为您找到与英国散文家培根相关的共141个结果:
英国,全称大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国(The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland),本土位于欧洲大陆西北面的不列颠群岛,被北海、英吉利海峡、凯尔特海、爱尔兰海和大西洋包围。那么,你知道英国的英语怎么说吗?
英国气候温和。
Britain has a temperate climate.
英国最重要的法官是大法官。
The most important judge in Britain is the Lord Chancellor.
英国用英语怎么写
英国一直有一支强大的海军,称为皇家海军。
Britain has always had a large navy, called the Royal Navy.
查理一世统治英国11年。
Charles ruled England for 11 years.
因为有英国是一个岛国,英国有一个暖的冬天和冷的夏天。
England has a mild winter and a coll summer because it is an island country.
法国和英国争夺北美的竞赛,结果英国胜利。
The blackbirds contested with one another for nesting territory.
英国广播公司正在报道英国核工业概况。
The bbc is work on a profile of the british nuclear industry.
阿伯丁是英国油气工业的中心,还是英国唯一一个因油价过高而值得庆祝的地方。
But that does not mean that revving up output is a bad idea.
在许多方面,这种平静完全符合时宜。2006年,中国GDP排名一举超越一度占据统治地位的英国时,没有多少英国人因此而失眠。
In many ways this tranquillity is entirely appropriate.
他有一部分教育是在英国接受的。
He received part of his education in England.
英国诗歌是他们的伟大遗产之一。
English poetry is one of their great heritages.
老师给我们讲了他在英国的经历。
The teacher told us his experiences in England.
在英国,虐待动物要受严厉惩罚。
Cruelty to animals is severely punished in England.
在英国度过的一年确实对她有益处。
She has certainly profited from spending a year in England.
工业革命改变了英国社会的整体结构。
The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society.
有些美国单词在英国英语中没有对应词。
Some American words have no British equivalents.
我有一只英国牛头犬。
I have an English Bulldog.
我们都是美国和英国的受害者。
We are all victims of America and Britain.
而在我们英国,也有同样的问题。
But we have the same problem in UK.
英国和法国各有一杯入账。
England and France have each won once.
她杂那个国家水土不服,所以回到了英国.
The country not agreeing with her, she returned to England.
我们来自英国。
We come from England.
在英国则不同。
Not so in Britain.
它是一辆美国的车还是一辆英国的车?
Is it an American car or an English car?
今天,所有的英国公司,有一半至少在他们的一些职工上采用PRP方案。
Today, half of all British companies have PRP schemes for at least some of theirworkforce.
为什么所有的追魂使者都有英国口音?
Why do all the hell spawn have British accents?
对那些在英国处于社会底层的人来说这意味着什么呢?
What does that mean for those at the very bottom in the UK?
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假如一个人的想法中满是仁爱,顺应天意,走在真理的前沿,即便生活在人间,也不逊于天堂。
下面是读文网小编为大家带来英语经典美文:培根论真理,希望大家喜欢!
Truth,which only doth judge itself,teacheth that the inquiry of truth,which is the love-making or wooing of it, the knowledge of truth, which is the presence of it, and the belief of truth,which is the enjoying of it, is the sovereigngood of human nature. The first creature of God,in the works of the days,was the light of the sense;the last was the light of reason;and his sabbath work ever since is the illumination of his Spirit. First he breathed light upon the face of the matter or chaos;then he breathed light into the face of man;and still he breatheth and inspireth light into the face of his chosen. The poet that beautified the sect mat was otherwise inferior to the rest saith yet excellently well:It is a pleasure to stand upon the shore and to see ships tossed upon the sea; a pleasure to stand in the window of a castle and to see a battle and the adventures thereof below; but no pleasure is comparable to the standing upon thevantage ground of truth (a hill not to be commanded,and where the air is always clear and serene),and to see the errors and wanderings and mists and tempests in the vale below; so always that this prospect be with pity, and not with swelling or pride.Certainly, it is heaven upon earth to have a man's mind move in charity, rest in providence, and turn upon the poles of truth.
真理只能自我判别,教导人们追寻真理,即对真理的追求;对真理的认知,对真理的信仰,也意味着对真理的享受。这三个要素组成了人性中无比高尚的美德。感性之光是上帝创造世界时创造的第一件东西,最后创造的才是理性之光。上帝精神的再现则是安息日。起初,上帝将光明赋予混乱的物质世界,然后用光明悄然地点亮人类的心灵世界;现在他依然把圣光赐予其所思选的臣民。有一派哲学在其他方面没有什么实际作用,可其中有一位诗人说了一句经典名言:依在海岸边,注视着在大海中飘荡的船帆,是一件快乐的事情;靠在城堡垛口,注视激战中的战场,也是一件快乐的事;但没有什么能赶得上站在真理的前沿(那是一座谁也无法侵占的山岭,那里空气清爽,万籁寂静),观察山谷中的错误、迷茫、薄雾与风暴,那更是叫人欢欣雀跃。并且这种期望的态度是同情,而非自满或自大。的确,假如一个人的想法中满是仁爱,顺应天意,走在真理的前沿,即便生活在人间,也不逊于天堂。
To pass from theological and philosophical truth to the truth of civil business: it will be acknowledged even by those that practice it not that clear and round dealing is the honor of man's nature; and that mixture of falsehood is like alloy in coin of gold and silver,which may make the metal work the better, but it embaseth it. For these winding and crooked courses are the goings of the serpent, which goeth basely upon the belly, and not upon the feet. There is no vice that doth so cover a man with shame as to be found false and perfidious. And therefore Montaigne said prettily, when he inquired the reason why the word of the lie should be such a disgrace and such an odious charge. Saith he,If it be well weighed, to say that a man lieth is as much to say as that he is brave toward God and a coward toward men. For he faces God,and shrinks from man. Surely the wickedness of falsehood and breach of faith cannot possibly be so highly expressed as in that it shall be the last peal to call the judgments of God upon the generations of men;it being foretold that when Christ cometh,he shall not find faith upon the earth.
前面讲了神学与哲学意义上的真理,现在来讨论一下日常生活中的真理。品格恶劣,精于世故的人,也被迫接受光明正大—人类的一种崇高品德。虚伪如同用金银合金制成硬币,即便可以增大金属的硬度,却贬低了其内在的真正价值。虚伪与欺诈如同弯曲的小路,唯有走路时依靠肚腹而不是双脚的毒蛇,才选择这条道路。假如一个说谎话、背信弃义的人露出了破绽,由此带来的羞耻感是没有办法掩盖的。因此,蒙田在议论“谎言”一词为何如此让人厌恶时,说过这样一句至理名言:“我们不如这样想,一个人说自己在上帝面前肆意妄为,而在凡人面前却很懦弱,这同说谎没有什么区别。”因为谎言可以面对上帝,却不敢面对凡人。当然,在描述虚伪与背信弃义的危害性时,恳求上帝对世世代代的人类进行裁决,他们无疑是最后的警钟。人们预示:耶稣灵魂来到世上后,他在地球上不会找到丝毫信仰。
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弗朗西斯·培根是英国文艺复兴时期最重要的散文家、哲学家。他不但在文学、哲学上多有建树,在自然科学领域里,也取得了重大成就。他的第一部重要著作《随笔》最初发表于1597年,以后又逐年增补。该书文笔言简意赅、智睿夺目,它包含许多洞察秋毫的经验之谈,其中不仅论及政治而且还探讨许多人生哲理。下面读文网小编为大家带来培根经典哲理散文阅读,希望大家喜欢!
It is a miserable state of mind, to have few things to desire, and many things to fear: and yet that commonly is the case of kings; who being at the highest, want matter of desire, which makes their minds more languishing; and have many representations of perils and shadows, which makes their minds the less clear.
所欲者甚少而所畏者甚多,这种心理是一种痛苦可怜的心理;然而为帝王者其情形多是如此。他们因为尊贵已极,所以没有什么可希冀的,这就使得他们底精神萎靡不振;同时他们又有许多关于危难暗祸的想象,这又使他们底心智不宁了
And this is one reason also of that effect, which the scripture speaketh of; that the king's heart is inscrutable. For multitude of jealousies, and lack of some predominant desire, that should marshal and put in order all the rest, maketh any man's heart hard to find, or sound. Hence it comes likewise, that princes, many times, make themselves desires, and set their hearts upon toys: sometimes upon a building; sometimes upon erecting of an order, sometimes upon the advancing of a person; sometimes upon obtaining excellency in some art, or feat of the hand; as Nero for playing on the harp, Domitian for certainty of the hand with the arrow, Commodus for playing at fence, Caracalla for driving chariots, and the like. This seemeth incredible unto those that know not the principle; that the mind of man is more cheered, and refreshed, by profiting in small things, than by standing at a stay in great We see also that kings, that have been fortunate conquerors in their first years; it being not possible for them to go forward infinitely, but that they must have some check or arrest in their fortunes; turn in their latter years to be superstitious and melancholy: as did Alexander the Great;Dioclesian; and in our memory, Charles the Fifth; and others: for he that is used go forward, and findeth a stop, falleth out of his own favour, and is not the thing he was.
这也就是《圣经》中所谓“君心难测”的那种情形底原因之一。因为畏忌多端而没有一宗主要的欲望可以指挥并约束其余的欲望,这种心理会使得任何人底心都是难以测度也。因此有许多君王常为自己造欲望,并专心于细事;这些细事有时是一座建筑,有时是建立一个教宗,有时是擢升一人,有时是要专精一艺或一技,如尼罗之于琴,道密先之于射,可谟达斯之于剑,卡剌卡拉之于御,以及类此者皆是也。这对于那些不知道下列的原理的人好象是不可思议的,那原理就是人底心理乐于在小事上得益,而不乐于在大事上滞留。我们也常见那些在早年曾为幸运的胜利者的帝王,因为他们不能永远进取,而在幸运中不得不受限制的原故,在晚年变为迷信而且寡欢;例如亚历山大大帝,代奥克里贤;还有我们都记得的查理第五,以及其他的君王之所为是也。因为那一向惯于进取的人,在后来碰了钉子的时节,不免要自轻自贱,非复故我的。
To speak now of the true temper of empire: it is a thing rare, and hard to keep: for both temper and distemper consist of contraries. But it is one thing to mingle contraries, another to interchange them. The answer of Apollonius to Vespasian is full of excellent instruction;
现在且说王权底真气质;那是很不容易保持的;因为真的气质和失调的气质二者都是由矛盾冲突之物所成者也。然而搀和相反的事物为一事,交换相反的事物又为一事。阿波郎尼亚斯答外斯帕显的话是满含最好的教训的。
Vespasian asked him; What was Nero's overthrow? He answered;Nero could touch and tune the harp well; but in government, sometimes he used to wind the pins too high, sometimes to let them down too low. And certain it is, that nothing destroyeth authority so much, as the unequal and untimely interchange of power pressed too far, and relaxed too much.
外斯帕显问他:“招致尼罗底颠覆者是什么”?他答道:“尼罗善于调弦弄琴;可是在政治上,他把轴栓有时拧得太紧,有时放得太松了”。无疑地,忽然大施威迫,忽然过度松弛,这种不平衡不合时的政策之变换,再没有比它更能破坏威权的了。
This is true; that the wisdom of all these latter times in princes' affairs, is rather fine deliveries, and shiftings of dangers and mischiefs, when they are near, than solid and grounded courses to keep them aloof. But this is but to try masteries with fortune: and let men beware, how they neglect, and suffer matter of trouble to be prepared: for no man can forbid the spark, nor tell whence it may come.
近代的讲人君之事者,其智多在巧避与转移临近的危难,而不在坚固合理的,使人君超然危难之上的常轨,这是真的。但是这种办法简直是与幸运之神争短长了。人们也应当小心,不可忽视或容忍变乱底资料之渐积,因为没有人能防止那星星之火,也没有人能够看出这火星子将从何方来也。
The difficulties in princes' business are many and great; but the greatest difficulty, is often in their own mind. For it is common with princes (saith Tacitus) to will contradictories. Sunt plerumque.'region voluntates vehementes et inter se contrariae. For it is the solecism of power, to think to command the end, and yet not to endure the mean.
人君事业中的艰难是多而且大的;然而其最大的艰难却常是在他们自己心里的。因为(如泰西塔斯所说)作帝王的人而有矛盾的欲望乃是常事也:“君王们底欲望多是强烈而又自相矛盾的”。盖权势底自然弱点就是想要达到某种目的而却不肯忍受那必需的手段也。
Kings have to deal with their neighbours; their wives; their children; their prelates or clergy; their nobles; their second-nobles or gentlemen; their merchants; their commons; and their men of war, and from all these arise dangers, if care and circumspection be not used.
为帝王者必须应付其邻国,后妃,子女,高级僧侣或教士,贵族,第二流的贵族或绅士,商人,平民,兵士;从所有的这些方面都可以兴起危难,假如他不小心谨慎的话。
First for their neighbours; there can no general rule be given (the occasions are so variable), save one; which ever holdeth; which is, that princes do keep due sentinel, that none of their neighbours do overgrow so (by increase of territory, by embracing of trade, by approaches, or the like), as they become more able to annoy them, than they were. And this is, generally, the work of standing councils to foresee, and to hinder it During that triumvirate of kings. King Henry Vffl of England, Francis I, King of France, and Charles V, Emperor, there was such a watch kept, that none of the three could win a palm of ground, but the other two would straightways balance it, either by confederation, or, if need were, by a war: and would not, in any wise, take up peace at interest And the like was done by that league (which, Guicciardine saith, was the security of Italy) made between Ferdinando King of Naples; Lorenzius Medices, and Ludovicus Sforza, potentates, the one of Florence, the other of Milan.
先说他们底邻国。关于这点除了一条永远可靠的定理外别无普遍的定理可说,因为情势是十分易于变化的。那一条永远可靠的定理就是为人君者应当监视不懈,毋使任何邻国(或以领土之扩张,或由商业之吸引,或用外交的手腕,以及类此的种种)强大到比以先更能为患于本国的程度。要预料并防止这种情形是政府中某项永久机关底工作。在从前三大君主——就是英王亨利第八,法王法兰西斯第一,皇帝查理第五——为欧洲领袖的时候,他们三位之中谁不能得尺寸之土,若果有一位得着了尺寸之土,其余的两位立刻就要把那种情形纠正过来,其方法或以联盟,或以战争(如果必要的话),并且无论如何决不贪一时之利而与之讲和,其互相监视之严有如此者。又奈波尔斯王飞迭南,劳伦斯·麦地奇与卢道维喀斯·斯福尔察(二人都是霸君,一个是佛罗伦斯底,一个是米兰底)之间的那个联盟(即贵恰底尼所谓意大利之保障者)其所为亦与此相同。
Neither is the opinion of some of the schoolmen to be received; that a war cannot justly be made, but upon a precedent injury, or provocation. For there is no question, but a just fear of an imminent danger, though there be no blow given, is a lawful cause of a war.
还有经院学派中某种学者底意见,以为无已成的伤害或挑衅的原因而作战,不能算是堂堂正正之师,这种意见是要不得的。因为敌人虽尚未给我们以打击,但是我们有充分的理由恐惧临近的祸患,这也算是战争底正当原因,这是没有问题的。
For their wives; there are cruel examples of them. Livia is enfamed for the poisoning of her husband: Roxolana, Solyman's wife, was the destruction of that renowned prince. Sultan Mustapha; and otherwise troubled his house, and succession: Edward the Second of England his queen had the principal hand, in the deposing and murder of her husband.
至于后妃,她们之中是有残酷的例子的。里维亚因为毒害丈夫而著恶名;罗克撒拉那,梭利满底王后,就是杀害那位出名的王子苏丹穆斯塔发的人,并且在别的方面也曾搅乱其家庭及嗣续;英王爱德华第二底王后在废除并杀害她底丈夫之举中是主要人物。
This kind of danger is then to be feared, chiefly, when the wives have plots for the raising of their own children; or else that they be adulteresses.
因此,最当防范这种危险的时候,就是当那为后妃者为了要扶立自己底所生而有阴谋的时候,否则就是当她们有外遇的时候。
For their children: the tragedies, likewise, of dangers from them, have been many.
至于子嗣,同样地,由他们而来的危难其所致的不幸也是很多的。
And generally, the entering of fathers into suspicion of their children, hath been ever unfortunate. The destruction of Mustapha (that we named before) was so fatal to Solyman's line, as the succession of the Turks, from Solyman, until this day, is suspected to be untrue, and of strange blood; for mat Selymus the Second was thought to be supposititious. The destruction of Crispus, a young prince of rare towardness, by Constantinus the Great, his father, was in like manner fatal to his house; for both Constantinus, and Constance, his sons, died violent deaths; and Constantius, his other son, did little better; who died, indeed, of sickness, but after that Julianus had taken arms against him. The destruction of Demetrius, son to Philip the Second, of Macedonia, turned upon the father, who died of repentance. And many like examples there are: but few, or none, where the fathers had good by such distrust; except it were, where me sons were up in open arms against them; as was Selymus the First against Baiazet: and the three sons of Henry the Second, King of England.
一般地说来,父亲对儿子生疑忌之心者总是不幸的。穆斯塔发之死(上面已经说到的)对梭利满王室是一种致命伤,因为土耳其王室自梭利满以至今日的王位继承都有不正之嫌疑,恐是外来的血统;因为塞利马斯第二被人认为是私生子也。克瑞斯帕斯(一位非常温顺的青年王子)之见杀于康士坦丁努斯大帝,也同样地是他那个王室底致命伤;因为康士坦丁努斯底两个儿子,康士坦丁努斯和康士坦斯,都死于非命;他底另外的一个儿子,康士坦洽斯,结局也不见佳;他虽然确是病死的,但是他也是在玖利安努斯起兵之后死的。马其顿王腓力普第二底王子德米垂亚斯之死报在他父亲身上,因为他是悔恨而死的。类此的例子很多,但是为父亲的因这种猜疑之心而得到益处的例子却是很少或没有;唯有在做儿子的公然举兵反叛的时候,那可算是例外,如塞利马斯第一之征巴亚塞提,和英王亨利第二之三子是也。
For their prelates; when they are proud and great, there is also danger from them: as it was, in the times of Anselmus, and Thomas Becket, Archbishops of Canterbury; who with their croziers, did almost try it, with the king's sword; and yet they had to deal with stout and haughty kings; William Rufus, Henry the First, and Henry the Second. The danger is not from that state, but where it hath a dependence of foreign authority; or where the churchmen come in, and are elected, not by the collation of the king, or particular patrons, but by the people.
至于高级僧侣,在他们骄纵有势的时候,也可以由他们发生危险的,如安塞尔马斯和坎特白雷大主教汤玛斯·拜开提底时代尤是也。这两个人几乎以他们底圭杖与帝王底刀剑相争,而奇者,他们所与之抗衡者竟是坚强骄傲的君主,即威廉·鲁夫斯,亨利第一与亨利第二是也。这种危险并非来自僧侣阶级底本身,而是当他们倚仗国外的势力的时候才有的,或者在僧侣们进来及被选的时候,不受职于君主或任何个人而是由民众选出的,在这种时候,才有危险的。
For their nobles; to keep them at a distance, it is not amiss; but to depress them, may make a king more absolute, but less safe; and less able to perform anything that he desires. I have noted it, in my history of King Henry the Seventh of England, who depressed his nobility; whereupon, it came to pass that his times were full of difficulties, and troubles; for the nobility, though they continued loyal unto him, yet did they not cooperate with him in his business. So that in effect, he was fain to do all things, himself.
至于贵族,对他们稍为疏远也不为过;可是压抑他们,也许可以使为帝王者君权更专,但是不甚安全,并且不容易把他心中所欲的事做到。在拙著《英王亨利第七本纪》中常见及此点,即亨利第七是压抑贵族的,因此他底时代乃是充满着艰难与祸乱的;因为那些贵族,虽然仍旧忠于亨利,然而却没有在他底事业上与他合作。因此他就不得不自己来办一切的事了。
For their second nobles; there is not much danger from them, being a body dispersed. They may sometimes discourse high, but that doth little hurt: besides, they are a counterpoise to the higher nobility, that they grow not too potent: and lastly, being the most immediate in authority, with the common people, they do best temper popular commotions.
至于那第二流的贵族,他们是没有什么危险性的,因为他们是一个散漫的团体。他们有时候也许放言高论,但是那是没有什么大害的;并且,他们是高级贵族底一种平衡力,使之不能增长得过于强大的;最后,他们因为是最与一般人民接近的掌权者,所以他们也是最能缓和民乱的。
For their merchants; they are venaporta; and if they flourish not, a kingdom may have good limbs, but will have empty veins, and nourish lime. Taxes, and imposts upon them, do seldom good to the king's revenue; for that that he wins in the hundred, he loseth in the shire; the particular rates being increased, but the total bulk of trading rather decreased.
至于商人,他们可算是“门静脉”;要是他们不繁荣,那末一个国家也许有好的四肢,但是其血管将是空的,其营养将甚为贫乏。加之于他们的赋税很少能于人君底收入有益的,因为他在小处得来的在大处失去了,那就是各项税率固然增加,而商业底总额则减削也。
For their commons; there is little danger from them, except it be, where they have great and potent heads; or where you meddle with the point of religion; or their customs, or means of life.
至于平民,除非他们有伟大,多能的领袖,或者你对于宗教问题,或他们底风俗,或他们底生计加以干涉的时候,他们是没有什么危险性的。
For their men of war, it is a dangerous state, where they live and remain in a body, and are used to donatives; whereof we see examples in the Janissaries, and Pretorian bands of Rome: but trainings of men, and arming them in several places, and under several commanders, and without donatives, are things of defence, and no danger.
至于军人,当他们在一起过着团体生活,并且习于赏赐的时候,他们是一个危险阶级。如此的例子我们可于土耳其之亲卫兵与罗马之护卫军见之;但是训练一部分人,并分级予以武装,由好几个将帅统领,并且不加赏赐,则是自卫的举措而不含危险也。
Princes are like to heavenly bodies, which cause good or evil times;and which have much veneration, but no rest All precepts concerming kings, are in effect comprehended in those two remembrances: memento quod es homo', and memento quod es deus, or vice da', the one bridleth their power, and the other their will.
为人君者有如天上的星宿,能致福亦能致祸,受很多的尊敬但是没有休息。一切关于帝王的箴言,实际是包含在这两句铭语里的;“记住你是个人”和“记住你是个神或者神底代表”。头一句话约束他们底权力,后一句话控制他们底意志。
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弗朗西斯·培根是英国文艺复兴时期最重要的散文家、哲学家。他不但在文学、哲学上多有建树,在自然科学领域里,也取得了重大成就。他的第一部重要著作《随笔》最初发表于1597年,以后又逐年增补。该书文笔言简意赅、智睿夺目,它包含许多洞察秋毫的经验之谈,其中不仅论及政治而且还探讨许多人生哲理。下面读文网小编为大家带来培根哲理散文双语阅读,希望大家喜欢!
There is a wisdom in this, beyond the rules of physic: a man's own observation, what he finds good of, and what he finds hurt of, is the best physic to preserve health.
养生有道,非医学底规律所能尽。一个人自己底观察,他对于何者有益何者有害于自己的知识,乃是最好的保健药品。
But it is a safer conclusion to say; this agreeth not well with me, therefore I will not continue it; than this; I fmd no offence of this, therefore I may use it. For strength of nature in youth passeth over many excesses, which are owing a man till his age. Discern of the coming on of years, and think not, to do the same things still; for age will not be defied. Beware of sudden change in any great point of diet, and if necessity enforce it, fit the rest to it. For it is a secret, both in nature, and state; that it is safer to change many things, than one. Examine thy customs, of diet, sleep, exercise, apparel, and the like; and try in anything thou shall judge hurtful, to discontinue it by little and little; but so, as if thou doest fmd any inconvenience by the change, thou come back to it again: for it is hard to distinguish, that which is generally held good, and wholesome, from that, which is good particularly, and fit for thine own body.
但是在下断语的时候,如果说:“这个与我底身体不合,因此我要戒它”,比说:“这个好象于我没有什么害处,因此我要用它”较为安全得多。因为少壮时代底天赋的强力可以忍受许多纵欲的行为,而这些行为是等于记在账上,到了老年的时候,是要还的。留心你底年岁底增加,不要永远想做同一的事情,因为年岁是不受蔑视的。在饮食底重要部分上不可骤然变更,如果不得已而变更的话,则别的部分也须要变更,以便配合得宜。因为在自然的事体和国家的事务上都有一种秘诀,就是变一事不如变多事的安全。把你平日饮食、睡眠、运动、衣服、等等的习惯自省一下,并且把其中你认为有害的习惯试行逐渐戒绝,但是其办法应当这样,如果你由这种变更而感觉不适的时候,就应当回到原来的习惯去;因为把一般认为有益卫生的习惯和于个人有益,于你自己底身体适合的习惯分别起来是不容易的。
To be free minded, and cheerfully disposed, at hours of meat, and of sleep, and of exercise, is one of the best precepts of long lasting. As for the passions and studies of the mind; avoid envy; anxious fears; anger fretting inwards; subtle and knotty inquisitions; joys, and exhilarations in excess; sadness not communicated. Entertain hopes; mirth rather than joy; variety of delights, rather than surfeit of them; wonder, and admiration, and therefore novelties; studies that fill the mind with splendid and illustrious objects, as histories, fables, and contemplations of nature. If you fly physic in health altogether, it will be too strange for your body, when you shall need it If you make it too familiar, it will work no extraordinary effect, when sickness cometh. I commend rather some diet, for certain seasons, than frequent use of physic, except it be grown into a custom.
在吃饭、睡觉、运动的时候,心中坦然,精神愉快,乃是长寿底最好秘诀之一。至于心中的情感及思想,则应避嫉妒,焦虑,压在心里的怒气,奥秘难解的研究,过度的欢乐,暗藏的悲哀。应当长存着的是希望,愉快,而非狂欢;变换不同的乐事,而非过餍的乐事;好奇与仰慕,以保有新鲜的情趣;以光辉灿烂的事物充满人心的学问,如历史、寓言、自然研究皆是也。如果你在健康的时候完全摒弃医药,则到了你需要它的时候将感觉医药对于你底身体过于生疏不惯。如果你平日过于惯用医药,则疾病来时,医药将不生奇效。窃以为与其常服药饵,不如按季节变更食物,除非服药已经成了一种习惯
For those diets alter the body more, and trouble it less. Despise no new accident in your body, but ask opinion of it In sickness, respect health principally; and in health, action.
因为那些不同的食物是可以变更体气而不扰乱它的。对于身体上任何新的症候都不可小视,须要向人求教。
For those that put their bodies to endure in health, may in most sickness, which are not very sharp, be cured only with diet, and tendering. Celsus could never have spoken it as a physician, had he not been a wise man withal, when he giveth it, for one of the great precepts of health and lasting, that a man do vary, and interchange contraries; but with an inclination to the more benign extreme: use fasting, and full eating, but rather full eating; watching and sleep, but rather sleep;sitting, and exercise, but rather exercise; and the like.
在病中,主要的是注意健康;在健康的时候,主要的是注意活动。因为那平日使自己底身体习于劳动的人在大多数不很厉害的疾病中只要节饮食,多调养,就可以好了。塞尔撒斯教人养生长寿之道,最要的一端就是一个人应当把各种相反的习惯都变换着练习练习,但是在轻重之间却应当稍重那有益于人的一端;禁食与饱食都应当练习,但是宁可稍重饱食;警醒与睡眠都应当练习,但是宁可偏尚睡眼;安坐与运动都应当练习,但是宁可着重运动;诸如此类
So shall nature be cherished, and yet taught masteries. Physicians are some of them so pleasing, and conformable to the humour of the patient, as they press not the true cure of the disease; and some other are so regular, in proceeding according to art, for the disease, as they respect not sufficiently the condition of the patient Take one of a middle temper, or if it may not be found in one man, combine two of either sort: and forget not to call, as well the best acquainted with your body, as the best reputed of for his faculty.
塞尔撒斯要不是一位医生而兼哲人的话,专以医生底身分他是永不会说出这种话来的。如他所说的办法,将使天生的体质既可以得滋养又可以增力量也。医生之中有些是对于病人底脾气很纵容迁就的,以致不能迅收治疗之效;又有些人则是照治病底学理行事,十分谨严,以致对于病者底实情不充分注重。选择医生的时候顶好请一位性情适中的;或者,如果一个人没有这样的性情的时候,则在两种人里各取其一而调和之。又在请医生的时候,固然要请那出名的好医生,也不可忘了请那个最熟悉你底体格的医生也。
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弗朗西斯·培根是英国文艺复兴时期最重要的散文家、哲学家。他不但在文学、哲学上多有建树,在自然科学领域里,也取得了重大成就。他的第一部重要著作《随笔》最初发表于1597年,以后又逐年增补。该书文笔言简意赅、智睿夺目,它包含许多洞察秋毫的经验之谈,其中不仅论及政治而且还探讨许多人生哲理。下面读文网小编为大家带来培根散文随笔双语阅读,希望大家喜欢!
Men's thoughts are much according to their inclination: their discourse and speeches according to their learning, and infused opinions; but their deeds are after as they have been accustomed. And therefore, as Machiavelli well noteth (though in an evil favoured instance) there is no trusting to the force of nature, nor to the bravery of words; except it be corroborate by custom. His instance is, that for the achieving of a desperate conspiracy, a man should not rest upon the fierceness of any man's nature, or his resolute undertakings; but take Such an one, as hath had his hands formerly in blood. But Machiavelli knew not of a Friar Clement, nor a Ravillac, nor a Jaureguy, nor a Baltazar Gerard: yet his rule holdeth still, that nature, nor the engagement of words, are not so forcible as custom. Only superstition is now so well advanced, that men of the first blood are as firm as butchers by occupation: and votary resolution is made equipollent to custom, even in matter of blood. In other things, the predominancy of custom is everywhere visible; in so much, as a man would wonder, to hear men profess, protest, engage, give great words, and then do just as they have done before: as if they were dead images, and engines moved only by the wheels of custom.
人们底思想多是依从着他们底愿望的,他们底谈论和言语多是依从着他们底学问和从外面得来的见解的;但是他们底行为却是随着他们平日的习惯的。所以马基亚委利说得很好(虽然他所论的事是很丑的),天性底力量和言语底动人,若无习惯底增援,都是不可靠的。他所论的事情是,为了完成一件极险恶的阴谋,一个人不可信任所用的某人之天性底凶猛或约言底坚决,而应当任用以前曾经亲自下过手,手上染过他人底血的人。但是马基亚委利不知道有一个乞僧克莱门,也不知道有一个哈委亚克,也不知道有一个约尔基,也不知道有一个巴尔塔萨尔·杰拉尔;然而他底定律依然是不移的,就是,天性与言语上的允诺要约都不如习惯有力。只有一件,就是现在迷信很盛,以致初次为迷信杀人的人简直是和业屠的人一样地不动心;盟誓底决意也被作成与习惯一样地强,甚至在流血的事件中亦是如此。在迷信以外的事情中习惯之凌驾一切是处处可见的;其势力之强,使得人们于自白、抗辩、允诺、夸张之后,依然一仍旧贯地作下去,好象他们是无生命的偶像,和由习惯底轮子来转动着的机械似的,这种情形真使人惊讶。
We see also the reign or tyranny of custom, what it is. The Indians (I mean the sect of their wise men) lay themselves quietly upon a stack of wood, and so sacrifice themselves by fire. Nay, the wives strive to be burned with the corpses of their husbands. The lads of Sparta, of ancient time, were wont to be scourged upon the altar of Diana, without so much as queening. I remember in the beginning of Queen Elizabeth's time of England, an Irish rebel condemned, put up a petition to the deputy, that he might be hanged in a with, and not in an halter, because it had been so used, with former rebels.
我们也可以见到习惯底统治或专制,可以看出它是怎么回事。印度人(我说的是他们底哲人中的一派)会自己静静地躺在一堆柴上,然后用火自焚以为牺牲。不但如此,那些做妻子的还要争着与丈夫底尸身一同烧死呢。在古时,斯巴达底青年们常乐于在狄亚那底祭坛上受笞刑,连一动也不动。我还记得在女王伊利萨白初年的英国,有一个被判死刑的爱尔兰叛党曾上呈总督,请求缢死他的时候用薪条而不用绞索,因为以前的叛党都是照例用薪条的。
There ON be monks in Russia, for penance, that will sit a whole night in a vessel of water, till they be engaged with hard ice. Many examples may be put of the force of custom, both upon mind, and body. Therefore, since custom is the principal magistrate of man's life, let men by all means endeavour to obtain good customs.
在俄罗斯有些僧人为赎罪起见,会在水盆里坐上一夜,直到他们被坚冰冻住了才算。习惯在人底精神和肉体两方面的力量,例子可以举出很多来。所以,既然习惯是人生底主宰,人们就应当努力求得好的习惯。
Certainly, custom is most perfect, when it beginneth in young years: this we call education; which is, in effect, but an early custom. So we see, in languages the tongue is more pliant to all expressions and sounds, the joints are more supple to all fears of activity and motions, in youth than afterwards. For it is true, that late learners cannot so well take the ply; except it be in some minds, that have not suffered themselves to fix, but have kept themselves open and prepared to receive continual amendment, which is exceeding rare.
习惯如果是在幼年就起始的,那就是最完美的习惯,这是一定的,这个我们叫做教育。教育其实是一种从早年就起始的习惯。所以我们常见,在言语上,幼年时代比幼年以后舌头较为柔活,能学一切的语法及声音,并且四肢关节也比较柔活,适于各种的竞技和运动。因为年长方学的人不能象从小就学起的人能屈伸如意,这是真的;除非在有些从未固定自己底心志,反而把心志开放着,并准备好了接受不断的改良的人们,那算是例外,但这种情形是非常之少的。
But if the force of custom simple and separate, be great: the force of custom copulate, and conjoined and collegiate, is far greater. For there example teacheth; company comforteth; emulation quickeneth; glory raiseth: so as in such places the force of custom is in his exaltation. Certainly, the great multiplication of virtues upon human nature resteth upon societies well ordained, and disciplined. For commonwealths, and good governments, do nourish virtue grown, but do not much mend the seeds. But the misery is, that the most effectual means are now applied to the ends least to be desired.
但是假如个人底单独的习惯其力量是很大的,那么共有的联合的习惯,其力量就更大得多了。因为在这种地方他人底例子可为我之教训,他人底陪伴可为我之援助,争胜之心使我受刺激,光荣使我得意,所以在这种地方习惯底力量可说是到了最高峰。天性中美德底繁殖是要仗着秩序井然,纪律良好的社会的;这是无疑的。因为国家与好政府只是滋养已长成的美德,而不甚帮助美德的种子的。可悲者,最有效的工具,目前是正用以求达到最要不得的目的呢。
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弗朗西斯·培根是英国文艺复兴时期最重要的散文家、哲学家。他不但在文学、哲学上多有建树,在自然科学领域里,也取得了重大成就。他的第一部重要著作《随笔》最初发表于1597年,以后又逐年增补。该书文笔言简意赅、智睿夺目,它包含许多洞察秋毫的经验之谈,其中不仅论及政治而且还探讨许多人生哲理。下面读文网小编为大家带来培根经典散文随笔阅读,希望大家喜欢!
Many have made witty invectives against usury. They say, that it is pity, the devil should have God's part, which is the tithe. That the usurer is me greatest Sabbath breaker, because his plough goeth every Sunday. That the userer is the drone, that Virgil speaketh of: ignavum fucos pecus a praesepibus arcent.
许多人都曾经说过巧妙的骂放债的话。他们说,人类应给上帝的贡献是每人底收入底十分之一,而现在这上帝应得的一部竟被魔鬼占了,真是一件可悲的事。又说,放债的人乃是最大的破坏安息日的人,因为他底犁耙是每个安息日都在工作的。又说放债的人就是委吉尔所说的雄蜂。
That the usurer breaketh the first law that was made for mankind, after the fall; which was, in sudore vultus tui comedes panem tuum; not, in sudore vultus aliem. That usurers should have orange-tawny bonnets, because they do Judaise. That it is against nature, for money to beget money; and the like. I say this only, that usury is a concessum propter duritiem cads', for since there must be borrowing and lending, and men are so hard of heart as they will not lend freely, usury must be permitted. Some others have made suspicious and cunning propositions of banks, discovery of men's estates, and other inventions. But few have spoken of usury usefully. It is good to set before us the incommodides, and commodities of usury; that the good may be either weighed out, or culled out; and warily to provide, that while we make forth to that which is better, we meet not with that which is worse.
他们把那些雄蜂(一群偷懒的东西)从蜂房中驱逐出去了。又说放债的人把人类自失乐园以后的第一条法律破坏了。这第一条法律就是“你将汗流满面然后得食”,而放债的人却是“借他人面上的汗而得食”的。又说放债的人应该戴姜黄色的帽子,因为他们是变了犹太人了。又说钱生钱是有悖天道的,诸如此类。我只有这句话可说,就是,放债是“因为人心太硬而始蒙上帝允许的一种事”。因为既然借与贷是免不了的,而且人底心肠是硬得不肯白借钱给人的,那么放债的事情便非准许不可了。又有些人也曾经关于银行及财产呈报和其他的办法作过多疑而巧妙的建议,但是很少有关于放债这件事说过有用的话的。把放债的利与害列举在我们眼前,以便我们酌量采择其利,并且小心办理,庶几我们在走向改良之途的时候不要遇见比现在更坏的事情,这是好的。
The discommodities of usury are: first, that it makes fewer merchants. For were it not for this lazy trade of usury, money would not lie still, but would, in great part, be employed upon merchandising; which is the vena porta of wealth in a state. The second, that it makes poor merchants. For as a fanner cannot husband his ground so well, if he sit at a great rent; so the merchant cannot drive his trade so well, if he sit at great usury. The third is incident to the other two; and that is, the decay of customs of kings or states, which ebb or flow with merchandising. The fourth, that it bringeth the treasure of a realm or state into a few hands. For the usurer being at certainties, and others at uncertainties, at the end of the game; most of the money will be in the box; and ever a state flourisheth, when wealth is more equally spread. The fifth, that it beats down the price of land: for the employment of money is chiefly, either merchandising, or purchasing; and usury waylays both. The sixth, that it dolh dull and damp all industries, improvements, and new inventions, wherein money would be stirring, if it were not for this slug. The last, that it is the cancer and ruin of many men's estates; which in process of time breeds a public poverty.
放债底害处:第一它使商人底数目减少。因为要是没有放债这种懒惰生意,金钱是不会静止不动的,反之,大部分的金钱将被用在商业上,而商业乃是国家底财富底“门静脉”。第二,放债使商人性质变劣。因为,一个农人,假如他住在一个租价很大的田地上他就不能够好好地经营他底地土;类此,假如一个商人不得不靠高利贷的话,他就不能好好地进行他底生意。第三件害处是附属于上述的两件害处的,就是帝王或国家底税收之减少,税收原是随着贸易涨落的。第四件害处是放债把一国底财富都聚在少数人之手。因为放债的人是拿得稳的,而别的生意人是不能拿得稳的,所以到这场戏快结束的时候大多数的钱都进了放债为生的人底箱子了。然而一个国家总是在财富分配得最为平均的时候最为兴盛的。第五件害处是放债之举把土地的价值打低了;因为金钱底用处,主要是在做生意或购置田产,而放债却把这两种事业都路劫了。第六件害处是,放债把一切的工业、改良、和新的发明都挫折,压抑了,因为假如没有放债这种事业阻挠的话,在上述的种种事业中自会有金钱活动的。最末的一件害处是,放债是蠹害许多人底财产的东西,而这种行为经过了相当时间之后是会引起一种共同的贫乏的。
On the other side, the commodities of usury are. First, that howsoever usury in some respect hindereth merchandising, yet in some other it advanceth it: for it is certain, that the greatest part of trade is driven by young merchants, upon borrowing at interest: so as if the usurer either call in, or keep back his money, there will ensue presently a great stand of trade. The second is, that were it not for this easy borrowing upon interest, men's necessities would draw upon them a most sudden undoing; in that they would be forced to sell their means (be it lands or goods) far under foot; and so, whereas duty doth but gnaw upon them, bad markets would swallow them quite up.
在另一方面,放债底益处是,第一,无论放债之举在某种情形是多么阻挠商业的,然而在别的方面它却是助长商业的;因为商业底最大部分是由年轻的商人靠着借有利息的债而经营的,这是无疑的。如果放债的人把他底钱收回或者不放出去,马上就会发生商业上的大停滞。第二件益处是,要没有这样容易的用利息借债的办法,人们底需要将使他们骤然陷于没落;因为他们将不得不被迫而卖掉他们赖以为生的资产(无论是田产或货物)而且卖得价值远不及这些资产底真正价值。所以,放债的行为固然是蠹蚀这些人,但是若没有放债的行为,则坏的市面将把他们整个吞噬了。
As for mortgaging, or pawning, it will lime mend the matter, for either men will not take pawns without use; or if they do, they will look precisely for the forfeiture. I remember a cruel moneyed man, in the country, that would say; the devil take this usury, it keeps us from forfeitures of mortgages and bonds. The third and last is; that it is a vanity to conceive that there would be ordinary borrowing without profit; and it is impossible to conceive the number ofinconveniencies that will ensue, if borrowing be cramped.
至于抵押或典当之举,那也是无补于事的:因为,不是人们不肯无利息地收受抵押和典当;就是,如果他们肯这样做,他们必定会眼睛专注在没收那些资产上面的。记得有一位乡下的狠心富翁,他常说,“鬼把这种放债的举动拿去才好,它使得我们不能够没收抵押的产业和证券”。第三而第末的益处是,设想能有不带利息的一般借贷乃是虚妄的;并且,如果借贷之事一受拘束,将发生的不便之处其数目之多是不能想象的。
Therefore, to speak of the abolishing of usury is idle. All states have ever had it, in one kind or rate, or other. So as that opinion must be sent to Utopia.
因此要废止放债业的话是空话。所有的国家都有过这种生意的,不过种类与利率的不同罢了。所以这种意见只好送到乌托邦里去了。
To speak now, of the reformation and reiglement of usury; how the discommodities of it may be best avoided, and the commodities retained. It appears by the balance of commodities and discommodities of usury, two things are to be reconciled. The one, that the tooth of usury be grinded, that it bite not too much: the other, that there be left open a means, to invite moneyed men to lend to the merchants, for the continuing and quickening of trade. This cannot be done, except you introduce two several sorts of usury; a less, and a greater. For if you reduce usury to one low rate, it will ease the common borrower, but the merchant will be to seek for money. And it is to be noted that the trade of merchandise, being the most lucrative, may bear usury at a good rate; other contracts not so.
现在且一谈改良并管理放债业之道;如何可以避免它底害处而保持它底益处。从放债业底利害相权看来,有两件事是应当调和的。一件是,放债业底牙齿应当磨得钝一点,使它不至于咬人咬得太厉害;另一件是,应当留一个门户,可以鼓励有钱的人放债给商家,以便商业能够继续并活动。这件事情除非你创立两种大小不同的放债,是办不到的。因为,假如你把放债业全减到一个低利率上去,这种办法对一般的借债者将要容易一点而商人将不容易找到钱了。并且我们也应当注意,商品交易的事业,因为获利最厚,所以能担负高利贷,而别的事业则不如此。
To serve both intentions, the way would be briefly thus. That there be two rates of usury, the one free, and general for all; the other under licence only, to certain persons, and in certain places of merchandising. First therefore, let usury, in general, be reduced to five in the hundred; and let that rate be proclaimed to be free and current; and let the state shut itself out, to take any penalty for the same.
要把上述的两种目的都达到,其方法略如下。要有两种利率;一种是自由而且公开的;另一种是受统治的,唯有某种人并且在某种商业地域才可以得到允许的。因此第一,应当使普通放债底利率减到百分之五;这种利率应当公布为自由的通行的利率;并且国家应当担承对于这种的利率不加以罪。
This will preserve borrowing from any general stop or dryness. This will ease infinite borrowers in the country. This will, in good part, raise the price of land, because land purchased at sixteen years purchase will yield six in the hundred, and somewhat more, whereas this rate of interest yields but five. This, by like reason, will encourage and edge industrious and profitable improvements; because many will rather venture in that kind, than take five in the hundred, especially having been used to greater profit Secondly, let there be certain persons licensed to lend, to known merchants, upon usury at a higher rate; and let it be with the cautions following.
这个办法可使借贷之举免于停止或枯竭,也可以便利国内无数的借款人。并且,这个办法,在大体上,将提高田地底价值,因为以十六年交清买款为期买来的地一年之中可以产生百分之六或稍高的利息,而这种放债底利率则只能产生百分之五的利息也。以同样的理由,这种办法也将鼓励并激刺工业和有益的改良,因为许多人将宁愿投资于这些事业而不愿收百分之五的利益,尤其是收惯了较高的利息的人更要如此。第二,应该让一部分人得到允许,可以用较高的利率放债给知名的商人;这种事并且还得有如下的预防。
Let the rate be, even with the merchant himself, somewhat more easy, than that he used formerly to pay: for, by that means, all borrowers shall have some ease by this reformation, be he merchant, or whosoever. Let it be no rank or common stock, but every man be master of his own money: not that I altogether mislike banks, but they will hardly be brooked, in regard of certain suspicions. Let me state be answered, some small matter, for the licence, and the rest left to the lender: for if the abatement be but small, it will no whit discourage the lender. For he, for example, that took before ten or nine in the hundred, will sooner descend to eight in the hundred, than give over his trade of usury, and go from certain gains, to gains of hazard.
这种利率,即在那些商人底方面,也应该比他从前惯付的利率较为轻一点;因为由这种方法,所有的借款人都可以得到一点便利,无论他是商人或是任何人。放债的人不可是银行或公司,而每个人都应当是他自己底钱底主人。这并不是我完全憎恶银行,而是因为他们为了某种嫌疑的原故是很难受一般人底信任的。国家为了所发的允许证应当使放债人负责缴纳一笔小捐税,其余的利益则应当归之于放债的人;因为假如这种捐税底数目很小的话,它是决不会使放债的人灰心的。举例来说,那原先收百分之十或百分之九的利息的人是宁可降到百分之八而不肯放弃他底放债事业,撇下拿得稳的利益跑去求冒险的利益的。
Let these licenced lenders be in number indefinite, but restrained to certain principal cities and towns of merchandising: for then they will be hardly able to colour other men's monies in the country: so as the licence of nine will not suck away the current rate of five: for no man will send his monies far off, nor put them into unknown hands.
这些持有允许证的放债者其数目可以不必限定,不过他们营业的地点却应当限于某几个商业的城市;因为这样他们就不能掩饰国中他人底钱财:持有特许证可以放百分之九的利率的债的人就不会把那一般流行的百分之五的利率的钱吸收尽了;因为没有人肯把钱放到远处,或放在不相识的人底手里的。
If it be objected that this doth, in a sort, authorise usury, which before was, in some places, but permissive: the answer is; mat it is better to mitigate usury by declaration, than to suffer it to rage by connivance.
如果有人反对说,以前放债的事业不过是在某种地方受容忍,而我底办法差不多要使它成为合法的营业了;我的答语是用公开承认的办法补救放债底害处比默认其存在而使它横行的好一点。
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下面读文网小编为大家带来生活英语情景对话,欢迎大家学习!
Todd: OK. Hello! Can I have your name please?
你好!请问你叫什么?
Cat: Cat.
卡特。
Todd: Cat! Uh, is that short for something?
卡特!这是简称还是……?
Cat: Short for Kathryn.
凯瑟琳的简称。
Todd: Kathryn. OK, Kathryn. What's your full name?
凯瑟琳。好的,凯瑟琳,你的全名是?
Cat: Kathryn Lovelock.
凯瑟琳·洛夫洛克。
Todd: Oh, nice name. Nice!
哦,好名字。很棒!
Cat: Glad you think so.
很高兴你这么想。
Todd: And where are you from?
你来自哪里?
Cat: Ah, from England.
我来自英国。
Todd: OK. Where in England?
英国的哪里?
Cat: Ah, in the Southeast. A small town just by the seaside.
伦敦的东南部,海边的一座小镇。
Todd: Nice. So you live by the beach?
很棒。那么,你住在海滩附近?
Cat: Yes, about ten minutes from the beach.
是的,大约走十分钟就到海滩了。
Todd: Wow, do you surf?
你冲浪吗?
Cat: It's not the kind of place you can surf. The waves are too small and the sea is too cold
那不是能够冲浪的地方。浪太小了,海水也太冷了。
Todd: OK. What kind of place is your town?
你家所在的小镇是什么样的地方?
Cat: What kind of place?
什么样的地方……
Todd: Yeah!
是的!
Cat: It's..it's..well very very small. It's normally really busy in the summer. There's not very much to do there, but when the sun is shining you can go to the beach. It's really good.
那是个小地方。但夏天却很热闹。在哪儿没什么可做的,但阳光明媚的时候,可以去沙滩走走。那真的很棒。
Todd: Yeah, sounds like a great place. How far is it from London?
听上去是个不错的地方。那里距离伦敦有多远?
Cat: Ah, about 70 miles, so that's about two hours by train.
大约70英里。坐火车要2个小时。
Todd: OK.
好的。
Cat: From Central London.
到伦敦市中心。
Todd: So when you go to London you go by train?
那么你坐火车去伦敦?
Cat: Normally yes because you can't drive, there's nowhere to park.
通常是的,因为不能开车去,没有地方停车。
Todd: OK. Great. Thanks.
好的。很棒。谢谢。
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去英国旅游,即使没有一口流利的英语,了解一些常用的旅游英语口语也是很有必要的!今天读文网小编在这里为大家分享一些英国旅游必备英语口语,希望这些实用口语会对大家有所帮助!
Jill:Welcome to the British Museum.How may I help you?
姬儿!欢迎光临大英博物馆。.有什么可以为您服务的吗?
Rex:This is the first time I've been to the museum.Could you please give me some ideas about where to start?
瑞克斯:我第一次来这里。您可以介绍一下要从哪里开始参观吗?
Jill:Sure.As you probably know, we have many great collections and exhibits.Which ones you see depends on that you're interested in. Right now, we have a special exhibit on the mummy. lt's a graat way to leam more about the mummies, the pyramids and Egyptian history. Maybe you would like to start there.
姬儿:没问题。本馆有大量的馆藏与展览--这您大概知道。而您想参观哪方面的展览,则依个人兴趣选择。’本馆目前有一项木乃伊的特展,是了解木乃伊、金字及埃及历史的绝佳途径,您或许想从这项展览看起。
Rex:Sounds fascinating.By the way,can I take photos inside?
瑞克斯:听起来让人很心动。对了,可以在里面拍照吗?
Jill:I am afraid not. All our exhibits must be carefully protected, so photography is not permitted.You will see a souvenir shop at the end of the tour.We hav replicas of almost every item in every exhibit.You can also get postcards, guidebooks,key chains and toys. Poopleloye them.
姬儿:很抱歉不能。本馆所有的展品须谨慎保护,所以不允许拍照。您在参观后会看到一处纪念品贩售处,绝大多数的展览仿制品都可以在这里买到,您还可以买到明信片、导游手册、钥匙圈和玩具等东西,这些都广受欢迎。
Rex:Thank you very much.I have a much clearer idea now.
瑞克斯:好,非常感谢。我现在比较清楚了。
Jill:You are welcome.I hope you enjoy our colledctions.
姬儿:不客气。祝您参观愉快。
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下面读文网小编为大家带来旅游英语阅读:英国著名博物馆和公园景点,希望大家喜欢!
火车:Cutty Sark/轻轨:DLR
格林威治是伦敦历史最悠久的皇家公园,也是皇家气象台的所在地。公园内的玫瑰花园,林荫大道和基础历史名胜都深受人们的喜爱。
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培根是一位经历了诸多磨难的贵族子弟,复杂多变的生活经历丰富了他的阅历。下面读文网小编为大家带来培根英文名言,欢迎大家阅读!
Francis Bacon
弗朗西斯·培根
Francis Bacon’s words “knowledge is power” are well-known to us. This talented boy is so clever that he entered the Trinity College, Cambridge, at the age of twelve and lived for three years there with his older brother.At Cambridge he met the Queen for the first time. The Queen was impressed by his precocious intellect, and was accustomed to call him “the young Lord Keeper”. He began to study law at Gray’s Inn, but his studies were interrupted for two and a half years while he served with the English ambassador to France. The sudden death of his father in February 1579 prompted Bacon to return to England. Sir Nicholas had laid up a considerable sum of money to purchase an estate for his youngest son, but he died before doing so, and Francis was left with only a fifth of that money. Having borrowed money, Bacon got into debt. To support himself, he reentered Gray’s Inn. He made rapid progress. He was admitted to the bar in 1582.
我们都知道弗朗西斯·培根的名言“知识就是力量”。这位极富才华的少年天资聪颖,十二岁便进入剑桥大学三一学院,和他哥哥一起在那度过了三年时光。在剑桥时,他第一次见到女王,女王对他早熟的才华印象深刻,并习惯地称他为“小掌玺大臣”。他在葛莱学院学习法律。但是他中途中断了两年半学业,为英国驻巴黎大使工作。1579年2月,培根的父亲尼古拉斯猝死,使他提前回到英国。他父亲生前为他最小的儿子准备了一大笔购买不动产的钱,可惜他在购买前去世了,培根只得到了那笔钱的五分之一。因为借款,培根债务缠身。为养活自己,他重新回到葛莱学院学习。此后他取得了快速的进步,于1582年成为一名律师。
Bacon’s goals were threefold: discovery of truth, service to his country, and service to the church. Knowing that a prestigious post would aid him toward these ends, in 1580 he applied, through his uncle, for a post at court. It’s a pity that his application failed. However, Bacon’s fortune soared in the next dozen years. In 1613 he was appointed attorney general and in 1618 lord chancellor.
培根有三个方面的目标:发现真理,为国尽忠,服务教会。他知道一个显赫的职位有助于他实现这些目标,于是1580年他就通过叔叔申请了一个在法院的职位,但申请失敗了。然而培根的运气在接下来的十多年里迅速好转。1613年,他被任命为检察长,1618年晋 升为大法官。
Disaster struck soon after. He was convicted by the High Court of Parliament for accepting bribes. Then he was sentenced to a fine and imprisonment. From then on, Bacon devoted himself to study and writing. Some historians believe Bacon may have been innocent of the bribery charges; Bacon himself said that he pleaded guilty by force deliberately so to save the king from a worse political scandal.
但是灾难很快降临。他被英国上议院法庭认定犯有受贿罪,判处罚金和监禁。从那以后,培根将精力放在了学术和写作上。一些历史学家认为,关于受贿的指控,培根可能是无辜的。培根自己说为了避免国王涉入更严重的政治丑闻,他不得不承认有罪。
By the end of March 1626, Bacon came to the suburb of North London through the snow. Suddenly he wanted to do an experiment concerning the possibility of using the
snow to preserve meat. At that time he was studying hot and cold theory and its practical application. However, because of his frail body, he could not withstand the invasion of cold. His bronchitis relapsed and conditions deteriorated. Soon he died in April 9, 1626 early morning, leaving assets of about 7,000 and debts to the amount of 22,000.
1626年3月底的一天,培根踏着积雪去伦敦北郊。他突发奇想,决定做一个关于用雪来保存肉的可能性的实验,当时他正在研究冷热理论及其实际应用问题。然而,他身体虚弱,没能经受住风寒的侵袭,导致他支气管炎复发。随后,他病情恶化,于1626年4月9日的清晨病逝,留下了 7,000英镑财产和22,000英镑的债务。
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整天背英语单词,是不是很无聊呢,没关系,给大脑放松放松,来看看关于英国文化的趣闻吧。
趣谈英国:英国父母热衷起怪名 “大豆”“害羞”应有尽有
古人说:“赐子千金,不如教子一艺;教子一艺,不如赐子好名。”中国人重视名字由来已久。相似的,越来越多的英国父母屏弃了起传统名字的做法,而是开动脑筋,想给孩子取个稀奇古怪,不想让自己的孩子和别人同名。
A growing number of parents appear to have ditched traditional names in favour of morebizarre ones such as Shy, Unity and Bean.
越来越多的父母屏弃了起传统名字的做法,而是开动脑筋,想给孩子取个稀奇古怪、“独一份”的名字。 例如:“害羞”、“统一”或者“豆子”等等。
It’s great to see parents being creative and wanting their children to stand out from the crowd with more unusual names. They don’t want their children to share anyone else’s name。” said Bounty spokeswoman Faye Mingo.
邦蒂育儿俱乐部女发言人法耶·明戈表示:“这些父母开动脑筋给自己的孩子起独特的名字,是想让自己的孩子在人群中引人注目,而不想让他们和别人同名。”
“Parents do need to think very carefully about everything that comes attached to an unusualmoniker as it can definitely shape a child’s experiences from how they are treated at school and beyond.”
但是她提醒这些“新潮”的父母,取名前要“三思而后行”,一个怪名字,很可能会给孩子的成长带来困扰,影响他们在学校以及其他场所的待遇。
The poll also found that the same number of children, perhaps unsurprisingly, did not like their names while a growing number had asked for it to be changed.
调查结果也与该说法一致:许多孩子不喜欢他们的怪名字,纷纷要求改名。
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诗歌是世界上最古老最基本的文学形式,是语言艺术最高的表现形式。下面是读文网小编为大家带来英国经典诗歌附翻译,希望大家喜欢!
I MUST go down to the seas again, to the lonely sea and the sky,
And all I ask is a tall ship and a star to steer her by,
And the wheel's kick and the wind's song and the white sail's shaking,
And a gray mist on the sea's face, and a gray dawn breaking.
我多想再次回到大海,
回到那寂寥的海天相连
我只想独自驾驶那高大的帆船,看浪花和白帆在风的歌唱中飞舞
雾雨弥漫在海面,透出曙色一线
I must go down to the seas again, for the call of the running tide
Is a wild call and a clear call that may not be denied;
And all I ask is a windy day with the white clouds flying,
And the flung spray and the blown spume, and the sea-gulls crying.
我多想再次回到大海
倾听那奔越的潮汐的呐喊
那野性的呼唤如此清晰使我无法拒绝
风舞云飞,浪花涌溅,还有那海鸥的哭啼,是我唯一的惦念
I must go down to the seas again, to the vagrant gypsy life,
To the gull's way and the whale's way, where the wind's like a whetted knife;
And all I ask is a merry yarn from a laughing fellow-rover,
And quiet sleep and a sweet dream when the long trick's over.我一定要再次回到大海
似吉普赛人浪迹天边
像海鸥,像鲸鱼,咧咧的风像一把锋利的刀
我只想似流浪者笑对如戏人生,让欺诈在静谧、甜美的梦中消散
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诗歌是世界上最古老最基本的文学形式,是语言艺术最高的表现形式。下面是读文网小编为大家带来英国名家经典诗歌,希望大家喜欢!
布莱克
Tiger, tiger, burning bright
In the forests of the night,
What immortal hand or eye
Could frame thy fearful symmetry?
老虎!老虎!黑夜的森林中
燃烧着的煌煌的火光,
是怎样的神手或天眼
造出了你这样的威武堂堂?
In what distant deeps or skies
Burnt the fire of thine eyes?
On what wings dare he aspire?
What the hand dare seize the fire?
你炯炯的两眼中的火
燃烧在多远的天空或深渊?
他乘着怎样的翅膀搏击?
用怎样的手夺来火焰?
And what shoulder and what art
Could twist the sinews of thy heart?
And when thy heart began to beat,
What dread hand and what dread feet?
又是怎样的膂力,怎样的技巧,
把你的心脏的筋肉捏成?
当你的心脏开始搏动时,
使用怎样猛的手腕和脚胫?
What the hammer? what the chain?
In what furnace was thy brain?
What the anvil? What dread grasp
Dare its deadly terrors clasp?
是怎样的槌?怎样的链子?
在怎样的熔炉中炼成你的脑筋?
是怎样的铁砧?怎样的铁臂
敢于捉着这可怖的凶神?
When the stars threw down their spears,
And water'd heaven with their tears,
Did He smile His work to see?
Did He who made the lamb make thee?
群星投下了他们的投枪。
用它们的眼泪润湿了穹苍,
他是否微笑着欣赏他的作品?
是否他创造了你,也创造了羔羊?
Tiger, tiger, burning bright
In the forests of the night,
What immortal hand or eye
Dare frame thy fearful symmetry?
群星投下了他们的投枪。
用它们的眼泪润湿了穹苍,
他是否微笑着欣赏他的作品?
是否他创造了你,也创造了羔羊?
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诗歌是世界上最古老最基本的文学形式,是语言艺术最高的表现形式。下面是读文网小编为大家带来英国名家诗歌译文,希望大家喜欢!
What is this life if, full of care,
生活会变成什么样,假如整日充满着忧患
We have no time to stand and stare!
我们没时间去驻足欣赏
No time to stand beneath the boughs,
没时间去站在树枝底下
And stare as long as sheep and cows.
像牛羊那样久久的凝视
No time to see, when woods we pass,
没时间去细赏我们穿越的大森林
Where squirrels hide their nuts in grass.
那松鼠在草丛中把果实珍藏
No time to see,in broad daylight,
没时间去想一想 为什么
Streams full of stars,like skies at night.
倒影在溪流中的星星 像晴空的夜晚
No time to turn at Beauty's glance,
没时间去细想 那佳人的回眸一瞥
And watch her feet,how they can dance.
欣赏那脚 舞姿是多么擅长
No time to wait till her mouth can
无暇等那佳人红唇轻启
Enrich that smile her eyes began.
盈盈的笑眸更加动人
A poor life this if, full of care,
生活可悲可厌,倘若它充满着忧患
We have no time to stand and stare.
我们没时间去驻足欣赏
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英国文学源远流长,经历了长期、复杂的发展演变过程。在这个过程中,文学本体以外的各种现实的、历史的、政治的、文化的力量对文学发生着影响。那么你知道英国文学用英语怎么说吗?接下来跟着读文网小编来学习一下吧。
英国文学作品选读 Selected Readings of British Literature
英国文学选读 selected readings in british literature
英国文学讲座 Lecture on English Lite
英国文学及写作 English Literature and Composition
中古时期英国文学 Old and Medieval British Literature
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英国的教育体系经过几百年的沿革,相当的完善和复杂,这里就有它的英文版介绍。下面读文网小编为大家带来英国教育体系英文简介,希望对你有所帮助!
英国教育体系总体来说分为三个阶段: 义务教育(Compulsory Education),延续教育(Further Education)和高等教育(Higher Education)。
一、义务教育 (Compulsory Education)
英国的学生从四岁开始接受义务教育,享受全免费的国家福利,学校甚至还提供免费的午餐,所有的家长必须把自己的孩子送到学校读书。小学教育一般持续到11岁,然后进入中学。英国的中学不分初中高中,从中一(Form 1)到中五(Form 5)共五年的时间。
二、延续教育(Further Education)
延续教育是英国教育体系中最有特色也最精彩的部分,它是继小学(Primary)中学(Secondary)教育之后的“第三级教育”(Tertiary)。为进入高等教育或者就业打下基础。也是中国的高中学生留学英国的关键阶段。一般来说接受延续教育的学生介于16和18岁之间。它分为两种体系:学业路线(Academic Route)和职业路线(Vocational Route)。学业路线着重于培养学术研究方面的人才,职业路线则结合社会各层面的职业需要,培养在各种行业中具有专门技能和知识的人才。这两种体系在英国受到同等的重视。
三、高等教育(Higher Education)
顾名思义,高等教育是英国教育体系中的高级阶段,它包括:
本科(Bachelor Degree)
研究生(Master Degree)
博士生(Doctorial Degree)
高级国家文凭(HND-Higher National Diploma)。
高等教育通常都是由大学(University)提供,但许多学院(College)也提供Bachelor和HND课程。
看了英国教育体系英文版介绍这篇文章
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今年的6月23日,英国就要为是否继续留在欧盟举行公投,这次英国的脱欧公投结果将会带来巨大的影响,因此也吸引了全世界的关注。下面读文网小编为大家带来6月23日英国脱欧公投双语阅读,希望大家喜欢。
european union(EU)
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在英国公投决定脱欧后,英国首相卡梅伦24日在太太陪同下宣布,他将辞去首相职务。10月份之后,由新的首相接替他的工作。那么你想知道卡梅伦的辞职演讲都有哪些内容吗?下面读文网小编为大家带来英国首相卡梅伦辞职演讲完整版:我尽力了(双语),希望大家喜欢!
on the brink of:濒临,处于... ...
It’s why we delivered a fair, legal and decisive referendum in Scotland.
这就是为什么我们在苏格兰进行了公正、合法、有决定意义的公投。
And why I made the pledge to renegotiate Britain’s position in the European Union and hold a referendum on our membership, and have carried those things out.
这也是为什么我做出承诺,与欧盟重新商议英国的地位、开启英国与欧盟关系的公投,并实现它们。
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