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Foxconn, the world’s largest electronics contract manufacturer, is revamping the pay structure at its main production base in southern China in a move that could end up the cost structure of global electronics production.
富士康,这一全球最大的电子产品合同制造商正彻底调查其位于中国南方主要生产基地的员工薪资结构,而此举可能推高全球电子产品生产的成本构成。
Following a 30 percent wage increase from July 1, the group said workers who reach certain performance standards would now also get an additional 66 percent pay rise from October 1.
7 月1 日富士康已经给工人加薪30%,之后又表示会从10 月1 日起给达到一定业绩标准的工人额外加薪66%。
“The monthly wage for all first-line employees and their line leaders and supervisors in Shenzhen will be elevated to Rmb2,000 as early as October 1 2010, ” if the workers successfully passed a three-month evaluation period, the company said.
富士康表示,“最早从10 月1 日起,深圳工厂中所有‘一线’员工及线长、组长的月薪将增加到2000 元,只要员工能成功通过为期3 个月的考核期。”
The wage increase comes as a spate of suicide among workers in Foxconn’s largest plant and a strike at a Honda factory in China have triggered calls for better conditions for the tens of millions of migrant workers who have been powering China’s export-manufacturing machine.
此次加薪的直接原因是富士康最大厂区一连串自杀事件以及在本田中国工厂的罢工事件。这一系列劳工事件引发了对改善数以百万计中国农民工劳动条件的呼声。农民工一直是中国出口制造业的真正动力。
Foxconn’s decision is the clearest sign yet of major changes in the labor conditions in export manufacturing in China.
富士康的加薪决定预示着中国出口制造业的用工状况正发生重大转变。
Foxconn, which makes electronic gadgets such as iPhones and PlayStation video game consoles, is China ’s largest employer with a headcount of 800,000, and has been the country’s largest exporter every year since 2003.
富士康,这家生产iPhone 和PlayStation 视频游戏机等电子产品的企业,拥有全中国最多的雇员,员工80 万名。自2003 年以来,每年都是中国最大的出口企业。
Foxconn executives said they could not predict how the additional cost would be shared but expected customers to help shoulder the burden.
富士康管理层说他们无法预测谁来承担加薪造成的额外成本,但预计部分会被转嫁给消费者。
The latest increase would more than double the basic pay of assembly line workers in Shenzhen and bring it to a level they currently only reach by working 12-hour shifts six days a week.
最新的加薪举措使富士康深圳工厂流水线工人的基本工资提高一倍多。目前工人想要挣到这么多钱,必需一周工作6 天、每天工作12 个小时。
The increase exceeds the demands of some labor activists who had rejected Foxconn’s earlier 30 per cent pay rise as too little too late. Activists said the group needed to increase pay by at least 50 per cent to give workers a decent income without massive overtime.
本次加薪甚至也超出了一些劳工维权人士的预期。他们曾表示富士康此前30%的加薪“太少”也“太晚”。这些维权人士认为,富士康至少需要加薪50%,才能让工人得到不错的报酬,而又不需要大量加班。
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想要提高考研英语成绩,就要注重平时的阅读能力的培养。下面读文网小编为大家带来考研英语阅读精华美文,欢迎大家阅读欣赏!
Studying for an exam while listening to music is not smart, because background music can impair your ability to perform memory tasks, new research has found.
最新研究发现,边听音乐边复习功课并非明智之举:因为背景音乐会降低你完成与记忆力相关的任务的能力。
Study participants were asked to recall a list of eight consonants in the order they were presented. They did this while in five different sound environments: quiet surroundings; music they liked; music they disliked; changing state (a sequence of random digits); and steady state (a sequence of steady digits such as “3, 3, 3, 3”).
参与调查者听到8 个辅音字母,他们必须按照播放顺序进行复述。他们听的时候,分别处在5 种不同的背景声音中:安静环境、喜欢的背景音乐、不喜欢的背景音乐、数字不断变化的响声,数字不变的响声(例如:3,3,3,3)。
The participants’ recall ability was poorest when listening to music, regardless of whether they liked or disliked it, and in changing-state conditions. The most accurate recall occurred when participants performed the task in steady-state environments, according to the study published online in the journal Applied Cognitive Psychology.
结果显示,无论他们喜欢还是不喜欢背景音乐,在播放音乐和数字不断变化的声音环境里,被调查者的记忆力都最差。该研究发现刊登在《应用认知心理学》上,研究指出人在安静环境下记忆力最好。
“ The poorer performance of the music and changing-state sounds are due to the acoustical variation within those environments. This impairs the ability to recall the order of items, via rehearsal, within the presented list, ” explained lead researcher Nick Perham, a lecturer in the School of Psychology at the University of Wales Institute in Cardiff, in a news release from the journal’s publisher.
威尔士大学卡地夫学院的首席研究员尼克·珀罕在该期刊的新闻发布会上说:“音乐与不断变化的声音影响了人们的表现,这是因为那些环境声音变化会影响人们复述测试内容的能力。”
“Mental arithmetic also requires the ability to retain order information in the short-term via rehearsal, and may be similarly affected by their performance in the presence of changing-state, background environments,” he added.
“心算也需要通过练习在短时间内记住信息的顺序,因此也可能受到背景环境的影响,”珀罕补充道。
When performing a challenging mental task, do it in silence, Perham recommended.
珀罕建议人们应该找一个安静的环境来完成一项具有挑战性的脑力劳动。
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Military service is notoriously rough on a service member ’s mental health. According to some estimates, 30 percent of service members develop some type of mental health issue within four months of returning home after deployment.
当兵对个人的心理健康会造成重大的负面影响。据估计,百分之三十的服兵役的人在退伍回家之后的四个月内会或多或少出现一些心理疾病。
The military is spending more money than ever to address mental health issues within the ranks, and their latest attempt is a smart phone application called the T2 MoodTracker application, which helps service members keep track of their mental health after deployments.
部队现在正花大代价来解决军人们的心理健康问题。他们最新推出了一个叫做T2 情绪追踪器的智能手机应用软件,这个软件可以帮助退伍士兵时刻关注自己的心理健康问题。
The app works like a high-tech diary, allowing users to express emotions and behaviors that result from therapy, medication, daily experiences or changes happening at work or in the home.
这个软件就好像是一本高科技日记,使用者可以把他们接受心理治疗使用药物之后的情感和行为记录下来,也可以记录他们在工作和生活中经历的一些事情。
The smart phone app isn ’t supposed to be a pocket therapist, though. It serves more as an extremely accurate and timely record of a service member’s mental health.
这款软件并不能被当做一个“随身携带的医生”。它只是用来及时而准确地记录退伍老兵的心理健康。
Perry Bosmajian is a psychologist with the National Center for TeleHealth and Technology, where this smart phone app was created. He says this smart phone app will yield much more accurate results on the psychological conditions of service members who have returned home.
皮埃尔·博斯马吉安是这款软件的设计者,他在国家远程卫生和技术中心工作。他说这款软件能够详细记录下退伍士兵的心理健康状况。
“Therapists and physicians often have to rely on patient recall when trying to gather information about symptoms over the previous weeks or months,” Bosmajian said. “Research has shown that information collected after the fact, especially about mood, tends to be inaccurate. The best record of an experience is when it’s recorded at the time and place it happens.”
“治疗师和医生都必须依靠病人的描述来获取信息,判断他们前几个星期或者前几个月里出现的一些症状”,博斯马吉安说,“这些依靠回忆获得的信息往往是不可靠的,特别是关于情绪的回忆。最好的办法就是在情绪发生的时候将它准确地记录下来。”
The app specifically tracks anxiety, depression, general well-being, life stress, post traumatic stress and brain injury. The daily expressions add up over time to produce a trend that can be observed by physicians and therapists.
这款软件能够详细记录下使用者的焦虑,抑郁,幸福感,生活的压力,创伤后的压力和脑部损伤。这些每天记录下来的信息日积月累就可以形成一条曲线,治疗师和医生可以参考这条曲线所反映的心理趋势。
The app has been downloaded more than 5,000 times since it became available on the Android Market a year ago. The app should be available for iPhone users some time next year.
这款软件一年前在Android 市场上发布以来,已经被下载了5000 次。明年也许就可以在iPhone 上使用了。
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备考考研英语,最重要就是提高英语阅读能力,下面读文网小编为大家带来考研英语双语美文阅读,希望大家喜欢!
Learning to play a musical instrument can change your brain, with a US review finding music training can lead to improved speech and foreign language skills.
掌握一门乐器能够使大脑发生变化。这是美国的一项最新研究发现,通过音乐训练还能够提高演讲和外语水平。
Although it has been suggested in the past that listening to Mozart or other classical music could make you smarter, there has been little evidence to show that music boosts brain power.
尽管过去就有人提到过听莫扎特或其他古典音乐可以让人变得更聪明,但是并没有足够的证据证明音乐能提高人的智商。
But a data-driven review by Northwestern University has pulled together research that links musical training to learning that spills over into skills including language, speech, memory, attention and even vocal emotion.
如今,美国西北大学的一项研究从数据出发,分析探讨了音乐训练对语言、演讲、记忆力、注意力甚至感情表达等能力的影响。
Researcher Nina Kraus said the data strongly suggested that the neural connections made during musical training also enhanced the brain for other aspects of human communication.
据研究人员妮娜·克劳斯介绍,他们的研究数据充分表明,音乐训练过程中所产生的神经元连接能增强大脑在人际沟通等方面的能力。
“ The effect of music training suggests that, akin to physical exercise and its impact on body fitness, music is a resource that tones the brain for auditory fitness and thus requires society to re-examine the role of music in shaping individual development,”the researchers said in their study.
在研究报告中,这些研究人员这样说道:“与体育锻炼对身体健康的影响一样,音乐能够增强大脑活力,增强听觉的敏锐度。所以我们有必要重视音乐在个人发展中所起的作用。”
Kraus said learning musical sounds could enhance the brain’s ability to adapt and change and also enable the nervous system to provide a scaffolding of patterns that are important to learning.
克劳斯还说,学习声乐能够提高大脑的应变能力,也可以帮助神经系统建立起一个有利于学习的架构。
The study, published in Nature Reviews Neuroscience, looked at the explosion of research in recent years focused on the effects of music training on the nervous system which could have strong implications for education.
该成果发表于《神经系统科学自然评论》上,对近几年该领域内的最新研究进行了回顾和分析。这些研究主要关注的是音乐训练对神经系统的影响及其可能会对教育产生的潜在影响。
The study found that playing an instrument primes the brain to choose what is relevant in a complex process that may involve reading or remembering a score, timing issues and coordination with other musicians.
研究发现,演奏乐器能帮助提升大脑从各种复杂的过程中分辨出有价值信息的能力,这一复杂的过程可能包括看谱、记谱,计时或与其他乐师配合等。
“A musician’s brain selectively enhances information-bearing elements in sound,” Kraus said in a statement. “In a beautiful interrelationship between sensory and cognitive processes, the nervous system makes associations between complex sounds and what they mean.”
克劳斯在一项声明中说:“音乐家的大脑能够有选择性地从声音中分辨出载有信息的元素。在感觉和认知的不断交互和融合中,神经系统能把复杂的声音和它们所表达的意思联系起来。”
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英语阅读能力是学习英语的重要能力,也是考研英语重要考察的能力之一,下面读文网小编为大家带来考研英语阅读美文精选,希望对你有所帮助!
At 32, singer and actor Park Yong-ha was riding high on the‘Korean Wave’that has swept across Asia ’s entertainmentindustry. He rose to fame in 2002 on the pan-Asian television hit‘Winter Sonata’and was set to take his career to new heights this summer with a starring role alongside fellow Yoon Eun-hye in the much-anticipated television drama‘Love Song.’A Japanese concert tour was due to kick off later this month.
32 岁的歌手兼演员朴龙河曾在横扫亚洲娱乐圈的“韩流”中乘风破浪。2002 年他出演了韩剧《冬季恋歌》,这部电视剧在亚洲走红,朴龙河也因此成名。他原定于今年夏天与一线明星尹恩惠一同出演备受期待的连续剧《恋歌》,这一角色会把他的事业推向新的高峰。日本的巡回演唱会原本也将于七月底开演。
But on June 30th, the actor who appeared to have the world at his feet was found dead in his apartment by his mother, apparently having killed himself.
然而在6 月30 日这一天,这位看起来正处在人生巅峰状态的男演员却被发现死在家中,很明显是自杀。
His death shocked fans, and marked the latest in a series of suicides by famous South Koreans.
他的死让大批粉丝震惊,亦是一系列韩国名流自杀事件中最新的一起。
These deaths are representatives of a wider turmoil in South Korea. In 2009, South Korea had the highest suicide rate among the 31 mostly wealthy nations in OECD, at around 22 deaths per 100,000 people (compared with around 18 in 100,000 for the OECD as a whole.)
这些名人的自杀事件只是韩国整个国家高自杀率的一个缩影。韩国2009年的自杀率在经合组织(OECD)31 个发达国家中是最高的,每10 万人中就有约22 人自杀(OECD 的整体水平为每10 万人有18 人自杀)。
The OECD report attributes the rise of suicide to a fast-changing economy over the decades. Lee Min-soo, professor of psychiatry at Korea University College of Medicine, supports this view.
OECD 在报告中将韩国的高自杀率升高归咎于快速转型的经济。高丽大学医学院的精神病学教授李民勋同意这一观点。
In the past decades, South Korea has embarked on a process of political and commercial freedom and high-tech industrialization that has made it one of the wealthiest countries in the world. But at the same time as this‘economic miracle ’ has swept the country to greater riches, many traditional social structures have broken down, with smaller families, rising house prices, the end of lifelong employment, fierce competition for the best jobs and rising alcoholism.‘It is the price we pay for such unsustainable fast economic development, ’says Dr. Lee.
在过去的几十年里,韩国开始了政治自由化、经济自由化、高科技产业化的进程,这使得韩国在短短的几十年间成为了世界上最富裕的国家之一。就在“经济奇迹”给韩国积聚了大量财富的同时,传统社会结构纷纷被瓦解,带来了诸如家庭规模缩小、房价上涨、终生就业终结、职场竞争激烈、酗酒问题严重等问题。李民勋说,这就是我们为这种不可持续的高速发展所付出的代价。
Dr. Lee also points to the heavily publicized suicides of South Korean celebrities as a possible factor in the high suicide rate overall. A link is hard to prove, says Dr. Lee-but‘the extensive coverage and detailed reporting on how people kill themselves is worrying.’
李博士还指出,媒体对韩国明星自杀事件的过度渲染也可能是导致总体自杀率偏高的原因。他说,虽然很难去验证这两者之间的关系,但是铺天盖地的关于自杀的报导的确令人担忧。
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在全国硕士研究生入学英语考试中,阅读理解试题在整个试卷中占很大比重,其重要程度不言而喻。想要提高英语阅读能力,最好的办法就是多看多练。为了提高大家的阅读水平,下面是读文网小编为大家带来考研英语阅读经典美文,希望大家喜欢!
Learning to play a musical instrument can change your brain, with a US review finding music training can lead to improved speech and foreign language skills.
掌握一门乐器能够使大脑发生变化。这是美国的一项最新研究发现,通过音乐训练还能够提高演讲和外语水平。
Although it has been suggested in the past that listening to Mozart or other classical music could make you smarter, there has been little evidence to show that music boosts brain power.
尽管过去就有人提到过听莫扎特或其他古典音乐可以让人变得更聪明,但是并没有足够的证据证明音乐能提高人的智商。
But a data-driven review by Northwestern University has pulled together research that links musical training to learning that spills over into skills including language, speech, memory, attention and even vocal emotion.
如今,美国西北大学的一项研究从数据出发,分析探讨了音乐训练对语言、演讲、记忆力、注意力甚至感情表达等能力的影响。
Researcher Nina Kraus said the data strongly suggested that the neural connections made during musical training also enhanced the brain for other aspects of human communication.
据研究人员妮娜·克劳斯介绍,他们的研究数据充分表明,音乐训练过程中所产生的神经元连接能增强大脑在人际沟通等方面的能力。
“ The effect of music training suggests that, akin to physical exercise and its impact on body fitness, music is a resource that tones the brain for auditory fitness and thus requires society to re-examine the role of music in shaping individual development,”the researchers said in their study.
在研究报告中,这些研究人员这样说道:“与体育锻炼对身体健康的影响一样,音乐能够增强大脑活力,增强听觉的敏锐度。所以我们有必要重视音乐在个人发展中所起的作用。”
Kraus said learning musical sounds could enhance the brain’s ability to adapt and change and also enable the nervous system to provide a scaffolding of patterns that are important to learning.
克劳斯还说,学习声乐能够提高大脑的应变能力,也可以帮助神经系统建立起一个有利于学习的架构。
The study, published in Nature Reviews Neuroscience, looked at the explosion of research in recent years focused on the effects of music training on the nervous system which could have strong implications for education.
该成果发表于《神经系统科学自然评论》上,对近几年该领域内的最新研究进行了回顾和分析。这些研究主要关注的是音乐训练对神经系统的影响及其可能会对教育产生的潜在影响。
The study found that playing an instrument primes the brain to choose what is relevant in a complex process that may involve reading or remembering a score, timing issues and coordination with other musicians.
研究发现,演奏乐器能帮助提升大脑从各种复杂的过程中分辨出有价值信息的能力,这一复杂的过程可能包括看谱、记谱,计时或与其他乐师配合等。
“A musician’s brain selectively enhances information-bearing elements in sound,” Kraus said in a statement. “In a beautiful interrelationship between sensory and cognitive processes, the nervous system makes associations between complex sounds and what they mean.”
克劳斯在一项声明中说:“音乐家的大脑能够有选择性地从声音中分辨出载有信息的元素。在感觉和认知的不断交互和融合中,神经系统能把复杂的声音和它们所表达的意思联系起来。”
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在全国硕士研究生入学英语考试中,阅读理解试题在整个试卷中占很大比重,其重要程度不言而喻。想要提高英语阅读能力,最好的办法就是多看多练。为了提高大家的阅读水平,下面是读文网小编为大家带来考研英语阅读美文欣赏,希望大家喜欢!
A study suggests that a woman’s blood group could influence her chances of getting pregnant.
一项研究显示,女性的血型可能会影响她受孕的机会。
Researchers who tested a group of women seeking fertility treatment found those with the blood type O appeared to have a lower egg count and poorer egg quality than others. By contrast those with blood type A seemed to have more and better quality eggs.
研究人员对正在寻求生育治疗的一组妇女进行研究,发现"O型血"妇女的卵子数量要比其他血型的妇女要少,而且质量也不如其他血型妇女。相反,"A型血"妇女似乎有更多、质量更好的卵子。
The findings could lead to women with type O blood being advised to try for a baby earlier, but experts said more research was needed before such a step was taken.
这一发现可能会帮助"O型血"妇女接受建议,尝试更多办法,更早的怀上小孩。但是专家说在采取这样的方式之前,还需进行更多的研究。
The lead author, Dr Edward Nejat, of the department of obstetrics and gynaecology at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, said his findings were based on women having fertilitytreatment at the Yale University and the Montefiore Institute in New York.
研究领导者、纽约阿尔波特?爱因斯坦医学院妇产科系爱德华?奈加特教授说,他的调查是对正在耶鲁大学和纽约蒙特菲奥里研究所接受生育治疗的妇女进行研究而来的。
The study of 560 women, whose average age was just under 35, found that those with blood type O were more likely to have higher levels of “follicle stimulating hormone” (FSH) than those with type A.
接受调查研究的560位女性平均年龄在35岁以下,研究发现"O型血"妇女的卵泡刺激素(FSH)的数值比"A型血"妇女要高。
Fertility experts regard a high FSH level as a key indicator of having a low egg count. FSH is produced by the body to stimulate the follicles in the ovaries that produce eggs.
生育专家将卵泡刺激素的数值作为重要指标来衡量女性体内卵子数量,数值高则卵子数量少。卵泡刺激素由体内产生,以刺激卵巢中的卵泡产生卵子。
As a woman’s ovaries run out of eggs in her 30s and 40s, production therefore has to be stepped up to encourage more eggs. The presence of high levels of FSH indicates lower numbers of eggs.
处于30岁到40岁之间的女性,她们的卵巢可能就不再产生卵子,所以需要通过(其他方法刺激)让其产生更多卵子。高数值卵泡刺激素则意味着更少的卵子。
The study found that women with blood type O were twice as likely to have an FSH level above 10 as those in any other blood group.
研究发现,"O型血"妇女体内的卵泡刺激素数值很可能是其他血型妇女的两倍,数值在10以上。
People with blood group A carry the A antigen, a protein on the cell surface, that is absent in people with O type.
"A型血"人群体内携带A血型抗原、一种细胞表面的蛋白质,这种蛋白质在"O型血"人群中是没有的。
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在全国硕士研究生入学英语考试中,阅读理解试题在整个试卷中占很大比重,其重要程度不言而喻。想要提高英语阅读能力,最好的办法就是多看多练。为了提高大家的阅读水平,下面是读文网小编为大家带来考研英语阅读经典美文双语,希望大家喜欢!
The US trade deficit soared in August as surging Chinese imports worsened global economic imbalances and stoked rising American anger with China’s exchange rate policy.
美国8 月份贸易逆差猛增。美国认为从中国的进口激增加剧了全球经济的失衡,引发美国对中国汇率政策的愤怒。
The data, published on Thursday, come ahead of Friday’s release deadline for the US Treasury’s twice-yearly report on exchange rates, in which it has to decide whether or not formally to name China as a currency manipulator. Despite congressional pressure, the Treasury has so far refrained from using the label, arguing that it makes no practical difference to relations with Beijing.
这一数据是周四发布的。星期五美国财政部就要发表一年两度的汇率报告,在报告中财政部必须决定是否要将中国正式列为汇率操纵国。尽管国会施加了压力,但财政部一直避免使用“贸易操纵国”这一说法,称这么做对美中关系没有实质性的好处。
The figures released by the commerce department showed the deficit in goods and services widening by 8.7 per cent to $46.3bn. That figure was the second highest gap of the year, exceeding economists’ expectations. The rise was driven by US businesses stocking up on consumer goods and cars at the end of summer.
美国商务部发布的数据显示,商品和服务贸易逆差扩大了8.7%,升至463亿美元。这是今年出现的第二大逆差,数额之大超出了经济学家的预想。美国企业在夏末增加了消费品和汽车的库存,这是逆差上升的原因。
Exports ticked up by 0.22 per cent to $153.8bn, the highest level in two years, but were outstripped by imports, which jumped by 2.1 per cent to $200.2bn.
美国的对外出口也有小幅度的增加,上浮0.22 个百分点,至1538 亿美元,创两年来出口额的最高水平。但出口增幅明显不如进口,进口增加2.1%,至2002 亿美元。
“The structural US trade deficit continues to persist on the lack of Chinese demand for US exports,”said Michael Woolfolk, analyst, BNY Mellon Global Markets.
纽约银行梅隆全球市场分析师迈克尔·伍尔福克表示,“如果中国对美国出口缺乏需求,美国的结构性贸易逆差将持续存在。”
In August, imports from China rose by 6.1 per cent to a record $35.3bn. That left a US trade shortfallwith its most politically sensitive trading partner at a record $28bn at a time when the US is intensifying its scrutiny of China for creating trade imbalances by undervaluing the renminbi.
8 月份,美国从中国的进口增加6.1%,达353 亿美元,这是个创纪录的数字,使美国与中国这对政治上最敏感的贸易伙伴的逆差额飙升至史无前例的280 亿美元。美国一直以来都在关注因中国不愿让人民币升值而造成的贸易失衡。
Economists expect imports to the US to cool as the end of the year nears because consumer demand remains tepid. Ian Shepherdson, chief US economist at High Frequency Economics, notes that much of the expansion of the deficit in August was due to rising oil prices and a drop in aircraft orders.
经济学家预测,由于消费者需求萎靡不振,美国的进口额将会在年底降温。高频经济学的首席美国经济学家伊恩·谢泼德森指出,8 月份贸易逆差的扩大很大程度上是由于油价上升和飞机订单下降。
The US deficit with China accounts for about half of its shortfall with the rest of the world. US deficits with the European Union, Canada and Japan also widened in August.
美国对华贸易逆差占美国对全球其他所有国家贸易逆差总额的大约一半。8月份,美国对欧盟、加拿大和日本的贸易逆差也有所扩大。
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多阅读一些优美英文阅读,对于我们英语阅读能力的提高会有所帮助,今天读文网小编在这里为大家分享一些考研英语经典美文阅读,希望大家会喜欢这些英语美文!
People who enjoy a dream-filled sleep are significantly better at recalling information and making links between facts when they wake, scientists found.
科学家发现,睡觉爱做梦的人在他们醒着的时候记忆力和关联事物的能力都会显著增强。
But recharging with a shallow nap offers no such mental boost, the research suggests.
该研究同时也声明仅仅是打个小盹就不会产生如此神奇的功效。
The results of the study add to the growing body of evidence that Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep is crucial to the brain’s ability to lay down and consolidate memories.
这一研究印证了先前大量证据已经证明了的一个观点,那就是快速眼动睡眠(REM)阶段对大脑巩固记忆的能力至关重要。
An average night’s repose includes four or five spells of REM sleep, but these bursts tend to be lengthier towards the end of the night.
在夜间睡眠过程中,通常会有四到五个周期的REM 阶段。直到天亮之前,REM 间隔周期呈逐渐延长的趋势。
This means that adults who get less than the recommended seven to eight hours a night-and therefore insufficient REM sleep-may be damaging their mind’s ability to form strong memories.
这就意味着,睡眠时间不足7-8 小时标准睡眠时间的成年人无法保障充分的REM 睡眠时间,因此他们形成牢固记忆的能力有可能会受损。
Although REM sleep is not classified as a type of deep sleep, it is only reached after the brain has passed through deep sleep stages.
REM 睡眠并不属于深度睡眠的范畴,只有在经过深度睡眠后,大脑才能进入REM 睡眠阶段。
Scientists have been working on connections between sleep, dreams and brain activity since the REM state was first identified in 1953 by US researchers.
自1953 年美国研究人员首次确认REM 睡眠状态以来,科学家一直致力于研究睡眠、梦境以及大脑活动三者之间的关联。
They found that people woken while their closed eyes made jerking movements recalled much more colorful and elaborate dreams than people woken during other stages of sleep.
他们发现从REM 状态中醒来的人,相对那些从其他睡眠状态中醒来的人来说,更善于记住丰富多彩的梦境的细节。
It is now believed that sleep acts as a sort of mental filing system, enabling the brain to sort relevant information that needs to be retained from useless information which can be discarded.This process may take place as memories are shifted from one part of the brain to others.
现在人们相信,睡眠过程就好比是在大脑内部进行文案整理工作。随着储存的记忆在大脑中进行位置转移,大脑从而对相关信息进行区分——摒弃无用信息,保留有用信息。
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在全国硕士研究生入学英语考试中,阅读理解试题在整个试卷中占很大比重,其重要程度不言而喻。想要提高英语阅读能力,最好的办法就是多看多练。为了提高大家的阅读水平,下面是读文网小编为大家带来考研英语美文阅读欣赏,希望大家喜欢!
Humans are not the only species to prefer to use their right hand-chimpanzees also share the trait, according to a new study by Spanish scientists.
根据西班牙科学家的一项最新研究显示,人类并不是唯一偏好用右手的物种,大猩猩和人类一样具备这个特点。
The researchers reached their findings, published in the latest edition of the American Journal of Primatology, after observing 114 chimpanzees from two primate rescue centers, one in Spain and the other in Zambia.
这项最新研究发表在美国期刊《灵长类动物学》上。科学家们是通过对两个灵长类动物救助中心里的114 只大猩猩进行观察而得出这一结论的。这两个救助中心一个在西班牙,一个在赞比亚。
The primates were provided with food hidden inside tubes and the scientists monitored them to see which hand they used to get at it, either their fingers or with the help of tools.
科学家在大猩猩面前放了一个管子,管子内藏着食物。研究者就是想观察大猩猩到底是用哪知手取出食物,不管是用手指还是借助工具。
“The chimpanzees showed a preferential use of the right hand to get the food from the tube,” the Catalan Institute of Human Palaeoecology and Social Evolution, which coordinated the study, said in a statement. “This feature had traditionally been considered exclusively human and had been believed to be caused by asymmetries observed in the human brain that are related to the realization of complicated activities that require the use and coordination of both hands.”
大猩猩偏好用右手取食物,” 协助这项研究的加泰隆尼亚古生态学和社会发展研究所在报告中称。“使用右手一直以来被认为是人类独有的特点,这个特点是由于人类左右脑发展不平衡造成的。人类为了完成复杂的活动,往往需要两手并用。”
The study also found that female chimpanzees, like their human counterparts, are more likely to be right-handed than males.
这项研究还发现,母猩猩同人类女性一样,比起他们的另一半来说更偏好用右手。
The researchers said this suggests “that just like in our species, there are shared biological factors, genetic and hormonal, that modulate the functioning of our brain.”
这项研究表明,“就像在人类内不一样,物种之间也存在共同的生理基因和荷尔蒙特征,这些特征控制着我们的大脑。”
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在全国硕士研究生入学英语考试中,阅读理解试题在整个试卷中占很大比重,其重要程度不言而喻。想要提高英语阅读能力,最好的办法就是多看多练。为了提高大家的阅读水平,下面是读文网小编为大家带来考研英语阅读优秀美文欣赏,希望大家喜欢!
City planners and citizens alike frequently push for better public transportation. They argue that it can lessen traffic and reduce emissions from cars. Now there’s a new reason to be gung-ho about public transit — it helps make people skinnier. That’s according to a study published in the August issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine.
城市规划者和市民都迫切地希望改善城市的公共交通。他们认为这能减轻交通负担,减少汽车尾气排放。如今,《美国预防医学杂志》八月刊上发表的一篇报告,又为改善公共交通增添了一条理由,那就是挤公交能瘦身。
Researchers surveyed communities in Charlotte, North Carolina. One survey was done before the city had finished building a new light rail system, and the second was done from 12 to 18 months after the rail’s completion. They asked about the residents’ level of physical activity, body mass and use of public transportation before and after the light rail.
研究人员在北卡罗来纳州夏洛特的社区内进行了调查。在夏洛特市建成新的轻轨之前做了一份调查,接着在轻轨建成后的12 至18 个月内又进行了一份调查。他们询问了市民在轻轨建成前后的身体状况和体重。
Turns out that people who started using light rail to commute had a significant average weight loss over that time —equivalent to about six and a half pounds for a five-foot-five person. The users were also 81 percent less likely to become obese over the time scale surveyed.
结果表明,随着时间推移,使用轻轨通勤的人的平均体重有了明显的下降——一个身高5 英尺5 英寸的人减掉约6.5 磅的体重。使用公共交通工具的人们患上肥胖症的几率降低了81%。
The researchers say that an environment based on mass transit influences health, because rail users are get walking to and from stops. And since illness is costly, here’s another way public transit saves money.exercise
研究人员表示使用公共交通能够对人的健康产生影响,因为坐轻轨的乘客在来回步行去车站的时间里就得到了锻炼。由于现在的医疗费用很高,可以说,公共交通系统是在变相地替大家省钱了。
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阅读理解是考研英语的重中之重,与四六级对阅读速度的侧重有所不同,考研英语阅读理解更多地是考查精读能力。因此,把文章读透吃透很重要,同时在做题过程中要拿捏好分寸,在判断正确选项时做到不偏不倚,客观、准确、公正。这才是做好2016考研英语阅读理解的正确之道。
很多同学认为只要能够掌握词汇,语法就能看懂文章,再加上对于题目的正确理解,解题方法的掌握,拿下阅读自然不在话下。其实如此看是很片面的。
从宏观上来看,要“得”阅读,首先要能看懂文章,其次要能做对题目。就看懂文章来说,单词认识了,语法学会了,只意味着能看懂长难句了。而一篇 文章,绝不仅仅是句子的叠加。更何况,我们很少有同学真的能够看懂文章中的每一句话。事实上,对于做对题目来说,也不需要百分百把握文章中的每一个信息。 在一篇400字左右的文章中,一定有些内容是重要的,是对于做对题目十分关键的,有些内容是不重要的,与答题无关,或者关联不大。这是必然的。
那么我们该如何确定哪些内容是重要的,哪些是不重要的呢?这些判断有什么样的依据呢?从操作层面上来说,我们该如何操作呢?跨考教育英语教研室刘正锋老师就考研阅读中读什么,不读什么给大家进行简明的讲解。
理论基础
考研阅读的真题都来自于诸如 The Economists, Scientific American, New York Times, The Gardian 等西方主流的报刊杂志。这些杂志上刊登的文章通常是关于社会生活,政治经济、科教文卫方面的比较科学,严谨的文章。而文章的体裁通常以议论文居多。一篇议 论文通常是有论点和论据构成的。论点是作者想要论述的观点,论据是为了证明所提出的观点的。
一篇文章中,哪些是论点,哪些是论据,我们必须要有清晰的认识。从重要性上来说,论点的的重要性远远大于论据。所以对于我们读文章来说,显然论点是重要的的,需要重点读的,而论据是次要的,可以略读或者不读的。
操作方式
那么,如何去判断哪些是论点,哪些是论据呢?从位置上来说,文章论点常常的文章开头的第一或第二段提出,段落论点常常的段首句或转折句,极个别 的情况下出现在段尾句。从句子长度来说通常论点的句子比较简短。论据常常是一些举例或者引用的东西,往往还有一些时间,数据,人名,地名,机构名词之类特 别具体的信息。
更具体的来说,文章中需要重点精读的内容为:段首句,转折句,根据题干定位的句子。
可以略读或者不读的内容包括:
有关职务、头衔、社会地位等补充性说明;通常这些信息是出现在人名,机构名词之后的定语或同位语。
② 两个逗号之间或两个破折号之间的插入语;
③句中破折号、冒号后面的旁支信息;
④复杂的难句中除了主、谓、宾以外的其他辅助信息;(除非与解题有关)
⑤出现for example/instance, 大写字母、数字等信息的内容
⑥对名人言论的引用的具体内容
实例分析
以1997年阅读理解第三篇文章为例,我们把可以略读的内容用下划线标示出来,那么结果如下:
Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes,” makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel。
Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s。
It is also less than most forecasters had predicted. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that America’s inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America。
Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America’s, have little productive slack. America’s capacity utilization, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment -- the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past。
Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have up-ended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation。
这样,我们的阅读量就大大减少了,而且根据这些剩余的内容,文章后面的题目,出来极个别的细节题,基本答案都可以毫不费力的做出来了,同学们不妨一试。
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考研是一项脑力活儿,每天坐在自习室里应对各门学科的复习备战,不知要杀死多少脑细胞。对于有些学科来说,发散型思维很重要,比如政治和专业课, 各部分知识之间融会贯通,需要联系记忆。但对于英语来说,发散型思维却很危险,因为它考察的知识点和考察方式都很“精准”,尤其是在占得分比重最高的阅读 理解部分。要提醒2016考研的小伙伴们,做阅读理解切忌“脑洞大开”哦!
小编建议大家一定要遵从基础阶段阅读复习的三步走战略:第一、分析文章;第二、规范做题思路;第三分析命题特点。
第一、分析阅读文章
我们在独立复习的过程中,首先要按照考试时间要求做完一篇文章,以培养正确的阅读
习惯。然后就要对文章内容进行仔细的分析学习,标记生词,深入分析理解长难句,可以借助译文,对全篇文章内容有一个清楚的把握。总之要做到,文章中无生词无难句。
第二、规范做题思路
文章解析之后,还要规范做题思路,(即:依据题干定位,然后回原文做出判断。)把自己的做题思路“代入”到文章中去,深入的思考,比如:出题人 为什么会在这个地方出题目而不在其他地方出题目?一般出题的位置都是文章中较重要的位置,像是与主旨有关的地方,与观点有关的句子,及转折处等,都是经常 出题的点。
第三、分析命题特点
在明确做题思路之后,还需要分析正确选项的特点及错误选项的特点。一般而言,正确选项无非是原文的同义转述,或总结概括,或正话反说。来看一道2000年真题:
If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf。
27.It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if________。
[A] its returns well compensate for the sacrifices
[B] it is rewarded with money, fame and power
[C] its goals are spiritual rather than material
[D] it is shared by the rich and the famous
题干问“在什么条件下,野心才能被正确看待?”,而原文给的是“野心要想被正确看待,就必须怎样”,从而确定答案的出处就在后边这句话中the rewards of ambition must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices. 而[A]选项即为原句的同意转述。选出正确选项之后,还要对错误选项进行分析,你会很惊奇的发现:原来每个错误选项的设置都是这么的相似!无外乎偷换概 念,范围不当,比较错误,抑或无中生有。待以后再见到类似错误选项的时候你就能看出它的错误“本性”了。
严格按照三步走的复习方法,切实提高阅读理解的能力,才能最终取得不错的成绩。
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在全国硕士研究生入学英语考试中,阅读理解试题在整个试卷中占很大比重,其重要程度不言而喻。想要提高英语阅读能力,最好的办法就是多看多练。为了提高大家的阅读水平,下面是读文网小编为大家带来考研英语阅读精美时文,希望大家喜欢!
Teenagers on social networking site Bebo have created a secret language to stop adults knowing what they are up to, researchers say. Youngsters are using slang words to keep parents and employers in the dark about their social activities such as partying and drinking.
研究人员表示,青少年在社交网站Bebo 上创造出了一种秘密语言,只有他们自己能看懂这种语言,大人却搞不懂。青少年创造出这些新的俚语,是为了不让父母和雇主知道他们举办的一些活动,例如聚会和喝酒。
Instead of writing they are drunk, teens post “ Getting MWI ” -or mad with it. Being in a relationship is known as “taken” or “Ownageeee”, and “ Ridneck ” , a corruption of redneck, means to feel embarrassed. Meanwhile, girls posting “Legal” are indicating that they are above 16 and legally allowed to have sex.
如果想说喝醉了,青少年不会直接说"getting drunk",而是说"getting MWI",或者"mad with it"。如果要表述自己正在谈恋爱,青少年会用"taken","ownageeee"这两个词。而"ridneck"则是故意用来替代"redneck",用来表达感到困窘或难堪。如果有女孩子以"legal"来描述自己的状况,意思是说她已经年满16 岁,可以合法进行性行为。
Lisa Whittaker, a postgraduate student at the University of Stirling, who studied teens aged 16-18 in Scotland, said the slang had been created to keep their activities private, and cited the example of one young girl who was sacked after bosses found pictures of her drinking on the website. She said: “ Young people often distort the languages they use by making the pages difficult for those unfamiliar with the distortions and colloquialisms.The language used on Bebo seems to go beyondabbreviations that are commonly used in text messaging, such as removing all the vowels. This is not just bad spelling, but a deliberate attempt to creatively misspell words. By doing this they are able to communicate with their in-group and conceal the content from the out-group.”
斯特灵大学的研究生丽莎·惠特克对爱尔兰16 至18 岁的青少年进行了研究。她表示,现在的青少年创造这种新的秘密语言是为了保护自己网上活动的隐私,曾经有一个年轻女孩在社交网站上张贴自己喝酒的照片而被雇主开除,所以。她说,“青少年扭曲语言的用法,这使得不熟悉这种语言的人在看到这些扭曲了的词汇或口语表达时丈二和尚摸不着头脑。”“Bebo 网站上的这些新词已经不再是以前常出现在短信里面的缩写词,比如略去原音字母的词。”“这些新词并不是拼写错误,而是刻意的,创造性的误拼。”“使用这些新词,青少年可以和自己团体里面的人交流,非自己团体里面的人就看不懂。”
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大家在做四六级阅读的时候肯定深有感触,整套题做下来像是一场幻觉,稀里糊涂的就做完了,几乎都是凭感觉做完的,没有凭据,即使做对了心里也没 底,所以每次考完试就是听天由命的感觉,祈祷着这次能幸运些多蒙对几个。考研英语阅读难度远远在四级六级考试之上,如果在复习中没有一定的规划,没有采用 科学的复习方法,以及不及时的掌握一套科学的做题发法,真正到考试的时候很难取得理想的成绩。
对于英语来说,发散型思维却很危险,因为它考察的知识点和考察方式都很“精准”,尤其是在占得分比重最高的阅读 理解部分。要提醒2016考研的小伙伴们,做阅读理解切忌“脑洞大开”哦!
答案都在文中
总结英语阅读理解的考题题型不难发现,大部分考察的都是细节,即对文中某一段、某一句话、甚至某一个单词和短语的理解,同时也考主旨,即对整篇 文章主旨大意的理解。不管是哪种考察方式,都讲究一个“准”字,也就是说,所谓的理解,都是建立在忠实于原文的基础之上的,既不会很浅显,也不会过分延 伸。要想理解的精准,就必须要回到原文,答案都在文章中。正确的答案虽然不是照搬原文,但也一般是原文的另一种表达方式,不会有很大的偏差或延伸。因此, 做阅读理解过程中,一定不要“脑洞大开”,天马行空地想当然,任性地做出主观臆断,老老实实回到文章中去找答案才是正解。
带着问题读文章
由于考场上时间有限,而阅读又是一项需要深耕细作的精细活儿,要想正确快速地理解文章,有时需要一些技巧。建议2016考研的小伙伴,做阅读理 解之前先把问题快速浏览一遍,这样能对文章要讲的内容大致有了一个了解,同时又知道了问题是在问什么,然后带着这些问题去读文章,在阅读到考点所在的部位 时,就能快速敏感地做出应答。不仅答题速度能提升,准确率也有保证。
巧用定位法
有时我们需要借助一些方法来快速精准地在原文中找到考察点。一般来说,一篇文章中,考点的分布是有规律可循的。比如说,考点和题目对应的顺序一 般是一致的,比如第一题的考点出现在了第二段,那么第二题的考点出现的第一段的可能性就不太大,往往是在第二段之后。当然,主旨考察题例外,它需要你读完 文章有一个整体的把握。又比如,如果题目中出现了一些比较显眼的名词或数字,寻找这些名词或数字,你也能很快在文中找到相对应的考点。再比如,文章的开 头、结尾、段落转折处、举例说明处,都是比较容易出考点的地方,阅读时可以特别留意一下。
总之,英语阅读理解是考研英语的重中之重,在做题时保持一份冷静稳重,在忠于原文的基础上做出准确理解,是抓分的不二法宝。
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在全国硕士研究生入学英语考试中,阅读理解试题在整个试卷中占很大比重,其重要程度不言而喻。想要提高英语阅读能力,最好的办法就是多看多练。为了提高大家的阅读水平,下面是读文网小编为大家带来考研英语阅读美文两篇,希望大家喜欢!
A brain chemical dubbed ‘ the hormone of love ’could encourage wallflowers to become more outgoing at social gatherings, a study shows. Now researchers have found it improves the social skills of the shy-but has little effect on those who are naturally confident. The finding could have implications for those with severe social deficiencies, often apparent in conditions like autism.
一种名叫“爱情荷尔蒙”的大脑刺激药品能够帮助害羞的人在社交场合“畅所欲言”。研究者发现,这个药品改进了害羞的人的社交技巧,但是对那些“天生自信”的人却“收效甚微”。研究发现,药品对那些患有严重的社交缺陷的人疗效明显,比如:自闭症患者。
They conducted a test of 27 healthy adult men, giving them the hormone or a placebo via a nasalspray and then asking them to perform an‘empathetic accuracy task’. This involved watching others discussing emotional moments in their lives, then rating how they felt those people were feeling. The scientists, whose research is published in Psychological Science, also measured the participants’ social competency, using a test known as AQ which is usually used in autistic patients.
研究邀请了27 名健康男性,对他们进行了针对性测试。用喷雾给他们“注射”荷尔蒙,进而观察在“强调准确性”的任务中的表现。他们观察别人谈论生活中激动人心的时刻,实验再对他们就他人身上发生的事情的感受能力打分。研究还对参与者的“社会能力”进行了测试,测试中囊括了一种叫做“逆境商数”(AQ)的测验。这种测验通常用来测试自闭症患者。
The more socially comfortable participants performed well on the empathetic accuracy task regardless of whether they were on oxytocin or placebo, but less socially proficient participants performed significantly better on oxytocin, with their empathetic accuracy performance identical to that of the socially proficient participants. Prof Jennifer Bartz, of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, said: “Oxytocin is widely believed to make all people more empathic and understanding of others. Our study contradicts that. Instead, oxytocin appears to be helpful only for those who are less socially proficient. Our data show that oxytocin selectively improves social cognition in people who are less socially proficient, but had little impact on more socially proficient individuals.”
不管有没有“催产素”,表现“自信”的人都在“同情心测试”中表现得很好,但是“不那么自信”的人的表现却显著提升,甚至到达了和“自信”的人一样的水平。西奈山医院的詹妮弗·巴茨教授说:“人们普遍认为‘催产素’能使人变得更加有同情心,更能理解别人。但是我们的研究与这种观点不同。我们认为“催产素”对那些社交能力不强的人很有效果。我们的数据显示“催产素”可以选择性地改善人们的社交认知能力,它对社交能力不强的人效果很好,但是对本身就很自信的人没有什么效果。
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