为您找到与英语定语从句用法总结相关的共200个结果:
对于一个具有一定英语水平的人来说,了解定语运用的规律,从而提高分析语言表现技巧的能力,而且还可以有力提高准确、有效地运用语言的能力。为此 ,本文想就英语中几种常见的定语常见错误粗略地谈谈自己的看法。
1.误:I still remember the day when we spent together.
正:I still remember the day that/which we spent together.
译:我仍记得我们在一起度过的日子。
析:应改when为that或which,因为从句中谓语动词spent是及物动词,其后应跟宾语而不是时间状语。 ?
2.误:This is the house where we lived in last year.
正:This is the house which/that we lived in last year.
译:这是我们去年住过的那个房子。
析:应改where为which或that,因为从句谓语动词lived后有介词in,其后少介词宾语,而不是地点状语。
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定语从句,一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后(先行词)进行修饰限定,所以叫做定语从句。在主句中充当定语成分。那么你知道定语从句的用法吗?下面跟着读文网小编一起来学习一下,希望对大家的学习有所帮助!
1.限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况,对先行词起限定作用,与先行词关系十分密切,不可用逗号隔开,也不可省略,否则全句意义就不完整。如:
This is the telegram which he refers to.
Is there anything (that) I can do for you?
2.非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明,没有限定作用,它与先行词的关系比较松散,因而不是关键性的,如果省略,原句的意义仍然完整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿,在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。如:
This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.
As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.
引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有:who, whom, whose, which, when 和 where,不可以用that和why。
另外,非限制性定语从句从意义上讲,相当于一个并列句,在口语中使用并不普遍,在日常生活中,人们通常用并列句或简单句来表达。如:
I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother.
= I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother.
Yesterday I happened to see John, who was eager to have a talk with you.
= Yesterday I happened to see John and he was eager to have a talk with you.
3.两种定语从句的内涵不同,限制性定语从句具有涉他性,而非限制性定语从句具有 唯一性,这在理解和翻译时应特别注意。试比较:
All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.
All the books there that have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.
His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man. (只有一个)
His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old. (不止一个)
4.有时,非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是某一个词,而是整个主句或是主句中的一个部分,这时一般采用which或as来引导。如:
He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would.
注:(1)as引导的从句可以放在主句之前,而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。
They are hollow, which makes them very light.
As is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China.
(2)从意义上讲,which指前面主句的内容;而as指代的是作为一般人都知道的常
识性的东西,因此常译成“就象… …那样”。
(3)如果定语从句的内容对主句的内容起消极作用,则用which,而不用as,如:
She stole her friend’s money, which was disgraceful.
He tore up my photo, which upset me.
5.在正式文体中,以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常以in which或 that 引导,如:
The way in which you answered the questions was admirable.
但在非正式文体中,人们通常省略in which或 that :
The way (in which) he spoke to us was suspicious.
I don’t like the way (that) you laugh at her.
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下面小编给大家总结了英语连词的用法,希望对大家的英语学习有帮助。
1. —Oh, I failed again
—Don’t lose heart. One more effort, ________ you will succeed.
A. so that B. therefore C. however D. and
2. ________ a difficult situation, so you should send him a message and give him some advice.
A. As he is in B. He is in C. Being in D. He being in
3. She said she would work it out herself, ________ ask me for help.
A. and not to B. but not C. and prefer not D. rather than
4. ________ enough time, but I couldn’t do it better.
A. I was given B. Given C. To be given D. Though I was given
5. —How can I wake up so early?
—Set the alarm at 5 o’clock, ________ you’ll make it.
A. but B. or C. and D. so
6. For a person with reading habits, a printed page contains not only words ________ ideas, thoughts and feelings.
A. yet B. and C. or D. but
7. Information technology is taught in most schools, ________ we have entered the information society.
A. so B. while C. still D. for
8. English is understood all over the world ________ Turkey is spoken by only a few people outside Turkey itself.
A. while B. when C. if D. as
9. I was on the point of going to bed ________ Mr. Zhang rang.
A. as B. when C. while D. and
10. I asked him whether he had done all the work himself ________ whether he had had any assistance.
A. and B. but C. nor D. or
11. In some countries, ________ are called “public schools” are not owned by the public.
A. which B. as C. what D. that
12. ________ happens in the world makes us happy and sad by turns.
A. That B. What C. Which D. Whether
13. I read about this story in some book or other, does it matter ________ it was?
A. where B. what C. how D. which
14. One of the men present held the view ________ the book said was right.
A. what that B. what C. that D. that what
15. ________ I had walked for six hours, I was tired out.
A. After B. Before C. When D. As
16. Tom make up his mind to get a seat for the football match ________ it means standing in a queue all night.
A. as if B. as though C. even if D. whatever
17. The roof fell ________ he had time to dash into the house to save his baby.
A. as B. after C. until D. before
18. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true ________ it comes to classroom tests.
A. as B. since C. when D. after
19. I have been keeping that photo ________ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my college days.
A. which B. where C. whether D. when
20. You may borrow this book ________ you promise to give it back.
A. in case B. so long as C. as if D. even if
【答案解析】
1. D. 考查“祈使句/名词+and+陈述句”句型。句意为:“再努力点,你就会成功的”。
2. B. so(因此)是并列连词,引出一个表示结果的分句,前面应是一个表示原因的分句,而无需再用连词,排除A;C和D又不是句子,也错了。
3. D. 因为rather than是对称连词,意为“而不”
4. A. 因为but是并列连词,后面是个句子,前面也一定是个句子,而不是一个分词短语或不定式短语,更不能再用连词though,所以排除B、C和D。
5. C. 考查“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型,意为“如果…就…”。虽然or也可用于此句型,但or是“否则、要不然”之意,如:Work hard, or you’ll fail. (努力学习,否则就会不及格。)
6. D. 因为not only…but (also)…是固定搭配7. D. 因为句中的并列连词for表示原因,是对前面分句所述内容的解释或补充说明。
8. A. 因为句中的并列连词while表示“对比或相反”。
9. B. 因为句中的并列连词when = just at that time, 意为“这时(突然)”。
10. D. 因为只有or才能表示选择,意为“(是…) 还是”。
11. C。本题考查what引导主语从句,并在主语从句中作主语。句意为“在许多国家,所谓的“公立学校”并非公众拥有。
12. B。本题考查引导主语从句的连接词。that引导主语从句只起连接作用,在从句中不作任何成分,无意义,但不能省略。what除引导主语从句外, 还在从句中作成分。which指一定范围内的“哪一个”;whether意为“是否”。根据句意“世上的事喜忧交替”可知答案为B13. D。该题考查宾语从句。可以看作是does it matter which book it was的省略。一定注意此题受母语干扰,很容易错选答案为A。只要抓住题干前一句I read about this story in some book or other的提示,就可知道是指一定范围内的“哪一个”,故答案为D。
14. D。that引导同位语从句;what the book said是同位语从句中的主语。
15. A。本题考查以after引导的时间状语从句,意为“在…之后”。句意为“步行了六小时后,我累坏了”。
16. C。even if=even though,引导的让步状语从句,意为“即使, 尽管”,符合题意。
17. D。本题考查before引导的时间状语从句,意为“在……之前”。句意为“他来不及冲进去救他的孩子,屋顶就塌了”。
18. C。When it comes to. . . 是一固定句型,意为“当谈到……时,涉及”。句意为“做作业是提高考分的一个可靠方法,这在涉及到课堂测验时尤其正确”19. B。该题考查where引导的地点状语从句,表示“在…地方”。句意为“我一直把照片放在我每天都能看到的地方,因为它总使我回想起大学里的日子”。
20. B。so long as=so long as, 意为“只要”,表示条件。句意为“只要你答应归还,你就可以把这书借走”。
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我们更好地了解if这个英语单词,也更好地掌握它的用法。以下是读文网小编为大家整理了if句型的用法,希望能帮助大家更好地掌握if句型,提高英语水平。
四、if作为连词还可以引导宾语从句。引导宾语从句时和whether意思相同。例如:
1. Lily asked if / whether she liked it. 莉莉问她是否喜欢它。
2. She asked if / whether they had a cotton one. 她问是否他们有一件棉织的。
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下面是小编整理的一些关于状语从句用法的总结, 希望能帮助大家更好地认识状语从句,提高英语水平。
the first time常引导时间状语从句,其重点不是讲第一次做什么,而是说明另一动作或情况;也可以作表语,强调到说话为止某一情况或动作的次数。如:
I knew we would be good friends the first time I met her.
比较:for the first time表示有生以来或一段时间内第一次做某事,在句中一般单独作状语。如:
The two girl students talked for the first time at the beginning of the term.
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分词就是具有动词 及形容词二者特征的词,尤指以-ing或-ed,-d,-t,-en或-n结尾的英语动词性形容词,具有形容词功能,同时又表现各种动词性特点,如时态 、语态 、带状语性修饰语的性能及带宾词的性能。以下是小编为大家整理的分词作定语用法总结,希望能帮助大家更好地认识分词,提高英语水平。
1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written
答案D. 书与写作是被动关系,应用过去分词做定语表被 动,相当于定语从句 which is written
2)What's the language ____ in Germany?
A. speakingB. spoken C. be spokenD. to speak
答案B. 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。
spoken是动词speak的过去分词形式,在句中作定语,修饰主语language, spoken 与 language有被动关系。该句可以理解为:
What's the language (which is) spoken in German?
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以下是小编为大家整理的英语表语的用法总结,希望能帮助大家更好地掌握英语表语的用法,提高英语水平。
表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。它也可以说是一种主语补足语。它位于连系动词之后,与之构成所谓的系表结构。在系表结构中,连系动词只是形式上的谓语,而真正起谓语作用的是表语。可以用作表语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句等。
(1)Time is pressing. Let’s hurry up. 时间紧迫,我们得抓紧。
(2)The situation is inspiring. 形势令人鼓舞。
[拓展]英语中有些表示感觉的及物动词,其现在分词表示主动,即“令人有某种感觉”。现在分词与中心词之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这类词一般都可作表语。
(1)The story he told us was very amusing.
他给我们讲的故事很有趣。
(2)The noise is very frightening. 那声音很恐怖。
[归纳]这类动词有:amuse(有趣,给……娱乐),satisfy(满意),encourage(鼓励),disappoint(失望),inspire(鼓舞),frighten(吃惊),surprise(惊讶),bore(使厌烦),puzzle(使迷惑)等。
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以下是小编为大家整理的so和not可替代that从句句型归纳,希望能帮助大家更好掌握so和not句型,提高英语水平。
A 在believe,expect,suppose,think和it appears/seems之后,表示同意前面说过的话时可以用so代替:
—Will Tom be at the party?
—I expect so/suppose so/think so./I think he will.
—汤姆会到联欢会去吗?
—我想会的。/我认为他会去的。
表示对前面说过的话加以否定时,可以用下列句式:
—Will the scheme be a success?
—I don’t believe so/expect so/suppose so/think so.
—计划会成功吗?
—我不相信/我不指望/我不认为/我想不会。
—Are they making good progress?
—It doesn’t seem so.
—他们正在取得很大的进展吗?
—好像不是这样。
B 在hope和be afraid(=be sorry to say)之后同样可以用so和not:
—Is Peter coming with us?
—I hope so.
—彼得和我们一起去吗?
—我希望如此。
—Will you have to pay duty on this?
—I’m afraid so.
—这个你得上关税吗?
—恐怕要上关税。
这里的否定式是由动词的肯定形式+not构成的:
—Have you got a work permit?
—I’m afraid not.
—你有工作许可证吗?
—对不起,我没有。
C 在say和tell+宾语之后可用so和not:
—How do you know there is going to be a demonstration?
—Jack said so./Jack told me so.
—要举行示威游行的事你是怎么知道的?
—是杰克说的。/是杰克告诉我的。
I told you so!(我早就告诉你了!)可意为我告诉过你事情就是这样的或我告诉过你会发生这样的事。这一般会使受话者不高兴。
关于tell的否定形式,只有否定式+so这一种结构:
Tom didn’t tell me so.
汤姆没有这样告诉我。(汤姆没有对我这样说过。)
say后面的简略从句的否定形式可以有两种,但意思不一样:Tom didn’t say so.
汤姆没有这么说。相当于:
Tom didn’t say that there would be a demonstration.
汤姆没说要举行示威游行。
Tom said not.
汤姆说不会。相当于:
Tom said there wouldn’t be a demonstration.
汤姆说不会举行示威游行。
D if+so/not
so/not在if之后可代替前面提到过的或已知而不必明白说出
的主语+动词结构:
Will you be staying another night?If so(=If you are),we can give you a better room.If not(=If you aren’t),could you be out of your room by 12:00?
您要再呆一晚上吗?如果是这样(=如果您要再呆一夜),我们可以给您提供条件再好一点儿的房间。如果不是(=如果您不呆了),您能在12点离开这房间吗?
if so/not通常如上述例句那样,代表了一个条件从句。但关于if so。
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so和not可替代that从句 相关
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下面是读文网小编整理的一些关于keep在英语单词中的用法,欢迎大家阅读!
keep在英语单词中的用法总结:
1. keep+形容词。如:
Keep silent,please.
请保持安静。
You must look after yourself and keep healthy.
你必须照顾好自己,保持健康。
2. keep+副词。如:
The teacher kept Wang Lin back yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午老师把王林留在后面。
Danger! Keep out!
危险!不要入内!
3. keep+介词短语。如:
Keep off the grass.
别践踏草地。
Keep at it. Don?謘t give up!
不要放弃,坚持下去。
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下面是小编整理的一些关于介词to的用法总结, 希望让大家更好地认识to这个单词,提高英语水平。
英语介词to的用法总结
1:以-ior结尾的形容词,后接介词to表示比较,如:superior,inferior,prior,senior,junior
Thequarrelhappenedpriortomyarrival.
2:一些本身就含有比较或比拟意思的形容词,如equal,similar,equivalent,analogous
AissimilartoBinmanyways.
3:表示一些先后顺序的形容词,如:second,subsequent,next,preliminary,preparatory
Subsequenttothewar,theyreturnedtotheirhometown.
4:to也偶尔出现在个别动词之后,与动词形成固定词组,表示比较,如:preferto,compareto,incontrasttocomparetosth.表示比喻或比拟,而comparewithsth.表示比较,如:
Worldisusuallycomparedtoastage
Comparedwithhispast,hehaschangedalot.
Prefer的正确句型是:preferAtoB或preferdoingAtodoingB,但当prefer后接动词不定式时,表示比较的介词to就要改成ratherthan,如:
Theundauntedsoldierpreferreddeathtosurrender.
Manypeoplepreferspendingmoneytoearningmoney.
Theyprefertopursuecareersratherthanremainhomeashousewives.
5:to与及个别的名词构成比较之意,如:alternative
Goingtoanunderwaterconcertisagreatalternativetogoingtodinner.
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替代是一种避免重复的连接上下文的手段。在英语中主要有三种替代现象:名词性替代、动词性替代和分句性替代;同理,替代词也分为名词替代词、动词替代词和分句替代词。此外还有状语的替代。以下是小编为大家整理的“替代”的用法分析总结,希望能帮助大家提高英语水平。
用分句替代词so或not替代整个分句的现象叫做分句性替代。例如:
Many people believe that there will be another world war before the end of the century. My father think so, but I believe not.
1.分句替代词so或not可替代that从句
so可用来替代肯定的that从句,not替代否定的that从句,它们常与I’m afraid, believe, expect, fear, guess, hope, suppose, think等词语搭配。例如:
1)“Have we got enough money?” “I think so.”
2)“We’re not going to be in time.” “No, I suppose not.”
2. so与not可用来代替if 后面的从句
例1:Are you free this evening? If so, come and have a drink with us.
例2:Are you busy this afternoon? If not, I wish you would stay with me for a while.
3.用it, this, that, such作为替代词
例1:If you don’t work hard, you’ll regret it. (regret it = regret not working hard)
例2:He was very tired. This explains why he went to bed early.
例3:You’re trying to cut with the back of the knife; that’s a silly thing to do.
例4:I may hurt your feelings, but such (= that) was certainly not my intention.
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中考英语考试想的考取好成绩,重在平时的积累记忆,下面读文网小编为大家带来2016中考英语重点短语用法总结,希望对大家的中考英语备考有所帮助!
1 . cost / take / spend / pay 花费
花费时间做某事 : It takes sb some time to do sth . = sb spend some time (in)doing sth .= sb spend some time on sth .
某人花钱买某物 : sb spend some money on sth . = sb pay some money for sth . = sth cost sb . some money .
※ spend 和 pay 主语都是人, cost 主语是物。
※ spent 还可以指“度过”→ How did you spend your weekend ?
The sweater ________ me 90 yuan . = I _______ 90 yuan for the sweater .=I _____ 90 yuan on the sweater .
He spent lots of money ________ the mobile phone .
It ________ her 20 minutes to go home every day . = He ________ 20 minutes ________ home every day .
2 . thanks for为…而感谢
⑴ ______ inviting me to your birthday party .
thanks to 多亏/由于
⑵______ your help .I got good grades .
3 . 感叹句 :多么… what + 名词
how + 形容词 / 副词
⑴. ______ bad weather ! ⑵. ______ hard he works !
⑶. ______ fresh vegetables ! ⑷. ______ cute a monkey it is !
4 . 因为、由于 : because( 连词 ) +从句: ( 表示原因 )
because of(介词短语) + 名词(短语 )= thanks to
⑴ I didn’t go to school ______ I had a headache .
He was late for class ______ the bad weather .
He can’t come _____ he is ill .
Many people have a cold _____ the cold weather .
※because和 so不能同时连用 .
5 . 来自 : be from = come from
⑴ Where are you from ? = Where ______ you ______ ______ ?
⑵ He is from Tibet . = He ______ ______ Tibet .
6 . How often 对频率提问 ( 多久一次) →回答用表示频率的副词或短语
How long 对一段时间提问 (多久 ) →回答用表示一段时间的状语
How soon 对将来时间提问 ( 多久 ) →回答用 in+时间段
How far 询问多长距离(多长)
⑴- ______ have you been collecting the kites ? -For ten years .
⑵- ______ do you go shopping ? -Sometimes.
⑶ - ______ will your father come back ? - In two years .
⑷- _____ do you exercise ? - Once a week .
⑸- _____ is it from your home to school ? - About ten miles .
⑹- _____ are you staying there ? - Two weeks .
7 . 乘交通工具 : take a / the +交通工具 在句中作谓语
by+交通工具=on a 交通工具在句中作方式状语
交通工具有:train/bus/car/taxi/boat/subway/plane…
⑴ He takes a bus to bank .= He goes to bank by bus . = He goes to bank on a bus .
⑵ I walk to school . = I go to school ______ .
※ 骑自行车、马或驴用ride : ride one’s bike / ride a horse / ride a donkey in one’s car
8 . 对不起 : Excuse me (劳驾,客套话 )
Sorry ( 表示道歉 )
⑴ ______ .Where is Tianfu Square in Chengdu ?
⑵–Would you mind cleaning your room ? - ______ . I’ll do it right away .
⑶- Don’t eat in class . - _____ . Ms Clark .
⑷ _____ , is this the way to the station ?
9 . 声音 : sound ( 自然界各种声音 )
noise(噪音)
voice(悦耳的声音:嗓子)
⑴Lucy has a sweet ______ . ⑵That ______ like a good idea .
⑶Don’t make ______ . The baby is sleeping .
10 . look like (外貌看起来像… )
be like ( 性格像… )
⑴ Lily _____ _____ Lucy . Oh , they are twins .
⑵ Tony ______ ______ a monkey because he is cute and playful .
11 . take… to … 带去
bring…to …带来
fetch 没有方向性(强调来回)
⑴ Tony . ______ the ball here .Please .
⑵ My father often ______ me ______ concerts on Sundays .
⑶ ______ your homework _____ school tomorrow .
12. 一些 : some 用于肯定句
any 用于否定句和疑问句
⑴ I’d like ______ milk .
⑵ –Would you like ______ yogurt ?
_ Thanks . I don’t want ______ .
※ 在一般疑问句中,认为对方的答案会是肯定的,或期望得到对方肯定回答时,也用some .
13. 多少 : How many修饰可数名词复数
How much 修饰不可数名词
⑴ ______ juice do you want ? ⑵ ______ apples do you want ?
⑶- ______is the T-shirt ? –It’s 30 yuan .
※ How much可对价钱提问:How much are the potatoes ?
14. 看 :see 强调看的结果
look ( at ) 不及物动词,强调看的动作
watch 观看:比赛、电视、表演、电影
read 读,朗读:看书、看报、看信、看杂志
⑴Don’t______ in bed .
⑵ We will ______ a basketball game this evening .
⑶ Please ______ the blackboard . Everyone .
⑷ I ______ a bird in the tree yesterday .
※On Saturday night . I saw an interesting talk show .
On Saturday evening . several kids watched a movie . watch a movie =go to a movie
15. stop doing sth 停止做某事 → Please stop talking .
stop to do sth 停下来去做别的事
⑴ The girl soon stopped ______ (cry ) . ⑵ He was tired and stopped ______ (have ) a rest .
16. forget / remember后接不定式表示未发生的动作:
△forget / remember to do sth(忘记/记得去做某事)→ He forgot to turn off the light .(没有做关灯的动作) Remember to go to the post office after school .
forget / remember 后接ving表示已发生的动作:
△forget / remember doing sth(忘记/记得做过某事)→ He forgot turningoff the light .(已做过关灯的动作) Don’t you remember seeing the man before ?
17. 到达… reach + 地点
get to + 地点 reach = get to
arrive + in + 大地点
arrive + at + 小地点
⑴ He reached London yesterday . = He ______ to London yesterday . = He ______ in London yesterday .
⑵ She arrived ______ the bus station just now . ⑶ You should ______ ( get ) home on time .
※ 当get to和 arrive at /in后接地点副词时,都不加介词。如:get home get there 省略 to
18. 擅长,在…方面做得好 : be good at = do well in .
⑴ She is good at chemistry . = She ______ ______ ______ chemistry .
⑵ Niuniu is good at ______ the violin . = Niuniu ______ well in ______ the violin .
⑶ Lucy and Lily are twin girls .Lucy is better ______ dancing than Lily .but Lily _____ ______ in singing than Lucy .
19. win ( 赢得 )接a game、 war 、a match、 a prize
beat( 打败、战胜 )接运动员、球队、对手等。
⑴ Which team ______ the football match ?
⑵ Wang Hao ______ Ma Lin and ______ the champion of the Men’s Singles .
20. 借 borrow sth . from sb = borrow sb . sth 向某人借某物→ borrow借入
lend sth . to sb = lend sb . sth把某物借给某人 → lend 借出
keep延续性动词 ,与一段时间连用。
⑴ Can you lend me your bike ? = Can you ______ your bike ______ me ?
⑵ You can borrow some money ____ your brother . = You can borrow yourbrother ____ ____.
⑶ - How long can I ______ the book ?
- You can _____ it for two weeks .
※ 类似用法的还有:buy — have put on — wear become — be
leave — be away from open — be open begin — be on
die — be dead return — be back
① become He has ______ a doctor .
He has ______ a doctor for 10 years .
② begin The film has ______ .
The film has _________ for ten minutes .
21. 能,会。be able to
can
※ 情态动词后面都接动词原形。
⑴ We should ______ able to finish the work tomorrow .
⑵ I can ______ (play) the guitar .⑶ He ______ able to play chess .
22. too many 太多 — 修饰可数名词复数→ I have too many rules in my house .
too much 太多 — 修饰不可数名词→ Maybe you have too much yin .
much too太— 后跟形容词或副词原级→ This coat is much too expensive .
⑴ Eating _____ ______ is bad for your health .
⑵ It’s ______ ______cold today . You’d better not go out .
⑶There are______ ______ students in the hallways . It’s dangerous .
23. have / has been to 去过某地 →He has been to Beijing . (现在不在北京)
have / has gone to 去了某地 →He has gone to Beijing . (现在可能在北京,或在去北京的途中)
have/hasbeen in / at在某地
⑴I have ever _______ ______ America twice .
⑵ He has ______ ______ Beijing for ten years .
⑶– Where is your brother ?
- He______ ______ to Hainan .
⑷ _____ you ever ______ ______ Disneyland ?
24. used to do sth .过去常做某事→ This river used to be very clean .
be(get)used to doing sth .习惯于做某事 → I’m not used to getting up early .
be used to do sth = be used for doing sth . 被用于做某事→ Pens are used for writing .
⑴ XiaoGang ______ ______ ______ afraid of the dark .
⑵ Thebroom is ______ ______ clean the room . = The broom is ______ ______ cleaning the room .
⑶ He ______ ______ ______ living countryside .There is fresh air and sweet well .
⑷ Wood _____ _____ _____ making paper .
25. belong to + 名词 / 人称代词宾格 (属于)
be + 名词所有格 / 名词性物主代词 (是)
⑴It must ______ Ning’s .= It must _________ Ning .
⑵ The pencil must be ______ (my) . = The pencil must belong to ______ (my) .
⑶ This ball ______ to me .= This ball is ______ .
26. can’t 不可能 0
表示推测、判断 could/might 也许、可能 50﹪— 80﹪
must 肯定、一定 100﹪
⑴ The CD _____ belong to Tony . because he likes listening to music .
⑵ The notebook ______ be mine .It has my name on it .
⑶ The toy ______ be my grandpa . After all .He is an old man .
27. be made from (由…制成)看不出原材料
be made of (由…制成)看得出原材料
⑴ The table ______ ______ ______ wood .
⑵ Paper ______ ______ ______ wood .
28. prefer to do sth 宁愿做某事
prefer sth . to sth . 喜欢…而不喜欢…
prefer doing sth . to doing sth . 喜欢做…而不喜欢做…
⑴ I prefer ______ (swim) to ______ (play) balls . ⑵ He _______ fish to beef .
⑶ I prefer to ______ (walk) to work .
29. 一些表示人的情感或情绪的形容词 : —ed 修饰人
—ing 修饰物
⑴ I want to go somewhere ______ (relaxing/relaxed) .
⑵ She is ______ in this ______ history story . (interesting/interested )
※ interesting(有趣的) — interested(感兴趣的) tiring(累人的)— tired(累的,疲倦的)
boring (令人无聊的)— bored(无聊的)exciting(令人兴奋的)— excited(激动的)
surprising(令人惊讶的) — surprised(惊讶的)
relaxing(令人放松的) — relaxed(放松的)
embarrassing (令人尴尬的;令人为难的) — embarrassed (尴尬的;为难的)
30. the number of + 名词复数(…的数量)作主语, 谓语用单数。
a number of + 名词复数 (许多、一些)= many
⑴ The number of students in our class______ 80 .
⑵ ______ number of students are in Helin Middle School .
31. for + 一段时间
since + 时间点/过去时的句子
⑴ We have been studying English ______ three years .
⑵ He has been staying here ______ he was five years old . .
⑶ We haven’t seen each other ______ ten years ago .
※ for和 since 可以相互转换。如:Jenny has been collecting coins for several years .= Jenny has been collecting coins since several years ______ .
32. 除…之外 except (不包括在内)→ Everyone could answer this question except Jim .
besides (包括在内)→There are three girls besides me .
⑴ We all passed the exam ______ Li Yang .
⑵ Many other students like basketball ______ Guo Xiaojun .
33. already 用于肯定句中(已经)
yet 用于疑问句末(已经)
用于否定句末(还)
⑴ Have you seen the film ______ ? ⑵ I haven’t locked the door ______ .
⑶ Mom has _______ watered the flowers .
34. 否定祈使句 Don’t + v.
No + v.ing / n.
⑴ Don’t smoke here . = ______ ______ here . ⑵ Don’t take photos. = ______ ______ .#p#副标题#e#
35. 也 too 放肯定句末和疑问句末→Do you play soccer every day , too ?
either 放否定句末
also 放肯定句中
※ also放在实意动词前,be之后。
⑴ She is a girl . I am a girl .______ . ⑵ He ______ likes collecting things .
⑶ Lily doesn’t like junk food . Her good friend doesn’t like it . _______ .
⑷ - I like soap operas . –I do , _____ .
⑸ - I can’t watch TV on school nights . –I can’t , _____ .
36. be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格
be strict in sth . 对某事要求严格
Miss Zhang _____ _____ _____ her work and she _____ _____ _____ her students .
37. 需要做某事 need to do sth 主语是人
need doing sth 主语是物
⑴ The classroom _____ cleaning . It’s too dirty . ⑵ Children _____ to sleep a lot .
⑶ It’s very hot and dry . You need ______(wear)cool clothes and the flowers need ______ (water) .
38. through →介词: 从内部穿过 (park)
across →介词:从表面穿过
cross →动词(road. street. bridge)
⑴ Be careful when you ______ the street . ⑵ The manwent______ the forest .
⑶ The train goes ______ the tunnel(隧道). ⑷He swam _____ the river .
⑸ We drove _____ the desert (沙漠) . ⑹Take a walk _____ the park on Center Avenue .
39. Why don’t you do sth = Why not do sth .
提建议的方式 How /what about doing sth .
Let’s do sth .
⑴ Why don’t you have a cup of tea ? = _____ _____ have a cup of tea ?
⑵ Let’s _____ (go) out for a walk . ⑶ How about _____ (practice) conversations ?
40. So + 助/系/情态 + 主语 表示肯定意义(…也是如此)
Neither + 助/系/情态 + 主语 表示否定意义(…也不)
※ 它们都属于倒装句。
⑴ My mother didn’t go to school .______ ______ my father .
⑵ James comes from theUSA .______ ______ Tom .
⑶ My pen pal can speak Japanese . ______ ______ I . = Me ______ .
⑷ My sister isn’t outgoing . ______ ______ I .= Me ______ .
41. both 两者都
all三者或三者以上都
⑴ The twins _____ are good students .
⑵ There are lots of colorful flowers on _____ sides of the streets .
⑶ There are five people in my family . We ______ like playing sports . My parents ______ love us . We are very happy .
42. alone 单独,独自一人 →He is alone at home .
lonely 孤独的,寂寞的。有一定的感情色彩 →He lives a lonely life in the country .
⑴ Sometimes he feels quite _____ because he has no friends .
⑵ She lives _____ in that large house .
43 in the tree 外来的→I saw a cat in the tree .
on the tree 长在树上的→There are many apples on the tree .
⑴ How many monkeys can you see _____ the tree ?
⑵ There are a lot of bananas_____ the tree .
44. in the wall 指在墙体内
on the wall 指在墙体表面
⑴ There is a map _____ the wall .
⑵ There is a door _____ the wall .
45. on the bed 指物品在床上→My bag is on the bed .
in bed 指人躺在床上→Lily is ill in bed .
⑴ There is a jacket ___________ .
⑵ I have to be ________ by ten o’clock .
46. 引导结果状语从句:so和such(如此…以至于…)
so是副词,后接adj和adv .句型:
△so+adj/adv+that从句→He worked so hard that he got the first prize .
△so+adj+a(n)+n.+that从句 = such+a(n)+adj+n.+that从句→That was so interesting a story that I read it twice .= That was such an interesting story that I read it twice .
such是形容词,后接n.句型:
△such+a(n)+adj+n.+that从句→He is such a hard-working student that all the teachers love him .
△such+pl./不可数n+that从句→It is such good weather that we can go swimming .
⑴ He runs ____fast ____ we can’catch him . ⑵ Lili is ____a kind girl ____we all love her .
⑵ Tom is ____ a clever boy that he can answer the question .= Tom is ____ clever a boy that he can answer the question .
⑶ The box is _____ heavy _____ I can’t carry it .
※ 在名词前有many / much / few / little这些词修饰时,要用so…that 。so…that句型的否定形式可用简单句too…to或not…enough to代替。如:
He is so young that he can’t go to school .
= He is too young to go to school .
= He is not old enough to go to school .
47. 引导时间状语从句 :
when + 延续性/短暂性动词→When I was watching TV , he came in . = When he came in , I was watching TV .
while+延续性动词(多用进行时)→While I was in Shanghai ,I visited him .
⑴ _____ he was sleeping . Someone knocked at the door .= He was sleeping _____ someone knocked at the door .
⑵ _____ the boy heard his mother’s voice , he stopped crying .
⑶ My mother was cooking _____ I was doing my homework ..
48. at the age of 和 when 引导的时间状语可以互换。
I began to play football when I was five years old . = I began to play football ________ ____ ____ five .
49. instead 放句首、句末
instead of + n/pron/ving = rather than .
⑴ I will go to see her ______ you . ⑵ He doesn’t like beer .give him coke ______ .
⑶ We often sing English song ______ reading aloud .
50. be famous as (作为…而知名) as + 职业/身份/地位→Yi Yuchun is famous as a super girl .
be famous for (以…而著名) for + 出名的原因→Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake .
⑴ Li Bai is famous ______ a poet . ⑵ Jackie Chan ia famous ______ his action movies .
⑶ France ia famous _____its fine food and wine .
51. 看起来像是…似乎/好像… (sb/sth) seems to do sth
It seems that +从句
⑴ It _____ _____ he feels very sad . = He _____ _____ _____ very sad .
⑵ She seems to want to have a drink .= _____ _____ that she _____ to have a drink .
52. “疑问词 + 动词不定式” 与“宾语从句”的互换 。
⑴ I will show you where you should go .= I will show you _____ _____ _____ .
⑵ Idon’t know what to do . = I don’t know what _____ . A should I do B I should do
⑶ Could you tell me how I can get to Summer Palace ?= Could you tell me how _____ _____ _____ Summer Palace ?
※ 宾语从句应该用陈述语序。如:Could you please tell me ____ ____ ____ ____ (天气如何)in Chongqi ?
53. 问题/难题 question 由于疑惑不解而提出的问题,多和ask / answer搭配使用。
problem指有待解决的较难的问题或物理/数学方面的题等,多与solve / work out 搭配。
⑴ Please answer my ________ in English . ⑵ I can’t work out this maths _______.
⑶ This is a difficult _______ to answer .
54. family家/家庭(强调家庭成员,与居住的房子无关)→My family are kind people .
home 家(指人出生或居住的地方,带有一定感情色彩)→Welcome to my home .
house 房子/住宅(居住的建筑物)→They moved to their new house last year .
⑴ How many people are there in your _____? ⑵ I want to save money and buy a big ____ .
⑶ I love Chengdu , I looked Chengdu as my ______ .
55. in front of (在…前面) 在某一范围以外的前面→There is a tall tree in front of our classroom .
in the front of (在…前部) 在某一范围内的前面→Two personsare sitting in the front of the car .
⑴ The policeman stands ____________ the car . ⑵ The driver sits ____________ the car .
56. 在晚上,在夜里 at night
on + a + adj + night
⑴ You shouldn’t go out _____ night . ⑵ He met a thief _____ a cold night .
57. 在…之间 between (两者之间)多与and连用。
among(三者或三者以上的人或物之间)
⑴ She is sitting ______ Lucy and Lily . ⑵ He built a house ______ the trees .
58. sometimes 不时;有时(是一般现在时的标志词)→Sometimes I go to school by bus .
some times 几次(此时time是可数名词,意为“次数”)→He has been to Shanghai some times .
sometime 某个时间(表示在过去或将来的某个时候)→ I saw him sometime last year .
some time 一段时间(此时time是不可数名词)→ He will stay here for some time .
⑴ We are going to have a party ________ next week .⑵ _______ the boy is late for school .
⑶ He spent _________ in cutting hair .So he missed the early bus .
⑷ Li Jun has been to Bird’s Nest _________ .
59. wear + 衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等(强调状态)→Our teacher often wears a pair of glasses .
put on +衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等(强调动作)→Kate puts on her hat and goes out .
be in + 颜色/服饰(强调状态)→The girl in red is my sister .
dress + 人/反身代词 (给某人穿) →She dresses her daughter every morning .
⑴ You’d better ______ your coat . ⑵ She was _______ a flower in her hair .
⑶ The boy ______ white is my friend . ⑷ He is too young to ______ himself .
⑸ Miss Li often _____ the white sports shoes .
※ dress当表示状态时常用be dressed in + 衣物(穿着…颜色的衣服)→He is dressed in a black coat .他常穿着黑色的外套。
60. play + 球类、棋类名词(不加the )play badminton / play chess / play computer games
play the +乐器名词。(必须加the) play the violin
⑴ - Do you like to play ______ football after class , Li Lei ?
- Yes ,I do . A .a B .the C . /
⑵ Sam can’t play ________ (piano), but he can play ________ (chess) .
61. There be 强调“某处有…”
have 强调“某人有…”
⑴ ________ two computers in the room . ⑵ My uncle _______ a car .
※ 当表示整体与局部的关系时,there be与have可互换使用。如:There are twelve months in a year .= A year has twelve months . 一年有十二个月。
62. speak 指说话的能力,也可表示“演讲、发言”。其后可以接语言类词汇。
say强调说的内容。say sth .to sb .→Please say hello to him .
talk指相互之间的谈话。talk to / with sb表示与某人交谈,talk about sb / sth 表示“谈论某人 /某事”。 →She is talking with her boss .
tell侧重指“告诉”,后接双宾语或复合宾语:tell sb .sth. → Please tell me the time .
tell sb (not) . to do sth .→ She told me to wait for her .
※ tell可以和lie , story 搭配。如: tell a lie / tell a story / tell a joke / tell a truth .
⑴ From his face we could see that he was _____ a lie . ⑵ She is ______ at the meeting .
⑶ Fangfang _____ she is at home . ⑷ They are ______ about the weather .
⑸ He can’t _____ it in French , but he can _____ English .
63. if引导条件状语从句 真实条件状语从句 — 主句是将来时,从句用现在时代替将来。
虚拟条件状语从句 — 虚拟语气
⑴ If I _____ (be) a bird , I would ______ (fly) in the sky .
⑵ If it _______ (not) rain ,We will climb the hill .
⑶ If I _____ (win) a million dollars , I would ______ (travel) around the world .
⑷ If he _____ (study) hard , he will get good grades .
64. 强调动作 强调结果
找 look for寻找 find找到
看 look (at)看 see看见
听 listen (to)听 hear听见
look for / find
⑴ I am _______ my watch , but I can’t _______ it anywhere .
look at / see
⑴ Please _______ your books , boys and girls . ⑵ ______ ! What a playful monkey it is !
listen to / hear
⑴ Don’t shout ! I can _______ you .
⑵ Ann likes _______ music with her friends on weekends .
65. ago 副词,“以前”,一段时间后接ago .
before“以前”,可以用在现在完成时的句子中,还可以是连词,“在…以前”。
⑴ I have never been there _______ .
⑵ Please call me ______ you go .
⑶ My brother joined the army two years ______ .
⑷ Long long ______ , There was seven dwarfs(小矮人)in the forest .
66. 别的,其他的other 修饰名词,用于名词前。→What other animals do you like ?
else修饰不定代词/疑问代词/疑问副词,放它们的后面。→What else do you have to do ?
⑴You’d better ask some ______ people .
⑵ There is nothing _____ on the desk .
67. every day 每天,作状语。
everyday日常的,作定语。
⑴ We go to school at 7:00 ________ .
⑵ What’s your ______ activity ?
68. happen 主要指偶然发生的事
take place 表示预先决定的事
※ happen 和take place都不用于被动语态
⑴ A traffic accident _______ yesterday .
⑵ The May Fourth Movement (五四运动) _________ in 1919 .
69. one …the other 一个…另一个
some …others 一些…另一些 (另一些并不包括全部)
some …the others一些…其他的(其他的包括剩下的全部)
⑴ I have two brothers, _____ is a teacher , _______ is a doctor .
⑵ _____ students are in the classroom , ________ are out .
⑶ At the party , ______ are dancing , ______ are singing
70. be alive 作后置定语
living + n. 作前置定语
The old man is a great and ______ scientist .He is still ______ .
71. on one’s + 序数词 + birthday (在某人几岁生日时)
in one’s + 整十的基数词的复数 (在某人几十多岁时)
⑴ Edisoninvented many things in his _______ (twenty) .
⑵ On my ______ (twenty) birthday . I got a newmobile phone .
72. till = until (直到) “延续性动词(肯定式)+ until”译为“直到…为止”
“瞬间性动词/延续性动词的否定式not + until”译为“直到…才”
⑴ He waited until ten o’clock .翻译:____________________
⑵ He didn’t go to bed until he had finished his work . 翻译:____________________
73. 疑问句+ ever = no matter + 疑问句 →引导让步状语从句:whatever = no matter what (无论什么) whenever = no matter when (无论何时) whoever = no matter who (无论谁)
wherever = no matter where (无论在哪里) however = no matter how(无论如何)
74. 数词 - 名词 - (形容词) 复合形容词作定语
数词 + 名词复数
⑴ He is a two-year-old boy . = The boy is two _____ old .
⑵ Look ! This is a ______ buildings .A 70-floors B 70-floor C 70 floors
⑶ We have ______ (两天) holiday .
⑷ Twelve-year-olds should be allowed to choose their own clothes .
※ Twelve-year-olds 表示一类人。(12岁的人)
75. agree with sb .同意某人的意见→ I don’t agree with you .
agree to sth .同意某人的建议/办法/计划等 → He agreed to my plan .
76. believe 表示相信某人的话→ I believe you .= I believe that you say .
believe in表示信任,相信···的存在 → I believe ib that man . / Believe in God .相信上帝的存在。
77. run out不及物动词短语,指物用完,用光 → My money has run out .
run out of及物动词短语,指人用完,用光了物→ I have run out of my money .
78. maybe = perhaps或许/可能.副词,在句中作状语→ Maybe he will come here tomorrow .
may be 或许/可能,may是情态动词,在句中作谓语→ He may be from the USA ,too .
※ maybe 和may be 可以互换:Maybe you are right . =You may be right .
79. fist = first of all 第一,首先。强调事情发展的顺序 → First I had to decide what to wear .
at first = at the beginning 起初,起先。表示一件事情的开始阶段→ I didn’t like this job at first .
80. 表示时间的介词
in表示一段时间或较长时间 → in the morning / afternoon / eveningin May ,2010
on指在星期/具体某一天或特指某一天的上/下/晚上 → on Monday /on Children’sday /on Monday afternoon / on school nights
at表示点时间或较短的时间 → at 8:00 / at noon / at night
以上就是读文网小编为大家带来的2016中考英语重点短语用法总结,欢迎大家学习!
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下面是小编整理的一些关于which 在定语从句中的用法, 希望能帮助大家更好地认识with这个单词,学好英语。
1. 引导限制性定语从句
A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.
商店应存有最畅销的货物。
This is the family which is planning to move to the party.
这是要搬进城里的一家。
2. 引导非限制性定语从句。
( 1 )用来指代一个句子。
Internet is so interesting, which makes all possible happen.
因特网是如此有趣,它使任何事都有可能发生。
( 2 )用来指代句子的一部分。
When deep in thought, which he often was, he would forget all around him.
他常常陷入沉思,这时他就会忘掉周围的一切。
( 3 )如果要引导两个非限制性定语从句,第二个 which 前要加 and. He bought a book, which was written by LuXun, and which he decided to give to his friend. 他买了本鲁迅写的书,他决定送给朋友。
3. 名词+ of + which (= of which +名词= whose + 名词)通常放在先行词的后面。
I'd like a room the window of which looks out over the sea. / I'd like a room of which the window looks out over the sea. / I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 我要一间窗户面临大海的房间。
4. 介词+ which 的替代作用。
( 1 )作时间状语替代 when 。
There used to be a time at which / during which ( = when ) the Chinese people struggled for freedom. 中国人曾有一段为自由而斗争的日子。
( 2 )作地点状语替代 where 。 This is the office in which ( = where ) I used to work. 这是我过去工作过的办公室。
( 3 )作原因状语替代 why 。 I'd like you to explain the reason for which (= why ) you were absent. 我想让你解释一下缺席的原因。
( 4 )作方式状语替代 that 或省略。
There are many ways in which (= that / 省略) we can solve the problem. 解决这个问题有很多方法。
5. which, when, where 关系词的选择。 关系副词 when 与 where 用于引导定语从句时,往往修饰句中表示地点或时间的名词。但是,有时候在表示时间或地点的名词后面却不能用 when 或 where ,而该用 which 或 that 。
Is this the factory which / that produces all kinds of washing machines? ( which / that 在定语从句中作主语,指代前面的 the factory )这就是生产各种洗衣机的那家工厂吗?
I often think of the days which / that we spent together on the seaside. ( which / that 在定语从句中作宾语,指代 the days ,此时可省略。)我经常想起我们一起在海滩度过的日子。
The river where I used to swim is now seriously polluted. ( where 在定语从句中作状语, where = in which = in the river )我过去常去游泳的那条河现在已被严重地污染了。
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. ( when 在定语从句中作状语, when = on which = on the day )我仍然记得我第一次来北京的日子。 总结:在表示时间或地点的名词后面,选择何种关系词,应看它们在从句中的作用,即在从句中充当什么成份。如果在定语从句中充当时间或地点状语,就该用 when 或 where ;如果在定语从句中充当主语或宾语等,则应用 which / that 。
6. 引导非限制性定语从句关系代词 which, as 的选择。
关系代词 as 与 which 引导非限制性定语从句时可以用整个句子作为先行词,指代上文或下文所说的一件事。
He said he'd been working in the office for an hour, which / as was true.
他说他一直在办公室工作了一个小时,这是真的。#p#副标题#e#
总结:
( 1 ) Which 指前面主句所提到的这件事,常译为“这件事,这一点”等; as 具有“正如、像、由„„而知、与„„一致”的意思。
He was elected mayor of the city, which made us happy.
他被选为这个市的市长,这使我们很高兴。
As we expected, he didn't appear at the party.
正如我们所预料,他没有在聚会上出现。
( 2 ) Which 在句法上一般用作实义动词的主语,这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系;句法上, as 常作一些实义动词(如 see, know, report, watch, remember, say, tell, show, expert, guess 等)的宾语。
I bought my sister a big toy, which ( = and that ) delighted her greatly.
我给妹妹买了一个大玩具,这使她非常高兴。
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
众所周知,月球每个月环绕地球运行一次。
( 3 ) which 引导的非限定性定语从句位置比较固定,通常位于句末,不可移至句首;而 as 所引导的非限定性定语从句的位置比较灵活,可以位于句末,也可以位于句首或句中。
Taiwan is a beautiful island, as (= which ) we know.
正如我们所知,台湾是一个美丽的岛屿。
As (不用 Which ) he realized, I was very useful to him.
他意识到我对他很有用。
Mary, as we had expected, passed the exam.
正如我们所预料, Mary 通过了考试。
( 4 )当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或从句谓语动词接了一个复合宾语结构时,一般用 which 而不用 as 。
He pretended not to know me, which I didn't understand. 他假装不认识我,我真不明白为什么。
He admires everyone in the class, which I find quite strange. 他羡慕班里的每个学生,我觉得很奇怪。
( 5 )不能省去非限定性定语从句中的 be 动词时,用 which (反之则用 as )。
Jane told me she won the match, which was a lie.
简告诉我她赢得了比赛,这是谎话。( was 不可省略) As (was)planned, we met at the airport. 正如计划那样,我们在飞机场见面了。( was 可省略)
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下面是小编总结的一些介词of用法,以供大家学习参考。
英语介词of用法总结:
The island of Hong Kong is a great trading centre. 香港这个岛屿是一个重要的贸易中心。
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下面是小编整理的一些关于which在定语从句中的用法, 希望对大家有帮助。
关系代词(基本上除了when, where, why, how以外都叫关系代词……)whom, which在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,可以跟介词一起放在主句和从句之间;当先行词指人时,介词后的关系代词用whom, 其余用which,这时的关系代词不能省略。含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在动词的后面。
例句:his is the book (which / that) I'm looking for. 这就是我在找的那本书。
在这类定语从句中,介词的选择一般根据动词的需要。
例如 This is the house in which my family lived during the war.
这个句子中从句"which my family lived"中的动词是live,你不能说live
house吧,只能说live in house,这里live和in搭配所以which前就要家in.
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什么是英语中祈使句?英语祈使句是用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。今天读文网小编在这里为大家介绍英语祈使句用法总结,欢迎大家阅读!
由"let"带头的祈使句(Imperative Sentences)是个常见的动词句型,它的主要用法有下列三种:
1.表示“建议”。
这个句型里的"let"后头紧跟着一个第一人称的代词宾语,如:
(1) Let me try.
(2) Let's do it.
(3) Let me go and look for it.
这个句型语气委婉,比直接的祈使句客气。试比较(4)a和(4)b:
(4) a. Don't disturb him.
b. Let's not disturb him.
(a)是直接命令,语气强烈,不如(b)温柔悦耳。
2.表示“间接命令”或“愿望”。
这句型里的动词宾语是第三人称名词或代词,如:
(5) Let Robert take charge of the marketing department.
(6) Let her join our choir.
3.表示“警告”、“蔑视”、“威胁”等。
这种祈使句里的宾语也是第三人称为主。除了口气凶悍之外,有时还语带讽刺,如:
(7) Let him try and he will expose his inability to work on his own.
(8) Let the invaders come and our armed forces will wipe them out in no time.
用"let"的祈使句时,必须注意下列几点:
一、"let" 的否定句有二。如果宾语是第三人称用"Don't let....."(见例(9));如果宾语是第一人称,则用"Let......not" (见例(10)):
(9) Don't let this type of things happen again.
(10) It's raining now. Let's not go out until after the rain.
二、"Let"只适用于现在时态,可以有被动语态 (the passive voice),如:
(11) Let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison.
(12) Let all the dedicated capable staff be promoted.
三、"Let"后头除了是不带"to"的不定式动词 (The infinitive without"to")之外,还可以是某些适当的副词,如out, in, down, alone等:
(13) Let the puppy out.
(14) Open the windows and let the fresh air in.
(15) The room is too sunny. Let the blinds down.
(16) Let me alone, please.
四、用"Let's"时,把谈话者的对象包括在内;用"Let us"时,并不包括对方,如:
(17) Let's try it, shall we?
(18) Let us do it by ourselves, will you?
从(17)里的"shall we"和(18)里的"will you",不难知道前者包括听话人,后者并没有。祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等等。谓语动词一律用原形。句子中通常不用主语,句末用惊叹号或者句号,用降调。
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