为您找到与给老外打电话注意什么相关的共189个结果:
英语交流非常重视,或者说是非常重要的一个环节就是肢体语言。英语中有一句谚语是这样说的 :Actions speak louder than words。意思就是肢体语言比口述更有力量。世界上最大的猎头公司Korn/Ferry International的人力资源专家的统计结论也显示,“In a job interview,you will be virtually fully judged within the first 30 seconds, even before you start to talk.”(在工作面试中,你甚至还没有开始讲话,面试官实际上已经在30秒之内对你有了全面的评价。)这其中:visual (what yousee,你所看到的)占55%;audio(what you hear,你所听到的)占38%;content(what is said,你们真正的谈话内容)占7%。
由此可见,语言在交流中扮演着重要的角色。而在与外籍人士交流中有哪些招数呢?
--How abouta break?
当会议因冗长而陷于沉闷、紧张的气氛时,做无意义的僵持是无法获得令人满意的结果的。如果能在不打断对方的情形下提出“How about a break?”(休息一下如何?)对方必能欣然接受,紧张的气氛也立刻得以经解。当你们再回到会议桌时,也能以清晰的思路继续沟通。
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打电话是我们打得多,可是你知道怎么用英语和外国人打电话吗?有没有注意到打电话时汉语和英语在习惯表达方式上的差异呢?下面是读文网小编为大家带来打电话英文正式表达,欢迎大家学习!
1. I've been cut off.(我被强行挂断电话了)
2. Sorry, you must have the wrong number.(你打错电话了)
3. Sorry, I'm busy at the moment.(对不起我现在很忙)
4. I can't get a dialing tone.(没有拨号音)
5. The line is engaged.(电话占线)
6. Can you hear me?(你听得见我说话吗?)
7. I'm about to run out of credit.(我手机要没话费了)
8. My battery's about to run out.(我手机要没电了)
9. I've got a very weak signal.(我的信号很弱)
10. I'll text you later.(我稍后发信息给你)
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电话是现代通话的一个工具,联系工作办点儿事都比较方便。那么你知道打电话用英语怎么说吗?下面读文网小编为大家带来打电话的英语说法,希望对大家的学习有所帮助!
1. He'd phoned Laura to see if she was better.
他打电话给劳拉看她是不是好些了。
2. I got a severe telling off for not phoning him.
我因为没给他打电话,被狠狠训斥了一顿。
3. He'd telephoned with some phoney excuse she didn't believe for a minute.
他找了某个她根本不会相信的借口给她打电话。
4. Melanie promised that she would call them in the morning.
梅拉妮许诺第二天上午给他们打电话。
5. She could ring for food and drink, laundry and sundry services.
她可以打电话点餐,叫人来取要洗的衣服以及叫其他各种服务。
6. Just phone in your order three or more days prior to departure.
在出发的三天之前打电话预订即可。
7. Perhaps if you rang me when you got back to your office?
你回到办公室后给我打电话怎么样?
8. Would you call me as soon as you find out?
你一弄清楚了就给我打电话好吗?
9. All day she had fought off the impulse to telephone Harry.
她一整天都在克制自己想给哈里打电话的冲动。
10. Callers are charged a premium rate of 48p a minute.
打电话要支付每分钟48便士的附加费。
11. We rang Duncan to ask where he was going on holiday.
我们打电话给邓肯,问他要去哪里度假。
12. The worst thing is when you call friends and they've gone out.
最糟糕的事情是,你给朋友打电话,而他们却出去了。
13. I'm sorry to call so late, but I need a favour.
这么晚打电话真是抱歉,可是我需要帮个忙。
14. I just had a feeling that it was Santero on the telephone.
我隐隐觉得打电话的是桑特罗。
15. She's on the line from her home in Boston.
她是在波士顿家中打电话。
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注意基本解释为 留意、关注。是心理活动对一定对象的指向和集中。是伴随着感知觉、记忆、思维、想象等心理过程的一种共同的心理特征。那么你知道注意用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。
be careful
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英文写作的四种文体及注意事项
同文体的写作
书面表达旨在测试学生的英语书面表达能力。高考的书面表达是一种指导性写作。试题对写作的目的,对象,体裁及字数等都有明确的规定。提供给学生的材料形式为文字,图画或图表。试题要求学生根据所给的情景和要表达的意义,写出一篇 100 字左右的文章。高考中常见的文体为记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文等。
(一)记叙文:
记叙文是以叙述人物的经历或事物的发展变化过程为主的一种文体。它分为记人和记事两种。记叙文的几个要点为:
1. 时间、地点、人物、事件,这几个要素在写作时要交代清楚。
2. 人称:记叙文一般可以有第一人称和第三人称两种叙事方式:第一人称是作者以当事人的口吻,把文章中的事情以“我”的所见所闻的方式来叙述,第三人称是写作者从旁观者的角度来叙述,反映事件中的不同人的感受和见解。
3. 记叙文的线索一般为时间,即按照事件的发展顺序来写。以可以按照地点的线索来写,即以地点的转移为顺序。
4. 重点突出,层次分明,详略得当。
5. 注意文章的完整性。
6. 所用的时态通常为一般过去时。
例: NMET 2004 辽宁卷
下面四幅图片描述的是星期天上午在中山公园里发生的一件事。请根据图片所提供的信息用英语为你校的“英语园地”写一篇文章。
注意:1. 短文必须包括所有图片的主要内容,短文的内容要连贯,完整。
2. 短文单词数 100左右。
3. 参考词汇:货摊 stand 抢夺 snatch 逮捕 arrest
写作步骤:
1. 审题:理解图意,将几幅图连成一个完整的故事。
2. 列出要点:
地点:公园的冰激凌货摊旁。
人物:一名年轻妇女,一个小偷和一个老人。
事件:年轻妇女的包被抢,人们追赶,老人用伞将其绊倒,警察逮捕抢劫者,妇女和人们感谢老人。
3. 将要点扩展成文,注意上下文的连接,用适当的连词,副词。
4. 通读一遍,改错。
Possible Version:
One Sunday morning, there were some people in Zhongshan Park. At a stand, a woman was buying an ice cream when a young man behind her snatched her handbag away. She shouted, “Stop the thief! He’s snatched my bag!” Hearing this, a few people began to run after him. There was an old man sitting quietly on a bench nearby. As the snatcher was running past him, the old man quickly picked up his umbrella and put it between the snatcher’s legs. The young man fell down on the ground hard. Soon two policemen came in a police car and arrested him. The woman thanked the old man, and the people around praised the old man for his cleverness.
(二)议论文:
在近几年的高考中,议论文的比重占得越来越多,议论文的出题形式可以多种多样,有看图写作、图表、表格、书信等各种类型,但文体实际上是议论文,而有时是夹叙的议论文。议论文的写作要点是:
1. 观点鲜明,文章一定有一个明确的中心论点。
2. 层次分明,一个中心论点通常有几个分论点支持,不同层次之间要分明,过渡清晰自然。
3. 最后一段一般要总结全文,得出一个符合逻辑的结论,突出中心思想。
4. 一般采用一般现在时。
5. 语言简洁有力,一般不采用口语。
例:
2005年全国高考英语(福建卷)
目前,学校存在少数学生考试作弊现象。某英文杂志社拟对此现象向中学生征文,标题是“My opinion on Cheating in Examinations”,请根据下列提示用英语写一篇征文稿。
内容要点如下:
主要原因:考试偏多,偏难;不用功,懒惰;取悦老师,父母
个人看法:作弊不对,影响校规;要诚实,努力学习;……其他看法
注意:
1. 短文必须包括所有内容要点,可适当发挥;
2. 短文标题与开头已为你写好,不计入总词数;
3. 词数:100左右;
4. 参考词汇:作弊 cheat (v.)
写作思路:
1. 首先审题,确定要点——本文的中心论题是:My pinions on Cheating in Examinations ,所以首先要提出中心论题,点题。
2. 接下来从两方面来讨论这个问题,可以分做两段,现分析这种现象的产生原因, 然后很自然地过渡到自己的看法。在讲述自己看法时要有鲜明的观点及支持观点的论据。
3. 最后对自己的观点做简短的总结,点题。
Possible Version:
My opinions on Cheating in Examinations
It is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school.
As students, we often take examinations at school, but sometimes we have too many examinations which are too difficult for us. On the other hand, some of us are lazy and don’t work hard at their lessons. So when taking examinations, they sometimes cheat in order to get better results to please their parents and teachers.
In my opinions , it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools. We students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard instead of cheating in examinations. What’s more, we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examinations.
In a word, it is wrong to cheat in examinations.
(三)说明文:
说明文是以简明的文字介绍事物的形状、性质、构造、变化、功用、特征等的文章。写好说明文的关键是抓住事物的特征,说明事物的顺序要有一定的逻辑性。
说明文常见的顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序等。
例: NMET 2004 江苏
假设你是李晓华,住在江城。你的加拿大笔友Bob来信谈到了你所居住的城市,并希望了解你家乡江城的情况。请你用英语写一封回信。回信必须包括下表中的内容:
自然情况:位于长江边,风景优美,适合居住;
成就:经济发展迅速;新建了不少工厂、住房、道路等;
存在问题:水,空气污染;交通拥挤;
对江城发展的看法:自己拟定;
注意:
1. 回信中不能使用“江城 ”以外的地名。
2. 词数:100左右。信的开头与结尾已为你写好,不计入词数。
3. 参考词汇:经济 economy n.
Dear Bob,
It’s very kind of you to write me and let me know about our beautiful city. Now I’d like to tell you something about my hometown Jiangcheng.
Yours,
Xiaohua
写作思路:
1. 首先确定这是一篇描述地方的说明文。
2. 确定写作要点:根据所给信息,大体可以分为三个部分——城市简介,可以按照地理位置、自然环境、城市面貌和变化发展这样的逻辑顺序写,接下来写你看到的问题,最后写你的一些看法和建议。
3. 各层次之间注意使用恰当的连词,让过渡自然,结构合理。比如: however, in my opinion 等。
Possible Version:
Dear Bob,
It’s very kind of you to write me and let me know about our beautiful city. Now I’d like to tell you something about my hometown Jiangcheng.
The city stands on the bank of the Changjiang river. It is a beautiful place for people to live in. Its economy has been developing rapidly in the past ten years. New factories, houses, and roads have been built. More schools and hospitals are available for its people. However, there are still some problems, such as water and air pollution and heavy traffic in rush hours. In my opinion, Jiangcheng should develop its economy scientifically. I would also think that the growth of its population should be brought under control so that we’ll have a better hometown in future.
Yours,
Xiaohua
(四)应用文:包括书信、通知、便条等。
(1)书信写作:在我们的日常生活中,我们经常给朋友、父母、亲戚等写信,这些信件都属于私人信件。私人书信是写给亲朋好友的,不仅是互通信息的工具,也是交流感情的渠道。书信写作是高考中经常出现的一种题型。写作时应注意以下要点:
1. 写好开头,提一提来信里谈到的各项事情,顺笔写来。
2. 一般先答复对方的问题,然后再谈自己想要说的话。
3. 结束信时要向对方表示友善或亲切的问候。
4. 语言要自然、平实、简洁。
Useful Expressions:
1. I’m very pleased to hear from you yesterday.
2. I’m sorry I’ve taken so long to answer your last letter.
3. We were all so pleased to hear you will be coming to visit us.
4. Look forward to hearing from you soon.
5. Please write back soon.
6. Do write to us when you have time.
7. We hope to hear from you soon.
8. Give my best wishes to the family.
例:
NMET 2005北京卷
美国中学生Jeff将要来你所在的红星中学学习中文,经协商安排住在你家。假设你是李华,请给Jeff写一封信,按照下图顺序介绍他来中国后的生活安排。
注意:1. 信的开头已为你写好。
2. 字数不少于60。
Dear Jeff,
I’m Li Hua from Beijing Hongxing School. I’m very happy to learn that you’re going to stay with my family while you’ re in Beijing.
写作要点:
1. 审清图意 信的内容包括以下几点:住宿、上学、就餐和课后活动。
2. 信可以分为三段来写,力求结构清晰,思路完整。
3. 注意语言亲切自然,避免使用过于书面的语言,比如过多的从句或过于华丽的词汇。
Possible Version:
Dear Jeff,
I’m Li Hua from Beijing Hongxing School . I’m very happy to learn that you’re going to stay with my family while you’re in Beijing.
While you are here, we’ll provide you with a room of your own with a bed, a desk, a couple of chairs and a TV. You’ll also have your own bathroom. Our school is quite close to our home, so we could go to school together by bike. At noon we’ll eat at the school dining hall. I’m sure you’ll like the delicious Chinese food there, and enjoy talking with friends over lunch. Classes in our school usually finish at 4:00 in the afternoon. You can then join other students in playing games or swimming. It will be a lot of fun.
If you have any questions or requests, please let me know. We’ll try our best to make your stay here in Beijing a pleasant experience.
Best wishes,
Li Hua
(2)通知的写作
通知是一种安排活动或布置工作时使用的文体,包括了口头通知和书面通知。口头通知是当面向有关人员口授有关活动的信息,而书面通知是以布告的形式把事情通知给有关人员。通知的要素是时间,地点,对象,事件具体内容,注意事项等。通知的语言应该是简洁明了,直截了当。还应该注意要有一定的逻辑顺序。
注意:
1)口头通知一般都会将下列词句放在开头
Ladies and gentlemen
Boys and girls
May I have your attention , please?
I have something important to tell you.
结尾时会以以下句子结束:That’s all. Thank you.
2)书面通知在正文之前的正中位置写Notice字样,结尾要写明时间及发出通知的单位。
例:
广播通知:
你校学生会将为来访的美国朋友举办一个晚会,要在学校广播中宣布此事,并欢迎大家参加。为使美国朋友能听懂,请你用英语写一篇广播通知。
要点如下:
宗旨:欢迎来访的美国朋友
组织者:学生会
时间:7月13日(星期六)晚7:30
活动内容:音乐,跳舞,唱歌,游戏,交换小礼品(请包装好,签名并在包装外面写上几个祝愿词)
May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make. The Students’ Union is going to hold a party on Saturday evening, July 13, to welcome our friends from the United States. The party will be held in the roof garden of the Main Building. It will begin at 7:30 PM. There will be music, dancing, singing, games and exchange of gifts. You may bring along a small gift for this purpose. Remember to wrap it up, sign your name and write a few words of good wishes.
Don’t forget: 7:30, Saturday evening, roof garden, Main Building. It’s sure to be a lot of fun. Everybody is welcome.
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学会打外贸电话是一项很重要的技能。接下来小编为大家整理了外贸打电话英语口语,希望对你有帮助哦!
1. Would you please send me the data by e-mail?
2. Could you fax the data to my office?
3. Would you send the data by fax?
4. Could you post the data to me
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你想在商界是脱颖而出吗?注意,一封小小的商务信件是关乎您事业的威力所在,不要小看它。接下来小编为大家整理了商务书信写作应注意什么,希望对你有帮助哦!
1.大小写要注意。除非必要不要整个词都大写,除非要骂人。
例如: MUST change to OS immediately. 外国人就觉得不礼貌和喝令人一样。要强调的话,用底线,斜字,粗体就可以了。
rescind our earlier estimate, we have updated our report to include $40,000 for new equipment. (We决定呀, 不是report.)
例子: He decided not to audit the last ten contracts. Because of our previous objections about compliance. 两个句子应该连在一起:He decided not to audit the last ten contracts because of our previous objections about compliance.
3.结构对称,令人容易理解。例子: The owner questioned the occupant's lease intentions and the fact that the contract had been altered with ink markings. 应改为: The owner questioned the occupant's lease intentions and ink alterations of the contract.
4.单复数不要搞乱,不然会好刺眼,看着不舒服。例如: An authorized person must show that they have security clearance. 应改为 Authorized persons must show that they have security clearance.
5.动词和主语要呼应。想想这两个句子的分别: 1. This is one of the public-relations functions that is under-budgeted. 2. This is one of the public-relations functions, which are under-budgeted.
6.时态和语气不要转换太多。看商务英语已经是苦事,不要浪费人家的精力啊。
7.标点要准确。例如: He did not make repairs, however, he continued to monitor the equipment. 应改为: He did not make repairs; however, he continued to monitor the equipment.
8.选词正确。像affect和effect,operative和operational等等就要弄清楚才好用啦。
9.拼字正确。有电脑拼字检查功能后,就更加不能偷懒。
10.切忌主客不分或模糊。例子: Deciding to rescind the earlier estimate, our report was updated to include $40,000 for new equipment.应改为 Deciding to
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工欲善其事必先利其器,在进入雅思听力练习前我们先来好好了解雅思听力以及在练习雅思听力是可以用到的一些有用的小技巧
考生的听力理解能力是雅思听力考试的另外一个重点。考生若想听懂内容,则必须掌握同义词,词组,以及句式的转换。
例如,剑6 Test1 的Section 2 中,我们会发现有以下的同义词替换。
Question 11: access= entrance
Question 12: reopen….next few month = temporarily closed
Question 13: fewer =reduced in number
Question 14: twice = doubled in number
听力中,同义词,词组替换还有很多,考生需要通过不断的练习,积累,熟练掌握这些同义替换。
此外,句式的替换在听力中也十分常见,比如,主动与被动互换,名词与动词互换等等。
剑4 test 1中,有一句子填空题:The metal industry was established at Riverside Village by ___________who lived in the area.
从题中可以看到,这是一个被动语态,空格处应该填写创立者。
原文为: At that time, local craftsmen first built an iron forge just behind the village here.
其中 built =was established , 是一个典型的主动与被动互换。
再有剑6 Test 2 Section 3中,一题为: Couldn’t find Ericsson’s essays on managing the ___________.
原文中 I’m afraid I didn’t manage to get hold of the essays about classroom management. 此处为名词与动词互换。
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马上就要过春节了,送礼给老板虽然并不是一个常见现象,但是如果要送礼也有一些需要注意的地方,否则只会给老板留下不好的印象。下面读文网小编为大家带来过节送礼给老板要注意的地方,希望能对大家有所帮助!
Now that you know the tradition, think about why you want to give your boss a gift in the first place.
"If the answer is because you want to curry favor, I wouldn't do it," said Bennett. "The risk is that your boss will see it as trying to twist the relationship and get an advantage. You don't want to make your boss uncomfortable."
既然你了解了过去送礼习惯,下面来考虑自己到底为什么要送老板礼物。
Bennett说:“如果回答是因为你想去讨好,要我可不会送。风险在于你的老板可能把礼物看作扭曲关系真相、占便宜的行为。你可不希望让对方感觉不自在。”
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小编为大家整理了美国人打电话常用句子,希望对你有帮助哦!
Hold on. (最常见)
I'll get him, Hold on please.
Hold on, let me see if he is here.
One moment please.
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英译商务合同貌似简单,实则不然。商务合同是一种特殊的应用文体,重在记实,用词行文的一大特点就是准确与严谨。
本文拟运用翻译教学中所积累的英译商务合同的实例,从三个方面论述如何从大处着眼、小处着手、力求准确严谨英译商务合同。
实践证明,英译合同中容易出现差错的地方,一般来说,不是大的陈述性条款。而恰恰是一些关键的细目.比如:金钱、时间、数量等。为了避免出差错,在英译合同时,常常使用一些有限定作用的结构来界定细目所指定的确切范围。
(1)限定责任
众所周知,合同中要明确规定双方的责任。为英译出双方责任的权限与范围,常常使用连词和介词的固定结构。现把最常用的此类结构举例说明如下。
例9: and/or
var script = document.createElement('script'); script.src = 'http://static.pay.baidu.com/resource/baichuan/ns.js'; document.body.appendChild(script);
常用 and/or英译合同中“甲和乙+甲或乙”的内容,这样就可避免漏译其中的一部分。 例 9:如果上述货物对船舶和(或)船上其它货物造成任何损害,托运人应负全责。 The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the ship and/or cargo on buard.3.1.2 by and between常用 by and between强调合同是由“双方”签订的,因此双方必须严格履行合同所赋于的责任。
例 10:买卖双方同意按下述条款购买出售下列商品并签订本合同。
This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the undermentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below.3.2限定时间英译与时间有关的文字,都应非常严格慎重地处理,因为合同对时间的要求是准确无误。所以英译起止时间时,常用以下结构来限定准确的时间。
(2)双介词
用双介词英译含当天日期在内的起止时间。
例 11: 自 9月 2O日起,甲方已无权接受任何定单或收据。
Party Ashall be unauthorized to accept any orders or to collect any account on and after September 20.例 12:我公司的条件是,3个月内,即不得晚于 5月 1日,支付现金。
Our terms are cash within three months, i.e. on or before May 1.3.2.2 not(no)later than用“not (no) later than +日期”英译“不迟于某月某日”。
例 13:本合同签字之日一个月内,即不迟于 12月 15日,你方须将货物装船。 Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract, i.e. not later than December 15.3.2.3 include的相应形式常用 include的相应形式:inclusive、including和 included,来限定含当日在内的时间。
例 14:本证在北京议付,有效期至 1月 1日。
This credit expires till January 1(inclusive) for negotiation in Beijing. (or:This credit expires till and including January 1 for negotiation in Beijing.)如果不包括 1月 1日在内,英译为 till and not including January 1。
(3) 限定金额 为避免金额数量的差漏、伪造或涂改,英译时常用以下措施严格把关。 3.3.1.大写文字重复金额 英译金额须在小写之后,在括号内用大写文字重复该金额,即使原文合同中没有大写,英译时也有必要加上大写。在大写文字前加上“SAY”,意为“大写”;在最后加上“ONLY”.意思为“整”。必须注意:小写与大写的金额数量要一致。 例16:聘方须每月付给受聘方美元500元整。 Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $ 500 (SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY).3.3.2.正确使用货币符号英译金额必须注意区分和正确使用各种不同的货币名称符号。“$”既可代表“美元”,又可代表其他某些地方的货币;而“£”不仅代表“英镑”,又可代表其他某些地方的货币。 必须注意:当金额用数字书写时,金额数字必须紧靠货币符号,例如:Can $891,568,不能写成:Can $ 891,568。另外,翻译的还要特别注意金额中是小数点(.)还是分节号(,),因为这两个符号极易引起笔误,稍有疏忽,其后果是不堪设想的。
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如果想要出国旅游,那就有必要学习一些常用旅游英语口语。下面读文网小编为大家带来出国旅游必备英语口语:打电话,欢迎大家学习!
Operator:Hello, this is the hotel operator, may I help you?
接线员:您好,这里是酒店接线员,能为您做些什么吗?
Larry:Yes, l'd like to make an overseas catl to Chinar
拉里:我想打一个越洋电话到中国。
Operator:You may call direct from your room and it's cheaper.
接线员:您可以在房间里直接打,那样更便宜些。
Larry:Oh, I didn t know how to do it and how much it is.
拉里:噢,我不知道如何打并且不知道多少钱。
Operator:The country codes are listed in the Services Direction in your room. please dial 3330 before the country code and then dial the area code and number. Please don t dial 9 before the entire number as you would for an outside call . A three-minute person-to-person call is 7 dollars on weekdays and 6 dollars on the weekends. A station call is 6. 5 dollars on weekdays and 5 dollars on the weekends. For each additional minute the charge is 2.5 dollars.
接线员:您房间的服务簿上有国家代码,请在国家代码前拨3330,然后再拨区号和号码。不要像平常拨外线电话那样先拨90三分钟的指名电话在周一至周五是7美元,周末是6美元。叫号电话周一至周五是6.5美元,周末是5美元。每超一分钟,费用是2.5美元。
Larry:l see, thank you.
拉里:我知道了,谢谢。
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摘要:咖啡因是中枢神经系统兴奋剂的一种。但这就意味着咖啡因能在治疗多动症方面取代药物么?一天喝几杯咖啡就能使罹患多动症的儿童注意力集中,并且改善冲动或多动行为吗?
Central nervous system stimulant medicines are the most commonly prescribed medications to treat symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These stimulants activate the level of activity, arousal, or alertness of the central nervous system. They work by “stimulating” and increasing the availability of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, making pathways in the brain work more effectively.
中枢神经系统兴奋剂是治疗注意性缺障碍症(多动症)的一剂常用良方。这些兴奋剂提升了人们控制行为的能力,唤醒并使中枢神经系统处于警觉状态。这些药物的主要职能是“刺激”并增加大脑中某些神经递质的能动性,让大脑工作的效率更高。
All three subtypes of ADHD -- the Combined type, the Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive type, and the Predominantly Inattentive type -- respond to stimulant therapy.
共有三种亚型多动症:组合型多动症,冲动型多动症以及完全无法集中注意力为主要特征的多动症——刺激疗法都可以奏效。
Caffeine is also a central nervous system stimulant. Is caffeine an alternative therapeutic strategy for the management of ADHD symptoms? Can a few cups of coffee a day effectively improve mental focus and attention and reduce impulsive or hyperactive behavior in children with ADHD?
咖啡因也是中枢神经系统兴奋剂的一种。但这就意味着咖啡因能在治疗多动症方面取代药物么?一天喝几杯咖啡就能使罹患多动症的儿童注意力集中,并且改善冲动或多动行为吗?
Research on Caffeine and ADHD
关于喝咖啡治疗多动症的研究
Research published in the International Journal of Neuropychophamacology (December 2005) studied the effect of caffeine on animal models of ADHD – rats with ADHD-like symptoms including hyperactivity, impulsivity, poorly sustained attention, and deficits in learning and memory processes.
发表在国际期刊International Journal of Neuropychophamacology (2005年第十二期)的一篇文章研究了咖啡因在动物样本上治疗多动症的效果——有多动症状的冲动,缺乏持续注意力,有认知记忆缺陷的老鼠样本。
The study found that caffeine improved several learning and memory impairments in the animal models of ADHD.
研究发现,咖啡因确实在动物样本实验中对认知与记忆障碍的症状有所改善。
Research published in the journal Neuroscience Letters (2011) further evaluated the effect of caffeine on motor activity and attention deficit, again using a genetic animal model of ADHD. In the study investigators observed no changes in the motor activity measurements before and after caffeine administration, however a significant improvement in the attention deficit of the ADHD rats was achieved after caffeine treatment.
学术期刊Neuroscience Letters(《神经科学》2011年出版)中关于此的研究进一步评估了咖啡因对肌动运动和注意力缺陷的影响,仍是通过多动症动物样本实验。在此次研究中研究人员发现,服用咖啡因前后的小鼠的激动运动值没有变化,而有缺陷性多动障碍的小鼠则在服用后症状有相当大的改善。
Caffeine for ADHD in Children?
咖啡因与多动症儿童
Though improvements have been noted in animal models and in anecdotal reports, research on the safety and effectiveness of caffeine in the treatment of ADHD is very limited. We tend to think of caffeine as an innocuous substance – after all it is naturally found in coffee, tea, and cocoa – , however, it is still a drug and a central nervous stimulant.
虽然在动物样本实验和报告中,咖啡因都表现得不错,但其在治疗多动症的安全性与有效性方面的相关研究是非常少的。我们倾向于认为咖啡因是一种对人体无害的物质,毕竟咖啡,茶和可可中都有咖啡因存在。但是,它仍然是药物,是一种中枢神经兴奋剂。
Many pediatricians caution against the use of caffeine as a treatment choice for ADHD. It tends to be shorter acting as compared to the stimulant medications, so any positive effects are shorter lasting. In addition, there are currently no dosage recommendations for managing ADHD with caffeine.
许多儿科医生极不赞成将咖啡因用于多动症的治疗。和其它刺激性药物相比,它的作用时间较短,所以发挥效能的时间也短。此外,目前还没有任何关于咖啡因治疗注意缺陷行多动症的用量建议。
Like all stimulants, caffeine can result in negative side effects such as anxiety, restlessness, insomnia, stomachaches, and tachycardia when consumed in higher doses. Children are often more susceptible to these adverse effects as compared to adults.
和所有其他刺激性药物一样,人们服用过量咖啡因时,咖啡因会带来不好的副作用,比如焦虑,烦躁,失眠,胃痛,心跳加速等症状。而孩子对副作用的反应比成年人更敏感。
At this time there is insufficient information available to recommend caffeine for children with ADHD. Treatment approaches with documented efficacy and safety include behavioral interventions and when indicated prescription stimulant medication.
目前,推荐咖啡因作为儿童多动症的治疗手段明显证据不足。已记录的治疗方法仍是有效性与安全性有保障的处方兴奋剂药物。
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在打商务电话也是有一定技巧的。接下来小编为大家整理了打商务电话需注意什么,希望对你有帮助哦!
As your companys representative, your phone manners should be impeccable. Too many workers who are abrupt on the phone rationalize their behavior by saying its okay or even expected.since theyre at work, but this isnt true. You are putting across your companys image and should work just as hard at it on the phone as you would in person.
作为公司的代表,你打电话的举止应该是无可挑剔的。许多在打电话时举止粗鲁的工作人员给自己的行为找理由,说那是可以接受的,甚至理应如此,因为他们正在工作。但这是说不通的。你实际上是在为公司树立形象,因此应该就像面见对方一样尽可能打好电话。
There are several accepted ways to answer a telephone at work. You can simply say Hello or you can say your name, as in June Johnson speaking. You dont need to say the companys name if a receptionist or a secretary has already done so. Try to speak in a pleasant, unrushed voice. If you are rushed and cant talk, its better to say this and make plans to call back later. Dont rustle papers or work while youre speaking on the phone.If youre really too distracted to speak, then reschedule the call.
接工作电话有几种广为接受的方式。你可以只说你好或说出你的姓名,如我是琼·约翰逊。如果接线员或秘书已经说出了公司的名字,你便不必再说。通话时尽量声音悦耳,不急不躁。如果你手头正忙无法说话,最好实话实说,告诉对方一会儿再打过去。通话时不要让纸张瑟瑟作响,也不要边说边工作。如果你实在无法集中精神通话,那就安排另外通话的时间。
Its okay and sometimes even necessary to screen your calls. But theres a right and a wrong way to do this. First train your secretary to do it politely. Its better to ask May I know whos calling? than Who is this? or even Whos calling? Second, dont instruct your secretary to say you are out when you are in. Its acceptable to be in but too busy to talk at the moment and its always better to be honest. Callers sense the difference, and besides, it may not look good if youre always out.
有选择地接电话是可以的,有时甚至是必要的。但是如何做则有正误之分。首先训练你的秘书要有礼貌。最好问我能问是哪位打来的吗?,而不是谁呀?,更不是谁在打电话?。第二,不要教你的秘书在你在的时候说不在。说工作太忙无暇通话是可以接受的以诚相待永远是上策。打电话的人能听出不同,况且,如果你总不在也不太好。
Its rude not to return telephone calls regardless of whom they are from. You might be ignoring a potential customer. Many people today dont bother to return phone calls, and if you work for someone else,its highly unlikely that such behavior is acceptable. When you do return calls, try to place them yourself. If you must have your secretary make the call, then get on the line immediately. Its not polite to keep someone waiting when youve placed the call.
不回电话是无礼的不管电话来自何人。你或许会错过一个可能成为客户的人。当今许多人不屑回电话,但如果你身为别人的雇员,如此行为恐怕难以接受。当你能够回电话时,尽量自己做。如果你必须先让你的秘书代劳,那么应尽快接过电话。如果电话是你打的,让对方久等是不礼貌的。
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随着现代商务活动的日益频繁,社会对商务合同的需要也越来越迫切,在签订合同的时候,需要注意的事情也越来越多。今天小编给大家整理了商务合同注意事项_签商务合同需要注意什么供大家参考,我们一起来看看吧!
名称(Title):合同应有名称,表明合同的性质和贸易方式,如国际贸易中的销售合同、补偿贸易合同等。
总则 (General Principle):合同签订日期、地点、当事人和约因。商品品名 (Name of Commodity):商品的品名应采用国际上的通称,以便于计算关税和运价。
质量 (Quality):合同中应列明商品的规格及其质量。
数量 (Quantity):合同中应注明数量的计算单位 (cartons, case, set,piece, etc.)和交货总量。价格 (Price):价格是至关重要的,应注明单价,计价的硬通货和总值。
包装 (Packing):包装应注明内包装和外包装的容量、尺码、重量和唛头。
交货 (Shipment&Delivery):要按《国际贸易术语解释通则》注明交货和提货的港口或地点,如FOB shanghai, CIF New York, CFR Vancouver等。
付款 (Terms of Payment):合同中应明确规定付款方式,如T/T,L/C,D/P,D/A等,及付款的货币和日期。
保险 (Insurance):保险条款中应订明投保人 (insurer)、险别 (coverage)、保险金额等。
检验 (Inspection):合同中应规定检验标准、方法及费用。索赔 (Claim):合同中应订明索赔的原则、期限和双方认可的索赔报告或证明文件。
违约 (Breach):合同中应规定违法,毁约 (rescission)的因由、赔偿及债务债权的责任。
仲裁 (Arbitration):合同中明确规定仲裁范围、地点、仲裁委员会、仲裁人的选定、仲裁费等。
不可抗力 (Force Majeure):指人类无法控制的以外事件,包括天灾和人祸,如闪电、风暴、水灾、战争、罢工等。专利 (Patent):若产品已有专利,要明确规定专利范围及责任。保密 (Confidential):若合同属于保密,应规定保密项目、范围和措施。
培训 (Training):若有培训计划,应订明培训项目、期限、人次、费用等。
适用法律 (Applicable Laws):若应遵循有关法规和条令,应在合同中订明,以便解决纠纷和争议。
其他 (Miscellaneous):凡合同中尚未订明的条款或事项,如合同的修改和展延,拒绝行贿受贿、产品的特殊关税等等条款都应列明。
结尾 (Witness):合法应经法人签字,根据需要加盖公章,方能生效。
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下面是读文网小编整理的日常打电话英语口语, 希望对大家有帮助。
您能过会儿再打来吗?
Could you call back later?
Would you call again later?
Would you mind calling back later?
请10分钟后再打。
Please call me back in ten minutes. *in表示“从现在到……以后”、“……以后”。如果要特别强调在“……时间之内”的话,用within。表示在“某时间以后”,用after。
Would you call me back in ten minutes, if you don't mind? (你能10分钟以后再打来吗?)
Would you call me back in ten minutes if possible? (你能不能10分钟以后再打来?)
您要给他留言吗?
May I take a message?
May I take a message? (您要给他留言吗?)
No, thank you. (不用了,谢谢。)
Is there any message?
Would you like to leave a message?
Shall I take a message?
Could I take a message?
Do you have any message?
May I take a message?
过会儿我再打。
I'll try again later.
I'll call back later.
I'll call again in an hour. (一个小时后我再打来。)
能留个口信吗?
Can I leave a message?
Can I leave Mr. Smith a message? (能给史密斯先生留个口信吗?)
我给你打电话了,可是占线。
I called but your line was busy.
I called but your line was engaged. *英式英语。
请告诉他林恩·凯恩给他打过电话。
Would you tell him that Lynn Kane called?
Please tell him to call Lynn Kane. (请让他给林恩·凯恩打电话。)
请转告他让他给我回个电话。
Please tell him to call me.
Please ask him to call me.
Please have him call me back. (请让他给我打电话。)
他怎么跟您联系呢?
How can he get a hold of you?
How can he get in touch with you?
How can he get in contact with you?
请告诉我您的电话号码。
Your number, please?
Your number, please? (请告诉我您的电话号码。)
My number is 1234-1234. (我的电话号码是1234-1234。)
What's your number?
May I have your number?
Could I have your number?
我的电话号码是1234-1234。
My number is 1234-1234.
请6点以前打1234-1234跟我联系。
You can reach me at 1234-1234 until six o'clock. *reach“电话联系”。
我再确认一下电话号码,1234-1234,对吗?
Let me repeat the number. That's 1234-1234.
The number is 1234-1234. Right? (你的号码是1234-1234,对吗?)
好的,我转告他您来电话了。
OK. I'll tell him that you called.
I'll give him your message. (我将转告您的口信。)
您的名字怎么拼?
How do you spell your name?
Could you spell your name, please?
Would you please spell your name?
Could you spell that? (您能拼一下您的名字吗?)
您开会的时候史密斯先生给您来电话了。
Mr. Smith called you during the meeting.
我让他给您回电话好了。
I'll have him call you back.
I'll tell him to call you back.
I'll ask him to call you back.
是不是让他给您回电话呀?
Shall I have him call you back?
Shall I have him call you when he gets back? (他回来后,让他给您回电话吗?)
Would you like him to call you back?
Want him to call you back? *是Do you want him to call you back? 的口语缩略形式,比较随便的说法。
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