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学习英语最重要的部分就是英语写作,英语写作是检验学生运用和掌握英语能力的最佳方式,由此可见英语写作的重要性。为如何提高大家的英语写作能力和技巧,下面读文网小编为大家带来专八写作英语范文带翻译,欢迎大家学习!
It is not rare to hear that some universities lower their admission requirements for celebritystudents, such as a pop singer or an Olympic medal winner. Some people think it is unfair toother students, and the universities are utilitarian. But others hold the opinion that thecelebrities can’t be blamed for their wanting to go to universities to improve themselves. Theymake contributions or have talents, so it is justified for universities to accept them with arelatively low requirement. From my point of view, universities should reasonably lower theadmission requirements for celebrities, that is, although the requirementslowered, there muststill be a principle.
许多大学为名人降低录取水平,这样的事并不少见,例如歌手、或是奥运冠军。许多人认为这对于其他学生来说很不公平,大学变得非常功利。但是其他人认为名人不应该受到指责,因为他们想上大学继续深造。他们为国家做出了贡献,或是某一领域的天才,所以为他们降低录取要求是合情合理的。我认为,大学应该为名人适当降低录取要求,尽管降低了录取要求,但是在录取上还是有要求的。
On the one hand, it is of great significance for celebrities to be enrolled into universities. Takethe Olympic winners for example. They started training since they were little children. Theycontribute their boundless wisdom and painstaking efforts to raising the level of ourcountry’s sport competition. Lowering the admission requirements for them is theencouragement and support to their great achievements. It is also beneficial for them to domore contribution to the society after they retire if they receive high education and acquiremore knowledge. What’s more, it is a way to combine the high education with competitiontraining, and promote the career of sports. The celebrities make great contributions or havespecial talents. The universities should consider the situation fully and lower the admissionrequirements accordingly.
一方面,名人上大学是有着重大意义的。我们拿奥运冠军举个例子。他们从小开始接受训练。他们付出的辛勤劳动,和聪明智慧,他们的努力提高了国家的体育竞技水平。为他们降低录取要求是一种鼓励,也是对他们所做成就的一种支持。退役之后,他们还将为国家做贡献,前提是他们接受了高等教育,并获得了知识。更重要的是,这是高等教育与训练的结合,并帮助他们延长了运动生涯。这些名人为国家做出了贡献,他们是某一领域的天才。大学应该全面考虑问题,并根据情况降低录取要求。
On the other hand, not all the celebrities can be accepted into universities. The standard can belowered but can’t be lowered without limit. The celebrities with primary school education orjunior middle schooleducation should not be admitted to universities, because the higheducation is after senior high middle school. And the celebrities have to finish all the coursesand pass all the exams. In my opinion, two principles should be considered. One is theeducation of senior middle school. The other is the credits required by the university. That’s tosay, the celebrities should pay more attention to the study of knowledge, and they mustcomplete their studies.
另一方面,不是所有的名人都能够得到大学的录取。学校可以降低要求,但是这种降低是有限度的。那些拥有小学或是中学学历的名人就没有资格上大学,因为大学教育是高中教育之后的教育。名人需要完成所有的课程,并通过考试。我认为,我们应该考虑两点。第一是高中教育。第二是学校的名声。就是说,名人应该注重的是学习知识,他们也必须完成学业。
To sum up, we should be sensible about lowering admission requirements for celebrities. Forthe celebrities who make contributions and have the capacity, universities should providechances and give them special requirements. But for those who are not suitable, theuniversities should not lower the standard without limit.
总结,我们应该在为名人降低录取水平上更加理性一点。对于那些为国家效力,并有能力的名人来说,大学应该给予他们机会,并给予他们特殊的要求。但是对那些不符合条件的名人,大学也不应该没有限度的降低要求。
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学习英语最重要的部分就是英语写作,英语写作是检验学生运用和掌握英语能力的最佳方式,由此可见英语写作的重要性。为如何提高大家的英语写作能力和技巧,下面读文网小编为大家带来英语专八写作优秀范文带翻译,欢迎大家学习!
When you walk on the street, you may see a lot of people rushing into some shops or gatheringtogether buying lotteries, such as welfare lottery tickets, sports lottery tickets and so on.Perhaps you will be shocked by their enthusiasm for such kind of things. Some even spend alarge amount of money on them in order to increase the possibility of winning the prize. If thelotteries fail their expectations, they get so disappointed that they may curse or even beatthemselves. I think people try their luck on lottery for several reasons.
当你走在大街上,你会看见许多人在商店中,或是聚在一起买彩票,例如福利彩票、体育彩票等。或许,你会对他们对彩票的喜爱感到震惊。许多人甚至会花大量金钱买彩票,这样可以提高获奖的概率。如果他们没有中奖,他们会感到非常失望,甚至会发生暴力冲突。我认为人们购买彩票的原因有许多。
First of all, they try their luck because they want to win a large sum of money with just a littleeffort.They may think their idea is justified and the dream is not far away. They cherish thehope of getting rich overnight. As is reported by CCTV, a man in Shandong province becomesa criminal after his failure of trying his luck. He has spent all his money on the lottery. He nowbecomes homeless and leads a miserable life. As far as I am concerned, trying one’s luck onlottery is like gambling. You do not know the rate of winning back your money but you cannotresist the lure of having a try, which is, almost surely, disastrous. Very few people cansucceed in this business.
首先,他们买彩票是因为他们想付出最少的努力挣更多的钱。他们认为他们的想法是合情合理的,他们的梦想也不会遥远。他们想一夜暴富。就像中央台所报道的,山东一男子在买彩票失利后竟然走上了犯罪的道路。为了买彩票,他花去了所有的钱。他现在无家可归,生活窘迫。我认为,买彩票就像是赌博。你不知道挣钱的概率会有多大,但是你却禁不住诱惑去进行尝试,这实在是一种灾难。很少有人能够成功。
Secondly, the society is getting more commercial and material than before. People work justfor more money.In other words, some of them prefer money to morals. They are thinking ofsome shortcut to get rich in the society. I think the social climate exerts a subtle influence ontheir psychology. We need to clean the social climate for a better humane environment. Weshould educate people to earn their living by honest labor rather than trying the luck onlottery.
第二,社会变得比以往更加物质化、商业化。人们工作的目的就是赚钱。换句话说,许多人宁愿挣钱而舍掉道德。他们想通过走捷径来挣钱。我认为社会氛围影响了人们的心理。我们需要净化社会风气,并为人类创造更好的环境。我们应该教导人们靠双手劳动挣钱,而不是去玩彩票。
Finally, the popularity of buying lottery is due to the gap between the rich and poor. Theincome gap has become a reason for this activity. The rich becomes richer and richer, while thepoor becomes poorer and poorer. This has stimulated some people to try the luck on thelottery.
最后,购买彩票的热潮是因为贫富差异而起。收入上的差异是这种活动的原因。富的越来越富,穷的越来越穷。这就导致更多的人尝试买彩票。
To sum up, we should discourage people from buying the lottery. Meanwhile, we shouldbetter our social welfare system so that more people can get rich.
总结,我们不应该鼓励人们买彩票。同时,我们应该完善社会的福利制度,这样人们才能富起来。
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学习英语最重要的部分就是英语写作,英语写作是检验学生运用和掌握英语能力的最佳方式,由此可见英语写作的重要性。为如何提高大家的英语写作能力和技巧,下面读文网小编为大家带来专八英语写作范文翻译,欢迎大家学习!
As we all know, nowadays many novels are adapted into films.Some readers severelycriticize those films,for the adaptation leaves no room for the audience toimagine;meanwhile other audience find it acceptable. As far as I am concerned,theoriginal novels and adapted version in films can go hand in hand in harmony for the boomand flowering of the literature.The two do not have to be placed in such a binary opposition.
众所周知,许多小说改编成了电影。许多读者对这些电影作品进行了批判,改编的电影没有给观众留下想象的空间;但是有些观众却认为这是可以接受的。我认为,为了文学的蓬勃发展,小说和改编电影可以共存。两者不是对立的状态。
I think they can promote each other and the relationship should be beneficial.First ofall,the original novels are the important part of the literature.They are presented in theform of pages and books.They are also the basic carrier of human culture.For thousands ofyears,people start their education by reading books and many of them are concerned withliterature.We have been long used to reading literature through books.Therefore,theoriginal novels are the basis of human knowledge.
我认为他们可以互相促进,并从中获益。首先,小说是文学的主要组成部分。他们以书籍的形式呈现出来。它们也是人类文明主要载体。上千年来,人们开始读书获得教育,许多书籍都是文学类书籍。我们已经习惯了通过书籍来学习文学。所以,小说是人类获取文学的基础。
Secondly,the technological advancement is on the move at an unprecedented speed in thepresent society.Besides,our society has been more and more commercial and realistic andmaterial.Because of all this,a lot of the original novels can be adapted into films for theconsumers.The adapted films are part of the fast-food culture,in which people are impatientto read the novels in the original.The audience want to save more time to get more from thebooks.As a result,the adapted films have satisfied their appetites.As we can read from theentertainment news,a lot of novels in England and American have been adapted into filmsvery successfully.And they are also very popular among the audience.I think in this way theoriginal novels and the adapted films become one.
第二,在当今社会中,技术的发展正在以前所未有的速度发展着。而且,我们的社会变得更加商业化,物质化。也因为这一点,许多小说被改编成了电影。改编成的电影成为了一种快餐文化,人们对看小说失去了兴趣。观众想节省时间,不读书。所以,改编的电影满足了观众的胃口。我们可以从娱乐报纸上看到,英格兰和美国的许多小说改编成了电影,并且获得了成功。观众也非常喜欢。我认为小说和电影融为了一体。
Finally,the integration of the two is of great significance for the readers and the illiteratepeople. The literate students can comment on the adapted films and maybe the adaptedfilms can help them better understand the novels they have read.For the illiteratepeople,the adapted films can help them learn about the novels that they have not read.
最后,两者的结合对于读者和不识字的人来说意义重大。学生能够对改编的电影进行评论,电影或许能够帮助他们更好地了解他们阅读的小说。对于不识字的人来说,改编的电影能够帮助他们了解小说。
To sum up,the original novels and adapted version in films can complement each other verywell.They needto be integrated for the boom of the human culture.
总结,小说和电影可以互相补充。他们要为人类文明的发展做贡献。
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英语专业八级考试以其特定的考试人群,高级别的难度、有限的通过率和国内本科时代“终极”英文等级证书的名号而使其具备相当的稀缺性和辨识度。即便是英语专业大四的学生,备考时都需要耗费一定的心力。其中,所有科目都是以考察英文“硬实力”为导向设计的。按照考试顺序,你会遇到的挑战分别是:听力(20%),阅读(20%),人文知识(10%),改错(10%),翻译(20%)和写作(20%)。五种题目的考试时间长度接近190分钟。在这次稿件中,我们先从听力入手,分析听力部分的破题之道。
此类题目是目前国内英文考试中难度最大的一种听力题目。考生首先会在无任何文字提示的情况下听到一篇长约9分钟,接近1000词左右的演讲稿,同时被要求在纸上做笔记。听力结束后,监考人会将答卷纸发至考生手中,要求考生利用笔记内容进行填空。专业八级听力部分涉及到四大能力的测试:
1、基础听力能力 2、速记能力 3、理解笔记能力(解码能力) 4、填空能力
结合四大能力的考察,我们总结出以下做题步骤:
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近年来,英译汉的试题难度在加大,主要体现在比较复杂的文章和句子结构比重加大。五个划线句子中,一般会有1—2个简单句,3—4个复合句;其中复合句存在多个从句嵌套的现象,对考生造成一定理解和表达难度,简单句也因修饰成分繁多、含有抽象意义的词,存在省略和指代等而加大难度。因此,这五个句子要么语法结构复杂,要么逻辑关系繁复,并且这一现象历年来有增无减,今年也不会例外。所以建议2012的考生在备考的时候应该把更多的精力真正的放在扎扎实实提高自身英语语言能力、提高对于文章长难句和段落逻辑结构的把握上。在打下坚实的语言能力基础上,再加上一定的应试技巧和策略,才能真正在考研英语中取得好成绩。
基于考研英语翻译的特点,结合翻译实践中具体的方法,我们在这部分的备考中应该注意:
1)第一,词汇量。考研的词汇考的是词汇的深度,而不是词汇的广度,也就是考查同学们能不能真正的掌握和运用这个词汇,真正在上下文中理解这个词汇。所以建议同学们不是单纯的、简单的、机械的记住词的意思,而要真正的理解词汇在上下文中的具体用法。所以,词汇的复习对于考研翻译,同时对阅读有着决定性的意义,建议大家准备的时候第一关首先要突破词汇关。
2)大家需要对文章中的长难句进行一个重点的突破。在这个过程中,具体来讲,大家应该更多的从语法分析的角度入手,分清句子的主干和修饰成分以及它们成分之间的逻辑关系,更好的理解句子。
3)考生平时要多注意英语文章的体裁的结构特点,以及各类文章的题材的表达法和术语的积累,以免在考研英语中的文章碰到自己不熟悉的文章内容的时候无从下手。
4)翻译部分需要多多练习。英汉是两种不同的语言,要用汉语地道的表达出英语真正的意思,还是需要一定的功底的。
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摘要:政论翻译,尤其在译名问题上,涉及到继承传统译名的情况比较多,因此我们应该多读一些国内的外文刊物,如《中国日报》、《北京周报》、《人民日报》(海外英文版)等,增强政治意识,统一翻译口径,这样才能够把汉译英做好。
这种错误主要出现在对一些不能够从字面上推测意义的习语上,例如对“寒暄”、 “破天荒”、 “干脆”等词语会产生错误的理解。将“寒暄”译成了“coldly talk for a while”,
其次,学生还会出现断句的错误。
由于汉语语言的习惯,汉语句子在断句问题上并不严格,因此对句子的停顿很多情况下完全取决于读者的语感。学生对此往往认识并不充分,不敢果断断句,以为原文中的一个长句一定要用英语的一个长句来表达,因而出现跟原文风格不一致的译文,甚至在组织译文语言的时候出现很多语法错误。例如,2000年专八考试中,第一句话是“世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆,它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史”。很多同学用which这个关系代词来形成了一个结构很复杂的主从复合句,但是在组织这个句子时出现很多错误,造成修饰关系不明的情况。如果我们果断断句,,就可以避免语法错误。
此外,断句的错误还表现在词组间关系的断定上,比如,“科学知识”和“科学技术”,后者“科学”和“技术”之间是一种并列关系。很多同学把这两个短语分别译成了“science andknowledge”和“scientific technology”。
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英语翻译要求结合目标语言对原文进行精准、得体的翻译与表达。但是由于英语国家与中国文化背景、风俗习惯、思维习惯的不同,会导致语言表达句式、表达习惯方面的差异。这就需要我们掌握有效的翻译方法,使翻译符合目标语言的表达句式及表达习惯,使文本翻译在忠于原文的基础上,更加精准与流畅。本文结合这一要求,列举了一些英语翻译常用的方法。希望能给对英语翻译提供有效的参考与借鉴。
6. 在对习语进行翻译时,要准确处理原文中的文化意象:可省略原文中的文化意象,直接表达原文的含义;可改变原文中的文化意象,用英语读者能够理解的意象表达出与原文同样的含义;可保留原文中的文化意象,必要时辅以注释,以说明其特别含义。
此外,根据段落翻译选材的特点,即“内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等”,考生可在平时有意识地多积累好背诵一些相关方面的词汇,多阅读一些有关中国社会报道的中英双语报刊,比如China Daily和21st Century(大学版)等。
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很多学习者翻开作文书籍,就如同想打开一本武功秘籍,只希望看到5个字母trick(技巧) 。技巧固然十分重要,但在应试准备中,常常需要70%的基础和30%的技巧。这里要提醒大家的是,不可高估技巧的作用,犹如在武打片中,要想得到某某宝典和剑法,是需要付出惨痛的代价的。
汉语造句以名词为重心,以词组、散句和分句为手段,习惯按照时间、逻辑顺序进行横排式表述,其内部逻辑关系“含而不露”,甚至断句不严,外形松散,因此汉语常被称为时间型的动态结构,主要体现为形式自由、富于弹性。而英语则以“主——谓”的主干结构为中心来统领各语言成分,句界分明,外形严谨。因此在汉译英时,译文在逻辑和形式上都应当体现出英语的特点。如果是单句,首先应当确立句子的主干及句型,如果是复杂的句子或长句,则需要确立句子的中心,根据上下文进行句子组合,可以译为并列句、主从复合句(名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句等)、并列复合句或使用独立结构等。这是汉译英的第一步,也是正确译文的基础。
1、确立主干
在汉译英时,不管汉语句子如何复杂,首先要考虑英语的基本组句框架。这些最基本的框架可以变换,可以组合,但不能突破。组织英语句子时,始终不能脱离“主——谓”主干这一总的框架,然后再进行相应的时态变化、语态变化、语气变化、句式转换(肯定句、否定句、疑问句、强调句式及倒装句式等),增加定语、状语修饰成分、插入语等。比如,第二句“新年的庆祝活动从除夕开始一直延续到元宵节(the Lantern Festival),即从农历(lunar calendar)最后一个月的最后一天至新年第一个月的第十五天。”中文原文句子较长,翻译成英文时要将主干分离出来。本句的主干是“庆祝活动从除夕开始一直延续到元宵节”,用“run from…to…”来表达,是一个主谓结构的句子。在抓出主干之后,还需要把句子里面的其他成分分别转换成英文里面的状语、定语、同位语等成分,将“农历最后一个月的最后一天”
和“新年第一个月的第十五天”分别转换为“除夕”的同位语和“元宵节”的定语。
2、语序调整
(1)定语的位置
汉语的定语常放在中心语之前;而英语的定语位置则分两种:前置和后置。单词充当定语时通常放在被修饰的中心语前;而短语和从句作定语则多置于所修饰的中心语之后。
(2)状语的位置
汉语中通常把状语放在被修饰的成分前面,但英语中状语的位置则分为以下几种情况:单词作状语修饰形容词或其他状语时,常前置;表示程度的状语修饰其他状语时,可前置或后置;单词作状语修饰动词时,多放在动词之后;短语或从句作状语时,可放在被修饰部分的前面或后面。
(3)汉英叙事重心不同
汉语先叙事,然后表态或评论,以此来突出话题,这种句子被称为主题句。而英语则先表态或进行评论,而后再叙事,以突出主语。
(4)强弱词语的顺序不同
表示语义的轻重、强弱时,汉语将语义重的内容、强的词语放在前面;英语将语义轻的内容、弱的词语放在前面,基本原则是前轻后重,前简后繁。
除了上面的技巧外,还要注意段落的衔接。段落的衔接是指段落中各部分在语法和词汇方面的关联,即段落的各个部分的排列和衔接要符合逻辑。汉语和英语在衔接方面手法迥异。汉语常用省略(如主语和连接词)和重复的手段,依靠句与句之间内在的隐性逻辑关系来体现段落的连贯;而英语则常用连接词(如连词、关系代词、关系副词)、替代词、指称语(如人称代词及相应的物主代词)、特有的冠词实现衔接,体现出段落内的语篇性。
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阅读理解水平是影响考生通过英语专业八级测试的重要因素之一.本文基于历年八级阅读测试题的分析,提出了四种应试实用技巧:掌握常考文体的语篇模式、明确逻辑联系语前后分句关系、留意特殊标点和格式、透视题目之间或选项之间的关系.这些技巧已在实践中取得了一定成效.
翻译的功能是将原有的文字资料转换成另一种语言,从而使读者用其熟悉的语言了解原本用另一种语言表述的信息。鉴于此,衡量译文的一个重要标准就是看其所转换的信息是否准确,是否忠实于原文。译者对原文的把握、理解是关键所在。译者要对原文的思想、语气、风格有透彻的理解和准确的把握。
如果在这方面出现偏差,译文就会与原文有出入,也就很难做到忠实于原文。质量高的译文除了忠实于原文外,在语言上也要力求做到通顺。具体地说,就是所译语言要符合规范,行文自然、流畅,不带有过多生硬翻译的痕迹。就英译汉而言,译文应该断句恰当,句式正确,选词妥贴,段与段、句与句之间呼应自然,有一定文采。对于汉译英来说,要求译文的句式处理恰当,选词妥贴,英语比较地道。在八级翻译考试里,语言通顺对汉译英项目来说尤为重要。译文英语不地道,不仅会失去原文的文体风格,而且还会误转原意。
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英语专业八级考试一直受到院校、教师和学生们的高度重视。英语专业八级考试由听力、改错、阅读理解、人文知识、翻译、写作等题型构成,旨在全面考察英语语言综合运用能力。因此,只有研究专业八级考试各部分题型内容,探索出应对的适当策略,才能指导学生提高英语综合水平,在考试中取得良好成绩。
1.
明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.
标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.
例如:
1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hearhim crow.
2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.
3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.
2.
隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.
例如:
1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.
2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.
3.
借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.
I.以容器代替内容,例如:
1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.
2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.
II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:
Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.
III.以作者代替作品,例如:
a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集
VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:
I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.
4.
提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.
例如:
1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)
他的厂里约有100名工人.
2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)
他是本世纪的牛顿.
3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分)
这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.
5.
这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来,借联想引起感觉转移,“以感觉写感觉”。
通感技巧的运用,能突破语言的局限,丰富表情达意的审美情趣,起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如:欣赏建筑的重复与
变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏;闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体;听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的
半透明的纱子;又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。
例如:
1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.(用视觉形容听觉,鸟落在树上,由它发出的声音联想到百合花)鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音.
2>.Taste the music of Mozart.(用嗅觉形容听觉)
品尝Mozart的音乐.
6.
拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物.
例如:
1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.(把夜拟人化)
2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.(把鸟拟人化)
7.
夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果..
例如:
1>.I beg a thousand pardons.
2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.
3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.
8.
这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语.句子排列成串,形成一个整体.
例如:
1>.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; noone can be perfectly happy till all are happy.
2>.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the lastof your bad race, to answer for them. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, Isummon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately.#p#副标题#e#
9.
婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话.
例如:
1>.He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下.
2>.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他与妻子关系不融洽.
3>.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997. (去世)
10.
建立在假借过去或别处的事例与对象之上,传达暗示,影射或者讥讽现世各种现象的含义。
英文解释:an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subjectby suggestive resemblances; an extended metaphor 摘自英语专业《大学英语教程》一书
这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为"换个方式的说法".它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事.
例如:
1>.Make the hay while the sun shines.
表层含义:趁着出太阳的时候晒草
真正意味:趁热打铁
2>.It's time to turn plough into sword.
表层含义:是时候把犁变成剑
11.
反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法.
例如:
1>.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.
早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊(真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念)
2>"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar.
12.
双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义,借题发挥.作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的词形.词意和谐音的方式出现.
例如:
1>.She is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise.
2>.An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country.
3>.If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately.
13.
这是一种模仿名言.警句.谚语,改动其中部分词语,从而使其产生新意的修辞.
例如:
1>.Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year.
2>.A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.
3>.If you give a girl an inch nowadays she will make address ofit.
14.
它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的,而是以疑问为手段,取得修辞上的效果,其特点是:肯定问句表示强烈否定,而否定问句表示强烈的肯定.它的答案往往是不言而喻的.
例如:
1>.How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note?
2>.Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered?
15.
这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在一起对比的一种修辞方法.
例如:
1>.Not that I loved Caeser less but that I loved Romemore.
2>.You are staying; I am going.
3>.Give me liberty, or give me death.
16.
这是一种貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理的意味深长的说法,是一种矛盾修辞法..
例如:
1>.More haste, less speed.欲速则不达
2>.The child is the father to the man.(童年时代可决定人之未来)三岁看大,四岁看老。
17.
这也是一种矛盾修辞法,用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物,以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义.
例如:
1>.No light, but rather darkness visible.没有光亮,黑暗却清晰可见
2>.The state of this house is cheerless welcome.
18.
这种修辞是将一系列词语按照意念的大小.轻重.深浅.高低等逐层渐进,最后达到顶点.可以增强语势,逐渐加深读者印象.
例如:
1>.I am sorry, I am so sorry, I am so extremely sorry.
2>.Eye had not seen nor ear heard, and nothing had touched his heart of stone.
19.
与climax相反的一种修辞法,将一系列词语由大到小,由强到弱地排列.
例如:
1>.On his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair of boots.
2>.The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.
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考纲上关于翻译部分的规定是:“能将一般难度的英语短文译成汉语,理解基本正确,译文达意。”也就是说,翻译是一项对考生综合能力要求比较高的题型,它不仅要求考生对词汇、语法、语篇以及文化知识等有较好的掌握,还要求考生有很强的语言组织能力。
自1994,1995两年以来,再没有出现过主语从句的翻译题型考察。综合十几年的真题当中各个考点的出现频率,2011年极有可能再次出现主语从句的考察!所以这里希望广大考生再度重视真题。
1994年的考研英语翻译文章,题材为科学的发展,其中第75题考察了主语从句,如下:
1994. 75) Whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force。
评析:在考研英语的所有题型当中,有三个词可以引导主语从句,分别是how, what, 和whether。主语从句的持续长度,以动词的第三人称单数s为终止标志。即,从引导词开始,主从当中的所有具有动性的词及词组,都不是整句的谓语部分。
以此题为例,从whether开始,其余部分不需要考虑,只寻找动词的单三形式,我们发现了depends。那么,主语就是whether…technology。为什么不包括“or vice versa”?因为or 的出现,表明二选一的另外一种情况,此题中先不予考虑。主从当中,具有动性的词及词组分别是:should, increase, 但均非此题谓语部分,请大家务必注意。以depends on为谓语部分,后面的宾语及宾补很容易理解,以of 结构为核心,采取将修饰成分放在中心词之前。注意,此题当中的which,根据上下文,理解为“哪一个”的意思,因为具有实意,所以并非定语从句的引导词,这一点希望大家仔细判断。
我们得到的结构如下:“主语”依赖于哪一个被看作是驱动力的问题。以代入的方法处理,调整语序,在汉语中先原因、条件、状态、方式、对象、假设,后结果、影响,我们将主语从句当中的词序调整为:政府(核心词)是否应该以技术为代价(方式)来增加(动作)对纯科学(对象)的投资还是相反,经常取决于哪一个被看作是驱动力的问题。
此题当中,因为以or为标志,表明另一种情况,结合具体的语境,我们得知不但有“做不做”的问题,还有“转变条件,互为逆命题”的问题,在这里为了不赘述,所以原文用了拉丁语vice versa—“相反”。
又如1995. 72) How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used, and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted。
首先确定主语,从how开始,终止于depends。
句中以逗号和and连用为切分标志,表明分值的分布为前后各1分,无论写哪部分,都可以得分,请大家不要放弃任何机会,切记!在考研英语的各个题型当中,以and为标志,表明上下两个分局之间呈并列关系且同等重要,若上一分句中有相同的谓语部分或动词延续到and所在分句,那么在第二次出现时,英语中将其省略,汉语视情况决定是否补充。很明显,此题以how引导的主从为主语,谓语部分为depends upon (upon约等于on, 前者是后者的强调形式),带起的第一个宾语为“the amount,…of the information used”,可将其简化为 A, B, and C of D,第二个宾语为skill and wisdom,第二个宾语中的定语从句可以之后分析,但务必先明确整个句子的结构。
下面依次分析各个成分,并调整语序,最后组合:
主语中,按照英汉语序的不同,调整为“预测在多大程度上会由后来的表现所证明是有效的”;谓语部分“取决于”;宾语1:所使用信息的数量,可靠性和适当性,宾语2:使其得以解决的技巧和智慧,或者解决它所用到的技巧和智慧。
因此,该句的译文为:主语+依赖于+宾语1,+还依赖于+宾语2。
在介绍完以上两道题的思路之后,请大家以下题为例,自己练习:
1995. 73) Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation, depends, therefore, upon the evidences from experience concerning comparative validity, and on such factors as cost and availability。
思路:首先,以and为标志,(有无省略请判断)前后划分为各1分。其次,按照动词的单三标志,判断主语;谓语及宾语(是否带起双宾语?)第三,将各个成分中的单词按照语境翻译,并调整语序,最后组合成句。
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在做英语手抄报的时候,经常会用到一些英语名人名言,下面读文网小编为大家带来英语手抄报名人名言,希望对你有所帮助。
1、诚实和勤奋,应当成为你永久的伴侣。——富兰克林
Honesty and diligence should be your permanent partner.
2、你想成为幸福的人吗?但愿你首先学会吃得起苦。——屠格涅夫
Who do you want to be happy? I hope you learn first to eat up bitter.
3、如果你对事情满怀热忱,你就一定成功。——卡耐基
If you have things full of enthusiasm, you will succeed.
4、真正的勇敢,都包含谦虚。——吉尔伯特
The real brave, contain modest.
5、生活是一种绵延不绝的渴望,渴望不断上升,变得更伟大而高贵。——杜伽尔
Life is an endless miles of longing, yearning for rising, more great and noble.
6、好动与不满足是进步的第一必需品。——爱迪生
Active and discontent is the first necessity of progress.
7、没有引发任何行动的思想都不是思想,而是梦想。——马丁
Did not cause any of the actions are not thought, but a dream.
8、死的伟大的人,永远没有失败。——拜伦
Die of a great man, never fail.
9、周围都有好朋友的人,比四面楚歌的人不知幸福多少。——卡内基夫人
Good friends are all around, than the embattled people do not know how much happiness.
10、为着品德而去眷恋一个情人,总是一件很美的事。——柏拉图
For character and to care for a lover, always a beautiful thing.
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出国旅游,即使没有一口流利的英语,了解一些常用的旅游英语口语也是很有必要的!今天读文网小编在这里为大家分享一些简单实用点餐英语对话,希望这些英语对话会对大家有所帮助!
A: Good afternoon, sir. May I help you?
柜台服务员:午安,先生。我能为您服务吗?
C: Yes, I'd like a cheeseburger and a large order of French fries.
顾客:好啊,我要一个起士汉堡和一大份薯条。
A: Would you like anything to drink with that?
服务员:请问还要什么饮料吗?
C: Yes, a medium Coke.
顾客:好啊,一杯中可。
A : Will that be all?
服务员:就这些吗?
C: Yes.
顾客:是的。
A: For here or to go?
服务员:在这里吃或外带呢?
C: To go, please. ( The attendant hands the customer his order.
顾客:外带。(服务员把顾客点的餐交给他。)
A: That'll be $ 4. 25... ( The customer gives her a 5 dollar bill. ) ... out of five. Here is your change, sir. Have a nice day.
服务员:一共4.25美元……(顾客递给她一张5美元钞票)……收你5块钱。先生,这是找您的零钱。祝您有个愉快的一天。
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学习英语,阅读真的很重要,多阅读一些英语短篇美文能有效提高自己的英语阅读能力,下面读文网小编在这里整理了一些英语美文短文精选给大家,希望大家会喜欢这些英语美文!
Through the cold winter wasteland a man trudged, leaning into the harsh wind which spitefully tried to force him back. He was covered from head to toe in layers of thick clothing, layers of protection against the harsh environment. On he fought, searching, searching. He was working so hard. This must be the way.
在寒冷的冬季,以为男子在荒地中的前行举步维艰,狂风肆虐几乎要将他吹倒。他从头到脚包裹着厚厚的衣物,用来抵御这恶劣的环境。他不遗余力的寻找着,寻找着,一定有办法。
In the distance he saw what looked like steam rising out of the ground. It rose a few feet and then was quickly whipped away by the biting wind. He altered his course and turned towards the steam, gaining some blessed relief as he turned his chapped face out of the gale.
远远地他看见有蒸汽从地下往上冒,只有短短几英尺。接着狂风拖曳着他往回,他改变了方向超蒸汽那里出发,感谢上天他开裂的脸蛋不再曝露在狂风之中。
As he got closer, he thought he could make out voices. Their tone was unfamiliar to him - musical, relaxed and warm - their melody enticed him closer. Finally he got close enough to peer through the mist.
他渐渐走近,发现自己可以说话了。对方的声音听起来很陌生,但是如同音乐一般让人感觉到放松,温暖。他们的旋律吸引着他不断靠近。最后,在迷雾中他靠近了他们。
There before him was a remarkable sight. In the midst of the frozen wasteland, cut into the ground was a large pool. Several people were in the pool, they seemed to be floating easily without any effort. As they saw him approach, a woman called out to him.
在旅人面前呈现出一个奇妙的场景。在刺骨寒冷的湿地中,地面上有这么大一个池塘。有不少人在其中,毫不费力地在池中飘来飘去。在旅人靠近之时,一位女士叫住了他。
"Come in here. It is lovely and warm. You can just lie back and relax," said the woman.
“进来吧,这里温暖舒适。你可以躺下放松。”女士说道。
"I can't. There are no steps." The man replied.
“我不能,这里都没有台阶。”旅人答道。
"Just jump in. It really is lovely in here. Come on. Theoure's plenty of room for another." Another of the floaters joined in the persuasion.
“只要跳进来就好了,这里很棒,快点,还有不少位子呢。”池中其他人也附和说道。
"But what if I don't like it, how will I get out? The sides are too high to reach up to."
“但是如果我不喜欢这里了,怎么出来?边缘太高很难出来。”
"Believe me, you won't want to get out. Come on. It is so good in here."
“相信我,你不会想要出来的,快点进来,这里真的很好。”
But he decided not to jump in. And that was a wise decision.
但他没有往下跳。而这是个明治的选择。
There're many things and people in life like this pool. They promise you life can be easy.
生活中有很多人和事像这个水池一样,他们像你承诺无忧无虑。
But in fact, they are traps that you can't come back from.
但实际上,他们都是能让你万劫不复的陷阱。
Life is hard. Stay wise. And fight.
生活是艰难的,请保持睿智,并战斗下去。
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文化是,或者说应该是,对完美的研究和追求;而文化所追求的完美以美与智为主要品质。今天读文网小编在这里为大家分享关于文化的英语句子,欢迎大家阅读!
从城市保护的角度看,文物与文化不是一个概念。
From the perspective of city protection, cultural relics and cultural is not a concept.
智慧是知识凝结的宝石,文化是智慧放出的异彩。
Wisdom is the gem of condensed knowledge, culture is the extraordinary splendour of wisdom.
文化不会因为一个国家的贫穷,而失掉它的价值。
Culture won't because of the poverty of a country, and lost its value.
舞蹈跳的就是文化,跳的就是一个人的文化底蕴。
Dance dance is culture, is a person's cultural background.
人生来本是一个蛮物,惟有文化才使他高出于禽兽。
To this is a pretty things in life, but the culture makes him above a beast.
我们一起创建的是团队的文化,而不是抱怨的文化。
We are creating a team culture together, instead of complaining about culture.
知识是珍贵宝石的结晶,文化是宝石放出来的光泽。
Knowledge is the crystallization of the precious gems, culture is the luster of the gem released.
只有整个社会具有文化良心,我们的文化才有希望。
Only the whole social cultural conscience, our culture is hope.
他是有理想,没道德,有文化,没纪律的复合型人才。
He didn't has the ideal, morality, culture, discipline is the inter-disciplinary talent.
既不是职业作家,也不是业余写手,见了文化绕着走。
Is not a professional writer, or is not amateur, see culture around the way.
只有读者有精神粮食可以消费,那文学才能一直活下去!
Only the reader can have spiritual food consumption, the literature can survive all the time!
文化不能从上向下压,因为它应该是从下面高涨起来的。
Culture cannot be from top to down, because it should be rising from the bottom up.
劳动永远是人类生活的基础,是创造人类文化幸福的基础。
Labor is the foundation of human life, forever is the basis of the creates happiness in the human culture.
书不仅是生活,而且是现在、过去和未来文化生活的源泉。
Book is not only the life, and it is now, in the past, and the source of cultural life in the future.
真正的文化以同情和赞美为生,而不是以憎厌和轻蔑为生。
The real cultural sympathy and praise for a living, instead of living with hate and contempt.
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假期是人们经常讨论的一个话题,比如讨论如何安排自己的假期之类的。下面读文网小编为大家带来谈论假期的英语情景对话,欢迎大家学习!
A:What would you be doing in U.S.A?
A:你到美国后要干什么?
B:Most of the time I'll be on a tour,enjoying the beautiful scenery there.
大多数时间是去观光.观赏那里的美丽风光。
A:What do you want to see particularly?
A:特别想去哪儿?
B:I'll go to the Yellow Stone Park,and Great Canyon.
B:黄石公园和大裂谷。
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多阅读、多听一些英语的情景对话,对于我们英语的阅读及口语能力都有相对的提升,今天读文网小编在这里为大家分享一些邀请常用英语对话,欢迎大家阅读!
A:Hello?
A:您好。
B:Hello, is that Miss Smith?
B:您好,请问您是史密斯小姐吗?
A:Yes.
A:是的。
B:This is Mr.Gao. How are you?
B:我是高先生,你好吗?
A:Not too bad, thanks. And you?
A:还不错.谢谢,你呢?
B:Fine. Listen. Are you free on Wednesday night? I'd like to invite you to dinner.
B:很好。你星期三晚上有空吗?我想邀请你吃晚餐。
A:I'm terribly sorry, but I've already made arrangements for Wednesday.
A:真对不起,我星期三已经有安排了。
B:That's a pity. How about Thursday?
B:真遗憾,那星期四怎么样?
A:That would be fine.
A:好吧。
B:Great. What time would you like to meet?
B:太好了!你认为几点见面好呢?
A:Whenever is suitable for you. I have no plans for that day.
A:你看什么时间合适,我几点都可以。我那天没什么安排。
B:OK, let's say 6:30 p.m.
B:好吧,那就晚上6点半吧!
A:And where would you like to meet?
A:那么我们在哪儿见面呢?
B:I can pick you up at the gate of your company. Also, what type of food do you like?
B:我可以在你的公司门口接你。还有,你喜欢吃什么菜?
A:l'm not very familiar with Chinese cuisine. What can you recommend?
A:我对中国菜不太了解,你推荐点什么呢?
B:Well, have you heard of Peking Duck? it's a local specialty.
B:哦,你听说过北京烤鸭吗?那是地方特产。
A:Of course! Peking Duck is world-famous. I would love to try it.
A:当然!北京烤鸭世界闻名。我很想试试。
B:OK, let's have that then.
B:那样的话我们就吃北京烤鸭吧。
A:All right. Well, I'll see you later.
A:好吧,到时候见吧!
B:See you later, goodbye.
B:到时见,再见。
A:Bye.
A:再见。
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