为您找到与英美人姓名的含义是什么相关的共59个结果:
许多英美人的姓名都包含有一定的意义。女孩子的常用名一般都与美丽、纯雅、爱情、幸福等美好字眼有关;而男孩子的常用名多与勇敢、富有、胜利、诚实等字眼有关。下面是一些常见的英文名字及其含义。
女孩常用名及其含义:
Agnes阿格尼斯 纯洁
Alice艾丽斯真理,美丽
Diana黛安娜月亮女神
Anna安娜优雅,仁慈
Lily 莉莉百合花
Catherine凯瑟琳纯洁,真诚
Elizabeth伊丽莎白 献身于上帝的人
Mary玛丽海上明星
Helen海伦光明的使者
Dorothy多萝西珍贵的礼物
Susanna苏珊娜纯洁,可爱
Sarah萨拉公主
Ruth 露丝美丽
Emily埃米莉勤劳
Jane 简 神之爱
Jenny珍妮文静
Joan 琼 温柔
Judy 朱迪珍宝
Karen卡伦纯洁
Margaret玛格丽特 珍珠
Nancy南希高雅
Susan苏珊小百合
Anne安妮高雅
David戴维(大卫) 被爱的人
Donald唐纳德世界之主
Richard理查德勇敢的人
John 约翰上帝的礼物
Alan 艾伦英俊的人
Stephen斯蒂芬王冠
Robert罗伯特名声赫赫的人
Edward爱德华财富的守卫者
Victor维克托胜利者
Harold哈罗德英勇善战者
William威廉强大的捍卫者
Charles查尔斯男子汉
Michael迈克尔上帝的使者
Alexander 亚历山大 人类救星
Arthur阿瑟高贵的
Andrew安德鲁刚强
Benjamin本杰明得力助手的儿子
Abraham亚伯拉罕 犹太人的祖先
Edgar埃德加荣幸
Daniel丹尼尔卓越的法官
Francis弗兰西斯 自由
George乔治农夫,耕作者
Henry亨利富有的贵族
Lewis刘易斯人民的保护者
Peter彼得岩石
Paul 保罗小的
Mark马克战胜者
Rose 罗斯美丽的
Philip菲利普爱马的人
Roland罗兰国家的声誉
Solomon所罗门和平的
Thomas托马斯一对
Victoria维多利亚 胜利
Frank弗兰克自由
Fred 弗雷德和平
Jack 杰克刚强
James詹姆斯愿神保佑
Ronald罗纳得忠告,权力
Walter沃尔特强有力的统治者
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母亲……这是多么光荣的职业啊!下面是读文网小编为大家带来英语经典美文:母亲的含义。希望大家喜欢!
A woman named Emily renewing her driver's license at the County Clerk's office was asked by the woman recorder to state her occupation. She hesitated, uncertain how to classify herself. "What I mean is," explained the recorder, "do you have a job, or are you just a ... "
一位名叫埃米莉的妇女在县办事处给驾驶执照续期时,一名女记录员问及她的职业。她犹豫了一下,不敢肯定应如何将自己归类。“我意思是说你有没有工作,”那名记录员解释说,“还是说你只不过是一名……”
"Of course I have a job," snapped Emily. "I'm a mother."
“我当然有工作,”埃米莉马上回答,“我是一名母亲。”
"We don't list 'mother' as an occupation ... 'Housewife' covers it," said the recorder emphatically。
“我们这里不把‘母亲’看成是一个职业……‘家庭主妇’就可以了。”那名记录员断然回答。
I forgot all about her story until one day I found myself in the same situation, this time at our own Town Hall. The Clerk was obviously a career woman, poised, efficient, and possessed of a high sounding title like, "Official Interrogator" or "Town Registrar." "What is your occupation?" she probed。
这个故事听后,我就忘了。直到有一天在市政厅,我也遇到了同样的情况。很显然,那名办事员是位职业女性,自信、有能力,并有着一个类似“官方讯问员”或“镇登记员”之类很堂皇的头衔。“你的职业?”她问道。
What made me say it, I do not know ... The words simply popped out. "I'm a Research
Associate in the field of Child Development and Human Relations."
至今我也不知道,当时是什么因素作怪,我脱口而出:“我是儿童发育和人类关系研究员。”
The clerk paused, ballpoint pen frozen in midair, and looked up as though she had not heard right。
那名办事员愣住了,拿着原珠笔的手也不动了。她抬头看着我,好像没有听清楚我说什么似的。
I repeated the title slowly, emphasizing the most significant words. Then I stared with wonder as my pronouncement was written in bold, black ink on the official questionnaire。
我慢慢地把我的职业再重复一遍,在说到重要的词时还加重语气。然后,我惊奇地看着我的话被粗黑的笔记录在官方的问卷上。
"Might I ask," said the clerk with new interest, "just what you do in your field?"
“我能不能问一下,”这名办事员好奇地问,“你在这个领域具体做什么?”
Coolly, without any trace of fluster in my voice, I heard myself reply, "I have a continuing program of research, (what mother doesn't), in the laboratory and in the field, (normally I would have said indoors and out). I'm working for my Masters, (the whole darned family), and already have four credits, (all daughters). Of course, the job is one of the most demanding in the humanities, (any mother care to disagree?) and I often work 14 hours a day, (24 is more like it). But the job is more challenging than most run-of-the-mill careers and the rewards are more of a satisfaction rather than just money."
我非常镇定地答道:“我有一个不间断的研究项目(哪位母亲不是这样呢?),工作地点包括实验室和现场(通常我会说室内和户外)。我在为我的学位努力(就是我们一家人),而且已经有了四个学分(全部是女儿)。当然,我的工作是人类要求最高的工作之一(有哪位母亲会反对吗?)我通常工作一天14小时(24小时更为准确)。但这项工作比大部分普通工作都具有挑战性,而它通常带来的回报不是金钱,更多的是满足感。”
There was an increasing note of respect in the clerk's voice as she completed the form, stood up, and personally ushered me to the door。
那名办事员在填完表格后,站起来,亲自把我送到门口。在这个过程中,她说话时流露出一股敬意。
As I drove into our driveway, buoyed up by my glamorous new career, I was greeted by my lab assistants - ages 13, 7, and 3. Upstairs I could hear our new experimental model, (a 6 month old baby), in the child-development program, testing out a new vocal pattern。
我回到家,把车停在家门前的车道时,还对自己响亮的头衔觉得飘飘然。我那三名年龄分别为13岁、7岁、3岁的实验室助手正在等着我,从楼上传来我们的新实验模特儿(六个月大的婴儿)的声音,她正放开嗓门,测试着新的声音模式。
I felt triumphant! I had scored a beat on bureaucracy! And I had gone on the official records as someone more distinguished and indispensable to mankind than "just another mother."
我感到欢欣鼓舞!我竟然打败了官僚机构!如今,在官方的纪录上,我成了人类超群出众、不可或缺的人物,而不仅仅是一位母亲。
Motherhood ... What a glorious career! Especially when there's a title on the door。
母亲……这是多么光荣的职业啊!特别是现在这已经成为官方记录了。
Does this make grandmothers "Senior Research Associates in the field of Child Development and Human Relations" and great grandmothers "Executive Senior Research Associates"? I think so!!!
这是不是说奶奶和姥姥就是“资深儿童发育和人类关系研究员”,而曾祖母则是“高级研究员”呢?我想是这样的!
I also think it makes Aunts "Associate Research Assistants"。
我想,小姨子也因此成了“研究员助理”。
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英语诗歌是我们练习英语阅读的很好阅读材料,那么你想欣赏一些经典的英美英语诗歌吗?下面是读文网小编为大家带来经典英美诗歌欣赏,希望大家喜欢!
I carry your heart with me
我将你的心带上
I carry it in my heart
放进我心里
I am never without it
从未分离
anywhere I go you go, my dear;
无论我前往何方都有你伴我身旁
and whatever is done by only me is your doing,
即便我单独成事
my darling
那也是出于我的爱人,你的力量
I fear no fate
面对命运我从不恐慌
for you are my fate, my sweet
只因你就是我命运的方向
I want no world for beautiful
万千世界于我皆如浮云
you are my world, my true
只因你在我眼中就是天地四方
and it’s you are whatever a moon has always meant
你永远是月亮所想表达的
and whatever a sun will always sing is you
太阳所想歌唱的
here is the deepest secret nobody knows
这秘密无人知晓,在我心底埋藏
here is the root of the root
它是根本中的根本
and the bud of the bud
稚嫩中的稚嫩
and the sky of the sky
是天上天
and of a tree called life;
是生命之树在生长
which grows higher than the soul can hope
这棵树高于灵魂之期盼,
or mind can hide
高于思想之所
and this is the wonder that’s keeping the stars apart
及是造化的奇迹,能够隔离参商
I carry your heart
我将你的心带上
I carry it in my heart
放进我心里
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诗的最美之处就在于表达感情,让人有无限的想象,而这些想象永远是那么的美好。下面是读文网小编为大家带来英美经典英文诗歌欣赏,希望大家喜欢!
When we two parted In silence and tears,
昔日依依惜别,默默无言地流着泪,
Half broken-hearted, To sever for years,
要分开好几个年头,我们忍不住心碎,
Pale grew thy cheek and cold, Colder thy kiss;
你的脸冰凉、发白,你的吻更似冷冰;
Truly that hour foretold Sorrow to this.
呵,那一刻正预兆了我今日的悲痛。
The dew of the morning Sank chill on my brow— It felt like the warning Of what I feel now.
清早凝结着寒露,冷彻了我的额角-是对我此刻的警告,悲伤在今天。
Thy vows are all broken, And light is thy fame:
你的誓言全破碎了,你的行为如此轻浮:
I hear thy name spoken, And share in its shame.
人家提起你的名字,我听了也感到羞辱。
They name thee before me, A knell to mine ear;
他们当着我讲到你,一声声有如丧钟;
A shudder comes o'er me— Why wert thou so dear?
我的全身一阵颤栗-为什么对你如此情重?
They know not I knew thee, Who knew thee too well:
没有人知道我熟识你,呵,熟识得太过了:
Long, long shall I rue thee Too deeply to tell.
我将长久、长久地悔恨,这深处难以为外人道。
In secret we met— In silence I grieve That thy heart could forget, Thy spirit deceive.
你我秘密地相会-我又默默地悲伤,你竟然把我欺骗,你的心终于遗忘。
If I should meet thee After long years, How should I greet thee? — With silence and tears.
偶尔再相会,多年后万一在陌路,我跟你该怎么打招呼?—用沉默,用眼泪。
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以下是小编整理的情感类英语美文欣赏: 家的含义,希望对你有所感触。
It was the smell of rain that I missed the most andthe sound of a lawnmower and the waft of cutgrass. It was being out in the open and standingbare foot! Blue skies part and parcel of it all; thethunder that would blast over and leave—the comingof a tropical sundown, an evening of barbecues, ofwarm pools, beer splattering on concrete. The bedawaiting, a vest, a body glistening from perspirationand a sleep of pillows constantly changing sides, a mosquito in the ear. Sleepless nights thatwere all you knew. And then, one day I left it behind. I moved to a city, to grim faced pallidmovements, and there I became with them a ghost on the sidewalks. Dimly, ambling along withmy face down, watching my steps and hurrying towards my quotidian activities.
Winters I spent indoor in solace. My flat mates—the friends I had—worked day and night. Theywere accustomed to leaving the soul behind, the need for money was so official. I would spendnights in the strange house, with creaks of a wall I did not know, and sit by the phone that ourlandlord had locked, and think of conversations of the past, of my mother's voice ringing, of mybest friend whom I would lose contact with, and I would write letters, letters I would neversend, letters that clutched the truth—that only I knew. I would cry, tears staining the ink, asmudged idea of love. I was temping then, doing mindless data entry, tapping words into acomputer, and moving on wondering what worth there was, and how to find it. My flat mateswould come home just before midnight—Mark and Craig, my two best friends. I would smileinwardly and outwardly and make them tea, a sandwich, sit with them and live their lives, heartheir stories, flourish in company. Sleep would be eschewed, I yearned for comfort, andcompany eased the etching of loneliness.
I drank a lot, I had a job and I met people, and I continued my ambling in a city that was notmine. Every Friday my work offered free drinks and I catapulted towards the bar, I sipped8)ferociously at the wine, the beer, I got horrifically drunk and so the person that I was not, butso yearned to be would come out. She, loud, vivacious, articulate would spend the eveningconversing with strangers, laughing and sometimes, flirting! I seemed to step out of myself andwatch in amazement. After drinks, I would stumble to the Palladium to meet Mark and Craig—they both worked there as ushers. I would arrive as they were finishing work and we would sitin the bar and I would continue, I would drink.
One night we fell drunk into the house. I lit a cigarette; I sat down and my mind triggered offdull thuds of depression. I went to the bathroom and in a mode of translucent mania I tookout a razor blade and in numb motions slowly cut at my wrist, tears streaming down my face,I stopped as soon as I started, my aim was wrong-it was in the name of attention, except Iwould tell nobody, the attention was all to myself. Quietly, I wrapped my stinging arm with toiletpaper, walked to my room and put on a jersey so as to cover the threat, the childish selfabuse. I lay and quickly wiped my tears as I heard the friendly footsteps of Mark and Craig.They stood and bantered and eventually I followed them downstairs, and listened to BobMarley, and Redemption song, my favorite song—"Sold I to the merchant ships…"
And so, I stood on the tube, Dollis Hill to Marylebone and I stared at the scars on my wrist.The scars of stupidity that only I knew of, I was entranced, as though it were not me—it'snever me. I swayed to the motion of the train, the city was corrupting me, my soul was slowlybitten, I wanted to yell out my mind, but it all seeped inwards, I was boring myself with myown pleas.
It got better, as it does get better, as you know no better and I sunk into my life, I slowlyenjoyed its offerings, I adjusted to the climate, to the people and one day as I walked outsidemy new flat—not mine of course, but my temporary abode that I rented, as I took out thegarbage on a autumn Saturday—in my pyjamas, with the TV and the glow of comfort, I lookedat the grey, I sucked it in and I quite enjoyed it—it's romantic quality, it's gloom appealed tome, as it would eventually with my nature. I liked it. I went inside, and shivered—a contentchill, I enjoyed the cold and the idea of being able to get warm and I lay on the couch with mytoes under a cushion, an inane program keeping me entertained. It all grows on you.
I went home, eventually. I spent five months appreciating the beauty, the climate, the contentnatures surrounding me. I ate healthy food, I listened to a language I had forgotten about, Iroamed on farms that were not mine, went to wine harvests, put on high factors to shield outthe sun, spend days lamenting the heat. But, it was not time, I was unable to indulge as thecity, London, was still with me, my love and loathing relationship was still continuing, I was stillmeant to be there, whether unhappy or not. I could not explain it, it's not the city I suppose,it's me-I need to be content. I left, I left what I love so much, no great epiphany, just not atthat moment. One day home will come to me, or I will go to home and I await the knowledge inpeace.
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姓名,由姓和名组成,也称名字。人的姓名,是人类为区分个体,给每个个体给定的特定名称符号,是通过语言文字信息区别人群个体差异的标志。那么你知道姓名用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。
1. He took my name and address, scribbling it down in his notebook.
他要了我的姓名和地址,匆匆写在他的笔记本上。
2. Both mother and daughter, who have requested anonymity, are doing fine.
这对不愿意透露姓名的母女俩目前情况良好。
3. He didn't give his name, but the voice was unmistakable.
他没留下姓名,但是那个声音是绝不会错的。
4. Police withheld the dead boy's name yesterday until relatives could be told.
警方昨天拒绝在通知亲属前透露死亡男孩的姓名。
5. Only the names are ancient; the characters are modern and contemporary.
只有姓名是古代的;人物都是现代的、摩登的。
6. She addressed them by hand in her beautiful italic script.
她用漂亮的斜体字写明了收信人姓名和地址。
7. An unnamed man collapsed and died while he was walking near Dundonald.
一个不知姓名的人在邓唐纳德附近走着走着突然倒地而亡。
8. You can remain anonymous if you wish.
你愿意的话可以不透露姓名。
9. The name and address are written in capitals.
姓名和地址是大写的。
10. Carve the names and gild them.
把姓名刻上去,再镀上金。
11. The towels were embroidered with their intertwined initials.
毛巾上绣着他们姓名首字母的连写组合。
12. What's your name and address ?
你的姓名、住址?
13. Names of people in the book were changed to preserve anonymity.
为了姓名保密,书中的人用的都是化名。
14. The money was donated by a local businessman who wishes to remain anonymous .
这笔款子是当地一位不愿透露姓名的企业家捐赠的。
15. She left her name and number on his answerphone.
她把自己的姓名和电话号码留在他的电话答录机上。
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下面是读文网小编为大家带来英美经典小诗欣赏,希望大家喜欢!
Put by your books and slates today!
六月天阳光多么灿烂,
This is the sunny month of June,
放下你们的写字板和课本,
And we shall go this afternoon
今天下午我们要翻山越岭,
Over the hills and far away.
到遥远的地方去旅行。
Hurrahl Wef 11 have a holiday,
好啊!假日已经来临,
And through the wood, across the plain
我们要跨过平原,穿过森林,
We’ll go, in sunshine and in rain,
在阳光下,在风雨中,
Over the hills and far away.
翻过一座座小山去远方旅行。
Not one of us behind must stay,
我们中谁也不许留下,
But little ones and all-must go
甚至连小家伙们,
Where summer breezes gently blow,
都得翻过山头去远方,
Over the hills and far avayl
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下面是读文网小编为大家带来英美名家经典诗歌欣赏,希望大家喜欢!
IF yet I have not all thy love,
如果我还不曾得到你的全部的爱,
Dear, I shall never have it all ;
这全部我将永远无法获取;
I cannot breathe one other sigh, to move,
我不能吐出另一声动人的磋叹,
Nor can intreat one other tear to fall ;
也不能让另外一滴眼泪滚落,
And all my treasure, which should purchase thee,
叹息,眼泪,誓辞,一封封情书,
Sighs, tears, and oaths, and letters I have spent ;
这些原应换取你的珍宝已是白费,
Yet no more can be due to me,
而假如你的爱不肯全部付出,
Than at the bargain made was meant.
只是按照交易定下的份额分配,
If then thy gift of love were partial,
既分给我一些,又匀给别人一些,
That some to me, some should to others fall,
你的这份爱的礼物碎损残缺,
Dear, I shall never have thee all.
亲爱的,我永远无法全部获得。
Or if then thou gavest me all,
而你如果把全部的爱赐与了我,
All was but all, which thou hadst then ;
那也不过是从前的全部爱,
But if in thy heart since there be or shall
假如有别的男子向你的芳心潜入,
New love created be by other men,
让你现在或将来产生新的爱,
Which have their stocks entire, and can in tears,
他们的资本齐全,更能在眼泪,叹息
In sighs, in oaths, and letters, outbid me,
誓辞,和情书上满足你的虚荣,
This new love may beget new fears,
那新的爱会导致新的惊悸,
For this love was not vow'd by thee.
因为这种爱背离了你的初衷。
And yet it was, thy gift being general ;
既然如此,你的礼物对众人广施,
The ground, thy heart, is mine ; what ever shall
你的芳心属我,无论这土地上生长什么,
Grow there, dear, I should have it all.
我都应该拥有那全部。
Yet I would not have all yet.
但就此得到全部井非我之所愿,
He that hath all can have no more ;
因为一经获取便不再会增添,
And since my love doth every day admit
既然我的爱每天都有新的进展,
New growth, thou shouldst have new rewards in store ;
你也得为此准备下新的酬谢,
Thou canst not every day give me thy heart,
你不能每天都交给我一颗心,
If thou canst give it, then thou never gavest it ;
倘若说能给出,便意味前此的不是。
Love's riddles are, that though thy heart depart,
爱情真是个谜团,尽管你的已出门,
It stays at home, and thou with losing savest it ;
却依然在家,拣回也就是丢失;
But we will have a way more liberal,
可是我们的办法却更为变通,
Than changing hearts, to join them ; so we shall
无须换心,只要将两颗心儿合拢,
Be one, and one another's all.
便能将对方的全部拥入怀中。
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摘要:你知道真爱的含义是什么吗?真爱意味着我了解我所爱的人。我认识到对方的许多方面,不仅是美丽闪光的一面,还有能力上的不足、反复无常和性格上的缺陷。下面是读文网小编整理的英双语散文,欢迎大家阅读!
Love means that I know the person I love. I’m aware of the many sides of the other person----not just the beautiful side but also the limitations, inconsistencies and flaws. I have anawareness of the other’s feelings and thoughts, and I experience something of the core ofthat person. I can penetrate social masks and roles and see the other person on a deeperlevel.
爱意味着我了解我所爱的人。我认识到对方的许多方面,不仅是美丽闪光的一面,还有能力上的不足、反复无常和性格上的缺陷。我了解对方的感情和想法,我能体验到那个人身上的某种本质的东西。我能透过对方社交场合的表现和在社会的角色,看到他更深层次的品质。
Love means that I care about the welfare of the person I love. To the extent that it is genuine,my caring is not a smothering of the person or a possessive clinging. On the contrary, mycaring liberates both of us. If I care about you, I’m concerned about your growth, and I hopeyou will become all that you can become. Consequently, I don’t put up roadblocks to what youdo that enhances you as a person, even though it may result in my discomfort at times.
爱意味着我关心我所爱的人的幸福。只要这种关心是真诚的,那么它就不会是某种压抑或占有性的依附。与此相反,我的关心会使我们两个都不受到束缚。如果我在乎你,我就会关注你的成长,我希望你将来成为一个有所作为的人。因此,对你为完善自己所做的一切,我决不设置障碍,即使你做的事情有时会使我不快。
Love means having respect for the dignity of the person I love. If I love you, I can see you as aseparate person, with your own values and thoughts and feelings, and I do not insist that yousurrender you identity and conform to an image of what I expect you to be for me. I canallow and encourage you to stand alone and to be who you are, and I avoid treating you asan object or using you primarily to gratify my own needs.
爱意味着尊重我所爱的人的尊严。如果我爱你,我会把你看成是独立的个体,有自己的价值观、思想和感情,我不会坚持让你放弃自己的特性,使你变成一个我期望你成为的那种人。我会允许并鼓励你保持独立,坚持自己的特色,我会避免把你当作一件东西对待或用你来主要满足我自身的需要。
Love means having a responsibility toward the person I love. If I love you, I’m responsive tomost of your major needs as a person. This responsibility does not entail my doing for youwhat you are capable of doing for yourself; nor does it mean that I run your life for you. Itdoes imply acknowledging that what I am and what I do affects you, so that I am directlyinvolved in your happiness and your misery. A lover does have the capacity to hurt or neglectthe loved one, and in this sense I see that love entails and acceptance of some responsibilityfor the impact my way of being has on you.
爱意味着对我所爱的人付责任。如果我爱你,我就会积极对待你的需要。这种责任并不等于我要为你做你自己能够做到的事情,也不是说我为你管理你的生活。它应该是承认我和我所做的事会对你产生影响,因此我直接与你的幸福和痛苦联系在一起。一个人的确可能会伤害或忽视他所爱的人。从这个意义上说,爱包含着我要为我(的生活方式)对你的影响承担一定的责任。
Love means growth for both myself and the person I love. If I love you, I am growing as aresult of my love. You are a stimulant for me to become more fully what I might become, andmy loving enhances your being as well. We each grow as a result of caring and being cared for;we each share in an enriching experience that does not detract form our being.
爱意味着和所爱的人共同成长。如果我爱你,我会为了对你的爱而成长。你将是激励我更加充实自己的动力,我的爱也会使你不断完善提高。我们因爱与被爱而成长;我们彼此分享积累的丰富经验而又不削减自己的个性。
Love means making a commitment to the person I love. This commitment does not entailsurrendering our total selves to each other; nor does it imply that the relationship isnecessarily permanent. It does entail a willingness to stay with each other in times of pain,uncertainty, struggle, and despair, as well as in times of calm and enjoyment.
爱意味着能够承诺我所爱的人。这种承诺并不需要我们相互放弃自身的特性;也不是指我们的这种关系一定要天长地久。这种承诺不仅包含着愿意在痛苦、犹豫、绝望的时候相互支持,也包含着共享平静与欢乐。
Love means trusting the person I love. If I love you, I trust that you will accept my caring andmy love and that you won’t deliberately hurt me. I trust that you will find me lovable and thatyou won’t abandon me; I trust the reciprocal nature of our love. If we trust each other, we arewilling to be open to each other and can shed masks and pretenses and reveal our trueselves.
爱意味着相信我所爱的人。如果我爱你,我会相信你将接受我的关心与爱意,我会相信你不会故意把我伤害,我会相信你终将发现我的可爱之处,我会相信你不会把我弃于不顾;我会相信我们是相爱的。如果我们彼此信任,我们就愿意敞开心扉,摘下面具,去掉伪装,显示我们真实的自我。
Love can tolerate imperfection. In a love relationship there are times of boredom, times whenI may feel like giving up, times of real strain, and times I experience an impasse. Authentic lovedoes not imply enduring happiness. I can stay during rough times, however, because I canremember what we had together in the past, and I can picture what we will have together in ourfuture if we care enough to face our problems and work them through. We agree with ReverendMaier when he writes that love is a spirit that changes life. Love is a way of life that is creativeand that transforms. However, Maier does not view love as being reserved for a perfect world. ”Love is meant for our imperfect world where things go wrong. Love is meant to be a spirit thatworks in painful situations. Love is meant to bring meaning into life where nonsense appears toreign.” In other words, love comes into an imperfect world to make it livable.
爱可以容忍缺点。在爱的关系中,必然会有厌烦的时候,有我想放弃的时候,有关系紧张的时候,有我感到绝望的时候。真爱不仅仅意味着我们能共同分享幸福。在艰难困苦的时期我也能和你在一起,因为我记得我们过去在一起度过的时光,如果我们对问题给予足够的重视,面对问题并能度过困难时期,我能想像我们将来在一起是个什么样子。我们同意梅尔教士的观点,即爱是改变生活的精神力量。爱是一种创造性的生活方式并能使生活改善。但是梅尔并不认为爱是完美世界独有的。“爱是给予我们这个有问题的不完善的世界的。爱是在痛苦的情况下发挥作用的精神。爱就是要使看起来无意义的生活变得有意义。”换句话说,爱来到这个不完美的世界使它适合人们居住。
Love is freeing. Love is freely given, not doled out on demand. At the same time, my love foryou is not dependent on whether you fulfill my expectations of you. Authentic love does notimply “I’ll love you when you become perfect or when you become what I expect you tobecome.” Authentic love is not given with strings attached. There is an unconditional qualityabout love.
爱是自由的行为。爱是自愿地付出,而不是要求之下的施舍。与此同时,我对你的爱并不取决于你是否能满足我对你的期望。真爱并不意味着“当你成为完美的人或当你成为我所期望的那种人时,我才爱你。”真爱不是带有附加条件的付出。爱是无条件的。
Love is expansive. If I love you, I encourage you to reach out and develop other relationships.Although our love for each other and our commitment to each other might bar certain actionson our parts, we are not totally and exclusively wedded to each other. It is a pseudolove thatcements one person to another in such a way that he or she is not given room to grow. Caseyand Vanceburg put this notion well:
爱是博大的。如果我爱你,我会鼓励你向外发展,建立其他的人际关系。虽然我们之间的爱和彼此的承诺不允许我们做某些事情,但是我们并不是完全彻底地拴在一起。把一个人和另一个人拴在一起,而不给予他发展的空间,这是一种虚假的爱。凯斯和温斯伯格对这个概念有很好的解释:
The honest evidence of our love is our commitment to encouraging another’s fulldevelopment. We are interdependent personalities who need one another’s presence in orderto fulfill our destiny. And yet, we are also separate individuals. We must come to terms withour struggles alone.
我们相互承诺要鼓励对方充分的发展,这就真实证明了我们之间的爱。我们是相互依存的,为了完成自己的使命,需要对方的存在。但我们又是不同的个体,我们必须各自面对自己的奋斗。
Love means having a want for the person I love without having a need for that person in orderto be complete. If I am nothing without you, then I’m not really free to love you. I love you andyou leave, I’ll experience a loss and be sad and lonely, but I’ll still be able to survive. If I am notfree to challenge our relationship; nor am I free to challenge and confront you. Because ofmy fear of losing you, I’ll settle for less than I want, and this settling will surely lead to feelingsof resentment.
爱意味着我需要我所爱的人,但并不是缺少他就不行。如果没有你我就无法生存,那么我就不能自由的爱你。我爱你,即使你离开了,即使我失落、难过和孤独,但我还能活下去。如果我的价值和我的生存过于依赖于你,那我就没有自由来审视我们之间的关系;也就没有审视和反驳你的自由。因为我害怕失去你,我就会降低要求,而这种迁就会使我产生不满情绪。
Love means identifying with the person I love. If I love you, I can empathize with you and seethe world through your eyes. I can identify with you and see the world through your eyes. Ican identify with you because I’m able to see myself in you and you in me. This closeness doesnot imply a continual “togetherness,” for distance and separation are sometimes essential ina loving relationship. Distance and can intensify a loving bond, and it can help us rediscoverourselves, so that we are able to meet each other in a new way.
爱意味着理解所爱的人。如果我爱你,我就能与你有同样的情感,我就能通过你的眼睛去看这世界。我理解你是因为我能够在你身上看到我自己,并在我自己身上看到你。这种亲密无间并不意味着持续地呆在一起,有时候,距离和分别对于相爱同样是必要的。距离会加强爱的联系,会有助于我们重现认识自己,使我们可以以新的方式面对对方。
Love means selfish. I can only love you if I genuinely love, value, appreciate, and respectmyself. If I am empty, then all I can give you is my emptiness. If I feel that I’m complete andworthwhile in myself, then I’m able to give to you out of my fullness. One of the best ways forme to give you love is by fully enjoying myself with you.
爱中充满了自我。只有我能真正地爱着自己,珍视自己,欣赏自己,尊重自己,我才能爱你。如果我生活空虚,那么我能给予你的只能是我的空虚。如果我感到自己是完整的,有价值的,那么我就能让你分享我的充实。给予我对你的爱,最好的方式就是和你在一起充分享受我的一切。
Love involves seeing the potential within the person we love. In my love for another, I view heror him as the person she or he can become, while still accepting who and what the person isnow. Goethe’s observation is relevant here: by taking people as they are, we make themworse, but by treating them as if they already were what they ought to be, we help make thembetter.
爱包含着看到我所爱的人的潜在能力。我爱那个人,我一方面承认他的现状,另一方面我现在就视他为他将来能够成为的那种人。歌德有一句与此相关的评论:我们如果按照人们的现状来对待他们,会使他们越来越差,要是按照他们应该达到的目标来对待和要求他们,我们就会促使他们变得更好。
We conclude this discussion of the meanings that authentic love has for us by sharing athought from Fromm’s The Art of Loving (1956). His description of mature love sums up theessential characteristics of authentic love quite well:
我们把弗罗姆在《爱的艺术》里阐述的一个观点介绍给大家,以此来结束我们对真爱含义的论述。他对成熟的爱的归纳极好地总结了真爱的基本特征:
Mature love is union under the condition of preserving one’s integrity, one’s individuality. Inlove this paradox occurs that two beings become one and yet remain two.
成熟的爱是两人的结合,但又不失各自的完整和特性。爱中有这种矛盾现象:合二为一,却又一分为二。
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下面是读文网小编为大家带来英美名家诗歌欣赏,希望大家喜欢!
As virtuous men pass mildly away
正如贤人安然辞世
And whisper to their souls to go
轻声呼唤灵魂离去
Whilst some of their sad friends do say
悲伤的有人或伤逝
"Now his breath goes," and some say "no"
叹其气绝魂离,亦又说不然
So let me melt, and make no noise
就让我们悄然别离,不要喧哗
No tear-floods, nor sigh-tempests move
不要泪涌如潮,不要凄声叹息
They were profanation of our joys
那是对我们欢乐的亵渎
To tell the laity of our love
向俗人宣示我们的爱
Moving of the earth brings harms and fears
地动带来伤害与恐惧
Men reckon what it did, and meant
人们推其为断其义
But trepidation of the spheres
而天体运转震动, 威力虽大
Though greater far, is innocent
却对什么都没损伤
Dull sublunary lovers' love
乏味的烦情俗爱
-whose soul is sense- cannot admit
建立在感官之上,无法承受
Of absense, 'cause it doth remove
别离,因为别离
The things which elemented it
使爱的根基破碎支离
But we by a love so much refined
但我和你拥有如此纯洁的爱
Though ourselves know not what it is
连我们都无法理解
Inter-assured of the mind
心心相印、相许
Careless,eyes,lips and hands to miss
岂在乎眼、唇和手的交融
Our two souls therefore, which are one
我们俩的灵魂合而为一
Tought I must go, endure not yet
我纵须远离
A breach, but an expansion
非违爱诺,实是延展
Like gold aery thinness beat
宛若黄金锤炼成轻飘韧箔
If there be two, they are two so
若我们的灵魂一分为二
As stiff twin compasses are two
应如坚定的圆规般
Thy suol, the fied foot, makes no show
你的心灵是定脚,坚守不移
To move, but doth, if the other do
但另一只脚起步,你便随之旋转
And though it in the centre sit
尽管一直端坐中央
Yet, when the other far doth roam
但当另一只脚四周漫游
It leans, and hearkens after it
它亦会侧身,细听周详
And grows erect, when that comes home
待它归来,便挺直如旧
Such wilt thou be to me, who must
这便是你之于我,我一直
Like the other foot, obliquely run
如同那另一只脚,侧身转圈
Thy firmness makes my circle just
你的坚贞使我的轨迹浑圆
And makes me end where it begun
也让我的漫游在起跑线终止
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购物是人们日常生活中的重要活动。随着改革开放的深入和国际交往的日趋频繁,跨国购物在现代社会已不是很罕见的事,其中大至跨国公司的贸易,小至一般出国旅游者在普通商店的购物。由于大宗的国际间的贸易一般比较复杂,比如要看样订货、签订合同等,那一般是当“老板”的事,所以这里我们主要谈谈一般人在普通商店的购物情况。下面是读文网小编整理的英美国家的购物礼仪,欢迎大家阅读!
Good morning, sir. 先生,早上好!
Good afternoon, madam. 太太,下午好!
Can I help you? 你要买东西吗?
May I help you? 你要买东西吗?
Can I help you in any way? 你要买东西吗?
What can I do for you? 你要买东西吗?
What can I show you? 你要买东西吗?
Are you being served? 有人招呼你了吗?
Is someone looking after you? 有人招呼你了吗?
Is anyone taking care of you? 有人招呼你了吗?
Yes, please? 你要买东西吗?
注意,在英美商店,店主向顾客打招呼,一般不直接说:What do you want? 或 What do you buy? 因为这样说在他们看来是不礼貌的。
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你有没有想过我们日常食用的食物也是英语用语中重要的一部分呢?文章列出了我们熟悉的几种食物的短语用法,特别是它们在商务场合中的含义。快来看看吧!
The English Language is full of food idioms to cover most situations.
英语中有很多和食物相关的成语。
The list is endless, so I’ve chosen 10 food and food-related idioms here to show you what they mean and how you could use them in a sentence.
相关成语很多。这里挑选了10个食物和相关的成语,你可以在句子中使用。
1. “As cool as a cucumber” – to be calm, not nervous or anxious
1. “As cool as a cucumber”——冷静,不紧张、焦虑
Look at Jason. He is as cool as a cucumber. He never gets nervous before an interview.
看看杰森,他真冷静。在面试前他从不紧张。
2. “to bite the hand that feeds you” – to harm someone who does good things for you.
2. “to bite the hand that feeds you”——恩将仇报
I wouldn’t annoy your Boss. You don’t want to bite the hand that feeds you.
我不会惹恼你的老板。我不想恩将仇报。
3. “to butter someone up” – to flatter someone so that you can win their friendship orfavour
3. “to butter someone up”——通过奉承某人,赢得他们的友谊或是得到帮助
Ever since the new Sales Director joined the company, she’s been buttering him up.
自从新的销售总监加入之后,她一直在拍他马屁。
4. “to cheese someone off” (BrE) – To annoy someone
4. “to cheese someone off”(英式英语)——惹怒某人
Will you please stop doing that? You’re really cheesing me off.
你能不能别这么做了?你真的惹我生气了。
5. “Big Cheese” – an important person, a leader
5. “Big Cheese”——重要的人物,领导
Who’s the big cheese in this organisation?
谁是单位里的一把手?
6. “Carrot and Stick” – to reward someone who does what you want or punish them if they don’t
6. “Carrot and Stick”——萝卜大棒政策,奖励按照你指示做的人,惩罚不遵守的人
He likes to use the carrot and stick approach when managing his team.
他喜欢用“萝卜大棒”政策管理他的团队。
7. “to bite off more than you can chew” – try to do more than you can manage
7. “to bite off more than you can chew”——贪多嚼不烂,试图做超出能力范围之外的事
With this new job, I’m afraid Susan has bitten off more than she can chew.
这份新工作恐怕超出了苏珊能力范围之外。
8. “to cut the mustard” – to succeed, do something well
8. “to cut the mustard”——成功,做好某事
He did not last long in the job. He just didn’t cut the mustard.
他在这份工作干不长久。他没能做好这份工作。
9. “to be cheesed off” – to be annoyed or irritated
9. “to be cheesed off”——被惹恼了
I have to complete this report by tonight. I’m so cheesed off.
我今晚之前要完成这份报告。烦死了。
10. “To eat humble pie” – to admit your mistake and apologize
10. “To eat humble pie”——承认错误,道歉
Brian had to eat humble pie when he realised the mistakes in the budget report.
布莱恩意识到他在预算报告上犯了错,因此不得不道歉。
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下面是读文网小编整理的英美小诗选读,欢迎大家阅读!
Twelve good hours in every day,
一日十二时,
Time for work and time for play
学习与游玩;
Twenty一four for day and night,
二十四点钟,
Some for darkness,some for light,
昼夜一循环。
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下面是读文网小编为大家带来著名英美诗歌欣赏,希望大家喜欢!
Farewell, Love, and all thy laws forever,
别了,爱以及你所有的法度,
Thy baited hooks shall tangle me no more;
你的诱钩再也无法把我缠绞;
Senec and Plato call me from thy lore,
塞尼卡和柏拉图否定你那套,
To perfect wealth my wit for to endeavor,
让我竭尽所能追求完美财富。
In blind error when I did persever,
我却盲目地一错再错入歧途,
Thy sharp repulse, that prikth aye so sore,
你厉声拒绝刺得我倍受煎熬,
Hath taught me to set in trifles no store
你教导我别对琐事斤斤计较,
And escape forth since liberty is lever.
挣脱束缚因为自由才会幸福。
Therefore farewell, go trouble younger hearts,
别了,去搅扰那些年轻的心,
And in me claim no more authority;
对我别再宣称你是什么权威;
With idle youth go use thy property,
对懒散青年把你的能耐发挥,
And therein spend thy many brittle darts.
把你的支支利箭都射向他们。
For hitherto though I have lost all my time,
迄今我虽失去我全部的时光,
Me lusteth no longer rotten boughs to climb.
却不再徒劳攀爬那根烂树桩。
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摘要:美国伊利诺亚州一家快餐连锁店的经理劳拉·尤斯蒂克发现,代表冰激凌、披萨和寿司表情符号很常见,但就是没有最能代表美国的热狗的符号。这也是尤斯蒂克和其他表情符号粉们采取行动,呼吁更多表情符号的原因。
Icons of expression
Emoji, or emoticons, are the picture-like characters many people find indispensable in their social networking communications. Emoji, which originated in Japan, allow people to liven up their texts with hundreds of colorful images. But if you use emoji like a second language, do you often feel there are still not enough emojis to express yourself?
Laura Ustick, manager of a fast-food chain in Illinois, US, found there are emoji for ice-cream, pizza and sushi, but not for the all-American hot dog. That’s why Ustick and other emoji fans are taking action to get more emoji.
表情符号是一种图形化文字,是很多社交网络用户不可或缺的交流方式。表情符号源于日本,有了这些成百上千的彩色图像,人们可以增加文字信息的生动性。但如果你把表情符号当成第二种语言来使用,会不会发现这些符号由于数量有限,不足以表达你的情感?
那些卖萌的表情符号背后的的含义
美国伊利诺亚州一家快餐连锁店的经理劳拉·尤斯蒂克发现,代表冰激凌、披萨和寿司表情符号很常见,但就是没有最能代表美国的热狗的符号。这也是尤斯蒂克和其他表情符号粉们采取行动,呼吁更多表情符号的原因。
“When we want to write something cute, it’s just not there,” Ustick complained to The Wall Street Journal.
“当我们想用文字卖萌时,却没有合适的表情符号,”尤斯蒂克在接受《华尔街日报》采访时抱怨道。
Other fans are lobbying for symbols like cupcakes, bacon and unicorns, according to the newspaper. The BBC also reported on a petition posted on DoSomething.org calling on Apple to increase the ethnic diversity found within its emoji keyboard. The petition says the keyboard already offers a graphic showing a same-sex couple, and calls on the company to present people with a wider range of skin tones.
据该报报道,其他“表情粉”们正在为诸如纸杯蛋糕、培根和独角兽等表情符号进行游说。英国广播公司BBC同样也报道了一封发布于“有所作为网”(DoSomething.org)的请愿书,文中呼吁苹果公司在输入法增加表情符号的多样性。请愿书中提到,苹果输入法已经存在表达同性情侣的图像,他们呼吁该公司可以提供更多不同肤色的人物表情。
Apple, Google, Microsoft and other tech firms design their own versions of how the more than 800 basic emoji characters appear, but they tend to present most human characters as being white. In the Apple keyboard, only two of the symbols seem to be Asian and none are black.
尽管苹果、谷歌、微软以及其它科技公司各自设计出不同版本的800种基本表情符号,但他们设计的人物头像大多数都是白人。在苹果键盘输入法中,只有两个符号看似亚洲人,而黑人符号一个也没有。
In response to the DoSometing.org petition, an Apple spokesperson last month told MTV that “we have been working closely with the Unicode Consortium in an effort to update the standard. There needs to be more diversity in the emoji character set.”
上个月针对“有所作为网”上的请愿书,苹果公司的一名发言人在接受MTV音乐电视网采访时表示:“我们正在与统一码联盟进行紧密合作,努力更新已有标准。表情字符集确实需要多样化。”
Emoji regulator
表情符号调试者
Not everyone can design an emoji symbol. As it turns out, emoji are largely controlled by a nonprofit group called the Unicode Consortium, formed by computer programmers in the 1980s. The consortium designed the Unicode Standard, a coding system to fit worldwide platforms and various languages.
并非所有人都可以设计表情符号。事实上,表情符号主要由非营利性组织统一码联盟掌控。该组织由一批电脑程序员创立于上世纪八十年代,曾设计出适用于世界各地的网络平台以及多种语言的编码系统——统一码标准。
Unicode decided to take on emoji after problems emerged in understanding Japanese e-mails filled with the symbols, Mark Davis, co-founder of the consortium and a software architect for Google, told The Wall Street Journal.
该联盟创始人之一、谷歌软件构架师马克·戴维斯在接受《华尔街日报》采访时表示,当看到一封充满表情符号、难以理解的日文邮件时,统一码联盟决定解决这个难题,为表情符号编码。
Davis says the consortium generally encodes symbols already in existence. So most emoji available today are from the original ones created in Japan.
戴维斯说,联盟一般会对现存表情符号进行编码。因此当前可用的表情符号大部分来自日本最初的原型。
New symbols are added periodically. Once Unicode greenlights an emoji, individual tech companies decide whether to include it in their operating systems, Davis says.
表情符号会定期更新。一旦统一码联盟给某个表情符号开了绿灯,每个科技公司就要考虑是否在其操作系统中添加这一表情符,戴维斯说道。
Bernie Hogan, an Oxford University research fellow, studies the use of emoji as part of his research into how people represent themselves on the Internet.
伯尼·霍根是牛津大学研究员,他的研究领域就包括人们在网络上如何使用表情符号来表达自我。
Emoji may sound like a trivial matter, but “it is a way to augment texts with clear expressive power”, he told the BBC.
表情符号听起来可能微不足道,但“它是一个有效增强文本表达效果的方式”,霍根接受BBC采访时表示。
“If they restrict the sort of people who are used in the images it restricts users’ expressive power — people won’t feel that the emoji speak for them,” he says.
“如果图谱中的人种符号受到限制,那么用户的表达能力也会受到约束——人们会觉得表情符号无法充分表达自己。”他说道。
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Love means that I know the person I love. I’m aware of the many sides of the other person----not just the beautiful side but also the limitations, inconsistencies and flaws. I have an awareness of the other’s feelings and thoughts, and I experience something of the core of that person. I can penetrate social masks and roles and see the other person on a deeper level.
Love means that I care about the welfare of the person I love. To the extent that it is genuine, my caring is not a smothering of the person or a possessive clinging. On the contrary, my caring liberates both of us. If I care about you, I’m concerned about your growth, and I hope you will become all that you can become. Consequently, I don’t put up roadblocks to what you do that enhances you as a person, even though it may result in my discomfort at times.
Love means having respect for the dignity of the person I love. If I love you, I can see you as a separate person, with your own values and thoughts and feelings, and I do not insist that you surrender you identity and conform to an image of what I expect you to be for me. I can allow and encourage you to stand alone and to be who you are, and I avoid treating you as an object or using you primarily to gratify my own needs.
Love means having a responsibility toward the person I love. If I love you, I’m responsive to most of your major needs as a person. This responsibility does not entail my doing for you what you are capable of doing for yourself; nor does it mean that I run your life for you. It does imply acknowledging that what I am and what I do affects you, so that I am directly involved in your happiness and your misery. A lover does have the capacity to hurt or neglect the loved one, and in this sense I see that love entails and acceptance of some responsibility for the impact my way of being has on you.
Love means growth for both myself and the person I love. If I love you, I am growing as a result of my love. You are a stimulant for me to become more fully what I might become, and my loving enhances your being as well. We each grow as a result of caring and being cared for; we each share in an enriching experience that does not detract form our being.
Love means making a commitment to the person I love. This commitment does not entail surrendering our total selves to each other; nor does it imply that the relationship is necessarily permanent. It does entail a willingness to stay with each other in times of pain, uncertainty, struggle, and despair, as well as in times of calm and enjoyment.
Love means trusting the person I love. If I love you, I trust that you will accept my caring and my love and that you won’t deliberately hurt me. I trust that you will find me lovable and that you won’t abandon me; I trust the reciprocal nature of our love. If we trust each other, we are willing to be open to each other and can shed masks and pretenses and reveal our true selves.
Love can tolerate imperfection. In a love relationship there are times of boredom, times when I may feel like giving up, times of real strain, and times I experience an impasse. Authentic love does not imply enduring happiness. I can stay during rough times, however, because I can remember what we had together in the past, and I can picture what we will have together in our future if we care enough to face our problems and work them through. We agree with Reverend Maier when he writes that love is a spirit that changes life. Love is a way of life that is creative and that transforms. However, Maier does not view love as being reserved for a perfect world. ”Love is meant for our imperfect world where things go wrong. Love is meant to be a spirit that works in painful situations. Love is meant to bring meaning into life where nonsense appears to reign.” In other words, love comes into an imperfect world to make it livable.
Love is freeing. Love is freely given, not doled out on demand. At the same time, my love for you is not dependent on whether you fulfill my expectations of you. Authentic love does not imply “I’ll love you when you become perfect or when you become what I expect you to become.” Authentic love is not given with strings attached. There is an unconditional quality about love.
Love is expansive. If I love you, I encourage you to reach out and develop other relationships. Although our love for each other and our commitment to each other might bar certain actions on our parts, we are not totally and exclusively wedded to each other. It is a pseudolove that cements one person to another in such a way that he or she is not given room to grow. Casey and Vanceburg put this notion well:
The honest evidence of our love is our commitment to encouraging another’s full development. We are interdependent personalities who need one another’s presence in order to fulfill our destiny. And yet, we are also separate individuals. We must come to terms with our struggles alone.
Love means having a want for the person I love without having a need for that person in order to be complete. If I am nothing without you, then I’m not really free to love you. I love you and you leave, I’ll experience a loss and be sad and lonely, but I’ll still be able to survive. If I am not free to challenge our relationship; nor am I free to challenge and confront you. Because of my fear of losing you, I’ll settle for less than I want, and this settling will surely lead to feelings of resentment.
Love means identifying with the person I love. If I love you, I can empathize with you and see the world through your eyes. I can identify with you and see the world through your eyes. I can identify with you because I’m able to see myself in you and you in me. This closeness does not imply a continual “togetherness,” for distance and separation are sometimes essential in a loving relationship. Distance and can intensify a loving bond, and it can help us rediscover ourselves, so that we are able to meet each other in a new way.
Love means selfish. I can only love you if I genuinely love, value, appreciate, and respect myself. If I am empty, then all I can give you is my emptiness. If I feel that I’m complete and worthwhile in myself, then I’m able to give to you out of my fullness. One of the best ways for me to give you love is by fully enjoying myself with you.
Love involves seeing the potential within the person we love. In my love for another, I view her or him as the person she or he can become, while still accepting who and what the person is now. Goethe’s observation is relevant here: by taking people as they are, we make them worse, but by treating them as if they already were what they ought to be, we help make them better.
We conclude this discussion of the meanings that authentic love has for us by sharing a thought from Fromm’s The Art of Loving (1956). His description of mature love sums up the essential characteristics of authentic love quite well:
Mature love is union under the condition of preserving one’s integrity, one’s individuality. In love this paradox occurs that two beings become one and yet remain two.
爱意味着我了解我所爱的人。我认识到对方的许多方面,不仅是美丽闪光的一面,还有能力上的不足、反复无常和性格上的缺陷。我了解对方的感情和想法,我能体验到那个人身上的某种本质的东西。我能透过对方社交场合的表现和在社会的角色,看到他更深层次的品质。
爱意味着我关心我所爱的人的幸福。只要这种关心是真诚的,那么它就不会是某种压抑或占有性的依附。与此相反,我的关心会使我们两个都不受到束缚。如果我在乎你,我就会关注你的成长,我希望你将来成为一个有所作为的人。因此,对你为完善自己所做的一切,我决不设置障碍,即使你做的事情有时会使我不快。
爱意味着尊重我所爱的人的尊严。如果我爱你,我会把你看成是独立的个体,有自己的价值观、思想和感情,我不会坚持让你放弃自己的特性,使你变成一个我期望你成为的那种人。我会允许并鼓励你保持独立,坚持自己的特色,我会避免把你当作一件东西对待或用你来主要满足我自身的需要。
爱意味着对我所爱的人付责任。如果我爱你,我就会积极对待你的需要。这种责任并不等于我要为你做你自己能够做到的事情,也不是说我为你管理你的生活。它应该是承认我和我所做的事会对你产生影响,因此我直接与你的幸福和痛苦联系在一起。一个人的确可能会伤害或忽视他所爱的人。从这个意义上说,爱包含着我要为我(的生活方式)对你的影响承担一定的责任。
爱意味着和所爱的人共同成长。如果我爱你,我会为了对你的爱而成长。你将是激励我更加充实自己的动力,我的爱也会使你不断完善提高。我们因爱与被爱而成长;我们彼此分享积累的丰富经验而又不削减自己的个性。
爱意味着能够承诺我所爱的人。这种承诺并不需要我们相互放弃自身的特性;也不是指我们的这种关系一定要天长地久。这种承诺不仅包含着愿意在痛苦、犹豫、绝望的时候相互支持,也包含着共享平静与欢乐。
爱意味着相信我所爱的人。如果我爱你,我会相信你将接受我的关心与爱意,我会相信你不会故意把我伤害,我会相信你终将发现我的可爱之处,我会相信你不会把我弃于不顾;我会相信我们是相爱的。如果我们彼此信任,我们就愿意敞开心扉,摘下面具,去掉伪装,显示我们真实的自我。
爱可以容忍缺点。在爱的关系中,必然会有厌烦的时候,有我想放弃的时候,有关系紧张的时候,有我感到绝望的时候。真爱不仅仅意味着我们能共同分享幸福。在艰难困苦的时期我也能和你在一起,因为我记得我们过去在一起度过的时光,如果我们对问题给予足够的重视,面对问题并能度过困难时期,我能想像我们将来在一起是个什么样子。我们同意梅尔教士的观点,即爱是改变生活的精神力量。爱是一种创造性的生活方式并能使生活改善。但是梅尔并不认为爱是完美世界独有的。“爱是给予我们这个有问题的不完善的世界的。爱是在痛苦的情况下发挥作用的精神。爱就是要使看起来无意义的生活变得有意义。”换句话说,爱来到这个不完美的世界使它适合人们居住。
爱是自由的行为。爱是自愿地付出,而不是要求之下的施舍。与此同时,我对你的爱并不取决于你是否能满足我对你的期望。真爱并不意味着“当你成为完美的人或当你成为我所期望的那种人时,我才爱你。”真爱不是带有附加条件的付出。爱是无条件的。
爱是博大的。如果我爱你,我会鼓励你向外发展,建立其他的人际关系。虽然我们之间的爱和彼此的承诺不允许我们做某些事情,但是我们并不是完全彻底地拴在一起。把一个人和另一个人拴在一起,而不给予他发展的空间,这是一种虚假的爱。凯斯和温斯伯格对这个概念有很好的解释:
我们相互承诺要鼓励对方充分的发展,这就真实证明了我们之间的爱。我们是相互依存的,为了完成自己的使命,需要对方的存在。但我们又是不同的个体,我们必须各自面对自己的奋斗。
爱意味着我需要我所爱的人,但并不是缺少他就不行。如果没有你我就无法生存,那么我就不能自由的爱你。我爱你,即使你离开了,即使我失落、难过和孤独,但我还能活下去。如果我的价值和我的生存过于依赖于你,那我就没有自由来审视我们之间的关系;也就没有审视和反驳你的自由。因为我害怕失去你,我就会降低要求,而这种迁就会使我产生不满情绪。
爱意味着理解所爱的人。如果我爱你,我就能与你有同样的情感,我就能通过你的眼睛去看这世界。我理解你是因为我能够在你身上看到我自己,并在我自己身上看到你。这种亲密无间并不意味着持续地呆在一起,有时候,距离和分别对于相爱同样是必要的。距离会加强爱的联系,会有助于我们重现认识自己,使我们可以以新的方式面对对方。
爱中充满了自我。只有我能真正地爱着自己,珍视自己,欣赏自己,尊重自己,我才能爱你。如果我生活空虚,那么我能给予你的只能是我的空虚。如果我感到自己是完整的,有价值的,那么我就能让你分享我的充实。给予我对你的爱,最好的方式就是和你在一起充分享受我的一切。
爱包含着看到我所爱的人的潜在能力。我爱那个人,我一方面承认他的现状,另一方面我现在就视他为他将来能够成为的那种人。歌德有一句与此相关的评论:我们如果按照人们的现状来对待他们,会使他们越来越差,要是按照他们应该达到的目标来对待和要求他们,我们就会促使他们变得更好。
我们把弗罗姆在《爱的艺术》里阐述的一个观点介绍给大家,以此来结束我们对真爱含义的论述。他对成熟的爱的归纳极好地总结了真爱的基本特征:
成熟的爱是两人的结合,但又不失各自的完整和特性。爱中有这种矛盾现象:合二为一,却又一分为二。
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你知道英美文化中的幸运符是什么吗?下面一起来看看幸运符的故事和来历吧。
In the old English custom, the hare (not rabbit) was said to have an evil eye, whose glance can only be countered by people who own a hare's hind foot.
In the olden days, it was said that the warrior Queen Boadicea of Norfolk, East Britain, brought a hare with her to ensure luck in battle against the Roman Empire who had invaded her kingdom.
在古代的英语文化习俗中,据说野兔(不是家兔)长着一只邪眼,只有拥有一只野兔的后脚的人才能正视它的目光。
据说,很久以前,来自英国东部诺福克的勇士博阿迪西亚女王在与入侵其王国的罗马帝国军队打仗时,就随身带着一只野兔来确保逢战必胜。
This brought people to believe that the hare had miraculous powers. However, the pagan practice of worshiping the hare eventually stopped after most Britons were converted to Christianity in the 6th century by the first Archbishop of Canterbury.
Nevertheless, many Britons carried hare's feet in their pocket or purse. Later, rabbits were introduced in Britain from the other European countries, and since rabbits can be caught more easily than hares, the rabbit's foot replaced the hare's foot as a lucky charm.
这个传说令人们相信野兔具有不可思议的魔力。然而,到了公元6世纪,随着大多数不列颠人在坎特伯雷大主教的教化下改信__,这种异教徒对野兔的膜拜行为最终停止了。
尽管如此,还是有很多英国人的口袋或者钱包中放着兔脚。后来,家兔从别的欧洲国家被引进到英国,由于家兔比野兔更容易获取,所以家兔的脚便取代野兔的脚成了幸运符。
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在英美等英语国家,像其它许多西方国家一样,有着尊重女性和给予女性某种优先权的传统习惯,这表现在日常交际中就是所谓的“女士优先”(lady first)。
在中世纪的英国,人们将救助弱者尤其是爱护女性认为是“骑士精神”。长期以来,西方的传统一直把照顾女性和尊重女性看作是交际礼仪的一个重要部分。尽管由于妇女解放运动(Women’s Liberation Movement)的影响,有的人认为“女士优先”的习俗是对“女性是弱者”的一种默认,甚至认为是对女性的一种侮辱。但是社会习俗的产生、存在和发展,有着它特有的历史原因和社会背景,它不会因为少数人的异议或反对而随意改变。在现代社会,“女士优先”作为一种社会礼仪,它仍在许多交际场合为人们所遵循:
上下电梯或汽车时,男士通常要主动为女士开门,要对其给予照顾并让其先行;
下楼时男士通常要走在前面,以保护女士不往前倾落;而上楼时男士则通常要走在后面,以确保女士不向后摔倒;
男士陪女士在大街上行走时,男士要主动为女士提拿东西并走在靠车辆的一侧,以防女士受车辆伤害;
出门时,男士要主动协助女士穿上外衣,并为其开门,让其先行;进门时,男士要主动协助女士脱下外衣,并为其让座。
进餐时,男士要主动站到女士背后,为其推拉椅子,帮她们坐好;离席时,男士也要主动为她们推拉椅子,以让她们能方便地起身、离席;
在会场或公共汽车上,男士要主动为女士让座;同时男士要想抽烟或开窗,要先征求女士的意见;
在介绍人们彼此认识时,通常是将下级介绍给上级;将身份低的介绍给身份高的;将年轻的介绍给年长的等,而在介绍男女认识时,出于对女士的尊敬,也总是将男士介绍给女士;
男女第一次相识时,是否要握手通常由女士来决定,即遇此情况,男士不宜冒然先将手伸出,而要等女士先伸出手,男士才能伸手相握。
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