为您找到与腰椎间盘综合征定义相关的共10个结果:
汇率制度又称汇率安排(Exchange Rate Arrangement):是指一国货币当局对汇率制度本国汇率变动的基本方式所作的一系列安排或规定。传统上,按照汇率变动的幅度,汇率制度被分为两大类型:固定汇率制和浮动汇率制。
其种类大概可分为四类:
联合浮动又称共同浮动(LinkedFloating)、集体浮动(GroupFloating),是指国家集团对成员国内部货币实行固定汇率,对非成员国则实行共升共降的浮动汇率。
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关于幸福的英语名人名言,我们总把幸福挂在嘴边,但是如鱼饮水,冷暖自知,自己觉得自己幸福便是真的幸福。看看各位名人是如何看待幸福的吧。
Happiness is form courage .( H. Jackson , British writer )
幸福是勇气的一种形式。 (英国作家 杰克逊. H.)
Happy is the man who is living by his hobby .G. Bernard Shaw , British dramatist )
醉心于某种癖好的人是幸福的。 (英国剧作家 肖伯纳. G .)
The supreme happiness of life is the conviction that we are loved .(Victor Hugo , French novelist )
生活中最大的幸福是坚信有人爱我们。( 法国小说家 雨果. V .)
There is no paradise on earth equal to the union of love and innocence.(Jean Jacques Rousseau, French thinker )
人间最大的幸福莫如既有爱情又清白无暇。( 法国思想家 卢梭. J . J. )
A lifetime of happiness ! No man alive could bear it ; it would be hell on earth .(G. Bernard Shaw ,British dramatist )
终身幸福!这是任何活着的人都无法忍受的,那将是人间地狱。(英国剧作家 肖伯纳. G.)
Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money ; it lies in the joy of achievement , in the thrill of creative effort .(Franklin Roosevelt ,American president )
幸福不在于拥有金钱,而在于获得成就时的喜悦以及产生创造力的激情。(美国总统 罗斯福. F.)
Human felicity is produced not so much by great pieces of good fortunethat seldom happen , as by little advantages that occur every day .(Benjamin Franklin ,American president).
与其说人类的幸福来自偶尔发生的鸿运,不如说来自每天都有的小实惠。(美国总统 富兰克林. B.)
Most folks are about as happy as they make up their minds to be .(AbrahamLincoln ,American president )
对于大多数人来说,他们认定自己有多幸福,就有多幸福。(美国总统 林肯. A.)
The secret of being miserable is to have leisure to bother about whetheryou are happy or not . (George Bernard Shaw , British dramatist )
痛苦的秘密在于有闲功夫担心自己是否幸福。 (英国剧作家 肖伯纳 . G .)
We have no more right to consume happiness without producing it than toconsume wealth without producing it . (George Bernard Shaw , Britishdramatist)
正像我们无权只享受财富而不创造财富一样,我们也无权只享受幸福而不创造幸福。
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我们在英语语法中遇到的一般过去时,它的定义与运用方法是怎么样的呢?以下是读文网小编给大家带来一般过去时的概念及用法,以供大家参阅!
(一)规则动词的过去式
1.一般情况下,在动词原形后面加-ed。 look→looked play→played start→started visit→visited
2.以不发音e结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-d。 live→lived use→used
3.以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词,先将 y 改为i ,再加 –ed。 study→studied, try→tried fly→flied
4.以重读闭音节(即辅音+元音+辅音)或r音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要先双写这个辅音字母后,再加 –ed。
stop→stopped plan→planned, prefer→preferred
(二)不规则动词的过去式 1.改变动词中的元音
begin→began drink→drank
come→came eat→ate grow→grew run→ran know→knew
win→won speak→spoke take→took write→wrote get→got
2.变词尾的–d 为–t build→built lend→lent send→sent spend→spent bend→bent
3.与动词原形一样 cut→cut put→put cost→cost hurt→hurt shut→shut
4.变-ay 为-aid (少数动词) say→said pay→paid lay→laid
5.采用不同词根: sell→sold teach→taught buy→bought
6.其他 am/is→was,
看过一般过去时的概念以及用法
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摘录:经济学家们一直试图衡量人们生活的幸福感。从1972年开始,不丹放弃国内生产总值的测算,取而代之的是“国民幸福指数”。这一数值根据人们对政府以及经济发展的满意度、与环境的关系、以及国民归属感。
icrophone to their mouth and asked a simple question: “Are you happy?”
The question has caught many interviewees off guard. Even Mo Yan, who recently won a Nobel Prize, responded by saying: “I don’t know”.
近日,中央电视台记者将镜头和麦克风对准了路上的行人,采访的问题很简单:“你幸福吗?”
这个问题令许多被访者措手不及。甚至就连刚刚获得诺贝尔奖的莫言也回应说:“我不知道。”
While the question has become a buzz phrase and the Internet plays host to heated discussions, we ask: What exactly is happiness? And how do you measure it?
这一问题已经成为热门语句并引发网络热议。我们不禁要问:“到底什么是幸福?你又怎样衡量幸福呢?”
In the 1776 US Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson set in writing the people’s unalienable right to “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness”. Last year, 235 years on, China’s Premier Wen Jiabao told the nation: “Everything we do is aimed at letting people live more happily.” At last year’s National People’s Congress, officials agreed that increasing happiness would be a top target for the 12th five-year plan.
在1776年美国发布的《独立宣言》中,托马斯•杰弗逊写下,人们拥有不可剥夺的“生存权、自由权以及追求幸福的权利”。235年过去了,去年,国家温家宝在发表全国讲话时称:“我们做的每件事都是为了让人民过得更幸福。”在去年举行的全国人民代表大会上,各级官员一致同意将增加国民幸福感定为我国“十二五”规划的首要目标。
US psychologist Ed Diener, author of Happiness: Unlocking the Mysteries of Psychological Wealth, describes happiness as “a combination of life satisfaction and having more positive than negative emotions”, according to US broadcasting network PBS. This may sound straightforward enough, but it still doesn’t explain what determines people’s happiness.
据美国PBS电视台报道,《快乐-解锁心灵财富的秘密》一书的作者、美国心理学家埃德•迪纳将幸福描述为“对生活满足且正面情绪占上风”。尽管这听上去足够直白,但还是没有解释出是什么来决定人们的幸福感。
Many argue that happiness is elusive and that there is no single source. It also means different things to different people. For some, happiness can be as simple as having enough cash to buy a new bicycle; for others, it’s about socializing or finding the perfect spouse.
很多人认为,幸福难以捉摸,幸福源自许多方面。对于不同的人来说,幸福的意义也不同。对一些人而言,幸福很简单,有足够的钱来买辆新自行车就很幸福;对其他人而言,幸福则关乎于社交活动或是找寻最佳配偶。
Researchers believe happiness can be separated into two types: daily experiences of hedonic well-being; and evaluative well-being, the way people think about their lives as a whole. The former refers to the quality of living, whereas the latter is about overall happiness, including life goals and achievements. Happiness can cross both dimensions.
研究人员认为,幸福可以分成两类:一是日常的享乐主义幸福,二是可评估的幸福,即人们整体思考生活的方式。前者强调生活质量,而后者则注重整体幸福感,包括人生目标和成就。幸福则可以令二者产生交叉。
Li Jun, a psychologist and mental therapy practitioner at a Beijing clinic, says: “Happiness can mean both the most basic human satisfaction or the highest level of spiritual pursuit. It’s a simple yet profound topic.”
来自北京一家诊所的心理精神理疗师李俊(音译)表示:“幸福的定义既可以是人类最基本的需求得到满足,也可以是精神追求的最高境界。这是一个虽简单,却意义深远的话题。”
Chen Shangyuan, 21, a junior English major at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, said his idea of happiness always evolves. “At present it relates to how productive I am in a day,” he said. “It might be linked to job security or leisure time after I graduate.”
21岁的陈尚远(音译)现就读于南京航空航天大学,他表示自己对于幸福的理解总是不断进化。他说:“眼下幸福与与我每日的学习效率有关。毕业后,也许会同职业安全感以及休闲时间有关。”
Then there is the question of measuring happiness. Does it depend on how many friends we have, or whether we own the latest smartphone? Is it even quantifiable?
接下来的问题是:如何衡量幸福?取决于我们身边朋友的多少?是否拥有最新款的智能手机?而幸福真的可以量化吗?
Economists are trying to measure happiness in people’s lives. Since 1972, Bhutan’s GDP measurement has been replaced by a Gross National Happiness index. It is calculated according to the peoples’ sense of being well-governed, their relationship with the environment, their satisfaction with economic development, and their sense of national belonging.
经济学家们一直试图衡量人们生活的幸福感。从1972年开始,不丹放弃国内生产总值的测算,取而代之的是“国民幸福指数”。这一数值根据人们对政府以及经济发展的满意度、与环境的关系、以及国民归属感。
In 2009, US economist Joseph Stiglitz proposed “to shift emphasis from measuring economic production to measuring people’s well-being”. But is well-being more easily measured?
2009年,美国经济学家约瑟夫·斯蒂格里兹提议“将测量的重点从经济生产转移到人均幸福感上来。”但是,幸福真会变得更易于测量吗?
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摘录:你有没有想过为什么成功的人那么少?我想,大概在一万个人里有一个人能获得成功就很好了。但是为什么会这样呢?我们大多数人都渴望成功,不是吗?那为什么成功的人还是屈指可数呢?成功的秘密就在于:选择痛苦而不是快乐,并能够长期坚持承受痛苦。
励志
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摘要:中东呼吸综合征是由一种冠状病毒引起的肺部感染疾病,也叫做MERS-Cov。 国家卫计委员会通报,广东出现首例输入性中东呼吸综合征确诊病例。患者为韩国男性,目前已被隔离治疗。你知道怎么用英语表达吗?
MERS is an infection of the lungs caused by a virus known as a coronavirus and is written as MERS-CoV.
Coronaviruses can cause illness similar to the common cold in the winter months. This coronavirus is different than these viruses and has never been seen in humans before.
Most people who became ill with MERS had traveled to, lived in, or were in close contact with someone who had traveled to the Arabian Peninsula.
Most people who got infected with MERS became severely ill with a respiratory illness with symptoms such as: fever, cough, shortness of breath.
中东呼吸综合征是由一种冠状病毒引起的肺部感染疾病,也叫做MERS-Cov。
冠状病毒能在冬季引起类似感冒的疾病,但这种冠状病毒与感冒病毒不同,此前未曾在人类身上发现过。
大多数患中东呼吸综合征的人都曾经到过或居住在阿拉伯半岛地区,又或者与到访过该地区的人有过密切接触。
大多数患者会表现出严重的呼吸系统疾病症状,包括:发烧、咳嗽以及呼吸急促。
文中的MERS就是“中东呼吸综合征”的意思,即为Middle East Respiratory Syndrome,其中syndrome意为“综合征”,是医学术语,指机体同时出现的一系列症状,如:Lemon juice can help to prevent economy-class syndrome by improving blood circulation. (柠檬汁能够改善血液循环,有助于预防经济舱综合征。)
最后一句中的infect是及物动词,意为“传染,感染”,后面常接with表示“把……传染给……”,如:The water was infected with germs. (这些水被细菌污染了。)
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摘要:研究发现,感觉永远吃不饱,半夜起床觅食的人,可能是基因上出了问题。你知道怎么用英语表达“夜食综合征”吗?
People woken at night by insatiable hunger may have their genes to blame, research suggests.
Night-eating syndrome may appear when the genes that synchronise eating patterns with sleep are faulty, research on mice concluded.
This alters meal times, leading to over-eating and weight gain.
About 1-2% of people have the condition. Signs include waking in the night and being unable to go back to sleep without eating.
The syndrome has recently been classified as an eating disorder, but the cause is unknown.
研究发现,感觉永远吃不饱,半夜起床觅食的人,可能是基因上出了问题。
在小白鼠上进行的实验发现,当控制饮食习惯和睡眠同步的基因存在问题时,就会出现夜食综合征。
这会改变进餐时间,导致暴饮暴食和体重增加。
每100人中间大约会有1至2人存在这样的情况。相关征状包括在半夜起床,而且不吃点东西就没法上床睡觉。
这一病征近日被归类为一种饮食失调症,但其具体致因尚不明确。
文中的night-eating syndrome就是“夜食综合征”的意思,其中syndrome解释为“综合征”,又如Down's syndrome(唐氏综合征)、economy class syndrome(经济舱综合征)等,我们所说的AIDS(艾滋病)全写为Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome,即“获得性免疫缺陷综合征”。
此外,文中的insatiable一词解释为“永不满足的”,又如an insatiable hunger for knowledge(永不满足的求知欲)。
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以下是读文网小编整理的哲理类英语美文欣赏:幸福定义之矛盾的幸福感 , 希望对你有所启发。
What is the definition of "happiness"? Is it material wealth filled with fancy cars, a dreamhouse, extravagant furs and jewelry? Or is happiness simply having a roof over your head?Food in the fridge? Having a child? A pet? A swimming pool? A designer Gucci bag? Parents?Grandchildren? Love? Money? The perfect job? Winning the Lottery?
“幸福”是什么?幸福是拥有豪华的汽车、梦想的居室、名贵的裘皮和珠宝等物质上的富足嘛?或者,幸福其实很简单——有遮风避雨的住所,冰箱里有食物,有孩子、宠物、游泳池、Gucci的包,有父母、子孙、有爱情、金钱和理想的工作,彩票中奖了呢?
According to the American Heritage Dictionary,"happiness"is derived from the Middle Englishword hap—meaning" Luck." But does happiness really have anything to do with" luck"? Wecould assume that if you avoided a fatal traffic accident but got fired by coming late to work,would you be filled with "happiness?"? Is it luck or what do you make of it? Maybe,"happiness"isexactly defined by its indirect alias: happiness—perhaps, happiness is in fact defined by thefortune that we permit to happen.
在《美国传统字典》中,幸福是从中古英语“Hap”一词演变而来,“Hap”意为“好运"。幸福真的与“好运"有关联吗?基于此,想想看,如果你在一场必死无疑的交通事故中幸免于难,却因此迟到,导致被老板炒鱿鱼。对此,我们应该感到“幸福”吗?这是好运吗?还是要看个人如何看待这个问题呢?或许确切地说,幸福的定义应当直接从它的词源来看——事实上,幸福或许就是命中注定要发生的事情。
Do you recall a time—let's say when you were about 5 years old—what defined happiness backthen? Was it getting a puppy for Christmas? Or maybe, you were a child of divorce; and all youwanted was for Mom and Dad to get back together again? Then as you got older, you werehoping that someone would ask you to the prom that would've made your day, maybe your lifefor the moment. During college, good grades made you happy, but it was short"lived. Becausein the real world, you had to look for a job, and competition was stark. It's an employer'sworld you thought. But then, you got the perfect job now you could be happy or could you?
你能回忆起你5岁时对幸福的理解吗?那时,幸福是从圣诞树上摘下的一只小狗吗?或者爸爸妈妈离婚了,你唯一的愿望就是他们能和好如初,重新生活在一起?当你渐渐长大,你希望有人会邀请你参加舞会,希望所有的日子都凝固在那一天,那一刻。上大学期间,考试得了高分让你无比开心,但这种幸福感毕竟是短暂的。因为在现实中,你得找一份工作,而社会竞争也相当激烈。于是,你就会想,这是一个雇主的世界。随后,你找到了一份理想的工作——现在的你很开心,是吗?
Life requires more than just what we want. Inevitably, one must understand that to truly find"happiness", he must make his own happiness "happen". Sounds a bit redundant, buttruthfully, there is no set guidelines that will bring one happiness. There is no "magic wand" wecan wave to bring joy into our lives. Human nature thrives on the thrill of the chase. We dreamand we hope for the next big Brea—it is the grand adventure of living.
生活向我们索要的远比我们想要的多。一个人必须明白,要想真正找到幸福,他就必须让自己幸福。可能听起来有些多余,但确是如此——生活中,没有能代来幸福的现成的指南,也没有挥一挥就能带来欢乐的魔棒。人性在追求幸福的刺激中不断升级、完善。我们梦想着,期望着下一个大的转变—这就是生活中的大冒险了。
We are hopeless creatures of comfort. We like having and accumulating things. Whether oneadmits to it or not, to a certain degree, we all try to keep up with" the Jones". We work so wecan pay our rents, mortgages, credit card debts, school loans, car payments...the list goes onand on. And at some point, we realize, that aside from having most of what we want, we stillaren't happy. Now since we've learned to adapt to new standards which we've created forourselves, we find that we have less time, less patience, less sleep, which equates to morestress, more worry and more aggravation. So, is happiness honestly just comprised of"things"?
我们是无助的享乐者,喜欢拥有和积攒东西。不论人们承认与否,一定程度上,我们都在相互攀比。我们之所以工作,是因为要付房租,偿还抵押贷款,还清信用卡透支费用,偿付助学贷款,买车,等等。此类费用接连而至,让我们应接不暇。于是,我们会突然意识到,尽管拥有了想要的一切,我们仍然不幸福。自从适应了自己定下的新生活标准,我们的时间短了,耐性没了,睡眠少了,但压力大了,焦虑多了,脾气也暴躁了。鉴于此,幸福真的是由“物质”组成的吗?
Sometimes, we virtually pay our lives for not only basic necessities, but for excessive items andservices as well. We become so obsessed with finding happiness, that we lose sight of the factthat happiness is within—always. Certainly you've heard of individuals trying to "findthemselves", or "rediscover themselves". The reason they are attempting these innovativeapproaches is because they are seeking inner happiness. But the point has been missed:Happiness is already there.
事实上,有时,我们不仅用生命交换生活必需品,还用生命交换多余的物质享受和服务。我们这般沉迷于追求幸福,却忽略了一个事实——幸福一直就在我们心中。当然,你一定听过这样的事,即有些人一直都在苦苦“找寻自我”或“重新发现自我”。他们创新尝试的理由只不过是想找寻心灵深处的幸福。但他们忽略了一点,即幸福从头至尾到在心中。
Disappointments and tragedies in life will come and go, but happiness never leaves you. Thehuman's capacity to be resilient to redials is unfathomable. We can lose our jobs, but begrateful for our spouses. We can lose our homes to nature, but be thankful to alive.
失望和悲伤在生命中交替轮回,但幸福从不会舍你而去。人类对困难的适应能力无可限量。我们可以失去工作,但会为拥有爱人而感恩不已;我们可以流离失所,但会为活着而心存感激。
Happiness is a perception of each individual. We are instinctively compelled to find fault in ourlives. By human nature, we begin our "fault"find"ing" mission the moment we're capable offree"thinking. It is then, that we lose sense of self"worth and the bigger picture of vitalityaltogether. Stuck in the patterns of the happiness paradox, we simply cannot find where ourhappiness has gone.
幸福是个人的一种感知。我们本能地受限于外界,找寻着生活的瑕疵,出于人的天性,我们从有能力自由思考的那刻起,就开始对生活吹毛求疵。也就在那时,我们失去了对自我价值的认知,也失去了生命的活力,陷于幸福的矛盾中,找不到幸福的方向。
It's not a matter of bargaining, it's not an issue of money or fame—instead, happiness is whatyou resolve to accept. If we live through optimis"tic hope; if we dare to dream; if we empowerourselves to fully live; then we have regained our sense of happiness, There is no in between.There is no other replacement. We only have one physical life to live—we have no choice but tomake the most of it.
幸福是你决定去接受的东西,没有任何商量的余地,它于金钱或名誉毫无瓜葛。只要我们活在乐观希望之中,敢于大胆梦想,活得简单纯粹,那么,我们就会重新拥有幸福的感觉。那种感觉并非悬于幸于不幸之间的真空地带,也无任何替代品。我们只能活一次——除了好好活着,我们别无选择。
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腰椎间盘位于两个椎体之间,是一个具有流体力学特性的结构,由髓核、纤维环和软骨板三部分构成。接下来小编为大家整理了腰椎间盘综合征的介绍,希望对你有帮助哦!
鉴别诊断
Whether nerve root signs are present or not, the main differential concern with back pain is spinal tumor. The most common extradural tumors in adults are metastatic, most often from carcinoma of the breast in women and the prostate in men. Lung, thyroid, and uterine tumors are less common sources of metastases. Multiple myeloma also frequently involves the spine and often causes pain by weakening of bony structures, causing pathologic fractures. Intradural spinal tumors are less common than metastases in adults and include neurofibromas, meningiomas, and ependymomas. Diagnosis of these slow-growing tumors is often quite difficult, as symptoms may mimic diskogenic pain and may appear to improve with conservative measures. Metastatic tumors of bone are often detected on routine x-ray studies.
不管有无神经根性症状,涉及到背痛的主要鉴别诊断是脊椎肿瘤。在成人最常见的硬膜外肿瘤是转移性的、多来自妇女乳腺癌和男性的前列腺癌,源于肺、甲状腺及子宫的肿瘤转移较少。多发性骨髓瘤也常累及脊柱,并常导致骨质结构脆弱而产生疼痛,也可以引起病理骨折,成人硬脊肿瘤神经纤维瘤,脑膜瘤和室管膜瘤,较转移肿瘤少见。诊断这些生长缓慢的肿瘤常常是十分困难的,其症状很像椎间盘突出的疼痛,而且经保守治疗后疼痛也可改善。通过常规X线检查可以发现骨的转移性肿瘤。
The history may suggest the possibility of spinal tumor. A history of primary tumors elsewhere should immediately raise this suspicion. The complaint of pain that is more severe at night than during the day is also strongly suggestive of spinal tumor. The reasons for this phenomenon are unclear but may be related to nocturnal increase in cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Persistent bilateral leg pain with no history of back pain also suggests spinal tumor. Myelography with contrast media or CT scan with metrizamide is essential to detect intradural and intramedullary tumors.
病史可提示有脊柱肿瘤的可能,有任何部位的原发件肿瘤病史时,应立即怀疑及此。病人述说夜间疼痛比白天剧烈时,也提示很可能有脊柱肿瘤。这些现象原因不清楚,可能与夜间脑脊液压力增加有关。持续性两侧小腿疼痛而无背痛病史,也提示为脊柱肿瘤,用造影剂作脊髓X线造影或用甲泛影酰胺作CT扫描探查硬膜内或脊内肿瘤是来可少的。
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互联网是由一些使用公用语言互相通信的计算机连接而成的网络,即广域网、局域网及单机按照一定的通讯协议组成的国际计算机网络。接下来小编为大家整理了因特网国家或地区域名定义,希望对你有帮助哦!
hk : Hong Kong , 香港
hm : Heard
hn : Honduras , 洪都拉斯
hr : Croatia , 克罗蒂亚
ht : Haiti , 海地
hu : Hungary , 匈牙利
id : Indonesia , 印度尼西亚
ie : Ireland , 爱尔兰共和国
il : Israel , 以色列
in : India , 印度
io : British Indian Ocean Territory, 英属印度洋领地
iq : Iraq , 伊拉克
ir : Iran , 伊朗
is : Iceland , 冰岛
it : Italy , 意大利
jm : Jamaica , 牙买加
jo : Jordan , 约旦
jp : Japan , 日本
ke : Kenya , 肯尼亚
kg : Kyrgyzstan , 吉尔吉斯斯坦
kh : Cambodia , 柬埔塞
ki : Kiribati , 基里巴斯
km : Comoros , 科摩罗
kn : St. Kitts
kp : Korea-North , 北朝鲜
kr : Korea-South , 南朝鲜
kw : Kuwait , 科威特
ky : Cayman Islands, 开曼群岛(英属)
kz : Kazakhstan , 哈萨克斯坦
la : Lao People's Republic , 老挝人民共和国
lb : Lebanon , 黎巴嫩
lc : St. Lucia, 圣露西亚岛
li : Liechtenstein , 列支敦士登
lk : Sri Lanka , 斯里兰卡
lr : Liberia , 利比里亚
ls : Lesotho , 莱索托
lt : Lithuania , 立陶宛
lu : Luxembourg , 卢森堡
lv : Latvia , 拉脱维亚
ly : Libya , 利比亚
ma : Morocco , 摩洛哥
mc : Monaco , 摩纳哥
md : Moldova , 摩尔多瓦
mg : Madagascar , 马达加斯加
mh : Marshall Islands , 马绍尔群岛
ml : Mali , 马里
mm : Myanmar, 缅甸
mn : Mongolia , 蒙古
mo : Macau , 澳门
mp : Northern Mariana Islands, 北马里亚纳群岛
mq : Martinique , 马提尼克岛(法属)
mr : Mauritania , 毛里塔尼亚
ms : Montserrat, 蒙塞拉特岛
mt : Malta , 马尔他
mv : Maldives , 马尔代夫
mw : Malawi , 马拉维
mx : Mexico , 墨西哥
my : Malaysia , 马来西亚
mz : Mozambique , 莫桑比克
na : Namibia , 纳米比亚
nc : New Caledonia, 新喀里多尼亚
ne : Niger , 尼日尔
nf : Norfolk Island, 诺福克岛
ng : Nigeria , 尼日利亚
ni : Nicaragua , 尼加拉瓜
nl : Netherlands , 荷兰
no : Norway , 挪威
np : Nepal , 尼泊尔
nr : Nauru , 瑙鲁
nt : Neutral Zone , 中立区
nu : Niue, 纽埃
nz : New Zealand , 新西兰
om : Oman , 阿曼
pa : Panama , 巴拿马
pe : Peru , 秘鲁
pf : French Polynesia , 法属玻利尼西亚
pg : Papua New Guinea , 巴布亚新几内亚
ph : Philippines , 菲律宾
pk : Pakistan , 巴基斯坦
pl : Poland , 波兰
pm : St. Pierre
pn : Pitcairn Island, 皮特克恩岛
pr : Puerto Rico , 波多黎各
pt : Portugal , 葡萄牙
pw : Palau , 帕劳
py : Paraguay , 巴拉圭
qa : Qatar , 卡塔尔
re : Reunion Island, 留尼汪岛(法属)
ro : Romania , 罗马尼亚
ru : Russian Federation , 俄罗斯联邦
rw : Rwanda , 卢旺达
sa : Saudi Arabia , 沙特阿拉伯
sb : Solomon Islands , 所罗门群岛
sc : Seychelles , 塞舌尔
sd : Sudan , 苏旦
se : Sweden , 瑞典
sg : Singapore , 新加坡
sh : St. Helena , 海伦娜
si : Slovenia , 斯洛文尼亚
sj : Svalbard
sk : Slovakia , 斯洛伐克
sl : Sierra Leone , 塞拉利昂
sm : San Marino , 圣马力诺
sn : Senegal , 塞内加尔
so : Somalia , 索马里
sr : Suriname , 苏里南
st : Sao Tome
su : USSR , 苏联
sy : Syrian Arab Republic , 叙利亚
sz : Swaziland , 斯威士兰
tc : Turks
td : Chad , 乍得
tf : French Southern Territories , 法属南半球领地
tg : Togo , 多哥
th : Thailand , 泰国
tj : Tajikistan , 塔吉克斯坦
tk : tokelau, 托克劳群岛
tm : Turkmenistan , 土库曼斯坦
tn : Tunisia , 突尼斯
to : Tonga , 汤加
tp : East Timor , 东帝汶
tr : Turkey , 土耳其
tt : Trinidad
tv : Tuvalu , 图瓦鲁
tw : Taiwan , 台湾
tz : Tanzania , 坦桑尼亚
ua : Ukrainian SSR , 乌克兰
ug : Uganda , 乌干达
uk : United Kingdom , 英国
us : United States , 美国
uy : Uruguay , 乌拉圭
va : Vatican City State , 梵地冈
vc : St. Vincent
ve : Venezuela , 委内瑞拉
vg : Virgin Islands : 维京群岛
vn : Vietnam , 越南
vu : Vanuatu , 瓦努阿图
wf : Wallis
ws : Samoa , 东萨摩亚
ye : Yemen , 也门
yu : Yugoslavia , 南斯拉夫
za : South Africa , 南非
zm : Zambia , 赞比亚
zr : Zaire , 扎伊尔
zw : Zimbabwe , 津巴布韦
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