为您找到与英文合同结尾相关的共200个结果:
商务合同是商品经济的产物,它随着商品经济的产生而产生,也随着商品经济的发展而发展,是商品交换关系在法律上的体现,受到国家法律的承认和保护。商务合同英语既具有商务英语的特点,同时也具有法律英语的特点。本文拟从准确严谨、庄重正式和简洁明了三个角度阐述分析商务英文合同的词汇特征。
Martin Joos按照语言使用的正式程度提出了英语的五种变体,即庄重文体(frozen style),正式文体(formal style),商议文体(consultative style),随便文体(casual style)和亲密文体(intimate style) 。一般认为商务合同英语属庄重文体,即五种变体英语中正式程度最高的一种。商务英文合同的庄重正式的词汇特征体现在专业术语和外来词古体词的使用上。
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邮件是日常工作中有效的沟通交流工具,那么你知道邮件应该怎么写吗?接下来小编为大家整理了英文邮件结尾写法,希望对你有帮助哦!
Best
This is the most ubiquitous; it's totally safe. Irecommend it highly and so do the experts.
最普遍;最安全。我和专家们都极力推荐这个。
My Best
A little stilted. Etiquette consultant Lett likes it.
有点生硬。礼仪顾问莱特喜欢这个。
My best to you
Lett also likes this one. I think it's old-fashioned.
莱特也喜欢这个。我认为它过时了。
All Best
Harmless.
可以用。
All the best
This works too.
这个也可以。
Best Wishes
Seems too much like a greeting card but it's not bad.
看起来特别像贺卡,但是还不赖。
Bests
I know people who like this but I find it fussy. Whydo you need the extra "s"?
我知道有人喜欢,但是我觉得它很繁琐。为什么你需要多余的“s”?
Best Regards
More formal than the ubiquitous "Best". Iuse this when I want a note of formality.
比最普遍的“Best”更正式。当我想要正式的写结尾时我会用这个。
Regards
Fine, anodyne, helpfully brief. I use this.
不错,稳重,简短。我用这个。
Rgds
I used to use this but stopped, because it's tryingtoo hard to be abbreviated. Why not type three more letters? OK if you'resending it from your phone.
我过去常用这个但是现在没用了,缩写太过了点。为什么不多写几个字母?如果是用手机发邮件的话,这个OK 。
Warm Regards
I like this for a personal email to someone you don'tknow very well, or a business email that is meant as a thank-you.
我喜欢在给不是很了解的人发私人邮件时用这个,或在商业邮件里表达谢意。
Warmest Regards
As good as Warm Regards, with a touch of added heat.
跟Warm Regards一样好,且更增添了一丝温暖。
Warmest
I use this often for personal emails, especially ifI'm close to someone but not in regular touch.
私人邮件中我常常用这个,尤其是当我跟某人比较熟但又不常联系时。
Warmly
This is a nice riff on the "warm" theme thatcan safely be used among colleagues.
这是一个关于 “warm” 主题很好的结尾,在同事之间使用很安全。
Take care
In the right instances, especially for personalemails, this works.
在适合的情况下,尤其是私人邮件,这个很有用。
Thanks
Lett says this is a no-no. "This is not aclosing. It's a thank-you," she insists. I disagree. Forbes Leadershipeditor Fred Allen uses it regularly and I think it's an appropriate, warm thingto say. I use it too.
莱特说这个禁用。她认为“这不是结尾而是感谢。”我不同意。福布斯领导力编辑弗莱德·艾伦经常用这个,我认为它是一个合适的、暖心的词。我也用。
Thanks so much
I also like this and use it, especially when someone—acolleague, a source, someone with whom I have a business relationship—has puttime and effort into a task or email.
我也喜欢而且会用这个,尤其是当某人——同事、人脉资源、跟我有业务关系的人——花时间和精力完成任务和邮件时,我会用这个。
Thanks!
This rubs me the wrong way because I used to have aboss who ended every email this way. She was usually asking me to perform atask and it made her sign-off seem more like a stern order, with a forced noteof appreciation, than a genuine expression of gratitude. But in the rightcontext, it can be fine.
这个很让我恼火,因为我曾经有个老板每封邮件都用这个结尾。他经常让我完成一个任务,带着勉强感谢的符号,这让他的结尾看起来像是一个严厉的命令,而不是真诚地致谢。但是在合适的语境中,它也适用。
Thank you
More formal than "Thanks." I use thissometimes.
比“Thanks”更正式。我有时用这个。
Thank you!
This doesn't have the same grating quality as"Thanks!" The added "you" softens it.
这个不会像“Thanks”那么让人不悦!“You” 缓和了语气。
Many thanks
I use this a lot, when I genuinely appreciate theeffort the recipient has undertaken.
当我由衷感谢收件人所付出的努力时,我常常用这个。
Thanks for yourconsideration.
A tad stilted with a note of servility, this can workin the business context, though it's almost asking for a rejection. Steer clearof this when writing a note related to seeking employment.
有点生硬带点屈从,尽管它几乎是寻求排斥,但是在商业邮件中它很有用。当你写就业相关的邮件时,避免使用它。
Thx
I predict this will gain in popularity as our emailsbecome more like texts.
随着我们的邮件变得更像文本,我猜想这个会越来越受欢迎。
Hope this helps
I like this in an email where you are trying to helpthe recipient.
在试图帮助收件人的邮件中我喜欢这个。
Looking forward
I use this too. I think it's gracious and warm, andshows you are eager to meet with the recipient.
我也用这个。我认为它很亲切、暖心,并且显得你很渴望见到收件人。
Rushing
This works when you really are rushing. It expresseshumility and regard for the recipient.
当你赶时间时这个很有用。它表达了你的谦卑和对收件人的尊重。
In haste
Also good when you don't have time to proofread.
当你没有时间校对时用这个也蛮好。
Be well
Some people find this grating. Not appropriate for abusiness email.
有些人认为不太好听,在商业邮件中不合适。
Peace
Retro, this sign-off wears its politics on its sleeve.It doesn't bother me but others might recoil.
很复古,这个结尾具有政治色彩。有人可能不太适应,但我OK。
Yours Truly
I don't like this. It makes me feel like I'm ten yearsold and getting a note from a pen pal in Sweden.
我不喜欢这个。它让我有种我十岁从瑞典笔友那里收到一封信的感觉。
Yours
Same problem as above.
和上面那个问题一样。
Very Truly Yours
Lett likes this for business emails but I find itstilted and it has the pen pal problem.
莱特喜欢在商业邮件中用这个,但我认为不自然,还是像笔友信件。
Sincerely
Lett also likes this but to me, it signals that thewriter is stuck in the past. Maybe OK for some formal business correspondence,like from the lawyer handling your dead mother's estate.
莱特也喜欢这个,但是对于我来说,这表明作者停留在过去。也许对于某些正式的商业通信是OK的,例如来自处理你去世母亲遗产的律师信函。
Sincerely Yours
Same problem as "Sincerely," but hokier.
跟“Sincerely”问题一样,但是有些做作。
Cheers!
I wonder how prevalent this is in the UK. I've onlyseen it from Americans who are trying for a British affectation. I know itshouldn't grate on me but it does. I also don't like people telling me to cheerup.
我好奇这个在英国怎么这么流行。我只在试图模仿英国人的美国人的邮件中看到过这个。我知道这个不该激怒我,但是它确实会。我也不喜欢别人告诉我cheer up。
Ciao(意大利语的“你好;再见”)
Pretentious for an English-speaker, though I can seeusing it in a personal, playful email.
母语是英语的人用这个词显得很装,虽然在一些玩笑化的个人邮件中使用它我能理解。
Your name
Terse but just fine in many circumstances. Probablynot a good idea for an initial email.
虽然简洁,但是在很多情况下都适用。可能用在最开始的邮件中用不是很好。
Sent from my iPhone
This may be the most ubiquitous sign-off. It used tobother me but I realize that it explains brevity and typos.
这可能是你常常看到的结尾。以前这个签名总是困扰我,但后来我明白了它只是为了解释信件简洁和出现错别字的原因。
Typos courtesy of my iPhone
Slightly clever but it's gotten old. Better to use theautomated message.
稍显聪明,但很老旧了。用自动消息会更好。
Sent from a prehistoricstone tablet
I laughed the first time I read it but then the jokewore thin.
当我第一次读到时,我笑了,但是过后这个笑话就不好笑了。
Pardon my monkey thumbs
Same problem here.
跟上面的问题一样。
Please consider theenvironment before printing this e-mail.
A preachy relic of the past. Who doesn't know thatprinting uses paper?
证明发件人过去爱说教。谁不知道用纸打印对环境的影响?
vCards
I think these are a great idea. At least they workwell on my Dell desktop when I want to load a contact into Outlook.
我认为这个是个好主意。当我想要加载一个联系方式到Outlook上时,至少这个在我的戴尔桌面上很好用。
This email is off the recordunless otherwise indicated.
I'm wondering what kind of paranoid people put this intheir signatures.
我很好奇多么偏执的人才会在他的签名中用这个。
Lengthy disclaimers
We've all seen these and ignored them, though Iunderstand that many companies require them. Forbes' in-house legal counsel,Kai Falkenberg, says she knows of no cases that have relied on legaldisclaimers, though she says they might serve as persuasive evidence in a tradesecrets case where a party was attempting to keep information confidential.
我们都看到过这些,但是忽略了他们,尽管我知道很多公司需要它们。福布斯的咨询律师卡伊·法尔肯贝里说她还没听说过法律免责声明派上用场的时候,尽管它们可能在一方试图保持信息机密的商业机密案中被当作是具有说服力的证据。
Initial
Good if you know the recipient and even fine in abusiness context if it's someone with whom you correspond frequently.
如果你认识收件人,这样用很好;如果你经常和他通信,那么这个在商业邮件中也很适用。
Love
This seems too informal, like over-sharing in thebusiness context.
这个看起来太不正式,在商业邮件中就像过度分享。
XOXO
I've heard of this being used in business emails but Idon't think it's a good idea.
我听说过在商业邮件中使用这个,但是我认为这不是个好主意。
Lots of love
I would only use this in a personal email. The"lots of" makes it even more inappropriately effusive than thesimple, clean “Love.”
我只会在私人邮件中使用这个。“Lots of”比简洁的“Love”更显得过度热情。
Hugs
It's hard to imagine this in a business email but it'sgreat when you're writing to your granny.
很难想象在商务邮件中用这个,但是如果你是在跟你的奶奶写信,这个就非常好。
Smiley face
Emoticons are increasingly accepted, though somepeople find them grating. I wouldn't sign off this way unless I were writing tomy kid.
尽管有些人为之恼火,但是表情符号越来越被广为接受。但除非我跟我的孩子写信,否则我不会用这个结尾。
;-)
I've gotten emails from colleagues with these symbolsand I find they brighten my day.
我收到过同事发的邮件中使用这个符号,我觉得它们很阳光。
[:-)
I'm a sucker for variations on the smiley face madewith punctuation marks, though I suspect most people don't like them.
尽管我怀疑大多数人都不喜欢,但是我看到用标点符号构成的笑脸还挺高兴的。
High five from down low
A colleague shared this awful sign-off which isregularly used by a publicist who handles tech clients. An attempt to soundcool, which fails.
一个同事分享了这个糟糕的结尾,这个结尾被处理技术客户的公关频繁使用。这个尝试听起来很酷,但是未能凑效。
Take it easy bro
Though it might turn some people off, I would be finereceiving an email with this sign-off, knowing the sender lives in an informalmilieu.
尽管它可能使一些人反感,但是我收到用它结尾的邮件时感觉挺好,因为我知道这个发件人在非正式的环境下生活。
See you around
Lett would cringe but this seems fine to me.
莱特可能不喜欢,但是对我来说似乎挺好。
Have a wonderful bountifullustful day
It's weird and off-putting.
这种表达很奇怪而且会令人不快。
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小编为大家整理了商务合同种类中英文翻译。一起来学习一下吧!
contract of employment
雇佣合同
contract of engagement
雇佣合同
contract of carriage
运输合同
contract of arbitration
仲裁合同
contract for goods
订货合同
contract for purchase
采购合同
contract for service
劳务合同
contract for future delivery
期货合同
contract of sale
销售合同
contract of insurance
保险合同
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拟合同是进行贸易中非常重要的步骤。接下来小编为大家整理了英文合同的参考范例,一起来看看吧!
合同 CONTRACT
日期: 合同号码:
Date: Contract No.:
买 方: (The Buyers) 卖方: (The Sellers)
兹经买卖双方同意按照以下条款由买方购进,卖方售出以下商品:
This contract is made by and between the Buyers and the Sellers; whereby the Buyers agree to buy and the Sellers agree to sell the under-mentioned goods subject to the terms and conditions as stipulated hereinafter:
(1) 商品名称:
Name of Commodity:
(2) 数 量:
Quantity:
(3) 单 价:
Unit price:
(4) 总 值:
Total Value:
(5) 包 装:
Packing:
(6) 生产国别:
Country of Origin :
(7) 支付条款:
Terms of Payment:
(8) 保 险:
Insurance:
(9) 装运期限:
Time of Shipment:
(10) 起 运 港:
Port of Lading:
(11) 目 的 港:
Port of Destination:
(12)索赔:在货到目的口岸45天内如发现货物品质,规格和数量与合同不符,除属保险公司或船方责任外,买方有权凭中国商检出具的检验证书或有关文件向卖方索赔换货或赔款。
Claims:
Within 45 days after the arrival of the goods at the destination, should the quality, Specifications or quantity be found not in conformity with the stipulations of the contract except those claims for which the insurance company or the owners of the vessel are liable. The Buyers shall, have the right on the strength of the inspection certificate issued by the C.C.I.C and the relative documents to claim for compensation to the Sellers.
(13)不可抗力:由于人力不可抗力的原由,发生在制造、装载或运输的过程中导致卖方延期交货或不能交货者,卖方可免除责任。在不可抗力发生后,卖方须立即电告买方及在14天内以空邮方式向买方提供事故发生的证明文件,在上述情况下,卖方仍须负责采取措施尽快发货。
Force Majeure:
The sellers shall not be held responsible for the delay in shipment or non-deli-very of the goods due to Force Majeure, which might occur during the process of manufacturing or in the course of loading or transit. The sellers shall advise the Buyers immediately of the occurrence mentioned above the within fourteen days there after. The Sellers shall send by airmail to the Buyers for their acceptance certificate of the accident. Under such circumstances the Sellers, however, are still under the obligation to take all necessary measures to hasten the delivery of the goods.
(14)仲裁:凡有关执行合同所发生的一切争议应通过友好协商解决,如协商不能解决,则将分歧提交中国国际贸易促进委员会按有关仲裁程序进行仲裁,仲裁将是终局的,双方均受其约束,仲裁费用由败诉方承担。
Arbitration:
All disputes in connection with the execution of this Contract shall be settled friendly through negotiation. In case no settlement can be reached, the case then may be submitted for arbitration to the Arbitration Commission of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade in accordance with the Provisional Rules of Procedure promulgated by the said Arbitration Commission. The Arbitration committee shall be final and binding upon both parties. And the Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing parties.
买方: 卖方:
(授权签字) (授权签字)
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商务英文合同你知道是怎样的吗?合同是约定当事人权利义务的正式文件,对英文合同中的语言的要求不同于一般基础英语或者文学作品。下面是小编为你整理的怎样阅读商务英文合同_商务英文合同范本格式,希望对你有用!
合同 CONTRACT
日期:合同号码:
Date:Contract No.:
买方:(The ;Buyers) 卖方:(The Sellers)
兹经买卖双方同意按照以下条款由买方购进,卖方售出以下商品:
This contract is made by and between the Buyers and the Sellers;whereby the Buyers agree to buy and the Sellers agree to sell the under-mentioned goods subject to the terms and conditions as stipulated hereinafter:
(1)商品名称:
Name of Commodity:来源:www.examda.com
(2)数量:
Quantity:
(3)单价:
Unit price:
(4)总值:
Total Value:
(5)包装:
Packing:
(6)生产国别:
Country of Origin :
(7)支付条款:
Terms of Payment:
(8)保险:
insurance:
(9)装运期限:
Time of Shipment:
(10)起运港:
Port of Lading:
(11)目的港:
Port of Destination:
(12)索赔:在货到目的口岸45天内如发现货物品质,规格和数量与合同不附,除属保险公司或船方责任外,买方有权凭中国商检出具的检验证书或有关文件向卖方索赔换货或赔款。
Claims:
Within 45 days after the arrival of the goods at the destination,should the quality,Specifications or quantity be found not in conformity with the stipulations of the contract except those claims for which the insurance company or the owners of the vessel are liable,the Buyers shall,have the right on the strength of the inspection certificate issued by the C.C.I.C and the relative documents to claim for compensation to the Sellers
(13)不可抗力:由于人力不可抗力的原由发生在制造,装载或运输的过程中导致卖方延期交货或不能交货者,卖方可免除责任,在不可抗力发生后,卖方须立即电告买方及在14天内以空邮方式向买方提供事故发生的证明文件,在上述情况下,卖方仍须负责采取措施尽快发货。
Force Majeure:
The sellers shall not be held responsible for the delay in shipment or non-deli-very of the goods due to Force Majeure,which might occur during the process of manufacturing or in the course of loading or transit. The sellers shall advise the Buyers immediately of the occurrence mentioned above the within fourteen days there after . the Sellers shall send by airmail to the Buyers for their acceptancea certificate of the accident. Under such circumstances the Sellers, however, are still under the obligation to take all necessary measures to hasten the deliveryof the goods.
(14)仲裁:凡有关执行合同所发生的一切争议应通过友好协商解决,如协商不能解决,则将分歧提交中国国际贸易促进委员会按有关仲裁程序进行仲裁,仲裁将是终局的,双方均受其约束,仲裁费用由败诉方承担。
Arbitration:
All disputes in connection with the execution of this Contract shall be settled friendly through negotiation. in case no settlement can be reached, the case then may be submitted for arbitration to the Arbitration Commission of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade in accordance with the Provisional Rules of Procedure promulgated by the said Arbitration Commission . the Arbitration committee shall be final and binding upon both parties. and the Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing parties.
买方: 卖方:
(授权签字) (授权签字)
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合同的大纲确定之后,就要开始正式的写作了。在写作时,下面这些方面请务必注意,因为它们可是关系到合同的内容与法律效力的。下面是读文网小编整理的英文合同写作的注意事项,欢迎大家阅读!
1.标题上注明“合同”两字。不要为碰运气而忽略这个。如果你的客户需要合同,就要注明是合同。一个仍在联邦法院里任职的法官就曾经裁定:有双方签字,但标有“建议书”的文件并非合同。这给我们的教训就是,你怎么想,就应该怎么说。如果你想让你的文件成为具有法律效力的合同,就要在标题中注明“合同”字样。
2.写短句子,因为短句子比长句子更容易理解。
3.用主动语态而不用被动语态。相对而言,主动语态的句子更简短,措词更精练,表达更明白。让我们来看一个例子吧,主动语态的句子:卖方将把此物卖给买方;被动语态的句子:此物将被卖方卖给买方。
4.不要用“双周”之类的词,因为这有可能产生歧义--是两周还是每隔一周?类似的词还有“双月”,所以最好这样写:“两周”或“每隔一周”。
5.不要用“活跃的白蚁和有机体”之类的话,为了避免模棱两可,最好这样写:“活跃的白蚁和活跃的有机体”或是“白蚁和活跃的有机体”。当一组名词(如“白蚁和有机体”)前有一个修饰语(如“活跃的”)时,你一定要弄清楚这个修饰语是修饰两个名词还是仅仅修饰第一个名词。如果是修饰两个词,可以用排比的手法分别在这两个词之前加上修饰语,如果你只想修饰一个名词,那么你就应该把这个词放在这组词的最后,然后在它的前面加上修饰语。
6.不要用“出租人”和“承租人”。这对一个租赁合同来说是不好的别称,因为他们容易被颠倒或者出现打印错误。可以用“房东”和“租户”来代替他们。同样,在合同中也不要用“留置权人”和“留置人”,“抵押权人”和“抵押人”,“保证人”和“被保证人”,“许可人”和“被许可人”,“当事人A”和“当事人B”……到底怎么说,这就要看你驾驭语言的能力了。不过,要把握的一条原则是,在整个合同中,对合同一方只能用一个别称。
7.使用术语“本文(herein,也可译为“在这里”)”时要当心。为了避免含糊不清,使用“本文”时最好特别申明一下“本文”是指整个合同,还是指其所在的某一段落。
8.写数目时要文字和阿拉伯数字并用,如:拾(10)。这将减少出错的几率。
9.如果你想用“包括”这个词,就要考虑在其后加上“但不限于……”的分句。除非你能够列出所有被包括的项,否则最好用“但不限于……”的分句,来说明你只是想举个例子。
10.不要依赖于语法规则。那些你在学校里学到的语法规则并不是放之四海而皆准的东西,因为有权力来解释此合同的法官或陪审团成员学的语法规则可能和你学的不一样,但不管学的是什么规则,撰写合同都要遵循一个基本原则:简洁、明确。检查你写的东西是否达到这个要求有个好办法,那就是去掉所有的句号和逗号,然后读一下。在没有标点符号的情况下,选择正确的词语放在正确的位置上,这将使你写出来的东西更简明,更流畅。
11.不要创造词语。合同文书不是创造性的作品,也就不应因为意思的细微差别而引起思考或争论。合同文书应该是清晰、直接而准确的。因此,要使用普通的词语,表达普通的意思,为普通人撰写合同。
12.用词一致。在一份销售合同中,如果你想用“货物”来指整个合同的标的物,就不要时而称它们为“货物”,时而又改称它们为“产品”。保持用词一致性比避免重复更加重要。不要担心这会让读者打瞌睡;你应该提防的是对方律师会因为含糊不清的合同而将你告上法庭。
13.在文法和标点符号上保持一致。你所学的文法和标点用法可能和别人学的不一样,但你最好在使用上保持一致。要特别注意句末的引号、时间和地点之后的逗号以及文风的相似性。
14.可以在合同中加入所依据的法律、合同发生地、律师费等条款。有了这些条款,一旦合同引起诉讼,你就已经为你的客户打这场诉讼战准备好了一些“弹药”。
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随着商品经济的迅猛发展,合同在经济生活中的地位越发重要.但由于市场主体法律素质不高,在合同的订立、履行过程中因语言的不规范而引发的经济纠纷时有发生,影响了正常的社会经济秩序.为从中吸取教训,笔者通过辅导<应用写作>,结合所收集的有纠纷的经济合同,通过分析研究,认为在合同写作中应注意以下几个问题:
但是从一些合同的英文译本中发现,这种公文语副同常被普通词语所代替,从而影响到译文的质量。
实际上,这种公文语惯用副词为数并不多,而已构词简单易记。常用的这类副词是由 here、there、where 等副词分别加上 after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、with 等副词,构成一体化形式的公文语副词。例如:
在上文:hereinabovehereinbefore;
在下文:hereinafterhereinbelow;
在上文中、在上一部分中:thereinbefore;
在下文中、在下一部分中:thereinafter.
现用两个实例,说明在英译合同中如何酌情使用上述副词。
例 1:本合同自买方和建造方签署之日生效。
This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer and the Builder.
例 2:下述签署人同意在中国制造新产品,其品牌以此为合适。
The undersigned hereby agrees that the new products whereto this trade name is more appropriate are made in China.
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英文合同中使用的大量长句,主要分为三大类:简单长句、复合长句和并列长句。在翻译这些长句时,首先要正确理解各种相关成分的逻辑关系,然后再适当切分,理出句子的主干成分。最后再按汉语表达习惯,变动语序,重新组合。这样才能连贯、准确、清晰地予以表达。
由 于撰写合同时不能遗漏任何可能情况,所以英文商务合同中往往有大量并列成分。这些并列成分包括并列的词、短语以及从句。从语用角度看,并列的平行结构使合同的句式平衡,表意完整。在翻译由两个或两个以上的并列单句构成的复杂长句时可以采用分句译法。并列长句的分句之间的语义关系比较松散,因此翻译时可以断 开,分解成单句独立存在。例如:
The Buyer shall have the right to claim against the Seller for compensation of losses within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination,should the quality of the goods be found not in conformity with the specifications stipulated in the Contract after re-inspection by the China Commodity Inspection Bureau and the Buyer shall have the right to claim against the Sellers for compensation of short-weight within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination,should the weight be found not in conformity with that stipulated in the Bill of Lading after re-inspection by the CCIB.
此句由两个结构相同的并列分句组成,均为主句在前,条件状语在后,在两个条件状语中均含有时间状语,此外,两个并列分句中也都含有时间 状语,均为within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination,译成中文时,条件状语应分别置于主句之前,而所有的时间状语均放在各自修饰的动词的前面。同时,为了符合汉语句式较短的特点,可以将两个并列分句断开,分解成两个单句,即译成:
若货物经中国商品检验局复检后发现质量与本合同之规定不符,买方有权于货物抵达目的港后的60天内向卖方提出索赔。若经中国商品检验局复检发现货物质量与提单所示重量不符,买方有权于货物抵达目的港后的60天内向卖方提出短重索赔。
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随着中外交流的深入,英文合同日益常见。文章简要分析了合同英语在选用词汇方面的特点,力求对商务英语的教学和学习有所裨益。
May, shall , must ,may not (或shall not)对学过英语的人再熟悉不过,但在合同中用这些词时要极其谨慎。权利义务的约见定部分构成了合同的主体。这几个词如选用不当,可能会引起纠纷。
may 旨在约定当事人的权利(可以做什么),Shall约定当事人的义务(应当做什么时候), must 用于强制性义务(必须做什么),may not (或shall not)用于禁止性义务(不得做什么)。May do 不能说成can do shall do,不能说成should do 或ought to do,may not do 在美国一些法律文件可以用shall not,但绝不能用can not do或must not )
例如,在约定解决争议的途径时的,可以说:
The parties hereto shall, first of all, settle any dispute arising from or in connection with the contract by friendly negotiations. Should such negotiations fail, such dispute may be referred to the People's Court having jurisdiction on such dispute for settlement in the absence of any arbitration clause in the disputed contract or in default of agreement reached after such dispute occurs.
本句中的shall 和may表达准确。出现争议后应当先行协商,所以采用了义务性“约定”,如果协商解决不了,作为当事人的权利,用选择性约定may也很妥当。如果may和 shall 调换位置会怎么样?前半句的shall换用may后,意思变成了当事人可以通过协商解决,意思上说得过去,但后半句的may换用shall 后,变成了应当诉讼解决,好象一出事,就要先见官,这就有些不友好了。
本句可译:双方首先应通过友好协商,解决因合同而发生的或与合同有关的争议。如果协商未果,合同中又无仲裁条款约定或争议发生后未就仲裁达成协方的,可将争议提交有管辖权的人民法院解决。
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在高考英语作文中,结尾能够用对单词,往往能够前后呼应,起到最佳效果。以下是读文网小编给大家带来高考英语作文结尾公式,供大家学习参考。
【我们盼望于近日内接获回信,等。】
1. We hope to receive your favour at an early date.
2. We hope to be favoured with a reply with the least delay.
3. We await a good news with patience.
4. We hope to receive a favourable reply per return mail.
5. We await the pleasure of receiving a favourable reply at an early date.
6. We await the favour of your early (prompt) reply.
7. A prompt reply would greatly oblige us.
8. We trust you will favour us with an early (prompt) reply.
9. We trust that you will reply us immediately.
10. We should be obliged by your early (prompt) reply.
11. Will your please reply without delay what your wishes are in this matter?
12. Will you kindly inform us immediately what you wish us to do.
13. We request you to inform us of your decision by return of post.
14. We are awaiting (anxious to receive) your early reply.
15. We thank you for the anticipated favour of your early reply.
16. We should appreciate an early reply.
17. We thank you in anticipation of your usual courteous prompt attention.
18. We thank you now for the courtesy of your early attention.
19. We hope to receive your reply with the least possible delay.
20. Kindly reply at your earliest convenience.
21. Please send your reply by the earliest delivery.
22. Please send your reply by messenger.
23. Please reply immediately.
24. Please favour us with your reply as early as possible.
25. Please write to us by tonight's mail, without fail.
26. May we remind you that we are still awaiting your early reply.
27. May we request the favour of your early reply?
28. A prompt reply would help us greatly.
29. A prompt reply will greatly oblige us.
30. Your prompt reply would be greatly appreciated.
31. Your prompt attention to this matter would be greatly esteemed.
32. We look forward to receiving your early reply.
33. We thank you now for this anticipated courtesy.
34. As the matter is urgent, an early reply will oblige.
35. We reply on receiving your reply by return of post.
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准备工作做好以后,我们就要开始来起草合同了。在起草合同时,有几点需要注意:
1.从简单、典型的合同入手。像房子一样,一个合同必须有一个牢固的根基。
2.在合同的第一段要写清楚双方的名称。这个问题很简单,但也需要重视。如果是个人,要写清姓和名,中间名可能的话应写上大写首字母,其他身份信息如果需要也应注明,例如:Jr.,M.D,等等;如果是公司,为避免弄错,写名称时可以到公司注册地的相应机构去核对一下。
3.确定合同双方的别称(简称)。为便于阅读,一般要在合同的第一段为双方设定一个别称,如:将詹姆士·马丁简称为“马丁”。
4.使用法定术语作为双方当事人的别称时,要小心。除非一方当事人在法定上就是承包人,否则不要将"承包人"作为其别称。同样,除非你想让一方当事人成为法定上的代理人,否则不要称其为"代理人",如果坚持要用,最好明确一下代理范围并找到其他可以避免将来争执的方案。
5.在合同的第一段要为书写签约时间留下空格。把签约时间放在第一段,当合同签署后,你就可以很容易地找到它,而且,这样做还可以给你在其他相关文件中准确地描述这个合同提供帮助,例如:不动产买卖合同,订立于2000年12月20日。
6.书写引述语。引述语是指那些放在合同主体前面的"鉴于"条款。书写此类条款的目的是为了让读者(通常指合同双方,法官,陪审团)很快地了解到合同的主要内容是什么,合同双方是谁,以及他们为什么签订合同,等等。当然,合同主体的第一段也可以加上声明,并说明其是真实准确的,如果这样做了,合同双方将来就不会就引述语作为合同的一部分是否具有法律效力而争执。
Recitals.
Employment.
Duties.
Term.
Compensation.
7.列出合同大纲,按逻辑顺序列出合同段落的标题词。合同的段落是按一定的逻辑顺序组织起来的,当然,你并不需要一下子列出所有段落的标题词,想到多少就写多少。将相关的概念在一个段落或是在连续的段落里表达。比如:劳动合同的标题词:
引述语
聘用
职责
期限
赔偿
8.在撰写每一段时要注意内容集中,不要东拉西扯。说明合同双方同意做什么,不同意做什么就可以了。
9.放一个便笺簿在手边,以便记下需要添加的条款。在书写合同的同时,你可能随时会想到一些需要添加的条款、措词和问题,要尽快记在便笺簿上,以免忘记。另外,你最好将客户列出的要点和一些类似的合同范本也放在眼前,以便在书写过程中随时查对。
10.除非是为了更清晰地说明问题,否则不要在合同中重复陈述某个内容。反复地陈述同一个东西很容易让人模棱两可。只有当一个概念难于理解时,你才应该用不同的方式书写。另外,如果你想通过一个例子来阐明一个难以理解的概念或规则时,一定要考虑到其所有的含义、这个例子的准确性以及它和概念的相符性。
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下面是读文网小编整理的英文写作开头结尾的万能公式,以供大家学习参考。
英语作文开头万能公式:
Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that…
2. 结尾万能公式二:如此建议
如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话,那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了,因为这里虽然也是废话,但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽!
Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.
这里的虚拟语气用得很经典,因为考官本来经常考这个句型,而如果我们自己写出来,你说考官会怎么想呢?
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商务英语是以适应职场生活的语言要求为目的,内容涉及到商务活动的方方面面。商务英语课程不只是简单地对学员的英文水平、能力的提高,它更多地是向学员传授一种西方的企业管理理念、工作心理,甚至是如何和外国人打交道,如何和他们合作、工作的方式方法,以及他们的生活习惯等,从某种程度上说是包含在文化概念里的。下面是读文网小编整理的一些关于写英文合约的正文条款与结尾辞的方法,欢迎大家阅读!
所谓“特殊条款”指的是只有在某些特定性质的合约中才会出现的条款,例如合资契约中通常会约定当事人合资成立的公司由谁来管理,董事与监察人由谁来担任等等问题,但是抵押契约就不会有这些约定。反过来说,抵押契约中一定要记载的抵押品项目、抵押期限等等,在合资契约中就不会出现。诸如此类的“特殊条款”我们将另文讲述。
相对于“特殊条款”的所谓“一般条款”,指的是不论合约性质如何,几乎所有的合约中都会记载的条款,例如管辖法院的约定、保密条款、准据法条款等等,我们会另文讲述。
英文合约架构中的最后一个部份就是结尾辞与当事人的签名。所谓“结尾辞”指的是在当事人签名之前经常会出现一段文字,除了表明签名人确实有签名的正当权限外,还会载明签名的日期。至于签名栏的部份,如果当事人是公司的话,除了要盖公司印鉴以外,还要有代表人的签名,并且通常会注明代表人的职位(title)。
IN WITNESS WHEREOF&, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed by duly authorized representatives & of both parties on the date and year first written above.
___________________ ___________________
By: By:
Title: Title:
本约由被授权之人,于本约序文所记载日期,代表双方当事人缔结之,特此为证。
_________________ __________________
代表人: 代表人:
职位: 职位:
& IN WITNESS WHEREOF
这三个词是英文合约结尾辞的标准模式,就权利义务的规范上并没有什么特别的功能或意义,与中文合约里最后通常会记载的"恐口说无凭,特立本约为证"很类似,有时候会用INTENDING TO BE LEGALLY BOUND 代替,意思也是一样的。
& duly authorized representatives
当合约之当事人为法人组织时,必须推派出一位自然人作为代表,例如公司的代表人通常会是董事长,代表公司与其它人订立合约,建立权利义务关系。除了董事长根据法律当然具备对外代表公司的权限之外,公司董事会也可以决议授权某一个董事、总经理、或其它重要职员作为公司签约的代表人,此时与公司签约的对方当事人为了确保这个代表人的确属于duly authorized representative,可以要求公司提供这个授权的董事会决议证明,以妥善保护自己的权益。
& the date and year first written above
如果合约结尾辞里注明的日期和合约最前面序文所载的日期相同,就用这句话表示,如果不同的话,就应该另以条款明定合约生效日(Effective Date),以免产生争议。
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英文合同(惯用副词)商务合同是一种特殊的应用文体,重在记实,用词行文的一大特点就是准确与严谨。本文拟运用英译商务合同的实例,从三个方面论述如何从大处着眼、小处着手、力求准确严谨英译商务合同。
商务合同属于法律性公文,所以英译时,有些词语要用公文语词语、特别是酌情使用英语惯用的一套公文语副词,就会起到使译文结构严谨、逻辑严密、言简意赅的作用。但是从一些合同的英文译本中发现,这种公文语副词常被普通词语所代替,从而影响到译文的质量。
实际上,这种公文语惯用副词为数并不多,而且简单易记。常用的这类副词是由 here、there、where 等副词分别加上 after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、with 等副词,构成一体化形式的公文语副词。例如:
从此以后、今后:hereafter;
此后、以后:thereafter;
在其上:thereon,thereupon;
在其下:thereunder;
对于这个:hereto;
对于那个:whereto;
在上文:hereinabove,hereinbefore;
在下文:hereinafter,hereinbelow
现用两个实例,说明在英译合同中如何酌情使用上述副词。
本合同自买方和建造方签署之日生效。 This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer and the Builder.
下述签署人同意在中国制造新产品,其品牌以此为合适。 The undersigned hereby agrees that the new products whereto this trade name is more appropriate are made in China.
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大家都知道,在大型考试中,作文的首尾最重要,英语作文也不例外,因为这是阅卷老师会重点看的地方,也是文章主旨或结论的展现部分,因此,首尾的写作一定要出彩,这对于取得高分很重要,之前有给大家写过很多万能模板,今天小编给大家总结出一些作文结尾出彩的句子,供大家参考!
1. OK, I'd better quit now
so you don't have to spend the whole day reading my message.
I look forward to hearing more from you.
Take care.
Ben
我的朋友每次给我写邮件都是“飞流直下三千尺”,我现在才反应过来原来我的阅读能力就是这样训练出来的:)不过说实话,我很喜欢读朋友写的东西,他写的东西确实挺幽默,我经常一个人坐在电脑前一边读邮件一边哈哈大笑。朋友说so you don't have to spend the whole day reading my message说明他很“体谅”我,所以才说必须离开了,要不然他一直这么写下去我这一整天也什么也不用做了,光读邮件了:)其实我觉得用中文讲出来都已经没有原来的味道了,大家最好还是用英文的思维去体会其中的幽默吧!
2. That's all I can think of for now. I'll close with another email hug. Take good care of yourself.
Ben
朋友说今天就写到这儿,怎么结束呢?当然是来一个email hug hug是拥抱的意思,现在流行email hug 哟。怎么样,够形象吧?
3. I really enjoy conversing with you, and it will be fun to talk more often.
Take care, and good luck.
Ben
在结尾表达跟我谈话很开心,用了enjoy conversing with … converse 这个词大家应该很眼熟吧,对啦,它就是conversation的动词,不过我们平时用得少,看来还是得多学学native speaker的地道用词啊:)
4. I look forward to hearing from you again. Best wishes in your job search, and best wishes to you and your family.
Warmest regards,
Ben
这是一个很常规的结尾,表达了良好的祝愿。不过Warmest regards我们在课本上好像学不到哟!一般我们只知道Best wishes 或者是Best regards.
5. I guess I will quit writing now. I look forward to hearing from you again very soon.
Best wishes,
Ben
再一次看到了quit, 应该不陌生了。学会怎么用了吗?如果你要结尾了就可以说quit writing.
6. Please write again soon.
Best wishes,
Ben
这是最直接的提醒我尽快回信的方式。
7.
I wish you the very best in the coming year. I will talk to you more soon.
Ben
结尾很自然地传递了新年的美好祝福。
8. I need to get to work, so I'll write more later. I look forward to hearing from you again soon.
Ben
look forward to doing 这个短语非常重要,最主要是很实用,而且很常用。
9. OK, that's all for now. I've got to get some things done before going to work with Santa again today. I'll talk to you soon.
Ben
在停笔离开前简要说明原由,这样不会觉得结束得太唐突。嗯,这一招是可以学一学的!
10.I guess that's all for now. I hope you will write again soon. Hearing from you is always a highlight of my day.
Take care!
Ben
用一个I guess显得很自然。还记得highlight 这个词吗?我们在信件开头中见到过,意思是“最精彩的部分”,如果你也这样写给你的朋友,告诉他/她收到他的来信是你一天中最精彩的、最重要的事,那么,你的朋友一定会非常的开心!试试吧:)
11. Do you get just as much or more celebrating at the beginning of the Chinese New Year? Anyway, best wishes and good health to you for the New Year.
I better get to work now. I'll talk to you again soon.
Take good care of yourself.
Ben
在结尾时,提出一个问题作为下次聊天的话题,同时也很自然地传递了祝福。
12. If you want to talk more about this controversy, let me know.
I look forward to hearing from you again. Take care.
Ben
用If you want to talk more about…let me know.告诉我如果我还想继续讨论上一次的话题尽管提出来,因为某一个话题可能一次是不够讲的。
13. OK, it's kind of late, so I'll quit for now. I have to go to bed to ensure enough sleep.
I hope to hear from you agan soon.
Take care.
Ben
OK, it's kind of late。我觉得这种结尾方式最简便了,无需更多语言,因为充足的睡眠当然是非常重要的。Kind of 的意思是“有一点“
14. Well, it's now 1:30 a.m. here, so that means it's 4:30 p.m. in Beijing. I need to go to bed so I will be rested for another day.
Take care! Ben
用相隔遥远的两个地方的时间这么一对比,觉得挺有意思的,反正我自己是很少算得这么准的,只知道我们这儿是白天,美国就是晚上了:)
15. Let me know if you have more questions for better understanding of our humor. I can help you with your training, particularly with the humor. That is something I'm good at.
Take care.
Ben
我的朋友经常都会很客气地用Let me know if you…这样的方式问我是否需要更多的帮助等。我当然是抓住一切机会多提问啦!因为问得越多,从他那儿了解到的东西就越多啦。
16. OK, that's it for the moment. I'll be looking for a message from you tonight, I hope.
Take care!
Ben
朋友没有直接说I hope you can write to me tonight, 而是很委婉地说I'll be looking for a message from you…,这种间接的提出希望和要求的表达方式很新颖哟,还有点不露痕迹的意思!用一下试试看:)
17. Well, since I don't have much to respond to this time, and since I have to get up early in the morning, I'll quit for now. I hope you had a good time with your friend.
Talk to you soon.
Ben
这里用两个since (表原因)来给这封邮件画上句号,很自然也很贴切。
18. OK, that's all for now. I need to get a little sleep before I go to the airport. Talk to you soon.
Ben!
这里get a little sleep 用得很好,把sleep 当名词用,而且搭配动词get, 可以丰富我们过去单一的表达,如:I need to sleep for a while. 对比一下,哪一个更生动一些呢:)
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下面是读文网小编整理的英文商务合同的结构格式, 希望对大家有帮助。
一、合约的标题
英文合约和中文合约都一样,标题并不是一定要有的,因为当事人间的法律关系是用合约内容的各个条款来判断,标题基本上不会产生任何影响。但为方便辨识的考量,合约撰写人通常都会依照合约性质,在合约首页的最上方给予一个适当的标题,例如 "Share Purchase Agreement"(股份收购合约)、"Joint Venture Agreement"(合资合约)、 "Loan Agreement"(贷款合约)、 "Distribution Agreement"(经销合约)、 "License Agreement"(授权合约)等等。
二、合约的序文
英文合约在标题之后,各式各样的条款出现之前,通常会先有一段「序文」,一般而言不会占去太多的篇幅,目的在很简略地介绍合约规范内容之人、事、时、地、物等背景。详细来说,序文通常又分作以下两个段落:第一部份文字叫做 "commencement" ,也就是合约的「开场白」,内容在说明合约当事人姓名或名称、当事人的国籍与住所或主营业所、订约日期等等。
This Share Purchase Agreement is made on the 3rd day of May, 1991 by and between &:
(1) ENTERPRISES HOJAEC SA, a company organized and existing & under the laws of France and having its registered office& at 89 rue Albert Thomas, 75010 Paris and
(2) Mark Gilbert Handerson, an individual with nationality of the United States of America (Passport No.12345678), residing at 2199 Palm Street, Pleasant Hill, California 94509, USA.
本股份收购契约订立于公元一九九一年五月三日,双方当事人为:
(1) 依法国法律组织设立的ENTERPRISES HOJAEC SA公司, 注册所在地为48 rue Albert Thomas, 75010 Paris,与
(2) 美国籍的Mark Gilbert Handerson (护照号码12345678 ),居住于2199 Palm Street, Pleasant Hill, California 94509, USA.
& by and between
要表示合约是由哪些当事人所订定,英文中通常会说 "This Agreement is made by and between……",用"by"来表示合约「被谁订定」,"between"来表示「谁与谁之间的合意」。如果当事人不只两个,也可以用"by and among"来代替。
& organized and existing
合约开场白里要说明当事人的国籍,在自然人的情况下可以用 "a national of ……"或"an individual with the nationality of ……"来表示,如果是法人组织多半使用"organized and existing under the laws of ……"这样的字眼,其中"organized"也可以用"incorporated"来代替。
& registered office
"registered office"是指一个公司的注册所在地,它和"principal office" ,即主营业所并不一定位于同一个地方。举例来说,现在台湾很多本土企业基于税务与方便性的考量,流行在海外几个特定的地方,例如英属维京群岛(British Virgin Islands; 简称"BVI")成立所谓的纸上公司("paper company"),此时这个公司必须在BVI当地设有一个registered office,但是公司的principal office则可能不在BVI,而位于台湾本土,因为公司一切的业务经营实际上都在台湾进行。
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文章的结尾没有固定的模式,同学们可以根据表达主题的需要灵活创造。一般情况下,记叙文和说明文经常采用自然结尾的方法;但夹叙夹议和发表观点类的文章则往往有结束语,以使文章首尾呼应,结构完整。文章结尾的形式也因文章类别和开头的风格而灵活多变。下面是读文网小编整理的一些英语结尾写作常用的英文谚语,欢迎大家阅读!
1.A bad beginning makes a bad ending.
恶其始者必恶其终。
2.A bad bush is better than the open field.
有胜于无。
3.A bad compromise is better than a good lawsuit.
吃亏的和解也比胜诉强。
4.A bad conscience is a snake in one's heart.
做贼心虚。
5.A bad custom is like a good cake, better broken than kept.
坏习惯像鲜馅饼,分食要比保存好。
6.A bad padlock invites a picklock.
开门揖盗。
8.A bad thing never dies.
坏事传千年。
9.A bad workman quarrels with his tools.
拙匠常怨工具差(人笨怨刀钝)。
10.A bargain is a bargain.
达成的协议不可撕毁。
11.A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。
12.A beggar's purse is bottomless.
乞丐的钱袋是无底洞。
13.A bird is known by its note, and a man by his talk.
闻其歌知其鸟,听其言知其人。
14.A bird may be known by its song.
什么鸟唱什么歌。
15.A bit in the morning is better than nothing all day.
略有胜于全无。
16.A blind man who leans against a wall imagines that it's the boundary of the world.
坐井观天。
17.A blind man will not thank you for a looking-glass.
秋波送盲,白费痴情。
18.A book is the same today as it always was and it will never change.
一本好书今天如此,将来也如此,永不改变。
19.A book that remains shut is but a block.
有书闭卷不阅读,无异是一块木头。
20.A borrowed cloak does not keep one warm.
借来的斗篷不暖身。
21.Absence sharpens love, presence strengthens it.
相聚爱益切,离别情更深。
22.A burden of one's choice is not felt.
自己选的担子不嫌重。
23.A burnt child dreads the fire.
一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井绳。
24.A candle lights others and consumes itself.
蜡烛焚自身,光亮照别人。
25.A cat may look at a king.
猫也有权晋见国王。
26.A cat has nine lives.
猫有九条命。
27.Accidents will happen.
天有不测风云。
28.A chain is no stronger than its weakest link.
链条的坚固程度取决于它最薄弱的环节。
29.A change of work is as good as a rest.
调换一下工作是很好的休息。
30.A cheerful wife is the joy of life.
快乐的妻子是生活的乐事。
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月亮是环绕地球运行的一颗固态卫星,也是离地球最近的天体。那么你知道月亮的英文是什么吗?下面读文网小编为大家带来月亮的英文表达和相关例句,希望对你有所帮助。
1. In Norse mythology the moon is personified as male.
在斯堪的纳维亚神话里,月亮被赋予了男性身份。
2. The half moon is hidden behind some wispy clouds.
半轮月亮躲在淡淡的云彩之后。
3. Look at that moon. Is that beautiful or what?
看看那月亮,它真漂亮,不是吗?
4. The moon was casting a rainbow through the spray from the waterfall.
月亮在瀑布溅起的水雾上照出了一道彩虹。
5. The moon was waning, and each day it rose later.
月亮渐亏,每天出现的时间也越来越晚。
6. The moon shone, shedding a ghostly light on the fields.
月亮闪耀,田野上洒下幽幽的亮光。
7. The moon disappeared behind a cloud.
月亮消失在云后。
8. The moon was rising in the inky sky.
月亮升起在墨似的夜空中。
9. There will be no moon.
月亮不会出来了。
10. A dog suddenly howled, baying at the moon.
一只狗突然对着月亮狂吠不止。
11. The silvery globe of the moon hung in the sky.
银盘似的月亮悬挂在空中.
12. The moon finally peeped out from behind the clouds.
月亮终于从云层后面露了出来.
13. The sky was dark blue and clear when the moon came up.
月亮出来时,天空是深蓝色的,非常晴朗.
14. He looked at the moon and made the time to be midnight.
他看了看月亮,估计时间是半夜了.
15. The fog cleared away and the full moon appeared.
雾消散了,整个月亮出现了.
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