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英语语法基础知识入门教程
音 标
学习提示:
在我们开始学习英语语音音标之前,有一点大家要记住:不要试图用汉语普通话的近似的音去代替英语的音标。例如,有人把英语字母“n’'念成“恩”,用汉语的“e”来代替英语的[e],把字母f、m、x分别念成“爱弗”、“爱木”、“爱克斯”。这是一种很坏的习惯,它使你永远也学不到纯正的英语发音。记住,英语的音标跟汉语的音标缺乏可比性。例如,英语的单元音有十二个之多,而汉语只有六个。即使是两者相似的音,它们在发音的口型、音的长短上都有差别。
音素分类:
英语的音标共有48个,其中元音音标20个,辅音音标28个。相信大家对它们都不陌生了,在正式开始音标学习之前,让我们再来熟悉一下这48个音标。
元音
1、单元音 前元音:[i] [i:] [e] [?]
中元音:[?:] [?] [?]
后元音:[a:] [?] [?:] [u] [u:]
2、双元音 合口双元音:[ei] [ai] [?i] [?u] [au]
集中双元音:[i?] [ε? ] [u?]
辅音
1、爆破音 [p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g]
2、摩擦音 [f] [v] [θ] [e] [s] [z] [?] [?] [h] [r]
3、破擦音 [ts] [dz] [tr] [dr] [t?] [d?]
4、鼻音 [m] [n] [?]
5、半元音 [j] [w]
6、舌侧音 [l]
音标记忆法:
不要为音标的分类名称操心,你并不需要记住这些名称;也不要为音标的数目太多而发愁,照下面的两个记忆方法去做,你一定能在十分钟内将所有的英语音标记住。
一、元音分组记忆法:将元音音标分成四个大组和四个单个,帮助记忆。
1、四大组
第一组 第二组 第三组 第四组
[i] [i:] [i?] [ei] [ai]
[?] [?:] [?u] [ε?]
[u] [u:] [u?] [au]
[?] [?:] [?i]
记忆窍门:
第一组为“基本型”;第二组为基本型的“延长型”;在基本型后加长音符号;第三组为基本型的“前置型”;第四组为基本型的“后置型”。
2.四单个:一座山[?],一朵花[?],一个[e],一个[a:]
二、辅音成对记忆法:将辅音分成十对和八个单个,帮助记忆。
1.十对
爆破组 摩擦组 破擦组
[p] [b] [f] [v] [ts] [dz]
[t] [d] [θ] [e] [tr] [dr]
[k] [g] [s] [z] [t?] [d?]
[?] [?]
记忆口诀: 十对的辅音清、浊成对,每对的发音部位相同。
2.八单个:[m] [n] [?] [j] [w] [r] [l] [h]
记忆口诀:三鼻音[m] [n] [n], 两半元[w] [j] , 一个[r],一个[l],还有一个[h]。
音节
一、定义:一个元音音素(双元音为一个音素)为一个音节。
1、[ai] [n?u] [st?nd] [ti:t?] 均为单音节。
2、['mi:t?] ['reiz?] 均为双音节。
3、['s?u??list] [repri'zent?tiv]均为多音节。
二、音节的划分:
1、每两个元音之间有一个辅音,该辅音归后。如:['mi:t?] ['reiz?]
2、每两个元音之间有两个辅音,则前后各一个。如:['men??nd] ['f?ktri]
3、每两个元音之间有三个及以上的辅音,依次读出其本身的发音即可。如:
['empti]
简记为:一归后,二分手。
试读:[steid] ['a:ft?] ['men??nd] ['f?ktri] ['s?u??list] [repri'zent?tiv]
三、开、闭、r音节:
1、开音节,又分绝对开音节和相对开音节。
绝对开音节:以发音的元音字母结尾的音节。如:no,we.she。
相对开音节:以元音字母+辅音字母(r除外)+不发音的e结尾的音节。如:these,those,page,life,use。
2、闭音节:以一个或几个辅音字母(r除外)结尾,而中间只有一个元音字母的音节。如:bad,desk,sit,long。
3、,元音字母+r,即 ar er ir or ur
4、元音字母在重读开音节、重读闭音节和r读音节中的读音。
元音字母在重读音节中的读音
字母 开音节 例词 闭音节 例词 r音节 例词
A [ei] name [?] bag [a:] car
E [i:] these [e] pen [?:] her
I [ai] bike [i] his [?:] girl
O [?u] no, note [?] not [?:] for
U [ju:] student [?] bus [?:] nurse
由上表可见:元音字母在重读的开音节中就读字母本身的音。(注意:一切规律都不能包罗万象,如,不符合此规律的词有come, love 等等)
句子成分与句子
第一章 句子成分
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。英语句子主要成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、状语、补足语和定语。
1、主语
主语是一个句子的主体,是句子所要说明的人或事情,表示句子描述的是“谁”“什么”。主语一般位于陈述句句首,但在there be结构中主语位于谓语后面。
能作主语的有名词类(含代词、数词);非谓语(含不定式、ing 分词)、从句。
1)名词类
Professor Smith is a famous scientist.史密斯教授是著名的科学家。
We often speak English in class.我们经常在课堂上说英语。
One-third of the students in this class are girls.这个班1/3的学生是女生。
2) 非谓语
To master a foreign language is necessary.掌握一门外语是必要的。
Smoking does harm to the health.吸烟有害健康。
3)从句
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided yet.
我们什么时候进行英语测验还没有决定。
Whether he’ll join us in the discussion is of great importance.
他是否参加我们的讨论是很重要的。
2、谓语
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。只有动词在句中才能作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
1)简单谓语
由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:
He practices running every morning.他每天早晨练习跑步。
Yesterday afternoon he reached China.昨天下午他到达桂林。
2)复合谓语
(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成
You may keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周。
You’d better not take the magazine out of the reading-room.
你最好不要把这本杂志拿出阅览室。
He has caught a bad cold.He has to go to see a doctor.
他患了重感冒,必须去看医生。
3、表语
表语用来说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。
能作表语的有名词类(含代词、数词);形容词;非谓语动词(含分词、不定式、动名词;介词短语、副词及从句。
1)名词
He is an astronaut.他是一位宇航员。
2)形容词
The weather has turned cold.天气变冷了。
3) 非谓语动词
My job is to teach English. 我的工作是教英语。
The speech is exciting.这演讲激动人心。
His hobby is playing football.他的爱好是踢足球。
The teacher was pleased with my spoken English.老师对我的英语口语很满意。
4)介词短语
The machine must be out of order.这机器一定出毛病了。
He is against our plan.他反对我们的计划。
5)副词
Time is up.The class is over.时间到了,下课。
My father isn’t in.He is out.我父亲不在家,他出去了。
6)从句
The truth is that he has never been abroad.实际情况是他从未出过国。
What I want to know is when we’ll have the sports meet.
我想知道的是我们什么时候开运动会。
4、宾语
宾语表示及物动作的对象或承受者,用于回答谓语“谁”和“什么”,一般位于及物动词后面。但英语介词后也要求用宾语。
可充当宾语的内容和主语一样。
1)名词类
They went to see an exhibition yesterday.他们昨天去看了展览。
We should learn from him.我们应该向他学习。
2)非谓语类(不定式、ing 分词)
He pretended not to see me.他假装没有看见我。
She didn’t know what to do next.她不知道下一步做什么。
I enjoy listening to popular music.我喜欢听流行音乐。
3)从句
I think(that)he is fit for his office.我认为他称职。
He asked me whose pronunciation was the best in the class.
他问我班上谁的发音最好。
5、补语
补语用于补充说明主语或宾语。补语通常由形容词、名词或其他相当的结构担任。补语可分为宾语补足语和主语补足语。
1)宾语补足语:
The government appointed her chief delegate to the conference.
政府任命她为出席那个会议的代表团团长。(名词)
He doesn’t believe the story true.
他不相信这故事是真的。 (形容词)
The doctor advised her to stay in bed for a week.
医生建议她卧床休息一周。 (不定式)
They saw her walking into the bookstore.
他们看见她进书店了。 (分词短语)
The children saw the kite up and up.
孩子们看到风筝越飞越高。 (副词)
You should put your books in order.
你应该把书摆整齐。 (介词短语)
2)主语补足语:含宾语补足语的句子改成被动语态时,原宾语和宾语补足语便分别成为主语和主语补足语。
We found him working in the office.(在此主动句子中working是宾补)
我们发现他正在办公室工作。
He was found working in the office.(在此被动句子中working是主补)
他被发现在办公室工作。
6、定语
用来修饰、说明、限定名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
可充当定语的有形容词;非谓语类(含不定式,ing 分词和ed 分词);名词类(含代词、数词、名词所有格);介词短语、副词和从句。
单个词作定语通常位于所修饰的词之前,但短语、从句作定语时通常位于所修饰的词之后。
1)形容词
Guilin is a beautiful city.桂林是一座美丽的城市。
A bright future shines before us.光明的未来展现在我们眼前。
2) 非谓语类
The building to be built next year will be our school.
明年要建的那幢楼将是我们的学校。
China is a developing country;America is a developed country.
中国是一个发展中国家,美国是一个发达国家。
3)名词类
There are thirty women teachers in our schoo1.我们学校有30名女教师。
More than thirty students in our class have read the book.
我们班三十多个学生读过这本书。
Mary’s parents have gone abroad.玛丽的父母出国了。
4) 介词短语
He is reading an article about how to learn English.
他正在读一篇有关如何学习英语的文章。
Who is the girl in red? 穿红衣服的那个姑娘是谁?
5)副词(多位于被修饰词之后)
A noise outside made him turn around.外面的喧闹声使他转过身来。
The man in the room below is friendly.楼下房间的那人很友好。
6)从句
There is nothing that worries him.没有什么事使他烦恼。
I will remember the day when I first met her.
我将记住第一次遇见她的那一天。
7、状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。
可充当状语的主要有副词、介词短语、非谓语类和从句。
1)副词
Light travels most quickly.光传播得最快。
Factories and buildings are seen here and there.
到处都能见到工厂和建筑物。
2)介词短语
He has lived in the city for ten years.他在那座城市住了10年了。
In spite of the difficulties,we went on with our work.
尽管有困难,但是我们仍继续工作。
3)非谓语类
The box is too heavy for me to lift.这个箱子太重,我抬不起。
He is in the room making a model plane.他在房间里做一架飞机模型。
Not knowing what to do,he decided to ask the teacher for advice.
他不知道怎么办好,就去问老师。
Encouraged by the teacher,I made up my mind to learn English well.
在老师的鼓励下,我决心把英语学好。
4)从句
Once you begin,you must continue.一旦开始,你就得继续下去。
I must work harder in order that I may catch up with the others.
为了赶上其他人,我必须更努力学习。
状语的种类
1)时间状语
How about meeting again at six? 6:00再见面怎样?
2)原因状语
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.
由于下雨,她昨晚没有去参加舞会。
3)条件状语
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.如果不下雨,我将到那里去。
As(So)long as you work hard,you can make rapid progress in English.
只要你努力,你就可以在英语方面取得很快的进步。
4)地点状语
Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.史密斯先生住在3楼。
Where there is water,there is life.有水的地方,就有生命。
5)方式状语
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.
她小心地把鸡蛋放在篮子里。
He has greatly improved his spoken English by this means.
他用这种方式极大地改善了他的英语口语。
6)伴随状语
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.她进来时手里拿着一本字典。
The teacher came in, followed by a group of students.
老师走了进来,后面跟着一群学生。
7)目的状语
In order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.
为了赶上其他人,我必须更努力学习。
I went there to see a friend of mine.我去那里看我的一个朋友。
8)结果状语
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.他累极了,立刻就睡着了。
We arrived there only to find an empty room.
我们到了那儿只发现了一个空房间。
9)让步状语
She works very hard though she is old.
虽然她年纪大了,但她仍然十分努力工作。
No matter when you come,you are warmly welcomed.
不管你什么时候来,都欢迎。
10)程度状语
They were greatly moved to hear the hero’s story.
听了英语的故事,他们深受感动。
I quite agree with you.我完全同意你的意见。
11)比较状语
I am taller than he is.我比他高。
The more I speak English,the better I’ll be.我越多讲英语,就讲得越好。
句子成分练习
指出下列句中画线部分的词性及在句中的作用
1. Tonight we have something special for dinner.
2. a. Thank you for years of your valuable service
b. She keeps her jewels, money and other valuables in the bank
3. He is a very fine musician.
4. a. The farmer enjoys the beauty of the long stretch of his land.
b. My wool sweater stretched when I washed.
5. a. I had a sharp pain in my back.
b. The meeting starts at 3 o’clock sharp.
6. a. Sound travels at 1,000 feet per second.
b. Your idea sounds a good one.
c. Old as Mary is,she still enjoys sound health
7. a. Father booked three seats on a plane.
b. Tom bought the tickets at the booking office outside the cinema.
8. a. On his way home he bought some apples at fruit stand.
b. The injured driver can hardly stand the pain any longer
c .This book stands high in my opinion.
9. To construct a reservoir is an important government project
10. a. Lovely Christmas presents are placed on the floor around a tree.
b. When George left office, the director presented him with a silver teapot.
c. We learn from the past, experience the present, and hope for success in the future.
第二章 句子
第一节 简单句
简单句的五种基本句型
英语句子的主要特征是:是句子就必须含有主、谓。英语简单句有以下五种基本句型。
1.主语+系动词+表语(简称,主系表)
系动词+表语构成名词性合成谓语;可作表语的有名词、名词所有格、代词主格或宾格、名词性物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、形容词、副词、数词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、动名词、动词不定式和从句等。
She is a student.(名词)她是个学生。
He seems a clever boy.他似乎是个聪明的男孩。
She looks like her mother.(介词短语)她样子象她母亲。
The film is moving.(现在分词)这影片令人感动。
This shirt is not yours,but hers.(名词性物主代词)
这件衬衫不是你的,是她的。
2.主语+不及物动词(简称,主谓)
The sun rises.太阳升起来了。
He has just come.他刚来。
3.主语+及物动词+宾语(简称,主谓宾)
We love our motherland.我们热爱祖国。
she reads newspapers after supper.她晚饭后读报。
I like swimming.我喜欢游泳。
Li Ping wants to be a doctor.李平想当医生。
4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(简称,主谓双宾)
直接宾语和间接宾语又叫双宾语。直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人。二者没有逻辑的主谓关系。要求跟双宾语的动词可分为两类:
(1)give,show,send,pass,hand,lend,post,serve,read,take,write,tell,teach.return,wish,allow,offer,promise,throw等。(sth. to sb.)
I lent her a novel.= I lent a novel to her. 我借给她一本小说。
Please show her your photos.= Please show your photos to her.
请把你的照片给她看看。
(2)buy,do, make,find,build, choose,cut,draw, earn,gather,paint,pick, prepare get,order,sing,spare等。(sth. for sb.)
Her mother bought her a red skirt.
= Her mother bought a red skirt for her.
她母亲给她买了一条红裙子。
Please do me a favor.= Please do a favor for me. 请帮个忙。
5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补(简称,主谓复合宾)
有些动词带一个宾语意思不完整,还需要一个宾语补足语进一步说明,意思才完整。宾语+宾语补足语构成复合宾语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑的主谓关系。双宾语之间则没有逻辑的主谓关系。
可作宾语补足语的词类有:名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词和介词短语。
常见的要求带宾补的动词有:make,elect,choose,call,name,leave,find, keep, think, set, let,see,show,ask,tell,invite,want,wish,advise,get,force,oblige,allow,permit,like,encourage,order,expect,prefer,hate,persuade等。
Her parents named her Mary.(名词)父母给她取名玛丽。
Do you find life hard here?(形容词)你感觉这儿的生活艰苦吗?
I’m so glad I found you in.(副词)我很高兴你在家。
I strongly advised him not to do so.(不定式)我竭力劝他不要这样做。
Suddenly I felt the atmosphere grow tense.
(不带to 的不定式)我突然感到气氛紧张起来。
I noticed him leaving the house.(-ing形式)我注意到他离开房子。
I was glad to see them so well treated.
(-ed形式)看到他们受到这样好的待遇,我很高兴。
另外,有些动词要求用it作形式宾语,名词或形容词作宾补,如:make,find,feel,think.
I feel it necessary to speak about my opinion.
(形容词)我觉得有必要谈谈我的意见。
思考题
1、什么叫双宾语?
2、什么叫复合宾语?
3、双宾语和复合宾语有什么区别?举例说明。
练习题:说出系列各句分别是哪种句型;如果含有宾补,请划出作宾补的词语。
1、The old man stopped to watch the children playing.
2、She is deeply moved.
3、What I want is this.
4、She is out.
5、Her job is looking after the children.
6、I hope that you can often write me letters.
7、Allow me a few minutes to read the magazine.
8、She offered an old man her seat.
9、She wrote a letter to me.(她写了封信给我。)
10、She wrote a letter for me.(她替我写了封信。)
11、How do you find the dish?
12、Please ask them upstairs.
13、Will you allow me to take this magazine home?
14、I’ve never seen you look so well before.
15、He kept you wait a long time.
16、They invited me to attend the party.
17、They made Smith the president of the University.
18、Doctors recognize Johnson as a leading authority.
19、His teacher advised him to take up the piano.
20、He gave me the facts in brief
第二节 并列句
并列句包括两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简单句。其结构为“简单句+连词+简单句”或中间由“;”连接。
1、表示延续、并列关系的连词有and(同,和),so(所以,因此),for, therefore(因为,所以),not only…but(also)(不仅……而且),neither…nor(既不……也不)等。如:
We help them and they help us.
我们帮助他们,他们帮助我们。
He has been working hard, so he has made much progress recently.
他一直努力工作,所以他近来取得了很大进步。
I think,therefore I exist.
我思故我在。
She not only writes her own plays, but she also acts in them.
她不仅自己编剧本,还饰演其中的角色。
He neither speaks English, nor understands it.
他既不会讲英语,也听不懂英语。
2、表示两者之间选择其一常用的有or(或者,否则),otherwise(否则),or else(否则),either…or(不是……就是)。如:
Either he is to blame or I am.
不是他该受责,就是我该受责。
You must go to work or/or else/otherwise you’ll lose your job.
你得去上班了,要不然就要失去这份工作了。
3、表示转折关系的并列连词有but(但是),yet(然而),still(仍然),however(然而),while(而,可是另一方面),whereas(而,反过来)等。
He is well over seventy, but he doesn’t look at all old.
他七十多岁,但看上去一点儿也不老。
She trained hard all year, yet she still failed to reach her best form.
她全年艰苦训练,然而仍未达到自己的最佳状态。
I drink black coffee while he prefers it with cream
我爱喝清咖啡而他喜欢加奶油的。
第三节 复合句
复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。从句包括名词性从句(主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句)、状语从句和定语从句。 如:
What he said is true. 他所说的是真的。(主语从句)
I didn’t hear what he had said. 我没听见他说的什么。(宾语从句)
The question is who will go there. 问题是谁愿意去那里。(表语从句)
I was about to leave,when the telephone rang.
我正准备离开,电话响了。(状语从句)
This is the book that I bought yesterday. 这是我昨天买的书。(定语从句)
名词性从句、状语从句和定语从句三大从句的具体用法下面我们要分别具体解释。
练习:判断下列句子是并列句还是复合句。
1. The wind blew hard; the snow fell heavily.
2. Use your head,and you’11 find the answer.
3. Do what you’ve been told,otherwise you will be punished.
4. Would you like a cup of coffee or shall we get down to business right away?
5. He is strong,while his brother is weak.
6. He got up early,(and)yet he failed to catch the early bus.
7. He knew what he wanted,however,he didn’t know how to get it.
8. Why he didn’t come wasn’t quite clear.
9. When we’ll have the sports meet hasn’t been decided yet.
10. She is weak, while his son is strong.
11. Though he is old,(yet)he works very hard.
12. I really believe(that)Tom was telling the truth.
13. I am sure that we can get there on time.
14. Do you know the man who is talking to Mr. Jack?
15. Where there is a will, there is a way.
16. Spring comes and trees turn green.
17. He doesn’t smoke,neither/nor does his brother.
18. I spoke so slowly that I could make myself understood.
第四节 名词性从句
一、 定义
首先,请同学们说出下列句各中划线词的词性及语法作用。
Mary is a teacher.
I like English.
结论:它们都是名词,在句中分别做主语、表语和宾语。即在英语中名词的主要作用是做主语、表语和宾语。
然后,我们一起分析下列各句中划线部分的语法作用。
That Mary is a teacher is known to us all.
I know that Mary is a teacher.
The fact is that Mary is a teacher.
结论:它们分别做主语、宾语和表语。均起到了一个名词的作用。再者,划线部分本身就是一个句子,故在复合句中起名词作用的从句统称名词性从句。
二、分类
请重读上述例句并依据它们在全句中的作用,说出它们具体的从句名称。
That Mary is a teacher is known to us all.
I know that Mary is a teacher.
The fact is that Mary is a teacher.
结论:在复合句中起主语作用的从句称为主语从句;
起____作用的从句称为宾语从句;
起表语作用的从句称为____从句;
名词性从句分三类:主语从句;宾语从句和表语从句。
三、连词
引导名词性从句的引导词有三类:
1. that
2. whether/if(主要用于引导主语从句和宾语从句);as if(主要用于引导表语从句)
3. who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how.
主语从句
that引导的主语从句
That he will come tomorrow is certain.
That she became monitor made us happy.
英文中有一种习惯,把that 引导的主语从句用it来代替它,即it做形式主语,把做真正主语的主语从句放在主句之后。如:
That he will come tomorrow is certain.
=It is certain that he will come tomorrow. 再例:
It is necessary that we learn English well.
It is a pity that we can’t go shopping.
It is said that he has been to England.
whether引导的主语从句
Whether she will be our teacher is not clear.
=It is not clear whether she will be our teacher.
Whether he will succeed or not doesn’t interest me.
=It doesn’t interest me whether he will succeed or not.
wh-词和how 引导的主语从句
(who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why均以wh开头,故统称wh-词)
Who will be our English teacher has not been decided.
What you have said sounds reasonable.
注意:1. that在主语从句中不起任何语法作用,但不能省略。
2. if 不能引导主语从句。
宾语从句
它可以作动词谓语的宾语,也可作非谓语动词、某些介词和某些形容词的宾语。
that引导的宾语从句
I really believe(that)Tom was telling the truth.
I am sure that we can get there on time.
由that引起的宾语从句在意思上相当于陈述句,此时that常可省去,但在以下几种情况下,that不可省。
1)that从句被短语,词组等与谓语动词分隔开时,that不可省。
They told us once again that this should never happen.
(此句中that引导的宾语从句被词组once again与主句隔开,因此that不可省。)
Everyone could see,I believe, that Mike was terrified.
(句中I believe为插入语,故that不可省)
2)当连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,第二个从句及以后的连接词that不可省。
She said(that)her mother had gone abroad and that she would come back in a week.
whether,if 引导的宾语从句
I don,t know if/whether he has ever been to New York.
I wonder whether he can speak German or not.
以上例句中的whether和if(是否)都是引导宾语从句的,一般情况下whether,和if可互换。但在下列情况下whether和if不可换用。
1)whether之后可紧跟or not或构成whether.. .or not结构,if后一般不能紧跟or not,但可构成if...or not结构.
I wonder whether/if Mr.Smith has arrived or not.
I wonder whether or not Mr.Smith has arrived.(不可用if代替)
2)当宾语从句是否定句时,只可用if而不可用whether。
I don’t care if she doesn’t smile.
3)当该宾语从句为介词宾语时,只可用whether而不可用if.
I’m not interested in whether you are against the proposal or not.
4)当宾语从句中出现了并列连词or构成的并列结构时,只可用whether而不可用if.
He asked me whether I was a student or a teacher.
wh-词和how 引导的宾语从句
I can’t imagine why he did that thing.
Please tell me where you went yesterday.
注意:1. 整个复合句是疑问句时,其中的宾语从句应用陈述句的语序。
2. 当主句的谓语动词是过去时态时,宾语从句的谓语应用过去相应的时态。(表示真理的和客观事实的除外)
表语从句
that引导的表语从句
The reason was that he fell ill.
My idea is that we should spend our holiday in Qingdao.
as if 引导的表语从句
The question is whether it is worth doing.
It looks as if it is going to rain.
wh-词和how 引导的表语从句
Is this where he was born?
The important thing is what on earth has happened to him.
The question is who will go there.
思考题
1.主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句为什么统称为名词性从句?
2.that 引导主语从句和宾语从句有什么异同?
3.whether 和if 在引导名词性从句时的区别是什么?
4.在宾语从句中,哪几种情况that不能省略?在语序和时态方面应注意什么?
练习:
一、找出下列各复合句中的从句并说明是什么从句,且口译全句。
1. It is a wonder that he should know so much about this matter.
2. I’m sure that you are the tallest man in the world.
3. We are afraid that the trip will be too much for an old man.
4. It doesn’t make much difference whether they come or not.
5. Whether or not he is your friend doesn’t too much.
6. Where she has gone is not known yet.
7. You may take whatever you like.
8. He told me where he had been.
9. I know when we will take off for London.
10. How he became a three-good student is known to us a11.
11. Why he didn’t come wasn’t quite clear.
12. It happened that they went out when I called.
13. When we’11 have the sports meet hasn’t been decided yet.
14. Whom the teacher will praise in class is an important question.
15. I’m sorry that I didn’t recognize you just now.
16. We are glad that none of you failed in this exam.
17. He said that he would call on his old teacher.
18. I heard that some of the old teachers in our school had retired.
19. I want to know what has happened to her.
20. Whose answer is correct will be discussed at the meeting.
21. Which composition is the best will be decided tomorrow.
22. I was surprised at what you said.
23. Did he say anything about how the work was to be done?
24. The question is whether it worth doing.
25. The reason is that he fell ill.
二、单项选择
1.Can you tell me_____?
A. who is that gentleman B.that gentleman is who
C. who that gentleman is D.whom is that gentleman
2.Can you tell me _____ the railway station?
A, how I can get to B. how can I get to
C. where I can get to D.where can I get to
3.Ask her _____ come with me.
A. if she will B.if will she
C.whether will she D.will she
4. I have no idea _____ far the airport is from here.
A.what B. how C.it’s D.that
5.They have no idea at all ______ .
A. where he has gone B.where did he go
C. which place has he gone D.where has he gone
6._____ he said is true.
A. What B.That C.Which D.Whether
7._____ you have done might do harm to other people.
A.That B. What C.Which D.This
8.They want to know _____ do to help us.
A. what can they B. what they can
C. how they can D.how can they
9. These photographs will show you ______.
A.what does our village look like B. what our village looks like
C.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like
10. _____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone B.The person C. Whoever D.Who
11. _____ we need more practice is quite clear.
A.When B.What C. That D./
l2. _____ I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business
A.If B. Whether C. Even if D.No matter when
13._____ he is doing seems quite difficult.
A.How B.That C.Which D. What
14. ______ that there is another good harvest this year.
A.It says B. It is said C.I was said D.He was said
15. It is suggested that a new building_____.
A. be built at once B. should build next year
C.would be built at once D. could be built next year
16.It is suggested that the experiment _____ under low temperature.
A.makes B.is making C. should be made D.will be made
17._____ was quite helpful.
A. What they advised me to do B.That they advised me to do
C. What did they advise me to do D.All what they advised me to do
18._____ still needs to be discussed.
A. How is the plan to be carried out B. How the plan is to be carried out
C. Why is the plan carried out D. Why the plan is carried out
19.The question is _____ we’11 overcome all the difficulties.
A.what B. how C.that D.which
20.Shanghai is no longer the same city _____ .
A. as it used to be B.what it used to be
C. as it is used to being D.that it used to be
21.Is it possible _____ he misunderstood _____ I said?
A.that, that B. what, what
C.what, that D. that, what
22.He thought _____ he might fail in the exam worried him.
A.which B. that C.when D.so that
23.The fact is ____ he is an advanced worker.
A.what B.which C. that D.why
24.I have no idea _____.
A. what does the word“infinity”mean
B. what the word“infinity”means
C. what the meaning of word the“infinity”
D. what the word“infinity”mean
25.I wonder _____ he asked such a silly question in public.
A.how B.what C.that D. why
26.Are you sure _____?
A. whether she is honest B.that she is honesty
C. she is honest D.is she honest
27.He _____ you are not going abroad.
A.surprised that B. is surprised that
C.surprised at D. is surprised whether
28. What I said was wrong in the last letter for you.I wish I ______ it back.
A. could take B. would take C.will take D.take
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我们从小学就开始学习英语,然而很多人却仍学不好,所以英语基础知识扎实不扎实很重要,今天读文网小编在这里为大家分享英语基础知识大全,欢迎大家阅读!
1、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
I—me—my—mine—myself you —you—your—yourself (yourselves)
he—him—his—his—himself she—her—her—hers—herself
it—it—its—its—itself we—us—our—ours—ourselves
they—them—their—theirs—themselves
人称顺序you, he, she, I ; we, you, they
主格作主语;宾格作宾语,动词和介词之后通常作宾格;形容词性物主代词不能单独使用,通常放在名词之前;名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词,“of+名词性物主代词”表示所属关系。A friend of mine我的一位朋友; teacher of hers她的老师
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时态(Tense)是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。以下是读文网小编整理的英语语法16种时态讲解,希望对大家英语学习有所帮助。
用法:A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。
例:I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have twohouses.
A) didn't sell B) sold C) haven't sold D) would sell
答案是C) haven't sold。
B) 表示从过去某时刻开始,持续到现在的动作或情况,并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点,或for加一段时间,或by加一个现在时间。
例:Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified bythe work of scientists of our time.
A) are to challenge C) have been challenged
B) may be challenged D) are challenging
全句的意思是:“虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物,但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战,并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。”challenge是及物动词,在本句中应当是被动语态;其动作延续到今天,所以要用现在完成时态。可见答案是C) have been challenged。A) are to challenge和D) arechallenging都是主动语态,不可能是答案。B) may be challenged虽然是被动语态,但意思与全句内容不合,所以不对。
C) 表示发生在过去,但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词,如:arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。
例:John has broken his left leg.(约翰摔断了左腿。)
注意事项:A) 现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于:现在完成时强调动作的动态,或受动态的影响,是动态的结果,对现在有影响;过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作,与现在没有联系。
例:He worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他曾经在那家医院工作了8年。这只是讲述一个过去的事实,他现在已经不在那家医院了。)
He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他已经在那家医院里工作了8年。表示他从过去开始工作,一直工作到现在,现在仍在那家医院工作。)
B) 因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时,有动态和延续性的特点,所以不能使用终端动词或瞬间动词。
例:My sister has been married for 5 years.(过去分词做表语表示状态,可以延续)
My sister has married. Don't disturb her.(终端动词)
C) 在"this is the first/ second/ third…… time that……"句型里要求用完成时。
例:This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in theInternational Exhibition.(这是我公司产品第二次参加国际展览会。)
D) 句型"It is/ has been……since"所使用的两种时态都正确。
例:It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.(从我上次见到他以来已经10年了。)
E) 在"no sooner than"、"hardly/ scarcely ……when"、"before"、"prior to"等句型中,主句要求完成时。
例:I haven't met that professor prior to today.(以前我从未见过那位教授。)
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利用顺口溜来学习英语,至少有三大好处:一是节省了时间。死记硬背效果差不说,还费时间,而利用顺口溜,效果又高又省时;二是培养了自己的概括思维能力。把一些词语编成顺口溜,看似容易,其实也难;三是使人觉得学习英语还是饶有兴趣的。
既然顺口溜有这么多好处,那么,何乐而不为呢?
动词根本是原形,变化形式有四种: 原形词尾加“s”,现在第三单人称;过去原形加“ed”, 过去分词也相同; 原形加上“ing”, 现在分词或动名。 原形词尾加“s”,如同名词复数式。若加“ed / ing”,以下情况要注意:词尾有 ie 只加 d,Ing去掉无声 e ;词尾 ie 变成 y , 然后再加 ing ;辅音之后y结尾, Y要变 i 加 ed;现在分词不变y,直接加上ing;词尾重读闭音节,结尾辅音都双写, r 做结尾也一样,重读音节 r 双写;结尾字母若是“t”,不是重读也双写。过去分词过去式,不按规则也有些。
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背好课本上的英语短语,是我们学好九年级英语的关键。下面读文网小编为大家带来九年级下册短语大全,欢迎大家记忆背诵!
Module 1 Travel
短语(Phrases):
Unit 1
by airplane 乘飞机
departure lounge候机厅
time difference 时差
be full of充满, 充满 ......的(表状态)
be filled with用......充满(表动作)
have to 必须,不得不
in the UK 在英国
because of 因为(后接名词或名词短语)
because 因为(后接从句)
Spring Festival 春节
fly to=go to… by plane/on a plane 飞往
take a /the boat to… 坐船去……
have quite a good/great/nice/wonderful/pleased time 玩得很高兴
have a very good/great/nice/wonderful/pleased time 玩得很高兴
同义词:have fun=enjoy oneself
go sightseeing去观光
类似:go skating 去滑冰 go swimming 去游泳 go shopping 购物
take a tour 旅行
by coach乘客车
the Summer Palace 颐和园
go for a long walk去散步
had better do 最好做---
at the end of 在……末/尽头(后接时间)
by the end of 到……为止(后既可接时间又可接地点)
plenty of 大量
the school leavers’party 毕业联欢会
take place 发生
look forward to 盼望,期待
Unit 2
with tears in one’s eyes 眼里含着泪水
dream about 梦见
in front of 在---前面(外部)
in the front of 在---前面(内部)
set off 出发,动身
类似:set out 出发,动身 set about 开始,着手 set down 放下,写下 set free 解放,释放
set up 开办,创办,设立 set to 毅然开始 set on 突然攻击,袭击
forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事
be unable to do 不能做---
at the start of 在---的开端
hold sb in one’s arm 抱住某人
push sb away推开
write to sb. 写信给某人
as soon as 一---就---
jump onto 跳到---上
push past sb 挤过
a pair of 一双/对/副 表示的是成对的东西,是指两个不分开使用的东西。
a couple of一双/对,几个,若干 表示任何两件同类的东西。
look out of 向/朝……外看
类似:look for 寻找 look after 照顾 look forward to 盼望,期待 look up 查找,向上看
look at 看…… look like 看起来像 look out 当心,小心 look around 环顾,四处看
look over 仔细检查
with a nervous smile 带着紧张的微笑
with interest 饶有兴趣地
in a stronger voice 用更强硬的语气说
a ticket with that number 有这号码的票
look at sb. for help 用眼神向某人求助
in a loud voice 大声说
get off 下车 反义词:get on 上车
与off有关的词:turn off 关闭 take off 起飞,脱下 put off 推迟
与get有关的词:get up 起床 get over 克服 get on /along with 与/和……和睦相处
get away 走/离开 get back 返回 get to 到达 get together 相聚,聚会
be far away 遥远,很远
far away from 离……很遥远
even if / though 尽管,即使
drop sth on the floor 把---扔在地板上
shout at 朝/向……大喊
more than 超过,多于
in the end 最后,终于
give up 放弃 give in 屈服,让步
Unit 3
be responsible for
be bad for=do harm to 对……有害
too...to... 太……而不能……
the number of ……的数量
句子(Sentences):
1…He’s staying with his family in the UK….
2….better get back to work….
3…but there are plenty of fun things to do this term…
4. With tears in his eyes, Jim pushed Lin away.
5. He pushed past them towards his seat.
语法(Grammar):
冠词、名词和数词的用法
Module 2 Education
短语(Phrases):
Unit 1
swimming pool 游泳池
worry about 担心
anything interesting 有趣的事
be like 象……一样(内在品质)
look like 看起来像(外貌)
have a look 看一看
as big as 和---一样大/ not as (so ) +原级+as 不如----
a few 几个
a hall for concerts 音乐大厅
both (of) / both ---and ---两者都---
neither (of ) / neither --- nor ---两者都不;既不----也不---
none of (三个或以上)都不
prefer sth / sb / to do / doing sth 更喜欢某事/某人/做某事
prefer sb to do sth 宁愿某人做某事
prefer (doing ) sth to (doing ) sth 比起(做)----更喜欢(做)----
prefer to do rather than do 宁愿做---而不愿做---
be even better than ---at sth 比---更擅长---
get top grades 得高分
somewhere else 别的地方
be surprised at对---感到惊讶
the number of ---的数目
a number of 一些,许多
Unit 2
a secondary school 中学
a primary school 小学
be present 出席
be absent 缺席
the main hall 大厅
make a speech 做演讲
tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人关于某事
last for 持续
have a break/rest 休息
stand for 代表
Personal Health and Safety Education 个人健康和安全教育
have (take ) exams in ---subject某学科考试
among other things 还有其它事
as well as 除了---还有---
instead of 代替
physical exercise身体锻炼
be lucky to do sth. 很幸运做某事
take/have exams 参加考试
in one’s final year 在某人的最后一年
do athletics 做田径运动
after school activities 课后活动
such as 例如
language society 语言社团
a parents’ meeting 家长会
talk about谈论
the best/worst thing 最好/坏的事
Unit 3
expect to do sth. 期待做某事
either … or … 要么……要么……,不是……就是……
both …and … ……和……两个都……
neither (of ) / neither --- nor ---两者都不;既不----也不---
do well in 在---方面干得好
in the end 最后,终于
none of (三个或以上)都不
ask for one’s advice 征求某人的建议, 向某人寻求忠告
on one’s own 单独,独自
at the beginning of 在……开始的时候
a fifteen-minute break 一次15分钟的休息
in addition 另外,加之
in addition to除了---之外, 又---
at least 至少
in stead of 代替,而不是
so that 以便,为的是
句子(Sentences):
1. It was great to see her again .很高兴再次见到她.
2. Did you do anything interesting while you were there?
3. It isn’t as big as ours.
4. And neither school has anything the other hasn’t got.
5. We spend the first 10 minutes in our classroom while our teacher checks which pupils are present or absent.
6. We have a break at 11:05 until 11:20, then another lesson…
7. We have a large sports ground where we play football, tennis and do athletics both during and after school hours.
8. There are three one-hour lessons with a fifteen-minute break.
9. In many areas, home-schooling families get together so that their children can socialize with others.
语法(Grammar):
代词的用法
Module 3 Now and then
短语(Phrases):
Unit 1
do a composition 写一篇作文
the most important difference 最重要的不同
in the past 在过去
know more about 了解更多
be better at preventing illness更善于预防疾病
be better at 更善于
prevent sb./sth. from doing sth. 阻止……做某事
类似:keep/stop sb./sth. from doing sth. 阻止……做某事
take as much exercise as 像---做一样多的运动
as…as 和……一样
make more pollution 制造更多污染
make life more dangerous 使生活更危险
work hard 努力学习/工作
too much free/spare time太多空闲
too much 太多 much too 太
do/ try one’s best to do 尽力做某事
类似:do with 处理,处置 do wrong 做坏事,犯罪 do sb. a favor 帮某人一个忙
do one’s homework 做作业
talk/speak of 谈论,提到
be more relaxed 更放松#p#副标题#e#
Unit 2
life in Beijing北京的生活
the role of woman妇女的角色
all one’s life 某人一生
change a lot 变化很大
most of ---中的大部分
go out to work出去工作
12 hours a day 每天12个小时
look after=take care of 照顾,照料
a full-time job 全职工作
married women 已婚妇女
the whole of his working life 他的整个工作生涯
the whole ---/ all the ---整个---, 全部----
work life 工作生涯
three times a day 一天三次
ready-made food 熟食,现做的食物
grow up 成长,长大
help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
fall off 跌落,从……掉下来
类似:fall behind 落后,掉队 fall asleep 睡着 fall in love with 爱上 fall back 后退 fall down 滑倒,倒下 fall over 向前摔倒,跌倒 fall into 跌入,落入
pick up 拾起,捡起
get / be married (to) sb 和某人结婚
marry sb. 嫁给某人
at work 在工作
no longer 不再
too ---to ---太---以至不能
enough to do 足够---做---
for example例如
on the other hand另一方面
Unit 3
stay healthier 保持更健康
have a good diet 有好的饮食
play sports做运动
lead a… life 过……的生活
be interested in对……感兴趣
hear about听说
grow up成长,长大
(many ) thousands of 成千上万
Half the population of ……的一半人口
be close to 靠近
each other彼此,互相
in the streets在街上
as a result结果
be pleased to see sb.----很高兴见到某人
raise money 筹集资金
care for照顾/看
句子(Sentences):
1. What was life like in the past? 过去的生活怎样?
2. Nearly finished! 快完成啦!
3. Is life today better or worse than it was 50 years ago?
4. The most important difference is that people are healthier …
5. I suppose that’s because public transport is much better today.
6. She’s seen how life has changed.
7. These days people change their jods much more often.
8. And I walk less these days and take the bus more.
9. One day I’ll be talking to your own grandchildren!
语法(Grammar):
形容词和副词
Module 4 The way we look
短语(Phrases):
Unit 1
the way we look 我们穿着打扮的方式
suggest sth / doing sth / +从句: 建议---
need sth / to do / doing sth 需要
refuse sth / to do sth 拒绝
borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物(借进)
lend sth. to sb. 借某物给某人(借出)
plan to do sth. 计划做某事
have on 穿着,戴着
in red 穿红色的……
put on 穿上/ take off 脱掉
be dressed in 穿……衣服
try on试穿
look forward to 盼望,期待
turn left 向左转
on the right 在右边
be sure of sth相信/确信某事
be sure to do sth / that +从句:一定/务必做某事
decide to do / wh- to do 决定--
shop assistant 店员
have/take a look (at) 看一看
change one’s mind 改变某人的主意
Unit 2
designer clothes 品牌服装
花钱/时间做某事:
sb spend some money / time on sth / (in) doing sth
sb. pay some money for sth
It takes sb .some time to do sth
sth costs sb some money
sth be worth some money / doing sth 价值/ 值得做--
look different 看起来与众不同
be different from 与---不同
be the same as 和---一样
go for 追求,竞争, 喜欢
catch one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力
pay attention to 注意
spend … on …在……上花费……
personal look 个人的外形,外貌特征
best-known 最著名的
all over the world 全世界
the number of ---的数目/量
in fact 事实上
prefer (doing ) sth to (doing ) sth 比起……更喜欢……,喜欢……甚于……
care about 关心,讲究, 在意
look the same 看起来一样
make money 挣钱
above all首先,尤其是,特别是,最重要的是
show off 炫耀,卖弄,显示
类似:show around 带领某人参观 show out 领某人出去 on show 展览/出
show up 出席/现,到达
put on 穿上,上演
类似:put off 推迟 put away 把---收好 put out 灭火
succeed in doing sth 成功做某事
fail to do 做不成某事
Unit 3
on websites 在网站上
mobile phone移动电话
pop stars流行明星
so that 以便,为了
so ---that ---如此---以至---
such ---that ---如此---以至----
in order to 为了
not ---any more / longer不再 no more / longer 不再
try to do sth. 尽力做某事
get sb to do sth 让某人做某事
keep away from 使远离,避开
do with 处置,处理,对待
be popular with 受到欢迎或喜爱
fashion designers 服装设计师
句子(Sentences):
1. But the number of these big name companies is in fact very small…
2. … the clothes they make are more expensive than the clothes made by less well-known companies.
3. Most people dress in a way that shows off their personality.
4. Let’s see if they have one in blue.
5. It’s that girl with long hair over there.
6. I think we’re going to be here for some time.
7. The latest way to advertise is not to advertise.
语法(Grammar):
介词
Module 5 Rules and suggestions
短语(Phrases):
Unit 1
be worried about = worry about 担心
listen up 认真听, 注意听
enjoy oneself 玩得高兴,过得愉快
keep to the path 沿着小路走
keep to 沿着…走; 遵守, 待在(某处)
类似:keep back 阻止 keep in touch with 与……保持联系 keep off 勿踏,不接近
keep on doing sth. 继续做某事 keep one’s promise 遵守诺言 keep…out of 使……不得进入
walk along the edge 沿着边缘走
walk along 沿着……走
fall and hurt yourself 摔下去伤了自己
hurt oneself 伤了自己www.
类似:cut/look after/dress/look at/ teach oneself
keep together 呆在一起
go off 离开/去
on one’s own 独自, 独自
get/be lost 迷路了
have something to eat 有些吃的东西
an hour ago 一个小时前
at noon 在中午
go rock climbing 去攀岩
think about 思考,考虑
类似:think of 考虑,想出,关心 think over 仔细考虑
personal safety 个人安全
go down this path 沿着这条小路走下去
go down 沿着, 向…尽头, 到市中心去
cross the stream 越过小溪
climb up to the top of the mountain 爬到山顶
take a look 看一看
come on 快点,开始,过来,有进步,得啦!算了吧!加油!
lead the way 引路
Unit 2
watch out 当心,小心
the three of us 我们三个人(总体只有三个人)
three of us我们中的三位(总体不止三个人)
fall asleep 入睡,睡着(表状态)
类似:go to sleep入睡,睡着(表状态),与wake up 相对。
go to bed 去睡觉(强调动作),与get up 相对。
in the middle of 在…中间
look out of 朝…外面看去
there was nothing to see 什么也看不到/见
make breakfast 做早饭/餐
in a tree 在树枝当中
on a tree 长在树上
later that day 那天晚些时候
by a stream 在小溪边
smell food from a distance 离很远就能闻到食物
pick up the rubbish 捡起垃圾
keep a clean camp site 保持野营地点整洁
tidy up 收拾干净
move on继续前进
make lots of noise 制造许多噪音
come closer 走得更近
make a gesture 做个手势
above all 首要的是, 尤其是
in the forest在森林里
try to do sth. 试图做某事
at midday 在正午
go for a walk 去散步
see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事(强调做某事的过程)
see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事(强调动作正在进行、发生)
reach out 伸手去摸
turn one’s head 转头,回头
run past me into the woods 从我身边跑过,进了树林
stay in the same position呆在原地不动
on the hillside 在山坡上
run back to 跑回到…
move on 继续
the blood goes cold 血变冷了(形容极度害怕)
try to do 努力去做
manage to do设法完成,设法做到
remember to do 记得去做
remember doing记得做过
Unit 3
a bottle of 一瓶
go mountains climbing 去攀岩
be careful of sth./sb. 当心某事/某人,注意某事/某人,对某事/某人仔细
at least 至少
stay out 呆在外面
sign in (使)签到,(使)登记
light fires 点火
at all times始终,经常,不论什么时候
plenty of许多的,大量的
throw... into... 把……扔到……里
make a huge effort to do sth. 尽最大努力去做某事
with his drawing in hand 手里拿着画
with a book in his hand 手里拿着书
wake up to认识到,意识到
to save water is to save our lives. 节约用/爱惜水就是爱惜我们的生命
in the fifth grade. 在五年级
be involved in sth./doing sth.参与,介入,被卷入
pass on把……传给别人,传递
keep the light on 使灯亮着
in order to为了
at the same time 同时
be known as 作为---而知名
Revision Module B
the best way of doing sth. 做某事的最好方法
on the other side of在……另一边
be afraid of sth./doing sth. 害怕(做)某事
be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事
be ready for为...做好准备
make sure弄明白,查明白, 务必确定,
put away处理掉,吃,把...收好,拿开,排斥
draw up拟定,起草,拉起,画出
climb onto爬上
by the time到...的时候
be excited about对...感到兴奋
again and again反复,再三
句子(Sentences):
1. I’m starving! 我都快饿死了!
2. Is that clear? 清楚了么?
3. I think that’s all. 我想差不多就这些了。
4. Before we can enjoy ourselves on the Great Wall, there are a few rules and suggestions.
5. You mustn’t walk along the edge because you might fall and hurt yourself.
6. I think we should start walking…
7. You have to think about personal safety!
语法(Grammar):
情态动词
Module 6 Look after yourself
短语(Phrases):
Unit 1
have an accident 出事故
have a fever 发烧
have a pain in the chest 胸口疼
have a ache in his head 头痛
be wounded in the arm 手臂受伤
wait for等候,等待
catch up ( with ) 赶上
catch the bus 赶公共汽车
catch sb by the arm 抓住某人的手臂
be missing 不见
look for寻找
trip/fall over 绊倒,摔倒, 倒下,翻倒(从...掉下来,落在...之外)
show sb sth 出示某物给某人
call for help 求助
had better (not ) do sth 最好(别)做
get a wound 受伤
get a fever 发烧
nothing serious 不严重
have difficulty in doing sth. 做什么事有困难
Unit 2
thanks to / because of 由于,因为
thank sb for doing 感谢某人做某事
live a happy life 过幸福生活
expect to do sth 期望做某事
It is thought that ---人们认为
in the 19th century在19世纪
in the future 将来,在将来
in future今后,从今以后
sb’s hundredth birthday 某人百岁生日
the oncoming traffic 迎面而来的车辆
too---to ---太---而不能
be sure about 确信
be sure of sth / doing sth 主语相信能做
be sure to do 相信主语能做---
go up 上升
come down 下沉
a couch potato 爱看电视的人
keep/stay/get fit/healthy 保持健康
require sb to do / that ---要求做
require doing sth=sth. require to be done 要求(被)做
the amount of+不可数名词 ……的总量
a large amount of +不可数n.:大量的
a number of +可数n. 许多
the number of+可数名词 ……的总量
watch your diet 注意饮食
see sth as 把---看作
now and then 偶尔,有时
put on weight 增加体重
rest up 休息,休养
not ---, but ---不是---而是
say no to sb./ sth 拒绝
take drugs吸毒
have an effect on sb / sth 对---有影响
类似:bring into effect 实行 come into effect 开始生效 take effect 奏效 in effect 实际上#p#副标题#e#
Unit 3
from side to side 从一边到另一边
get an electric shock 被电击
pull sb. away 把某人推开
in pain 痛苦地
dance to music 伴随音乐跳舞
at least 至少
take a sudden interest in 对---突然感兴趣
the past couple of months 过去的两个月
take up 开始养成----的习惯
be glad about 对……很高兴
be bad for 对……有害
can’t stop/help doing 情不自禁做某事
look up 查阅
find out 发现
die from 死于创伤、过度疲劳、饮食过度等
类似:die of 死于疾病、饥饿、寒冷等,die away 逐渐消失,die out 完全灭绝
the smell of ----的气味/味道
in other words 换句话说
as a result 结果
breathe in 吸入,吸进
give in 屈服,让步,give up 放弃
help sb with sth 在某方面帮助某人
set up创立,建立
句子(Sentences):
1.—How do you feel? ---I feel a bit cold.
2. We had better get you to hospital.
3. He’s got a wound in his leg.
4. It’s nothing serious.
5. Thanks to improvements in both health care and personal safety…
6. …do you get the same amount of exercise today as they did in the past?
7. Say no… to smoking and drugs!
8. As a result, we can get diseases as well.
语法(Grammar):
英语中常见的八种时态的概念和用法
Module 7 Eating together
短语(Phrases):
Unit 1
hold school leavers’ party 举行毕业典礼
类似:catch hold of 抓住 take/get hold of 握/抓住 hold…back 阻止…… hold up 举起
hold one’s breath屏住呼吸 hold a meeting 举行会议 hold on (打电话时)不挂断,等—会
a traditional dish/course 一道传统菜
finger food 手拿/抓食品
in fact 事实上,实际上
be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
heat up 加热
be made with 用……制作的
be mad by sb. 由某人做的
no good to sb. 对某人没有用
no good for doing sth. 不适用
bread roll 面包圈
Unit 2
do as按照……做
in the west 在西方
at the start of 在……开始的时候
Chinese food中餐
help yourself 请自便
the edge of ……的边缘
not…any more 不再
be over 结束
类似:all over 遍及…… over there 在那边 think over 考虑 come over 过来
as soon as 一……就……
golden rule 指导原则,金科玉律,为人准则
Unit 3
turn off 关掉/闭
the sense of taste 味觉
a bowl of 一碗
pick up 拾/捡起
along with与...一道(又), 连同...一起, 随同...一起, 沿[顺]着
in future今后,从今以后
be filled with充满
类似:get up 起床 stand up 起立 look up (在词典等中)查找, 向上看
be worried about担心/担忧...
take time 花费(时间),不急不忙,从容进行,
in the middle of 在……中间
at the end of在...末端(到...尽头)
birthday party 生日聚会
dress up 乔装打扮
句子(Sentences):
1. And everyone has been told to prepare a traditional dish from our own countries.
2. I suppose it can be heated up in the school kitchen, but it should be cooked at home.
3. It’s made with chicken or pork and vegetables.
4. I see what you mean.
5. There’s a saying, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do”.
6. At the start of a meal, if you are the guest, you’ll be invited to serve yourself, or your plate will be filled by your host.
7. It isn’t thought to be so important to offer too much food.
8. …it’s thought quite rude if you leave as soon as you finish eating.
语法(Grammar):
被动语态
Module 8 On the farm
短语(Phrases):
Unit 1
be pleased to do sth. 乐于干……
play the role of 扮演……的角色
at the end 在末尾
decide to do 决定去做
kill oneself 自杀
a pair of一双,一对
take one’s life 结束某人的生命
in the front of 在……的前部(内部)
in front of 在……的前部(外部)
try to do sth. 设法做某事
Unit 2
entertainment capital娱乐之都
plenty of 充足的,丰富的
the latest movies 最新电影
come from 来自
such as 例如
one of… ……之一
be well-known for 因为……而闻名/著名
类似:be well-known as 作为……而闻名/著名be well-known in 在……而闻名/著名
be known to ……所熟知的
all types of各种各样的
not... but... 不是……而是……
remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事
类似:forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事forget doing sth. 忘记曾经做过某事
in the open air 在户外,在露天
a huge number of 许多的,很多的,大量的
Unit 3
suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
suggest + that 从句 建议……
by boat 乘船
in the 18th century 在十八世纪
become famous for 因为……而闻名/著名
be proud of 以/因……而骄傲,感到自豪,感到满足
take pride in以...自豪,对……感到自豪,为……感到骄傲
name after 以……命名
above all 首先,尤其是,特别是,最重要的是
句子(Sentences):
1….I was pleased to see it, but three hours is a long time to stay still.
2. it was hard to see the play at the back.
3. The best place to sit is in the front row.
4. Daming and Lingling found their accents really difficult to understand.
5. The best way is to read the play before you see it.
6. To watch baseball, go to Yankee Stadium, home of the New York Yankees or Shea Stadium for the Mets.
7. If you ever come to New York in summer, remember to spend a day in Central Park watching a play by Shakespeare in the open air…
8. In fact, it’s easy to see why they call it “the city that never sleeps”.
语法(Grammar):
不定式的用法
Module 9 English for your and me
短语(Phrases):
Unit 1
be proud of 以/因……而骄傲,感到自豪,感到满足
a lot许多(很多), 很,非常
above all首先,尤其是,特别是,最重要的是
be good at 擅长于……,精通于……
make progress 取得进步
have been to曾经到过某个地方
have gone to 到某个地方去了
an English corner 一个英语角
fairly low 相当低
no matter how 无论如何
Unit 2
be used for ……被用于……
类似:be used to do sth. 被用来做谋事 be used as 被用来当作be used by 被……使用
used to do sth. 过去常常做谋事be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于做谋事
everyday use 日常应用
be essential for对...必不可少的
international business 国际贸易
a quarter of 四分之一
in the 20th century 在二十世纪
what’s more 更重要的是,况且,更何况
industrial products 工业产品
all over the world 全世界
in recent years 在近几年
borrow…from… 向……借……(借进)
lend… to… 借……给……(借出)
the importance of ……的重要性
as common as 和……一样普通
more and more越来越多
in place of 代替新课 标 第一 网
类似:in place 在适当的地方 out of place 不适当 take place 发生
take the place of 代替,替代
at least 至少
even though/if 虽然,即使,纵然
belong to 属于
Unit 3
connect with和……有关
each other 互相,彼此
all the time 一直,始终
make a great effort to do sth. 努力做某事
show interest in 对……产生兴趣
make good progress取得进步
communicate with 与……交流
at work在工作
in one’s free time 在某人的空闲时间
not at all根本不, 一点也不
be unlikely to 不可能
after all 毕竟,终究
句子(Sentences):
1. How much progress in English do you think you’ve made this year?
2. I’ve reached a level which is quite good.
3. But it’s good to meet other people who want to learn English, no matter how good their English is.
4. What I like most is that you can use English wherever you go in the world?
5. What’s more, English spelling doesn’t give much help with pronunciation….
6. The reason is that in the 18th century, the UK was a country whose industrial products were sold all over the world.
7. More and more schools in Europe are teaching Chinese as a foreign language, in place of European languages.
8. Even though there are differences… we all belong to the international English speaking world.
语法(Grammar):
主从复合句
Module10 My future life
短语(Phrases):
Unit 1
school leavers’ party 毕业典礼/联欢会
refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
at the end of 在……末尾, 在...末端(到...尽头)
a bit 一点儿
intend to do sth. 打算干某事,想要干某事
even though/if 虽然,即使,纵然
high school education 中学教育
go back 回到……
home town 家乡
one day 一天
come on 来,快点,跟着来,进步
stay friends 保持朋友关系
excuse me 原谅我
make a speech 作演讲/报告
Unit 2新 课标 第一 网
as we all know众所周知
say goodbye to sb. 向某人告别/说再见
be sorry to… 对……感到抱歉
junior high school 初级中学
happy times 幸福时光
thank sb. for… 为……而感谢某人
have a lot of fun 有许多乐趣
in the future 在将来
senior high school 高级中学
stay in touch 保持联系
prepare for…为……作准备
owe… to… 把……归功于……
pay back 偿还, 回报 类似:pay for 付……款,pay off 还清(欠款,债务)
be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求
be strict in sth.. 对某事严格要求
role model 楷模,行为榜样
from the bottom of one’s heart 诚挚地,衷心地
learn from 向……学习
look forward to盼望,期待
Unit 3
so that 以便,为了,目的是
take a year off 过一年假期
more and more 越来越多
grow up 成长,长大
answers to problems 问题的答案
apply for 申请
句子(Sentences):
1. You look lovely, Lingling!
2. It’s got a great beat.
3. Pardon?
4. And even if I go back to the UK, I’ll come back and visit you.
5. Let’s fetch something to eat.
6. And we’ll always stay friends.
7. Here’s to our friendship…
8. …what I’ve learnt is the importance of friendship.
9. Sometimes the friends you treasure most are the friends you see less often.
10. So from the bottom of my heart, I thank you all and wish you success for the future.
九年级下册短语相关
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短语和词汇的学习方法大同小异,积累是王道,背好课本上的英语短语对我们学好九年级英语十分重要。下面读文网小编为大家带来9年级上册短语,欢迎大家记忆背诵!
Module1
1. have a meeting开会
2. listen up 注意听
3. get out of 从……内出来; 离开
4. reply to sth./sb. 答复某事/某人
5. on the edge of 处于……的边缘
6. at the bottom of 在……的底部
7. write down 写下,记下
8. tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人某事
9. do some reviews about… 对…做评论
10. do an interview with sb. 采访某人
11. How/What about sth./sb./ doing sth.某人/某物/做某事怎么样?
12.how to do sth. 怎么做某事
13.a boy called Tom 一个名叫
14.suggest doing sth.建议做某事
15. go through 走过,穿过
16.in front of 在……的前面
in the front of 在……的前部
17. in five minutes 五分钟后, 在五分钟内
18. too…..to…… 太……而不能
19. look down 往下看,俯视
look across 眺望
20. arrive at/in 到达
21. faster and faster越来越快
22. be afraid of 害怕……
23. more and more people 越来越多人
24.in the future 在将来
25. all kinds of 各种各样
26. look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事
27. thousands of 成千上万的
28. as…as possible/ one can 尽可能……
29. be able to do sth. 能/.会做某事
30. because of +名/代/动名词 由于/因为
Module2
1.as far as 就……来说,至于
2. not …any more 不再……
3.millions of 数百万的
4. run away 逃跑;潜逃
5. for a time 暂时,一度
6. grow up 成长,长大成人
7. talk about 谈论
8. think about 考虑
9. sound like 听起来像……
10. look for 寻找
11. be known as… 作为……而闻名/知名
be known/famous for 以…而闻名/出名
12. at the end of 在……末尾/尽头
13. get lost 迷路
14.be surprised to do sth. 做某事感到惊奇
be surprised at sth. 对某事感到惊奇
to one’s surprise 令某人惊奇的是
15. be pleased to do sth. 高兴做某事
be pleased with sth./sb对某事/某人感到高兴/满意
16.be/have to do with sb./sth. 和某人/某事有关
17. all over the world 全世界
18. in the 19th century 在19世纪
19. try to do sth. 努力/设法去做某事
20. prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事
prefer sth./doing sth. to sth./doing sth. 与某物/做某事相比,更喜欢某物/做某事
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁可做某事也不要做某事
21. in fact 事实上
22. sothing else 别的一些东西
Module3
1.allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
2. stand for 代表,象征
3. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人去做某事
4. set up 建立,创立(公司,机构等)
5. first of all 首先
6. have no choose to do/to do sth. 没有机会做某事
7. so …that 如此……以致
8. get to sb. 让某人感到烦恼
9.be mad with sb. 生某人的气
10. invite sb. to do sth/某地 邀请某人去做某事/某地
11. make sure 确信,确保,务必
12. compare…to 把……比作……
compare…with… 把……与……相比
13. find out 找出,弄清楚,查出
14. take up 占据,占用(时间,空间等)
15. advise sb to do sth. 劝告某人做某事
16. ten—year –old 十岁大的
a ten—year –old boy 一个十岁大的男孩
17. less than 不到,少于
more than 超过,多于
18. It’s +形+(for sb.) +to do sth. 做某事(对某人来说)是……
Module4
1.ask a favour( of sb.) 请求(某人)帮助
2.at the age of 在……岁时
3.see to 负责,注意
4. look through 浏览
5. at a time 一次
6. at the beginning of 在……的开始
7. rather than 而不是
8. one day 某天
9. would like to do sth. /feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
10. take photos 拍照片
11. from now on 从现在起
from then on 从那时起
12. be used for sth./doing sth. e used to do sth. 被用来做某事
be/get used to doing sth. 习惯做某事
be used as 被用作……
13.a couple of months 几个月
14. turn off 关掉 turm on 打开
turn up 调高(音量) turn down 调低
15. lend sth. to sb.借某物给某人
borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物
16. look after/ take care of 关心
17. leave sth. in/ at+地方 把某物留在某地
18. on one’s way to 在往……的路上
19. go to sleep 去睡觉
20. be made of 由……制成/构成 (制出的成品能看出原材料)
be made from 由……制成/构成(制出的成品不能看出原材料)
be made in +地方 在某地制造
be made by +执行者 由某人制造
21. in the 19th century 在十九世纪
22. as a result 结果是
23. in a way 在某种程度上/意义上
24. so that 以便,以致
25. It is said that… 据说
Module 5
1. pay attention to 集中注意力于……
2. as well 也
3. work out 设法弄懂,计算出
4.try out 试图,试验,
5. above all 首先
6. drop in 顺便走访
7. as……as 同……一样
8. Hang on a minute. 等一下
9. go off on one’sown=leave on one’s own 单独离开
10. kind of 有点儿11. hurry up 赶快
12. be familiar to sb. 对某人来说熟悉
13. do experiments 做实验
14. be different from 与……不同
15. learn about 了解
16. (人) fill…with… 把……装满……
(物)be filled with /be full of 装满/充满……
17. fast enough 足够快
18. as well as 除……之外还有/并且,不但,而且/已及
19. as long as 只要
20.from…to… 从……到
21.in the southeast of 在……的东南部
Module6
1.throw away 扔掉,抛掉(某物)
2. instead ofsth./doing sth. 代替,而不是
3. do harm to 对……造成伤害
4. make a difference to 对……产生影响/很重要
5. get an email from sb. 收到某人的电子邮件
6. be careful about … 认真,谨慎对待……
7.thousands of 成千上万的
8. in fact 事实上
9. raise money 筹款
10.help(to) do sth. 帮助做某事
11. ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事
12. both…and… 两者都……/…和…都
13. neither…nor… 两者都不……/既不…也不…
14. care about 关心
15.as long as possible 尽可能长久
16. change…into… 把……变成
17. take part in 参加(会议,活动等)
18. be off to 动身去
19. try one’s best to do sth. 尽力去做某事
20. hear of 听说
21. be good for 对……有好处
22. worry about 为……担心
23. keep sth. +adj. 使某物保持……状态
24. travel by plane 乘飞机去旅游
25. look around 四周围看看
26. in the 1960s 在二十世纪六十年代
27. put up 张贴,挂起
28.be made up of 组成,构成
29. a number of 许多(谓用复)
the number of ……的数量(谓用单)
Module7
1. have a look at 看……一眼
2. be similar to 同…..相似
be the same as 与……相同
3. give sb. a hand 帮助某人
would like a hand to do 想要帮忙某事.
4.write(a letter) to sb. 写信给某人
5. in the centre of 在……的中心
6. by the way 顺便问一下,顺便说
7. on one’s way to… 在某人去……的路上
on one’sway back from…在某人从……回来的路上
8. at the moment 在那时,此刻
9. on the first day 在第一天
10. at different times of the day 在一天的不同时间
11. arrive at/in get to each 到达
12. keep doing sth. 坚持做某事,连续不断做某事
keep sb. doing sth. 使某人连续不断做某事
13. any other country 任何一个其他国家
14. get back 回来,取回
15. as soon as 一……就
16. at once 立刻
Module8
1. on the left/right 在左边/右边
2. be/get in trouble 陷入困境/有麻烦
3. except to do sth. 盼望做某事
except sb. to do sth. 盼望某人做某事
4. pick up 捡起
5. even though/if 即使
6. congratulations to sb. 祝贺某人
7. get on 发展,进步
get on (well) with 与……相处(得好)
8. be in with a chance 有…..可能,有机会
9. be for from 离……远
10. manage to do sth. 想方设法去做某事
11. work on 从事
12. thanks to 由于……,多亏……
13. agree to do sth. 同意做某事
14. at the end of this month 在今个月月底
15. in the past 在过去
16. show sb. around 带领某人参观
17. walk past 经过,走过
18. much lighter 轻得多
19. think of 考虑,想到
Module9
1. over there 那边
2. have a word with 和某人说几句话
3. win the heart of 赢得……的心
4. ever since 从……开始
5. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
6. go over to speak to sb. 走过去和某人说话
7.be in deep trouble 有大麻烦
8. make a mess 搞得乱七八糟
9.return to … 回到……
10. translate…into 把……译成……
11. more than/over 超过
12. hold a birthday party 举行生日聚会
13. leave one on one’s own/leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下
14. all the time 一直,总是
15. be able to do sth. 能/会做某事
Module10
1.give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
2. a place of interest 旅游胜地
3. do some cooking 做饭
4. a bit tired 有点疲劳
5.want sb. to do 想要某人做某事
6. strong enough 足够强壮
7. need to do sth. 需要做某事
8. take a lot of exercise 进行大量的锻炼
9.do weight training做举重训练
10. bump into 碰到
11. look like 看起来
12. be different to do sth. 难做某事
13. know about 了解
14. decide to do sth. 决定做某事
15.hard work 艰苦的工作
work hard 努力工作
16. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
17. persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人去做某事
18. spend...on… 在某方面花(时间/金钱)做某事
spend …(in) doing sth. 花(时间/金钱)做某事
19.agree with sb. 同意某人
20. in order to dosth. 为了做某事
21. put on 增加,穿上
22. had better(not) do sth. 最好(别)做某事
Module11
1.along with 与……一起
2. thanks to 由于,多亏
3. add to 向……增加
4. look up 查找,查阅
5. come toward sb. 朝某人走过去
6. come up 发生,出现,举行,进行
7. present the prizes 颁奖
8. be close to 靠近……, 离……近
9. have a better life 过更好的生活
10. close down 关闭
11. protect…from… 保护……不受……侵害
12. be free from不受……影响,没有……的
13. a great number of 大量的,许多的
14. because of 由于,因为
15. at the end of the school term 在学期末
16. work hard to do sth. 努力去做某事
17. at the same time 在同一时间
18. move to +地方 搬迁到某地
19. more and more people 越来越多人
less and less water 越来越小水
more and more difficult 越来越困难
Module 12
1.make progress 取得进步
2. a pair of trousers 一条裤子
3. fill in 填写
4. check in 登记入住,(在机场)办理登记手续
5. the whole class 整个班
6. give a warm welcome to sb. 热烈欢迎某人
7. fly to 坐飞机去……
8. do an English course 上英语课
9. watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做某事
10. at the beginning of 在……的开始
11. plenty of 相当多的,大量的
14. by the end of 到…..末为止;到……结束时
15.take place 发生(通常指经过安排的发生
9年级上册英语短语相关
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高考英语语法必考知识点归纳(完整版)
英语高考本身就不仅仅是背背单词那么简单的,高考英语涉及到很多语法知识,是一次非常全面正式的考试。以下是小编准备的一些高考英语语法必考知识点归纳,仅供参考。
听力应试技巧与策略
听前:略读题目,切入话题,划出重点,预测内容(确定人物身份)
听中:捕捉信息,速记要点,有的放矢,去伪存真(短文独白,首末为主旨句,注意5W,1H)
听后:连贯记忆,前后联系,综合考虑,一锤定音。
阅读理解
1.归纳标题题
特点:短小精悍,一般多为一个短语;涵盖性强,一般能覆盖全文意思;精确性强,表达范围要恰当,不能随意改变语意程度或色彩。常见命题形式有:
What’s the best title for the text?
The best title for this passage is ____.
Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
2. 概括大意题
包括寻找段落大意(topic)和文章中心思想(main idea),常见命题形式有:
What is the general/main idea of the passage?
Which of the following expresses the main idea?
What is the subject discussed in the text?
细节理解题
考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等议论文中例证细节和定义类细节。这类题目的共同特点是:答案一般都能在文章中找到。当然,答案并不一定是文章中的原句,考生需要根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。
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中考英语语法知识归纳总结人教版最新
备考中考英语时,需要对重点语法和一些常考的知识点进行全面的复习。那么中考英语知识点怎么学习呢?以下是小编准备的一些中考英语语法知识归纳总结人教版,仅供参考。
一、听力
听力题主要考查整体理解和获取对话核心信息的能力。应试技巧:1.克服紧张心理,放松自己。心态平稳,才能有效发挥。2.试卷下发后,浏览问题题干,快速预测,以便带着问题有目的地去听。3.集中注意力听录音,果断答题。4.要学会放弃。如果有部分信息确实没听清楚,不要纠缠,马上放弃,以免影响后面答题。5.平时听力训练时要养成简写速记的习惯。
二、完形填空
完形填空题考查词汇知识、阅读能力、逻辑推理判断能力。应试技巧:1.快速通读短文,把握大意。特别注重首尾句的理解,抓住各段的主题句,理顺思路,为后面答题做好铺垫。2.在通读全文、理解大意的基础上,根据固定搭配、习惯用法、上下文暗示先选出一部分答案。然后细读全文,联系上下文内容、短语意思、语法法则、固定搭配等,对选项进行逐一比较和筛选,排除错误选项,最终确定正确答案。3.个别无法确定答案的,先跳过,往往能从下文暗示中找到答案。4.通读全文,验证答案。完成答案后,把所选的答案代入原文,通读全文,对所选答案进行核实调整。重要提示:切忌不通读全文,看一空填一空。
三、阅读理解
阅读理解主要考查学生阅读理解、获取信息和处理信息的能力。应试技巧:1.先看问题,再阅读。带着问题快速阅读全文,把握文章大意,明确作者观点和态度,寻求所需要的信息。2.注重主题句,各段的首尾句。3.概括大意,揣摩文章中心,掌握主旨和作者意图,不要过分推敲语言点。4.遇到生词要根据上下文或语境猜词义,不必停顿时间过长。
四、书面表达
书面表达考查学生综合语言运用能力。应试技巧:写作前:1.审题。审题要仔细,理清写作的体裁和格式,明确信息要点及词数限定等。抓住主旨要义,形成书面表达的思路及框架。2.整编。整合信息要点,分清段落层次,编写出提纲。写作中:1.根据体裁和信息要点明确作文所需要的重点句型和短语,尽量使用自己熟知的句型和短语。遇到不会词句,换用另一种意义相近的句式表达。2.遣词造句,用词地道。3.行文连贯。句与句之间,段与段之间连接自然连贯。写作后:1.检查与修改。重点检查:要点是否全面;内容是否完整;格式是否正确;句型、短语是否准确;语法有否错误;拼写有否错误;字数是否符合要求。2.考生在答卷时,写草稿,或写简略提纲,书写清楚规范,做到零涂改,确保卷面整洁。
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英语书信是英语写作中的重要形式之一,他有多少种现在形式呢?下面读文网小编为大家带来英语书信现在格式范文,希望对你有所帮助!
22 March 2006
Dear Ms. Reinhart,
I am terribly sorry that I failed to arrive at BLCU last Friday. I hope that this did not mess you up completely, although I know that you had already made some special arrangements for my visit with you parents and friends. I am very sorry about all that. I am sure you will be sympathetic, however, when I tell you that my father is dangerously ill in hospital, and that I found it impossible to leave for the visit when he is in this state.
My father was working very hard on his project on protecting the environment. I know the project has come to a very important stage. He and his assistants did not take regular rest for three weeks. Last night, my father had a heart attack and was soon sent to the hospital. The doctor said my father was in a very serious situation, and, he might need an operation.
24 hours have passed. Nothing has changed. I have to stay at the hospital. I will let you know if there is any good news.
I am sorry again and look forward to seeing you soon.
Yours sincerely,
Tom Williams
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英语短语对于以后我们的考试和练习题之中,都会发挥不可言说的作用。下面读文网小编为大家带来最常用英语短语,欢迎大家参考学习!
1. have interest in对……感兴趣
2. have lessons/classes上课
3. have no idea不知道,不了解
4. have sports进行体育运动
5. have some medicine吃(服)药
6. have success in在……(方面)成功
7. have sb/sth do sth 让某人做某事
8. have sb/sth doingsth 让某人一直做某事
9. have sth done 做某事;让某人做某事
10. have to不得不,必须
11. have trouble with在……(方面)有麻烦
12. hear from sb收到某人的来信
13. hear of听说
14. help sb (to)do sth帮助某人做某事
15. help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事
16. help oneself (to sth)请随便吃/用
17. here and there到处
18. high school 中学
19. high jump 跳高
20. hold on等一等(别挂电话);坚持,继续
21. hold a world record保持一项世界记录
22. hot dog 热狗
23. hour after hour一小时又一小时地,持续地
24. how about怎么样
25. how far/deep/tall/wide多远/深/高/宽
26. how long(时间)多久,多长;(长度)多长
27. how many多少
28. how much多少;多少钱
29. how often多久,多长时间一次(用于询问频度)
30. how old几岁;多在岁数
31. hundreds of数百
32. hurry up赶快,快点
33. hurry off匆匆离去;赶快去
34. hurt oneself伤着自己
35. go through 穿过
36. go to bed 睡觉
37. go to hospital 去医院(看病)
38. go to school 上学
39. go to sleep 入睡,睡着
40. go to the cinema 去看电影
41. go to the movie 去看电影
42. go up 上升,增长
43. go wrong 走错路
44. good idea 好主意
45. face to face 面对面
46. far away 遥远
47. far behind 落后
48. far from 远离
49. fall asleep 入睡
50. fall down 倒下;跌倒;从……落下
日常必备英语短语
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英语单词是学英语的基础,多记忆背诵才能学好英语。下面读文网小编为大家带来托福重点英语单词大全,欢迎大家学习!
abandon
v 扔弃(地位等),离弃(家园)
accumuate
v 积累,存储
barter
n 物物交换,换货,实物交易
approve
v 批准,认可;赞成,满意
civiian
n 市民,平民
casuaty
n 伤亡(人数);事故,横祸
adverse
a 逆的,相反的,不利的,有害的
consecutive
a 连续的
journa
n 日记,日志,航海日记
match
v 相称,相适合,相配;结合
occupy
v 占领,占据;侵占;占用,占有;占(时间、空间等)
overturn
n&v 颠覆;推翻;打倒,(使)倒
passage
n 通行,通过;经过;转变,演变
dynamic
a 动(态)的;有生气的
fap
1 n (鸟、昆虫)翼;(鱼)鳃盖;(狗等)下垂的长耳;(菌类)张开的伞
2 v 拍动
fue
n 燃料,柴炭 v (给……)加油
etch
n&v 蚀刻,浸蚀
emanate
v (光、气体等)发出,发散,发射(from)
fantasy
n&v 空想,幻想
genre
n (文艺作品的)类型,(诗、剧、小说、散文的)体裁
forage
1 n 草料;饲料
2 v 觅食
expoit
v 利用,开发
entai
n&v 使蒙受,使产生,带来
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英语短语是学英语的基础,多记忆背诵才能学好英语。下面读文网小编为大家带来高二英语重点短语大全,欢迎大家学习!
1. Make/give/write a summary of… 写…的摘要
2. in summary 总的来说
3. access to… 进入…接近…
4. obtain/have/gain/get access to…可以/获准进入…
5. give sb access to… 使某人能接近…
6. take part in 参加活动
7. under press 有压力 感到紧张
8. lay/place/put stress on… 把重点放在…上,强调
9. take (the) responsibility for… 对…负责
10. the sense of responsibility 责任感
11. be responsible for/to… 对…负责
12. be willing to do 心甘情愿做… 愿意做…
13. in harmony (with…) (与…)协调 (与…)相一致
14. out of harmony (with…) (和…)不和谐,(与…)不一致
15. wipe out 消灭… 去除… 擦洗…的内部
16. put an end to… 使…结束, 制止
17. bring sth to an end 使…结束 终止
18. sth come to an end 某事结束了
19. at the end of… 在…末尾 在…结束时
20. by the end of… 到…末尾为止
21. in the end 最终 最后 =at last/eventually
22. have no alternative but to do… 别无选择只有做…
23. have an effect on…=affect
24. advise sth 建议某事
25. advise sb to do 建议某人做某事
26. advise doing 建议做…
27. advise sb on sth 就…给某人建议
28. advise that 从句 建议… (从句虚拟 should+V)
29. share (in) sth 分享…
30. share sth with sb 和某人分享某物
31. share sth between/among sb 在某人中分某物
32. be to do 计划做… 打算做…
33. all too=much too=only too=rather too 太…过于…
34. none too 一点也不
35. 尽力做… ①sb do whatever sb can to do sth
②sb do everything/all (that) sb can to do sth
③sb do as much as sb can to do sth
④sb try all/every means to do sth
⑤sb make all efforts/every effort to do sth
⑥sb spare no pains/efforts to do sth
36. make (adj.) progress in…在…方面取得怎样的进步
37. continue to do/doing 继续做…
38. be content with…对…满意
39. There is a good chance that从句 很有可能…
40. There is a slight chance that 从句 …可能性很小
41. There is no chance that 从句 没可能…
42. be frightened/scared/terrified at/of 对…感到害怕,恐惧
43. frighten/scare/terrify sb into/out of doing sth 吓得某人做/不做某事
44. be frightened/scared/terrified to do 害怕做…
45. be frightened/scared/terrified that从句 害怕…
46. frighten/scare/terrify sb to death 把某人吓死了
47. on end 直立,竖着/连续的
48. a spot of… 一点…
49. at the sight of… 一看到…
50. at first sight 乍一看,初看时
51. sth/sb be in/within/out of (one's) sight 某人看得见/看不见…
52. in one's sight=in the sight of sb 在某人看来
53. at hand 在附近 在手边
54. urge sb to do 催促某人做…
55. urge sth on/upon sb 向某人极力推荐某物
56. urge that 从句 主张…
57. swear to do 发誓做…
58. swear sth/that 从句 发誓…
59. swear at sb 咒骂某人
60. draw/get/attract/catch one's attention to… 引起某人对某物的注意
61. pay attention to…注意…
62. fix/focus one's attention to 集中注意力到…
63. bring sth to one's attention 让某人注意到…
64. turn one's attention to 将注意力转到…上
65. at a distance (of…) 在远处 隔开…的距离
66. in the distance 在远处
67. for a moment 一会儿
68. at the moment 此刻,当时
69. for the moment 目前 暂时
70. in a moment 马上 立刻
71. of the moment 目前的 现在的
72. on/upon +名词/doing 一…就
73. a rain/shower of… 像雨一样落下的东西
74. more…than… 与其说…不如说…
75. pick out 精心挑选出 找出 辨别出
76. on board 上船
77. knock about 漫游,连续打击,袭击
78. live through 度过
79. as if/though 好像
80. calm down 冷静下来
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英语单词是学英语的基础,多记忆背诵才能学好英语。下面读文网小编为大家带来初三上册重点英语单词大全,欢迎大家学习!
33. nearby附近的
34. shelf架子
35. come out出来
36. cover表面
37. press压力
38. picnic野餐
39. hair band发带
40. possibly可能地
41. drop掉下
42. symphony交响乐
43. monkey猴子
44. escape逃跑
45. bark犬吠
46. smell气味
47. finger手指
48. lift举起
49. stone石头
50. string线
51. sink污水沟
52. Yellow River黄河
53. fisherman渔夫
54. latest最近
55. entertainment娱乐
56. feature特征
57. laboratory实验室
58. type类型
59. cancer癌症
60. barbecue烧烤
61. increase提高
62. risk风险
63. biscuit饼干
64. take it easy放轻松点
65. Florida佛罗里达州
66. trek辛苦的长途旅行
67. Amazon亚马孙
68. jungle丛林
69. fall秋天(美)
70. Niagara Falls尼加拉大瀑布
71. Eiffel埃菲尔
72. cathedral大教堂
73. Notre Dame Cathedral
74. church教堂
75. convenient方便的
76. underground地铁;秘密活动
77. general上将;普遍的
78. in general总之
79. finding发现
80. thousands of数以千计
81. as soon as possible尽快地
82. continue继续
83. programming规划
84. translator翻译者
85. report报导
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英语短语是学英语的基础,多记忆背诵才能学好英语。下面读文网小编为大家带来高考英语常用短语大全,欢迎大家学习!
go bad/blind/deaf变坏/变瞎/变聋
go wrong 出错;发生故障
go about 四处走动/(谣言、故事、消息等)流传开来/着手于干某事
go after 追赶
go against 反对/对……不利/违背
go ahead (口语)说吧,走吧,做吧/走在前面/进步
go around四处走动/(传言、故事等)传播,传开
go back to 追溯到…
go beyond 超出
go by =pass 经过/(时间)过去,消逝
go down (物价等)下降 /(船只等)沉没/(日、月等)下落
go out (火)熄灭/过时了/罢工
go on (时间过去/继续
go over 复习/仔细检查,核对
go through 审阅,详细讲讨论,研究/经历(痛苦,困难)/完成
go up (价格、水平等)上升,增长/兴建/被炸坏,被焚毁
go all out to do sth 全力以赴去做某事
go with 相配,配合,适合=match/陪伴
go without 忍受没有……之苦,没有某事物也可应付
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单词是学习英语的基石,想要快速学好英语,最好的办法还是多记多背英语单词。下面是小编整理的英语六级作文必备单词大全,欢迎大家阅读分享借鉴,希望对大家有所帮助。
1.学分绩点以及奖学金评比
我们都知道在大学里面只要是国家承认的证书基本都是有加学分绩点的这么一个效果,而学分绩点是评比奖学金最为关键的因素之一,如果能够考取六级证书,那么相信在这方面帮助是很大的。
2.对于考研有帮助
对于那些要考研的同学来说,英语六级考试是比较重要的,如果英语六级能考过的话,那么在考研的英语科目上面应该就没什么太大的问题了,而且在面试的时候,很多导师都会了解英语过级情况的,如果你过了六级而且分数比较高,那么到时也能有个比较深刻的影响,有助于考研的成功。
3.工作方面的帮助
对于银行职员或者是公务员来说,很多时候英语四六级是很被看重的,但是一般这些工作人员可能最多的就是英语的四级证书,如果你有英语六级证书的话,那么在应聘时会更有优势。
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下面读文网小编为大家带来金融英英财务报表相关英语词汇大全,欢迎大家阅读!
财务报表分析 Analysis of financial statements
比较财务报表 Comparative financial statements
趋势百分比 Trend percentage
比率 Ratios
普通股每股收益 Earnings per share of common stock
股利收益率 Dividend yield ratio
价益比 Price-earnings ratio
普通股每股帐面价值 Book value per share of common stock
资本报酬率 Return on investment
总资产报酬率 Return on total asset
债券收益率 Yield rate on bonds
已获利息倍数 Number of times interest earned
债券比率 Debt ratio
优先股收益率 Yield rate on preferred stock
营运资本 Working Capital
周转 Turnover
存货周转率 Inventory turnover
应收帐款周转率 Accounts receivable turnover
流动比率 Current ratio
速动比率 Quick ratio
酸性试验比率 Acid test ratio
以上就是读文网小编为大家带来的金融英语财务报表相关英语词汇大全,希望对大家的学习有所帮助!
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