为您找到与水中分娩有什么坏处相关的共4个结果:
导语:科学文献显示,坐在水中生产(有时被称为水疗分娩)能够帮助产妇放松,促进血液循环并减轻肿胀。
The Claim: Laboring in a tub of water helps relax expectant mothers, significantly relieving the pain of childbirth.
主张:水中分娩能帮助产妇放松,显著减轻生产时的疼痛。
The Verdict: A review of 11 trials, encompassing 3,146 women, published by the Cochrane Collaboration, a global network of scientists and clinicians, concludes that laboring in a tub during the first stage of labor reduces the need for epidural anesthesia. But the safety of staying in a tub during the birthing stage hasn't been established -- prompting some doctors to urge caution.
定论:面向科学家和临床医师的全球性网络Cochrane协作网(Cochrane Collaboration)发表的一项文献回顾,对覆盖3,146名女性的 11项试验进行了考察,得出的结论是,第一产程在水中生产可减少使用硬膜外麻醉的必要性。不过,在胎儿娩出阶段待在水中的安全性尚未得到确证——因此一些医生告诫人们要保持谨慎。
Sitting in water during labor, sometimes called hydrotherapy, can promote relaxation, improve blood flow and reduce swelling, according to scientific literature. Tubs -- with or without massaging jets -- are available at many birthing centers and some hospitals. For home births, women can use a bathtub or rent a birthing tub for about $200 to $300.
科学文献显示,坐在水中生产(有时被称为水疗分娩)能够帮助产妇放松,促进血液循环并减轻肿胀。水缸(有些带按摩喷嘴,有些没有)许多分娩中心都有提供,一些医院也会提供。如果在家中生产,产妇可以使用浴缸,或者租用分娩缸,费用在200到300美元左右。
Typically the water is heated to body temperature, says Jenna Shaw-Battista, director of the Nurse-Midwifery Education Program at the University of California, San Francisco. The tub is filled to cover the belly and sometimes as high as the chest, Dr. Shaw-Battista says. Clothing is optional, she adds, and many women wear a sports bra or a hospital gown.
加州大学旧金山分校(University of California, San Francisco)的护理和助产教育项目(Nurse-Midwifery Education Program)主管詹娜·肖-巴蒂斯塔(Jenna Shaw-Battista)表示,水一般会加热至体温。肖-巴蒂斯塔博士说,缸内的水会没过腹部,有时甚至会齐胸。她补充称,穿不穿衣服可以自己选择,许多女性会穿运动文胸或者医院的病号服。
The scientific literature supports claims that hydrotherapy offers pain relief and relaxation -- and may even shorten labor. But some clinicians draw the line at giving birth underwater.
水疗分娩能减轻疼痛并帮助产妇放松——甚至有可能缩短产程,这些说法都得到科学文献的支持。但一些临床医师在实践中却与水中分娩保持着距离。
In a joint opinion published this month, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the American Academy of Pediatrics, said that due to reports of newborn drownings, near drownings, and infection described in medical literature, the procedure should remain 'experimental' and be performed only in the context of clinical trials.
美国妇产科医师协会(American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists)和美国儿科学会(American Academy of Pediatrics)本月发布联合意见称,鉴于医学文献中有新生儿溺亡、溺水和感染相关报告,水中分娩仍然应该是“实验性的”,只能在临床试验背景下施行。
In theory, in a water birth the baby is brought to the surface safely before it takes its first gasp. But if a baby is experiencing distress -- for example if the umbilical cord is crimped -- it may gasp earlier and 'that's all you need to get water in the lungs or to swallow that water into the stomach,' says Tonse N.K. Raju, chief of the pregnancy and perinatology branch at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in Bethesda, Md., and a liaison to the committee that issued the opinion. Another concern, he says, is that tub water can easily get contaminated with bacteria.
从理论上说,水下分娩的婴儿在开始呼吸之前就已经被安全地带到水面上了。但马里兰州贝塞斯达(Bethesda)的美国国家儿童健康与人类发育研究所(National Institute of Child Health and Human Development)妊娠和围产期学分部主管、负责与发布上述意见的委员会进行联络的通斯·拉朱(N·K· Tonse N.K. Raju)表示,如果婴儿出现窘迫(比如说脐带缠绕过紧),则有可能会提前呼吸,“这就很容易导致肺部呛水,或者把水咽进胃里”。他说,另一担忧是,缸内的水很容易被细菌污染。
Problems are rare, Dr. Raju says. And the doctors' concerns are based not on large randomized trials but on individual case reports, which some midwives say is a flawed approach as births on land can also have complications. So far, a number of observational studies of water births in low-risk women -- including a 1999 British report of 4,032 water deliveries -- have found no higher newborn mortality than a birth out of water. In data released last week by the American Association of Birth Centers, a trade group for free-standing birth centers, there were no infant deaths in 3,998 water births conducted at 79 centers over four years. And 1.5% of babies delivered underwater needed to be transferred to a hospital for observation or treatment, compared with 2.8% delivered on land.
拉朱博士说,这些问题很罕见。另外,医生的担忧也并非基于大规模随机试验,而是基于个案报告,一些助产士认为,这种研究方法是存在缺陷的,因为普通分娩一样会有并发症。 到目前为止,许多针对低危产妇水中分娩的观察性研究(包括1999年英国一项覆盖4,032例水中分娩的报告)发现,水中分娩的新生儿死亡率并不比非水中分娩的死亡率高。代表独立分娩中心的行业组织美国分娩中心联合会(American Association of Birth Centers)近期发布的数据显示,79家分娩中心在四年中施行的3,998 例水中分娩未出现一例新生儿死亡事件。另外,有1.5%的水中分娩婴儿需要被转至医院接受观察或治疗,而非水中分娩的婴儿比例为2.8%。
The data, which the association hopes to publish, reflects that centers steer women likely to have complicated deliveries away from water birth, says the association's director, Lesley Rathbun. Even if a water birth is planned, during labor the baby's heartbeat is carefully monitored and if there's any suggestion of distress, 'we're going to get the woman out of the tub' before delivery, she says.
美国分娩中心联合会主管莱斯莉·拉思本(Lesley Rathbun)表示,这些数据(该联合会希望发表相关数据)反映出,分娩中心会建议高危产妇不要在水中分娩。她说,即使水中分娩是按计划进行的,分娩过程中也会进行细致的胎心监护,如果有任何窘迫征兆,“我们会在胎儿娩出之前让产妇离开水缸”。
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坏处是指某件东西恶劣、不好的一面,不利或不好的方面。例句:不要把人家老往坏处想。那么你知道坏处用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。
1. It wouldn't hurt you to be a bit more serious.
认真一点对你没有坏处。
2. At best Nella would be an invalid; at worst she would die.
内拉往好里说会落下残疾,往坏处说可能会生命不保。
3. The publicity did her career no harm.
媒体的报道对她的事业没有坏处。
4. It will do you no harm.
这对你没(有)坏处.
5. But really, what harm could it possibly do to pop down there and just sniff around?
不过说真的,马上赶到那里去打探一下情况会有什么坏处呢?
6. It doesn't sound like business for a long time. Still it won't do any harm to watch out and keep our powder dry.
好长时间看来不像那么一回事, 不过提高警惕以防万一总不会有什么坏处.
7. You can do no harm by paying a woman compliments.
对女人说些恭维话没有坏处。
8. She submitted, after a little hesitation, " I should not be the worse. "
她迟疑了一会, 就让步说: “ 我也不会得到坏处吧. ”
9. A silk - padded one is warm , soft and light , while those of other stuffing are heavy.
不是丝棉被的坏处除了重, 还不够飘逸.
10. So many things, quite harmless, that one must not do for the same reason.
另有许多事情是完全没有坏处的, 可是为了同样的原因你就决不能去做.
11. She didn't suppose that any harm would come of a promise made to a frog.
她想,答应青蛙一件事会有什么坏处呢.
12. Please don'ttake my remarks unkindly , ie think I intend to be unkind in saying this.
请不要把我的话往坏处想.
13. She's one of those women who always make the worst of their troubles.
她是那种老把困难往最坏处想(或 说 )的女人.
14. He would acknowledge with perfect ingenuousness that his concession had been attended with such partial good.
他坦率地承认,由于他让步的结果,招来不少坏处.
15. But it's over, you know; so what signifies making the worst of it?
你也知道, 事情已经过去了, 现在再往坏处想,又有什么用处呢 ?
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压力总是无处不在,很多人认为有压力都是不好的。接下来小编为大家整理了压力只会带来坏处吗?,希望对你有帮助哦!
如果你不想因为阅读经济新闻而崩溃,这有条路可以走:去读一篇医学期刊,看看对于你什么压力更适合。你将明白,压力这东西会使你的神经崩溃,并且使得阿尔茨海默病或者帕金森病更容易在几年后侵蚀你。由此可以推测出,你不会死于其他那些很短时间致命的疾病。当我们确定进入不确定的长时期(一连串的失业、资产损失、家庭赎回和长达两年的夫妻之战)时,这个事情值得好好研究下。但是什么是往上走的?没有人告诉我们。
在过去的几年里,我们中的大多数人相信我们自己,压力总是不公平倾斜到每个人身上的。在很多问题上,无论是小的记忆丢失还是老年痴呆症,我们都把黑锅推给压力来背——而这仅仅是在大脑中。我们甚至嘲笑那些人,他们自愿投身到紧张这样一种状态:他们称为“肾上腺素迷们”。
当然,压力对你来讲不全是不好的,特别是如果你从生气或失望或喝下5背苏格兰威士忌中反应过来。但是,一个普通的感觉点常常忽视:在某些情况中,压力同样对你来说也可能是好事。在基础心理学课本中,这么说是正确的。就像Spencer Rathus说的那样:“心理学:概念和连线”,“有些压力是健康并且必须的,以此来使我们警惕和有足够的注意力。”但是这个理论在过去的几年中并没有科学依据。“大众总是收到统一的信息,压力总是不好的。”Janet DiPietro说,他是Johns Hopkins 大学的发展心理学家,“而这非常不好,因为更多的大众进他们全力去维持比较温和的压力。”
压力的反馈——身体荷尔蒙分泌会很危险、不定量或者改变——这些都会帮助我们存活下来,并且如果我们明白怎样从我们的生活中远离过度劳累,他仍然可以起作用。短期内,压力可以使我们更有活力,“我们身体系统要来处理我们不得不处理的东西。”Judith Orloff说,他是加州大学洛杉矶分校的精神科医生。长期内,压力可以促使我们在工作上作的更好。一点点的压力可以促使我们制造出来很多,是我们更富有弹性。既是当压力到了极限,他也可能有默写积极效果——这也是为什么,一些精神科医生开始定义创伤后应激障碍为:创伤后成长。“真正的生物化学和科学偏见说压力总是不好的,但是临床上说,确实有证据说明压力对某些人来说有意义。”Orloff说,“我们需要一个新的研究姿态来找出一个更好的办法使压力更好的服务于我们。”否则,我们会在让我们自己跳出压力这方面浪费很多时间,而事实是我们强调了。
当我开始告诉研究者们“压力的益处”时,他们中的大多数说这个基本上不存在。“我们从不告诉大众压力对他们有益。”其中一个说。另外一个允许它存在,但仅仅在某些小方面存在,在很短的时间里存在。那些饱受压力摧残的人怎么样呢?我问——那些是警察、急诊室文件管理者、空中协管员,因为他们看起来沉溺于混留言之中而使各类事物有序。他们不吧他们经历过的压力看做是一种优势么?不,研究院回答,这类人心里不健康。“这类人说他们‘沉溺于压力’中?这是事实。”Bruce Rabin告诉我。他是Pittsburgh School of Medicine学校的病理神经学家、病理学家及精神病学家。他说,那些沉溺于压力并且相信这样的状态会使他们成瘾的成年人在长期受到高水平的肾上腺素和皮质醇影响下,像孩子一样或者受到长期影响。甚至他们以前不这样,他补充道,他们“试着去满足”一些生理需求。他是否到达了一个病理状态?我问道——传说那些感觉到他们做的很好的是否有问题呢?他想了一下说:“你几乎是在说:是的,你可以这么说。”
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分娩,特指胎儿脱离母体成为独立存在的个体的这段时期和过程。分娩的全过程共分为3期,也称为3个产程。第一产程,即宫口扩张期。第二产程,即胎儿娩出期。第三产程,胎盘娩出期。那么你知道分娩用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。
deliver
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