为您找到与水中分娩有什么优点相关的共6个结果:
导语:科学文献显示,坐在水中生产(有时被称为水疗分娩)能够帮助产妇放松,促进血液循环并减轻肿胀。
The Claim: Laboring in a tub of water helps relax expectant mothers, significantly relieving the pain of childbirth.
主张:水中分娩能帮助产妇放松,显著减轻生产时的疼痛。
The Verdict: A review of 11 trials, encompassing 3,146 women, published by the Cochrane Collaboration, a global network of scientists and clinicians, concludes that laboring in a tub during the first stage of labor reduces the need for epidural anesthesia. But the safety of staying in a tub during the birthing stage hasn't been established -- prompting some doctors to urge caution.
定论:面向科学家和临床医师的全球性网络Cochrane协作网(Cochrane Collaboration)发表的一项文献回顾,对覆盖3,146名女性的 11项试验进行了考察,得出的结论是,第一产程在水中生产可减少使用硬膜外麻醉的必要性。不过,在胎儿娩出阶段待在水中的安全性尚未得到确证——因此一些医生告诫人们要保持谨慎。
Sitting in water during labor, sometimes called hydrotherapy, can promote relaxation, improve blood flow and reduce swelling, according to scientific literature. Tubs -- with or without massaging jets -- are available at many birthing centers and some hospitals. For home births, women can use a bathtub or rent a birthing tub for about $200 to $300.
科学文献显示,坐在水中生产(有时被称为水疗分娩)能够帮助产妇放松,促进血液循环并减轻肿胀。水缸(有些带按摩喷嘴,有些没有)许多分娩中心都有提供,一些医院也会提供。如果在家中生产,产妇可以使用浴缸,或者租用分娩缸,费用在200到300美元左右。
Typically the water is heated to body temperature, says Jenna Shaw-Battista, director of the Nurse-Midwifery Education Program at the University of California, San Francisco. The tub is filled to cover the belly and sometimes as high as the chest, Dr. Shaw-Battista says. Clothing is optional, she adds, and many women wear a sports bra or a hospital gown.
加州大学旧金山分校(University of California, San Francisco)的护理和助产教育项目(Nurse-Midwifery Education Program)主管詹娜·肖-巴蒂斯塔(Jenna Shaw-Battista)表示,水一般会加热至体温。肖-巴蒂斯塔博士说,缸内的水会没过腹部,有时甚至会齐胸。她补充称,穿不穿衣服可以自己选择,许多女性会穿运动文胸或者医院的病号服。
The scientific literature supports claims that hydrotherapy offers pain relief and relaxation -- and may even shorten labor. But some clinicians draw the line at giving birth underwater.
水疗分娩能减轻疼痛并帮助产妇放松——甚至有可能缩短产程,这些说法都得到科学文献的支持。但一些临床医师在实践中却与水中分娩保持着距离。
In a joint opinion published this month, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the American Academy of Pediatrics, said that due to reports of newborn drownings, near drownings, and infection described in medical literature, the procedure should remain 'experimental' and be performed only in the context of clinical trials.
美国妇产科医师协会(American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists)和美国儿科学会(American Academy of Pediatrics)本月发布联合意见称,鉴于医学文献中有新生儿溺亡、溺水和感染相关报告,水中分娩仍然应该是“实验性的”,只能在临床试验背景下施行。
In theory, in a water birth the baby is brought to the surface safely before it takes its first gasp. But if a baby is experiencing distress -- for example if the umbilical cord is crimped -- it may gasp earlier and 'that's all you need to get water in the lungs or to swallow that water into the stomach,' says Tonse N.K. Raju, chief of the pregnancy and perinatology branch at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in Bethesda, Md., and a liaison to the committee that issued the opinion. Another concern, he says, is that tub water can easily get contaminated with bacteria.
从理论上说,水下分娩的婴儿在开始呼吸之前就已经被安全地带到水面上了。但马里兰州贝塞斯达(Bethesda)的美国国家儿童健康与人类发育研究所(National Institute of Child Health and Human Development)妊娠和围产期学分部主管、负责与发布上述意见的委员会进行联络的通斯·拉朱(N·K· Tonse N.K. Raju)表示,如果婴儿出现窘迫(比如说脐带缠绕过紧),则有可能会提前呼吸,“这就很容易导致肺部呛水,或者把水咽进胃里”。他说,另一担忧是,缸内的水很容易被细菌污染。
Problems are rare, Dr. Raju says. And the doctors' concerns are based not on large randomized trials but on individual case reports, which some midwives say is a flawed approach as births on land can also have complications. So far, a number of observational studies of water births in low-risk women -- including a 1999 British report of 4,032 water deliveries -- have found no higher newborn mortality than a birth out of water. In data released last week by the American Association of Birth Centers, a trade group for free-standing birth centers, there were no infant deaths in 3,998 water births conducted at 79 centers over four years. And 1.5% of babies delivered underwater needed to be transferred to a hospital for observation or treatment, compared with 2.8% delivered on land.
拉朱博士说,这些问题很罕见。另外,医生的担忧也并非基于大规模随机试验,而是基于个案报告,一些助产士认为,这种研究方法是存在缺陷的,因为普通分娩一样会有并发症。 到目前为止,许多针对低危产妇水中分娩的观察性研究(包括1999年英国一项覆盖4,032例水中分娩的报告)发现,水中分娩的新生儿死亡率并不比非水中分娩的死亡率高。代表独立分娩中心的行业组织美国分娩中心联合会(American Association of Birth Centers)近期发布的数据显示,79家分娩中心在四年中施行的3,998 例水中分娩未出现一例新生儿死亡事件。另外,有1.5%的水中分娩婴儿需要被转至医院接受观察或治疗,而非水中分娩的婴儿比例为2.8%。
The data, which the association hopes to publish, reflects that centers steer women likely to have complicated deliveries away from water birth, says the association's director, Lesley Rathbun. Even if a water birth is planned, during labor the baby's heartbeat is carefully monitored and if there's any suggestion of distress, 'we're going to get the woman out of the tub' before delivery, she says.
美国分娩中心联合会主管莱斯莉·拉思本(Lesley Rathbun)表示,这些数据(该联合会希望发表相关数据)反映出,分娩中心会建议高危产妇不要在水中分娩。她说,即使水中分娩是按计划进行的,分娩过程中也会进行细致的胎心监护,如果有任何窘迫征兆,“我们会在胎儿娩出之前让产妇离开水缸”。
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优点,它是指人的长处、好的地方,其与缺点相对。或者事物实用或者好的方面。那么你知道优点用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。
strong point
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想要在英语作文考试中取得高分,也为了预防团购类型的写作,我们需要对它有了解。下面小编为童鞋们搜集来团购利弊英语作文,希望能对大家予以帮助。
Online shopping is the processing where consumers buy goods or services from a seller over the internet.
It is really very convenient, just clicks away. You can wear your pajamas and do shopping in your comfortable home. You don’t need to carry the items since they are delivered to wherever you want. You can place an order at 2:00AM, actually whenever you like. And the best of all, you can compare and select the items from the global resources, and make a very informed purchase decision.
It has the minus sides, too.
You cannot touch, feel, test or taste an item. So you may not like it when you receive it. Basically, your purchase decision will be based on your confidence in the seller and brand.
Second, a birthday gift may be delivered on the day after the birthday. Or you receive it the day before birthday, but it was personalized for a wrong person.
Third, an order is placed though a keyboard. This invites misunderstanding. You "talk" to a computer, not a store worker whose body language you can feel if you buy in a brick and mortar business.
Fourth, it requires a pretty decent computer, a high speed internet connection and a great banking system. What happens to those who cannot offer a system? What if a system goes down? What if a credit card information is stolen when you put it online? It scares, really.
Just as the electricity shocks people dead but is still used everywhere today, however, the online shopping will go popular, more and more, not less and less.
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分娩,特指胎儿脱离母体成为独立存在的个体的这段时期和过程。分娩的全过程共分为3期,也称为3个产程。第一产程,即宫口扩张期。第二产程,即胎儿娩出期。第三产程,胎盘娩出期。那么你知道分娩用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。
deliver
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摘录:我们很喜欢做的往往就暗含着我们原本就很喜欢用的方法,花几分钟去思考一下你真正喜欢做的是什么,找出能增加你经验的重要因素。看看你是否能找到一些固定的模式,或者一些共通方法呢?
Our personal strengths are part of what makes us unique as individuals, and part of the value we offer to the world around us. If we're not aware of our personal strengths, however, we don't always utilize them as fully as we could, and we potentially miss out on true fulfilment in our lives and careers.
每个人不一样的优点造就了我们每个人的唯一性,我们也能用我们的优点为周围的人提供帮助,如果我们还不知道自己的优点,就没法充分地利用它,我们也可能就错过了实现我们个人的价值和成就事业的机会。
In this post, you'll discover 10 ways to find your personal strengths. You might find that some of the methods below are more effective for you than others, so cherry-pick the techniques that resonate.
在本文中有10种方法可以帮你找出自己的优点。你会发现,以下的某些方法可能对你会更有效,择优挑选那些对你有用的方法吧。
Notice what you enjoy
留心一下自己喜欢的是些什么
The kinds of activities we enjoy doing are often an indicator of the skills we naturally enjoy. Take a few moments to think about the things you really love to do, and look at the underlying elements that enrich these experiences for you. Can you see any patterns or shared skills among these things?
我们很喜欢做的往往就暗含着我们原本就很喜欢用的方法,花几分钟去思考一下你真正喜欢做的是什么,找出能增加你经验的重要因素。看看你是否能找到一些固定的模式,或者一些共通方法呢?
Ask trusted friends and family
问问你信赖的家人和朋友
Sometimes it can be hard to judge our strengths with accuracy. Many of us come from cultures where it's polite to be modest, and this can make it hard to identify our own strengths without any outside help. Ask trusted friends or family who know you well what they think your personal strengths are, and see if any of the answers surprise you.
有时我们自己很难精准的找出我们自己的优点。许多人所认可的文化是谦逊礼貌型的,所以如果没有别人的帮助,我们很难弄清我们自己的优点。问问你信赖的家人和朋友,在他们心中你的优点是什么,看看是否会有让自己吃惊地答案出现呢?
What qualities do you like in yourself?
你喜欢自己身上的哪些品质呢?
The qualities you particularly like about yourself will give you some indication of your personal strengths. For example, if you like the fact that you stick to your goals and see them through, even when the going gets tough, one of your personal strengths might be discipline or determination.
你喜欢自己身上的这些品质特点往往也暗示着你个人的优点哦。比如,你喜欢你自己坚持完成目标,并一直付诸行动的特点。尤其是当事情变得棘手的时候,你的优点就会变成坚持做完这件事的决心。
What kind of work do you do and what makes you good at that work?
你做的是什么工作呢?是什么让你胜任这份工作的呢?
Think about what you enjoy about your work and why. If you're struggling to find much that is enjoyable, consider what's missing instead.
仔细想想你喜欢做什么样的工作?为什么喜欢?如果你很难找出你喜欢的,思考一下,是不是其中却少了点什么。
Take an online test
做个在线测试
If you want a more impartial reflection of your personal strengths, try taking one of the many available online tests.
如果你想要一个更公正的反映你优点的方法,那就试试一些网络的在线测试吧
What leaves you feeling energised?
是什么让你觉得精神百倍呢?
We've already looked at the activities and skills you enjoy, and now it's time to look at what leaves you feeling energised. Another way of approaching this is to think back to times you were in what Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi describes as “flow”。 When we are in “flow”, time passes quickly and we feel engrossed in the task at hand. Looking at the skills required for these tasks will give you further clues about your personal strengths.
我们已经讨论了你喜欢的活动和方法,现在也该找出让你精神百倍的原因了。另一个方法就是回想米哈里?契克森米哈赖教授在“流模型”中所提到的时间问题。在这个“流模型”中,当我们沉迷于正在进行的工作的时候,我们就会感觉的精力充沛,时间过得也非常快。找到做这些工作所需的技能也会为你找出自己的优点提供更多的线索哦。
What makes you proud?
是什么让你引以为豪?
Think about three instances in your life when you really felt proud of the way you acted or responded. What was it about your action or response that left you feeling proud? What values did you display and why do you feel proud of the way you acted?
想想让你在生活中真正引以为豪的三个例子,是你的什么行动或反应让你觉得很自豪呢?是什么原因让你觉得很自豪呢?你是因为你的哪些行为觉得很自豪呢?
Who are your role models? What strengths do you admire in them?
谁是你的偶像呢?他们的哪些品质是你所敬佩的呢?
Most of us have role models in our business and personal lives, and these can provide clues to our own personal strengths. Look for the strengths you admire about your particular role models, then think about whether you demonstrate any of those strengths yourself.
在我们工作和生活中,偶像的一些优点也能帮助我们发现自己的优点,找出偶像身上你特别敬佩的那些优点,然后思考你自己是不是也有这些优点
What feedback do you notice from people in day-to-day life?
在平时的生活中别人反馈给你的是一些什么信息?
This tip might sound similar to number 2, but there's a crucial difference: Whereas the second tip involved approaching and asking people for feedback, this tip involves looking for feedback in everyday interactions. This is useful as it can provide a more accurate reflection of how other people truly perceive your strengths, rather their self-reported perception.
这一点可能看起来与第二点相似,但这里有一个很重要的区别:第二点它包含试探和询问别人的意见,而这一点涉及你在与别人的交流互动中寻找获得反馈信息。这一点是很有用的,因为它可以从别人客观的感知中提供给你一个更准确的反馈信息,而不是他们主观的感知。
Which strengths resonate with you?
你所赞同的是你的哪些优点?
Take a look at a list of personal strengths and notice which personal strengths stand out to you. We are often drawn to the strengths that we display ourselves, so think about where each o the strengths that resonate show up in your professional and personal life.
看一看你所列出的优点,观察一下是哪些优点让你脱颖而出。我们通常都向别人展示出这些优点,想想,通常我们的这些优点都表现在哪些地方。
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Our personal strengths are part of what makes us unique as individuals, and part of the value we offer to the world around us. If we're not aware of our personal strengths, however, we don't always utilize them as fully as we could, and we potentially miss out on true fulfilment in our lives and careers.
每个人不一样的优点造就了我们每个人的唯一性,我们也能用我们的优点为周围的人提供帮助,如果我们还不知道自己的优点,就没法充分地利用它,我们也可能就错过了实现我们个人的价值和成就事业的机会。
In this post, you'll discover 10 ways to find your personal strengths. You might find that some of the methods below are more effective for you than others, so cherry-pick the techniques that resonate.
在本文中有10种方法可以帮你找出自己的优点。你会发现,以下的某些方法可能对你会更有效,择优挑选那些对你有用的方法吧。
This tip might sound similar to number 2, but there's a crucial difference: Whereas the second tip involved approaching and asking people for feedback, this tip involves looking for feedback in everyday interactions. This is useful as it can provide a more accurate reflection of how other people truly perceive your strengths, rather their self-reported perception.
这一点可能看起来与第二点相似,但这里有一个很重要的区别:第二点它包含试探和询问别人的意见,而这一点涉及你在与别人的交流互动中寻找获得反馈信息。这一点是很有用的,因为它可以从别人客观的感知中提供给你一个更准确的反馈信息,而不是他们主观的感知。
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