为您找到与英语国家文学概论相关的共200个结果:
下面是读文网小编整理的英语国家概况:美国政治, 希望对大家有帮助。
6)Powers of the Senate: the Senate has the power to①introduced legislation on any subject exceptrevenue bills (除了税收法案). It has the authority to②confirm or reject predidential appointments(总统任命) of high officials as well as the U.S. foreigntreaties. ③Its chairman is the Vice President.
参议院权利:1立法除税收。还有一些特殊权利:2批准或否决总统任命的高级官员及外交条约;领导人是副总统。
7)The judicial system has evolved into the presentstructure: According to the Constitution, the judicialpower of the U.S shall be vested in one SupremeCourt. The judicial system has evolved into the present structure: the Supreme Court, 11 courtof appeals, 91 district courts, and 3 courts of special jurisdiction. U.S.judges are appointed bythe President and confirmed by the Senate.
根据宪法规定,美国的司法权属于最高法院,司法体系结构为:最高法院,11个上诉法院,91个地方法院,3个有特殊司法权的法院,美国的法官是由总统任命并由参议院批准的。
8)The two-party system and the characteristics of the two major parties
①the two-party system:the two party system means that the two major political parties — nowthe Democrats and the Republicans — compete with each other to dominate politics at thefederal, state, and local levels.
两党制意味着两个主要的政党—目前为民主党和共和党—支配着联邦、州及地方的政治舞台。
②the characteristics of the two major parties:The two major parties are not very differenttoday. They are two coalitions of interests and interest groups(利益集团的联合). There is no strictparty discipline(党纪). One does not have to apply or go through necessary formalities tobecome a member of either party. But there are some differences between them. TheDemocrats traditionally favour government intervention (主张政府干涉经济)while theRepublicans stress the role of the market (市场作用)more. On social issue the Democratssupport a strong social security system (社会安全保障体制) while the Republicans oppose largegovernmental social security programs. In spite of these differenes, the two parties bothbelieve in individualism, defend capitalism and uphold private ownership of means ofproduction(坚持生产资料私有制) .
两个主要政党今天并没有实质区别。他们是利益集团的联合。没有严格的党纪。要想成为某党成员,不需要申请或办理必要的手续。但他们有所不同。民主党主张政府干涉,共和党则强调市场作用。在社会问题上,民主党支持建立强大的社会保障体系,而共和党反对大规模的政府社会保障计划。尽管存在这些区别,两党都信仰个人主义,保护资本主义制度,维护生产资料私有制。
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下面是读文网小编整理的英语国家概况:The U.S. Economy美国经济,欢迎大家阅读!
1)Factors that contribute to the fast growth ofthe economy:
①the geographical location of the United Statespovides very good conditions for the country to growand become strong.
②the United States has been blessed by being a landrich in mineral resources and fertile farm soil,together with a moderate climate.
③America has been fortunate in having enough people to provide the labour necessary for aconstantly expanding economy.
④the quality of available labour. The United States has a skilful and willing labour force.
经济快速增长的几个因素:
1.美国的地理位置为国家的发展壮大提供了良好的条件;
2.美国有幸是一块矿产资源丰富、土壤肥沃的陆地,气候温和;
3.拥有足够的劳动力以满足不断发展的经济增长;
4.这些劳动力的质量。美国拥有技术高和能动性好的劳动力大军。
2)Characteristics of the U.S. economy:
characterised by a high degree of monopoly.
经济特征:已高度垄断为特点。
3)the importance of foreign trade:
the United States supplies a larger share of the imports of all other countries than does anyother country in the world. But the U.S. share of the world trade has declined in recent years.
①Currently US exports are about 15% of the world's total;
②the US imports about 13% of all world imports;
③Canada is the largest single source of goods imported by the U.S., accounting for nearly 30%of the total. Asia provides about 18% of American imports. Thus the economy of these countriesis often affected when the U.S. economy is in trouble.
美国进口的商品比世界任何国家都多。但最近几年比例有所下降。1.美国出口量占全世界出口总数的15%;2.美国的进口占13%左右;3.加拿大是最大的供应国,占总数的近30%。亚洲占18%左右。因此,一旦美国经济陷入困境,这些国家也会受到影响。
4)problems facing the US economy:
unemployment, inflation, financial deficit, and trade deficit.
经济存在的问题:失业,通货膨胀,财政赤字和贸易赤字。
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下面是读文网小编整理英语国家概况:美国文学精讲,欢迎大家阅读!
Literature,Architecture and Music 文学,建筑和音乐
1)Major American Writers and their works
① Bejamin Franklin(1706-1790)本杰明.富兰克林: theonly writer in the colonial period. Works: PoorRichard'S Almanac, which is an annual collection ofproverbs.
殖民地时期的作家。作品:《穷理查年鉴》,一本年度谚语集。
② Washington Irving(1803-1882) 华盛顿 欧文: AHistory of New Youk纽约外史; The Sketch Book最著名的作品为《见闻札记》,his most famous book, contians “Rip Van Winkle”《瑞普.凡.温克尔》and“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”《睡谷的传说》
③Ralph Waldo Emerson(1803-1882) 爱默生:the leader of the movement oftranscendentalism.超验 主义运动的领导者Works:Nature,(论自然) Self-reliance(论自助),Representative Men(代表人物), English Traits and Poems (英国人的性格和诗).
③ Nathaniel Hawthorne(1804-1864) 霍桑:The Scarlet Letter红字
⑤Mark Twain1835-1910)马克吐温: The Celebrated Jumping Frog(《著名的跳蛙》,成名之作) ;The Adventures of Tom Sawyer(a boy book)汤姆.索亚历险记; The Adventures of HuckleberryFinn(his master work)哈克贝利.芬历险记,则是他最杰出著作; Atramp Abroad浪迹海外, Life on theMississippi密西西比河上, The Golded Age 镀金时代and Innocents Abroad异乡奇遇。
⑥Walt Whitman(1819-1892) 沃尔特. 惠特曼: the first to explore fully the possibilities of freeverse(探索自由诗体可能性的第一人). Leaves of Grass(his masterpiece)草叶集, EmilyDickinson(1830-1886) 艾米丽. 狄更生:Death was one of the great themes of her work死亡是她作品的重要主题之一
⑦Theordor Dreiser(1871-1945)西奥多.德莱塞: the representative of naturalists in whose worksreported truthfully and objectively the life in the slums.自然主义代表,在他们的作品里对贫民窟的生活进行了真实而客观的报道。 Works:Trilogy of Desire(欲望三部曲); An American Tragedy(美国的悲剧—被公认为最佳作品,which is considered to be his best)
⑧T.S Eliot(1888-1965);won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1946
⑨Emest hemingway(1899-1967)海明威; was awarded the Nobel Prize 诺贝尔文学奖for literaturein 1954. A Farewell to Arms永别了,武器; For Whom the Bell Tolls(the two about the first andsecond world war); 丧钟为谁而鸣(关于一、二战的2篇小说)Old Man and the Sea(hisrepresentative book)老人与海(代表作).
2)Harlem Renaissance(哈莱姆复兴) and black writing in American literature:
In the 1920s, Black Litrature developed into an upsurge which has come to be known as theHarlem Renaissace.20世纪20年代, 黑人文学蓬勃发展,后来被称为‘哈莱姆复兴’。LangstonHughes(1899-1967) 休斯 (masterpiece: The Weary Blues困倦的BLUES) and RichardWright(1908-1960) 赖特(masterpiece: Native Son土生子) were the major figures of thoseBlack writers.
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英国,全称大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国(The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland),本土位于欧洲大陆西北面的不列颠群岛,被北海、英吉利海峡、凯尔特海、爱尔兰海和大西洋包围。下面是读文网小编整理的英语国家概况:英国的形成历史,欢迎大家阅读!
The Shaping of the Nation (1066-1381)
百年战争及其结果
The Hundred Years’ War refers to the war between England and France that lastedintermittently from 1337 to 1453. The causes of the war were partly territorial and partlyeconomic.
①The territorial causes were related with the possession by the English kings of the largeduchy of Aquitaine in France, as the French kings grew stronger,they increasingly coveted thislarge slice.
②The economic causes were connected with cloth manufacturing towns in Flanders, which werethe importer of English wool, but they were loyal to the French king politically. Besides,England's desire to
③stop France from giving aid to Scots and
④a growing sense of nationalism were the other causes.
The English's being driven out of France is ①regarded as a blessing for both countries. If theEnglish had remained in France, the superior size and wealth of France would have ②hinderedthe development of a separate English national identity, ③while France was hindered so longas a foreign power occupied so much French territory.
百年战争指1337年到1453年英法之间一场断断续续的战争,战争的起因既有领土因素又有经济因素。领土起因尤其是英国国王占领了法国的阿基坦大片公爵领地,这是战争的根源,随着法国国王势力日增,他们渴望占领这片土地。经济原因则与弗兰德斯城有关。弗兰德斯地区生产棉布的城镇是英国羊毛的主要进口商,但这些城镇在政治上却效忠法国国王。其他原因还有英国试图阻止法国对苏格兰人的援助,并且压制不断增强的民族意识。
战争的结果:
把英国人赶出法国对两个国家都是幸事:若英国人继续留在法国,那么法国人在领土和财富上所占的优势必然会阻碍独立的英国的发展;而在英国占领大量法国领土的情况下,法国也很难统一。
Three stages of the war 战争的三个阶段
In the first two stages, the English won some big victories. But in the third stage, they weredriven out of Fance.战争初期,英国取得辉煌胜利。但是最终被逐出法国
The battle of Argencourt 阿壤科之战
It took place in 1415 and the English won a crushing victory. After the victory, the English kingHenry Ⅴwas recognized as the French King.1415年英国大获全胜,亨利5世登上法国王位。
Joan of Arc (1412-1431)贞德女士
Joan of Arc was a nation heroine in French history. She led and encourages the French indriving the English out of French in the Hundred Years’War. 贞德是法国历史上的女英雄,她领导和鼓舞法国人民将英国军队驱逐处境。
Consequences of the war 战争的后果影响
①The English lost the war. The expulsion of the English from French is regarded as a blessingfor both countries.
②It helped English national identity as well as French national identity.
③Two separate nation were born after the war.
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看英国的征服体制,了解这个国家的概况情况。下面是读文网小编带来英国的政府体制相关介绍,欢迎大家阅读!
Constitutional monarchy 君主立宪制
The British monarchy is known as constitutional monarchy. It means the monarchy's powerare limited by law and Parliament. The monarchy actually has no ral power. Constitutionalmonarchy began after the Glorious Revolution in 1688.英国的君主体制是以君主立宪闻名的。君主政体实际已无实权。它的权力受限于法律和议会。君主立宪制是从1688年的光荣革命后开始。
II.The Monarchy君主制
1.Elizabeth II, her title in the United Kingdom is "Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God ofthe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Her Other Realms andTerritories, Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith."
伊莉莎白二世,她的全称是“伊莉莎白二世承蒙大布列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国以及她的其他领土和领地的上帝之恩典,女王,英联邦元首,共同信仰的保护者。”
2.The Queen is the symbol of the whole nation. In law, She is head of the executive, anintegral part of the legislature, head of the judiciary, the commander-in-chief of all thearmed forces and the "supreme governor" of the Church of England. She gives Royal Assent toBills passed by parliament.
女王是国家的象征。从法律上讲,她是行政首脑,立法机构的组成部分,司法首脑,全国武装部队总司令,英国国教“至高无上”的领袖。她任命首相和重要的政府官员。对议会通过的法案给予御准。
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“致谢”是世界各国人民都遵循的礼仪规范,但是由于各国的风俗习惯不同,“致谢”的方式和客套用语也有所不同,有时可能会相去甚远。下面是读文网小编整理的一些英语国家致谢习俗及常用语,欢迎大家阅读!
在英语国家,“致谢”用语用得极为广泛,大至巨大的帮助、馈赠等,小至回答询问、指路、传递东西等,即使夫妻之间,父母子女之间等也常用到它。比如丈夫外出,妻子为其取来衣物,或者儿子为父亲拿来他要读的报纸等,对方都可以用Thank you. 之类的话作为答谢。在公共场合 Thank you. 之类的话更是用得极广。比如:当老师为你解决一个疑难问题时,你要致谢;当别人告诉你去某地的路怎么走时,你要致谢;在公共汽车上别人给你让座时,你要致谢;当女招待给你端来一杯茶时,你要致谢;当你走近一扇弹簧门时,走在你前面的人会主动帮你拉住弹簧门不松手,直到你进门为止,此时你要致谢;当你向电梯走去时,电梯里的人会为你按住电扭使之为你敞开,这时你也要致谢;在超级市场或一般商店,当你购物后付款时,店员会对致谢,此时你若对他(她)的服务很满意,你也会对他(她)致谢。所有这些场合,致谢用语用得极为普通,你要是生活他们中间,你会发现他们的嘴很甜,感谢之词不绝于口。
A: Excuse me, where’s the nearest bus stop, please?请问,最近的公共汽车站在什么地方?
B: I’m sorry, I don’t know. 对不起,我不知道。
A: Thank you all the same. 谢谢。
A: Do you want a lift? 要搭车吗?
B: No, but thanks just the same. 不搭,谢谢。(from www.nmet168.com)
当别人邀请你吃东西或主动为你提供什么时,你若接受,可以用(Yes, )Thank you. 之类的话作为回答;你若不接受,则可用 No, thank you. 或 No, but thank you all the same. 之类的话作为回答。如:
A: Have a drink, please. 请喝一杯吧。
B: Thank you. Beer, please. 谢谢,请来杯啤酒。
A: I can drive you to the station. 我可以开车送你去车站。
B: No, but thank you all the same. 不用了,谢谢你啦。
另外,当别人祝贺你或祝愿你时,你也可用 Thank you 作答:
A: Congratulations on your success. 祝贺你取得成功。
B: Thank you. 谢谢。
A: I wish you a pleasant journey. 祝你一路顺风。
B: Thank you. 谢谢。(from www.nmet168.com)
在演讲、发言、发布通知等场合,也可用 Thank you. 作为结束时客套语:
That’s all. Thank you. 我的发言完了,谢谢大家。
. . . and please don’t smoke in the waiting-room. Thank you. 请不要在候车室吸烟,谢谢。
. . . and please fasten your seatbelt. Thank you. 请系好安全带,谢谢合作。
B: Thank you. Beer, please. 谢谢,请来杯啤酒。
A: I can drive you to the station. 我可以开车送你去车站。
B: No, but thank you all the same. 不用了,谢谢你啦。
另外,当别人祝贺你或祝愿你时,你也可用 Thank you 作答:
A: Congratulations on your success. 祝贺你取得成功。
B: Thank you. 谢谢。
A: I wish you a pleasant journey. 祝你一路顺风。
B: Thank you. 谢谢。(from www.nmet168.com)
在演讲、发言、发布通知等场合,也可用 Thank you. 作为结束时客套语:
That’s all. Thank you. 我的发言完了,谢谢大家。
. . . and please don’t smoke in the waiting-room. Thank you. 请不要在候车室吸烟,谢谢。
. . . and please fasten your seatbelt. Thank you. 请系好安全带,谢谢合作。
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在日常生活中,人们经常要组织或举办一些必要的社交活动,以融洽人们彼此之间的人际关系。要邀请人们参加这类活动,往往有不少值得注意和讲究的地方。
根据不同的侧重点,邀请可以有不同的分类。从语言表达的形式来看,可分为书面邀请和口头邀请;从邀请的正式与否来看,可分为正式邀请和非正式邀请;从邀请的可接受性来看,可分为直接邀请和间接邀请等。
书面邀请主要是指通过发送请贴或写信进行邀请。由于写信的格式同学们大都比较熟悉,这里我们主要谈谈用请贴邀请的有关注意问题。请贴的格式往往有一定的讲究,多为上下短行排列,虽每行长短不一,但大致呈中心对称,看起来不仅清楚醒目、而且美观大方。请贴的内容通常应包括时间、地点、活动内容、邀请人和被邀请人姓名等。同时,请贴也可分为正式和非正式两种。一般说来,正式请贴用于比较严肃、庄重的场合,其用词比较讲究、句式比较严谨,使用的人称通常是第三人称,姓名通常要用全名(包括中间名),且要在姓名前使用适当的称谓词,如 Mr, Mrs, Miss, Ms 等。 而非正式请贴则通常用于较随便的场合,其用词和句法也比较随便,使用的人称通常是第二人称。请看如下请贴实例:
(Yes, ) It’s very kind [nice] of you. (好,)太感谢你了。
(Yes, ) That’s very kind [nice] of you. (好,)太感谢你了。
I’d (very much) like to. Thank you. 我很愿意,谢谢你。
I’d like [love] to. 我很愿意。
I’d be glad to. 我很高兴(做. . . )。
That’ll be very nice. 那太好了。
With pleasure. 我乐意。
All right. 好吧。
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名词解释:中华人民共和国国家最高科学技术奖,是中国五个国家科学技术奖中最高等级奖项,每年评审一次,每次授予不超过两名科技成就卓著、社会贡献巨大的个人,由国家主席亲自签署、颁发荣誉证书和高额奖金。你知道怎么用英语表达吗?
China gave the country's top science award on Tuesday to physicist Xie Jialin, a pioneer in particle acceleration, and architect Wu Liangyong, whose research is guiding the nation's urbanization.
The laureates, both members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Wu is also a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering), were each awarded the State Top Scientific and Technological Award by President Hu Jintao at a ceremony held in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. In addition, they received a bonus of 5 million yuan ($793,870).
周二,粒子加速器事业的开拓者、物理学家谢家麟和城市规划领域的学术带头人、建筑家吴良镛双双获得国家最高科学技术奖。
两位获奖者均是中国科学院院士(吴良镛同时也是中国工程院院士),在北京人民大会堂举办的颁奖大会上,国家主席胡锦涛为二人颁发了国家最高科学技术奖。另外他们还获得了500万人民币的奖励(79.3870万美元)。
文中的“State Top Scientific and Technological Award”就是“国家最高科学技术奖”,为了奖励在科技进步活动中做出突出贡献的公民、组织,中国设立了国家最高科学技术奖(State Top Scientific and Technological Award)、国家自然科学奖(State Natural Science Award)、国家技术发明奖(State Technological Invention Award)、国家科学技术进步奖(National Science and Technology Progress Award)、中华人民共和国国际科学技术合作奖(China International Science and Technology Cooperation Award)5项国家科学技术奖。其中,国家最高科技奖为中国科技界最高奖项。
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摘要:据外交部发言人马朝旭介绍,中方9月12日向利比亚“国家过渡委员会”通报了中方对其承认的决定。你知道怎么用英语表达吗?
China on Monday night officially recognized Libya's National Transitional Council (NTC) as the ruling authority of the country, the Foreign Ministry announced in a statement.
Nearly 70 countries have recognized the NTC as Libya's government.
"China respects the choice of the Libyan people," Ma Zhaoxu, spokesman for the ministry, said in a statement.
外交部发表声明,中国于周一晚上正式承认利比亚“国家过渡委员会”为执政当局。
将近70个国家承认“国家过渡委员会”为国家政府。
外交部发言人马晓旭称“中国尊重利比亚人民的选择”。
文中的“National Transitional Council”就是“国家过渡委员会”的意思,“Transitional”是指“过渡的”,如:transitional period 过渡阶段, transitional government 过渡政府。利比亚“国家过渡委员会”( National Transitional Council)执行委员会主席贾布里勒11日宣布,有关方面正在就组建全国性的临时政府(interim government)进行协商。“interim”是“暂时的、临时的”,如:an interim loan 临时贷款。
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美国国家档案馆(National Archives of the United States)是美国保管联邦政府档案文件的机构 。1934 年建立 ,直属联邦政府,馆长由总统任命。1949年改属美国国家档案与文件局。馆址在华盛顿。
North side of the Mall at Seventh Street and Constitution Avenue NW; closest Metro Archives-Navy Memorial. April to Labor Day daily 10am9pm; rest of year daily 10am5.30pm. 202/501-5000. Admission free.
美国国家档案馆
As well as a copy of the Magna Carta, dating from 1297, the National Archives hold exhibitions and serve as the official repository of all US national records census data, treaties (including the surrender of Japan in World War II), passport applications, as well as genealogical records most of which are kept in storage. On display inside the impressive Neoclassical Greek temple designed by the National Gallery's John Russell Pope are the three short texts upon which the United States is founded: the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. These three original sheets of parchment (the three further pages of the Constitution are not on display), drafted respectively in 1776, 1787 and 1789, are now contained in helium-filled glass cases, which drop underground in case of fire or other threat. You can usually look at them as long as you like, but if there's a crowd you have to shuffle on past.
对美国历史不感兴趣的人想必不会参观华盛顿的美国国家档案馆。这里收藏的是美国各个历史时期的珍贵文件和照片、声音、影像资料。为什么说独立日时国家档案馆的活动才是最正宗的呢?因为这里收藏着美国1776年建国时起草在羊皮纸上的开国文件的原稿:Declaration of Independence, Constitution, Bill of Rights——是的,就是历史课上学过的《独立宣言》、《美国宪法》和《权利法案》。档案馆坐落在宪法大道北边,所以也是参观独立日游行的好地方。
档案有什么好看的!但还真有人拿着放大镜找“all men are created equal”(人人生而平等)的字样。展品按照时间排列下来,就像一小段美国历史,每个文件都有标注“why is it important”,简单介绍背景。
十点多,众人被召集到档案馆的入口,最著名的《独立宣言》朗诵随后开始。扮演乔治·华盛顿和阿比盖尔·亚当斯的演员登台朗读。接下来,扮演本杰明·富兰克林、托马斯·杰斐逊和约翰·亚当斯的演员也都上台朗读《美国宪法》。
阿比盖尔·亚当斯是谁?我一头雾水,于是问档案馆的工作人员,他说,阿比盖尔·亚当斯是第二任总统约翰·亚当斯的妻子。“为什么她那么重要?”大叔回答:“我想他们就是要安排一男一女来读。舞台效果嘛。”大叔接着说:“不过阿比盖尔·亚当斯也是重要的政治人物。她提倡已婚妇女应有财产权和受教育权。”
每个历史人物上台,主持人都会问他们一些观众在Twitter上提的问题,例如:“你们平时都在干吗?有什么兴趣爱好”之类的脑残问题。这些演员也风趣幽默,非常聪慧,根据自己对这些历史人物的理解来回答。我印象最深的就是主持人问:“你们最喜欢的地方是哪里?”
阿比盖尔·亚当斯说:“哦,就是我在乡下的小木屋,门口有苹果树……”她描述了一番,一幅美国殖民时期的田园风光立即展现在眼前。
轮到第二任总统约翰·亚当斯,也就是阿比盖尔·亚当斯的丈夫回答时,他说:“我最喜欢的地方啊,也就是亚当斯夫人喜欢的地方。”
现场所有观众都“噢”了一声,立即脑补总统和总统夫人恩爱的画面。然后最妙的来了,阿比盖尔·亚当斯立即接下话茬:“噢,约翰,你真是太贴心了,不过观众们你们也不要太惊讶,毕竟我们已经结婚有250年了。”观众大笑。
我回来一查,亚当斯夫妇结婚的时候是1764年,距今刚好250年。不得不佩服这个女演员实在是太厉害了!表演过程里,她也是唯一一个全程使用殖民时期的英式口音的。
演员朗读《独立宣言》的时候,铿锵有力,带有诗的韵律感。一个细节让我有些感动,舞台上除了五个演员,还有两位穿黑色西装的工作人员,他们一个面向南面,一个面向北面,全程随着演员用手语朗诵着。
每念完一条,现场所有人都会齐声大叫:“Boo!”Boo来自于法语词beau,意思是漂亮、完美。它在18世纪英语里通常指男性的崇拜者。
最后宣读每个签署在独立宣言上的人名的时候,大家又同时大声高呼:“Huzzah!”继续补课:Huzzah是Hooray的老式说法,表示相当激动。
朗诵结束后,游行就开始了。这个环节最没意思。如果月初参加的同志骄傲游行是8分的话,这个游行只有2分!
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你知道国家政策的英语怎么说吗?下面一起来看看吧。
国家政策的制定不该受外部影响。
National policies should not be determined by outside influence.
我们就这些问题以及相关的国家政策问题进行了非常严肃的交谈。
I had a very serious conversation with him about these issues and relatednational policy issues.
我们应该选择这样的候选人,他们在辩论真正的国家政策议题上的虽"绝情",但是绕开不去攻击他们对手的个人特质。
We should opt for candidates who are ruthless in debating real public policyissues but steer away from attacking the personal traits of their opponents.
国家政策英语怎么说
他说,这份报告不是国家政策,但是它是一本变革的蓝图。
He said the report was not national policy, but it was a blue-print for change.
所以在2011年随着我们辩论国家政策——从房地产遗产税到失业保险基金再到儿童的早期教育——让我们推动当今美国令人震惊社会不平等程度的下降。
So as we debate national policy in 2011 — from the estate tax to unemploymentinsurance to early childhood education — let’s push to reduce the stunning levelsof inequality in America today.
这样的计算、聚合两个步骤于国家政策而言,有很重大的意味。
These two basic procedures — counting and aggregating — have importantimplications for public policy.
这项研究来自曼哈顿研究所——一家国家政策研究机构。
The study is from the Manhattan Institute, an organization that does public policyresearch.
不过你却有能力,在一定程度上影响国家政策,使其对穆斯林的需求与问题更加敏感。
But you do have the ability to affect public policy to an extent that it will besensitive to the needs and issues of Muslims face.
国家政策强调必须向包括艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者在内的“躯体”疾病患者提供足够的精神卫生保健和支持。
The national policy emphasizes the need to provide adequate mental health careand support to people with 'physical' disease including those living with HIV/AIDS.
一直被忽视却很重要的一点:最低工资(1938年,成为美国的一项国家政策)的长久结果便是刺激资金投入不断深入。
Neglected, but significant, the long-run consequence of the minimum wage - which was made national policy in the United States in 1938 - is its stimulation ofcapital deepening.
政府官僚指导国家政策,大财团实施技术和出口策略。
The bureaucracy guided national policy, and big business implementedtechnology and export strategies.
她不仅是一位艺术和文学赞助人,还是一位对法国国家政策颇具影响力的时尚引领者。
She was a patron of the arts and letters and a leader of fashion who exercisedconsiderable influence on the public policy of France.
更远大的目标是,要将社会科学、神经科学和国家政策结合到一起,应对城市化带来的健康挑战。
They further point to a new approach to interface social sciences, neurosciencesand public policy to respond to the major health challenge of urbanization.
“我愿称之为文化竞争,”卡内基梅隆大学的工程师兼国家政策教授亚历克斯-希尔斯说,解释了一个标准在美国无法存活的原因。
“I’d call it the culture of competition, ” said Alex Hills, a professor of engineeringand public policy at Carnegie Mellon, explaining why a single standard was not setin the United States.
这也给国家政策和政治传递了一个重要信息。
There’s also an important message here for public policy and politics.
几个因素将决定转向生物燃料的经济学,包括经济规模和在交通中使用乙醇的国家政策。
Several factors will determine the economics of moving to biofuels, includingeconomies of scale and national policies for using ethanol in transport.
他们提出的这份国家政策的成功,取决于相关政府、资助者和科研机构采纳这些建议。
The success of their draft national policy will depend on whether the relevantgovernments, funders and research institutes adopt its recommendations.
到目前为止在市场高估值上起重要作用的是国家政策。
The most important factor by far in high valuations is public policy.
也许最显著的趋势是从“粮食安全”转向“粮食自我充足”的最终国家政策。
Perhaps the most striking trend is the move from “food security” towards “foodself-sufficiency” as a goal of national policy.
这反过来又使各国更加重视加强外伤护理能力,其中包括需求评估以及在国家政策中推行世界卫生组织的建议。
This has in turn led to increased attention to strengthening trauma carecapabilities in countries, including needs assessments and implementation ofWHO recommendations in national policy.
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下面是读文网小编整理的英语文学论文范文,希望对大家有帮助。
Being distinguished form many greatest American writers, Hemingway is noted for his writing style. Among all his work , The Old Man and the Sea is a typical one to his unique writing style and technique. The language is simple and natural on the surface , but actually deliberate and artificial. Sometimes the simple style is made a little different. The dialogue is combined with the realistic and the artificial. The simplicity is highly suggestive , and often reflects the strong undercurrent of emotion. Occasionally , the author uses some figures of speech. Hemingway’s style is related to his experience as a journalist, his learning form many famous writers, and most importantly, his conscientious effort in looking for a style of his own, The influence of his style is great all over the world. The Old Man and the Sea is full of facts, most of which comes form Hemingway’s own experience. So the way to use facts is a very important writing technique in this novel. The fact in the novel are selected and used as a device to make the fictional world accepted. In the forepart of the novel, the are used to show the quality of Santiago’s life, and are narrated simply and naturally; while in the latter part of the novel, they are used form inside Santiago’s own consciousness and form part of a whole scheme of the novel.
Keywords: Facts; Simplicity; Artificial; Iceberg; Theory
中文摘要
在伟大的美国作家中,海明威以独特的写作风格而著称。在他所有的作品中,《老人与海》最能体现他独特的写作风格和手法。这部小说语言看似简单自然,其实包含了作者的精心揣摩和润色加工。有时为了突出某一部分,作者会采用长句代替短句。文中的对话内容真实、贴近生活,而表达形式则经过了艺术加工。小说简洁自然的语言背后隐藏了深刻的意义和感情。文中还运用了比喻、拟人等修辞手法,还名位的这种独特风格与他当过新闻记者的经历有关,这种风格对整个世界文坛产生了重要的影响。
《老人与海》这部小说运用了大量的事实,他们大多来自于作者亲身经历。海明威对这些事实精心选择,从而吸引读者的兴趣并使读者有一种身临其境的感觉。小说一开始用大量事实描写了主人公生活的环境,叙述风格简单自然,未加任何感情色彩。随着情节的发展,大量的事实主要被运用于主人公的心理活动中,而不是主要由作者来叙述。同时,这些事实构成了整个小说体系中不可缺少的一部分。
关键词:事实;简洁;加工;冰山理论#p#副标题#e#
Introduction
1. Writing characteristics of the Old Man and the Sea
1.1 Hemingway’s Writing Style and Techniques in The Old Man and the Sea
The Old Man and the Sea (1952) comes round at the finish of Hemingway’s writing career. With its vivid characterization, its simple language, and the profound implicating it carries, it stands out as one of the excellent books Hemingway’s former stature as the word’s preeminent novelist after Hemingway’s unsuccessful novel Across the River and into the trees (1950). The Old Man and the Sea earned its author the Pulitzer Prize in fiction for 1952, and was instrumental in winning him the Nobel Prize for Literature two years later. It is a short novel about Santiago, an old Cuban fisherman who has gone for 84 days without catch. Therefore the boy, Mandolin, who used to sail with him, is forced to leave him and catch in another ship. The old man insists on fishing alone and at last, he hooks an eighteen-foot, giant marlin, the largest he has ever known. But the fish is very powerful and disobedient. It tows the old man and his boat out to sea for 48 hours, with the old man bearing the whole weight of the fish through the line on his back. The old man, with little food and sleep, has to endure much pain and fights against his treacherous hand cramp. To his great excitement, on his third day at sea, he succeeds in drawing the weakened marlin to the surface and harpoons it. On his way home, he lashes marlin alongside his boat because it is too big to be pulled into the boat. But, unfortunately, the come across sharks in different numbers for four times. The old man fights to kill the sharks with as much might and many weapons as he can summon, but only to find a giant skeleton of his marlin left after his desperate defense. At last, Santiago, having lost what he fought for, reaches the shore and struggles to his shack. He falls into sound sleep, dreaming of Africa, and the lions again. His struggle wins him much respect.
Among many great American writers, Hemingway is famous for his objective and terse prose style. As the last novel Hemingway published in his life, The Old Man and the Sea typically reflects his unique writing style. This paper aims to discuss the writing style and techniques in The Old Man and the Sea. Of course, Hemingway has used many techniques in this novel, such as realism, the creation of suspense, monologue, etc. And this paper focuses especially on the language style and one of the important techniques-the way to use facts in this novel.
2.Writing of the Old Man and the Sea
2.1 Unique language style Old Man and the Sea
Hemingway is famous for his language. With much care and effort, he created a very influential and immediately recognizable style. “The style he created in his early work, such as In Our Time and The Sun also Rises, was almost too good. Like the style of certain painters, it tended to become a manner, rather than a flexible way of responding to experience and conveying fresh insights through words.” Among all his works, The Old Man and the Sea is the most typical one to his unique language style. Its language is simple and natural, and has the effect of directness, clarity and freshness. This is because Hemingway always manages to choose words “`concrete, specific, more commonly found, more Anglo-Saxon, casual and conversational.” He seldom uses adjectives and abstract nouns, and avoids complicated syntax. Hemingway’s strength lies in his short sentences and very specific details. His short sentences are powerfully loaded with the tension, which he sees in life. Where he does not use a simple and short sentence, he connects the various parts of the sentence in a straightforward and sequential way, often linked by “and”. In his task of creating real people, Hemingway uses dialogue as an effective device. It is presented in a form “as close to the dramatic as possible, with a minimum of explanatory comment.”Here is an example chosen from The Old Man and the Sea:
‘What do you have to eat?’ the boy asked.
‘No, I will eat at home. Do you want me to make the fire?’
‘No, I will make it later on. Or I may eat the rice cold.’
Here we can see that such interpolations as “he said” have frequently been omitted and the words are very colloquial. Thus the speech comes to the reader as if he were listening. Hemingway has captured the immediacy of dialogue skillfully and has made the economical speech connotative. But it is good to note that Hemingway’s style is deliberate and artificial, and is never as natural as it seems to be. The reasons are as follows. Firstly, in some specific moments, in order to stand out by contrast and to describe an important turning point or climax, the style is made a little different:
He took all his pain and what was left of his long gone pride and he put it against the fish’s agony and the fish came over on to his side and swam gently on his side, his bill almost touching the planking of the skiff, and started to pass the boat, long, deep, wide, silver and barred with purple and interminable in the water. The language in this one-sentence paragraph is different from other parts of the novel. Kenneth Graham has commented that the sentence builds up its parts in a carefully laborious sequence-“all his pain and what was left of his strength and his long gone pride”. It emulates the movement of the exhausted marlin and the physical strain of the old man. And it mounts to a heavy crescendo in the very un-prosaic inversion of adjectives-“long, deep, wide”-ending in the virtually poetic cadence, “interminable in the water.”The dialogue, too, is combined with the realistic and the artificial. Usually the content contains and the expression contains the artificial. In The Old Man and the Sea, the language style is very peculiar from Hemingway’s other writings. This is because the novel is an English version of the Spanish that Santiago and Mandolin would speak in real life. “Since we are meant to realize that Santiago and Mandolin could not possibly speak like this, since English is not his tongue anyway, we are more likely to accept other artificialities of the dialogue. Using the device of a pretended ‘translation’, which would be bound to stilt in any case, Hemingway can ‘poetize’ the dialogue as he wishes.”The speakers are distanced from readers to a certain degree. And while their language taking on a kind of epic dignity, it does not lose its convincingness. Even slightly strange exchanges like the following become fairly acceptable. For example:#p#副标题#e#
‘You’re my alarm clock’, the boy said.
‘Age is my alarm clock’, the old man said. ‘Why do old man wake so early? Is it to have one longer day?’
‘I don’t know’, the boy said. ‘All I know is that young boys sleep late and hard’.
‘I can remember it’, the old man said. ‘ I’ll waken you in time.’
The simple sentences and the repeated rhythms hit at the profundities that the surface of the language tries to ignore. Its simplicity is highly suggestive and connotative, and often reflects the strong undercurrent of emotion. Indeed, the more closely the reader watches, the less rough and simple the characters appear. In Death in the Afternoon, Hemingway uses an effective metaphor to describe his writing style: If a writer of the prose knows enough about what he is writing about, he may omit things that he knows and the reader, if the writer is writing truly enough, will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them. The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water.Among all the works of Hemingway, the saga of Santiago is thought as the most typical one to this Iceberg Theory. The author seldom expresses his own feelings directly, nor does he make any comments or explanations. On the contrary, he tries to narrate and describe things objectively and blend his own feelings harmoniously to the natural narration and description this gives readers a pictures compression, from which-the 1/8 of the iceberg above water, they can learn the implying meaning and feelings of the author- 7/8 of the iceberg under water. When Hemingway said of this story, “I tried to make a real old man, a real sea and real sharks”, he then went on to say, “But if I made them good and true enough they would mean many things.” So this novel has a great and significance conveyed by a compressed action. The core of the novel’s action is fishing. To the hero, fishing is not simply of contest in life. It contains profound philosophic meaning. In addition, two details-the baseball match and the hand wresting with the Negro, like fishing, symbolize the contention in life. They compensate and enrich the inner meaning of the main plot of fishing. So the simplicity of the novel is highly suggestive.
2.2 The Old Man and the Sea Writing Methods
Occasionally, the author uses such figures of speech as metaphor, personification, etc to describe details. Hemingway likes to us natural things to make metaphors. For example, he describes Santiago’s eyes as “the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated.”The metaphor reveals that the old man is closely linked with nature. At the beginning of the novel, a simile is used: “the sail was patched with flour sacks and, furled, it looked like the flag of permanent defeat.” Here Santiago’s eyes are contrasted with the patched sail, which symbolize defeat, as reveals Santiago’s unyielding character. So Hemingway has formed of narrative and dialogue, though natural and simple on the surface, is actually deliberated and artificial. It combines elements that are realistic with elements that are stylized and heightened. How Hemingway has formed such a writing style? The reason is related to his own experiences. “His use of short sentences and paragraphs and vigorous and positive language, and the deliberate avoidance of gorgeous adjectives are some of the traces of his early journalistic practices.” After leaving school at 17, he went to the Kansas City Star, which was one of the best newspapers in America at that time. He served as its eager and energetic reporter. As a journalist, Hemingway trained himself in the economy of expression. He once said that, during his working in Star, he had to learn to use simple sentences, which is very useful to him; and that the experience of working as a journalist would not do harm to a young writer, instead it is very helpful if he could cast it off timely. He laid stress on “speaking” with facts and objected groundless concoction in writing. His descriptions of details are full of factuality, and are as precise as news reports.
3.The import on Hemingway’s Old Man and the Sea
The influence of Hemingway’s language style is great. In the latter part of his life, Hemingway was known as “Papa Hemingway.” It refers mainly to his contribution to the development of a new writing style in America-the colloquial style. His simple word, short sentences and vividly colloquial language purity American novel. In England, which Miss Storm Jameson discussing “The Craft of the Novelist” in the January 1934 issue of The English Review, she advanced an explanation of Hemingway’s popularity:
It is this simplicity, this appeal to our crudest interests, which explains Hemingway’s success…In English at least his success has been largely with the intellectuals. Thy have praised his simplicity, his directness…When Hemingway’s death was reported on 3 July 1961, the obituary in The Tines pronounced pontifically: No history of the literature of our time will be able to ignore his achievement or his far-reaching influence…his last masterpiece, The Old Man and The Sea, he remained a solitary both in achievement and style…And Hemingway’s influence as a stylist was “neatly expressed in the praise of the Noble Prize Committee about ‘his powerful style-forming mastery of the art’ of writing modern fiction.”
Apart from the language style, which The Old Man and the Sea is famous for, the writing techniques in this novel are also worth paying close attention to. A very important one of them is the way to use facts. The main events of the story seem to be based on a real incident, which is described by Hemingway in an article about fishing in the Gulf Stream in Esquire for April 1936. So the novel of full facts, such as the habit of fish, the technique of catching marlin, the weather, the sea, and so on. But the power of the novel lies in the way to use these facts. Firstly the facts are selected. “Hemingway’s old man, boy, sea, fish, and sharks are not so much built up in our minds, detail by detail, facts by facts, as drive into our mind by the force and the sympathy with which the author himself shares in their imaginary existence.” Like any realist, he relies on selection. When the giant marlin finally surfaces, his tail “was higher than a big scythe blade and a very pale lavender above the dark blue water.” Sargasso weed is bleached and yellow by day; Tuna are silver when they jump out if the water, but blue-backed and gold-sides when swimming. Hemingway never described them with excessively, but choose some effective ones. He uses them with a sense of how colors shift and change in their relationship. Without selection, there can be no intensity, and compression.
4.The philosophical significance Old Man and The Sea
4.1The Old Man and The Sea by the message to people’s moods#p#副标题#e#
Secondly, the facts are used as a device to make the fictional word accepted. The novel is not simply a manual for us to study the technique to catch a fish or how to survive in a boat. The author tries to implicate people’s imagination in what is happening by appealing to our love of practical knowledge. This shows “the facts are fundamentally a device, a technique of reassuring our sense of everyday values.”So they can help to make us accept more readily what the author has invented and made more dramatic than in everyday life. Still take the use of color as example: The clouds over the land now rose like mountains and the coast was only a long green line with the gray-blue hills behind it. The water was a dark blue now, so dark that it was almost purple. As he looked down into it he saw the red sifting of the plankton in the dark water and the strange light the sun made now. These facts show readers the process of fishing, which mostly comes from the author’s own experience. From these facts, which are vivid, precise and terse, readers can learn a lot about how to catch a fish and can also feel as if they themselves were catching a fish. Then they will have the sense that what the author describes is real and believable. Therefore, as Kenneth Graham has said, many facts in the novel about fishing and about the sea have a double function: they satisfy people’s sense of the real word. And this is what underlies Hemingway’s famous statement that his intention was always to convey to the reader “the way it was.”
4.2The influence of the Old Man and the Sea
All in all, Hemingway’s language in The Old Man and the Sea is simple and natural on the surface, but actually deliberate and artificial. “The language is rarely emotional. Rather, it controls emotions: it holds them in.”The forming of this distinct style is related to Hemingway’s own experience. And the influence of this style is not only within America but also all over the world. The facts in the novel are selected and used as a device to make the fictional world accepted. Unlike other novelists who add allegorical meanings to their facts, Hemingway uses the facts simply and naturally, without any emotion. In the latter part of the novel, instead of being narrated by the author, the facts are used from inside Santiago’s own consciousness, and form part of a whole scheme of the novel. Besides what have been mentioned above, other techniques in The Old Man and the Sea, such as realism, monologue, the creation of suspense and so on, are also very successful. All these show Hemingway’s superb artistic attainments as a Nobel Prize winner.
Bibliography
1. Chang Yaoxin, “Chapter 14” in A Survey of American Literature. TianJin: Nankai University Press, 1987
2. Kenneth Graham, “commentary” in York Notes: The Old Man and the Sea. Beijing: world Publishing Corporation, 1991
3. Ernest Hemingway, The Old Man and the Sea. Beijing: world Publishing Corporation, 1998
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发达国家又称已开发国家,指经济发展水平较高、技术较为先进、生活水平较高的国家。另外,也称作工业化国家、高经济开发国家(MEDC)。那么你知道发达国家用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。
这一匮乏在欠发达国家不可避免。
This scarcity is inevitable in less developed countries.
法国是发达国家之一。
France is one of the develop countries.
发达国家和新兴国家之间的松散联盟
A loose alliance of developed and emerging countries
不发达国家的公共卫生问题
Public-health problems in the underdeveloped world
我认为发达国家应该帮助不发达国家。
I think developed countries should help undeveloped countries.
在发展中国家和发达国家,保护主义声浪日盛。
In developing and advanced countries there are growing protectionist voices.
发达国家通常具有完备的通讯网络。
Advanced countries usually have excellent communications.
在发达国家,半数以上的成人缺乏足够的活动。
In developed countries more than half of adults are insufficiently active.
他们的国家是一个发达国家。
Theirs is a developed country.
净流动是从发展中国家到发达国家。
The net flow is from the developing to the developed world.
这与发达国家形成鲜明的对比。
This is in marked contrast to the situation in developed countries.
发达国家人口占世界的四分之一,拥有耕地将近世界之半。
The developed nations, with about one fourth of the world's population, possess almost half the arable land of the earth.
在发达国家,这一下行趋势在21世纪初就开始了,而在新兴国家,这一趋势始于2009年以后。
In the advanced countries, the decline began in the early 2000s; in emerging economies, after 2009.
不论采取哪种方法,新兴市场的消费者和公司正在重新审视与发达国家公司的互动模式。
Either way, emerging market consumers and businesses are redefining the terms of engagement with companies from larger economies.
Iyer说:我仍然感觉到,我们的国家(指美国)是世界上唯一一个没有充斥着旅行者的发达国家。
“ I still feel that ours is the only developed country in the world that's not full of travelers,” Iyer says.
在发达国家,婴儿猝死是一周到一岁的婴儿死亡的主要原因。
In developed countries, cot death is the main cause of death between the ages of one week and one year.
根据该协议,英国将免除世界上一些最不发达国家欠下的数亿英镑的债务。
Under the agreement, Britain will cancel hundreds of millions of pounds in debts owed to it by some of world's poorest countries.
那么,投资者应不应该果断进入市场、抓住发达国家和发展中国家之间不断拉大的估值差距获利呢?
So should investors plunge in to take advantage of the widening valuation gap between the developed and developing world?
何时这些趋势变化将惠及美国和其他发达国家的工人?
At what point do these shifting trends begin to benefit workers in the United States and other developed countries?
美国以及其他发达国家的官员说,将保护科技(以阻止外流)与对付饥饿问题混为一谈是在混淆视听。
Officials of the United States and other developed countries said that linking technology protection to the fight against hunger was a red herring.
发达国家的剩余食品可以满足其它地方无数饥民的需要,这种说法,如果真可以成为现实的话,也许不会有错。
It may be true that, if this were the best of all possible worlds, the food surplus in the developed countries would be sufficient to answer the needs of the starving millions elsewhere.
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文学包括诗歌、散文、小说、剧本、寓言童话等,是文化的重要表现形式,那么你知道文学用英语怎么说吗?下面跟读文网小编一起学习一下关于文学的英语知识吧。
晋太元中,武陵人捕鱼为业,缘溪行,忘路之远近。忽逢桃花林,夹岸数百步,中无杂树,芳草鲜美,落英缤纷;渔人甚异之。复前行,欲穷其林。林尽水源,便得一山。山有小口,仿佛若有光,便舍船,从口入。初极狭,才通人;复行数十步,豁然开朗。土地平旷,屋舍俨然。有良田美池,桑竹之属,阡陌交通,鸡犬相闻。其中往来种作,男女衣着,悉如外人;黄发垂髫,并怡然自乐。见渔人,乃大惊,问所从来;具答之。便要还家,设酒、杀鸡、作食。村中闻有此人,咸来问讯。自云:先世避秦时乱,率妻子邑人来此绝境,不复出焉;遂与外人间隔。问今是何世?乃不知有汉,无论魏、晋!此人一一为具言所闻,皆叹惋。余人各复延至其家,皆出酒食,停数日,辞去。此中人语云:“不足为外人道。”
During the reign of Taiyuan of Chin, there was a fisherman of Wuling. One day he was walking along a bank. After having gone a certain distance, he suddenly came upon a peach grove which extended along the bank for about a hundred yards. He noticed with surprise that the grove had a magic effect, so singularly free from the usual mingling of brushwood, while the beautifully grassy ground was covered with its rose petals. He went further to explore, and when he came to the end of the grove, he saw a spring which came from a cave in the hill, Having noticed that there seemed to be a weak light in the cave, he tied up his boat and decided to go in and explore. At first the opening was very narrow, barely wide enough for one person to go in. After a dozen steps, it opened into a flood of light. He saw before his eyes a wide, level valley, with houses and fields and farms. There were bamboos and mulberries; farmers were working and dogs and chickens were running about. The dresses of the men and women were like those of the outside world, and the old men and children appeared very happy and contented. They were greatly astonished to see the fisherman and asked him where he had come from. The fisherman told them and was invited to their homes, where wine was served and chicken was killed for dinner to entertain him. The villagers hearing of his coming all came to see him and to talk. They said that their ancestors had come here as refugees to escape from the tyranny of Tsin Shih-huang (builder of Great Wall) some six hundred years ago, and they had never left it. They were thus completely cut off from the world, and asked what was the ruling dynasty now. They had not even heard of the Han Dynasty (two centuries before to two centuries after Christ), not to speak of the Wei (third century A.D.) and the Chin (third and fourth centuries). The fisherman told them, which they heard with great amazement. Many of the other villagers then began to invite him to their homes by turn and feed him dinner and wine.After a few days, he took leave of them and left. The villagers begged him not to tell the people outside about their colony.
既出,得其船,便扶向路,处处志之。及郡下,诣太守,说如此。太守即遣人随其往,寻向所志,遂迷不复得路。南阳刘子骥,高尚士也,闻之,欣然规往,未果,寻病终。后遂无问津者。
The man found his boat and came back, marking with signs the route he had followed. He went to the magistrate’s office and told the magistrate about it. The latter sent someone to go with him and find the place. They looked for the signs but got lost and could never find it again. Liu Tsechi of Nanyang was a great idealist. He heard of this story, and planned to go and find it, but was taken ill and died before he could fulfill his wish. Since then, no one has gone in search of this place.
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国家是由国土、人民(民族)、文化和政府四个要素组成的,国家也是政治地理学名词。一般国家行政管理当局是国家的象征,它是一种拥有治理一个社会的权力的国家机构,在一定的领土内拥有外部和内部的主权。那么你知道国家用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。
country
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西方国家,是指西方意识形态占主流的国家。在不同的场合和不同的时间有着不同的定义。但一般而言,它是指澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰、美国和西欧,统治血统为白人。那么你知道西方国家用英语怎么说吗? 下面跟着读文网小编一起来学习一下吧。
1. The religious conservatives are not enamoured of the West and its values.
宗教保守派人士不喜欢西方国家及其价值观。
2. Western suppliers too are competing avidly for business abroad.
西方国家的供应商也在疯狂抢夺国外商机。
3. Both nations are seeking closer links with the West.
两国都在寻求与西方国家建立更为紧密的联系。
4. The West has an interest in promoting democratic forces in Eastern Europe.
东欧民主力量的发展与西方国家利害攸关。
5. The West must back up its verbal support with substantial economic aid.
西方国家必须以切实的经济援助来兑现他们的口头支持。
6. He also believed in coexistence with the West.
他还相信他们能与西方国家共存。
7. Many writers, threatened with imprisonment, have defected to the West.
由于有被监禁的威胁, 许多作家投向了西方国家.
8. The company's sales are now close to saturation in many western countries.
这家公司的产品销售量在许多西方国家已接近饱和.
9. Many Asians are migrating to the West.
许多亚洲人移民去了西方国家.
10. He had warned the West against trying to dictate to the Soviet Union.
他警告西方国家不要试图对苏联发号施令。
11. In his celebration speech, he issued a stark warning to Washington and other Western capitals.
在他的庆祝演说中,他向华盛顿和其他西方国家提出了严正警告。
12. They were cut off from the West in 1948 when their government closed that border crossing.
1948年政府关闭那个边境关口之后,他们便与西方国家隔绝开了。
13. Moral as well as financial support was what the West should provide.
西方国家应该提供道义支持和经济援助。
14. During the second world war,Japanese were interned in camps in the West.
第二次世界大战期间,日本士兵被扣留在西方国家的阵营里。
15. In Western countries girls are far less likely to offend than boys.
在西方国家,女孩的犯罪倾向远低于男孩。
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英国文学源远流长,经历了长期、复杂的发展演变过程。在这个过程中,文学本体以外的各种现实的、历史的、政治的、文化的力量对文学发生着影响。那么你知道英国文学用英语怎么说吗?接下来跟着读文网小编来学习一下吧。
英国文学作品选读 Selected Readings of British Literature
英国文学选读 selected readings in british literature
英国文学讲座 Lecture on English Lite
英国文学及写作 English Literature and Composition
中古时期英国文学 Old and Medieval British Literature
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