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下面读文网小编为大家带来金融双语阅读:美国警告欧盟不要给予中国市场经济地位,希望大家喜欢!
Washington has warned Brussels against granting China ‘market economy status’, saying the long-sought trade concession could hamper efforts to prevent Chinese companies flooding US and European markets with unfairly cheap goods. 华盛顿警告布鲁塞尔不要给予中国“市场经济地位”(MES),称中方长期寻求的这一贸易优惠待遇可能妨碍阻止中国企业在美欧市场倾销廉价得不公平的商品的努力。
Achieving market economy status (MES) at the World Trade Organisation is one of China’s core strategic goals. Among other benefits, it would make it far more difficult for the US or EU to impose steep tariffs on Chinese companies for unfairly dumping low-cost goods on their markets. 在世界贸易组织(WTO)取得市场经济地位是中国的核心战略目标之一。其好处包括,它将显著加大美国或欧盟针对在其市场不公平倾销廉价商品的中国企业开征高额关税的难度。
US officials have warned EU counterparts that granting Beijing MES would amount to “unilaterally disarming” Europe’s trade defences against China. In private, they are scathing about the move, which they see as the latest example of Europeans seeking to curry favour with Beijing to gain billions of euros in investment. 美国官员警告欧盟同行称,给予中国市场经济地位无异于“单方面解除”欧洲对中国的贸易防御。私底下,美国官员严厉批评此举,在他们眼里,这是欧洲人为了获得巨额投资而试图讨好北京方面的最新例证。
But the European Commission, the EU’s executive arm, is growing increasingly sympathetic to China’s pleas. The commission is expected to make its decision as early as February. 但是,欧盟执行机构——欧盟委员会(European Commission)正越来越倾向于支持中国的诉求。该机构预计最早在明年2月就会做出决定。
German chancellor Angela Merkel is supportive of the idea while George Osborne, the UK chancellor who has spearheaded Britain’s courtship of Beijing, is a firm advocate. 德国安格拉·默克尔(Angela Merkel)支持给予中国市场经济地位,而力主英国迎合中国的英国财相乔治·奥斯本(George Osborne)也坚定地支持这样做。
Other European governments, led by Italy, and a growing swell of European labour unions and traditional industries — including steel, ceramics and textiles — are strongly opposed. Partly at their prompting, senior US trade officials have repeatedly raised their concerns with their European counterparts in recent months. 以意大利为首的欧洲其他国家政府,以及越来越多的欧洲工会和传统产业(包括钢铁、陶瓷和纺织品)都强烈反对。部分在他们的敦促下,美国高级贸易官员近月来一再向欧洲同行表达自己的关切。
The debate centres on a dispute over the terms of China’s agreement of accession to the World Trade Organisation in 2001. Beijing has long interpreted the accord to mean that it would automatically be designated a market economy at the end of 2016. 这场辩论的焦点是如何解释2001年中国加入世贸组织的条款。北京方面长期以来的解读是,当时的协议意味着它将在2016年底自动取得市场经济地位。
But many trade lawyers disagree with this reading of the rules. Opponents argue that Beijing’s hand in setting prices, providing subsidies to an array of industries and other statist policies should disqualify it from MES. 但是,许多贸易律师不同意这种解读。反对者主张,北京方面插手价格制定,向多个行业提供补贴,以及施行其他计划经济式政策,应该使其没有资格获得市场经济地位。
“China was accepted into the WTO almost 15 years ago on an expectation that it would now be a market economy. It is not and it would be wrong to treat it as such when it meets so few of the criteria,” said David Martin, a British Labour member of the European Parliament, which would have to support any commission proposal for MES. “中国在近15年前被世贸组织接纳时,各方的期望是到了现在它将转型为市场经济。它不是,在它达到这么少标准的情况下给予它市场经济地位将是错误的,”欧洲议会(European Parliament)的英国工党成员戴维·马丁(David Martin)表示。欧盟委员会给予中国市场经济地位的提案将必须获得欧洲议会的支持。
The EU’s deliberations come at a particularly sensitive moment for Europe’s steel industry, which has lost a fifth of it workforce since 2009 and blames many of its woes on unfairly cheap Chinese imports. 欧盟的讨论发生在一个对欧洲钢铁行业特别敏感的时刻,自2009年以来失去了五分之一劳动力的该行业,把它的很多困境归咎于廉价得不公平的中国进口产品。
At the same time, the commission is keen to repair trade relations with China after a string of acrimonious disputes in recent years. It is seeking big Chinese investments in a ¢300bn infrastructure fund designed to rekindle flagging growth in Europe. 与此同时,在近年发生了一系列激烈纠纷后,欧盟委员会眼下热衷于修复与中国的贸易关系。它正在争取中方对一只3000亿欧元基础设施基金大笔投资,该基金旨在提振欧洲乏力的经济增长。
The commission declined to comment on its decision, which officials say is still under consideration. However, diplomats and businessmen involved in the process say momentum is building for a positive decision on MES in the first quarter of 2016. 欧盟委员会拒绝就其决定置评,官员们表示该机构仍在考虑。然而,参与这个过程的外交官和商界人士表示,目前正在形成的势头意味着,该委员会在2016年第一季度很有可能做出同意给予中国市场经济地位的决定。
“Brussels’ attitude towards China is better than Washington’s,” said Tu Xinquan, a trade expert at the University of International Business and Economics in Beijing. “Of course, EU industries won’t welcome market economy status for China. But I think it’s quite likely to be granted.” “布鲁塞尔对中国的态度比华盛顿更好,”对外经济贸易大学(University of International Business and Economics)的贸易专家屠新泉表示,“当然,欧盟的产业界不会欢迎给予中国市场经济地位。但我认为中国很有希望被授予这种地位。”
Under WTO rules, China’s non-market economy status gives the US and EU far greater latitude in determining the fair cost of production for Chinese companies when conducting anti-dumping investigations. As a consequence, say trade lawyers, that has made it easier for complainants to prove their cases against China. 按照世贸组织规则,中国的非市场经济地位使美国和欧盟在展开反倾销调查时,在确定中国企业的公允生产成本方面拥有大得多的自由度。贸易律师们表示,其后果之一是,投诉方更容易证明其针对中国的投诉成立。
The Obama administration, which is being cheered on by US industry, is advocating a policy of inaction, which would force China to bring a challenge in the WTO and thus put the onus on Beijing to prove that its state-heavy economic model has met all the criteria for MES. 在美国工业界的欢呼下,奥巴马政府正在倡导不作为的政策,那将迫使中国在世贸组织发起挑战,从而使北京方面承担举证责任,要证明政府干预相当严重的中国经济模式满足了市场经济地位的所有标准。
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下面读文网小编为大家带来国内经典旅游景点导游词,希望大家喜欢!
ladies and gentlemen , welcome to Fenghuang, the place where we"re arriving is "one of the two most beautiful town in China"----the old town of fenghuang, it"s a very important point that connects huaihua hunan and tongren guizhou together.and it"s the hometown of mr shengcongwen.
fenghuang has wonderful natural landscapes,it"s very hot for travelling since the old time. even a lot of teleplays were produced here.fenghuang is also a dradle for famous people ,shencongwen and xiongxiling are both spent their childhood here.now, let"s set out to enjoy these fantastic good views.
THE FORMER RESIDENCE OF SHENCONGWEN
This is the former residence of shencongwen,a very famous auther, archaeologist and historian in china.
lined in the zhongying street in the south part of the fenghuang old town, the residence is a typical spacious ancient countryard with special tectonic style of ming and qing dynasty. walk into the yard, you can find that there is a small patio in the center of the countryard. which is built with red rock. around the patio , there are about 10 rooms which are small but decorated by special carved wooden windows .it"s so beautiful.
this countryard is built by mr shen"s grandfather in 1866 on dec.28,1902. shencongwen was born in the old countyard.and spent his childhood here. in 1917,when he was 15 years old, mr shen left family and joined the army. from 1917 to 1922, mr shen had lived with soildiers, farmers, workers and some other
common people,and know their tragic lives. this special experience stunned up his enthusiasm of writhing . so in 1919, mr shen went to beijing alone, and began his hard writing . after his series of works WEST OF HUNAN &FRINGE TOWN were punished, mr shen became nation -wide well -known.at that time, he was even as famous as luxun, another famous auther in chiese literature area. it"s said that shencongwen is the one who is the most possible to win the prize.
mr shen devoted all his life to writing,his 5-million word works are though as the precious legacy to the world literature.meanwhile, these works are also very veluable date for researching the history of hunan province and even china.
this 100-years-old countyard was renovated in 1989.the 1st room on the right hane is for displaying mr shen"s photos.and what displayed in the 2nd room are mr shen"s handwritingarticles.at the left side,you "ll find a list of mr shen"s work of different additions. in the center of the middle room .there is a mr shen"s line drawing hanging on the wall. the left fringle room is mr shen"s bedroom and another one on the right is full of marble desks and chairs.
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下面读文网小编为大家带来上海旅游景点英语导游词,希望大家喜欢!
Ladies and gentlemen, today we are going to visit a famous Buddhist temple---the Jade Buddha Temple. Before visiting the temple, I’d like to say a few words about the religious situation in Shanghai. Our constitution stipulates that every Chinese citizen is ensured the freedom of religious belief. There are four major religions in practice in Shanghai, namely, Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, and Christianity, which is sub-divided into the Catholic Church and the Protestant Church. When it comes to Buddhist temples in China, they are usually classified into three sects, i.e. temples for meditation, for preaching and for practicing Buddhist disciplines. The Jade Buddha Temple is a temple for meditation, and is well-known both at home and abroad.
The temple was first built during the reign of Emperor Guangxu of Qing Dynasty, when a monk named Hui Gen went on a pilgrimage to Burma and brought back five jade statues of Sakyamuni. On his way back to Mount Putuo via Shanghai, he left two jade statues here, one in sitting posture and the other, reclining. He had a temple specially built as a shrine for these two statues in 1882. later the temple was partly destroyed by fire and in 1928 a new temple was completed on the present site.
Just opposite the temple gate, there stands a giant screen wall. Various designs, such as dragon, phoenix, elephant, crane and peony are carved on it. In Chinese legend, all these things are considered the symbols of fortune, wealth, longevity and auspiciousness. Chinese people used to set up a wall in front of the house so as to keep the evils away.
Now ladies and gentlemen, please turn around. Here we can see the temple gate. It is also called the Sanmen Gate, or say, the Gate of Three Extrications. The door in the middle is called the Door of Emptiness, to its right is the Door of Non-phenomenon, and to its left, the Door of Non-Action. Sanmen Gate is also called the Mountain Gate because most famous temples in China are found deep in mountains. But the Sanmen gate does not open except on the first and the fifteenth of every lunar month. Now this way to the entrance.
Ladies and gentlemen, the first hall is the Heavenly King Hall. We will use the rear door, please follow me.
(in the Heavenly King Hall next to the southern entrance)
Here we can find the statue of a fat and smiling monk with bared belly. He is Bodhisattva Maitreya. His smile is so contagious that you will smile with him and forget all your worries. So he is also called the Laughing Buddha. According to Buddhist scripture, he is now practicing Buddhism in the Tusita Heaven. After 4000 years, which is equal to 5.67 billion years on the earth, he will become successor to Sakyamuni under a Long Hua Tree in Hualin Garden. Hence another name the Future Buddha. But this statue we see here is not the real image of Bodhisattva Maitreya, it is just his incarnation.. it is said that During the Five Dynasties Period, 1000 years ago, there lived in Fenhua in Zhejiang Province a monk named Qi Ci, who always carried a wooden staff with a cloth sack on his shoulder. He often went around towns and in streets to beg alms. Therefore he became known as “the Cloth Sack Monk”. He always smiled and laughed, looking as happy as ever. When he was dying, he left the message saying that he was the incarnation of Bodhisattva Maitreya. So his image is enshrined in the Buddhist Temple as the incarnation of Bodhisattva Maitreya.
(on the eastern side of the Heavenly King Hall)
On the two sides of the hall are enshrined four statues. They are so-called Four Heavenly Kings. In the Buddhist legend, there is in the center of the world a highest mountain called Mount Sumeru. Halfway on it is a mountain called Mount Ghandara with four peaks. On each peak lives a Heavenly King protecting the Buddhist heaven. The first one is the Southern King---King of Developing Merits. His duty is to educate all living creatures and develop king-heartedness. He is holding a sword in his hand which can emit a ray to chop off the enemies’ heads. The one next to him is the Eastern King---King of Protection for Buddhism. He is holding in his hand a pipa, which is somewhat like a guitar. With this pipa, he offers music to the Buddha. Meanwhile this pipa is a magic weapon. It can send out a musical rhythm to defeat the enemy by tormenting brain and causing him to lose combatability. Now ladies and gentlemen, please come over to this side.
(on the western side of the Heavenly King Hall)
The first one on this side is the Northern King---King of Virtue. He is so called because of his virtue. He is holding a parasol-shaped stela in his hand. The parasol can be opened into a canopy in Buddhist processions. It is at the same time a magic umbrella. Once it is opened in the battle field, the sky turns dark and a wind-storm rises, defeating the enemy with a dizzy spell and then it closes up capturing all the enemies. Next to him is the Western King---King of Far Sight. He observes the world with his penetrating eyes. He is holding a dragon-shaped silk rope. The rope is actually a net, with which he converts people to Buddhism just like catching fish with a net. This dragon also has a magic power. It can spurt water from its mouth and drown the enemy in floods.
(in the Heavenly King Hall next to the rear door)
The Statue facing the rear door is Bodhisattva Skanda. He is always dressed in armour with a worrior’s club in his hand. Originally he was one of the eight heavenly generals under the Southern King of Developing Merits. Later he has been enshrined here because of his bravery. He is also a god of message, a fleet-foot runner, so when visitors come to the temple, he will immediately report to the Buddha in the Grand Hall.
Now ladies and gentlemen, that’s all for the Heavenly King Hall. Please follow me and look out the threshold and the steps.
Now we can see a giant tripod in the courtyard. It is actually a giant incense burner. It was donated by some Buddhist laymen who believed that by donating something the Buddha they can help purify the souls of their dead relatives from sins and relieve them from purgatory.
Now this is the main hall, known as the Grand Hall or Grand Hall of the Great Sage. It is the main structure in every Buddhist temple, where the statue of Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism is enshrined.
(in the Grand Hall)
Ladies and gentlemen, in the middle of the hall is the statue of Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism. On his right is Medicine Buddha and on his left is Amitabha Buddha. Each is seated on a lotus blossom and has a back halo. Sakyamuni’s original name was Siddhartha Gautama. He was a contemporary of Confucius. He was born to a warrior’s family in the Himalayan foothill in ancient India, or say, in present-day Nepal. He spent his youth in great luxury. But he renounced the human world at the age of 29 in search of an ultimate solution to the problems of human sufferings. After six years of spiritual discipline he got enlightened at the age of 35. he spent the remaining 45 years of his life teaching his religion and establishing a community for monks to continue his work. He was entitled “Sakyamuni”, which means “the great sage of the Sakya Clan”. He died at the age of 80.
On his chest there is a sign that resembles a swastika but it has nothing to do with Hitler’s fascism because it is in an inverted order. It is actually a religious talisman used in ancient orient, symbolizing the concentration of happiness and auspiciousness.
The Medicine Buddha is responsible for the Eastern Bright World. Since he can relieve people of all pains and sufferings, he is called the Medicine Buddha. He is holding a wheel, which signifies the unremitting effort of converting people to Buddhism just like turning a wheel.
Amitabha Buddha is in charge of the Western Paradise. He is holding a golden lotus blossom stand with which he extradites Buddhist believers to the Western Pure Land, therefore he is also called the Buddha of Guidance.
In front of the Medicine Buddha is a hollow wooden fish. It is actually an instrument used by the monks to accompany the chanting of their prayers. But do you happen to know why it is in the pattern of a fish? Now let me tell you about it. The monks think that fish is the most diligent animal in the world because it never closes its eyes, therefore the image of the fish is used to advise people that they should practice Buddhism as diligently as the fish.
On both sides of the hall stand 20 Heavenly Gods, all protectors of Buddhist laws. They all bend slightly as if they are listening attentively to Sakyamuni’s preaching.
The first one on the right side is Brahma, the chief god of Brahmanism in ancient India. It was believed in ancient India that all living creatures in the world, including gods and men, were created by him and he was thus honored as the Great Creator. Next to him is Yamaraja, the God of Hell, who is in charge of the nether world.
The fourth one on this side is Goddess of Loving Children. There is an interesting story about her. It is said that before she became a goddess she was a wicked woman. She herself had many children, 500 in all, including 3 sons and 497 daughters. Her favorite child was her youngest son named Ai Nu, now standing by her side. As she always ate the children of other people, Buddha decided to convert her. One day, he hid Ai Nu in a jar. When the woman found her child missing she looked for him everywhere but could not find him. Then Buddha came up to her and said, “If you are worried when your child is missing, what about other mothers whose children you have eaten?” From then on she began to discipline herself and finally became a goddess.
This is the Emperor of the Solar Palace, or say the Chinese Apolo, opposite him is the Chinese Diana, the emperor of the Lunar Palace. The last statue on this side is the Dragon King.
(at the back of the Grand Hall)
Ladies and gentlemen, behind the statue of Sakyamuni there is a giant mural sculpture. In the middle is the statue of Bodhisattva Guanyin. Guanyin was originally named Guanshiyin but later abbreviated into Guanyin because the character “shi” was one of the characters in the Tang Emperor Li Shimin’s name and was considered a forbidden name. Guanyin often takes the image of a goddess in order to convert women to Buddhism. Actually he can incarnate into 32 images to convert people from all walks of life and relieve people from all kinds of sufferings. Any living creature in trouble needs only to recite his name and he will respond to the cry and readily come to help riding on the head of a huge turtle. That’s why he is described as a Bodhisattva of Great Mercy. By her two sides are her two disciples, San Cai the boy and Long Nu the girl. Above Guanyin is a statue of Sakyamuni when he was doing ascetic practices in a forest. A monkey on the right is offering preaches to him and a deer on the left is giving him milk to drink.
Now a few words about San Cai, the boy and Long Nu, the girl. It is said that when San Cai was born, a number of treasures came with him, hence his name. By the way, “Can” in Chinese means “wealth”. He was later converted by Bodhisattva Manjusri, the Bodhisattva of Great Wisdom, and went on a pilgrimage to the south in search of teaching. He was going to call on 53 teachers and then met Guanyin, hoping to obtain the guidance to buddhahood. There are altogether 53 statues on the mural sculpture, excluding the 18 arhats. They were all supposed to be San Cai’s teachers. He came to them one after the other. Guanyin was his 27th teacher. Long Nu, the daughter of Dragon King, was a genius. At the age of 8 she often attended lectures by Manjusri. Later she met the Buddha and attained buddhahood.
Below are 18 arhats, all disciples of Sakyamuni. According to Buddhist scripture, Sakyamuni asked them to stay permanently on the earth to help convert people to Buddhism. Arhats have three characteristics, namely, they can rid of all worries, they should be supported and offered by all people, and they enter nirvana once for all and never incarnate again.
(in the Hall of the Reclining Buddha)
Ladies and Gentlemen: in the middle of the hall we can see a jade statue of the reclining Buddha. This is Sakyamuni in his deathbed, or say, entering nirvana. We can see him looking slightly upward and reclining on his right arm. Some may ask why he looks so calm and carefree. It is said that in his entire life-time he had taught 500 disciples, therefore, he felt no worry because he firmly believed that his disciples would carry forward his principles and preach his doctrines to emancipate mankind. This statue, 96 cm long, is carved out of a single piece of jade. It was brought from Burma together with the other statue in sitting posture. The carving was exquisitely done with delicate features and a slender figure, it is considered a rare Buddhist relic, which contributes to Jade Buddha Temple’s reputation. Now ladies and gentlemen, over here we can see four pictures on the wall of the hall which describe the life story of Sakyamuni. The first one, “Tonsure”, describes Sakyamuni having his head tonsured and clothes changed into a monk’s robe when he came a monk at the age of 29; the second, “Enlightenment”, after six years ascetic practice he became enlightened and attained buddhahood at the age of 35; the third, “Preaching”, Sakyamuni is preaching to his first five disciples; and the fourth, “Nirvana”, Sakyamuni entered nirvana at the age of 80.
(before entering the Jade Buddha Chamber)
Ladies and gentlemen, we are going to visit the last main structure on the axis---the Jade Buddha Chamber. It is located on the second floor. Please do not take pictures or video tape-recording in the chamber.
(in the Jade Buddha Chamber)
Ladies and Gentlemen, the statue in front of us is the Jade Buddha in sitting posture. Since Buddhism is a leading religion in China, there are a great number of statues of Sakyamuni all over the country, and most of them are made out of stone, clay, or wood, but a jade statue of the Buddha of this size is rare. It is 1.92 meter in height and 1.34 meter in width. The jewels on his head, arms and feet are all genuine ones. They were donated by Buddhist believers. The statue was carved out of a single piece of jade. It is soft in luster, even in color, pure and flawless in texture and exquisite in workmanship. This statue reflects Sakyamuni’s getting enlightened. We can see that his left hand rests on his left knee showing his great determination of deep meditation while his right hand stretches out onto the ground indicating that he had devoted himself to the emancipation of all mankind and this could only be witnessed by the great earth. When monk Hui Gen found the jade in Burma, he had it excavated under the permission of the Burmese King and had the an artisans carve it into a Buddha Statue, so it is a crystallization of the friendship of different nations. This statue looks life-like, with gentle and soft features and is considered a precious relic of Buddhist art. This is the reason why the temple enjoys a high reputation.
In the cabinets on both sides are kept a complete set of Buddhist scripture, Da Zang Sutra, which was block-printed in 1870. this set of scripture covers Sakyamuni’s teachings by moth, Buddhist doctrines, and Buddhist theories.
(in the courtyard in front of the Abbot’s Room)
This is the Abbot’s Room, where the abbot priest lives. It is also a sermon hall where the monks attend lectures by the abbot priest. On the middle wall is hung the portrait of Priest Dharma, honored as the founder of the Chan Sect in Chinese Buddhism.
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下面读文网小编为大家带来关于美国南部旅游情景对话,希望大家喜欢!
Jade: Many professors have described the south of America as a distinct culture of music, cuisine, and easy-going people.
杰德:很多专家把美国南部描述为一个拥有独特音乐、饮食和亲切居民的地方。
Mike: I believe this is the clear definition of the South.
迈克:我觉得这个描述太准确了。
Jade: But the region has been booming in recent years thanks to cities like Atlanta.These cities must be as modernized as in the North.
杰德:不过,最近这些年因为像亚特兰大等这些城市的巨大发展。美国南部也越来越繁荣了。
Mike: Do you know what the most popular event is in the South?
迈克:那你知道美国南部的什么活动是最受欢迎的吗?
Jade: lt says Mardi Gras, New Orleans which is famous for throwing big parties.
杰德:据说是新奥尔良的狂欢节。这里因为举办各种大型的聚会而闻名。
Mike: We should go there. I love big parties.
迈克:我们应该去哪里。我喜欢大型聚会。
Jade: Yeah. I think too. Maybe we can know better about the people in the South.
杰德:我觉得也是。这样我们就可以更了解当地人。
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美利坚合众国(United States of America),简称美国,是由华盛顿哥伦比亚特区、50个州、 和关岛等众多海外领土组成的联邦共和立宪制国家。美国是一个高度发达的资本主义超级大国,其政治、经济、军事、文化、创新等实力领衔全球。因其较为健全的法律制度、健康的生活环境、顶尖的教育资源等,继续吸引着世界各地的人来这里追逐美国梦。下面读文网小编为大家带来关于美国旅游情景对话,希望大家喜欢!
Jack: l have always been dreaming to the Niagara Falls for a long time. Is this included in our plan?
杰克:我一直都想去尼亚加拉大瀑布。这次的旅行计划有这一项吗?
Tim : Yes. I have made that arrangement. I know you will be interested in someplace exciting.
蒂姆:有的。我已经安排了。我知道你一定很喜欢刺激的地方。
Jack: Wow! Thank you very much. The book I read before says that Niagara Falls is a magical place.
杰克:哇!谢谢你。我之前看过的书上说尼亚加拉大瀑布是个很美妙的地方。
Tim: Yes, it is. It is where over 14 million visitors from around the world come to appreciate its beauty.
蒂姆:是的。尼亚加拉大瀑布每年都有1400万世界范围内的游客来欣赏它的惊艳。
Jack: Do you know something about Niagara Falls?
杰克:你对尼亚加拉大瀑布了解吗?
Tim: Yes, a little. Niagara Falls comprises 3 distinct cataracts-American Falls, Veil of the Bride Falls and Horseshoe Falls.
蒂姆:是的,知道一点儿。尼亚加拉大瀑布由3个不同的瀑布组成:美国瀑布、新娘面纱瀑布和马蹄瀑布。
Jack: That place must be very huge.
杰克:那个地方一定很大。
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哈佛大学,简称哈佛。坐落于美国马萨诸塞州剑桥市,是一所享誉世界的私立研究型大学,是著名的常春藤盟校成员,被公认为是当今世界最顶尖的高等教育机构之一。下面读文网小编为大家带来关于哈佛校园生活情景对话,欢迎大家学习!
Li Lei and Han Meimei just met. Now Li Lei is walking Han Meimei home when they
hear someone playing the saxophone.
H: What beautiful music! I love saxophone. I remember you were learning it then.
H:多么动听的音乐呀!我喜欢萨克斯。我记得你那时正在学习萨克斯吧。
L: Yes, but I seldom practice it now because I'm too busy. Speaking of saxophone, do you know Fred Ho?
L:是机但是我现在太忙了很少练习。说到萨克斯,你知道侯维翰吗?.
H: I guess no.
H:不知道.
L: He's a jazz baritone' saxophonist. But his music is a little different as he combines African American music free jazz with traditional Chinese folk music.
L:他是一名爵士乐男中音萨克斯吹奏者。但他的音乐有点不同,因为他融含了美国 黑人音乐爵士乐和传统的中国民俗音乐。
H: Is he Chinese?
H:他是中国人吗?
J: Not exactly, he’s Chinese American. And he has devoted his whole life to fight against discrimination'. He met with much discrimination in his childhood. Like many other Chinese and Asian Americans, he felt a sense of isolation.
L:也不是,他是美籍华人。他的一生都致力于反歧视斗争。童年时候他遭受了很多歧视。像很多其他华裔和亚裔美国人一样,他有一种被孤立的感觉。
H: It was hard for a child. How did he overcome' it?
H:这对孩子来说挺残酷的。他怎么克服的?
L: In high school, he began to give up conforming to Euro-American norm' and to redefine his identity as a Chinese American,
L:高中时候,他幵始放弃遵守欧美规范,重新把 自己的身份定位为美籍华入。
H: I can imagine how many difficulties he had overcome. After all, he was not born in China.
H:我能想象他克服了多少困难,毕竟他没有出生 在中国。
L: Quite right. Yet, he succeeded conquering' all the sufferings and changed the way he thought about himself and others and turned anger and pain into action and power.
L:是呀。但是,他成功地克服了所有苦难,改变 了他以及別人对自己的看法,化悲痛为力量。
H: So, he began to fight for the rights for Chinese Americans through music?
H:所以他就开始通过音乐,为捍卫美籍华人的叔力而斗争吗?
L: Not just for Chinese Americans, but for Asian Americans and even African Americans.He began this eause when he was an undergrad at Harvard.
L:并不只是为美籍华人,而是为了亚商华人,甚至是美国黑人。当他在哈佛大学读 本科的时候开始从事这项事业。
H: He graduated from Harvard?
H:他是从哈佛毕业的?
L: Yes, he's my schoolmate, and is one of the founders of the Harvard-Radcliffe Asian American Association.
L:是的,他是我的校友,也是哈佛拉德克利夫亚裔美国人协会的创立者之一。
H: It’s rare that an artist would care so much about politics.
H:很少见有艺术家这么关心政治的。
L: He studied sociology at Harvard and graduated in 1979. It was not until 1981 that he focused on building a professional career in music.
L:他在哈佛学社会学,1979年毕业。直到1981年他才把音乐当作职业。
H: He's versatile'.
H:真多才多艺的。
L: The association he and other students help found help Asian American students a lot.
L:他和其他学生创立的协会给亚裔美国学生提供了很多帮助。
H: Does it seek equal rights for minorities' with white majority?
H:这个协会为少数族裔谋求和白人一样的平等的权力吗?
L: Just the opposite. The association was founded because the school authority rejected Asian Americans,minority status'.
L:恰怆相反。创立该协会的原因是因为学校不承认亚裔美国人是少数族裔。
H: You confused me. I thought the minorities were supposed to be assimilated into the American society. They will be irritated if they are called Chinese, Japanese, or Korean.
H:你把我弄糊徐了。我认为少数族裔本应该被美国社会所同化。如果叫他们中国人、 日本人或韩国人,他们会被惹怒的。
L: So a lot of Asian Americans are actually in a dilemma'. The whites don’t accept them and they are treated as “majority''officially.
L:所以,实际上许多亚裔美国人处于窘境。白人不接受他们,但官方却称他们是多数 族裔。
H: Jesus', they seem to have no identity.
H:天啊,他们似平设有身份。
L: Thafs why many students like Ho asserted their Asian American identity once and for all,and founded the association to promote Asian American students’ rights and benefits at Harvard .
L:这就是为什么许多像侯维翰这样的学生彻底地坚持他们的亚裔美国人身份,并建 立了这个协会来促进亚裔美国学生在哈佛的权力和利益。
H: It couldn’t be smooth sailing.
H:不可能一帆风顺的。
L: Struggle is never smooth. The good news is that their efforts have paid off.
L:斗争永远都不会顺利的。好消息是他们的努力得到了回报。
H: Is he still fighting for minorities?
H:他仍然在为少数民族奋斗吗?
L; Yes, he devotes his whole life to this cause.
L:是的,他把自己的一生都奉献铪了这项事业。
H: He’s great. He reminds me of Bob Dylan whose songs became anthems for the civil rights and anti-war movements.
H:他很伟大。让人想起了鲍勃·迪伦,鲍勃·迪伦的歌成了民权运动和反战运动的颂歌。
L: Ho may not be that great and influential, but we must know him because he's a great Chinese American.
L:侯维翰可能没有那么伟大,也没那么有影响力,但是我们必须知道他,因为他是 伟大的美籍华人。
H: This is the first time I've heard about him, but I'm very moved by him.
H:这是我第一次听说他,但我很感动。
L: By the way, lie’s gonna perform at New Heaven, Connecticut.
L:顺便说一下,他将在康乃迪克州的新天堂举办演奏会。
H: If only I didn’t have class.
H:要是我没有课就好了。
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下面读文网小编为大家带来生活英语情景对话,欢迎大家学习!
Todd: OK, Yoko!
Todd:洋子!
Yoko: Hi!
Yoko:你好!
Todd: We're going to talk about your trip to America.
Todd:我们来聊聊你在美国的旅行。
Yoko: Trip to America. OK.
Yoko:美国的旅行,好的。
Todd: OK. When did you go to the U.S.?
Todd:你什么时候去的美国?
Yoko: It's about 4 years ago.
Yoko:大约4年前。
Todd: And what did you do?
Todd:你都做了什么?
Yoko: Actually, I went to Michigan and I worked as a volunteer teacher in public school.
Yoko:事实上,我去了密歇根州,在一所公立学校中做志愿者老师。
Todd: OK. What was the public school like?
Todd:那所公立学校怎么样?
Yoko: It was not big, and so it was not big. I don't know how to say that, so what should I say....
Yoko:不大,那所学校不是很大,我不知道怎么说,我该怎么说呢……
Todd: It was just a small school?
Todd:那是一间小学校?
Yoko: Yeah. Small school. So only maybe 200 students I think.
Yoko:是的,一所很小的学校。大概只有200名学生。
Todd: Oh, really!
Todd:真的!
Yoko: Yeah, it was really small.
Yoko:是的,真的很小。
Todd: Wow, that is small.
Todd:哇,很小啊。
Yoko: Yeah, yeah.
Yoko:是的。
Todd: Did you know all the students?
Todd:你认识那儿所有的学生吗?
Yoko: I don't think so. I just visited some classes. Yes.
Yoko:我不这么认为。我只是去了几节课。
Todd: So what did you think of America?
Todd:你对美国有什么看法?
Yoko: I think it is a great country for many people who wants to try new things.
Yoko:我认为美国是一个伟大的国家,在美国,人们想要尝试一些新的东西。
Todd: OK.
Todd:好的。
Yoko: You know, so for example I did not have any special skills to teach, but they let me to work there as a volunteer, and they gave me a great oppurtunity to meet a lot of students, who are really nice I think.
Yoko:例如,我没有教书的特殊技能,但校方允许我作为志愿者在那里工作,他们给了我一个机会去接触那里的学生们,学生们都很友好。
Todd: Ah, OK. I agree. What were your students like?
Todd:哦,好的,我同意。你的学生怎么样?
Yoko: They were really motivated to learn Japanese, but they didn't learn a lot. They just, they just wanted to play with me, from other countries. Who is from, sorry!
Yoko:他们对学习日语很积极,但他们并没有学多少。他们只是想和我玩,和来自其他国家的人玩。
Todd: OK. Do you have any special memories from your trip?
Todd:你对这次美国之旅有没有留下什么特殊的记忆?
Yoko: Yes, I visited lots of places by myself and I was really afraid of speaking English to people there but they tried to understand me, and they helped me a lot and I really think OK, they are lots of people who are nice all over the world.
Yoko:是的。我自己去了很多地方。我真的很害怕和当地人说英语,但他们总是努力地理解我,他们帮了我很多很多,这让我觉得全世界有很多好心人。
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美国大峡谷(Grand Canyon)是一个举世闻名的自然奇观,由于科罗拉多河穿流其中,故又名科罗拉多大峡谷,它是联合国教科文组织选为受保护的天然遗产之一。大峡谷位于美国亚利桑那州西北部的凯巴布高原上,是地球上最为壮丽的景色之一。科罗拉多河在科罗拉多高原上共切割出19条主要峡谷,总面积为2724.7平方公里,其中最深、最宽、最长的一个就是科罗拉多大峡谷。它全长446公里,是世界上最长的峡谷之一。峡谷顶宽6至28公里,最深处1800米。谷底水面不足 1000米宽,夏季冰雪融水,水深增至18米。山石多为红色。下面读文网小编为大家带来旅游英语美国大峡英语简介,欢迎大家阅读!
A famous American John Muir said in 1898: “The Grand Canyon… as unearthly in the color and grandeur and quantity of its architecture as if you had found it after death on some other star.”
Like Muir, those of us who stand along the rim are prompted to wonder about the unearthliness and the forces that created and are still changing this place After more than 100 years of studies, many things are still obscure. Today visitors come by the thousands - the great and simple of the earth - all in a spirit of marvel. Travelers come from every state of the Union, from every country in Europe and Asia, pilgrims to a shrine that is the same as the creed. From the depths of the canyon comes welling silence. Seldom can you hear the roar of the river.You cannot catch the patter. Like applause, from the leaves of the cottonwoods on the shelf-like plateau below you. For all sounds are swallowed in this gulf of space. ‘It makes one want to murmur.' A woman once whispered to her companion. This silence is not the silence of death; Rather, it is a presence. It is like a great piece of music. But music made of man works up to a climax and ceases; the Grand Canyon is all climax, a chord echoing into eternity. Perhaps the most spectacular feature of the Grand Canyon,
its Redwall limestone cliff, stands about half way up the chasm and is practically vertical. Its average height is 550 feet——almost exactly that of the Washington Monument. Though it is actually gray-blue limestone, the surface of the cliff has been stained to a sunset hue by iron salts washing out of the rocks. Above the Redwall come alternating layers of red sandstone and shale 1,000 feet thick, then comes the next pale-blue layer. The topmost layers are a yellowish limestone. Now, visitors to the South Rim alone may number 18,000 in a single day. Some of that number will travel by mule train down Bright Angel Trail to the canyon's floor, cross the raging river by a suspension bridge and amount to the North Rim. Though the two rims face each other across only 12 miles, it is a journey of 214 miles by car from one to the other. Nor can you visit the North Rim except in summer; some 1,200 feet higher than the South Rim, it is snow covered much of the year except in July and August. But there is no day that you may not visit the South Rim and find the sun warm on your face and the air perfumed with the incense of smoke from an Indian hearth. The Grand Canyon is an unearthly sight. No wonder an American writer and journalist said,“I came here an atheist, and departed a devout believer.”
一位著名的美国人约翰。缪尔曾在1898年说过:“(科罗拉多河的)大峡谷……它的色彩和构造的宏伟多样是世上所无的,就像是人消亡以后在别的星球上发现的东西。”
和缪尔一样,站在大峡谷边缘的人们顿时对这里的超凡脱俗,对那种创造并仍在改变这个地方的神奇力量感到惊奇。
经过了100多年的研究,有许多事情仍是个谜。今天,数以千记的游客——不管是普通人还是大人物——都怀着一种好奇的心情来到这里。他们来自于美国的第一洲,来自于欧洲和亚洲的每一个国家,就像朝圣者一样虔诚地来到这座神殿。
峡谷深处静寂无声。我们很少听见河水的咆哮声或下面壁架式高原上三角叶杨树发出鼓掌般的噼啪声。因为这一切声音都在这深渊的空间被吞没了。一位女游客对同伴说,“它让人禁不住地低声细语。"这种寂静不是死一般的沉寂;相反,它是万物存在的宁静。它就像一曲伟大的乐章。人类创作的乐曲逐渐进入高潮,但也有终止的时候,而大峡谷则高潮迭起,是永远回荡不止的和音。
也许,大峡谷最引人注目的风貌特色是“红墙”石灰石悬崖,它耸立在裂口半当中,几乎是垂直的。它的平均高度为550 英尺——几乎和华盛顿纪念碑一样高。虽然它实际上是灰蓝色的石灰石,但是从岩石里渗出的铁盐却把悬崖表面染上了晚霞般的色彩。在“红墙”的上方,是红色的沙岩和1 000 英尺厚的页岩交替叠层,然后是浅蓝色的沙岩层,最上层是淡黄色的石灰石。
现在,每天来大峡谷南缘观光的游客大概有18000名,其中有的会乘坐小型电动机车沿着"光明天使小道"来到谷底,穿过波涛汹涌的河道上方的吊桥,然后到达北缘。
尽管南北两缘面对面相隔只有12英里,可是坐车从一边到另一边的距离却是214英里。北缘只能在夏天参观;它比南缘高出1 200英尺左右;除了7、8月外,其他大部分时间都为冰雪覆盖。
然而南缘任何时候都欢迎人们的来访。在那里温暖的阳光照在人们的脸上;空气中弥漫着印第安香炉中散发出的烟香气。大峡谷是一道超凡脱俗的风景。难怪一位美国作家兼记者说:“我来这里时还是个无神论者,离开时却是个虔诚的信徒了。”
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美国大峡谷是一个举世闻名的自然奇观,由于科罗拉多河穿流其中,故又名科罗拉多大峡谷,它是联合国教科文组织选为受保护的天然遗产之一。位于美国亚利桑那州西北部的凯巴布高原上,是地球上最为壮丽的景色之一。科罗拉多河在科罗拉多高原上共切割出19条主要峡谷,总面积为2724.7平方公里,其中最深、最宽、最长的一个就是科罗拉多大峡谷。它全长446公里,是世界上最长的峡谷之一。峡谷顶宽6至28公里,最深处1800米。谷底水面不足 1000米宽,夏季冰雪融水,水深增至18米。山石多为红色。下面读文网小编为大家带来大峡谷旅游必备英语口语,欢迎大家学习!
Frank:Where did you go?
弗兰克:你们到哪儿去了?
Ben:We hiked to the botrtom of the Grand Canyon. It was sure a long way down.
本:我们一直步行到大峡谷底部。往下走真远啊。
Frank:Was it dark and gloom y at the bottom?
弗兰克:谷底是不是很黑暗阴沉啊?
Ben:Oh! no!
本:噢,一点也不!
Frank:Did you see any boats there?
弗兰克:你们在那儿看到船了吗?
Ben:Yeah, we saw a lot of them.That may be an easier way to get to the bottom of the canyon than the way we went.
本:是的,我们看到了好多船。可能乘船漂到峡谷底部比我们那样下去要容易得多。
Frank:How far was it?
弗兰克:那儿离地面有多远?
Ben:lt's over 5,000 feet deep.
本:谷底有五千多英尺深。
Frank:Did you have to make camp and sleep along the trail?
弗兰克:你们有没有在山路上宿营过夜?
Ben:We were able to make it all the way down 'in one day. That was easy.
本:我们一天之内就下到谷底了。下去很容易。
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小编为大家整理了美国人打电话常用句子,希望对你有帮助哦!
Hold on. (最常见)
I'll get him, Hold on please.
Hold on, let me see if he is here.
One moment please.
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下面读文网小编为大家带来职场双语阅读:美国何处创业最活跃,希望大家喜欢!
If you want to break the ice at a corporate seasonalparty in America these days, try popping thisrevealing question: which part of the US has the highest proportion of entrepreneurship?
如果你想在最近美国某个企业的季节性派对上打破冷场局面,可以试着问一下这个会暴露真相的问题:美国哪里的创业人士比例最高?
“Silicon Valley” would be a predictable, and understandable, answer. After all, in recentyears, the San Francisco region has been an epicentre of US innovation. Mark Zuckerberg, thefounder of Facebook, seems to epitomise the entrepreneurial dream; particularly since hisrecent announcement that he plans to donate most of his largesse to social causes.
“硅谷”或许是可以预料也可以理解的答案。毕竟,最近几年这个旧金山地区已成为美国创新的核心地带。Facebook创始人马克丠克伯格(Mark Zuckerberg)似乎是创业梦的象征——尤其是自从他最近宣布计划捐出多数财产用于社会慈善事业以来。
But here is a curious little detail of America’s economy today: if you want to understand thereal nature of entrepreneurial activity, do not look to Silicon Valley or Mr Zuckerberg. Thebiggest hotbed of urban entrepreneurship, as measured by the number of small companiesper head, is now New York, not the West Coast, according to research by the KauffmanFoundation, a think-tank. Boston sits in second place in terms of “entrepreneurship”, followedby Providence, Rhode Island. Meanwhile, San Francisco is fourth, just ahead of Miami in Floridaand Portland in Oregon. Main Street is giving the Valley more than a run for its money.
不过,今天的美国经济中却存在一个奇怪的细节:如果你想了解创业活动的真正特点,不要把眼光放在硅谷或扎克伯格身上。根据智库考夫曼基金会(Kauffman Foundation)的研究,以人均小企业数计算,如今城市创业的最大温床是纽约而不是西海岸。以“创业”而言,波士顿位居第二位,排在其后的是罗得岛州的普罗维登斯。同时,旧金山排在第四位,在佛罗里达州的迈阿密和俄勒冈州的波特兰之前。纽约缅街(Main Street)正向硅谷发起严峻挑战。
Geography is not the only surprise. The word “start-up” tends to conjure up images of baby-faced, hoody-wearing youngsters such as Mr Zuckerberg. But the Kauffman data suggest thatthe average age of entrepreneurs and small business owners is far higher — and rising. Peopleaged 45-54 now own 32 per cent of small businesses, the engines of economic activity and jobcreation.
地理位置不是唯一令人惊异之处。“初创”一词往往会让人头脑中浮现出像扎克伯格这样一脸稚气、身穿连帽衫的年轻人形象。然而考夫曼基金会的数据却显示,创业者和小企业主的平均年龄不仅要高得多,而且还在不断上升。32%的小企业由年龄在45岁到54岁之间的人士持有,而小企业正是经济活动和创造就业的发动机。
These middle-aged entrepreneurs are the biggest single cohort among business owners. Thosefollowing on behind, the 20-34 year olds — Mr Zuckerberg’s cohort — own just 16 per cent ofsmall businesses, down from 28 per cent when the series started in 1997. Start-up activityamong the younger cohort is also falling, as it increases among the middle aged. Meanwhile, theeducational qualifications of entrepreneurs is rising: a majority now hold a graduate degree.And immigrants now own 20 per cent of all small businesses, twice the level in 1997.
这些中年创业者是企业主中最大的群体。相比之下,跟随其后的20到34岁群体(扎克伯格所在的群体)只拥有16%的小企业,大大低于1997年该系列调查开始时28%的比例。较年轻群体的创业活动也在减少,而中年人创业活动却在增加。与此同时,创业者的受教育程度也在上升:如今多数人拥有研究生学位。此外,目前外来移民持有所有小企业中的20%,是1997年的两倍。
What accounts for these trends? Data on small business activity in general — andentrepreneurship in particular — are notoriously patchy. However, Kauffman suggests thatthe heavy burden of 猀琀甀搀攀渀琀 debt may be deterring young people from becomingentrepreneurs. The broader ageing of the American population is also affecting the 猀琀愀琀椀猀琀椀挀猀.
对于这些趋势应该如何解释?有关总体的小企业活动的数据(尤其是有关创业活动的数据)是出了名地东拼西凑。不过,考夫曼基金会表示,学生债务的沉重负担也许正在妨碍年轻人走上创业道路。从更大的层面上说,美国人口的老化也在影响这一统计结果。
The more intriguing issue is whether the pattern of older entrepreneurs also reflects thechanging profile of work. Digitisation is wiping out swaths of once-secure middle-classcorporate jobs, tossing out middle-aged employees; indeed, the Oxford Martin school ofbusiness forecasts that half of all US jobs will be replaced by robots in the next two decades.Americans are living longer and their pension provision is shrinking. Some of this middle-agedentrepreneurial activity, in other words, is probably sparked by necessity as much as byactive choice — a consequence of economic insecurity as well as economic freedom.
更有趣的问题是,创业者的高龄化趋势是否也反映了就业模式的变化。数字化正在导致大量曾经很稳定的中产阶级企业工作岗位消失,将中年员工抛出企业。事实上,牛津大学马丁学院(Oxford Martin School)预计,在今后20年内,美国半数工作岗位将由机器人取代。美国人的寿命正在增加,他们的养老金却在缩水。换句话说,这种中年创业活动的一部分既可能是自主选择,也可能是迫不得已——这不仅是经济自由的结果,同样也是经济不稳定的结果。
That, in turn, may have bigger policy implications, particularly given the 爀椀猀椀渀最 level ofincome inequality. One encouraging piece of news in the data is that overall entrepreneurshiprose last year, after declining during the
反过来说,这也许会带来更大的政策上的启示——尤其是考虑到收入不平等的不断加剧。在这些数据中,一个令人鼓舞的消息是,在经历了金融危机期间的下滑之后,去年创业活动总体增加了。但是,它依然低于几十年前的水平。不过,目前美国政策制定者有许多办法可以提高创业活动的水平。
Great Financial Crisis. But it remains below the levels seen a couple of decades ago. There is agreat deal that Amer-ican 瀀漀氀椀挀礀洀愀欀攀爀猀 could do now, however, to raise thoseentrepreneurship levels.
不应该仅仅谈及减轻大企业的税负(这正是华盛顿争论集中的领域),而应该将更多努力用于精简美国噩梦般复杂的小企业税法。医疗保险的提供也应该简化。此外,小企业还需要有更多融资渠道,尤其是因为,2008年后金融改革导致的一个非常不幸的后果是,银行如今非常不愿意为规模较小的企业提供资金。
Instead of just talking about lowering taxes for big corporations (which is where the debate isfocused in Washington), there should be more effort made to streamline America’snightmarishly complex small business tax code. Healthcare provision should also besimplified. Small business also requires a wider range of financing channels, particularly sinceone very unfortunate consequence of the post-2008 financial reforms is that banks are nowvery unwilling to provide funding for smaller companies.
此外,文化上的变革也是必要的。最值得注意的是,美国政策制定者(和选民)需要认识到,不是今天所有成功的创业者都穿着连帽衫,或者沐浴在加利福尼亚州的阳光下。相反,多数人不是这样。为应对传统企业岗位的消失或中产阶级分崩离析的诅咒,想办法提倡和支持较年长的群体创业也将是关键的一步。这也会让经济更加健康,季节性派对的气氛更加轻松愉快。
职场阅读:欧洲各国就业前景排行相关
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下面读文网小编为大家带来旅游英语阅读:美国闹鬼的五大景点,希望大家喜欢!
这家玩具反斗城的闹鬼故事已经被多家电视机报纸媒体报道了。所以这里的闹鬼故事可信度较高。.甚至所有在这里工作的雇员都一致认为的确闹鬼。
闹鬼的故事在几十年前开始。那是这里还是一片农田,这家玩具店也还没建起来。农场里的一名雇工爱上了老板的女儿。但是和电影电视里的经典情节不同。这位白富美没有回应这位屌丝的爱。屌丝眼泪流下来,拿起斧子去砍树泄愤。冲动是魔鬼,他砍脚上了。然后流血至死。安息吧……斧子不是你想玩,想玩就能玩的。
这位小伙没有安息,他在玩具反斗城里漫游。还好,他并没有像电影里面的情节,四处拿斧子砍人。他满足于玩玩具和人。很典型的事就是在早上店开门的时候,一颗球从货架之间弹走。或者货架上的货物被搞得很乱。或者有人一个人在卫生间里听到有人一进门就打开水龙头。这说明这位小伙是一个变态加洁癖,或者就是帮你打开水龙头而已。新时代的雷锋啊。
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小编为大家整理美国的银行业系统介绍,希望对你有帮助哦!
Several of the characteristics of American banking just discussed carry over into today's commercial banking system. Prominent among these is the dual-chartering system; that is, we continue to have commercial bank charters issued at two different levels of government. National banks receive their charters from the Comptroller of Currency~. Any national bank must have somewhere in its corporate title the word "national". Thus, for example, "Wells Fargo Bank, National Association" indicates that this bank has a federal charter. All national banks must be members of the Federal Reserve System.
Most banks, however, receive their charters from the appropriate agency of their respective state. They are under the supervision of their state's banking authority. However, state-chartered commercial banks may elect to become members of the Federal Reserve System, but this not mandatory for them as it is for national banks. If state-chartered banks~ elect membership in the Federal Reserve System, they come under the supervision of two banking authorities, state and national.
Thus, the American commercial banking system is comprised of two types of banks: the member banks of the Federal Reserve System which are national banks and those state-chartered banks electing membership; and nonmember state-chartered banks. Today' s banking system in the United States is comprised of more than 14,000 individual banks. Of this number, well under 50 percent are member banks of the Federal Reserve System——only 5,788 commercial banks out of a total of 14,633, or roughly 40 percent. These member banks, however, commanded the largest share of commercial banks resources, about three-fourths as of June 30, 1976. They held over three-fourths of deposits subject to check, $202,144 million as of the same date, which represented some 67 percent of our total money supply.
Although the national banks did~ continue a considerable advance in American commercial banking development, they also brought with them disadvantages. Their improvements included the establishment of a safe, uniform currency and a reduction in the number of commercial bank failures through strengthening due to more conservative standards of regulation and examination. There also developed a measure of correspondent banking relations through the provision for regarding, deposits in reserve city and central reserve city banks as reserves. But this last feature also was the System's greatest weakness. The National Bank System provided for the concentration go existing reserves into the city banks, but no provision was made for the creation of new reserves when necessary.
In our discussion, these two characteristics of present-day commercial banks will be in the forefront of much of our analysis: First, commercial banks create deposit liabilities against themselves, instead of note issue as the early banks did; and second, commercial banks today hold a wide variety of earning assets, not just short-term, self-liquidating loans~. One thing, however, continues to be just as true today as it was in the days of the banker: creation of money occurs when two opposite transactions take place simultaneously between the commercial bank and the customer~ The commercial bank increases its debt to the customer, and the customer puts himself into debt to the bank by the same amount. This simultaneous exchange of liabilities is significant because one of the debts created——the demand deposit liability——is money while the other-the loan——earns income for the bank.
美国的银行体系
自1782年美国第一家银行——北美银行(Bank.fNorthAmerica)成立以来,美国金融业经过长达200多年的发展,目前已形成了一个以商业银行为主,包括中央银行、储蓄机构、投资银行和政府专业性银行在内的庞大体系。
一、美国的联邦储备体系(Federal Reserve System)
联邦储备体系,即美国的中央银行。它是根据1913年12月23日美国总统威尔逊签署的联邦储备法而建.立起来的,简称联储(FED)。
联储的组成包括以下几部分:(1)联邦储备银行。联邦储备银行共有12家,分别设在波士顿、纽约、费城、克利夫兰、里土满、亚特兰大、芝加哥、圣·路易斯、明尼阿波利斯、堪萨斯、达拉斯和旧金山。它们在各自负责的地区执行中央银行的职能。除以上12家联邦储备银行外,凡根据联邦法律在联邦注册成立的国民银行都必须参加联邦储备体系,成为成员银行。其他根据各州法律在州政府注册成立的银行,如符合条件并愿意参加联邦储备体系的,则可自愿申请加入。(2)联邦储备委员会。联邦储备委员会(FRB)设在首都华盛顿,由7名理事组成,负责管理整个联邦储备体系。理事会成员和主席均由总统任命。该委员会负责制定有关法律规则并监督其实施,制定和审查批准储备金要求、存款最高利率及贴现率等。(3)联邦公开市场委员会。联邦公开市场委员会负责制定联储的短期货币政策,由12名成员组成,包括联储委员会理事及部分联储银行行长。该委员会所制定的货币政策通过设在纽约联储银行的公开市场桌(Open Market Desk),在一个称之为“公开市场帐户”的特殊帐户买卖美国政府和联邦机构的债券及承兑银行票据来实现。(4)联邦咨询委员会。联邦咨询委员会由每个联邦储备区选派一名成员组成,是一个政策咨询和建议机构。
美国联邦储备体系的特点在于:(1)联储体系不是由联邦政府控制,而是由12个地区联储银行和联储委员会共同执行中央银行职能。(2)联储体系由成员银行共同拥有,而不是由联邦政府所有,其性质是私有的,具有很强的独立性,在制定和执行货币政策时不需要得到政府和国会的批准。
二、美国的商业银行体系
商业银行是美国银行体系的中坚力量。多年来,美国的商业银行体系形成了其独特的形式,主要有以下几方面特点: .
1.双轨银行制度
按对商业银行的管血体制划分,美国的商业银行可分为在联邦政府注册的国民银行和在州政府注册的州立银行两种,这就是美国独特的双轨银行制度。国民银行必须是联邦储备体系的成员银行,受财政部货币总监、联储和联邦存款保险公司的监督管理。州银行则不一定要参加联储及联邦存款保险公司。
长期以来,美国的商业银行总数一直保持在1万家以上。其中国民银行占50%左右。但国民银行中有许多是实力雄厚的大银行,如花旗银行(City Bank)、大通银行(Chase Manhattan Bank)、美洲银行(Bank of American)等等。这些银行也是美国主要的国际性大银行。
2.单一银行制度
单一银行制度是在三十年代世界性经济危机后在美国实行的,其目的是为了保证银行经营的安全性。单一银行制度的内容是不允许银行跨州设立分支机构,同时商业银行也不能经营投资银行业务。因此美国商业银行的经营无论是在地域范围还是业务范围上都受到很大限制。
80年代以来,金融自由化的浪潮遍及全球,美国的单一银行制度也受到了很大冲击,商业银行纷纷要求放松这方面的限制以适应日趋激烈'的竞争,有关法律已有所松动,美国商业银行的经营的自由度正在逐步扩大。
3.联邦存款保险公司
美国的联邦存款保险公司是根据1933年的银行法令建立起来的。根据有关法律规定,各银行要向联邦存款保险公司缴纳保险基金,而联邦存款保险公司有责任在投保银行倒闭时保证存款人的财产不致受到损失。此外,该公司还拥有检查监督的权力,成为会员银行的后盾。
三、其他金融机构
除商业银行外,美国还有其他一些金融机构,主要有以下几类:
1.储蓄机构。储蓄机构不是银行,但是能够向商业银行一样吸收存款,并把它作为主要资金来源。储蓄机构的资金原来主要投资于消费领域,但自80年代以来,大量转向其他领域。
储蓄机构主要可分为三类:(1)储贷机构。储贷机构是在联邦或州注册的金融机构,按照法律规定,这些机构的贷款必须大部分用于住房抵押贷款,其管理机构为联邦住宅贷款银行董事会和联邦储蓄和贷款保险公司。储贷机构又可分为合作社和股份公司两种形式。(2)互助储蓄银行。互助储蓄银行是由存款者所拥有的合作存款金融机构。其管理由一个受托人委员会(理事会)任命的管理人员负责。互助储蓄银行的资产主要投放于抵押贷款和抵押贷款证券上,也有相当比重投放于政府证券、公司债券和其他贷款上。(3)信用社。信用社为非盈利性酌合作金融机构,为会员提供个人贷款等银行服务。信用社由会员选出董事会,其他管理人员则由董事会任命。信用社成员必须由有一定联系的人员(如同一公司工作的员工)组成。
2.投资机构。美国的投资机构主要包括以下几类:(1)投资银行公司。美国的投资银行业十分发达,有许多世界著名的投资公司,如美林公司、摩根·斯坦利公司、所罗门兄弟公司等。投资银行公司的基本业务有四类:承购包瘸薪发行证券;经纪和交易;资金管理;其他收费业务。(2)证券经纪与交易公司。这些公司的资产以短期存款和证券、证券信贷(向客户提供购买证券的信贷)和公司股票为主。这些公司又可分为经纪公司和交易公司两种类型。(3)货币市场合作基金,也称货币市场基金,是一种合作基金形式的投资公司,其股票不在市场挂牌,在证券与交易委员会注册。(4)其他投资公司,包括固定信托投资公司、封闭式基金和小企业开发公司等。
3.保险公司。保险公司服务的基本作用是在计划和活动方面给企业和个人提供更高的确定性。为了提供保险,保险公司要持有大量资产。这些资产的持有和现金的流人与流出使保险公司能够起到把资金从一个部门转移到另一个部门的作用,因此也属于金融机构的范畴。保险公司按照业务性质可分为人寿保险公司和财产保险公司两类;按照组织形式又可分为股份公司和合作公司。
除此以外,美国的金融机构还包括财务公司、抵押贷款公司、房地产投资信托公司、金融服务公司等,这些金融机构在美国的金融体系中同样发挥着重要作用。
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旧金山(San Francisco),又译“三藩市”、“圣弗朗西斯科”,美国加利福尼亚州太平洋沿岸港口城市,世界著名旅游胜地、加州(人口)第四大城市。旧金山临近世界著名高新技术产业区 硅谷(Silicon Valley),是世界最重要的高新技术研发基地和美国西部重要的金融中心。旧金山是一个度假的天堂。文史景观赏心悦目,餐馆佳肴令人惊喜,大饭店的富丽超乎想象。游客所期望的美国大城市中的戏剧表演和体育运动,这里也应有尽有。旧金山的最强音是移民们迸发出的热情,这是一个令人陶醉的文化混合体。下面读文网小编为大家带来旅游英语之美国旧金山英语简介,欢迎大家阅读!
the golden gate bridge is one of the most recognizable landmarks in the world.
even people who hate the usa love san francisco. it has an atmosphere of genteel (彬彬有礼的;有教养的)chic(高尚、别致) mixed with offbeat(不跟随时尚主流的;非传统的;特异的)innovation, and a selfeffacing(自我谦逊的)quality so blatantly missing from new york and la.
one of the usa's most attractive cities, san francisco's hilly streets provide some gorgeous glimpses of the san francisco bay and its famous bridges. this is a mosaic(马赛克式的东西)of a city, a big picture made from the colorful tiles of bustling chinatown, gay castro (旧金山一著名同性恋社区)and faux-hemian(法语词,故意表现得质朴童稚的)north beach.
san francisco covers the tip of a 30mi (50km) peninsula (半岛) in northern california, with the pacific ocean on its western side and the san francisco bay to the north and east. san francisco is just one of many cities in the bay area; others include oakland (east across the bay bridge), berkeley (just north of oakland) and san jose (an hour's drive southeast of san francisco, near the southern tip of the bay)。 marin county and the wine country lie to the north, across the golden gate bridge.
a newly restored street car on market street
the most touristed part of the city resembles a slice of pie, with van ness ave and market st making the two sides and the embarcadero the round edge of the pie. the steaming toppings of this homebaked slice are the classy shops around union square, the highrise financial district, the classy civic center, the down-and-out but up-and-coming tenderloin, swanky(华丽的) nob hill and russian hill, chinatown, north beach and the epicenter of tourist kitsch, fisherman's wharf(渔人码头)。 to the south of market st lies soma, an upwardly mobile warehouse zone of clubs and bars that fades in the southwest into the mission - the city's latino quarter - and then the castro, the center of gay life.
making a circuit of the 49-mile drive is a good way to check out almost all of the city's highlights(最有意思或精彩的部分)。 the route is well posted with instantly recognizable seagull signs, but a map and an alert navigator are essential. do yourself a favor and allow a whole day to complete the circuit.
greyhound is the only regular long-distance bus company operating to the city - all bus services arrive and depart at the transbay terminal in soma. amtrak's rail network connects the bay area with the rest of the continental us and canada. its main stations are in oakland and emeryville, both in the east bay. caltrain links san francisco with the peninsula and san jose; its depot is in soma.
旧金山坐落于加利福尼亚州西北部,美国西海岸中点,是太平洋沿岸仅次于洛杉矶的第二大港市,是加利福尼亚州的第三大城市。面积119平方公里,人口75万,是美国的第12位。大市区包括附近4个县和奥克兰、伯克利等城镇,面积7475平方公里。城市三面环海,座落在宽不足10公里的半岛北端,介于太平洋和圣弗朗西斯科湾之间,北临金门海峡。市域内丘陵起伏,有双峰山、戴维森山,最著名者为诺布山;沿海地带较为平坦。南流的萨克拉门托河和北流的圣华金河在城市附近汇合后,向西注入圣弗朗西斯科湾。
旧金山1776年为西班牙移民拓居地。1806年俄国在此设哨所,作为当时阿拉斯加的物资供应站。1821年属墨西哥。1846年在墨西哥战争中被美国人所夺取,并于1847年正式改名为旧金山,当时还只是一个居民490多人的小镇。1848年附近地区发现金矿,大批淘金者涌入,包括第一批中国"契约劳工"。1850年设市时,人口已增至2.5万人,成为贸易和为矿业服务的中心,附近地区的农业也有所发展。18邱年后随着横贯大陆铁路的通达和港区设施的逐步完善,城市迅速发展。1880年后开始向海湾以东地区扩展,形成若干卫星城镇,19世纪末,人口已达34万。1906年大地震时全城80%建筑被毁,后迅速重建。1914年巴拿马运河通航,港口日益繁荣,贸易量激增。第二次世界大战中,为军需物资的重要供应站。战后,工、商、金融、旅游服务业和市政建设均有较大发展,大市区由单一中心扩展为由旧金山、海湾东区(奥克兰)和圣何塞三大中心组成的城镇群。
旧金山居民民族构成复杂,其中非白种人约占总人口2/5以上,以黑人、华人、日本人、菲律宾人居多。来自世界各地的移民分区而居,形成语言文化、风俗习惯和宗教礼仪迥异的社区。如市中心黑人聚居的菲尔莫尔区,华人集中的"中国城",以及小大胶区(日本人)、卡尼区(菲律宾人)、北滩拉丁区(意大利人)、俄罗斯山区(墨西哥人)、萨特里-菲尔莫尔区(俄罗斯人)等。
旧金山是美国最有特色的城市之一,城区中心街道呈格子状向东西、南北伸展。住宅区房屋密集程度很高。马基特大街为最繁华的商业街,从市中心伸向城东北隅山腰;金门路一带高层建筑林立;蒙哥马利街及其附近地区为金融区,有"西部华尔街"之称,高52层的美洲银行大厦就耸立在这里。城东北部为主要住宅区,房屋盘山而建,街道迂回曲折,坡度较大,使用独特的交通工具缆车。伯克利为大学城,有加利福尼亚大学和各种科研机构。公共图书馆系统规模很大,并多教堂、剧院。滨海山城的优美景色,丰富多采的风情,以及金门公园、水上世界公园、海滩、电报山等旅游点,每年吸引数以百万计的游客。
旧金山的气候一年都是象春天一样的温暖,平均气温是20℃左右,在冬天也可以穿单衣到处游览。夏天潮气不大所以非常的舒服。因海风大的缘故,出门时应多带一件衣服。除了冬天这里一般不会下雨,晚上形成的浓雾早上就会全部消失。
旧金山相关
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迈阿密(Miami)是佛罗里达州第二大城市,位于佛罗里达半岛比斯坎湾。迈阿密是国际性的大都市,在金融、商业、媒体、娱乐、艺术和国际贸易等方面拥有重要的地位,也是许多公司、银行和电视台的总部所在。是文化的大熔炉,受庞大的拉丁美洲族群和加勒比海岛国居民的影响很大,与北美洲、南美洲、中美洲以及加勒比海地区在文化和语言上关系密切,因此有时还被称为“美洲的首都”。下面读文网小编为大家带来旅游英语之美国迈阿密英语简介,欢迎大家阅读!
it used to be called ‘god's waiting room'. and even today, if you mention miami to someone who hasn't been here or read about it lately, they might conjure up(回忆)a blurry memory of octogenarians(八十多岁)mingling poolside(游泳池边)while aunt sadie implored them to wait half an hour after eating before going into the water. today the old folks mingle with fashion designers, bikini(比基尼泳装)models, and a city that once had the highest murder rate in the us attracts more than 11 million tourists a year.
the greater miami area, which includes miami and miami beach as well as distinctive neighborhoods like little havana and little haiti, is a melting pot that america's founding fathers would be proud of. half of miami's population is hispanic(美籍西班牙人), and its immigrant communities focus on what's happening in havana or caracas(加拉加斯,委内瑞拉首都)as much as they follow events in washington dc, giving the city an international outlook. for the casual visitor this means a city peppered with the flavors of latin american food, language, music, politics and spirit.
miami is the most populated city in florida. it sits at the southeastern tip of the florida, the most southeastern state of the united states, bordered by the atlantic ocean to the east, the gulf of mexico to the west and the neighboring states of alabama and georgia to the north.
most visitors aren't here for miami itself, but rather to visit miami beach, an entirely separate municipality. miami is on the mainland, while the city of miami beach is on a thin barrier island about 4 miles east, across biscayne bay(比斯坎湾) - locals call it the billion dollar sandbar(十亿美元的沙坝)。 many of the beach's locals are imports from new york, people tired of sitting through five hours of snarled traffic on their way to the hamptons, who decided that miami beach made a lot more sense. they brought with them a fledgling art and culture crowd whose numbers included many younger artists.
the boundaries of ‘season' in miami - which used to be limited to winter - have been blurred by the huge number of people moving to the area and the stampede(蜂拥)of fashion and film shoots. but the most popular time to come here is still between december and may, when temperatures average between 16-30°c, and average rainfall is a scant couple of inches.
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漓江风光有山青、水秀、洞奇、石美“四胜”之誉。从桂林至阳朔的83公里漓江河段,是漓江精华,还有“深潭、险滩、流泉、飞瀑”的佳景,是岩溶地形发育典型、丰富和集中地带,集中了桂林山水的精华,令人有“舟行碧波上,人在画中游”之感。下面读文网小编为大家带来桂林漓江旅游英语导游词,欢迎大家阅读!
Hello! Ladies and gentlemen!Now, we reach Guangxi's most famous scenic spot and hottest tourist destination. I hope you'll enjoy it and have a chance to relax here.
Now, let me introduce Guilin's water system to you. It consists of two rivers and four lakes. Two rivers are the Lijiang and Taohua rivers, while the four lakes are Ronghu, Shanhu, Guihu, and Mulong Lakes. Together these bodies of water form the Guilin Water System's Dream Tour. This tour and construction of the water system began during the Tang Dynasty and was popular in Song Dynasty. During these periods, there were many lakes and ponds scattered throughout Guilin. The city's water system was thus highly developed. People could get to and enjoy all the well-known scenic spots by a small boat.
However, with the passage of time, the “two rivers and four lakes”were cut off from one another and Guilin's Water System became fragmented and the water quality worsened. In 1998, the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Administration carried out the “Two Rivers and Four Lakes”project. This involved connecting the rivers and lakes, cleaning out their water, particularly removing the silt and dirt, drawing water into lakes, making the hills and surrounding landscape greener, building the roads and bridges, and improving the cultural attractions. This project has not only rebuilt and expanded Guilin's old water system, but also improved the ecological environment of the central city and boosted its appearance and quality of life. For example, pleasure boats can once again be seen sailing on the waters within the city. This recreational landscape is one of the best in China and can be compared with other famous so-called “water cities”, including Venice and Amsterdam with their canals and Paris with its Seine River.
As you can see, Lijiang River is Guilin's quintessential landscape. Its water quality is also better than that of most Chinese rivers that flow through major cities. It is part of the Pearl River system and originates from “the first peaks of southern China”, the Mao'er Mountain. The 83-kilometer waterway from Guilin to Yangshuo is known as the “golden waterway” and is a must see for Chinese and foreign tourists visiting Guilin. Throughout human history numerous men of letters from very different countries have written memorable prose regarding the Lijiang River and its surrounding scenery's enchanting beauty. The Tang Dynasty poet, Han Yu, once praised the picturesque and poetic Lijiang River by writing that “the river is like a blue silk ribbon and the hills are like green jade hairpins ”.
From Guilin to Yangshuo, the prominent landforms are karst hoodoo peak clusters. The river flows around these mountains to form valleys. The scenery is the best in Caoping, Yangdi and Xingping. There are beautiful scenes of Nine Horses Fresco Hill, Yellow Cloth Reflection, and Half Side Ferry. The Lijiang landscape's appearance varies at different times of the year, from different viewpoints, and during different climates. On sunny days, the sky and river are a vast bright green world with no bounds between them; the thousand peaks and hills will provide a visual feast for your eyes. And on foggy days, the water is wreathed in mist, with the fog constantly disappearing and reappearing. On moonlit nights, the hills are clear as if they've been washed, while the river and its ripples are so green.
In the river section in Guilin, the valley is open, famous hills like Wave-Taming, Piled Silk, Elephant, Tunnel, and Pagoda Hills stand erect from the ground, and the cliffs are so steep that they seem to have been cut by a sword. So one of Lijiang's major features is indeed “green hills, clear water, fantastic caves and charming rocks”。 Every scene of the hundred-mile Lijiang River is a typical Chinese ink painting.
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科罗拉多大峡谷位于美国亚利桑那州(Arizona)西北部,科罗拉多高原西南部,是世界上的大峡谷之一,也是地球上自然界七大奇景之一。下面读文网小编为大家带来旅游英语科罗拉多大峡谷英语介绍,欢迎大家阅读!
亿万年来,奔腾的科罗拉多河从美国西部亚利桑那洲北部的堪帕布高原中,切割出这令人震撼的奇迹——科罗拉多大峡谷,只要登高远望,就可以清楚看到坦如桌面的高原上的一道大裂痕,那就是科罗拉多河在这片洪荒大地上的印记。无人能一眼看遍大峡谷的全貌。只有从高空俯瞰,才有可能完整地欣赏这条大地的裂缝。真正身临其境的人,只能从峡谷南缘或者北缘欣赏大峡谷的一部分。这倒是应了“不识庐山真面目,只缘身在此山中”的道理。全世界许多到过此地的人为之感叹:只有闻名遐迩的科罗拉多大峡谷才是美国真正的象征。
科罗拉多大峡谷是自然的奇迹,站在峡谷边缘,会惊异这片土地怎么就被鬼斧神工地辟开在你面前,露出里面斑斓的层层断面。峭壁下的深渊深不可测,尽管有护栏围着,但是来自那深渊的魔力仍然让人胆寒,不敢正视。你会疑心自己到了地狱门口,而冥王正笑着端详下一个猎物。仿佛自己已经走到了世界的尽头,孤单单地把整个世界抛在了身后。它带给你一种难以名状的震慑,所谓人类的历史,时间的流逝,在这道鸿沟面前似乎也只能归于一粒沙尘。
很多人选择骑骡子或骑马去谷底闯荡一遭。如果真的下到谷底,就会发现这里又是另一片天地。体验到的不过是当年西部牛仔驰骋荒原的生活。美国西部片里常出现的牛仔骑马挎枪,骑马飞奔在寸草不生的红土地上的情景就是当年大峡谷地区的写照。很多西部片都在这里取景,因为这里有最纯粹的西部风情。
大峡谷为访问者提供了无以伦比的机会从陡立丛生的悬崖边欣赏壮观的远古峡谷中狭长景色。它并不是世界上最深的峡谷,但是大峡谷凭藉其超乎寻常的体表和错综复杂、色彩丰富的地面景观而驰名。从地质角度上来看,它非常有价值因为裸露在峡谷石壁上的从远古保留下来的巨大石块因其坚硬和粗犷而美丽。这些石层无声地记载了北美大陆早期地质形成发展的过程。当然,这里也是地球上关于风蚀研究所能找到的最迷人的景点。
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导游词是导游人员引导游客观光游览时的讲解词,是导游员同游客交流思想,向游客传播文化知识的工具。那么你知道导游词用英语怎么说吗?下面读文网小编为大家带来导游词的英语说法,希望对大家有所帮助!
幽默导游词 Guide's Humorous Commenetare
英语导游词 English tour guide Word
北京英文导游词 Brief Introduction of Beijing
导游词文本 texts for tour guide presentation
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