为您找到与英语听说注意事项相关的共200个结果:
作为经常与老外打交道的外贸人士,应该会应付各种场合的情景对话。当然,很多人会自认为口语好,能应付,但是,一些话语的细节是否使用得周到,就需细细揣摩了。下面是读文网小编整理的面试中的注意事项和禁忌,欢迎大家阅读!
Always maintain eye contact with the interviewer.Makeeye-contact with the interviewer during theinterview.Show that you are confident by looking straight at the person.
(和雇主要一直保持目光接触。面试时,眼睛要看着对方。直视对方说明你有自信。)
而不是Fails to look interviewer in the eye不敢正视。
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学英语,听力越来越重要,怎样有效地提高听力学习效果是学习者非常关心的问题。以下是小编为大家整理的练英语听力的方法,希望能帮助大家提高英语听力水平。
好的发音不仅是掌握单独的音节。还是对intonation(声音的升降调)和stress(对单词中一些音节和句子中的一些单词更大声更清晰地发音)的理解。大声念一些诗歌、演讲、歌曲,集中练习单词的重音和音调。
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对于绝大部分中国学生来说,学习英文写作似乎只是为了一个目的——应试。的确,从基础的中、高考,到大学英语四、六级,乃至高阶段的TEM、TOEFL、IELTS,研究生入学考试等等,写作一直是必考的内容之一。为了应付这些考试,同学们不得不机械地背诵大量程式化的词组、句子、甚至是范文。这种做法也许能在短期内提高我们的应试能力,可长此以往,英文写作势必会重蹈历史的覆辙,演变成又一种“八股文”,这是我们所不愿意看到的。那么,怎样才能真正提高自己的写作能力呢?
例如:
Mankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人类是世上最聪明的动物)= Man is the smartest animal......。 (如果改为:Human beings are considered the smartest animals...... 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 后面动词要用多数,而 man 的后面动词,则用单数)
Manpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (发展这里的经济,似乎缺乏人力资源。)(如果说:Labor power seems not strong enough... 也就没有「男性主义」的感觉。可见 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources)
This small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(这个小公司昨天请来一名清洁女工)(如果说:This small company hired an office cleaner...也就没有男女之分了)
He (she) has been a committee chairman (chairwoman) since 1998. (自从1998年他就是委员会主席) (假如把chairman或chairwoman改为chairperson或chair,就没有男女之分。) (如指讨论会的主持人,也可称为 moderator 或 coordinator。)
Many businessmen (businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.(许多商人觉得工作压力很大)(如果把 businessmen (businesswomen) 改为 business people 或 business executives 或 business managers 就可包括男女了)(凡是单数 man 或 woman,其多数都是 men 或 women。)
Policemen (policewomen) should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察对人民应该有礼貌)(假如把 policemen 或 policewomen 改为 police officers 就可避免男女性别)
Congressmen (congresswomen) should speak up for their constitutes. (国会议员应该为其选民说话)(constitute = voter) (我们也可以把 congressmen 或 congresswomen 改为 members of congress 或 congressional representatives)
Stewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(国际航线的空中小姐有时会有时差疲惫的现象)(如把 stewardess 改为 flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服务员。)
同理,我们可以把 salesman 或 saleswoman 改为 salesperson;把 mailman 改为 mail carrier 或 postal worker;把 foreman 改为 supervisor 等等。
当然,一些带有种族偏见的字眼,甚至有侮辱的味道(insulting words 或 slur),也要尽量避免使用,以免闹出麻烦。例如:
对黑人不要用 Negro,更不能用 Nigger(用 Black 还可以),礼貌的说法是 Afro-American 或 African-American;
对白人不要用 Honky(这是黑人骂白人的用字),正确用法是 Caucasian,或 white people;
对犹太人不要用 Hymies,应该叫 Jewish 或 Jewish people;
对越南人不要用 Gook,要用 Vietnamese;
至于墨西哥人、西班牙人及中、南美洲人,包括 Puerto Rico,正确的用法多是 Hispanics 或 Latins,不过据说西班牙人为了维护自己的文化,倒喜欢别人称为 Spaniard。 更多信息请访问:http://www.24en.com/
还有黑白结婚的孩子,也不可称为 Oreo(Oreo 饼乾外面是巧克力,里面是白奶油)。
有偏见的老外,不叫华人为 Chinese,而叫 Chink 或 Chinaman(从前还叫「Yellow Peril」,即黄祸)。遇到这种事,怎么办呢?我建议:「君子不与小人斗」,最好是「不理」(ignore)或「走开」(walk away)。不过老外与你谈话时,如果使用这些不礼貌的字眼,那么你就可以说:「For your information,the word you just used is derogatory(或 inappropriate)to describe someone of my race.」(只想让你知道:你刚刚所用的字,来描写我的族群,是很不合适的)。这时,你也可说一句「拜拜」了。
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(一)解题流程
1.浏览全文和选项
这一步的作用是让考生了解文章的大致内容和选项,初步做到心中有数。主要关注文章中涉及了哪方面的内容,出现了哪些具体事例,其中反复出现的词是帮助我们掌握文章大致内容的重要线索。
用2-3分钟的时间浏览上文,我们即可抓住本文的主旨大意:文章围绕阅读能力这个话题进行论述,并指出喜欢深度阅读的读者在读书的过程中会进入一种心醉神迷的状态,从而与文章的作者可以产生一种很亲密的关系,紧接着又介绍了carnalreading与spiritualreading的不同之处,最后作者对如今年轻人对电子产品的依赖做出含蓄的批评与指正。
2.确定空白处词性
通读完全文及各个选项后,我们可以很容易判断出各个空白处的词性,例如第36题,空格处位于mustbepainstakingly之后,且后面跟着一个由by(被,由)连接的介词短语,由此可知此空应填入一个动词的被动语态,即动词的过去分词形式。
3.仔细阅读空白前后内容,逐一答题
正常情况下,经过上面的几个步骤,我们就可得出大部分答案,此时文中因空格而缺失的信息也大部分都补充完整了。因此,最后一遍阅读若发现不准确的地方,修改后就完成了该种题型的解答任务。
(二)备考策略
通过分析解题流程,我们可以总结出下面几点复习备考策略:
1.掌握正确的单词记忆方法
学习单词一定要弄清楚其具体含义和使用语境,不能只记忆其汉语意思。记忆词汇的正确方法是在语境中记忆单词,通过阅读文章来记单词应是最佳方法,使用这类书籍记单词的时候,请注意观察需记忆的单词在不同语境下的具体含义以及能否用其他的词来替换该词。如果通过词汇书来记忆单词,那么该书至少应该有英文例句,我们在记单词的同时还应该学习某一单词的常用搭配。
2.复习巩固基本语法
大家在中学阶段已掌握了基本的英语语法知识,但是在实际应用时不一定能够运用自如。遇到这种情况,大家就需要找一本内容全面的语法书,把有关的内容,特别是有关句子结构的内容好好地复习巩固一下。
3.做适量的练习,熟能生巧
在复习备考的过程中,无论使用什么方法和技巧,都需要大家亲自去实践和运用,因为只有实践才能出真知。只有经过一定量的练习,考生才能对这种题型有一定的认识,才能真正找到感觉。我们对这一题型的难度判断是:它没有完形填空难度大。因此,只要练习量达到30篇左右,对这一题型就能有一个较好的掌握。
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写是一种综合能力的训练,是对学生所学语言知识的综合运用,是一个系统工程,它应贯穿于教学活动的全过程。作为教师,必须长期坚持不懈地对学生进行听、读、说、写全方位的训练,才能真正提高学生写的能力。
犹如土木砖石是建筑的材料一样, 词汇是说话写作的必需材料。如果我们的学生拿起一篇英语文章,有80%的词不认识,那么怎能理解文章所表达的信息呢? 如果要写一个句子,10 个词有8 个词拼写不出或拼写错误,又怎么能表达自己的思想呢? 可见,衡量一个学生英语水平及交际能力的高低,关键还得看他掌握词汇量的多少。教学大纲规定的词汇是经过科学筛选的,是中学生学好英语所需的最基本的词汇。大纲明确指出,学生应“能拼写所学单词”、“知道基本词义,能听懂,在口、笔头练习中能运用”。为达到大纲要求,提高学生写的能力,我在多年的教学中(不论是任初中课或高中课),都坚持每周用一课时让学生默写单词,要求学生根据汉语解释,写出词的拼写形式,词类,音标。当堂同桌交换批改,教师抽查,记入平时成绩,定期与家长见面。要求默写正确率达到96%,对默写错了的,要立即订正5 遍。从初中第一册开始,逐册默写,然后又从头开始,不断反复,直到学生中学毕业。这就使学生在长时期坚持不懈的默写中积累了大量的词汇。此外,对高、初中学过的不规则动词过去式,过去名词,形容词,副词不规则变化,特殊形式的名词复数,年、月、日、星期等等,作专项默写,为学生高考书面表达打下坚实的拼写基础, 从而使学生在高考书面表达中,避免了因单词拼写错误而丢分。
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下面是读文网小编整理的护理专业英语 刘国全的介绍,希望对大家有帮助。
ISBN:7117078014
作者: 刘国全
出版社:人民卫生出版社
上架日期:2007-2-7 9:14:00出版日期:2006-7-1
版次:初版装帧:平装
开本:16开
所属分类:英语 > 英语综合
定 价:¥29.00
introduction
unit 1 admission
part one warming-up
part two listening
part three dialogue
section a admission to the hospital
section b information gathering
part four phonetics
the english vowels
unit 2 discharge
part one warming-up
part two listening
part three dialogue
section a discharge teaching
section b the day the patient leaves
part four phonetics
the english consonants
unit 3 vital signs
part one warming-up
part two listening
part three dialogue
section a taking temperature
section b taking blood pressure
part four phonetics
incomplete plosion, consonant clusters and liaison
unit 4 hygiene of the patient
part one warming-up
part two listening
part three dialogue
section a morning care
section b hygiene of the patient
part four phonetics
word stress and sentence stress
unit 5 medications
part one warming-up
part two listening
part three dialogue
section a penicillin allergy test
section b starting an iv (intravenous)
part four phonetics
rhythm
revision one
unit 6 medical nursing
part one warming-up
part two listening
part three dialogue
section a hypertension
section b care of the patient in a critical condition
part four phonetics
strong and weak forms
unit 7 surgical nursing
part one warming-up
part two listening
part three dialogue
section a receiving a new patient
section b pre-operative care
part four phonetics
intonation
unit 8 obstetric nursing
part one warming-up
part two listening
part three dialogue
section a waiting for delivery
section b delivery. care and postpartum care
part four phonetics
senes-group and breath-group
unit 9 pediatric nursing
part one warming-up
part two listening
part three dialogue
section b care for the kid with measles
part four phonetics
assimilation and elision
unit 10 psychiatric nursing
part one warming-up
part two listening
part three dialogue
section a encountering a patient with panic disorder
section b caring for a schizophrenic patient
part four phonetics
syllable
revision two
appendix
vocabulary
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下面是读文网小编整理的商务英语视听说教程,希望对大家有帮助。
伴随经济全球化和我国经济国际化的进程,国内外大中型企业、跨国公司等对既懂商务又会英语的复合型人才的需求与日俱增,这也促进了我国高等教育商务英语专业的快速发展。目前,全国有700多所高等院校开设了外贸英语、商务英语等课程,工商管理、金融等商科专业也都开设了以商务为核心内容的英语课程,部分院校甚至设立了商务英语专业。近几年来,全国性的商务英语教学、学术研讨会频频召开。我国国际商务快速发展及人才市场对商务英语人才的强劲需求、外语就业市场人才多元化推动了英语专业教学改革和教材的建设.各院校都迫切需要一套能体现商务特色与人才培养规格相适应的新教材,以改变英语教材与人才培养和需求不相适应的状况。
商务英语属于专门用途英语,国外大学多将其归为ESP(English for Special Purposes)。目前,我们国内这样系统的专业教材并不很多。王正元教授领衔总主编、由全国20余所大学40余名英语教授、副教授、讲师历时两年多编写的这套"新时代大学商务英语系列教材"的出版是我国高等教育商务英语教材建设的一个新成果。
这套教材在内容安排上注重了语言的体验观、语用观,体现了商务英语的科学性、系统性、实用性及任务型教学法。这是一套适合高等院校商务英语专业和商科英语课程使用的教材。
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下面是读文网小编整理的商务英语听说实训教程,希望对大家有帮助。
为了更有效地提高高职高专商务英语专业学生的听说能力,解决学生实训教材数量较少和内容老化的问题,我们特地组织云南与河北两地一线商务英语专业教师编写了这本教材。
本书以商务活动常见的8个主题为基础进行编写,包括商务接待、工厂参观、会展、商务谈判、商务宴请、市场营销、商务约会和商务旅行(Greetings and Introductions,Showing Around,Convention and Exhibi。tion,Business Negotiation,Business Dinner,Marketing,Business Ap-pointment,Business Travel)等8个单元。每个单元由"背景知识"、"实训目的"、 "听力训练"、 "13语训练"和"知识拓展"五部分构成。第一部分简明扼要地概述本单元学习的相关背景知识,以期引起学生的兴趣;第二部分为各个单元的实习目的,并附词汇表,方便学生查阅;第三部分(听力训练)和第四部分(口语训练)是本教材的核心内容,要求在实训老师的指导下认真学习、反复操练。全书的听力材料由英美人士朗读,并通过互联网渠道向使用本教材的师生提供下载途径,免费使用;第五部分为形式各异的知识补充,以期给学生提供一定的拓展与想象空间。
本书可以作为全国高职高专院校商务英语专业学生"商务英语听说"课程的教材,也可供其他人士自学"商务英语听说"课程和准备剑桥商务英语证书(BEC)考试时使用。
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下面是读文网小编整理的新世纪商务英语听说教程,希望对大家有帮助。
Unit 1 What is the Training Like?
Part Ⅰ WarmingUp
Part Ⅱ Active Listening
Part Ⅲ Fun Break
Part Ⅳ Listening and Speaking
Part Ⅴ Situation Performance
Unit 2 What Makes Good Advertising?
Part Ⅰ WarmingUp
Part Ⅱ Active Listening
Part Ⅲ Fun Break
Part Ⅳ Listening and Speaking
Part Ⅴ Situation Performance
Unit 3 What Are the Current Formats of Retailing?
Part Ⅰ WarmingUp
Part Ⅱ Active Listening
Part Ⅲ Fun Break
Part Ⅳ Listening and Speaking
Part Ⅴ Situation Performance
Unit 4 Let's Discuss the Market Research Plan.
Part Ⅰ Warming Up
Part Ⅱ Active Listening
Part Ⅲ Fun Break
Part Ⅳ Listening and Speaking
Part Ⅴ Situation Performance
Unit 5 Welcome to Our Exhibition Stand.
Part Ⅰ Warming Up
Part Ⅱ Active Listening
Part Ⅲ Fun Break
Part Ⅳ Listening and Speaking
Part Ⅴ Situation Performance
Unit 6 How Does a PR Person Communicate with the Public?
Part Ⅰ WarmingUp
Part Ⅱ Active Listening
Part Ⅲ Fun Break
Part Ⅳ Listening and Speaking
Part Ⅴ Situation Performance
Unit 7 Do You Like Shopping Online?
Part Ⅰ Warming Up
Part Ⅱ Active Listening
Part Ⅲ Fun Break
Part Ⅳ Listening and Speaking
Part Ⅴ Situation Performance
Unit 8 I Really Enjoy Giving Presentations.
Part Ⅰ Warming Up
Part Ⅱ Active Listening
Part Ⅲ Fun Break
Part Ⅳ Listening and Speaking
Part Ⅴ Situation Performance
Unit 9 Americans Dont't Prefer Spicy Food.
Part Ⅰ Warming Up
Part Ⅱ Active Listening
Part Ⅲ Fun Break
Part Ⅳ Listening and Speaking
Part Ⅴ Situation Performance
Unit 10 A Company's Dress Code Is Really Important.
Part Ⅰ Warming Up
Part Ⅱ Active Listening
Part Ⅲ Fun Break
Part Ⅳ Listening and Speaking
Part Ⅴ Situation Performance
Unit 11 How Do You Define Corporate Social Responsibility?
Part Ⅰ Warming Up '
Part Ⅱ Active Listening
Part Ⅲ Fun Break
Part Ⅳ Listening and Speaking
Part Ⅴ Situation Performance
Unit How Do You Define Corporate Social Responsibility?
Part Ⅰ Warming Up
Part Ⅱ Active Listening
Part Ⅲ Fun Break
Part Ⅳ Listening and Speaking
Part Ⅴ Situation Performance
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英译商务合同貌似简单,实则不然。商务合同是一种特殊的应用文体,重在记实,用词行文的一大特点就是准确与严谨。
本文拟运用翻译教学中所积累的英译商务合同的实例,从三个方面论述如何从大处着眼、小处着手、力求准确严谨英译商务合同。
实践证明,英译合同中容易出现差错的地方,一般来说,不是大的陈述性条款。而恰恰是一些关键的细目.比如:金钱、时间、数量等。为了避免出差错,在英译合同时,常常使用一些有限定作用的结构来界定细目所指定的确切范围。
(1)限定责任
众所周知,合同中要明确规定双方的责任。为英译出双方责任的权限与范围,常常使用连词和介词的固定结构。现把最常用的此类结构举例说明如下。
例9: and/or
var script = document.createElement('script'); script.src = 'http://static.pay.baidu.com/resource/baichuan/ns.js'; document.body.appendChild(script);
常用 and/or英译合同中“甲和乙+甲或乙”的内容,这样就可避免漏译其中的一部分。 例 9:如果上述货物对船舶和(或)船上其它货物造成任何损害,托运人应负全责。 The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the ship and/or cargo on buard.3.1.2 by and between常用 by and between强调合同是由“双方”签订的,因此双方必须严格履行合同所赋于的责任。
例 10:买卖双方同意按下述条款购买出售下列商品并签订本合同。
This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the undermentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below.3.2限定时间英译与时间有关的文字,都应非常严格慎重地处理,因为合同对时间的要求是准确无误。所以英译起止时间时,常用以下结构来限定准确的时间。
(2)双介词
用双介词英译含当天日期在内的起止时间。
例 11: 自 9月 2O日起,甲方已无权接受任何定单或收据。
Party Ashall be unauthorized to accept any orders or to collect any account on and after September 20.例 12:我公司的条件是,3个月内,即不得晚于 5月 1日,支付现金。
Our terms are cash within three months, i.e. on or before May 1.3.2.2 not(no)later than用“not (no) later than +日期”英译“不迟于某月某日”。
例 13:本合同签字之日一个月内,即不迟于 12月 15日,你方须将货物装船。 Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract, i.e. not later than December 15.3.2.3 include的相应形式常用 include的相应形式:inclusive、including和 included,来限定含当日在内的时间。
例 14:本证在北京议付,有效期至 1月 1日。
This credit expires till January 1(inclusive) for negotiation in Beijing. (or:This credit expires till and including January 1 for negotiation in Beijing.)如果不包括 1月 1日在内,英译为 till and not including January 1。
(3) 限定金额 为避免金额数量的差漏、伪造或涂改,英译时常用以下措施严格把关。 3.3.1.大写文字重复金额 英译金额须在小写之后,在括号内用大写文字重复该金额,即使原文合同中没有大写,英译时也有必要加上大写。在大写文字前加上“SAY”,意为“大写”;在最后加上“ONLY”.意思为“整”。必须注意:小写与大写的金额数量要一致。 例16:聘方须每月付给受聘方美元500元整。 Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $ 500 (SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY).3.3.2.正确使用货币符号英译金额必须注意区分和正确使用各种不同的货币名称符号。“$”既可代表“美元”,又可代表其他某些地方的货币;而“£”不仅代表“英镑”,又可代表其他某些地方的货币。 必须注意:当金额用数字书写时,金额数字必须紧靠货币符号,例如:Can $891,568,不能写成:Can $ 891,568。另外,翻译的还要特别注意金额中是小数点(.)还是分节号(,),因为这两个符号极易引起笔误,稍有疏忽,其后果是不堪设想的。
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下面是小编为大家整理的21世纪工程硕士研究生英语听说教程,希望对你有帮助!
21世纪工程硕士研究生英语听说教程》内容包括:课文、练习、参考答案、听力原文。全书共16个单元,每单元分为三部分:第一部分为Warm—up,围绕课文主题设计的问题可以帮助学生做好热身准备,进入情景;第二部分为Focus Listening,是听力部分的主体,有单项选择、填空、判断正误、简答题等几种主要题型。这一部分首先出现的是Basic Skills,从听辨基本的语音、语调、数字、地址等开始,训练内容由浅入深。后面的练习围绕主题展开,形式以对话和短文为主,内容涉及科技、教育、职业、文化、环境、网络、全球化、人际关系等热门话题:第三部分为Oral Practice,把听和说有效地结合在一起,是口语部分的主体。
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小编为大家整理了商务英语合同注意事项,一起来学习吧!
一、力求严谨,明白无误:
1、The following documents shall be deemed to form and be read and construed as an integral part of this Contract.
下列文件应被认为、读作、解释为本合同的组成部分;
2、This Contract can only be altered, amended or supplemented in accordance with documents signed and sealed by authorized representatives of both parties.
本合同只能按照双方授权代表签名盖章的文件进行修改或增补;
3、All activities of ABC Co. shall be governed by the laws, decrees and pertinent rules and regulations of China.
ABC公司的一切活动必须受中国的法律、法令和有关规章条例的管辖。
二、多用主动语态,少用被动语态:
1、Party B is hereby appointed by Party A as its exclusive sales agent in Singapore. (不宜)
乙方被甲方委托为在新加坡的独家销售代理商;
2、Party A hereby appoints Party B as its exclusive sales agent in Singapore. (适宜)
甲方委托乙方为在新加坡的独家销售代理商;
三、多用现在时,少用将来时,尽管很多条款规定的是合同签订以后的事项:
1、Licensee may terminate this Contract 90 days after a written notice thereof is sent to Licensor upon the happening of one of the following events:
当有下列事件之一发生,被许可人提前90天向许可人发送书面通知后,可以终止合同:
2、Licensor becomes insolvent or a liquidator of Licensor is appointed;
许可人无力偿付债务或其破产清算人以被指定;
3、The patent described in Article 2 is not issued within 30 days from signing this Contract; and
第二条规定的专利未在签约后30天之内发布;
4、Licensor fails to perform its obligations under this Contract.
许可人未能履行其合同义务。
四、直接表达方式用得多,间接表达方式用的较少:
1、This Article does not apply to bondholders who have not been paid in full. (用得少)
本条款不适用于尚未全部偿付的债券持有者。
2、This Article applies only to bondholders who have been paid in full. (用得多)
本条款只适用于已全部偿付的债券持有者。
五、尽量使用一个动词,避免使用“动词+名词+介词”的同意短语:
1、Party A shall make an appointment of its representative within 30 days after signing the Contract.
甲方应于签约后30天内指派其授权代表。宜用appoint代替 make an appointment of.
2、Party A will give consideration to Party B’s proposal of exclusive agency.
甲方愿意考虑乙方独家代理的建议。宜用consider代替give consideration to.
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下面读文网小编为大家带来求职面试英语口语对话,欢迎大家学习!
A: I am an eloquent speaker in the classroom. But when I face a stranger outside, I get tongue-tied and nothing comes out.
A:我在课堂里能言善辩。可是我面对陌生 人时便瞠目结舌,什么也说不出。
B: You should pay close attention to your manner of speaking. Speech is a reflection of personality, you know. You should reflect confidence by speaking in a low voice, loud enough to be heard without being aggressive or overpowering.
B:你应该特别注意你的谈话方式。讲话是 一个人个性的体现。你说话的声音应该 高低合适,让面试官听得清楚,又不专横 跋扈。
A: I will go out of my way to catch the attention of the interviewer.
A:我要尽最大努力吸引面试官的注意。
B: Your speech should not call attention to itself, but should reveal your individuality and ability.
B:你不应该仅仅让面试官注意你的谈话, 你更应当通过谈话展示出你的个性与能
力。
A: I’m very shy. I think I might shake in my boots at the moment 丨 meet the interviewer.
A:我很害羞,我恐怕见到面试官时吓得浑 身发抖。
B: You’d better overcome your nervousness. it is considered an indication that you lack self-confidence.
B:你最好要克服紧张情绪,这是缺乏自信 心的表现。
A: Another problem is that I dare not look into their eyes whenever I meet strangers, especially foreigners.
A:我见到生人时不敢正视他们的眼睛,尤 其是见到外国人时。
B: In China, it is impolite to look into the senior speakers eyes while speaking. But in Western countries it is the opposite. Eye contact gives a strong feeling of sincerity. Looking downwards or sideways shows that you are either insincere or absent-minded.
B:在中国,年轻人说话时看着长者是很不 礼貌的。但在西方国家,正视对方的目 光是一种礼节。“目光接触”会给人留下 真诚、坦率的强烈印象。而目光低垂或 朝旁边看,则说明你不真诚或不专心。
A: Is there anything else that I should pay attention to in an interview?
A:在面试中还有什么注意事项吗?
B: Yes. Don’t eat onions or garlic before you come. If you do you’ll have bad breath.
B:是的,来之前不要吃洋葱和大蒜之类的 东西。不然的话口中会有异味。
A: I’ll remember to bring gum with me.
A:我要记得带口香糖。
B: You should never chew gum or smoke during an interview, even if you are 由-lowed to do so.
B:面试中不要嚼口香糖或抽烟。即便获得 允许,也不要这样做。
A: I remember now. Your advice is very helpful.
A:我记住了,你的建议很有用。
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学习了多年的英语之后,学生只会读,并且写的能力有限。他们无法用英语与别人交流。大多数学生的英语仍然是‘哑吧’英语,下面小编就分享日常生活英语听说句子给你们。
我可以请您帮个忙吗? Do you mind if I ask you a favor?
要注意回答“可以”时用No,“不可以”时用Yes。
Do you mind if I ask you a favor? (我可以请您帮个忙吗?)
No, not at all. (没问题,完全可以。)
= Can I ask a favor?
= May I ask you a favor? 这两个例句和上面例句不同,用Yes回答“可以”。
能帮把手吗? Would you give me a hand?
= Would you please help me?
= Would you mind giving me a hand?
= Could you help me out?
对不起…… I'm sorry to bother you,...
I'm sorry to bother you, but can you help me? (对不起,能帮我一下吗?)
It's no bother. (没问题。)
乐意为您效劳。 I'll be glad to.
= I'd be happy to.
= With pleasure.
= Love to.
我可不可以……/可不可以让我…… Could I possibly...?
Could I possibly use your bathroom? (我能用一下您的洗手间吗?)
Of course. (当然。)
如果可以的话,…… If you'd like,...
you'd是you would的缩写形式。
= If you want to,...
请您把糖拿过来行吗? Could you pass the sugar, please?
用于吃饭时等请别人拿自己够不到的东西时。
Could you pass the sugar, please? (请您把糖拿过来行吗?)
Sure. Here you are. (好的。给你。)
= Could I have the sugar, please?
= Could you hand me the sugar, please?
= Could you give me the sugar, please?
= Sugar, please. 比较随便的说法。
给! Here you are.
用于拿出对方所期待着的东西时。
= Here you go.
= Here it is.
请做这个。 Please do this.
What do you want me to do? (你想让我做什么?)
Please do this. (请做这个。)
= Please take care of this.
= Would you please do this (for me)? (您能为我做这个吗?)
您能开车送我到那家店吗? Would you drive me to the store?
= Would you take me to the store?
= Would you drop me off at the store? (能让我在那家店下车吗?)
您能帮我找到ABC饭店的电话号码吗? Would you help me find the number for the ABC Hotel?
Would you help me find the number for the ABC Hotel? (您能帮我找到ABC饭店的电话号码吗?)
My pleasure. (可以啊!)
我不知道怎么填这张表。 I don't know how to fill out this form.
fill out是固定搭配,表示“在空白处填写”。form是“表格用纸”。
= How do I fill out this form?
= Can you help me with this form? (您能帮我填一下这张表吗?)
告诉我为什么? Tell me why.
= What's the reason? (理由是什么呢?)
= Why do you think that? (你为什么那么想?)
能借用一下你的钢笔吗? May I borrow your pen?
borrow“借入”。
= May I use your pen?
= Is it okay if I use your pen?
有笔吗? Do you have a pen?
= Do you have a pen that I can borrow?
能借给我10美元吗? Can you lend me ten dollars?
你能给我打个电话吗? Would you give me a call?
= Could you call me?
= Can you ring me up?
你今天晚上如果能给我打个电话的话,我将非常感激。 I'd appreciate it if you could call me tonight.
I'd appreciate it if you could call me tonight. (你今天晚上如果能给我打个电话的话,我将非常感激。
I'd be glad to. (我非常愿意。)
请关小点儿声。 Please turn it down.
turn down 是“关小”电视、收音机等的声音。另外关于turn还有以下几种用法。
turn up (开大〈电视、收音机等〉的声音。)
turn off (关上〈电视、收音机等〉)
turn on (打开〈电视、收音机等〉)
= Would you please turn it down? 比较有礼貌的说法。
Would you please turn it down? (能把声音关小点吗?)
All right. (好吧!)
Not so loud, please.
= Please lower the volume.
= It's too loud. Turn it down. (太吵了,关小点声。) 带有命令的语感。
等我回来。 Wait here until I get back.
= Please wait here for me.
劳驾。 Excuse me.
用于向不认识的人打招呼时。是一句很常用的口语。
Excuse me. (劳驾。)
Can I help you? (有事吗?)
Pardon me.
喂,你! Hello, there!
= Hi, there!
喂! Hey!
表示呼吁、喜悦、吃惊等。口气有些傲慢无礼,所以对不认识的人最好用Excuse me.
= Yo!
= Hey, you!
= Say! 比较旧的说法。
你有空吗? Do you have time?
“你有时间吗?”,如果是Do you have the time?的话,意思是“你知道几点了吗?”。
Do you have time? (你有空儿吗?)
Sure. (有空。)
= Do you have a minute?
我想求你件事行吗? Can I ask you a favor?
常用在需要拜托或请求别人之前。
Can I ask you a favor? (我想求你件事行吗?)
Sure. What is it? (当然。什么事?)
Can I ask you a favor? (我想求你件事。)
Sorry, I'm busy. (对不起,我很忙。)
May I ask a favor of you? 更礼貌的说法。
= Could you do me a favor?
= Could you help me?
= Can you help me?
我想打听点儿事。 May I ask you something?
May I ask you something? (我想打听点儿事。)
Sure. Go ahead. (当然,请说吧。)
= May I ask (you) a question?
= I'd like to ask you something.
= I have a question.
= Could you tell me something?
= Do you have time to answer a question?
= Could you answer a question?
= I hate to bother you, but can I ask you a question? (真不好意思,打扰您了,我可以问个问题吗?)
对不起,打断一下可以吗? Sorry for interrupting.
向正在工作或正在说话的人说话时的表达方式。
Sorry for interrupting... (对不起,打断一下可以吗?)
Oh, you're not. (噢,没关系。)
= I'm sorry to interrupt you.
= May I interrupt you?
= Excuse me for interrupting.
= Forgive me for interrupting.
你猜怎么着? Guess what?
跟对方说话时,说Guess what?来吸引对方的注意。
Guess what? (你猜怎么着?)
What? (怎么啦?)
= You know what?
对不起,我认错人了。 Sorry, I mistook you for someone else.
错向陌生人打招呼时。
Sorry, I mistook you for someone else. (对不起,我认错人了。)
That's all right. (没关系。)
= Sorry, I thought you were someone else.
= You're not who I thought you were. Sorry.
= Oops. My mistake. (不好意思,我弄错了。)
我能用一下您的电话吗? May I use your phone?
May I use your phone? (我能用一下您的电话吗?)
Go right ahead. (请用吧。)
我该怎么做呢? How should I do it?
Just start the car! (只要发动车!)
How should I do it? (我怎么发动汽车呢?)
你该这么做。 This is the way you should do it.
I can't do it. (我不会做。)
This is the way you should do it. (你该这么做。)
= This is how you should do it.
= You should do it this way.
= This is how you do it.
这样的话就会很顺利。 It'll do the trick.
表示稍微采用一些手段或方法就能产生所设想的效果/就会顺利。
How's this? (这样做怎么样?)
It'll do the trick. (这样就会见效。)
= It'll be effective.
= That'll work.
= That'll do it.
这样看上去好一些。 This looks better.
= This is more pleasing in appearance.
= I like the looks of this one better.
我用自己的办法做。 I'll do it my own way.
Let me show you how to do it. (我让你看看我的做法。)
I'll do it my own way. (我用我自己的办法。)
I'll do it the way I want to. (我用我自己想用的方法。)
像这样? Like this?
穿衣服时表示“是这样穿吗?”;吃第一次吃到的东西时表示“是这样吃吗?”。
You eat sushi this way. (寿司是这样吃的。)
Like this? (是像这样吗?)
= You mean like this?
像什么? Like what?
Like what? (像什么?)
Like chicken. (像只鸡。)
很简单。 It's easy.
= It's a cinch.
= It's a snap.
简单得不得了。 Just like that!
Can you buy guns in America? (在美国可以买到枪吗?)
Yes. It's easy, just like that! (是的,轻而易举。)
Just as if it were nothing. (简单得不能再简单了。)
有点儿难哦。 It's a little hard.
= It's kind of difficult.
很复杂哦。 It's complicated.
= It's complex.
首先应该做这个。 This is the first thing to do.
= You should do this first.
你掉了这个。 You dropped this.
drop “掉下,丢下”。
You dropped this. (你掉了这个。)
Oh, yeah. It's mine. (哦,对!是我的。)
我想这是你丢的吧! I think you dropped this.
I think this is yours. (我想这是你的吧。)
这是你的吗? Is this yours?
= Did you drop this?
这不是你的吗? Isn't this yours?
= Doesn't this belong to you?
是我的。 It's mine.
Yes, that's mine. (是的,那是我的。)
Yes, it's my handkerchief. (是的,是我的手绢。)
= It belongs to me.
我的钱包丢了。 I've lost my wallet.
这下可麻烦了。 I'm in trouble! be in trouble 表示“陷入困境”。
要我帮忙吗?/要我帮你拿吗? May I help?
May I help? (要我帮忙吗?/要我帮你拿吗?)
Sure. If you don't mind. (当然,要是不麻烦的话。)
= Do you want any help?
= Need any help?
= Need a hand?
= Do you need a hand?
= Can I give you a hand?
= Do you need some help?
= Can I help you carry that? (要我帮您搬吗?)
决定之前再好好考虑考虑。 Think twice before you decide.
这个怎么样? How about this one?
How about this one? (这个怎么样?)
It's the same price.(这个价钱也是一样。)
= What about this one?
我提个建议。 I want to make a suggestion.
= I want to offer a suggestion.
我们走近道吧! Let's take a short cut.
short cut表示“近路,捷径”。
= Let's go a shorter way.
咱们逃学吧! Let's play hooky!
play hooky 俚语,“逃学”。
= Let's skip school!
= Let's cut class!
= Let's ditch school!
我们打电话请个病假吧! Let's call in sick.
玩扑克吧! Let's play cards!
我有个主意。 I have an idea.
I have an idea. (我有个主意。)
What is it? (什么主意?)
= I've got it.
= I have come up with an idea.
= I have a good idea. (我有个好主意。)
这样怎么样? Tell you what.
用于向对方提建议时。它是I'll tell you what.的缩写。
Tell you what. Why don't you come to my house now? (这样怎么样?你现在就来我家一趟,怎么样?)
Okay. (好吧!)
让我考虑一下。 Let me think for a moment.
你好好想想看。 Just think about it.
I don't know what to say. (我不知道说什么好。)
Just think about it. (你好好想想看。)
你该剪剪你的头发了。 You should get a haircut.
= You should cut your hair.
= You need a hair cut.
你也一起来吧? Won't you join us?
Won't you...? 表示“……好吗?”,是一种表达建议的较随便的方式。
= Why don't you come along? (我们一起去吧?)
你有什么建议吗? What do you suggest?
= What is your suggestion?
打赌? Wanna make a bet?
wanna口语说法。是Do you want to...的缩写。
Wanna make a bet? (打赌?)
You're on! (行啊。)
= Do you want to bet?
= Why don't you put your money where your mouth is?
= Let's bet on it. (我们打个赌吧。)
= Want to bet?
我建议你坐出租车去。 I suggest you take a taxi.
有事吗? Can I help you?
直译是“我可以帮助你吗?”
Excuse me. (劳驾。)
Can I help you? (有事吗?)
= What can I do for you?
可以,什么事? Sure. What is it?
这种表达方式是作为对对方请求帮忙的回答。
= Sure, what can I do?
= Sure. How can I help?
= What is it?
有什么问题吗? Any problems?
= Is there a problem?
= What seems to be the problem?
= Anything wrong?
怎么了? What's the matter?
What's the matter? (怎么了?)
I don't feel well. (我觉得不舒服。)
当然。 Of course.
一般情况下的说法,“当然”。
Did you finish the report? (你写完报告了吗?)
Of course. (当然。)
Wanna come to my party? (你来参加我的舞会吗?)
Of course. (当然。)
Sure. 比Of course.要亲切一些。
= Okay.
= Certainly.
= Sure thing.
= For sure. 俚语。
= Surely.
No way. (绝对不行。)
没问题/没关系。 No problem.
No problem是Don't worry的随意的表达方式。
Could you give me a hand? (能帮我一把吗?)
No problem. (没问题。)
= There's no problem.
= You bet.
= All right.
= Sure.
= Absolutely.
= Certainly.
= My pleasure.
这是谁的主意? Whose idea is it?
好的,谢谢。 Yes, thank you.
向对方表示感谢的心情。
Would you like to try? (你想试试吗?)
Yes, thank you. (好的,谢谢。)
No, thank you. (不,不用了。)
是的,拜托您了。 Yes, please.
请求对方帮忙时。
Would you like some more? (您想再要点儿吗?)
Yes, please. (是的,拜托您。)
您请。 Go ahead.
催促对方说话或行动时。
May I? (我可以<先……〉吗?)
Go ahead. (您请。)
您先请。 After you.
After you. (您先请。)
Thank you. (谢谢。)
= Go ahead. Go ahead比After you语气要随便。
这是我的荣幸。 My pleasure.
Thank you for the report. (谢谢你的报告。)
My pleasure. (哪里,我乐意之至。)
= It's my pleasure.
= I'd be happy to.
= It's no problem.
当然。 Why not?
表示“没有理由不同意”的语感,意为“当然”、“很愿意”。
Should we have more drinks? (我们再喝点儿吗?)
Why not? (当然。)
= No reason not to.
没关系。 No, not at all.
Would you mind if I smoked? (我可以抽烟吗?)
No, not at all. (没关系,您请。)
这就做。 I will.
Do your homework now. (你现在就做作业。)
I will. (这就做。)
= I'm going to.
= I'll do it.
明白。 Got it.
特别是在听到命令和吩咐时用。
Get it? (明白了吗?)
Got it! (明白。)
= Got you.
= Gotcha. 俚语。
不用多说了。(就交给我吧。) Say no more.
用来回答对方提出“想……”的请求时。
I hate to ask you for help, but... (我不太想麻烦你,但是……)
Say no more. (就交给我吧。)
= Be my guest.
= Don't worry about it.
= I'll take care of it.
= Leave it up to me.
就像在自己家里一样。 Make yourself at home.
I like your apartment. (我喜欢你的公寓。)
Make yourself at home. (请随便点儿,就像在自己家里一样。)
很高兴为您效劳。 I'd be happy to help you.
I'd be happy to help you. (很高兴为您效劳。)
That's alright. (谢谢!不用了。)
I'll be happy to help you.
I'd love to help. 女性常用。
I'd be more than happy to help you. 更强调高兴的表达方式。
遵命。 Certainly.
愉快地、感到荣幸地接受别人请求或提问时,给予的礼貌性的回答。
I'd like more water, please. (我想再要点儿水。)
Certainly. (遵命。)
照您说的做。 Whatever you say.
I think we should do it this way. (我认为应该这样做。)
Whatever you say. (照您说的做。)
You're the boss. (您是头儿,您定吧!)
You're in control. (由您掌管。)
为你做什么都行。 Anything for you.
Would you help me out? (你能帮我吗?)
Anything for you. (为你做什么都行。)
I'll do anything for you. 上句是这句的缩写。
交给我吧! I'll take care of it.
“我来做”、“我负责任”。
It's due tomorrow. (支付期截止到明天。)
I'll take care of it. (我来处理吧。)
= I'll handle it.
= Leave it to me.
= (You can) count on me. count on... “指望……”、“依靠……”、“期待……”。
= You can leave it up to me.
算我一个。 Count me in.
用在听到了有趣的事情或计划时,带有“让我也参加吧”的语感。
Are you coming? (你也来吗?)
Count me in. (算我一个。)
= I'm in.
= I'm into it. 比较随便的说法。
= Count me out. (我不做。/别把我算上。)
剩下的就交给我! I'll do the rest.
I have to leave early today. (今天我得早走。)
Okay. I'll do the rest. (好的,剩下的由我做吧。)
= I'll finish up.
= I'll take care of the rest of it.
就这么着,说好了。 Deal.
既可以作为问题,也可以作为回答,常用于妥协时、分配工作时。表示“那就开始吧”、“就这么定了”、“那就成交了”。
Is it a deal? (这样行吗?)
Deal. (行,就这么着。)
I'll cook if you do the dishes. Deal? (你洗碗,我就做饭,行吗?)
Deal. (就这么着。)
= It's a deal.
= That's a deal!
= That will do.
= No deal. (那样的话还是定不了。)
不管发生什么,我也要做。 I'll do it no matter what.
no matter what “无论怎样”、“无论发生什么”。
If you do that, you'll get fired. (如果你那样做,那你将被解雇。)
I'll do it no matter what. (不管发生什么,我也要这样做。)
I'll do it regardless of circumstances.
= Nothing will stop me from doing it.
= Nothing will get in my way of...
这相当简单。 It's quite easy.
How did you do that? (那是怎么做的?)
It's quite easy. (这相当简单。)
= It's pretty simple.
= It's really easy.
那算不了什么。 It's nothing.
That looks hard. (那看上去很难。)
It's nothing. (那算不了什么。)
= It's a cinch.
= It's a piece of cake.
那太好了。 That would be great.
Would you like some coffee? (你来杯咖啡吗?)
That would be great. (那太好了。)
= That would be perfect.
= That would hit the spot. (那太让人满意了。)
= That's exactly what I want. (那正是我想要的。)
= That would be grand. 比较旧的说法。
行吗? Would you?
I'll help. (我来帮你吧!)
Would you? (行吗?)
= Could you?
好吧! You're on!
就对方所说的事表示“可以”、“明白了”的感觉。
Let's play mah-jong. (我们玩麻将吧!)
You're on! (好吧!)
= Okay.
= Sounds good.
= I'll take you up on that offer.
= Let's get moving.
= You've got a deal.
如果不给您添麻烦的话。 If you don't mind.
Would you like some help? (用我来帮助您吗?)
If you don't mind. (如果不给您添麻烦的话。)
Excuse me. May I help you? (劳驾,我可以帮忙吗?)
Sure. If you don't mind. (嗯,如果不麻烦你的话。)
= If it's no trouble.
= If you wouldn't mind.
随时为您效劳。 Anytime.
对方说Thank you时的回答。表示“什么时候我都乐意为您效劳”、“无论什么时候我都可以帮忙”。
Thank you for everything. (太感谢您了。)
Anytime. (愿意随时为您效劳。)
什么都行。 Anything.
“什么都可以,按你说的做”。
What would you like to drink? (你喝点什么?)
Anything. (什么都行。)
那,我们做吧。 Let's do it!
对新事物、有趣的事情而言。
We should take a trip. (我们应该去旅行。)
Let's do it! (那我们去吧!)
Let's not. (算了吧!)
满足你的希望。 Your wish is my command.
I want that. (我要那个。)
Your wish is my command. (满足你的要求。)
= Anything you say.
= I wanna make all your dreams come true.
= I'm here to please you.
那个可以。 That will do.
How's this? (这个怎么样?)
That will do. (可以呀。)
= That's good enough.
什么都可以。 Anything'll do.
用于哪个都管用的时候。
哪儿都行。 Anywhere'll do.
足够了。 That'll be enough.
Should I make more? (再多做点儿吗?)
That'll be enough. (那就足够了。)
= That's enough.
= That will do for now.
什么事? What's it about?
Can I talk to you? (我能跟你说句话吗?)
Sure, what's it about? (当然,什么事?)
能告诉我您的电话号码吗? May I have your phone number?
May I have your phone number? (请告诉我您的电话号码。)
Sure, it's 1212-1212. (好的,1212-1212。)
= Your number, please?
= May I have your number?
= Could I have your number?
我希望可以,但是…… I wish I could, but...
委婉地拒绝对方要求的表达方式。
Could you work overtime tonight? (今天晚上能加个班吗?)
I wish I could, but... (我希望可以,但是……)
= I'd love to, but...
我不愿意。 I won't.
I want you to do it now. (我想让你现在就做。)
I won't. (我不愿意。)
不,谢谢。 No, thank you.
虽然很感激,但必须拒绝时使用。
Do you need help? (要我来帮你吗?)
No, thank you. (不,谢谢。)
No, thanks. 随便的说法。
Yes, thank you. (好吧,麻烦你。)
我想不行。 I don't think so.
Can we go? (我们也能去吗?)
No, I don't think so. (不,我想不行。)
= I don't believe so.
我不要。 I don't want it.
Here you are. (给你。)
I don't want it. (我不要。)
真的不要。 I really don't want it.
Take one. (拿一个吧。)
I really don't want it. (我真的不要。)
真抱歉,我不能帮助你。 I'm sorry I can't help you.
Where is the ABC Hotel? (请问ABC饭店在哪儿?)
I'm sorry I can't help you. (对不起,我帮不了你。)
Can you work overtime tonight? (今天晚上你能加班吗?)
I'm sorry, I can't help you. (对不起,我加不了班。)
= I'm sorry I can't assist you.
= I'm sorry I can't be any help.
我反对他的建议。 I'm against his proposal.
我很乐意,可我帮不了你。 I wish I could help you, but I can't.
Could you help me get a job? (您能帮我找一份工作吗?)
I wish I could help you, but I can't. (可惜我帮不了你。)
那事我使不上劲。 I can't do anything about it.
You have to help me. (你得帮帮我。)
I can't do anything about it. (那事我使不上劲。)
= There is nothing I can do about it.
= I can do nothing about it.
我无法满足你的愿望。 I can't make that happen.
I want to work for this company. (我想在这家公司工作。)
Sorry, I can't make that happen. (对不起,我无法满足你的愿望。)
我没那份心情。 I'm not in the mood.
Do you want to dance? (想跳舞吗?)
I'm not in the mood. (我没那份心情。)
= I don't feel like it.
很遗憾,我现在有件急事。 I'm afraid I've got urgent business now.
I'm afraid I've got urgent business now. (很遗憾,我现在有件急事。)
That's a shame. (真是太遗憾了。)
我有别的事。 I have other business to take care of.
Are you free today? (你今天有时间吗?)
No, I have other business to take care of. (没有,我有别的事。)
对不起,我现在正忙着呢。 I'm sorry, but I'm busy just now.
I'm sorry, but I'm busy right now.
对不起,我有急事。 I'm sorry, but I'm in a hurry.
Sorry, I don't have time. (对不起,我没时间了。)
现在不行。 Not right now.
我就算了吧。 Count me out.
自己不愿意参加,不愿意加入时使用。
Are you coming? (你来吗?)
Count me out. (我就算了吧。)
Count me in. (算上我一个。)
如果可以的话,最好不…… I'd rather not.
Let's go drinking. (我们去喝酒吧。)
I'd rather not. (我还是不去了吧。)
够了,够了。 Enough.
Enough表示“所有量,接受量足够了”。也可以用来表示有够多的麻烦和痛苦时。
You have to... (你必须……)
Enough. (够了,够了。)
= Enough already.
= That's enough.
已经足够了。 I've had enough.
How about more salad? (再来点儿沙拉,怎么样?)
No, thank you. I've had enough. (不,谢谢,已经足够了。)
很遗憾,今天我不太方便。 Unfortunately, it's not convenient for me today.
Why don't we have dinner together? (一起去吃顿饭,怎么样?)
Unfortunately, it's not convenient for me today. (很遗憾,今天我不太方便。)
没说到点儿上。/离题万里。 That's beside the point.
beside the point 表示“估计错的”、“没抓住中心的”。
If it hadn't rained, I would have done it. (要是没下雨的话,我就可以做,可是……)
That's beside the point. (根本没说到点儿上。)
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英文写作的四种文体及注意事项
同文体的写作
书面表达旨在测试学生的英语书面表达能力。高考的书面表达是一种指导性写作。试题对写作的目的,对象,体裁及字数等都有明确的规定。提供给学生的材料形式为文字,图画或图表。试题要求学生根据所给的情景和要表达的意义,写出一篇 100 字左右的文章。高考中常见的文体为记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文等。
(一)记叙文:
记叙文是以叙述人物的经历或事物的发展变化过程为主的一种文体。它分为记人和记事两种。记叙文的几个要点为:
1. 时间、地点、人物、事件,这几个要素在写作时要交代清楚。
2. 人称:记叙文一般可以有第一人称和第三人称两种叙事方式:第一人称是作者以当事人的口吻,把文章中的事情以“我”的所见所闻的方式来叙述,第三人称是写作者从旁观者的角度来叙述,反映事件中的不同人的感受和见解。
3. 记叙文的线索一般为时间,即按照事件的发展顺序来写。以可以按照地点的线索来写,即以地点的转移为顺序。
4. 重点突出,层次分明,详略得当。
5. 注意文章的完整性。
6. 所用的时态通常为一般过去时。
例: NMET 2004 辽宁卷
下面四幅图片描述的是星期天上午在中山公园里发生的一件事。请根据图片所提供的信息用英语为你校的“英语园地”写一篇文章。
注意:1. 短文必须包括所有图片的主要内容,短文的内容要连贯,完整。
2. 短文单词数 100左右。
3. 参考词汇:货摊 stand 抢夺 snatch 逮捕 arrest
写作步骤:
1. 审题:理解图意,将几幅图连成一个完整的故事。
2. 列出要点:
地点:公园的冰激凌货摊旁。
人物:一名年轻妇女,一个小偷和一个老人。
事件:年轻妇女的包被抢,人们追赶,老人用伞将其绊倒,警察逮捕抢劫者,妇女和人们感谢老人。
3. 将要点扩展成文,注意上下文的连接,用适当的连词,副词。
4. 通读一遍,改错。
Possible Version:
One Sunday morning, there were some people in Zhongshan Park. At a stand, a woman was buying an ice cream when a young man behind her snatched her handbag away. She shouted, “Stop the thief! He’s snatched my bag!” Hearing this, a few people began to run after him. There was an old man sitting quietly on a bench nearby. As the snatcher was running past him, the old man quickly picked up his umbrella and put it between the snatcher’s legs. The young man fell down on the ground hard. Soon two policemen came in a police car and arrested him. The woman thanked the old man, and the people around praised the old man for his cleverness.
(二)议论文:
在近几年的高考中,议论文的比重占得越来越多,议论文的出题形式可以多种多样,有看图写作、图表、表格、书信等各种类型,但文体实际上是议论文,而有时是夹叙的议论文。议论文的写作要点是:
1. 观点鲜明,文章一定有一个明确的中心论点。
2. 层次分明,一个中心论点通常有几个分论点支持,不同层次之间要分明,过渡清晰自然。
3. 最后一段一般要总结全文,得出一个符合逻辑的结论,突出中心思想。
4. 一般采用一般现在时。
5. 语言简洁有力,一般不采用口语。
例:
2005年全国高考英语(福建卷)
目前,学校存在少数学生考试作弊现象。某英文杂志社拟对此现象向中学生征文,标题是“My opinion on Cheating in Examinations”,请根据下列提示用英语写一篇征文稿。
内容要点如下:
主要原因:考试偏多,偏难;不用功,懒惰;取悦老师,父母
个人看法:作弊不对,影响校规;要诚实,努力学习;……其他看法
注意:
1. 短文必须包括所有内容要点,可适当发挥;
2. 短文标题与开头已为你写好,不计入总词数;
3. 词数:100左右;
4. 参考词汇:作弊 cheat (v.)
写作思路:
1. 首先审题,确定要点——本文的中心论题是:My pinions on Cheating in Examinations ,所以首先要提出中心论题,点题。
2. 接下来从两方面来讨论这个问题,可以分做两段,现分析这种现象的产生原因, 然后很自然地过渡到自己的看法。在讲述自己看法时要有鲜明的观点及支持观点的论据。
3. 最后对自己的观点做简短的总结,点题。
Possible Version:
My opinions on Cheating in Examinations
It is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school.
As students, we often take examinations at school, but sometimes we have too many examinations which are too difficult for us. On the other hand, some of us are lazy and don’t work hard at their lessons. So when taking examinations, they sometimes cheat in order to get better results to please their parents and teachers.
In my opinions , it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools. We students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard instead of cheating in examinations. What’s more, we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examinations.
In a word, it is wrong to cheat in examinations.
(三)说明文:
说明文是以简明的文字介绍事物的形状、性质、构造、变化、功用、特征等的文章。写好说明文的关键是抓住事物的特征,说明事物的顺序要有一定的逻辑性。
说明文常见的顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序等。
例: NMET 2004 江苏
假设你是李晓华,住在江城。你的加拿大笔友Bob来信谈到了你所居住的城市,并希望了解你家乡江城的情况。请你用英语写一封回信。回信必须包括下表中的内容:
自然情况:位于长江边,风景优美,适合居住;
成就:经济发展迅速;新建了不少工厂、住房、道路等;
存在问题:水,空气污染;交通拥挤;
对江城发展的看法:自己拟定;
注意:
1. 回信中不能使用“江城 ”以外的地名。
2. 词数:100左右。信的开头与结尾已为你写好,不计入词数。
3. 参考词汇:经济 economy n.
Dear Bob,
It’s very kind of you to write me and let me know about our beautiful city. Now I’d like to tell you something about my hometown Jiangcheng.
Yours,
Xiaohua
写作思路:
1. 首先确定这是一篇描述地方的说明文。
2. 确定写作要点:根据所给信息,大体可以分为三个部分——城市简介,可以按照地理位置、自然环境、城市面貌和变化发展这样的逻辑顺序写,接下来写你看到的问题,最后写你的一些看法和建议。
3. 各层次之间注意使用恰当的连词,让过渡自然,结构合理。比如: however, in my opinion 等。
Possible Version:
Dear Bob,
It’s very kind of you to write me and let me know about our beautiful city. Now I’d like to tell you something about my hometown Jiangcheng.
The city stands on the bank of the Changjiang river. It is a beautiful place for people to live in. Its economy has been developing rapidly in the past ten years. New factories, houses, and roads have been built. More schools and hospitals are available for its people. However, there are still some problems, such as water and air pollution and heavy traffic in rush hours. In my opinion, Jiangcheng should develop its economy scientifically. I would also think that the growth of its population should be brought under control so that we’ll have a better hometown in future.
Yours,
Xiaohua
(四)应用文:包括书信、通知、便条等。
(1)书信写作:在我们的日常生活中,我们经常给朋友、父母、亲戚等写信,这些信件都属于私人信件。私人书信是写给亲朋好友的,不仅是互通信息的工具,也是交流感情的渠道。书信写作是高考中经常出现的一种题型。写作时应注意以下要点:
1. 写好开头,提一提来信里谈到的各项事情,顺笔写来。
2. 一般先答复对方的问题,然后再谈自己想要说的话。
3. 结束信时要向对方表示友善或亲切的问候。
4. 语言要自然、平实、简洁。
Useful Expressions:
1. I’m very pleased to hear from you yesterday.
2. I’m sorry I’ve taken so long to answer your last letter.
3. We were all so pleased to hear you will be coming to visit us.
4. Look forward to hearing from you soon.
5. Please write back soon.
6. Do write to us when you have time.
7. We hope to hear from you soon.
8. Give my best wishes to the family.
例:
NMET 2005北京卷
美国中学生Jeff将要来你所在的红星中学学习中文,经协商安排住在你家。假设你是李华,请给Jeff写一封信,按照下图顺序介绍他来中国后的生活安排。
注意:1. 信的开头已为你写好。
2. 字数不少于60。
Dear Jeff,
I’m Li Hua from Beijing Hongxing School. I’m very happy to learn that you’re going to stay with my family while you’ re in Beijing.
写作要点:
1. 审清图意 信的内容包括以下几点:住宿、上学、就餐和课后活动。
2. 信可以分为三段来写,力求结构清晰,思路完整。
3. 注意语言亲切自然,避免使用过于书面的语言,比如过多的从句或过于华丽的词汇。
Possible Version:
Dear Jeff,
I’m Li Hua from Beijing Hongxing School . I’m very happy to learn that you’re going to stay with my family while you’re in Beijing.
While you are here, we’ll provide you with a room of your own with a bed, a desk, a couple of chairs and a TV. You’ll also have your own bathroom. Our school is quite close to our home, so we could go to school together by bike. At noon we’ll eat at the school dining hall. I’m sure you’ll like the delicious Chinese food there, and enjoy talking with friends over lunch. Classes in our school usually finish at 4:00 in the afternoon. You can then join other students in playing games or swimming. It will be a lot of fun.
If you have any questions or requests, please let me know. We’ll try our best to make your stay here in Beijing a pleasant experience.
Best wishes,
Li Hua
(2)通知的写作
通知是一种安排活动或布置工作时使用的文体,包括了口头通知和书面通知。口头通知是当面向有关人员口授有关活动的信息,而书面通知是以布告的形式把事情通知给有关人员。通知的要素是时间,地点,对象,事件具体内容,注意事项等。通知的语言应该是简洁明了,直截了当。还应该注意要有一定的逻辑顺序。
注意:
1)口头通知一般都会将下列词句放在开头
Ladies and gentlemen
Boys and girls
May I have your attention , please?
I have something important to tell you.
结尾时会以以下句子结束:That’s all. Thank you.
2)书面通知在正文之前的正中位置写Notice字样,结尾要写明时间及发出通知的单位。
例:
广播通知:
你校学生会将为来访的美国朋友举办一个晚会,要在学校广播中宣布此事,并欢迎大家参加。为使美国朋友能听懂,请你用英语写一篇广播通知。
要点如下:
宗旨:欢迎来访的美国朋友
组织者:学生会
时间:7月13日(星期六)晚7:30
活动内容:音乐,跳舞,唱歌,游戏,交换小礼品(请包装好,签名并在包装外面写上几个祝愿词)
May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make. The Students’ Union is going to hold a party on Saturday evening, July 13, to welcome our friends from the United States. The party will be held in the roof garden of the Main Building. It will begin at 7:30 PM. There will be music, dancing, singing, games and exchange of gifts. You may bring along a small gift for this purpose. Remember to wrap it up, sign your name and write a few words of good wishes.
Don’t forget: 7:30, Saturday evening, roof garden, Main Building. It’s sure to be a lot of fun. Everybody is welcome.
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