为您找到与英语听力入门听力材料相关的共200个结果:
我们都知道学英语需要有一些材料。现在市场上相关的书籍真是琳琅满目。可是这些材料哪些才是适合我们自己的呢?下面一起来看看吧。
个人觉得VOA是学英语最好的材料之一,通过VOA我们可以学到很多原滋原味的英文。包括地道的发音,俚语,最新词汇等等。
下面给大家介绍一些英语新闻,是一些比较适合练习听力的材料。供大家参考:
比如VOA、BBC和CCTV英语新闻、China Daily(中国日报)、China Today(今日中国)等英语新闻节目、报刊,都是为讲英语的人而设计制作的,是绝对地道的英语,而且涉及内容十分广泛,形式多种多样,包括政治、经济、科技、军事、教育、文化、体育、医学、宗教、历史、世界热点问题以及风土人情等社会生活的方方面面,通常还有一些新闻人物的谈话录音。
有声新闻材料的语音、语调、节奏、停顿通常都很自然、准确,说话者声音之间常可能有重叠现象,也可能有背景声音、停顿以及不完整的句子等等,而这些都是语言真实性的反映,是英语学习最好的素材。
而且这些材料大家都可以很容易找到的。比如VOA很多网站都有,CCTV英文频道独家都可以看得到。
但是 无论是哪种内容的新闻,大多数都采取新闻报道常用的所谓“导言法”进行报道。导言开门见山直接展示新闻最重要的内容。
新闻报道的这种独特而又基本的结构也被称为 “倒金字塔”(inverted pyramid)结构。这样安排内容,便于把最重要、最精彩、最吸引人的部分放在最前面,形成导言,而次要的部分紧随其后,构成补充或细节说明,最不重要的部分则安排在最后,作为背景材料。
新闻报道导言一般有六个基本要素,即5个W和1个H,也就是Who(何人)、What(何事)、When(何时)、Where(何地)、Why(何故)及 How(如何),这6个基本要素勾画出一则新闻报道的内容。
了解英语新闻的特点,便于理解其含义,进而了解其内容。
我相信通过这些英语新闻大家不仅可以锻炼听力,也可以学好发音,口语等。就靠大家平时的积累和练习了!
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我们都知道学习英语,听力是第一步,选择怎么样的材料最适合听力练习呢?小编建议大家,教材不在于多,在于精,我们发现有时候我们买了太多的材料,结果没有一本完全看完的,所以选择教材的时候选择一本或者两本就足够。能把一本教材读透了,你的英语水平一定会大有突破的。那么,我们应该怎样选择英语听力练习材料呢?
下面我为大家讲解一下如何选择英语听力材料。
听力本身的提高源于听力词汇量(即指听到后能立刻反应其意思的词汇)的增大与对不同地方口音的识别能力的加强。就词汇量而言,需要根据读者自身情况进行因材施教,一般而言,该材料的阅读生词量(即指看到后能直接反应其意思的词汇)应控制在5%以内,类似《走遍美国》(Family Album),《空中美语教室》(Studio Classroom)等都比较适合推荐给有一定英语基础的读者,而《色拉英语》(Salad English)则适合基础相对较薄弱的读者循序渐进,因为其词汇量的安排也是由浅入深的一个变化过程。
以上材料的一大共同特色,也是学习听力的教材所必须具备的,是以场景为单位的安排模式。该模式从生活实用性角度而言是最为科学的。当读者具备一定词汇量后可以开始涉足一些电影材料的学习,但就选材而言,以生活片、伦理片、爱情片等为宜,诸如《阿甘正传》(Forrest Gump)、《公主日记》(Princess Diary)等。因为这些片种更接近日常生活的表达,因此其词汇的选择更为实用,尤其值得一提的是Disney的真人片一般都简单易懂贴近生活。应当注意避免使用以动作片为代表的语言含量过少的片种,以及以科幻片为代表的词汇过难的片种,类似《黑衣人》(Man in Black)、《星球大战》(Star Wars)等恰恰两者兼而有之。
就口音识别能力的提高,则需要尽量接触各种类型的发音特色,这一点在选材上较为困难,一般而言BBC能满足对英音的需求,而VOA则能满足对美音的需求,但两者就词汇量而言还是有一定难度,尤其是它们都以新闻素材为主。
因此就英音和美音而言,推荐使用《新概念英语》(New Concept English),该教材本来就有4册按难度排列,另外也有英音和美音版的音像素材可供学习,当然,早期的一些类似《英语900句》之类的教材的配套听力素材对听说能力相对薄弱的同学来说,也不失为一种不错的选择。
而其他的一些发音特色往往比较难以获得,类似《阿甘正传》(Forrest Gump)的阿拉巴马音(Alabama Tone)为美国南部乡村发音特色;一些动画中的发音夸张化特色,尤以Disney为甚;而西班牙音,亦称拉丁音,主要源于拉丁美洲人进入美国后所产生,该发音在美国电影中经常可以接触到,诸如《越狱》中菲尔南多·苏克雷(Sucre)等,但如果要典型的浓重拉丁口音,则需要从雅思考试(IELTS)的一些素材中予以提取,有时间或可以在一些英语版的拉美片中找到其综计;印度音在中国相对最难接触到,但如果身边公司里有印度的工作人员,往往可以进行一些刻意的交谈来熟悉其口音特色;日本音是除了主流发音特色外在中国相对最为容易接触到的一种发音特点,一是因为中国日本公司本来就很多,其次日剧、日本动漫等大量涌入国内,而日语中现在也很盛行直接使用一些英语的外来语,所以多接触些日剧或日本动漫,无疑对提高日式英语的识别能力也有一定帮助。
听写练习是听力的升级版本,素材基本可以以一些速度相对较慢的学术性材料为主,类似BBC、VOA、VOA SPECIAL、CRI、CRI SPECIAL等都是非常不错的练习素材。当然,也可以使用类似一些考试所使用的素材来进行提高,类似4、6级的文章类素材、雅思考试素材、托福考试素材等。
大家也可以利用网上学英语听力,现在很多网站都有VOA,BBC,CRI等听力频道,大家也可以下载MP3格式的下来学习。总之希望大家多多训练!熟能生巧!
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很多人也许现在正在苦恼,为什么英语学习如此困难啊,其实英语学习重要的的培养兴趣,.培养对英语的兴趣并不难.当我们可以说点儿简单的英语,用英语与别人或与老外交谈,或作别人的翻译时,我们就可以从英语学习中得到满足感和成就感,这样,兴趣就培养起来了。
一般英语学习者,在全面提高英语的前提下,要提高听、说能力,应首先注意以下三点:
1.注意区分和模仿正确的语音、语调在英语里有不少读音相近,但意思却截然不同的词汇,象cure[kjue](医愈)和 kill[kill](杀死),menu(菜单)和manure(肥料)等。设想如果有一个医生想说:"I'll cure you."(我要治好你的病。)却因发音不好,说成:"I'll kill you."(我要杀死你。)那病人会吓成什么样子。又比如,有人对你说:" I am thirty.My wife is thirty,too."而你听到的却是:" I am dirty. My wife is dirty,too."你一定会莫名其妙。实际上,所差之外就是一个音素。因此,我们从一开始就要注意区分和模仿正确的语音,语调。在这个基础上提高听、说,才能收到良好效果。
2.创造一定的听、说环境听、说是一种语言交流,没有一个外语环境或一定的听、说条件,只靠单枪匹马很难收效。当然,现代科学为我们提供了录音机这一工具,我们可以把课文,对话和中外成品磁带录制下来反复听和模仿。还可以把自己的口头作文和复述录下来,仔细审听,发现问题,及时纠正。但是,在自然条件下,听与说是不能分的。一个人听的过程实际是另一个人说的过程。如果有条件的话,最好能把自学的伙伴组织起来,定期开展会话活动,或利用社会上,公园中提供的" 外语之角"等条件,既练了说,又练了听,在实际的语言环境中练习,才能取得长足的进 步。
3.要有不怕听错,说错,不断苦练的精神练习听、说的学习者,特别是成年人,往往必听错、说错,不敢主支张口练习。然而,语言是一种习惯,没有反复的操练和实践难以产生熟练的技巧。会话重在达意,只要达到交流思想的目的,这种听、说实践就应该说是基本成功的。出了错,注意总结经验,自学改正就是了。
建议大家不要用电影对白或者托福听力的对话部分练听写。换句话说,对话类型的材料(conversations)是不适合拿来练听写的。原因很简单,对话的难点不在于某一个词,或一个复杂的句型,或比较晦涩的内容,或巨大的信息量。
难点往往来自于一些音变现象,比如连读失去爆破;来自于一些俚语习惯表达;来自于上下文语境的理解。换句话说,很多对话材料,就算原文里每个单词你都认识,但不一定理解这句话的意思。所以,费了半天劲听写下来的对话内容,要么看不懂不理解;要么就是这次看懂了,下次还是听不出。所以,对话材料应该采用的练习方法其实是跟读模仿。
用来练听写的材料应该是一个人的陈述、讲座之类的(Lecture)。之所以选择这样的材料,是和练听写的目地分不开的。练听写的核心本质其实是为了提高我们快速理解和记忆的能力。
有的同学误以为听写就是要把听到的所有内容都写下来,那是一些考试的要求,不是我们平时提高听力的方法。如果那样练习,你会发现两个问题:一是,有的时候就算写下来了,其实也不知道自己写了些什么。二是,觉得刚才听懂了,但要下笔写的时候觉得又忘了听到什么了。
造成这两种情况的原因,都是因为我们没理解听到的内容。听写真正应该做的是记忆和总结的工作,而不是听和写的工作。什么叫做记忆和总结,就是我们不需要完全按顺序重复这一个人的每一个字,但我们要做到能理解它的内容,并在总结后复述出来。这才是我们练听写真正的目地。如果我们总是反复听原文,一个字一个字写,可能半个小时才写了一个五分钟的文章,而这半小时的投入可能就没有达到什么提高听力水平的效果。
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学英语,听力越来越重要,怎样有利用好听力材料,有效地提高听力学习效果是学习者非常关心的问题。以下是小编为大家整理的练英语听力的材料,希望对大家有帮助。
1. Lost 2004 - 9.1 迷失
2. Small Ville 2001 - 8.9 超人前传
3. Nip/Tuck 2003 - 9.0 整容室
4. 24 2001 - 9.2 24小时
5. Family Guy 1999 - 9.1 家庭伙伴
6. Gilmore Girls 2000 - 9.0 吉尔莫女孩
7. Desperate Housewives 2004 - 8.7 绝望主妇/欲乱绝情妻
8. The O.C. 2003 - 8.5 橘镇风云 /橘子郡
9. Prison Break 2005 - 9.2 越狱
10. House 2004 - 9.2 豪斯医生
11. One Tree Hill 2003 - 8.8 篮球兄弟
12. South Park 1997 - 9.0 南方公园
13. Grey's Anatomy 2005 - 9.1 实习医生格蕾
14. Monk 2002 - 9.1 神探阿蒙
15. Friends 1994 - 2004 9.1 老友记 /六人行
16. Beauty and the Geek 2005 - 7.8 男才女貌
17. America's Next Top Model 2003 - 8.0 全美超级模特儿新秀大赛
18. Sex and the City 1998 - 2004 8.6 欲望都市
19. 别对我说谎
20. 皮囊
21. 美国偶像
22. The L Word 2004 - 8.8 女欢女爱
23. 律政佳人
24. 90210
25. Gossip Girls绯闻女孩
26. 整容室
27. 调教富家女
28. 青春密语
29. 女人帮
30. 口红森林
31. 情妇 Mistress
32. Will & Grace 1998 - 8.6 威尔与格蕾丝
33. 新飞跃比佛利
34. 学徒
35. 2044
36. 美国派
37. 丑女贝蒂
38.天桥风云
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入门,是指进门;为初学者指示门径的书。那么,你知道入门的英语怎么说吗?
这门课程是作为该科目的入门课而开设的。
This course is designed as an introduction to the subject.
它们是入门和寻找详细技术信息的好去处。
They are a great place to get started and find detailed technical information.
入门 英语怎么说
所有的潜在入门企业自身的成长过程才是至关重要的。
The experimentation across potential entrants is more vital.
我们大多数人性入门的途径都很可耻。
Most of us are introduced to sex in shameful ways.
每个人在小学都学习算术入门课程。
Everyone learns the rudiments of arithmetic in elementary school.
这本书是要用作文学入门读物的。
This book is designed as an introduction to literature.
本书试图为这一课题提供一个基础入门。
This book is an attempt to provide a basic introduction on the subject.
他对计算机的奥秘尚未入门。
He has not yet been thoroughly initiated into the mysteries of computers.
我从图书馆借了一本语音学入门书。
I borrowed from the library a primerof phonetics.
增加新功能并不一定需要提高入门的门槛。
Adding new features does not necessarily raise the bar for entry.
他学汉语刚刚入门。
He has just learned the rudiments of Chinese.
你本不能在入门阶段,接触到这些东西的。
You would never touch these things at the introductory level.
对很多人来说,三年的法学院学习只能是一个入门。
For many people, three years of law school serve only as an introduction.
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下面是读文网小编整理的八年级英语听力材料,希望对大家有帮助。
M: What are you going to do this weekend?
W: Nothing much.
M: Then come to school earlier tomorrow.
W: Why? We don’t have lessons tomorrow
M: Of course we don’t. So please wear old clothes and strong shoes.
W: What are we going to do? Are we going to have a football match?
M: No, we are going to plant trees on the hill behind our school
AC
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下面是读文网小编整理的宝安英语听力常用句型,希望对大家有帮助。
宝安英语听力常用句型:
话听力中其它考查项目,如因果、条件、否定、比较等等。
as…as和……一样,not as/not so … as …和……不一样,twice (half) as … as…是……两倍/一半 三组表示同级比较。more/less…than,not more…than,not/no+比较级(=最高级)三组表示不等比较:“……比……更”。类似词还有never better, nothing better, than ever before, than anyone else, than anything else 等等。?
其它:the more…,the more…表示越……越……,not so much… as (=less… than …) 与其说……不如说……?
其它暗含的比较形式还有:动词prefer… rather than/to … , reduce … (to),形容词 top, favorite,句型 would rather … than … (宁可……也不……),the last (=the least likely),not the less (=none the less)仍然,依然??
下面重点介绍一些听力中常见的疑难句式,具体介绍以下几种类型:
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由于缺少英语环境,英语听力一直是同学们英语学习的弱项。那么,有没有什么英语听力技巧呢?小编将为大家奉上英语听力能力提升技巧的纯干货。
阅读应与听力练习同时,同比重的进行。很多人为提高听力把所有时间都集中在听力材料的练习上。我肯定的说,这是个错误。我们不是生活在国外,你无论怎样营造,都不能有一个真正的外国的文化氛围在你身边,这一个已经可以说明只注重单一的听力练习是错误的。其次,听力练习中,你接触到多少信息呢?这个信息包括词汇、语法、习惯用法、文化等等在接触材料时能够遇到的所有东西。我敢说你听十盒磁带不及我读一本原著的信息量。如果别人的说话内容超出了你那听得滚瓜烂熟的磁带内容,你是否有信心听懂?这可是十分自然的事情,你自己日常的说话内容,是否可以用十盒磁带来装得下来。只要你发音正确,你在阅读时接触到的词,如果让你在听的时候遇到,很多都有可能听懂。倘若你的听力目标是想听什么就能听懂什么的话,阅读起到的作用更是举足轻重。同时,如果你连在阅读中都无法读懂的句子,你在听力中能够听懂吗?我想来个总结:词汇量和语法是阅读的关键,阅读量的多少以及阅读能力的好坏决定听说能力的高低,而我们学习语言,又必须从听说开始。
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采取一些简单的英语口语对话,在平时的时候慢慢进行练习。以下是读文网小编给大家带来英语口语对话练习,以供参阅。
1. Give me a break! 饶了我吧!
2. Give me a hand! 帮我一个忙!
3. Great minds think alike! 英雄所见略同!
4. Ill treat you to lunch. 午餐我请你!
5. In one ear, out the other ear. 一耳进,一耳出!
6. Im spaced-out! 我开小差了!
7. I beg your pardon! 请你再说一遍!
8. I cant afford that! 我付不起!
9. I cant follow you! 我不懂你说的!
10. I cant help it! 我情不自禁!
11. I couldnt reach him! 我联络不上他!
12. I cross my heart! 我发誓是真的!
13. I dont mean it! 我不是故意的!
14. I feel very miserable! 我好沮丧!
15. I have no choice! 我别无选择了!
16. I watch my money! 视财如命!
17. Ill be in touch! 保持联络!
18. Ill check it out! 我去看看!
19. Ill show you around! 我带你四处逛逛!
20. Ill see to it! 我会留意的!
21. Im crazy for you! 我为你疯狂!
22. You make me jump! 你吓了我一跳!
23. Make up your mind. 作个决定吧!
24. Make yourself at home! 就当在家一样!
25. My mouth is watering! 我要流口水了!
26. Never heard of it! 没听说过!
27. Nice talking to you! 很高兴和你聊天!
28. No doubt about it! 勿庸置疑!
29. No pain no gain! 不经一事,不长一智!
30. None of your business! 要你管?
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下面是学习英语语法的基础知识哦,来学习下吧!
英语语法基础知识入门教程
音 标
学习提示:
在我们开始学习英语语音音标之前,有一点大家要记住:不要试图用汉语普通话的近似的音去代替英语的音标。例如,有人把英语字母“n’'念成“恩”,用汉语的“e”来代替英语的[e],把字母f、m、x分别念成“爱弗”、“爱木”、“爱克斯”。这是一种很坏的习惯,它使你永远也学不到纯正的英语发音。记住,英语的音标跟汉语的音标缺乏可比性。例如,英语的单元音有十二个之多,而汉语只有六个。即使是两者相似的音,它们在发音的口型、音的长短上都有差别。
音素分类:
英语的音标共有48个,其中元音音标20个,辅音音标28个。相信大家对它们都不陌生了,在正式开始音标学习之前,让我们再来熟悉一下这48个音标。
元音
1、单元音 前元音:[i] [i:] [e] [?]
中元音:[?:] [?] [?]
后元音:[a:] [?] [?:] [u] [u:]
2、双元音 合口双元音:[ei] [ai] [?i] [?u] [au]
集中双元音:[i?] [ε? ] [u?]
辅音
1、爆破音 [p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g]
2、摩擦音 [f] [v] [θ] [e] [s] [z] [?] [?] [h] [r]
3、破擦音 [ts] [dz] [tr] [dr] [t?] [d?]
4、鼻音 [m] [n] [?]
5、半元音 [j] [w]
6、舌侧音 [l]
音标记忆法:
不要为音标的分类名称操心,你并不需要记住这些名称;也不要为音标的数目太多而发愁,照下面的两个记忆方法去做,你一定能在十分钟内将所有的英语音标记住。
一、元音分组记忆法:将元音音标分成四个大组和四个单个,帮助记忆。
1、四大组
第一组 第二组 第三组 第四组
[i] [i:] [i?] [ei] [ai]
[?] [?:] [?u] [ε?]
[u] [u:] [u?] [au]
[?] [?:] [?i]
记忆窍门:
第一组为“基本型”;第二组为基本型的“延长型”;在基本型后加长音符号;第三组为基本型的“前置型”;第四组为基本型的“后置型”。
2.四单个:一座山[?],一朵花[?],一个[e],一个[a:]
二、辅音成对记忆法:将辅音分成十对和八个单个,帮助记忆。
1.十对
爆破组 摩擦组 破擦组
[p] [b] [f] [v] [ts] [dz]
[t] [d] [θ] [e] [tr] [dr]
[k] [g] [s] [z] [t?] [d?]
[?] [?]
记忆口诀: 十对的辅音清、浊成对,每对的发音部位相同。
2.八单个:[m] [n] [?] [j] [w] [r] [l] [h]
记忆口诀:三鼻音[m] [n] [n], 两半元[w] [j] , 一个[r],一个[l],还有一个[h]。
音节
一、定义:一个元音音素(双元音为一个音素)为一个音节。
1、[ai] [n?u] [st?nd] [ti:t?] 均为单音节。
2、['mi:t?] ['reiz?] 均为双音节。
3、['s?u??list] [repri'zent?tiv]均为多音节。
二、音节的划分:
1、每两个元音之间有一个辅音,该辅音归后。如:['mi:t?] ['reiz?]
2、每两个元音之间有两个辅音,则前后各一个。如:['men??nd] ['f?ktri]
3、每两个元音之间有三个及以上的辅音,依次读出其本身的发音即可。如:
['empti]
简记为:一归后,二分手。
试读:[steid] ['a:ft?] ['men??nd] ['f?ktri] ['s?u??list] [repri'zent?tiv]
三、开、闭、r音节:
1、开音节,又分绝对开音节和相对开音节。
绝对开音节:以发音的元音字母结尾的音节。如:no,we.she。
相对开音节:以元音字母+辅音字母(r除外)+不发音的e结尾的音节。如:these,those,page,life,use。
2、闭音节:以一个或几个辅音字母(r除外)结尾,而中间只有一个元音字母的音节。如:bad,desk,sit,long。
3、,元音字母+r,即 ar er ir or ur
4、元音字母在重读开音节、重读闭音节和r读音节中的读音。
元音字母在重读音节中的读音
字母 开音节 例词 闭音节 例词 r音节 例词
A [ei] name [?] bag [a:] car
E [i:] these [e] pen [?:] her
I [ai] bike [i] his [?:] girl
O [?u] no, note [?] not [?:] for
U [ju:] student [?] bus [?:] nurse
由上表可见:元音字母在重读的开音节中就读字母本身的音。(注意:一切规律都不能包罗万象,如,不符合此规律的词有come, love 等等)
句子成分与句子
第一章 句子成分
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。英语句子主要成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、状语、补足语和定语。
1、主语
主语是一个句子的主体,是句子所要说明的人或事情,表示句子描述的是“谁”“什么”。主语一般位于陈述句句首,但在there be结构中主语位于谓语后面。
能作主语的有名词类(含代词、数词);非谓语(含不定式、ing 分词)、从句。
1)名词类
Professor Smith is a famous scientist.史密斯教授是著名的科学家。
We often speak English in class.我们经常在课堂上说英语。
One-third of the students in this class are girls.这个班1/3的学生是女生。
2) 非谓语
To master a foreign language is necessary.掌握一门外语是必要的。
Smoking does harm to the health.吸烟有害健康。
3)从句
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided yet.
我们什么时候进行英语测验还没有决定。
Whether he’ll join us in the discussion is of great importance.
他是否参加我们的讨论是很重要的。
2、谓语
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。只有动词在句中才能作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
1)简单谓语
由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:
He practices running every morning.他每天早晨练习跑步。
Yesterday afternoon he reached China.昨天下午他到达桂林。
2)复合谓语
(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成
You may keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周。
You’d better not take the magazine out of the reading-room.
你最好不要把这本杂志拿出阅览室。
He has caught a bad cold.He has to go to see a doctor.
他患了重感冒,必须去看医生。
3、表语
表语用来说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。
能作表语的有名词类(含代词、数词);形容词;非谓语动词(含分词、不定式、动名词;介词短语、副词及从句。
1)名词
He is an astronaut.他是一位宇航员。
2)形容词
The weather has turned cold.天气变冷了。
3) 非谓语动词
My job is to teach English. 我的工作是教英语。
The speech is exciting.这演讲激动人心。
His hobby is playing football.他的爱好是踢足球。
The teacher was pleased with my spoken English.老师对我的英语口语很满意。
4)介词短语
The machine must be out of order.这机器一定出毛病了。
He is against our plan.他反对我们的计划。
5)副词
Time is up.The class is over.时间到了,下课。
My father isn’t in.He is out.我父亲不在家,他出去了。
6)从句
The truth is that he has never been abroad.实际情况是他从未出过国。
What I want to know is when we’ll have the sports meet.
我想知道的是我们什么时候开运动会。
4、宾语
宾语表示及物动作的对象或承受者,用于回答谓语“谁”和“什么”,一般位于及物动词后面。但英语介词后也要求用宾语。
可充当宾语的内容和主语一样。
1)名词类
They went to see an exhibition yesterday.他们昨天去看了展览。
We should learn from him.我们应该向他学习。
2)非谓语类(不定式、ing 分词)
He pretended not to see me.他假装没有看见我。
She didn’t know what to do next.她不知道下一步做什么。
I enjoy listening to popular music.我喜欢听流行音乐。
3)从句
I think(that)he is fit for his office.我认为他称职。
He asked me whose pronunciation was the best in the class.
他问我班上谁的发音最好。
5、补语
补语用于补充说明主语或宾语。补语通常由形容词、名词或其他相当的结构担任。补语可分为宾语补足语和主语补足语。
1)宾语补足语:
The government appointed her chief delegate to the conference.
政府任命她为出席那个会议的代表团团长。(名词)
He doesn’t believe the story true.
他不相信这故事是真的。 (形容词)
The doctor advised her to stay in bed for a week.
医生建议她卧床休息一周。 (不定式)
They saw her walking into the bookstore.
他们看见她进书店了。 (分词短语)
The children saw the kite up and up.
孩子们看到风筝越飞越高。 (副词)
You should put your books in order.
你应该把书摆整齐。 (介词短语)
2)主语补足语:含宾语补足语的句子改成被动语态时,原宾语和宾语补足语便分别成为主语和主语补足语。
We found him working in the office.(在此主动句子中working是宾补)
我们发现他正在办公室工作。
He was found working in the office.(在此被动句子中working是主补)
他被发现在办公室工作。
6、定语
用来修饰、说明、限定名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
可充当定语的有形容词;非谓语类(含不定式,ing 分词和ed 分词);名词类(含代词、数词、名词所有格);介词短语、副词和从句。
单个词作定语通常位于所修饰的词之前,但短语、从句作定语时通常位于所修饰的词之后。
1)形容词
Guilin is a beautiful city.桂林是一座美丽的城市。
A bright future shines before us.光明的未来展现在我们眼前。
2) 非谓语类
The building to be built next year will be our school.
明年要建的那幢楼将是我们的学校。
China is a developing country;America is a developed country.
中国是一个发展中国家,美国是一个发达国家。
3)名词类
There are thirty women teachers in our schoo1.我们学校有30名女教师。
More than thirty students in our class have read the book.
我们班三十多个学生读过这本书。
Mary’s parents have gone abroad.玛丽的父母出国了。
4) 介词短语
He is reading an article about how to learn English.
他正在读一篇有关如何学习英语的文章。
Who is the girl in red? 穿红衣服的那个姑娘是谁?
5)副词(多位于被修饰词之后)
A noise outside made him turn around.外面的喧闹声使他转过身来。
The man in the room below is friendly.楼下房间的那人很友好。
6)从句
There is nothing that worries him.没有什么事使他烦恼。
I will remember the day when I first met her.
我将记住第一次遇见她的那一天。
7、状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。
可充当状语的主要有副词、介词短语、非谓语类和从句。
1)副词
Light travels most quickly.光传播得最快。
Factories and buildings are seen here and there.
到处都能见到工厂和建筑物。
2)介词短语
He has lived in the city for ten years.他在那座城市住了10年了。
In spite of the difficulties,we went on with our work.
尽管有困难,但是我们仍继续工作。
3)非谓语类
The box is too heavy for me to lift.这个箱子太重,我抬不起。
He is in the room making a model plane.他在房间里做一架飞机模型。
Not knowing what to do,he decided to ask the teacher for advice.
他不知道怎么办好,就去问老师。
Encouraged by the teacher,I made up my mind to learn English well.
在老师的鼓励下,我决心把英语学好。
4)从句
Once you begin,you must continue.一旦开始,你就得继续下去。
I must work harder in order that I may catch up with the others.
为了赶上其他人,我必须更努力学习。
状语的种类
1)时间状语
How about meeting again at six? 6:00再见面怎样?
2)原因状语
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.
由于下雨,她昨晚没有去参加舞会。
3)条件状语
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.如果不下雨,我将到那里去。
As(So)long as you work hard,you can make rapid progress in English.
只要你努力,你就可以在英语方面取得很快的进步。
4)地点状语
Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.史密斯先生住在3楼。
Where there is water,there is life.有水的地方,就有生命。
5)方式状语
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.
她小心地把鸡蛋放在篮子里。
He has greatly improved his spoken English by this means.
他用这种方式极大地改善了他的英语口语。
6)伴随状语
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.她进来时手里拿着一本字典。
The teacher came in, followed by a group of students.
老师走了进来,后面跟着一群学生。
7)目的状语
In order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.
为了赶上其他人,我必须更努力学习。
I went there to see a friend of mine.我去那里看我的一个朋友。
8)结果状语
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.他累极了,立刻就睡着了。
We arrived there only to find an empty room.
我们到了那儿只发现了一个空房间。
9)让步状语
She works very hard though she is old.
虽然她年纪大了,但她仍然十分努力工作。
No matter when you come,you are warmly welcomed.
不管你什么时候来,都欢迎。
10)程度状语
They were greatly moved to hear the hero’s story.
听了英语的故事,他们深受感动。
I quite agree with you.我完全同意你的意见。
11)比较状语
I am taller than he is.我比他高。
The more I speak English,the better I’ll be.我越多讲英语,就讲得越好。
句子成分练习
指出下列句中画线部分的词性及在句中的作用
1. Tonight we have something special for dinner.
2. a. Thank you for years of your valuable service
b. She keeps her jewels, money and other valuables in the bank
3. He is a very fine musician.
4. a. The farmer enjoys the beauty of the long stretch of his land.
b. My wool sweater stretched when I washed.
5. a. I had a sharp pain in my back.
b. The meeting starts at 3 o’clock sharp.
6. a. Sound travels at 1,000 feet per second.
b. Your idea sounds a good one.
c. Old as Mary is,she still enjoys sound health
7. a. Father booked three seats on a plane.
b. Tom bought the tickets at the booking office outside the cinema.
8. a. On his way home he bought some apples at fruit stand.
b. The injured driver can hardly stand the pain any longer
c .This book stands high in my opinion.
9. To construct a reservoir is an important government project
10. a. Lovely Christmas presents are placed on the floor around a tree.
b. When George left office, the director presented him with a silver teapot.
c. We learn from the past, experience the present, and hope for success in the future.
第二章 句子
第一节 简单句
简单句的五种基本句型
英语句子的主要特征是:是句子就必须含有主、谓。英语简单句有以下五种基本句型。
1.主语+系动词+表语(简称,主系表)
系动词+表语构成名词性合成谓语;可作表语的有名词、名词所有格、代词主格或宾格、名词性物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、形容词、副词、数词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、动名词、动词不定式和从句等。
She is a student.(名词)她是个学生。
He seems a clever boy.他似乎是个聪明的男孩。
She looks like her mother.(介词短语)她样子象她母亲。
The film is moving.(现在分词)这影片令人感动。
This shirt is not yours,but hers.(名词性物主代词)
这件衬衫不是你的,是她的。
2.主语+不及物动词(简称,主谓)
The sun rises.太阳升起来了。
He has just come.他刚来。
3.主语+及物动词+宾语(简称,主谓宾)
We love our motherland.我们热爱祖国。
she reads newspapers after supper.她晚饭后读报。
I like swimming.我喜欢游泳。
Li Ping wants to be a doctor.李平想当医生。
4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(简称,主谓双宾)
直接宾语和间接宾语又叫双宾语。直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人。二者没有逻辑的主谓关系。要求跟双宾语的动词可分为两类:
(1)give,show,send,pass,hand,lend,post,serve,read,take,write,tell,teach.return,wish,allow,offer,promise,throw等。(sth. to sb.)
I lent her a novel.= I lent a novel to her. 我借给她一本小说。
Please show her your photos.= Please show your photos to her.
请把你的照片给她看看。
(2)buy,do, make,find,build, choose,cut,draw, earn,gather,paint,pick, prepare get,order,sing,spare等。(sth. for sb.)
Her mother bought her a red skirt.
= Her mother bought a red skirt for her.
她母亲给她买了一条红裙子。
Please do me a favor.= Please do a favor for me. 请帮个忙。
5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补(简称,主谓复合宾)
有些动词带一个宾语意思不完整,还需要一个宾语补足语进一步说明,意思才完整。宾语+宾语补足语构成复合宾语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑的主谓关系。双宾语之间则没有逻辑的主谓关系。
可作宾语补足语的词类有:名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词和介词短语。
常见的要求带宾补的动词有:make,elect,choose,call,name,leave,find, keep, think, set, let,see,show,ask,tell,invite,want,wish,advise,get,force,oblige,allow,permit,like,encourage,order,expect,prefer,hate,persuade等。
Her parents named her Mary.(名词)父母给她取名玛丽。
Do you find life hard here?(形容词)你感觉这儿的生活艰苦吗?
I’m so glad I found you in.(副词)我很高兴你在家。
I strongly advised him not to do so.(不定式)我竭力劝他不要这样做。
Suddenly I felt the atmosphere grow tense.
(不带to 的不定式)我突然感到气氛紧张起来。
I noticed him leaving the house.(-ing形式)我注意到他离开房子。
I was glad to see them so well treated.
(-ed形式)看到他们受到这样好的待遇,我很高兴。
另外,有些动词要求用it作形式宾语,名词或形容词作宾补,如:make,find,feel,think.
I feel it necessary to speak about my opinion.
(形容词)我觉得有必要谈谈我的意见。
思考题
1、什么叫双宾语?
2、什么叫复合宾语?
3、双宾语和复合宾语有什么区别?举例说明。
练习题:说出系列各句分别是哪种句型;如果含有宾补,请划出作宾补的词语。
1、The old man stopped to watch the children playing.
2、She is deeply moved.
3、What I want is this.
4、She is out.
5、Her job is looking after the children.
6、I hope that you can often write me letters.
7、Allow me a few minutes to read the magazine.
8、She offered an old man her seat.
9、She wrote a letter to me.(她写了封信给我。)
10、She wrote a letter for me.(她替我写了封信。)
11、How do you find the dish?
12、Please ask them upstairs.
13、Will you allow me to take this magazine home?
14、I’ve never seen you look so well before.
15、He kept you wait a long time.
16、They invited me to attend the party.
17、They made Smith the president of the University.
18、Doctors recognize Johnson as a leading authority.
19、His teacher advised him to take up the piano.
20、He gave me the facts in brief
第二节 并列句
并列句包括两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简单句。其结构为“简单句+连词+简单句”或中间由“;”连接。
1、表示延续、并列关系的连词有and(同,和),so(所以,因此),for, therefore(因为,所以),not only…but(also)(不仅……而且),neither…nor(既不……也不)等。如:
We help them and they help us.
我们帮助他们,他们帮助我们。
He has been working hard, so he has made much progress recently.
他一直努力工作,所以他近来取得了很大进步。
I think,therefore I exist.
我思故我在。
She not only writes her own plays, but she also acts in them.
她不仅自己编剧本,还饰演其中的角色。
He neither speaks English, nor understands it.
他既不会讲英语,也听不懂英语。
2、表示两者之间选择其一常用的有or(或者,否则),otherwise(否则),or else(否则),either…or(不是……就是)。如:
Either he is to blame or I am.
不是他该受责,就是我该受责。
You must go to work or/or else/otherwise you’ll lose your job.
你得去上班了,要不然就要失去这份工作了。
3、表示转折关系的并列连词有but(但是),yet(然而),still(仍然),however(然而),while(而,可是另一方面),whereas(而,反过来)等。
He is well over seventy, but he doesn’t look at all old.
他七十多岁,但看上去一点儿也不老。
She trained hard all year, yet she still failed to reach her best form.
她全年艰苦训练,然而仍未达到自己的最佳状态。
I drink black coffee while he prefers it with cream
我爱喝清咖啡而他喜欢加奶油的。
第三节 复合句
复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。从句包括名词性从句(主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句)、状语从句和定语从句。 如:
What he said is true. 他所说的是真的。(主语从句)
I didn’t hear what he had said. 我没听见他说的什么。(宾语从句)
The question is who will go there. 问题是谁愿意去那里。(表语从句)
I was about to leave,when the telephone rang.
我正准备离开,电话响了。(状语从句)
This is the book that I bought yesterday. 这是我昨天买的书。(定语从句)
名词性从句、状语从句和定语从句三大从句的具体用法下面我们要分别具体解释。
练习:判断下列句子是并列句还是复合句。
1. The wind blew hard; the snow fell heavily.
2. Use your head,and you’11 find the answer.
3. Do what you’ve been told,otherwise you will be punished.
4. Would you like a cup of coffee or shall we get down to business right away?
5. He is strong,while his brother is weak.
6. He got up early,(and)yet he failed to catch the early bus.
7. He knew what he wanted,however,he didn’t know how to get it.
8. Why he didn’t come wasn’t quite clear.
9. When we’ll have the sports meet hasn’t been decided yet.
10. She is weak, while his son is strong.
11. Though he is old,(yet)he works very hard.
12. I really believe(that)Tom was telling the truth.
13. I am sure that we can get there on time.
14. Do you know the man who is talking to Mr. Jack?
15. Where there is a will, there is a way.
16. Spring comes and trees turn green.
17. He doesn’t smoke,neither/nor does his brother.
18. I spoke so slowly that I could make myself understood.
第四节 名词性从句
一、 定义
首先,请同学们说出下列句各中划线词的词性及语法作用。
Mary is a teacher.
I like English.
结论:它们都是名词,在句中分别做主语、表语和宾语。即在英语中名词的主要作用是做主语、表语和宾语。
然后,我们一起分析下列各句中划线部分的语法作用。
That Mary is a teacher is known to us all.
I know that Mary is a teacher.
The fact is that Mary is a teacher.
结论:它们分别做主语、宾语和表语。均起到了一个名词的作用。再者,划线部分本身就是一个句子,故在复合句中起名词作用的从句统称名词性从句。
二、分类
请重读上述例句并依据它们在全句中的作用,说出它们具体的从句名称。
That Mary is a teacher is known to us all.
I know that Mary is a teacher.
The fact is that Mary is a teacher.
结论:在复合句中起主语作用的从句称为主语从句;
起____作用的从句称为宾语从句;
起表语作用的从句称为____从句;
名词性从句分三类:主语从句;宾语从句和表语从句。
三、连词
引导名词性从句的引导词有三类:
1. that
2. whether/if(主要用于引导主语从句和宾语从句);as if(主要用于引导表语从句)
3. who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how.
主语从句
that引导的主语从句
That he will come tomorrow is certain.
That she became monitor made us happy.
英文中有一种习惯,把that 引导的主语从句用it来代替它,即it做形式主语,把做真正主语的主语从句放在主句之后。如:
That he will come tomorrow is certain.
=It is certain that he will come tomorrow. 再例:
It is necessary that we learn English well.
It is a pity that we can’t go shopping.
It is said that he has been to England.
whether引导的主语从句
Whether she will be our teacher is not clear.
=It is not clear whether she will be our teacher.
Whether he will succeed or not doesn’t interest me.
=It doesn’t interest me whether he will succeed or not.
wh-词和how 引导的主语从句
(who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why均以wh开头,故统称wh-词)
Who will be our English teacher has not been decided.
What you have said sounds reasonable.
注意:1. that在主语从句中不起任何语法作用,但不能省略。
2. if 不能引导主语从句。
宾语从句
它可以作动词谓语的宾语,也可作非谓语动词、某些介词和某些形容词的宾语。
that引导的宾语从句
I really believe(that)Tom was telling the truth.
I am sure that we can get there on time.
由that引起的宾语从句在意思上相当于陈述句,此时that常可省去,但在以下几种情况下,that不可省。
1)that从句被短语,词组等与谓语动词分隔开时,that不可省。
They told us once again that this should never happen.
(此句中that引导的宾语从句被词组once again与主句隔开,因此that不可省。)
Everyone could see,I believe, that Mike was terrified.
(句中I believe为插入语,故that不可省)
2)当连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,第二个从句及以后的连接词that不可省。
She said(that)her mother had gone abroad and that she would come back in a week.
whether,if 引导的宾语从句
I don,t know if/whether he has ever been to New York.
I wonder whether he can speak German or not.
以上例句中的whether和if(是否)都是引导宾语从句的,一般情况下whether,和if可互换。但在下列情况下whether和if不可换用。
1)whether之后可紧跟or not或构成whether.. .or not结构,if后一般不能紧跟or not,但可构成if...or not结构.
I wonder whether/if Mr.Smith has arrived or not.
I wonder whether or not Mr.Smith has arrived.(不可用if代替)
2)当宾语从句是否定句时,只可用if而不可用whether。
I don’t care if she doesn’t smile.
3)当该宾语从句为介词宾语时,只可用whether而不可用if.
I’m not interested in whether you are against the proposal or not.
4)当宾语从句中出现了并列连词or构成的并列结构时,只可用whether而不可用if.
He asked me whether I was a student or a teacher.
wh-词和how 引导的宾语从句
I can’t imagine why he did that thing.
Please tell me where you went yesterday.
注意:1. 整个复合句是疑问句时,其中的宾语从句应用陈述句的语序。
2. 当主句的谓语动词是过去时态时,宾语从句的谓语应用过去相应的时态。(表示真理的和客观事实的除外)
表语从句
that引导的表语从句
The reason was that he fell ill.
My idea is that we should spend our holiday in Qingdao.
as if 引导的表语从句
The question is whether it is worth doing.
It looks as if it is going to rain.
wh-词和how 引导的表语从句
Is this where he was born?
The important thing is what on earth has happened to him.
The question is who will go there.
思考题
1.主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句为什么统称为名词性从句?
2.that 引导主语从句和宾语从句有什么异同?
3.whether 和if 在引导名词性从句时的区别是什么?
4.在宾语从句中,哪几种情况that不能省略?在语序和时态方面应注意什么?
练习:
一、找出下列各复合句中的从句并说明是什么从句,且口译全句。
1. It is a wonder that he should know so much about this matter.
2. I’m sure that you are the tallest man in the world.
3. We are afraid that the trip will be too much for an old man.
4. It doesn’t make much difference whether they come or not.
5. Whether or not he is your friend doesn’t too much.
6. Where she has gone is not known yet.
7. You may take whatever you like.
8. He told me where he had been.
9. I know when we will take off for London.
10. How he became a three-good student is known to us a11.
11. Why he didn’t come wasn’t quite clear.
12. It happened that they went out when I called.
13. When we’11 have the sports meet hasn’t been decided yet.
14. Whom the teacher will praise in class is an important question.
15. I’m sorry that I didn’t recognize you just now.
16. We are glad that none of you failed in this exam.
17. He said that he would call on his old teacher.
18. I heard that some of the old teachers in our school had retired.
19. I want to know what has happened to her.
20. Whose answer is correct will be discussed at the meeting.
21. Which composition is the best will be decided tomorrow.
22. I was surprised at what you said.
23. Did he say anything about how the work was to be done?
24. The question is whether it worth doing.
25. The reason is that he fell ill.
二、单项选择
1.Can you tell me_____?
A. who is that gentleman B.that gentleman is who
C. who that gentleman is D.whom is that gentleman
2.Can you tell me _____ the railway station?
A, how I can get to B. how can I get to
C. where I can get to D.where can I get to
3.Ask her _____ come with me.
A. if she will B.if will she
C.whether will she D.will she
4. I have no idea _____ far the airport is from here.
A.what B. how C.it’s D.that
5.They have no idea at all ______ .
A. where he has gone B.where did he go
C. which place has he gone D.where has he gone
6._____ he said is true.
A. What B.That C.Which D.Whether
7._____ you have done might do harm to other people.
A.That B. What C.Which D.This
8.They want to know _____ do to help us.
A. what can they B. what they can
C. how they can D.how can they
9. These photographs will show you ______.
A.what does our village look like B. what our village looks like
C.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like
10. _____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone B.The person C. Whoever D.Who
11. _____ we need more practice is quite clear.
A.When B.What C. That D./
l2. _____ I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business
A.If B. Whether C. Even if D.No matter when
13._____ he is doing seems quite difficult.
A.How B.That C.Which D. What
14. ______ that there is another good harvest this year.
A.It says B. It is said C.I was said D.He was said
15. It is suggested that a new building_____.
A. be built at once B. should build next year
C.would be built at once D. could be built next year
16.It is suggested that the experiment _____ under low temperature.
A.makes B.is making C. should be made D.will be made
17._____ was quite helpful.
A. What they advised me to do B.That they advised me to do
C. What did they advise me to do D.All what they advised me to do
18._____ still needs to be discussed.
A. How is the plan to be carried out B. How the plan is to be carried out
C. Why is the plan carried out D. Why the plan is carried out
19.The question is _____ we’11 overcome all the difficulties.
A.what B. how C.that D.which
20.Shanghai is no longer the same city _____ .
A. as it used to be B.what it used to be
C. as it is used to being D.that it used to be
21.Is it possible _____ he misunderstood _____ I said?
A.that, that B. what, what
C.what, that D. that, what
22.He thought _____ he might fail in the exam worried him.
A.which B. that C.when D.so that
23.The fact is ____ he is an advanced worker.
A.what B.which C. that D.why
24.I have no idea _____.
A. what does the word“infinity”mean
B. what the word“infinity”means
C. what the meaning of word the“infinity”
D. what the word“infinity”mean
25.I wonder _____ he asked such a silly question in public.
A.how B.what C.that D. why
26.Are you sure _____?
A. whether she is honest B.that she is honesty
C. she is honest D.is she honest
27.He _____ you are not going abroad.
A.surprised that B. is surprised that
C.surprised at D. is surprised whether
28. What I said was wrong in the last letter for you.I wish I ______ it back.
A. could take B. would take C.will take D.take
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英语听力是英语学习中比较重要的一部分,也是过去被忽视的一部分。那么初中英语听力要怎么学习呢?下面读文网小编为大家带来初中英语听力学习方法技巧,希望对你有所帮助!
它讲究的是方法和效率。首先,我们要学会泛听和精听的结合。在我们听力练习的计划中要适当的安排泛听和精听,针对不同的题型我们也要采取不同的听的方式。例如,对于会考到细节题的短文,我们要精听;对于考主题的文章我们就泛听。当然,“策略”还包括许多学习的小窍门。比如我们在听短文时,心里要怀着“what, who, which, when, where, why, how”,也就是七个“W”来听,就能很快掌握大意。
最后还要强调一下发音。听力考试中总会有辨音题。总的来说,这个题型不难,但如果我们的发音不正确就会出错。千万别忽视发音问题,自己最好将一些容易混淆的音标对比进行练习,把相应的单词总结出来。初中英语中听力的学习非常重要
初中英语听力学习方法相关
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想要练好英语口语就要注重平时的口语训练,那么你想要一些基础的英语对话来练习口语吗?下面读文网小编为大家带来基础英语情景对话练习材料,希望对大家的学习有所帮助!
A:Good morning, Mr.zhang.
A:早上好,张先生。
B:Good morning.
B:早上好。
A:How are you? How nice to see you again.How is everthing going?
A:你好吗?很高兴能再次见到你。过得怎么样?
B;Very well, What about you?
B:非常好,你怎么样?
A:Not bad, thanks, Our company has sent me to pick you up here.
A:还可以,谢谢。我们公司派我来这儿接你。
B:That is so nice of you.
B:你们真是太好了。
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