为您找到与现在分词被动语态的用法相关的共200个结果:
现在分词作状语:
①现在分词doing所代表的动作或状态与谓语动词是同时或几乎是同时发生的,可以作时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、目的、让步、伴随等状语。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。如:
Rushing out of the house, he was knocked down by a car.
他一冲出屋子就被一辆车撞倒了。
My cousin went to Shenzhen, hoping to find a job there.
我表兄去深圳了,希望在那儿找份工作。
The child fell,striking his head against the door.
小孩摔了一跤,头在门上碰了一下。
In the last few years, the country has had a hard time, suffering several killer quakes. 过去几年里,这个国家经历了艰难的时期,遭受了几次致命的地震。
Being spring, the flowers are in full bloom.
因为是春天,所以花都盛开着。
②有些分词作状语,没有逻辑上的主语,已成为习惯用法:considering, judging from, talking of, allowing for(考虑到), generally/frankly/honestly/roughly/strictly speaking, assuming that(假设)等。如:
Talking of this film, it’s wonderful.
说到这部电影,好极了。
Assuming that it is true, what should we do now?
假定那是真的, 我们现在该怎麽办?
Judging by the direction of the wind, it won’t rain today.
根据风向测度, 今天不会下雨。
Social psychology, strictly speaking, deals with the behavior of people in groups. 严格地说, 社会心理学研究人们的群体行为。
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以下是小编为大家整理的现在进行时的基本用法,希望能帮助大家了解现在进行时这个句型,提高英语水平。
1. ——What’s that terrible noise?
——The school ____the sport meeting.
A. has held B. is holding
C. hold D. will hold
2. You don’t have to describe her. I ____ her several times.
A. had metB. met C. have metD. meet
3. Since I won the big prize,my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing. People ____ to ask how I am going to spend the money.
A. phone B. will phoneC. were phoningD. are phoning
4. Listen to the two girls by the window. What language ____?
A. did they speak B. were they speaking
C. are they speaking D. have they been speaking
5. My headache ____ me. I thought it was going away,but it’s getting worse and worse.
A. is killing B. kills C. was killingD. killed
6. ——Why do you do volunteer work in the Northwest?
——I ____ to make a difference in the life of the children there through my effort.
A. was trying B. have tried C. am trying D. tried
7. ——Are you still busy?
——Yes. I ____ my homework,and it won’t take long.
A. just finish B. am just finishing
C. have just finished D. am just going to finish
8. ——____ Mr. Brown ____ this week?
——No,he is on holiday.
A. Has,worked B. Does,work C. Did,workD. Is,working
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以下是小编为大家整理的分词的用法的用法总结,希望能帮助大家更好地认识分词,提高英语水平。
分词作定语
分词前置
We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日
He is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人
分词后置 (i分词词组;ii 个别分词如given, left; iii 修饰不定代词 something等)
There was a girl sitting there.有个女孩坐在那里
There is nothing interesting. 没有有趣的东西
This is the question given. 这是所给的问题
过去分词作定语
与其修饰的词是被动关系,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.
典型例题
1)What's the language ____ in Germany?
A. speakingB. spoken C. be spokenD. to speak
答案B. 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。
2) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written
答案D. 书与写作是被动关系,应用过去分词做定语表被动,相当于定语从句 which is written
2)What's the language ____ in Germany?
A. speakingB. spoken C. be spokenD. to speak
答案B. 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。
spoken是动词speak的过去分词形式,在句中作定语,修饰主语language, spoken 与 language有被动关系。该句可以理解为:
What's the language (which is) spoken in German?
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分词分为现在分词 和过去分词 两种,是一种非谓语动词 形式。现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于:现在分词表示“主动和进行”,过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动,只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语 或逻辑主语等。以下是小编为大家整理的分词的用法总结,希望能帮助大家更好地认识分词,提高英语水平。
分词短语在句中作让步状语时,相当于一个让步状语从句,有时分词前可以带有连接词although, whether, even if, even though。
现在分词短语作让步状语,分词的逻辑主语是句中的主语,变成状语从句时,需用主动语态。
Weighing almost one hundred jin the stone was moved by him alone.
= Although the stone weighted almost one hundred jin, it was moved by him alone. 虽然那块石头重将近一百斤,他一个人就把它挪动了。
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现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
(1)现在分词的形式:否定式:not + 现在分词
现在分词的主动语态:现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语。例如:
They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。
Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业,他开始打篮球。
现在分词的被动语态:一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。
The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
(2)现在分词的句法功能:
①现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。
In the following years he worked even harder. 在后来的几年中,他学习更努力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,如:in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.
②现在分词作表语:
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. The present situation is inspiring. 鼓舞人心。
be + doing既可能表示现在进行时,也可能是现在分词做表语,它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时,而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。
③作宾语补足语:如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语:
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如:
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room?He kept the car waiting at the gate.
④作状语:
A. 作时间状语: (While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
B. 作原因状语: Being a League member, he is always helping others.
C.作方式状语,表示伴随: He stayed at home, cleaning and washing.
D.作条件状语: (If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
E. 作结果状语: He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.
F.作目的状语: He went swimming the other day.
G.作让步状语: Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
H.与逻辑主语构成独立主格:
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head. 我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.
The window is broken. They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
注意:be + 过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别:
The window is broken.(系表)The window was broken by the boy.(被动)
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的,不表示被动,只表示完成。如:
boiled water(开有时也可用with (without) +名词(代词宾格)+分词形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。
E. 作独立成分:
Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看,他一定是个演员。
Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来,女孩子更细心。
5 过去分词 :过去分词只有一种形式:规则动词由原形动词词尾加-ed构成.不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则,要一一记住 。
过去分词的句法功能:
1)过去分词作定语:
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。
注意当过去分词是单词时,一般用于名词前,如果是过去分词短语,就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
(2)过去分词作表语:
fallen leaves(落叶)newly arrived goods(新到的货)
the risen sun(升起的太阳)the changed world(变了的世界)
这类过去分词有:gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。
(3) 过去分词作宾语补足语:
I heard the song sung several times last week.
有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语:With the work done, they went out to play.
(4)过去分词作状语:
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. (表示原因)
Once seen, it can never be forgotten. (表示时间)
Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.(表示条件)
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.(表示让步)
Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave.
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分词就是具有动词 及形容词二者特征的词,尤指以-ing或-ed,-d,-t,-en或-n结尾的英语动词性形容词,具有形容词功能,同时又表现各种动词性特点,如时态 、语态 、带状语性修饰语的性能及带宾词的性能。以下是小编为大家整理的分词作定语用法总结,希望能帮助大家更好地认识分词,提高英语水平。
1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written
答案D. 书与写作是被动关系,应用过去分词做定语表被 动,相当于定语从句 which is written
2)What's the language ____ in Germany?
A. speakingB. spoken C. be spokenD. to speak
答案B. 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。
spoken是动词speak的过去分词形式,在句中作定语,修饰主语language, spoken 与 language有被动关系。该句可以理解为:
What's the language (which is) spoken in German?
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相信很多人从小学开始接触英语到现在,最烦恼的就是英语语法学不好,今天读文网小编在这里为大家介绍10个现在完成时的句子,欢迎大家阅读!
现在完成时常与for+一段时间,或since+过去时间点/一般过去时态的从句连用。
在表达一个在过去开始而现在仍在继续或刚刚结束的动作时,某些动词既可以用现在完成时,也可以用现在完成进行时。这样的动词有expect,hope,learn,lie,live,look,rain,sleep,sit,snow,stand,stay,study,teach,wait,want,work等.
How long have you learnt English?你学习英语多久了?
How long have you been learning English?(译文同上。)
He has slept for ten hours.他已经睡了十个小时了。
He has been sleeping for ten hours.(译文同上。)
It has snowed for a long time.雪下了好长时间了。
It has been snowing for a long time.(译文同上。)
没有进行式的动词不可能有这样的用法,即现在完成进行时不能代替以下例句中的现在完成时:
They’ve always had a big garden.他们一直有一座大花园。
How long have you known that?你知道这事多久了?
He’s been in hospital since his accident.他从发生事故之后,一直在医院里。
注意:现在完成进行时可以和时间短语连用,也可以不连用,这一点就有别于现在完成时,因为后者与像for six days,since June,never等一些时间短语连用才能表示这类动作。不用这些时间状语时,现在完成时指的是完成了的一个动作。
B 用现在完成时表示的反复的动作,有时可以作为连续的动作用现在完成进行时表示:
I’ve written six letters since breakfast.早饭后我已经写了六封信。
I’ve been writing letters since breakfast.早饭后我一直在写信。
I have knocked five times.I don’t think anyone’s in.
我敲了五次门。我想屋里没有人。
I’ve been knocking.I don’t think anybody’s in.
我一直在敲门。我想屋里没有人。
注意:现在完成进行时表示一种看来似乎是不间断的动作,所以提到做一件事的次数或一共做了多少事情时,不能用现在完成进行时。
C 用现在完成时表达的单一动作和用现在完成进行时表达的动作是有区别的:
(a)I’ve polished the car.我擦了车。意指这件事已经结束了。
(b) I’ve been polishing the car.我在擦车来着。
意指过去一小时我就是这样度过的,而不一定指动作已结束。注意:用现在完成进行时表示单一动作时,这一动作持续到说话的时间或者接近这一时间为止:
He’s been taking photos.
他一直在拍照。(他大概手里正拿着照相机。)
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非谓语动词短语的形式包括动名词、现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式,它们在句子中可以充当不同的句子成分,本文就来谈一下如何处理考研英语中分词作状语的情况。
一、表时间,可以和时间状语从句互换。如:
Studying in the university, he was very popular among his classmates.
When he studied in the university, he was very popular among his classmates.
Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.
When she saw those pictures, she remembered her childhood.
二、表原因,可以和原因状语从句互换。如:
Not knowing her address, I wasn't able to contact her.
Because I did not know her address, I wasn't able to contact her.
三、表条件,可以和条件状语从句互换。如:
Walking to work, you will save quite a lot of money.
If you walk to work, you will save quite a lot of money.
四、表让步,可以和让步状语从句互换。如:
Defeated, he remained a popular boxer.
Although he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer.
五、表方式,如:
He earns a living driving a truck.
I'm returning you letter as requested.
六、表伴随,如:
Losing a job is hurting: you don't skip down to the job centre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state.(考研阅读真题2014 Text 1)
在这个句子中,delighted分词短语作伴随状语,表示去求职中心的状态。
七、表结果,分词短语作结果状语在考研英语阅读中经常出现,并作为因果逻辑关系的考点出现在题干和选项中,请大家一定要注意非谓语动词短语的这种语法功能。如:
The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. (考研阅读真题2014 Text 2)
在这句话中,tempting分词短语作结果状语,表示最好的律师挣钱很多这种现象带来的结果是引起更多学生考法律学校。题干中的问题是A lot of students take up law as their profession due to,即学生学法律专业的原因是什么,这个问题从上句话中就可以找出答案,是因为经济回报的吸引,即选项the attraction of financial rewards。
By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace. (考研阅读真题2013 Text 1)
在这个句子中,shaking 分词短语作结果状语,表示品牌绑架时尚圈的后果。
Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all. (考研阅读真题2013 Text 3)
在这个句子中,leading分词短语作结果状语,表示科技将治愈人类所有疾病后带来的结果。
八、与逻辑主语构成独立主格,如
Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings. (考研阅读真题2013 Text 2)
在这种结构中,需要注意非谓语动词的主语是其前出现的名词或名词短语。Being what it is 的逻辑主语是human nature, 翻译为人类本性就是这样。
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分词做状语,在我们的英语表达里有何用法与见解呢?下面是小编为大家整理的关于分词作状语用法知识点详解和辨析_分词作状语用法知识点,希望对您有所帮助。欢迎大家阅读参考学习!
分词作状语用法知识点详解和辨析知识点相关
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1. 作时间状语:
a.分词短语中的动作与主句中的动作同时发生, 用V+ing形式, 可加上while / when;
eg:Walking on the street, she met a friend of hers.
当她走在街上时,遇到了她的一个朋友。
Johnheard the baby crying, while sleeping.
当约翰在睡觉时,听到了孩子的哭声。
b.分词短语中的动词比主句中的动作先发生,用having done的形式;
eg:Having eaten the dinner, the boy began to watchTV.
在吃过晚饭以后,男孩开始看电视。
2. 作方式状语:
Pleaseask the question using another way.
请用另一种方法来回答这个问题。
3. 作目的状语:
Theyoung man stood there waiting for his girlfriend.
那个年轻人站在那儿等他的女朋友。
4. 结果状语:
Herhusband died, leaving her a large sum of money.
她丈夫死了,留给她一大笔钱。
5. 伴随状语:所表达的状态随着句子的谓语动词而发生或存在。
Hesat in the sofa, reading a new book.
他坐在沙发里,看着一本新书。
6. 原因状语:
Beingsick, I didn’t go to school yesterday.
因为生病了,所以我昨天没去上学。
Notknowing her number, I can’t call her.
因为不知道她的电话,我不能打给她。
7. 条件状语:相当于if的条件状语从句
Workinghard, you will succeed. (=If you work hard, you will succeed.)
如果你努力工作,你将成功。
8. 补充说明:对主句的情况做一个补充说明。
TheEnglish class begins at 8:30, ending at 10:30.
这堂英语课从8:30开始,一直上到10:30。
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1. 过去分词和现在分词作状语的区别
现在分词在句中也可以作时间、条件、原因、让步、方式或伴随状语,但所不同的是现在分词与句子的主语在逻辑上是主谓关系。也可以用现在分词的完成式,则表示动作的完成。过去分词作状语时,它表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间是被动关系。现在分词的被动式表示正在进行的被动动作,过去分词表示被动完成的动作。如:
_____D____ the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars. (2009江西)
A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given
_____A______ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed. (2008北京)
A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen
2. v-ing形式与不定式作结果状语的区别
v-ing形式作结果状语表示意料之中的结果,而不定式作结果状语表示意料之外的情况。比较:
The child fell, striking his head against the door.
She went home only to find her house broken into.
He hurried to the booking office only ____B_________ that all the tickets had been sold out. (2006陕西)
A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told
3. 悬垂分词状语
分词短语一般要与句子主语保持一致,但有一些固定的分词短语却不必与其逻辑主语保持一致。常见的此类短语有:generally speaking一般地说;strictly speaking严格地说;frankly speaking坦率地说;judging from / by由……判断出。如:
Generally speaking, women live longer than men.
Judging from the look of the sky, we’ll have a rain this evening.
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不定式作结果状语大家较为熟悉,尤其是在下列常见的句型中:
1. Would you be so kind as to lend me your new bike ?
2. The ice is thick enough to walk on.
3. That’s much too heavy for you to lift.
此外,不定式在表示一个随后发生的动作时,这个不定式短语的功能也是结果状语。不定式做结果状语通常表示的是一个未曾料到的不愉快的结果。如以下例句:
4. He got home to learn that his father was ill.
有时为了强调,可以在不定式短语前加only。
5. Tom got to the station only to find the train had gone.
6. Marry hurried back only to find her mother dying in the hospital.
作为结果状语的现在分词短语所表示的都是谓语动词的直接结果,是意料中的结果。如以下例句:
7. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. “他成为孤儿”是“父母双亡”是直接结果。
8. It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country. “洪水泛滥”是“大雨滂沱”后意料中的结果。
9. He cut off the electricity quickly, preventing an accident. “防止了事故”是“切断电源”的直接结果。
10. He watered the flowers in the garden more often, only making things worse. “园中花木反而更糟”是 “浇水过勤过多”的自然而然的结果。
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以下是小编为大家整理的分词的时态用法总结,希望能帮助大家更好地认识分词的时态这个句型,提高英语水平。
While walking in the garden,he hurt his leg. 在花园里散步时他伤了腿。
分词作时间状语,如果先与主动词的动作,且强调先后, 要用having done。
Having finished his homework, he went out.
=As he had finished his homework, he went out.
做完作业后,他出去了。
典型例题
___ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receivingB. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
答案C. 本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断,分词的动作(接信)发生在谓语动词的动作(决心再写信)之前,因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为not +分词,故选C。该句可理解为:Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.
分词的时态相关文章推荐:
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以下是小编为大家整理的分词的时态和语态用法总结,希望能帮助大家更好地认识这个句型,提高英语水平。
1)通常,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动,例如:
He is the man giving you the money.(= who gave you…)
他就是给你钱的那个人。
He is the man stopped by the car.( = who was stopped by…)
他就是那个被车拦住的人。
2)不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生
gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned
例: a well-read person.一个读过许多书的人
a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴
a much-travelled may一个去过许多地方的人
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☆一般来说,-ing形式表示主动、进行;过去分词表示被动、完成。
☆-ing形式作状语,可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。
下面是分类总结
▲现在分词作时间状语:
﹡Seeing my parents waving in the crowd,I went running to them.
﹡Crossing the road, the old man was knocked over by a car.
=When he was crossing the road, the old man was knocked over by a car.
﹡(When) Hearing the news, he got frightened.
= When he heard the news, he got frightened.
﹡Having eaten his dinner, the boy rushed out.
﹡Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.
﹡Having received his letter, I decided to write back.
▲现在分词作原因状语:
Being a teacher,you should help your students in every way.
Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set.
Not knowing her address, I can't write to her.
Having lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.
Having eaten too much, he couldn’t go to sleep.
▲现在分词作结果状语:
﹡There is mud and water everywhere, making it difficult to travel from place to place.
making it difficult to travel from place to place 是结果状语。
现在分词作结果状语表示一种必然性(自然结果)。(making 可以改为 which makes,相当于一个前因后果的非限制性定语从句。)
﹡He comes home late every evening, making his wife very angry.
他每天回来得很晚,这是他的妻子很生气。
=He comes home late every evening, which makes his wife very angry.
=He comes home late every evening, and it makes his wife very angry.
﹡Mary failed all her exams, making both her parents very angry.
玛丽未能通过一门考试,这是她父母非常生气。
﹡European football is played in more than80countries,making it one of the most popular games in the world.
﹡The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.
﹡Her husband died ten years ago, leaving her with three children to look after.
﹡Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.
﹡She threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
﹡The song is sung all over the country, making it the most popular song
﹡The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.#p#副标题#e#
▲现在分词作条件状语:
Listening to English every day (If you listen to English every day), you’ll learn it well step by step.
Using your head, you’ll find a good way.
Working hard, you’ll surely succeed.
Working hard, you'll succeed.
Taking the path that leads out of the town, you will come to a lake.
Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the park.
▲现在分词作让步状语:
Working so hard, he failed again.
Living miles away, he attended the course. 虽然住在几英里以外,他仍去上课。
Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 虽然被击败了,他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。
☆理解技巧:
分词(短语)用作让步状语通常可转换成由从属连词though, although, no matter…等引导的让步状语从句,如上面两句也可转换成:Although he lived miles away, he attended the course.
Thought he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer.
▲现在分词作方式状语:
He came running back to tell me the news.
The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.
They eat using the fingers of their right hands.
He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠开卡车谋取生。
▲现在分词作伴随状语:
Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way.
= Four people entered the room and looked around in a curious way.
The boy sat in front of the farmhouse, cutting the branch.
All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem.
The six blind men stood there begging for a meal.
He sat in the armchair, reading a newspaper.
They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.
He sat in the chair reading a newspaper. 他坐在椅子上看报。
Don't you sit there doing nothing. 别什么也不干坐在那里。
He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了进来,后面跟着他的妻子。(☆过去分词短语也可以作伴随状语)
☆理解技巧:
理解“伴随状语”的关键是要理解“伴随”二字。分词(短语)用作伴随状语时,它表示的动作伴随句子谓语动作同时发生,即句子谓语所表示的动作为主要动作,分词短语所表示的动作伴随性的次要动作。英语中“动词+ing”形式作伴随状语时,它表示的是一个次要的动作,来对谓语表示的动作加以说明或作为陪衬。一般将其置于句后,可用逗号与主句成分分开。例如: Don’t sit there doing nothing. Come and help me with this table.不要坐在那里什么也不做;过来帮我收拾餐桌
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1.表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态往往和表示一段时间的状语连用.for+一段时间,since+一段时间 How long..
I have known him for ten years.
For 和since要用延续性动词leave/go- be away,come-be here/be in,buy- have,borrow-keep,join-be in/a member of,die-be dead,begin- be on,finish- be over
2.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果.常用的时间状语:already,so far,never,just,before,recently,
I have lost my key.(说明过去某时丢的,现在还未找到.)
3.表示从过去某一时间到说话时这段时间中反复发生的动作,常用often,always,seldom,never等连用.注意与一般现在时的区别.
We have been to the Summer Palace twice.
4. 表示次数.
5.Have been to /have gone to
6.经典句子I haven’ t seen you for a long time.Where have you been?I have been to Shanghai.How many times have you been there?I have been there twice
7.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1)侧重点不同:现在完成时侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响,而一般过去时侧重于表示过去的动作与现在无关.
2)连用的时间状语不同.
3)询问某事过去发生的具体时间,地点时必须用一般过去时.现在完成时不可与表示过去的时间状语连用.
8.现在完成时需要注意的几点
1)由since引导的时间状语从句主句通常用现在完成时.
2)句型It is/ has been+ 时间段 + since
3)表示某人所作过的用This is the….that….结构,后面的句子要用完成时.
This is the first time that I have been here.
4)非延续性动词的否定形式可以表示状态的延续.可与for,since连用.
5) age /before的区别
ago为副词,表示从现在算起的过去某时间以前,用于名词词组 + ago .ago所在句子的谓语动词一般为过去时,它不可以单独使用,也不可以用做连词.
before为副词时,表示从过去的某一时刻或某一事件算起的过去某时间以前,用现在完成时.它还可以单独使用,也可以用做连词,此时后接单词,词组或句子.
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分词短语在句中作让步状语时,相当于一个让步状语从句,有时分词前可以带有连接词although, whether, even if, even though。
现在分词短语作让步状语,分词的逻辑主语是句中的主语,变成状语从句时,需用主动语态。
Weighing almost one hundred jin the stone was moved by him alone.
= Although the stone weighted almost one hundred jin, it was moved by him alone. 虽然那块石头重将近一百斤,他一个人就把它挪动了。
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