] his [?:] girl
O [?u] no, note [?] not [?:] for
U [ju:] student [?] bus [?:] nurse
由上表可见:元音字母在重读的开音节中就读字母本身的音。(注意:一切规律都不能包罗万象,如,不符合此规律的词有come, love 等等)
句子成分与句子
第一章 句子成分
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。英语句子主要成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、状语、补足语和定语。
1、主语
主语是一个句子的主体,是句子所要说明的人或事情,表示句子描述的是“谁”“什么”。主语一般位于陈述句句首,但在there be结构中主语位于谓语后面。
能作主语的有名词类(含代词、数词);非谓语(含不定式、ing 分词)、从句。
1)名词类
Professor Smith is a famous scientist.史密斯教授是著名的科学家。
We often speak English in class.我们经常在课堂上说英语。
One-third of the students in this class are girls.这个班1/3的学生是女生。
2) 非谓语
To master a foreign language is necessary.掌握一门外语是必要的。
Smoking does harm to the health.吸烟有害健康。
3)从句
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided yet.
我们什么时候进行英语测验还没有决定。
Whether he’ll join us in the discussion is of great importance.
他是否参加我们的讨论是很重要的。
2、谓语
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。只有动词在句中才能作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
1)简单谓语
由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:
He practices running every morning.他每天早晨练习跑步。
Yesterday afternoon he reached China.昨天下午他到达桂林。
2)复合谓语
(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成
You may keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周。
You’d better not take the magazine out of the reading-room.
你最好不要把这本杂志拿出阅览室。
He has caught a bad cold.He has to go to see a doctor.
他患了重感冒,必须去看医生。
3、表语
表语用来说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。
能作表语的有名词类(含代词、数词);形容词;非谓语动词(含分词、不定式、动名词;介词短语、副词及从句。
1)名词
He is an astronaut.他是一位宇航员。
2)形容词
The weather has turned cold.天气变冷了。
3) 非谓语动词
My job is to teach English. 我的工作是教英语。
The speech is exciting.这演讲激动人心。
His hobby is playing football.他的爱好是踢足球。
The teacher was pleased with my spoken English.老师对我的英语口语很满意。
4)介词短语
The machine must be out of order.这机器一定出毛病了。
He is against our plan.他反对我们的计划。
5)副词
Time is up.The class is over.时间到了,下课。
My father isn’t in.He is out.我父亲不在家,他出去了。
6)从句
The truth is that he has never been abroad.实际情况是他从未出过国。
What I want to know is when we’ll have the sports meet.
我想知道的是我们什么时候开运动会。
4、宾语
宾语表示及物动作的对象或承受者,用于回答谓语“谁”和“什么”,一般位于及物动词后面。但英语介词后也要求用宾语。
可充当宾语的内容和主语一样。
1)名词类
They went to see an exhibition yesterday.他们昨天去看了展览。
We should learn from him.我们应该向他学习。
2)非谓语类(不定式、ing 分词)
He pretended not to see me.他假装没有看见我。
She didn’t know what to do next.她不知道下一步做什么。
I enjoy listening to popular music.我喜欢听流行音乐。
3)从句
I think(that)he is fit for his office.我认为他称职。
He asked me whose pronunciation was the best in the class.
他问我班上谁的发音最好。
5、补语
补语用于补充说明主语或宾语。补语通常由形容词、名词或其他相当的结构担任。补语可分为宾语补足语和主语补足语。
1)宾语补足语:
The government appointed her chief delegate to the conference.
政府任命她为出席那个会议的代表团团长。(名词)
He doesn’t believe the story true.
他不相信这故事是真的。 (形容词)
The doctor advised her to stay in bed for a week.
医生建议她卧床休息一周。 (不定式)
They saw her walking into the bookstore.
他们看见她进书店了。 (分词短语)
The children saw the kite up and up.
孩子们看到风筝越飞越高。 (副词)
You should put your books in order.
你应该把书摆整齐。 (介词短语)
2)主语补足语:含宾语补足语的句子改成被动语态时,原宾语和宾语补足语便分别成为主语和主语补足语。
We found him working in the office.(在此主动句子中working是宾补)
我们发现他正在办公室工作。
He was found working in the office.(在此被动句子中working是主补)
他被发现在办公室工作。
6、定语
用来修饰、说明、限定名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
可充当定语的有形容词;非谓语类(含不定式,ing 分词和ed 分词);名词类(含代词、数词、名词所有格);介词短语、副词和从句。
单个词作定语通常位于所修饰的词之前,但短语、从句作定语时通常位于所修饰的词之后。
1)形容词
Guilin is a beautiful city.桂林是一座美丽的城市。
A bright future shines before us.光明的未来展现在我们眼前。
2) 非谓语类
The building to be built next year will be our school.
明年要建的那幢楼将是我们的学校。
China is a developing country;America is a developed country.
中国是一个发展中国家,美国是一个发达国家。
3)名词类
There are thirty women teachers in our schoo1.我们学校有30名女教师。
More than thirty students in our class have read the book.
我们班三十多个学生读过这本书。
Mary’s parents have gone abroad.玛丽的父母出国了。
4) 介词短语
He is reading an article about how to learn English.
他正在读一篇有关如何学习英语的文章。
Who is the girl in red? 穿红衣服的那个姑娘是谁?
5)副词(多位于被修饰词之后)
A noise outside made him turn around.外面的喧闹声使他转过身来。
The man in the room below is friendly.楼下房间的那人很友好。
6)从句
There is nothing that worries him.没有什么事使他烦恼。
I will remember the day when I first met her.
我将记住第一次遇见她的那一天。
7、状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。
可充当状语的主要有副词、介词短语、非谓语类和从句。
1)副词
Light travels most quickly.光传播得最快。
Factories and buildings are seen here and there.
到处都能见到工厂和建筑物。
2)介词短语
He has lived in the city for ten years.他在那座城市住了10年了。
In spite of the difficulties,we went on with our work.
尽管有困难,但是我们仍继续工作。
3)非谓语类
The box is too heavy for me to lift.这个箱子太重,我抬不起。
He is in the room making a model plane.他在房间里做一架飞机模型。
Not knowing what to do,he decided to ask the teacher for advice.
他不知道怎么办好,就去问老师。
Encouraged by the teacher,I made up my mind to learn English well.
在老师的鼓励下,我决心把英语学好。
4)从句
Once you begin,you must continue.一旦开始,你就得继续下去。
I must work harder in order that I may catch up with the others.
为了赶上其他人,我必须更努力学习。
状语的种类
1)时间状语
How about meeting again at six? 6:00再见面怎样?
2)原因状语
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.
由于下雨,她昨晚没有去参加舞会。
3)条件状语
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.如果不下雨,我将到那里去。
As(So)long as you work hard,you can make rapid progress in English.
只要你努力,你就可以在英语方面取得很快的进步。
4)地点状语
Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.史密斯先生住在3楼。
Where there is water,there is life.有水的地方,就有生命。
5)方式状语
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.
她小心地把鸡蛋放在篮子里。
He has greatly improved his spoken English by this means.
他用这种方式极大地改善了他的英语口语。
6)伴随状语
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.她进来时手里拿着一本字典。
The teacher came in, followed by a group of students.
老师走了进来,后面跟着一群学生。
7)目的状语
In order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.
为了赶上其他人,我必须更努力学习。
I went there to see a friend of mine.我去那里看我的一个朋友。
8)结果状语
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.他累极了,立刻就睡着了。
We arrived there only to find an empty room.
我们到了那儿只发现了一个空房间。
9)让步状语
She works very hard though she is old.
虽然她年纪大了,但她仍然十分努力工作。
No matter when you come,you are warmly welcomed.
不管你什么时候来,都欢迎。
10)程度状语
They were greatly moved to hear the hero’s story.
听了英语的故事,他们深受感动。
I quite agree with you.我完全同意你的意见。
11)比较状语
I am taller than he is.我比他高。
The more I speak English,the better I’ll be.我越多讲英语,就讲得越好。
句子成分练习
指出下列句中画线部分的词性及在句中的作用
1. Tonight we have something special for dinner.
2. a. Thank you for years of your valuable service
b. She keeps her jewels, money and other valuables in the bank
3. He is a very fine musician.
4. a. The farmer enjoys the beauty of the long stretch of his land.
b. My wool sweater stretched when I washed.
5. a. I had a sharp pain in my back.
b. The meeting starts at 3 o’clock sharp.
6. a. Sound travels at 1,000 feet per second.
b. Your idea sounds a good one.
c. Old as Mary is,she still enjoys sound health
7. a. Father booked three seats on a plane.
b. Tom bought the tickets at the booking office outside the cinema.
8. a. On his way home he bought some apples at fruit stand.
b. The injured driver can hardly stand the pain any longer
c .This book stands high in my opinion.
9. To construct a reservoir is an important government project
10. a. Lovely Christmas presents are placed on the floor around a tree.
b. When George left office, the director presented him with a silver teapot.
c. We learn from the past, experience the present, and hope for success in the future.
第二章 句子
第一节 简单句
简单句的五种基本句型
英语句子的主要特征是:是句子就必须含有主、谓。英语简单句有以下五种基本句型。
1.主语+系动词+表语(简称,主系表)
系动词+表语构成名词性合成谓语;可作表语的有名词、名词所有格、代词主格或宾格、名词性物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、形容词、副词、数词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、动名词、动词不定式和从句等。
She is a student.(名词)她是个学生。
He seems a clever boy.他似乎是个聪明的男孩。
She looks like her mother.(介词短语)她样子象她母亲。
The film is moving.(现在分词)这影片令人感动。
This shirt is not yours,but hers.(名词性物主代词)
这件衬衫不是你的,是她的。
2.主语+不及物动词(简称,主谓)
The sun rises.太阳升起来了。
He has just come.他刚来。
3.主语+及物动词+宾语(简称,主谓宾)
We love our motherland.我们热爱祖国。
she reads newspapers after supper.她晚饭后读报。
I like swimming.我喜欢游泳。
Li Ping wants to be a doctor.李平想当医生。
4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(简称,主谓双宾)
直接宾语和间接宾语又叫双宾语。直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人。二者没有逻辑的主谓关系。要求跟双宾语的动词可分为两类:
(1)give,show,send,pass,hand,lend,post,serve,read,take,write,tell,teach.return,wish,allow,offer,promise,throw等。(sth. to sb.)
I lent her a novel.= I lent a novel to her. 我借给她一本小说。
Please show her your photos.= Please show your photos to her.
请把你的照片给她看看。
(2)buy,do, make,find,build, choose,cut,draw, earn,gather,paint,pick, prepare get,order,sing,spare等。(sth. for sb.)
Her mother bought her a red skirt.
= Her mother bought a red skirt for her.
她母亲给她买了一条红裙子。
Please do me a favor.= Please do a favor for me. 请帮个忙。
5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补(简称,主谓复合宾)
有些动词带一个宾语意思不完整,还需要一个宾语补足语进一步说明,意思才完整。宾语+宾语补足语构成复合宾语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑的主谓关系。双宾语之间则没有逻辑的主谓关系。
可作宾语补足语的词类有:名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词和介词短语。
常见的要求带宾补的动词有:make,elect,choose,call,name,leave,find, keep, think, set, let,see,show,ask,tell,invite,want,wish,advise,get,force,oblige,allow,permit,like,encourage,order,expect,prefer,hate,persuade等。
Her parents named her Mary.(名词)父母给她取名玛丽。
Do you find life hard here?(形容词)你感觉这儿的生活艰苦吗?
I’m so glad I found you in.(副词)我很高兴你在家。
I strongly advised him not to do so.(不定式)我竭力劝他不要这样做。
Suddenly I felt the atmosphere grow tense.
(不带to 的不定式)我突然感到气氛紧张起来。
I noticed him leaving the house.(-ing形式)我注意到他离开房子。
I was glad to see them so well treated.
(-ed形式)看到他们受到这样好的待遇,我很高兴。
另外,有些动词要求用it作形式宾语,名词或形容词作宾补,如:make,find,feel,think.
I feel it necessary to speak about my opinion.
(形容词)我觉得有必要谈谈我的意见。
思考题
1、什么叫双宾语?
2、什么叫复合宾语?
3、双宾语和复合宾语有什么区别?举例说明。
练习题:说出系列各句分别是哪种句型;如果含有宾补,请划出作宾补的词语。
1、The old man stopped to watch the children playing.
2、She is deeply moved.
3、What I want is this.
4、She is out.
5、Her job is looking after the children.
6、I hope that you can often write me letters.
7、Allow me a few minutes to read the magazine.
8、She offered an old man her seat.
9、She wrote a letter to me.(她写了封信给我。)
10、She wrote a letter for me.(她替我写了封信。)
11、How do you find the dish?
12、Please ask them upstairs.
13、Will you allow me to take this magazine home?
14、I’ve never seen you look so well before.
15、He kept you wait a long time.
16、They invited me to attend the party.
17、They made Smith the president of the University.
18、Doctors recognize Johnson as a leading authority.
19、His teacher advised him to take up the piano.
20、He gave me the facts in brief
第二节 并列句
并列句包括两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简单句。其结构为“简单句+连词+简单句”或中间由“;”连接。
1、表示延续、并列关系的连词有and(同,和),so(所以,因此),for, therefore(因为,所以),not only…but(also)(不仅……而且),neither…nor(既不……也不)等。如:
We help them and they help us.
我们帮助他们,他们帮助我们。
He has been working hard, so he has made much progress recently.
他一直努力工作,所以他近来取得了很大进步。
I think,therefore I exist.
我思故我在。
She not only writes her own plays, but she also acts in them.
她不仅自己编剧本,还饰演其中的角色。
He neither speaks English, nor understands it.
他既不会讲英语,也听不懂英语。
2、表示两者之间选择其一常用的有or(或者,否则),otherwise(否则),or else(否则),either…or(不是……就是)。如:
Either he is to blame or I am.
不是他该受责,就是我该受责。
You must go to work or/or else/otherwise you’ll lose your job.
你得去上班了,要不然就要失去这份工作了。
3、表示转折关系的并列连词有but(但是),yet(然而),still(仍然),however(然而),while(而,可是另一方面),whereas(而,反过来)等。
He is well over seventy, but he doesn’t look at all old.
他七十多岁,但看上去一点儿也不老。
She trained hard all year, yet she still failed to reach her best form.
她全年艰苦训练,然而仍未达到自己的最佳状态。
I drink black coffee while he prefers it with cream
我爱喝清咖啡而他喜欢加奶油的。
第三节 复合句
复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。从句包括名词性从句(主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句)、状语从句和定语从句。 如:
What he said is true. 他所说的是真的。(主语从句)
I didn’t hear what he had said. 我没听见他说的什么。(宾语从句)
The question is who will go there. 问题是谁愿意去那里。(表语从句)
I was about to leave,when the telephone rang.
我正准备离开,电话响了。(状语从句)
This is the book that I bought yesterday. 这是我昨天买的书。(定语从句)
名词性从句、状语从句和定语从句三大从句的具体用法下面我们要分别具体解释。
练习:判断下列句子是并列句还是复合句。
1. The wind blew hard; the snow fell heavily.
2. Use your head,and you’11 find the answer.
3. Do what you’ve been told,otherwise you will be punished.
4. Would you like a cup of coffee or shall we get down to business right away?
5. He is strong,while his brother is weak.
6. He got up early,(and)yet he failed to catch the early bus.
7. He knew what he wanted,however,he didn’t know how to get it.
8. Why he didn’t come wasn’t quite clear.
9. When we’ll have the sports meet hasn’t been decided yet.
10. She is weak, while his son is strong.
11. Though he is old,(yet)he works very hard.
12. I really believe(that)Tom was telling the truth.
13. I am sure that we can get there on time.
14. Do you know the man who is talking to Mr. Jack?
15. Where there is a will, there is a way.
16. Spring comes and trees turn green.
17. He doesn’t smoke,neither/nor does his brother.
18. I spoke so slowly that I could make myself understood.
第四节 名词性从句
一、 定义
首先,请同学们说出下列句各中划线词的词性及语法作用。
Mary is a teacher.
I like English.
结论:它们都是名词,在句中分别做主语、表语和宾语。即在英语中名词的主要作用是做主语、表语和宾语。
然后,我们一起分析下列各句中划线部分的语法作用。
That Mary is a teacher is known to us all.
I know that Mary is a teacher.
The fact is that Mary is a teacher.
结论:它们分别做主语、宾语和表语。均起到了一个名词的作用。再者,划线部分本身就是一个句子,故在复合句中起名词作用的从句统称名词性从句。
二、分类
请重读上述例句并依据它们在全句中的作用,说出它们具体的从句名称。
That Mary is a teacher is known to us all.
I know that Mary is a teacher.
The fact is that Mary is a teacher.
结论:在复合句中起主语作用的从句称为主语从句;
起____作用的从句称为宾语从句;
起表语作用的从句称为____从句;
名词性从句分三类:主语从句;宾语从句和表语从句。
三、连词
引导名词性从句的引导词有三类:
1. that
2. whether/if(主要用于引导主语从句和宾语从句);as if(主要用于引导表语从句)
3. who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how.
主语从句
that引导的主语从句
That he will come tomorrow is certain.
That she became monitor made us happy.
英文中有一种习惯,把that 引导的主语从句用it来代替它,即it做形式主语,把做真正主语的主语从句放在主句之后。如:
That he will come tomorrow is certain.
=It is certain that he will come tomorrow. 再例:
It is necessary that we learn English well.
It is a pity that we can’t go shopping.
It is said that he has been to England.
whether引导的主语从句
Whether she will be our teacher is not clear.
=It is not clear whether she will be our teacher.
Whether he will succeed or not doesn’t interest me.
=It doesn’t interest me whether he will succeed or not.
wh-词和how 引导的主语从句
(who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why均以wh开头,故统称wh-词)
Who will be our English teacher has not been decided.
What you have said sounds reasonable.
注意:1. that在主语从句中不起任何语法作用,但不能省略。
2. if 不能引导主语从句。
宾语从句
它可以作动词谓语的宾语,也可作非谓语动词、某些介词和某些形容词的宾语。
that引导的宾语从句
I really believe(that)Tom was telling the truth.
I am sure that we can get there on time.
由that引起的宾语从句在意思上相当于陈述句,此时that常可省去,但在以下几种情况下,that不可省。
1)that从句被短语,词组等与谓语动词分隔开时,that不可省。
They told us once again that this should never happen.
(此句中that引导的宾语从句被词组once again与主句隔开,因此that不可省。)
Everyone could see,I believe, that Mike was terrified.
(句中I believe为插入语,故that不可省)
2)当连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,第二个从句及以后的连接词that不可省。
She said(that)her mother had gone abroad and that she would come back in a week.
whether,if 引导的宾语从句
I don,t know if/whether he has ever been to New York.
I wonder whether he can speak German or not.
以上例句中的whether和if(是否)都是引导宾语从句的,一般情况下whether,和if可互换。但在下列情况下whether和if不可换用。
1)whether之后可紧跟or not或构成whether.. .or not结构,if后一般不能紧跟or not,但可构成if...or not结构.
I wonder whether/if Mr.Smith has arrived or not.
I wonder whether or not Mr.Smith has arrived.(不可用if代替)
2)当宾语从句是否定句时,只可用if而不可用whether。
I don’t care if she doesn’t smile.
3)当该宾语从句为介词宾语时,只可用whether而不可用if.
I’m not interested in whether you are against the proposal or not.
4)当宾语从句中出现了并列连词or构成的并列结构时,只可用whether而不可用if.
He asked me whether I was a student or a teacher.
wh-词和how 引导的宾语从句
I can’t imagine why he did that thing.
Please tell me where you went yesterday.
注意:1. 整个复合句是疑问句时,其中的宾语从句应用陈述句的语序。
2. 当主句的谓语动词是过去时态时,宾语从句的谓语应用过去相应的时态。(表示真理的和客观事实的除外)
表语从句
that引导的表语从句
The reason was that he fell ill.
My idea is that we should spend our holiday in Qingdao.
as if 引导的表语从句
The question is whether it is worth doing.
It looks as if it is going to rain.
wh-词和how 引导的表语从句
Is this where he was born?
The important thing is what on earth has happened to him.
The question is who will go there.
思考题
1.主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句为什么统称为名词性从句?
2.that 引导主语从句和宾语从句有什么异同?
3.whether 和if 在引导名词性从句时的区别是什么?
4.在宾语从句中,哪几种情况that不能省略?在语序和时态方面应注意什么?
练习:
一、找出下列各复合句中的从句并说明是什么从句,且口译全句。
1. It is a wonder that he should know so much about this matter.
2. I’m sure that you are the tallest man in the world.
3. We are afraid that the trip will be too much for an old man.
4. It doesn’t make much difference whether they come or not.
5. Whether or not he is your friend doesn’t too much.
6. Where she has gone is not known yet.
7. You may take whatever you like.
8. He told me where he had been.
9. I know when we will take off for London.
10. How he became a three-good student is known to us a11.
11. Why he didn’t come wasn’t quite clear.
12. It happened that they went out when I called.
13. When we’11 have the sports meet hasn’t been decided yet.
14. Whom the teacher will praise in class is an important question.
15. I’m sorry that I didn’t recognize you just now.
16. We are glad that none of you failed in this exam.
17. He said that he would call on his old teacher.
18. I heard that some of the old teachers in our school had retired.
19. I want to know what has happened to her.
20. Whose answer is correct will be discussed at the meeting.
21. Which composition is the best will be decided tomorrow.
22. I was surprised at what you said.
23. Did he say anything about how the work was to be done?
24. The question is whether it worth doing.
25. The reason is that he fell ill.
二、单项选择
1.Can you tell me_____?
A. who is that gentleman B.that gentleman is who
C. who that gentleman is D.whom is that gentleman
2.Can you tell me _____ the railway station?
A, how I can get to B. how can I get to
C. where I can get to D.where can I get to
3.Ask her _____ come with me.
A. if she will B.if will she
C.whether will she D.will she
4. I have no idea _____ far the airport is from here.
A.what B. how C.it’s D.that
5.They have no idea at all ______ .
A. where he has gone B.where did he go
C. which place has he gone D.where has he gone
6._____ he said is true.
A. What B.That C.Which D.Whether
7._____ you have done might do harm to other people.
A.That B. What C.Which D.This
8.They want to know _____ do to help us.
A. what can they B. what they can
C. how they can D.how can they
9. These photographs will show you ______.
A.what does our village look like B. what our village looks like
C.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like
10. _____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone B.The person C. Whoever D.Who
11. _____ we need more practice is quite clear.
A.When B.What C. That D./
l2. _____ I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business
A.If B. Whether C. Even if D.No matter when
13._____ he is doing seems quite difficult.
A.How B.That C.Which D. What
14. ______ that there is another good harvest this year.
A.It says B. It is said C.I was said D.He was said
15. It is suggested that a new building_____.
A. be built at once B. should build next year
C.would be built at once D. could be built next year
16.It is suggested that the experiment _____ under low temperature.
A.makes B.is making C. should be made D.will be made
17._____ was quite helpful.
A. What they advised me to do B.That they advised me to do
C. What did they advise me to do D.All what they advised me to do
18._____ still needs to be discussed.
A. How is the plan to be carried out B. How the plan is to be carried out
C. Why is the plan carried out D. Why the plan is carried out
19.The question is _____ we’11 overcome all the difficulties.
A.what B. how C.that D.which
20.Shanghai is no longer the same city _____ .
A. as it used to be B.what it used to be
C. as it is used to being D.that it used to be
21.Is it possible _____ he misunderstood _____ I said?
A.that, that B. what, what
C.what, that D. that, what
22.He thought _____ he might fail in the exam worried him.
A.which B. that C.when D.so that
23.The fact is ____ he is an advanced worker.
A.what B.which C. that D.why
24.I have no idea _____.
A. what does the word“infinity”mean
B. what the word“infinity”means
C. what the meaning of word the“infinity”
D. what the word“infinity”mean
25.I wonder _____ he asked such a silly question in public.
A.how B.what C.that D. why
26.Are you sure _____?
A. whether she is honest B.that she is honesty
C. she is honest D.is she honest
27.He _____ you are not going abroad.
A.surprised that B. is surprised that
C.surprised at D. is surprised whether
28. What I said was wrong in the last letter for you.I wish I ______ it back.
A. could take B. would take C.will take D.take
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中考英语语法知识归纳总结人教版最新
备考中考英语时,需要对重点语法和一些常考的知识点进行全面的复习。那么中考英语知识点怎么学习呢?以下是小编准备的一些中考英语语法知识归纳总结人教版,仅供参考。
一、听力
听力题主要考查整体理解和获取对话核心信息的能力。应试技巧:1.克服紧张心理,放松自己。心态平稳,才能有效发挥。2.试卷下发后,浏览问题题干,快速预测,以便带着问题有目的地去听。3.集中注意力听录音,果断答题。4.要学会放弃。如果有部分信息确实没听清楚,不要纠缠,马上放弃,以免影响后面答题。5.平时听力训练时要养成简写速记的习惯。
二、完形填空
完形填空题考查词汇知识、阅读能力、逻辑推理判断能力。应试技巧:1.快速通读短文,把握大意。特别注重首尾句的理解,抓住各段的主题句,理顺思路,为后面答题做好铺垫。2.在通读全文、理解大意的基础上,根据固定搭配、习惯用法、上下文暗示先选出一部分答案。然后细读全文,联系上下文内容、短语意思、语法法则、固定搭配等,对选项进行逐一比较和筛选,排除错误选项,最终确定正确答案。3.个别无法确定答案的,先跳过,往往能从下文暗示中找到答案。4.通读全文,验证答案。完成答案后,把所选的答案代入原文,通读全文,对所选答案进行核实调整。重要提示:切忌不通读全文,看一空填一空。
三、阅读理解
阅读理解主要考查学生阅读理解、获取信息和处理信息的能力。应试技巧:1.先看问题,再阅读。带着问题快速阅读全文,把握文章大意,明确作者观点和态度,寻求所需要的信息。2.注重主题句,各段的首尾句。3.概括大意,揣摩文章中心,掌握主旨和作者意图,不要过分推敲语言点。4.遇到生词要根据上下文或语境猜词义,不必停顿时间过长。
四、书面表达
书面表达考查学生综合语言运用能力。应试技巧:写作前:1.审题。审题要仔细,理清写作的体裁和格式,明确信息要点及词数限定等。抓住主旨要义,形成书面表达的思路及框架。2.整编。整合信息要点,分清段落层次,编写出提纲。写作中:1.根据体裁和信息要点明确作文所需要的重点句型和短语,尽量使用自己熟知的句型和短语。遇到不会词句,换用另一种意义相近的句式表达。2.遣词造句,用词地道。3.行文连贯。句与句之间,段与段之间连接自然连贯。写作后:1.检查与修改。重点检查:要点是否全面;内容是否完整;格式是否正确;句型、短语是否准确;语法有否错误;拼写有否错误;字数是否符合要求。2.考生在答卷时,写草稿,或写简略提纲,书写清楚规范,做到零涂改,确保卷面整洁。
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高考英语语法必考知识点归纳(完整版)
英语高考本身就不仅仅是背背单词那么简单的,高考英语涉及到很多语法知识,是一次非常全面正式的考试。以下是小编准备的一些高考英语语法必考知识点归纳,仅供参考。
听力应试技巧与策略
听前:略读题目,切入话题,划出重点,预测内容(确定人物身份)
听中:捕捉信息,速记要点,有的放矢,去伪存真(短文独白,首末为主旨句,注意5W,1H)
听后:连贯记忆,前后联系,综合考虑,一锤定音。
阅读理解
1.归纳标题题
特点:短小精悍,一般多为一个短语;涵盖性强,一般能覆盖全文意思;精确性强,表达范围要恰当,不能随意改变语意程度或色彩。常见命题形式有:
What’s the best title for the text?
The best title for this passage is ____.
Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
2. 概括大意题
包括寻找段落大意(topic)和文章中心思想(main idea),常见命题形式有:
What is the general/main idea of the passage?
Which of the following expresses the main idea?
What is the subject discussed in the text?
细节理解题
考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等议论文中例证细节和定义类细节。这类题目的共同特点是:答案一般都能在文章中找到。当然,答案并不一定是文章中的原句,考生需要根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。
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