为您找到与电脑内存增大运行会变快吗相关的共4个结果:
小编为大家介绍了TCP或IP是怎么运行的,希望对你有帮助哦!
Over the past few years ,one of the most written-about network topics has been IP. But even with all this attention, few, if any ,stories have traced the protocol's basic workings, that is ,how routers and Layer 3 switches act upon IP information to move Ethernet packets across the network.
As a point of referenced, bear in mind that IP is a member of the TCP/IP protocol suite.
TCP functions at the Open Systems Interconnection(OSI)transport layer, or Layer 4.Its chief responsibility is to ensure reliable end-to-end connectivity. IP, located one layer down, at the OSI network layer, or Layer 3, communicates the addresses of each packet's sender and receiver to the routers along the way. Routers and Layer 3 switches can read IP and other Layer 3 protocols .This information ,combined with routing tables and other network intelligence ,is all it takes to get across the room or around the world via TCP/IP.
The routing process begins with an IP address that is unique to the sending end station .End stations may be assigned permanent IP addresses or they may borrow them as needed from a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server or other service.
Each packet carries a source address, which under current (IPv4) specifications is 32 bits long .In its header, each packet also carries the IP address of the final destination.
If the sending end station determines that the destination address is not local ,the packet goes to a first-hop router ,typically one that is close and has been preassigned to the sender.
The router inspects the packet's IP address and performs a route table lookup to see if the destination end station resides on the local (physically connected) network, typically called an IP subnet .An IP subnet usually is assigned to each of the router's network interfaces.
If the destination IP address is local ,the router searches an internal store of IP addresses and local-device Media Access Control(MAC) addresses. This store is known as the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) cache. ARP is the universal tool for matching IP addresses to MAC addresses. If the destination's MAC address appears, the router installs that MAC address in the packet header (removing its own MAC address because that's no longer needed) and sends the packet to the destination end station.
In the event that the destination MAC address does not appear in the ARP cache ?it might have timed out ,for instance? the router must broadcast an ARP request to the subnet referenced by the packet's destination IP address .The end station with that IP address responds, sending back its MAC address .The router updates its cache, installs the new MAC address into the packet header and launches the packet. If the route table lookup shows that the packet is destined for a non-local subnet, the router forwards the packet to the next-hop router using the next-hop router's MAC address. Routing tables are continuously built and rebuilt by intelligent discovery protocols, such as Routing Information Protocol or Open Shortest Path First (OSPF). Each router's routing table shows the best route to the destination address ;for addresses that may be several hops away, it shows the best next-hop router.
在过去几年中,写得最多的网络题目之一就是IP。但是,即使引起了这么多的注意,仍很少有(如果有的话)文章介绍此协议的基本工作原理,即路由器和第三层交换器是如何对IP信息起作用,以便在整个网络中传递以太网包的。
作为参考,请记住,IP是TCP/IP整套协议中的一个协议。
TCP完成开放系统互连(OSI)模型中传输层,即第四层的功能。它的主要责任是确保端至端之间的可靠连接。IP位于下一层,在OSI的网络层,即第三层,把每个包的发送者和接收者地址告诉一路上各个路由器。路由器和第三层交换器可以读出IP和其他的第三层协议。这些信息与路由表以及其他网络智能结合在一起,能通过TCP/IP在整个房间或围绕地球进行传递。
路由过程始于对发送端站而言是唯一的一个IP地址,端站可以被分配永久的IP地址,或者按需要从动态主机配置协议(DHCP)服务器或其他服务中借用。
每个包携带一个源地址,在目前(IPv4)规范下,包长度是32位。在报头中,每个包也携带最终目的地的IP地址。
如果发送端站确定目的地址不在本地,该包就被送到第一跳路由器,一般来说,该路由器是在附近的,并已被预先分配给发送者。
该路由器检查包的IP地址,查找路由表,看看目的端点是否位于本地(物理位置)网络,它通常叫做IP子网,IP子网一般被分配到路由器的每个网络接口上。
如果目的IP地址为本地的,该路由器就搜寻存储着IP地址和本地设备介质访问控制(MAC)地址的内部存储器,这个存储器叫作地址分辨协议(ARP)高速缓存。ARP是把IP地址映射到MAC地址的通用工具。如果目的地的MAC地址出现了,该路由器就把这个MAC地址装进包的报头中(取掉自己的MAC地址,因为不再需要它了),把该包送到目的端站。
万一目的地的MAC地址没有出现在ARP高速缓存中(例如,有可能超时了),路由器必须向与包的目的IP地址有关的子网广播一个ARP请求,拥有此IP地址的端站就作出响应,把MAC地址发送回去,路由器因此更新高速缓存,把新的MAC地址装进包的报头并发送该包。
如果查找路由表显示包的目的地不在本地子网,路由器就利用下一跳路由器的MAC地址把包转发给下一跳路由器。路由表由智能发现协议,如路由信息协议或者开放最短路径优先协议,不断地被建立和再建立。每个路由器的路由表显示了到达目的地址的最佳路径,对于要有几跳的地址,它显示出最佳的下一跳路由器。
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电脑,又称计算机,是机械的一种,现在使用的越来越多。接下来小编为大家整理了如何让你的电脑稳定运行,希望对你有帮助哦!
Getting a new PC is one thing. Keeping it running smoothly is quite another. While a personal computer should continue to perform predictably1 for years, veteran Windows users know all too well that system instability is a fact of life. Yet you can minimize the glitches2 that you experience with your computer by heeding3 the tips below.
First, install as little software as possible. You'll have fewer software-related conflicts and a system that is easier to manage. What's more, you'll have more disk space available for " virtual memory" , a part of your hard drive that Windows sets aside4 to help manage your system.
Second, try not to run any more programs simultaneously than you absolutely need. You'll find that your computer runs more reliably if you limit the number of open applications.
Third,you should ensure that you have as much memory (RAM) in your PC as you need. If you run Windows 98 or Windows Millennium, your computer should have at least 128 megabytes5 (MB) of RAM——and more if you find that your hard drive is churning6 a lot as you work with your applications7. You can also get by with 128 MB of RAM if you use Windows NT or Windows 2000, but these operating systems will run much more smoothly if you have 256 MB of RAM or more.
Fourth, avoid installing beta8 software. Beta software, by its very nature, is pre? release software——meaning that it still has significant known bugs (or defects)。 The same goes, unfortunately, for many shareware programs. The authors of shareware programs, typically, have much less time and fewer resources available for testing their programs. Consequently, it's far more common to find shareware software that is buggy.
Fifth, make sure you buy good hardware. No-name products may be cheaper and sometimes just as good as name-brand products, but name-brand products usually became well-known because of their reliability. It's also wise to buy products from reputable companies because Windows will more often support the hardware that you purchase. If you are starting out with computers, it's also a good idea to buy ready? made systems from major manufacturers. These are likely to have been tested thoroughly with your operating system, and you will generally experience fewer problems.
Sixth, avoid the temptation to try to fix something that isn't broken. If your system is running well, there's no need to install a utility program that claims to make it run better or more reliably.
Seventh, do prepare for disaster. No matter how well your system runs when you get it, the day will come when it will need to be replaced. Hopefully, you will replace it because the technology has become outdated, but you may need to replace it also because the hard drive crashes or you begin experiencing problems that no one can figure out. That's why it's important to back up your important files regularly. Whether you use a tape backup device or a CD-RW drive, it's important to map out9 a regular backup schedule and to stick to it.
获得一台新电脑是一码事,让它流畅地运行是另一码事。虽然,一台个人电脑肯定应该连续使用多年,但资深的电脑使用者们很清楚,系统不稳定是生活中不争的事实。但如果能够注意到以下提示,你使用电脑时,遇到的系统小故障数量就会减到最少。
第一,安装尽可能少的软件,你就会遇到尽可能少的与软件有关的冲突,系统也会更易于操作;而且,也会有更多的硬盘空间用来做"虚拟内存".Windows就会将节省下来的部分硬盘用来辅助操作系统。
第二,如果不是必需的话,尽可能不要同时运行多个程序。你会发现,如果限制打开的应用程序的数量,你的电脑会运行得更加稳定。
第三,应该保证在你的电脑中有足够的内存来满足你的需要。如果运行Windows98或Windows Millennium操作系统,电脑中至少要有128兆内存,或者当你使用应用软件时,如果发现系统颠簸许久的话,需要的内存就更多。如果使用 Windows NT或Windows2000操作系统,你也可以用128兆内存,但是如果你有256兆或者更多的内存,那么这两套操作系统就会运行更加流畅。
第四,避免安装试用版软件。试用版软件,就其本质来说,就是预先发行试用的软件,这就意味着它还有重大的、已知的错误(或缺陷)。同样遗憾的是,许多共享式软件也是如此。共享式软件的设计者们通常没有足够的时间和资源来测试他们的程序,因此发现共享式软件有缺陷是相当普遍的事实。
第五,一定要保证你买的硬件的质量。没名的杂牌硬件产品可能比较便宜而且有时与品牌硬件质量一样好,但是品牌产品之所以出名就是因为他们的稳定性。另外一个明智的作法就是买信誉较好的公司的产品,因为Windows更有可能支持你所购买的它们的硬件。如果你正准备攒一台新电脑,从主要生产商那购买现成的系统软件这也是个好主意。这些系统软件很可能已经全面地在你的操作系统下测试过,通常情况下,你不会遇到什么问题。
第六,避免试图修补本没有损坏的软件。如果电脑系统运行良好,你就没有必要安装据称能使你的系统运行得更好或更稳定的功能性软件程序。
第七,一定要防患于未然。无论最初你的操作系统运行得多么好,终究会有一天你需要重新安装你的计算机,但愿你重新安装仅是因为技术过时了,但也可能是因为硬件崩溃或是开始遇到没有人能够解决的问题,这就是经常给重要文件做备份之所以重要的原因。不管你是用软盘备份还是用光盘刻录机备份,重要的是要制订一份经常备份的时间表,并坚持执行它。
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你是否因为电脑运行太慢而感到困恼呢?接下来小编为大家整理如何让电脑运行速度变快,希望对你有帮助哦!
4.清除根目录中的病毒和恶意软件
Nothing will slow your system down like a virus, a Trojan horse, or other types of malware. Plenty of commercial antivirus applications are available for Windows PCs, but Becky recommends trying Microsoft's free Security Essentials suite, which will sweep your system for any unwanted, nefarious software and provide ongoing protection via regular updates. Just visit Microsoft's Security Essentials website, download and install the software, and follow the instructions.
没有任何东西比病毒,特洛伊木马或者其他恶意软件更能减慢你系统速度的了。现在市面上有各式各样的Windows杀毒软件,但是贝奇推荐你试一试微软的免费安全套装,它将扫除你系统中所有不想要的东西和不法软件,并通过提供定期更新来保护系统。只需要访问微软安全网站(译者注:已链接到中文版地址),按照指示下载并安装该软件即可。
Anti-virus packages from the likes of Norton and McAfee are also available for Mac users, but there's an ongoing debate about whether virus protection on the Mac is more trouble than it's worth, given that malicious hackers are far more focused on Windows than they are on Mac OS X systems.
包括“诺顿”和“迈克菲”(译者注:已链接到中文版地址)在内的杀毒软件对于苹果机也很有用,但是有一个正在进行中的关于是否真的值得在苹果机上安装杀毒软件的讨论,因为那些制造恶意程序的黑客们更多集中于Windows系统而不是苹果机使用的Mac系统。
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运行,指:⒈周而复始地运转。2.犹活动。3.世运;命运。4.指程序正在被使用。5.系统命令。语出《易·系辞上》:“日月运行,一寒一暑。”那么你知道运行用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。
working
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