为您找到与英语考研长难句精解相关的共200个结果:
考研翻译评分标准就是分段给分,微观扣分。也就是说考生在做考研翻译之前就要做一个句子切分的工作,拆分的依据就是长难句分析的依据。最后,考研作文和长难句也是息息相关的,如果你能准确把握长难句翻译难的原因,那作文何愁写不来长句子呢?近些年考研英语试卷中,考生普遍认为难度较大的是长难句的理解与翻译。这些句子一般为多个从句,因此翻译长难句,首要解决的应该是弄清楚从句以及从句之间的关系。然而“看花容易,绣花难”,究竟该如何攻克考研英语中的难点长难句呢?
英语有些长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同,甚至完全相反,这时必须从原文后面开始翻译。在汉语中,定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中,许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后,因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉,即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换,按意群或进行全部倒置,原则是使汉语译句符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。
例如:
It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice。
分析:该句由一个主句,一个条件状语从句和一个宾语从句组成,“……变得越来越重要”是主句,也是全句的中心内容,全句共有三个谓语结构,包含三层含义:A. ……变的越来越重要;B. 如果要使学生充分利用他们的机会;C. 得为他们提供大量更为详尽的信息,作更多的指导。为了使译文符合汉语的表达习惯,我们可采用逆序法,翻译成:
因此,如果要使学生充分利用他们(上大学)的机会,就得为他们提供大量关于课程的更为详尽的信息,作更多的指导。这个问题显得越来越重要了。
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考研英语中的翻译是众多考生头疼的事情,既考察单词的基本概念及生僻含义,又考察长难句的学习程度,此外还有翻译的策略与方法。众所周知,英汉两种语言在表达方式上有相似之处,但更多的是差异。
But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the right way to go since well developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job or not。(1999 text3)
划分句子时,要注意几大标志,如连词,介宾短语,标点符号,非谓语动词等等,这些因素都可以有效的帮助我们划分句子。For后加名词短语构成介 宾短语,所以后 professional training为主干主语,might be为主句谓语动词部分,way为表语。到此,主句已经画出来了。Since引导原因状语从句,since句中两逗号之间all other factors being equal是独立主格为插入语。此句就可以翻译为:对于一部分同学来说,职业训练可能是一条正确之路,因为在其他条件相同的情况下,拥有良好的职业技能对 于找工作来讲是截然不同的。
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考研英语翻译是一项复杂而艰巨的脑力活动,涉及文化、知识、思维、表达和经验等多个层面。要做好英译汉,不是一件很容易的事。大部分考生都觉得考研英语翻译很难。根据2012全国硕士研究生统一考试英语考试大纲(一)的规定,考研英语翻译仍属于阅读理解的一部分,其命题形式是英译汉,“主要考查学生准确理解概念或结构较复杂的英语文字材料的能力。要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章,并将其中5个划线部分(约150词)译成汉语,要求译文准确、完整、通顺”。翻译部分的总分值为10分(每题2分),占全部试卷的10%。因此,考研翻译部分的总体要求应该是“译文准确、完整、通顺”,这与翻译的一般标准“忠实而通顺”是基本一致的。
我们来有针对性地来谈一下翻译技巧,多注重翻译中应注重的细节。
一、锁定谓语动词
谓语动词的寻找至关重要,它是句子的核心部分,找到了谓语动词,就能证明有句子存在。那么如何寻找呢?第一,有时态的动词就一定是谓语。接下来,顺着谓语动词往前找,如果有引导词存在,说明这个谓语动词所在的句子是个从句,然后可以根据引导词前的单词确定它是什么类型的从句。
比如:A。如果引导词前是个名词,那就根据情况区别是定语从句还是同位语从句;
B。如果引导词前是实意动词,那就说明这个从句是宾语从句;
C。如果引导词前面是系动词,那就说明这个从句是表语从句;
D。如果其前面是状语从句的引导词,那就说明这是个状语从句。
如果顺着谓语动词往前找,却没有引导词存在,那说明这是主句的谓语动词,那它的前面就是主语,后面就应该是宾语或表语。
This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive
in,Demonstrates 前面没有引导词,它就是主句的谓语动词;is 前有引导词that,且that 前是实意动词,所以这是宾语从句。
二、寻找并列连词
常见的并列连词有and, but, yet, or, so, for ,not only...but also… 看到这批单词,一般就有并列结构存在,并且很可能存在着省略问题。
比如:They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory,and they are essential to practices in which
a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements。
并列连词如上已经标出,显然第一个and 前后的两个句子是完全并列的;后面的and 前后两句话也应该是并列的,并且其前的谓语动词前有引导词 in which,in which 前又是个名词,所以这是由and 引导的两个定语从句。因为存在并列,所以第二个定从和第一个相比,少了 in which a person is 。
所以,从以上的句子分析可以得出:本句话是由第一个and 连接的两个并列的句子,并且两个句子都是主谓表结构。且and 后面的句子中还有一个and 引导的两个并列定语从句,共同修饰practices。
三、寻找引导词
何为从句?从句就是句子前面有一个引导词。所以找到引导词就找到了从句,再根据引导词前的单词确定其是什么从句。
比如:
Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in
its strongest form,states that language imprisons the mind, and that the
grammatical patterns in a language can produce farreaching consequences for the
culture of a society。
引导词已经标注出来,which 前面是名词determinism 名词,并且which在从句中做主语,显然这是个定语从句,修饰其前的名词。第二个引导词that 前面是实意动词 state,所以这是个宾语从句。最后的引导词that 前有并列连词and,显然后两个that 从句是完全并列的宾语从句。 所以该句是个简单的主谓宾结构,宾语的最后一个单词是名词,存在一个定语从句,定语从句中又有两个并列的宾语从句。
最后,长难句的掌握和分析对于英语考研来说具有十分重要的意义和作用(特别在阅读以及翻译部分),正确地分析长难句能够大大提高做题的正确率。万学海文英语钻石卡考研教研室的专家们温馨提示2012年的考生们:在分析长难句时,一定要从锁定谓语动词、寻找并列连词以及寻找引导词上着手。
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翻译本身是一个复杂的心理思维活动和认知过程,任何做翻译的人都会感到翻译的艰巨性。大多数初学翻译的人,感觉最明显的问题是:理解英语不容易,表达成汉语不轻松。考研英语翻译考试每年的平均分是4分到5分之间,同学们之所以在此拿分水平比较低的原因是没有掌握答题的方法。大家之所以得到这么低的分数,是因为单词不认识吗?不对!是因为句子不熟悉吗?也不是,而是做题的时候特别地着急以至于一上来就从第一个单词翻译到最后一个单词,于是就遭遇了很严重的困难,如何理解和如何表达,就成了大多数感觉自己英语基础知识比较匮乏的考生的严重问题了。
首先我们来分析下长难句是如何产生的。
一、为什么英语会存在长难句
从近年的考研翻译真题可以看出,文章的题材大多是有关政治、经济、文化、教育、科普以及社会生活等方面的内容,文体以议论文为主,说明文为辅,结构严谨,逻辑性强。除此之外,长难句较多,这给考生在规定时间内准确地完成翻译增加了难度,有如下三大特点:
1.英语多从句,句子长且结构复杂
英语通过一整套系统语法结构组合成句子,还可通过增加限制成分、修饰语以及补充成分使句子变长、变复杂。考研英语翻译题几乎都是长而复杂的句子。
首先,英语中只要存在名词,就会存在修饰名词或解释名词的东西。所以,I 后面可能跟有这些成分。比如 liuxiaoyan,这个东西也是名词,名词后面还可能有修饰或限定成分,比如 who comes from chongqing university. 这个句子中最后一个成分还是名词,又可能存在着修饰限定成分,于是又可能来对chongqing university 做解释,which is the most important universities in china; 这时同学们已经可以自己推出来了,china后面还可能有修饰限定成分。同样的道理,you 后面也可以跟修饰限定成分。这样,一个所谓的长难句就诞生了。
I, liuxiaoyan, who comes from chongqing university, which is the most important universities in china, who is my motherland, love you ,who can make everybody stop to look at you in the street in which there are so many people who ... ;
在这个句子当中,你还能找出I love you 吗?所以有了句子结构的复杂就导致了翻译难的问题。
2.英语多被动结构
英语中被动句比汉语多,尤其是科技英语。从最近十几年的考研英译汉真题中笔者发现被动结构的出现频率相当高,2002 年的5个句子中全都出现了被动结构。动词只能做谓语,谓语只能是动词,并且一个句子中谓语不能多,只能有一个,所以我们需要把不做谓语的动词变成不是动词,如何把一个动词变成不是动词呢?三种变法:A、变成to do(不定式);B、变成v-ing(现在分词);C、变成done(过去分词)。
比如说“他来看我”,不能翻译成“he comes see me”;因为这个句子中只有comes 是谓语,所以see,变成了 to see,这就是动词不定式了。再如这句话,beat you is my fault. 显然is 是句子的谓语,所以beat 这个动词就不能作为动词出现了,要把它变成beating或者是to beat。也就是说,由于以上原因,英语中就存在了分词或动词不定式了。也就是说分词和不定式可以做英语句子的任何成分,除了不能作谓语。这也就是英语长难句存在的依据之二。
3.英语重形合,句子结构严谨
英语句子以形连表意连,重句法结构,主语十分重要,理解时要抓住主谓关系,否则很难理解。尤其复合句,一定要看清主句和各分句的主谓结构。
(1)用连词连接两个并列的句子
I love you , but you love that dog. 这样就有了英语的并列句,在考研英语中,并列句是个难点也是重点。因为一般来说,有并列的句子,就会考到代词指代或省略。
例如: Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems. 主句是有一个连词and 连接的两个并列的句子,后面的句子就省略了will continue to be rejected。
(2)用主从句来连接两个并列的句子
两个句子中的一个变成从句也是解决办法。即是:although I love you, you love that dog. (状语从句) 或I love you ,who loves that dog. (定语从句)
(3)用分词做状语来连接两个并列的句子
把谓语动词变成不是动词就可以了。于是,把前面句子中的love 变成loving 就搞定了。即是:my loving you , you love that dog。
二、分析长难句的六种方法
知道了为什么会有长难句,那么我们就要知道如何分析这些句子的成分。首先,纠正一下同学们分析长难句的误区。那就是拿到一个句子时不要上来就开始读,读完就开始一个一个词地来翻译,这不叫句子分析,而是字字对译。根据上面第一部分的分析和总结,翻译长难句首先需要从以下两方面入手:
1.首先单词的掌握是最基本的
关键词汇的意思若是没有译出来是一定不回得到高分的。考研的词汇考的是词汇的深度,而不是词汇的广度,也就是考查同学们能不能真正的掌握和运用这个词汇,真正在上下文中理解这个词汇。所以建议同学们不是单纯的、简单的、机械的记住词的意思,而要真正的理解词汇在上下文中的具体用法。所以词汇的复习对于考研翻译,同时对阅读有着决定性的意义,大家准备的时候第一关首先要突破词汇关。
2.从语法分析的角度入手
分清句子的主干和修饰成分以及它们成分之间的逻辑关系,更好的理解句子。这样对长难句的翻译是很有帮助的。
(1)寻找谓语动词
找到了谓语动词,就说明有句子存在。首先,如何寻找谓语动词呢?很简单,有时态的动词就一定是谓语。然后,顺着谓语动词往前找,如果有引导词存在,说明这个谓语动词所在的句子就是个从句,再根据引导词前的单词判定这是个什么从句:
A。如果引导词前是个名词,那就根据情况区别是定语从句还是同位语从句;
B。如果引导词前是实意动词,那就说明这个从句是宾语从句;
C。如果引导词前面是系动词,那就说明这个从句是表语从句;
D。如果其前面是状语从句的引导词,那就说明这是个状语从句;
如果顺着谓语动词往前找,却没有引导词存在,那说明这是主句的谓语动词,那它的前面就是主语,后面就应该是宾语或表语。
例如:This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.
Demonstrates 前面没有引导词,它就是主句的谓语动词;is 前有引导词that,且that 前是实意动词,所以这是宾语从句;show前有引导词that,其前是名词fact,且that在从句中显然做主语,所以这里有一个that引导的定语从句;最后一个动词是took,其前也存在着that,且that前是实意动词,所以took 所在的句子是宾语从句。综上,本题主句是一个主谓宾结构,并且宾语中又有一个定语从句和宾语从句。
(2)寻找并列连词
常见的并列连词有and, but, yet, or, so, for ,not only...but also... 看到这批单词,一般就有并列结构存在,并且很可能存在着省略问题。
例如:They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements。
并列连词如上已经标出,显然第一个and 前后的两个句子是完全并列的;后面的and 前后两句话也应该是并列的,并且其前的谓语动词前有引导词in which,in which 前又是个名词,所以这是由and 引导的两个定语从句。因为存在并列,所以第二个定从和第一个相比,少了in which a person is 。
综上,本句话是由第一个and 连接的两个并列的句子,并且两个句子都是主谓表结构。且and 后面的句子中还有一个and 引导的两个并列定语从句,共同修饰practices。
(3)寻找引导词
什么是从句?从句就是句子前面有一个引导词。所以找到引导词就找到了从句,再根据引导词前的单词确定其是什么从句(前面已做过讲解此处不再讲述)
例如:Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society。
如上,引导词已经标注出来,which 前面是名词determinism 名词,并且which在从句中做主语,显然这是个定语从句,修饰其前的名词。第二个引导词that 前面是实意动词 state,所以这是个宾语从句。最后的引导词that 前有并列连词and,显然后两个that 从句是完全并列的宾语从句。 所以该句是个简单的主谓宾结构,宾语的最后一个单词是名词,存在一个定语从句,定语从句中又有两个并列的宾语从句。
(4)寻找名词
一般的长句子中,名词后只要不是谓语动词,一般都有修饰限定成分,即定语或同位语。也就是说,我们只要能寻找到名词,其后的东西就确定是修饰或解释前面的名词的。
例如:Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest(微博) dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place。
如上,分析各个名词,第一个名词pearson 后显然是谓语动词;第二个名词work 后面of短语显是然修饰work 的;第三个名词后也有修饰成分;calendar 后从句也是修饰该名词的;
最后,两个并列的名词后仍然是修饰名词的。那如果把所有修饰名词的动词划去,句子的主干就显示出来了:Pearson has pieced together the work to produce a calendar。
(5)寻找动词不定式和分词
如上所述,动词只能做谓语,不做谓语的动词要变成不是动词,即分词和不定式;那就意味着分词和不定式虽然表达的意义不同,但是其在句子中所做的成分是完全一样的。也就是说,分词和不定式除了不能做谓语以外,任何成分都可以充当。
(6)寻找介词
有介词一般都会有介词短语,在句子中充当表语、定语、状语等。
最后要提醒大家的是:翻译要遵从原文的意思,忠于原话。不能偏离了原文的大意,那就一份都得不到了。一般翻译的评分标准是踩点得分,也就是所谓的文中需要重点翻译出来的地方如果你翻译出来了自然分就到手了,反之则一分也得不到。由于句子是存在于文章中的,有特定的语言环境。所以大家一定要先在通读原文的基础上了解文章的主题以及需要翻译的句子,译文应该符合原文所陈述的内容。在分析句子的时候首先要弄清的是句子的主干和修饰成分,以及它们的逻辑关系,明确代词所指代的具体的词或短语的,同时还要注意是否存在省略等等语法现象,明确句子的整体意思及其在上下文中所处的地位。接下来是用自己的话将句子的大意表述出来,需要注意的是语句一定要通顺,遵从一半说话的逻辑及平时写中文作文的要求,尽量做到通俗能懂就好。如果时间允许的话就再次地检查一遍,做一些修改,使句子的意思更加饱满。
总之,翻译做得好对于阅读理解和作文,甚至取得高分是具有很大的帮助,所以,大家一定不可因为分值较小对其忽视。当同学们看到长难句时,一定按照我们的讲解寻找相应的提示线索,不要不分主次地翻译。当然,长难句的解决不但要有好的方法,更要注意自己单词量的积累和基本英语语法问题的解决,这是个基础加方法的长期练习和背诵的过程,希望大家在学习长难句时擅长总结和复习,才会有很快的提高。
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考纲上关于翻译部分的规定是:“能将一般难度的英语短文译成汉语,理解基本正确,译文达意。”也就是说,翻译是一项对考生综合能力要求比较高的题型,它不仅要求考生对词汇、语法、语篇以及文化知识等有较好的掌握,还要求考生有很强的语言组织能力。
除了上面的建议可以帮助考生答疑解惑以外,攻克长难举最关键的办法还在于真正了解考研英语中长难句的考点,真正的学会分析长难句。万学海文特别列出以下几点最为基础的步骤供考生参考:
1、找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;
2、分析从句和短语的功能,例如,是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句
或状语从句等;以及词,短语和从句之间的关系;
3、分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分;
4、找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语,即句子的主干结构。
以上几种复习英语长难句的方法希望考生在复习的过程中好好体会,通过多做练习更好地运用和把握,这也是往年考生的难点所在,因此希望这些方法能够对大家有所帮助。
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硕士研究生考研英语完型填空题及答案(2024)
为了让考研的同学更高效地复习考研英语,小编考研频道已经整理出了2024年考研英语完型填空试题和答案。如果你正在准备考研,不妨了解一下这些资料,希望它们能对你的备考有所帮助。
考研的考场分配根据考生的所在地以及报考学校等进行安排,在职人员考研时,考场一般都会分配在户籍所在地或工作单位所在地。
考研报考同一学校的考生理论上是分配在一个考点,甚至是同一考场的。考研报考同一学校的相同专业和不同专业是一起考试的。因为考研的考点、考场分配是实行统一管理,采取统一分配的原则,便于管理。
考研考场还有另外的分配方法,是划分考研的考场、考点时先按照各省、各市进行统一划分,然后是按照学校进行划分,再次是按照专业进行划分。
总之就是考研考场怎么分配对于考生的影响不大,考生只需要按照准考证所指示的前往指定考点进行考试即可,并且携带相关证件。
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考研英语2024备考复习技巧
考研英语分为英语一,英语二。考研英语一和英语二的题型都有英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作。以下是小编为大家收集的关于考研英语2024备考复习技巧的相关内容,供大家参考!
1、考研英语二的总考试时长是180分钟。
2、第一部分的20个选择题,可以安排20分钟。
3、第二部分的A节安排75分钟,B节安排25分钟。预计总时长是100分钟。
4、第三部分的英译汉,安排20分钟。
5、第四部分的Part A安排15分钟,Part B安排25分钟。预计总时长是40分钟。
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英语阅读能力是学习英语的重要能力,也是考研英语重要考察的能力之一,下面读文网小编为大家带来考研英语阅读精选时文,希望对你有所帮助!
Foxconn, the world’s largest electronics contract manufacturer, is revamping the pay structure at its main production base in southern China in a move that could end up the cost structure of global electronics production.
富士康,这一全球最大的电子产品合同制造商正彻底调查其位于中国南方主要生产基地的员工薪资结构,而此举可能推高全球电子产品生产的成本构成。
Following a 30 percent wage increase from July 1, the group said workers who reach certain performance standards would now also get an additional 66 percent pay rise from October 1.
7 月1 日富士康已经给工人加薪30%,之后又表示会从10 月1 日起给达到一定业绩标准的工人额外加薪66%。
“The monthly wage for all first-line employees and their line leaders and supervisors in Shenzhen will be elevated to Rmb2,000 as early as October 1 2010, ” if the workers successfully passed a three-month evaluation period, the company said.
富士康表示,“最早从10 月1 日起,深圳工厂中所有‘一线’员工及线长、组长的月薪将增加到2000 元,只要员工能成功通过为期3 个月的考核期。”
The wage increase comes as a spate of suicide among workers in Foxconn’s largest plant and a strike at a Honda factory in China have triggered calls for better conditions for the tens of millions of migrant workers who have been powering China’s export-manufacturing machine.
此次加薪的直接原因是富士康最大厂区一连串自杀事件以及在本田中国工厂的罢工事件。这一系列劳工事件引发了对改善数以百万计中国农民工劳动条件的呼声。农民工一直是中国出口制造业的真正动力。
Foxconn’s decision is the clearest sign yet of major changes in the labor conditions in export manufacturing in China.
富士康的加薪决定预示着中国出口制造业的用工状况正发生重大转变。
Foxconn, which makes electronic gadgets such as iPhones and PlayStation video game consoles, is China ’s largest employer with a headcount of 800,000, and has been the country’s largest exporter every year since 2003.
富士康,这家生产iPhone 和PlayStation 视频游戏机等电子产品的企业,拥有全中国最多的雇员,员工80 万名。自2003 年以来,每年都是中国最大的出口企业。
Foxconn executives said they could not predict how the additional cost would be shared but expected customers to help shoulder the burden.
富士康管理层说他们无法预测谁来承担加薪造成的额外成本,但预计部分会被转嫁给消费者。
The latest increase would more than double the basic pay of assembly line workers in Shenzhen and bring it to a level they currently only reach by working 12-hour shifts six days a week.
最新的加薪举措使富士康深圳工厂流水线工人的基本工资提高一倍多。目前工人想要挣到这么多钱,必需一周工作6 天、每天工作12 个小时。
The increase exceeds the demands of some labor activists who had rejected Foxconn’s earlier 30 per cent pay rise as too little too late. Activists said the group needed to increase pay by at least 50 per cent to give workers a decent income without massive overtime.
本次加薪甚至也超出了一些劳工维权人士的预期。他们曾表示富士康此前30%的加薪“太少”也“太晚”。这些维权人士认为,富士康至少需要加薪50%,才能让工人得到不错的报酬,而又不需要大量加班。
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想要提高考研英语成绩,就要注重平时的阅读能力的培养。下面读文网小编为大家带来考研英语阅读精华美文,欢迎大家阅读欣赏!
Studying for an exam while listening to music is not smart, because background music can impair your ability to perform memory tasks, new research has found.
最新研究发现,边听音乐边复习功课并非明智之举:因为背景音乐会降低你完成与记忆力相关的任务的能力。
Study participants were asked to recall a list of eight consonants in the order they were presented. They did this while in five different sound environments: quiet surroundings; music they liked; music they disliked; changing state (a sequence of random digits); and steady state (a sequence of steady digits such as “3, 3, 3, 3”).
参与调查者听到8 个辅音字母,他们必须按照播放顺序进行复述。他们听的时候,分别处在5 种不同的背景声音中:安静环境、喜欢的背景音乐、不喜欢的背景音乐、数字不断变化的响声,数字不变的响声(例如:3,3,3,3)。
The participants’ recall ability was poorest when listening to music, regardless of whether they liked or disliked it, and in changing-state conditions. The most accurate recall occurred when participants performed the task in steady-state environments, according to the study published online in the journal Applied Cognitive Psychology.
结果显示,无论他们喜欢还是不喜欢背景音乐,在播放音乐和数字不断变化的声音环境里,被调查者的记忆力都最差。该研究发现刊登在《应用认知心理学》上,研究指出人在安静环境下记忆力最好。
“ The poorer performance of the music and changing-state sounds are due to the acoustical variation within those environments. This impairs the ability to recall the order of items, via rehearsal, within the presented list, ” explained lead researcher Nick Perham, a lecturer in the School of Psychology at the University of Wales Institute in Cardiff, in a news release from the journal’s publisher.
威尔士大学卡地夫学院的首席研究员尼克·珀罕在该期刊的新闻发布会上说:“音乐与不断变化的声音影响了人们的表现,这是因为那些环境声音变化会影响人们复述测试内容的能力。”
“Mental arithmetic also requires the ability to retain order information in the short-term via rehearsal, and may be similarly affected by their performance in the presence of changing-state, background environments,” he added.
“心算也需要通过练习在短时间内记住信息的顺序,因此也可能受到背景环境的影响,”珀罕补充道。
When performing a challenging mental task, do it in silence, Perham recommended.
珀罕建议人们应该找一个安静的环境来完成一项具有挑战性的脑力劳动。
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想要提高考研英语成绩,提高英语阅读能力十分重要。下面读文网小编为大家带来考研英语阅读美文,欢迎大家阅读欣赏!
Military service is notoriously rough on a service member ’s mental health. According to some estimates, 30 percent of service members develop some type of mental health issue within four months of returning home after deployment.
当兵对个人的心理健康会造成重大的负面影响。据估计,百分之三十的服兵役的人在退伍回家之后的四个月内会或多或少出现一些心理疾病。
The military is spending more money than ever to address mental health issues within the ranks, and their latest attempt is a smart phone application called the T2 MoodTracker application, which helps service members keep track of their mental health after deployments.
部队现在正花大代价来解决军人们的心理健康问题。他们最新推出了一个叫做T2 情绪追踪器的智能手机应用软件,这个软件可以帮助退伍士兵时刻关注自己的心理健康问题。
The app works like a high-tech diary, allowing users to express emotions and behaviors that result from therapy, medication, daily experiences or changes happening at work or in the home.
这个软件就好像是一本高科技日记,使用者可以把他们接受心理治疗使用药物之后的情感和行为记录下来,也可以记录他们在工作和生活中经历的一些事情。
The smart phone app isn ’t supposed to be a pocket therapist, though. It serves more as an extremely accurate and timely record of a service member’s mental health.
这款软件并不能被当做一个“随身携带的医生”。它只是用来及时而准确地记录退伍老兵的心理健康。
Perry Bosmajian is a psychologist with the National Center for TeleHealth and Technology, where this smart phone app was created. He says this smart phone app will yield much more accurate results on the psychological conditions of service members who have returned home.
皮埃尔·博斯马吉安是这款软件的设计者,他在国家远程卫生和技术中心工作。他说这款软件能够详细记录下退伍士兵的心理健康状况。
“Therapists and physicians often have to rely on patient recall when trying to gather information about symptoms over the previous weeks or months,” Bosmajian said. “Research has shown that information collected after the fact, especially about mood, tends to be inaccurate. The best record of an experience is when it’s recorded at the time and place it happens.”
“治疗师和医生都必须依靠病人的描述来获取信息,判断他们前几个星期或者前几个月里出现的一些症状”,博斯马吉安说,“这些依靠回忆获得的信息往往是不可靠的,特别是关于情绪的回忆。最好的办法就是在情绪发生的时候将它准确地记录下来。”
The app specifically tracks anxiety, depression, general well-being, life stress, post traumatic stress and brain injury. The daily expressions add up over time to produce a trend that can be observed by physicians and therapists.
这款软件能够详细记录下使用者的焦虑,抑郁,幸福感,生活的压力,创伤后的压力和脑部损伤。这些每天记录下来的信息日积月累就可以形成一条曲线,治疗师和医生可以参考这条曲线所反映的心理趋势。
The app has been downloaded more than 5,000 times since it became available on the Android Market a year ago. The app should be available for iPhone users some time next year.
这款软件一年前在Android 市场上发布以来,已经被下载了5000 次。明年也许就可以在iPhone 上使用了。
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备考考研英语,最重要就是提高英语阅读能力,下面读文网小编为大家带来考研英语双语美文阅读,希望大家喜欢!
Learning to play a musical instrument can change your brain, with a US review finding music training can lead to improved speech and foreign language skills.
掌握一门乐器能够使大脑发生变化。这是美国的一项最新研究发现,通过音乐训练还能够提高演讲和外语水平。
Although it has been suggested in the past that listening to Mozart or other classical music could make you smarter, there has been little evidence to show that music boosts brain power.
尽管过去就有人提到过听莫扎特或其他古典音乐可以让人变得更聪明,但是并没有足够的证据证明音乐能提高人的智商。
But a data-driven review by Northwestern University has pulled together research that links musical training to learning that spills over into skills including language, speech, memory, attention and even vocal emotion.
如今,美国西北大学的一项研究从数据出发,分析探讨了音乐训练对语言、演讲、记忆力、注意力甚至感情表达等能力的影响。
Researcher Nina Kraus said the data strongly suggested that the neural connections made during musical training also enhanced the brain for other aspects of human communication.
据研究人员妮娜·克劳斯介绍,他们的研究数据充分表明,音乐训练过程中所产生的神经元连接能增强大脑在人际沟通等方面的能力。
“ The effect of music training suggests that, akin to physical exercise and its impact on body fitness, music is a resource that tones the brain for auditory fitness and thus requires society to re-examine the role of music in shaping individual development,”the researchers said in their study.
在研究报告中,这些研究人员这样说道:“与体育锻炼对身体健康的影响一样,音乐能够增强大脑活力,增强听觉的敏锐度。所以我们有必要重视音乐在个人发展中所起的作用。”
Kraus said learning musical sounds could enhance the brain’s ability to adapt and change and also enable the nervous system to provide a scaffolding of patterns that are important to learning.
克劳斯还说,学习声乐能够提高大脑的应变能力,也可以帮助神经系统建立起一个有利于学习的架构。
The study, published in Nature Reviews Neuroscience, looked at the explosion of research in recent years focused on the effects of music training on the nervous system which could have strong implications for education.
该成果发表于《神经系统科学自然评论》上,对近几年该领域内的最新研究进行了回顾和分析。这些研究主要关注的是音乐训练对神经系统的影响及其可能会对教育产生的潜在影响。
The study found that playing an instrument primes the brain to choose what is relevant in a complex process that may involve reading or remembering a score, timing issues and coordination with other musicians.
研究发现,演奏乐器能帮助提升大脑从各种复杂的过程中分辨出有价值信息的能力,这一复杂的过程可能包括看谱、记谱,计时或与其他乐师配合等。
“A musician’s brain selectively enhances information-bearing elements in sound,” Kraus said in a statement. “In a beautiful interrelationship between sensory and cognitive processes, the nervous system makes associations between complex sounds and what they mean.”
克劳斯在一项声明中说:“音乐家的大脑能够有选择性地从声音中分辨出载有信息的元素。在感觉和认知的不断交互和融合中,神经系统能把复杂的声音和它们所表达的意思联系起来。”
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英语阅读能力是学习英语的重要能力,也是考研英语重要考察的能力之一,下面读文网小编为大家带来考研英语阅读美文精选,希望对你有所帮助!
At 32, singer and actor Park Yong-ha was riding high on the‘Korean Wave’that has swept across Asia ’s entertainmentindustry. He rose to fame in 2002 on the pan-Asian television hit‘Winter Sonata’and was set to take his career to new heights this summer with a starring role alongside fellow Yoon Eun-hye in the much-anticipated television drama‘Love Song.’A Japanese concert tour was due to kick off later this month.
32 岁的歌手兼演员朴龙河曾在横扫亚洲娱乐圈的“韩流”中乘风破浪。2002 年他出演了韩剧《冬季恋歌》,这部电视剧在亚洲走红,朴龙河也因此成名。他原定于今年夏天与一线明星尹恩惠一同出演备受期待的连续剧《恋歌》,这一角色会把他的事业推向新的高峰。日本的巡回演唱会原本也将于七月底开演。
But on June 30th, the actor who appeared to have the world at his feet was found dead in his apartment by his mother, apparently having killed himself.
然而在6 月30 日这一天,这位看起来正处在人生巅峰状态的男演员却被发现死在家中,很明显是自杀。
His death shocked fans, and marked the latest in a series of suicides by famous South Koreans.
他的死让大批粉丝震惊,亦是一系列韩国名流自杀事件中最新的一起。
These deaths are representatives of a wider turmoil in South Korea. In 2009, South Korea had the highest suicide rate among the 31 mostly wealthy nations in OECD, at around 22 deaths per 100,000 people (compared with around 18 in 100,000 for the OECD as a whole.)
这些名人的自杀事件只是韩国整个国家高自杀率的一个缩影。韩国2009年的自杀率在经合组织(OECD)31 个发达国家中是最高的,每10 万人中就有约22 人自杀(OECD 的整体水平为每10 万人有18 人自杀)。
The OECD report attributes the rise of suicide to a fast-changing economy over the decades. Lee Min-soo, professor of psychiatry at Korea University College of Medicine, supports this view.
OECD 在报告中将韩国的高自杀率升高归咎于快速转型的经济。高丽大学医学院的精神病学教授李民勋同意这一观点。
In the past decades, South Korea has embarked on a process of political and commercial freedom and high-tech industrialization that has made it one of the wealthiest countries in the world. But at the same time as this‘economic miracle ’ has swept the country to greater riches, many traditional social structures have broken down, with smaller families, rising house prices, the end of lifelong employment, fierce competition for the best jobs and rising alcoholism.‘It is the price we pay for such unsustainable fast economic development, ’says Dr. Lee.
在过去的几十年里,韩国开始了政治自由化、经济自由化、高科技产业化的进程,这使得韩国在短短的几十年间成为了世界上最富裕的国家之一。就在“经济奇迹”给韩国积聚了大量财富的同时,传统社会结构纷纷被瓦解,带来了诸如家庭规模缩小、房价上涨、终生就业终结、职场竞争激烈、酗酒问题严重等问题。李民勋说,这就是我们为这种不可持续的高速发展所付出的代价。
Dr. Lee also points to the heavily publicized suicides of South Korean celebrities as a possible factor in the high suicide rate overall. A link is hard to prove, says Dr. Lee-but‘the extensive coverage and detailed reporting on how people kill themselves is worrying.’
李博士还指出,媒体对韩国明星自杀事件的过度渲染也可能是导致总体自杀率偏高的原因。他说,虽然很难去验证这两者之间的关系,但是铺天盖地的关于自杀的报导的确令人担忧。
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说起考研英语作文,不少考生虽不能说谈之色变,却大有深感其难之苦。想要提高英语写作能力,那就要多学习优秀范文的写作技巧。下面读文网小编为大家带来考研英语作文范文精选,供大家参考学习!
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to inquire the possibility of providing financial aid for a proper candidate.
I wish that you could find a primary schoolgirl in the rural areas of western China. More often than not girls drop out of school there for the lack of money. I plan to offer 3000 yuan per year up until she finishes secondary education. If she can enter university, I will continue to support her until she graduates and finds a job.
I wish that it would not be too difficult to find such a candidate. I am looking forward to your early reply.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
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想要快速学好英语,最好的办法还是记多记多背英语单词,下面读文网小编为大家带来考研新版英语单词,欢迎大家学习!
drawback
n.欠缺,缺点
drawer
n.抽屉
drawing
n.绘图,图样
dread
v./n.恐惧,担心
constant
a.经常的,不断的;坚定的,永恒的,忠实的
n.常数,恒量
constituent
a.形成的,组成的
n.成分,要素
constitute
v.组成,构成
greeting
n.问候,致敬
grieve
v.使悲伤,使伤心
grind
v.磨(碎),碾(碎)
grip
v./n.紧握,抓紧
footstep
n.脚步(声),足迹
for
prep.往,向;对于,供;为了;达,计;替,代表;赞成;至于
conj.由于,因为
forbid
v.禁止,不许
force
n.力量,力;势力;[pl.][总称]军队;兵力
v.强迫,迫使
extend
v.延长,延伸
extension
n.延长,扩大,伸展;电话分机
extensive
a.广大的,广阔的
despite
prep.不管,不顾
dessert
n.正餐后的水果或甜食
destination
n.目的地,终点
assistant
n.助手,助教
a.辅助的,助理的
associate
v.(with)使联系,使联合;交往,结合
n.合作人,伙伴,同事,同行
a.副的
cheer
v.(使)振奋,(使)高兴
v./n.喝彩,欢呼
cheer up使高兴,使振奋;高兴起来,振作起来
cheerful
a.愉快的,高兴的
cheese
n.干酪,乳酪
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说起考研英语作文,不少考生虽不能说谈之色变,却大有深感其难之苦。想要提高英语写作能力,那就要多学习优秀范文的写作技巧。下面读文网小编为大家带来考研英语写作优秀作文,供大家参考学习!
A person should never make an important decision alone. Important decisions should be well thought out. People who know you well, know what is best for you. People close to you can give you good advice, give you a different perspective, or share their own experience.
When I had difficulty deciding which classes to take in college, I talked to my teachers and advisors. They had the knowledge and expertise to help me determine which classes were the best ones to take for my future career. Without their advice, I might have chosen unsuitable courses.
In college, I had convinced myself that I was not good enough to act in the school play. Therefore, I decide not to audition even though drama bad always been my passion. The day of the auditions, a friend of mine asked me why I wasn't auditioning. When I told her I didn't feel I was good enough, she was shocked. She was able to provide me with another perspective on myself and my talents. I rethought my decision and tried out... and got a lead in the play.
Last year when I was trying to decide whether or not I should study overseas, I talked to my friend. This was the best thing I could have done. This was a big decision for me because I had never been overseas on my own and I wasn't sure I could do it. She had studied overseas the previous year. She told me about the challenges and opportunities I might encounter and helped me make the right decision. I went and it was amazing!
Whenever I am faced with an important decision, I seek advice from others so that I am well-informed and have the benefit of their perspective and experience.
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说起考研英语作文,不少考生虽不能说谈之色变,却大有深感其难之苦。想要提高英语写作能力,那就要多学习优秀范文的写作技巧。下面读文网小编为大家带来考研英语作文范文三篇,供大家参考学习!
The qualities of a good son and daughter---obedience, loyalty, respect---have not changed. Any patent will tell you that, like their ancestors, they expect these qualities from their children. However, they do not always get what they expect from their children.
Parents demand that their sons and daughters, regardless of age, obey them. Even if the children are married and have their own children, they should still do whatever their parents ask of them. At last, that’s the way it was. Now, children tend to obey their parents until the children are of college age. Then they feel they are adult enough and can make their own decisions even if these decisions are against the parent’s wishes.
Parents also expect loyalty from their children. If there was a dispute in the neighborhood or between families, the parents would expect their children to side with their own family. This quality is probably still very common. Most children today will support their family against others.
Parents, of course, demand respect. As people become more mobile, and introduced to non-traditional ways of doing things, this quality may not endure. Parents are sometimes viewed as old-fashioned. Children don’t think their parents can appreciate the way life really is. They think their parents are too old to understand. They lose respect for their parents.
Obedience, loyalty, and respect are virtues that are being challenged today. We may not obey our parents, give them the loyalty or respect they wish or deserve, but I hope my children obey me, are loyal to me, and respect me.
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说起考研英语作文,不少考生虽不能说谈之色变,却大有深感其难之苦。想要提高英语写作能力,那就要多学习优秀范文的写作技巧。下面读文网小编为大家带来考研英语作文高分范文,供大家参考学习!
Nothing ventured. Nothing gained. If our great explorers and scientists did not live by this creed, where would we be? I think that we must all take risks in our lives, but these must be calculated risks. Like the great thinkers of our time, we must plan carefully, seize all opportunities, and reevaluate our plans.
There is no such thing as a chance occurrence. Columbus in his search for the Indies drew maps, plotted his route carefully, and set out. Madam Curie worked diligently in her laboratory recording every aspect of her experiments. You need to have a careful plan so you can measure your success.
Even with a careful plan, changes occur. Columbus was looking for the Indies, but ended up in the Caribbean. Lewis and Clark were looking for a river passage west, but discovered much more. You have to be ready to take advantage of new things as they occur.
When things go against plan, you must be ready to change direction. Columbus didn’t bring back spices from the East Indies, he brought back gold from the West Indies. It is important to see the positive side of things. Make your mistakes work for you.
You will never succeed in life if you don’t take chance. But before you start, you must plan carefully so you are ready to take advantage of every opportunity and turn mistakes to your advantage.
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