为您找到与抗菌药物英语怎么说相关的共200个结果:
药物指用于预防、诊断、治疗疾病和计划生育的化学物质。那么你知道药物用英语怎么说吗?今天读文网小编在这里为大家介绍关于药物的英语知识,欢迎大家阅读!
药物滥用 substance abuse ; abus de substances ;
迷幻药物 Drogue psychédélique ; Psychedelic drug
药物分析 pharmaceutical analysis ; MSc in Pharmaceutical Analysis ; drug analysis ;
药物疗法 drug therapy ; pharmacotherapy ; chemotherapy ; Medication
药物流产 medical abortion ; Drug abortion ; medication abortion ; Abortion Drug
化疗药物 chemotherapy drug ; chemotherapeutics ; chemotherapeutic drug ; Doxorubicin
基本药物 essential drugs ; essential medicine ; essential drugs or medicines ; basic drugs
药物抗性 drug resistance ; drug attrition ; resistance drug ; chemoresistance
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下面读文网小编为大家带来关于药物知识医学英语阅读,欢迎大家学习!
The physicochemical properties of a drug govern its absorptive potential, but the properties of the dosage form (which partly depend on its design and manufacture) can largely determine drug bioavailability. Differences in bioavailability among formulations of a given drug can have clinical significance. Thus, the concept of equivalence among drug products is important in making clinical decisions. Chemical equivalence refers to drug products that contain the same compound in the same amount and that meet current official standards; however, inactive ingredients in drug products may differ. Bioequivalence refers to chemical equivalents that, when administered to the same person in the same dosage regimen, result in equivalent concentrations of drug in blood and tissues. Therapeutic equivalence refers to drug products that, when administered to the same person in the same dosage regimen, provide essentially the same therapeutic effect or toxicity. Bioequivalent products are expected to be therapeutically equivalent.
Sometimes therapeutic equivalence may be achieved despite differences in bioavailability. For example, the therapeutic index (ratio of the maximum tolerated dose to the minimum effective dose) of penicillin is so wide that moderate blood concentration differences due to bioavailability differences in penicillin products may not affect therapeutic efficacy or safety. In contrast, bioavailability differences are important for a drug with a relatively narrow therapeutic index.
The physiologic characteristics and comorbidities of the patient also affect bioavailability.
Absorption rate is important because even when a drug is absorbed completely, it may be absorbed too slowly to produce a therapeutic blood level quickly enough or so rapidly that toxicity results from high drug concentrations after each dose.
Causes of Low Bioavailability
When a drug rapidly dissolves and readily crosses membranes, absorption tends to be complete, but absorption of orally administered drugs is not always complete. Before reaching the vena cava, a drug must move down the GI tract and pass through the gut wall and liver, common sites of drug metabolism; thus, a drug may be metabolized (first-pass metabolism) before it can be measured in the systemic circulation. Many drugs have low oral bioavailability because of extensive first-pass metabolism. For such drugs (eg, isoproterenol, norepinephrine, testosterone), extraction in these tissues is so extensive that bioavailability is virtually zero. For drugs with an active metabolite, the therapeutic consequence of first-pass metabolism depends on the contributions of the drug and the metabolite to the desired and undesired effects.
Low bioavailability is most common with oral dosage forms of poorly water-soluble, slowly absorbed drugs. More factors can affect bioavailability when absorption is slow or incomplete than when it is rapid and complete, so slow or incomplete absorption often leads to variable therapeutic responses.
Insufficient time in the GI tract is a common cause of low bioavailability. Ingested drug is exposed to the entire GI tract for no more than 1 to 2 days and to the small intestine for only 2 to 4 h. If the drug does not dissolve readily or cannot penetrate the epithelial membrane (eg, if it is highly ionized and polar), time at the absorption site may be insufficient. In such cases, bioavailability tends to be highly variable as well as low. Age, sex, activity, genetic phenotype, stress, disease (eg, achlorhydria, malabsorption syndromes), or previous GI surgery can affect drug bioavailability.
Reactions that compete with absorption can reduce bioavailability. They include complex formation (eg, between tetracycline and polyvalent metal ions), hydrolysis by gastric acid or digestive enzymes (eg, penicillin and chloramphenicol palmitate hydrolysis), conjugation in the gut wall (eg, sulfoconjugation of isoproterenol), adsorption to other drugs (eg, digoxin and cholestyramine), and metabolism by luminal microflora.
Assessment of Bioavailability
Assessment of bioavailability from plasma concentration-time data usually involves determining the maximum (peak) plasma drug concentration, the time at which maximum plasma drug concentration occurs (peak time), and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve. The plasma drug concentration increases with the extent of absorption; the peak is reached when the drug elimination rate equals absorption rate. Bioavailability determinations based on the peak plasma concentration can be misleading, because drug elimination begins as soon as the drug enters the bloodstream. The most widely used general index of absorption rate is peak time; the slower the absorption, the later the peak time. However, peak time is often not a good statistical measure because it is a discrete value that depends on frequency of blood sampling and, in the case of relatively flat concentrations near the peak, on assay reproducibility.
AUC is the most reliable measure of bioavailability. It is directly proportional to the total amount of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation. For an accurate measurement, blood must be sampled frequently over a long enough time to observe virtually complete drug elimination. Drug products may be considered bioequivalent in extent and rate of absorption if their plasma-level curves are essentially superimposable. Drug products that have similar AUCs but differently shaped plasma-level curves are equivalent in extent but differ in their absorption rate-time profiles.
Single vs. multiple doses: Bioavailability may be assessed after single or repetitive (multiple) dosing. More information about rate of absorption is available after a single dose than after multiple dosing. However, multiple dosing more closely represents the usual clinical situation, and plasma concentrations are usually higher than those after a single dose, facilitating data analysis. After multiple dosing at a fixed-dosing interval for four or five elimination half-lives, the blood drug concentration should be at steady state (the amount absorbed equals the amount eliminated within each dosing interval). The extent of absorption can then be analyzed by measuring the AUC during a dosing interval. Measuring the AUC over 24 h is probably preferable because of circadian variations in physiologic functions and because of possible variations in dosing intervals and absorption rates during a day.
For drugs excreted primarily unchanged in urine, bioavailability can be estimated by measuring the total amount of drug excreted after a single dose. Ideally, urine is collected over a period of 7 to 10 elimination half-lives for complete urinary recovery of the absorbed drug. Bioavailability may also be assessed after multiple dosing by measuring unchanged drug recovered from urine over 24 h under steady-state conditions.
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小编为大家整理了抗菌药物的英文翻译。一起来学习吧!
青霉素类英语表达:
青霉素(G) Penicillin(G) Benzylpenicillin, 苄青霉素, 盘尼西林
青霉素V Penicillin V Phenoxymethylpenicillin, Blinvan, Ospen, 苯氧甲基青霉素
苄星青霉素 Benzathine Penicillin 长效西林, 长效青霉素, 比西林, LPG, 苄星青
氨苄西林 Ampicillin 安比西林, 氨苄青霉素, 安必仙, 安必林, 安比林
阿莫西林 Amoxicillin 特力士, 弗来莫星, 羟氨苄青霉素, 益萨林, 阿莫仙, 安福喜, 本原莫星
巴氨西林 Bacampicillin 美洛平, 氨卡西林, 氨苄青霉素甲戊酯
阿洛西林 Azlocillin 阿乐欣, 咪氨苄西林, 氧咪苄青霉素, Azlin
美洛西林 Mezlocillin 天林, Baypen, Mezlin, Baycipen
替卡西林 Ticarcillin 羧噻吩青霉素, 的卡西林, Nonapen, Ticarpen
酞氨西林 Talampicillin 氨苄青霉素酞酯, 酞氨苄青霉素, 酞氨苄西林, TAPC, Talpen
夫苄西林 Furbenicillin 呋脲苄青霉素, 呋苄青霉素, 呋氨西林, 呋喃酰脲苄青霉素
氟氯西林 Flucloxacillin 氟氯苯唑青霉素, 氟沙星, 福氯平, Floxapen
羧苄西林 Carbenicillin 羧苄青霉素, 卡比西林, 羧苄青
阿扑西林 Aspoxicillim 天冬羟氨青霉素, Doyle, ASPC
匹氨西林 Pivampicillin 氨苄西林酯, 匹凡西林, 匹呋西林, 吡呋氨卡西林
双氯西林 Dicloxacillin 双氯青, Dynapen, Consaphyl, Stampen, Diflor
甲氧西林 Meticillin 新青霉素Ⅰ, 美替西林, Azapen, Penysol
苯唑西林钠 Oxacillin Sodium 新青霉素Ⅱ, 苯唑青霉素钠, 苯甲异
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小编为大家整理了抗菌药物的英文翻译,希望对你有帮助哦!
青霉素(G) Penicillin(G) Benzylpenicillin, 苄青霉素, 盘尼西林
青霉素V Penicillin V Phenoxymethylpenicillin, Blinvan, Ospen, 苯氧甲基青霉素
苄星青霉素 Benzathine Penicillin 长效西林, 长效青霉素, 比西林, LPG, 苄星青
氨苄西林 Ampicillin 安比西林, 氨苄青霉素, 安必仙, 安必林, 安比林
阿莫西林 Amoxicillin 特力士, 弗来莫星, 羟氨苄青霉素, 益萨林, 阿莫仙, 安福喜, 本原莫星
巴氨西林 Bacampicillin 美洛平, 氨卡西林, 氨苄青霉素甲戊酯
阿洛西林 Azlocillin 阿乐欣, 咪氨苄西林, 氧咪苄青霉素, Azlin
美洛西林 Mezlocillin 天林, Baypen, Mezlin, Baycipen
替卡西林 Ticarcillin 羧噻吩青霉素, 的卡西林, Nonapen, Ticarpen
酞氨西林 Talampicillin 氨苄青霉素酞酯, 酞氨苄青霉素, 酞氨苄西林, TAPC, Talpen
夫苄西林 Furbenicillin 呋脲苄青霉素, 呋苄青霉素, 呋氨西林, 呋喃酰脲苄青霉素
氟氯西林 Flucloxacillin 氟氯苯唑青霉素, 氟沙星, 福氯平, Floxapen
羧苄西林 Carbenicillin 羧苄青霉素, 卡比西林, 羧苄青
阿扑西林 Aspoxicillim 天冬羟氨青霉素, Doyle, ASPC
匹氨西林 Pivampicillin 氨苄西林酯, 匹凡西林, 匹呋西林, 吡呋氨卡西林
双氯西林 Dicloxacillin 双氯青, Dynapen, Consaphyl, Stampen, Diflor
甲氧西林 Meticillin 新青霉素Ⅰ, 美替西林, Azapen, Penysol
苯唑西林钠 Oxacillin Sodium 新青霉素Ⅱ, 苯唑青霉素钠, 苯甲异噁唑青霉素
奈夫西林 Nafcillin 新青霉素Ⅲ, 乙氧萘青霉素
匹美西林 Pivmecillinam 氮卓咪青霉素双酯, Celfuron, Melysin
仑氨苄西林 Lenampicillin Varacillin, Takacillin
美西林 Mecillinam Selexidleo, Selexid, Coactin, Amdinocillin, 氮卓脒青霉素
哌拉西林钠 Piperacillin Sodium 氧哌嗪青霉素, 哔哌西林, 哌氨苄青霉素Avocin, Orocin, Pipril
氯唑西林钠 Cloxacillin Sodium 邻氯青霉素钠, 氯唑青, Orbenin
阿帕西林钠 Apalcillin Sodium 萘啶青霉素钠, APPC, Lumota, Elumota, Palcin
磺苄西林钠 Sulbenicillin Sodium 磺苄青霉素钠, 卡他西林, 格达西林Sulfocillin, Lilacillin, Kedacillin
青霉素V钾 Phenoxymethylpenicillin Potassiume 6–苯氧乙酰胺基青霉烷酸钾, Cillaphen Distaquaine VK, Compocillin VK, Dowpen VK Cilicaine VK, Apopen, Biopen
海他西林钾 Hetacillin Potassium 缩酮氨苄青霉素钾, Etacillin, Veisapen
卡茚西林钠 Carindacillin Sodium Carbenicillin Indanyl Sodium, Geopen, Geocillin治平霉素
替莫西林二钠 Temocillin Disodium Temopen
头孢菌素类
第一代
头孢噻吩钠 Cefalotin Sodium 先锋Ⅰ号, 头孢金素, 噻孢霉素, CET
头孢噻啶 Cefaloridine 先锋Ⅱ号, 头孢利素, CER, Kafspor
头孢来星 Cefaloglycine 先锋Ⅲ号, 头孢甘酸, Kafocin, Kefglycin
头孢氨苄 Cefalexin 先锋Ⅳ号, 苯甘孢霉素, 头孢力新, CEX
头孢唑啉钠 Cefazolin Sodium 先锋Ⅴ号, 塞福宁, 西华乐林, 先锋啉, 凯复唑Cefalin, CEX, Cefamedin, Kefzol, Cramaxin
头孢拉定 Cefradine 先锋Ⅵ号, 头孢雷定, 头孢瑞丁, 头孢环已烯,泛捷复, Velosef, CED, 塞福定
头孢乙腈 Cefacetrile 先锋Ⅶ号, 头孢腈甲, 头孢赛曲
头孢匹林 Cefapirin 先锋Ⅷ号, 头孢吡硫, Ceta-Dri
头孢硫脒 Cefathiamidine 先锋18, 吡脒头孢
头孢克洛 Cefaclor 赐福乐素, 新达乐, 头孢氯氨苄, Ceclor, 希刻劳,头孢克罗, 可福乐, 氯头孢菌素, CCL
头孢羟氨苄 Cefadroxil Cefadril, Kefroxil, 羟氨苄头孢菌素, 欧意, CDX,Duracef, Bidocef, Cefamx
头孢沙定 Cefroxadine 头孢环烯氨, ORASPON, CGP-9000, CXD
头孢罗齐 Cefprozil 头孢丙烯, Cefzil
头孢替唑 Ceftezole 特子社复, Tezacef, Alomen
第二代
头孢呋辛钠 Cefuroxime Sodium 头孢呋肟, 赐福乐信, 舒贝洛, 西力欣, 特力欣, 明可欣, CXM, Zinacef, Monacef, Ketocef, Furex Kesiut, Supero
头孢替安 Cefotiam 噻乙胺唑头孢菌素, 头孢噻乙胺唑, 泛司博林, 泛司颇灵, Pansparin, Halospor, CTM
头孢呋辛酯 Cefuroxime Axetil 头孢呋肟酯, 新菌灵, 西力达, 头孢呋新乙酰乙酯Zinnat
头孢西丁 Cefoxitin 头孢氧唑, 甲氧头霉噻吩, 噻吩甲氧头孢菌素, 美福仙, 甲氧头霉噻吩, CXT, CFX
头孢尼西二钠 Cefonicid Disodium 铭乐希, Monocid, Cefonicid, Cefodie, Cefol
头孢孟多 Cefamandole 头孢羟唑, 羟苄四唑头孢菌素, Mandolkef, CMT, Cefadole, Mandol
头孢美唑钠 Cefmetazole Sodium 先锋美他醇, 氰唑甲氧头孢菌素, 头孢氰四唑, 头孢美他唑, CEFMETAZON, CMZ, Cemetol
头孢布宗 Cefbuperazone 头孢拉宗, Keiperazon, Tomiporan, Cefobutazine, CBPZ
头孢雷特 Ceforanide 头孢氨甲苯唑, 头孢苄胺四唑, 氨苄唑头孢菌素Precef
第三代
头孢地尼 Cefdinir Cefzon
头孢布坦 Ceftibuten 头孢布烯, Cedax
头孢卡品 Cefcapene Pivoxil 头孢卡喷新戊酰氧甲酯, Flomox
头孢噻肟钠 Cefotaxime Sodium 头孢氨噻肟, 泰可欣, 塞福隆, 菌必灭, 治菌必妥, 凯福隆, 凯复龙, 头孢噻肟, 喜福得, Claforan, CTX
头孢曲松钠 Ceftriaxone Sodium 头孢三嗪, 头孢泰克松, 罗氏芬, 罗噻嗪, 菌必治, 菌得治, 头孢三嗪噻肟, 泛生舒复, 西华瑞隆, Rocephin, Ro-139904, CTRX
头孢哌酮钠 Cefoperazone Sodium 头孢氧哌唑, 先锋必, 头孢必, 达诺欣, 塞福必,Cefobid, T-1551, CPZ
头孢他啶 Ceftazidime 头孢塔齐定, 头孢羧甲噻肟, 复达欣, 凯复定, Glazidine, Fortaz, Eposerin, Modocin, Fotrum, Tazidime, CTZ, Spectrum, Eposerin, Modocin
头孢唑肟 Ceftizoxime 头孢去甲噻肟, 益保世灵, 安保速灵, Epocelin CZX, CEFTIZOX
头孢克肟 Cefixime 头孢烯噻羟肟, 世伏素, 世福素, FK027, Suprax, CFIX , CEFSPAN
头孢甲肟 Cefmenoxime 头孢氨噻肟唑, 倍司特克, BESTCALL, CMX
头孢地嗪 Cefodizime 头孢双唑, 莫敌, 莫敌威, Modivid, Timcef
头孢匹胺 Cefpiramide 先福吡兰, 甲吡唑头孢菌素, 头孢吡胺, CPM,Cefpiran, Sepatren
头孢特仑酯 Cefteram Pivoxil 头孢特仑新戊酰氧甲酯, 托米仑, 头孢他美酯,富山龙, Tomiron
头孢磺吡苄钠 Cefsulodin Sodium 头孢磺吡酮, 头孢磺啶钠, 磺吡苄头孢菌素钠,达克舒林, Cefsulodine, Takesulin, CFS, SCE129
拉他头孢 Latamoxef 羟羧氧酰胺菌素, 拉氧头孢, 头孢拉坦, 噻吗灵Moxalactam, Shiomarin, Moxam, LMOX
头孢米诺 Cefminox 氨羧甲氧头孢菌素, 美土灵, Meicelin
头孢咪唑 Cefpimizole Benilan, SPIE, Ajicef
头孢替坦二钠 Cefotetan Disodium 双硫唑甲氧头孢霉素, Yamatetan, CTT, Cefotan
第四代
头孢唑喃钠 Cefuzonam Sodium Cosmosin, CZON
氟氧头孢钠 Flomoxef Sodium 氟莫克西, 6315-S
头孢匹罗 Cefpirome 头孢吡隆, 氨噻肟吡戊头孢
其它Β-内酰胺类
亚胺培南 Imipenem 伊米配能, 亚胺硫霉素, NFT
氯曲南 Aztreonam 菌克单, 君刻单, 噻肟单酰胺菌素, AZACTAM,Primbactam, Primbactin, SQ-26776
氟罗培南 Faropenem 福劳派南, Farom
苄西林/氯唑西林 Ampicillin/Cloxacillin 复方安比西林, 爱罗苏, 氨氯西林, 白罗仙, 淋必清, Pinocine
亚胺培南/西司他丁 Imipenem/Cilastatin 亚胺硫霉素/西拉司丁, 泰能, TIENAM, PRIMAXIN
阿莫西林/氟氯西林 Amoxicillin/Flucloxacillin 氟羟西林, 新灭菌, Biflocin, Infectrin
三羟阿莫西林/单羟双氯西林 Amoxycillin Trihydrate/Dicloxacillin
康彼身, 克菌, Compliscan
Β-内酰胺类抗生类+Β-内酰胺酶抑制剂
氨苄西林/舒巴坦 Ampicillin/Sulbactam 强力安必仙, 舒他西林, 优力新, 新凯兰欣, 舒氨欣, Unasyn, Sultamicillin
头孢哌酮/舒巴坦 Cefoperazone/Sulbactam 舒普深, 舒哌酮, Sulperazone
头孢噻肟/舒巴坦 Cefotaxime/Sulbactam 新治菌
哌拉西林/他佐巴坦 Piperacillin/Tazobactam Tazocin, YP-14
阿莫西林/克拉维酸 Amoxillin/Clavulanic Acid 安灭菌, 安美汀, 奥格门汀, 安美汀, 阿莫克拉Augmentin, BRL25000
替卡西林/克拉维酸 Ticarcillin/Clavulanic Acid 泰门汀, 特泯菌, 特美汀, Timentin
舒巴坦 Sulbactam 舒巴克坦, 陪他美, 青霉烷砜
氨基糖甙类
链霉素 Streptomycin RIMACTANE, RIFAMPINN, ovostrep
庆大霉素 Gentamycin 庆大霉素C, 瑞贝克, 正泰霉素
庆大霉素链 Gentamicin Chains 塞透派勒链, Septopal
妥布霉素 Tobramycin 立可信软膏,点必舒眼药水(妥布+地塞米松)
泰星,妥布拉霉素,托普霉素,NEBCIN,Factorb, Brulamycin, Tobra, Nebramycin, Gernebcin, Obracine
小诺霉素 Micronomicin 小诺米星, 沙加霉素, 相模霉素, Sagamicin, Kw-1062, MCR
核糖霉素 Ribostamycin 威他霉素, 维生霉素, Vistamycin, Ibistacin
大观霉素 Spectinomycin 奇霉素, 壮观霉素, 淋必治, 奈毒素, Spectram, 克淋, Trobicin, Kirin
阿米卡星 Amikacin 丁胺卡那霉素, Amikin, Likacin
西索米星 Sisomicin 西梭霉素, 西索霉素, 紫苏霉素, Sisomin, Sipeptin
奈替米星 Netilmicin 乙基西梭霉素, 奈特, 奈替霉素, 乙基西素米星, 立克菌星, 乙基紫苏毒素, Ethylsisomicin, Vectacin, Zetamicn, Certomycin, NETROMYCIN
异帕米星 Isepamicin 依克沙霉素, HAPA-B, Exacin
阿司米星 Astromicin 阿司霉素, 福提霉素, 武夷霉素, 强壮霉素FORTIMICIN, Kw-1070, ASTM, Fortimicin
地贝卡星 Dibekacin 双去氧卡那霉素B, Dideoxykanamycin B, DKB, 达苄霉素, Icacine
依替米星 Etimicin 悉能
磷霉素类
磷霉素 Fosfomycin 福赐美仙, Phosphonomycin, Fosfocina, FOM
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摘要:世卫组织呼吁各国政府和各利益攸关方采取必要措施,防止并应对高度耐药微生物的出现。你知道怎么用英语表达吗?
Antimicrobial resistance is not a new problem but one that is becoming more dangerous; urgent and consolidated efforts are needed to avoid regressing to the pre-antibiotic era.
On World Health Day 2011, WHO will introduce a six-point policy package to combat the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
抗菌素耐药性并不是一个新问题,但正在变得越来越危险,需要尽快采取有力措施,以免人类再倒退到前抗生素时代。2011年的世界卫生日,世界卫生组织将制定六方面政策,以控制抗菌素耐药性的蔓延。
文中的Antimicrobial resistance即指“抗菌素耐药性”,今年世界卫生日的主题是Combat Antimicrobial Resistance: No Action Today, No Cure Tomorrow,“控制抗菌素耐药性:今天不采取行动,明天就无药可用”。antimicrobial 为抗菌素,抗菌药,也可以作形容词用,意为抗菌的,文中的antibiotic,意为抗生素,anti-是个前缀,表示“反对的,抗......的”。一个个超级细菌(super bug 或super bacteria)的产生,正是滥用和错用抗生素的结果。
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药物指能影响机体生理、生化和病理过程,用以预防、诊断、治疗疾病和计划生育的化学物质。 药物包括有利于健康的催眠药、感冒药、退烧药、胃药、泻药等等各种药品。药物可在药店购买,处方药必须凭处方购买,药物与药品有极大的差异。那么你知道药物的英语单词是什么吗?下面来学习一下吧。
drug
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小编为大家整理了抗菌药物的英文翻译,希望对你有帮助哦!
抗菌药物的英文翻译(二):
黄连素 Berberine 小檗碱
无味黄连素 Berberine Tannate 鞣酸小檗碱
板蓝根 Isatis Tiactoria 大青叶
穿心莲 Andrographolide 一见喜, 榄核莲, 穿琥宁, 穿心莲内酯, 炎琥宁
鱼腥草素 Houttuynin 癸酰乙醛, 合成鱼腥草素, Capryt Ethaldehyde
大蒜素 Allicin 阿里新, Aricine, 大蒜辣素, 蒜素
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名词解释:美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)表示,抗菌皂实际上可能会对身体有害。你知道怎么用英语表达吗?
The Food and Drug Administration says antibacterial soaps may actually be harmful.
They could pose health risks, such as bacterial resistance or hormonal effects.
The FDA says there is no evidence antibacterial soaps prevent illness any better than plain old soap and water.
美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)表示,抗菌皂实际上可能会对身体有害。
它们可能会带来健康风险,例如细菌抗药性或激素的影响。
FDA表示,没有证据表明抗菌皂比普通肥皂和水更能预防疾病。
文中的antibacterial soap就是“抗菌皂”的意思,antibacterial是复合词,由词缀anti(意为“反对;排斥”)和词根bacterial(意为“细菌的”)组合而成。antibacterial可以作名词(抗菌剂)和形容词(抗菌的),如:antibacterial drug(抗菌药物)。类似的复合词如:anticlockwise(逆时针方向),anti-trade wind(反季候风)。
第二句中的hormonal是形容词,解释为“荷尔蒙的;激素的”,如:restore hormonal balance(恢复激素的平衡)。
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硕士研究生考研英语完型填空题及答案(2024)
为了让考研的同学更高效地复习考研英语,小编考研频道已经整理出了2024年考研英语完型填空试题和答案。如果你正在准备考研,不妨了解一下这些资料,希望它们能对你的备考有所帮助。
考研的考场分配根据考生的所在地以及报考学校等进行安排,在职人员考研时,考场一般都会分配在户籍所在地或工作单位所在地。
考研报考同一学校的考生理论上是分配在一个考点,甚至是同一考场的。考研报考同一学校的相同专业和不同专业是一起考试的。因为考研的考点、考场分配是实行统一管理,采取统一分配的原则,便于管理。
考研考场还有另外的分配方法,是划分考研的考场、考点时先按照各省、各市进行统一划分,然后是按照学校进行划分,再次是按照专业进行划分。
总之就是考研考场怎么分配对于考生的影响不大,考生只需要按照准考证所指示的前往指定考点进行考试即可,并且携带相关证件。
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考研英语2024备考复习技巧
考研英语分为英语一,英语二。考研英语一和英语二的题型都有英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作。以下是小编为大家收集的关于考研英语2024备考复习技巧的相关内容,供大家参考!
1、考研英语二的总考试时长是180分钟。
2、第一部分的20个选择题,可以安排20分钟。
3、第二部分的A节安排75分钟,B节安排25分钟。预计总时长是100分钟。
4、第三部分的英译汉,安排20分钟。
5、第四部分的Part A安排15分钟,Part B安排25分钟。预计总时长是40分钟。
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2023年成人高考专升本英语真题及答案(详解)
成人高考,作为一项国家级的大型考试,承载着无数考生的梦想和期望。经过一上午努力奋斗,2023年10月份成人高考英语科目已经考完,下面小编为大家整理了2023年成人高考专升本英语真题及答案,这些都是由考生回忆整理的,仅供参考!
成人高考英语是必考科目,相对四级英语来说,成考英语的难度要低一些,介于三级到四级之间。很多成考生都没有长期的学习英语,所以刚开始学习难度可能会比较大,但是不用担心,只要坚持学习一段时间,慢慢的我们的学习能力就会加强的。
学习英语尽量开口说,就算记生词也是。把握正确念法,才能帮助记住一个单词。多找文章大声朗诵。成考英语学习没有捷径,学会学习,才能更好地提高复习效率。成人高考属于成人教育的一种,考生几乎都是在职人士,国家自然会有所考量,作为国家选拔人才的一种方式,成人高考采用宽进严出的方式,考试难度并不大。
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义务教育教科书北师大版英语(三年级起点)三年级上册高清
义务教育教科书·英语(三年级起点)三年级上册是人民教育出版社出版的,为了帮助 大家更好的学习。以下是小编为大家收集的关于义务教育教科书北师大版英语(三年级起点)三年级上册的相关内容,供大家参考!
北师大版义务教育教科书·数学·一年级·下册
北师大版义务教育教科书·数学·二年级·下册
北师大版义务教育教科书·数学·三年级·上册
北师大版义务教育教科书·数学·四年级·上册
北师大版义务教育教科书·数学·五年级·上册
北师大版义务教育教科书·数学·六年级·上册
北师大版义务教育教科书·语文·一年级·上册
北师大版义务教育教科书·语文·二年级·上册
北师大版义务教育教科书·语文·三年级·上册
北师大版义务教育教科书·语文·四年级·上册
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人教PEP版小学3年级英语上册(电子课本)
人教版PEP版的教材设计更加科学,提倡“以话为主,以书为辅”的教学理念,更侧重实践,让学生在实践中学习,而人教版则更侧重说说,让学生在许多练习中掌握英语的基本知识和技能。以下是小编为大家收集的关于人教PEP版小学3年级英语上册的相关内容,供大家参考!
(1) 祈使句有两种类型,一种是以动词原形开头,在动词原形之前加do (但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。
Take this seat.
Do be careful.
否定结构:
Don't move.
Don't be late.
(2) 第二种祈使句以let开头。
Let 的反意疑问句
a、 Let's 包括说话者
Let's have another try,shall we / shan't we?
= Shall we have another try?
b、Let us 不包括说话者
Let us have another try,will you / won't you?
= Will you please let us have another try?
否定结构:
Let's not talk of that matter.
Let us not talk of that matter.
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人教PEP版三年级上册英语电子课本教材(完整版)
人教版PEP版的教材设计更加科学,提倡“以话为主,以书为辅”的教学理念,更侧重实践,让学生在实践中学习,而人教版则更侧重说说,让学生在许多练习中掌握英语的基本知识和技能。以下是小编为大家收集的关于人教PEP版三年级上册英语电子课本教材的相关内容,供大家参考!
问候和自我介绍:在第一部分,学生学习如何用英语问候和进行自我介绍,包括基本的问候语、介绍自己和问候他人的常见语句。
数字和颜色:在这个单元,学生们学会用英语数数和描述颜色,课程包括数数1到100,如何描述颜色以及练习颜色相关的游戏和绘画活动。
家庭和朋友:在这个单元中,学生们学习介绍自己的家庭成员和朋友。
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如今人工智能影响着我们生活的方方面面,知道以人工智能影响生活为题的英语作文要怎么写吗?下面读文网小编为大家整理人工智能影响生活英语作文,希望对你有所帮助!
How artificial intelligence changes our life
Artificial intelligence is developing quicker than before. I believe one day, artificial intelligence will be one of the most important concepts likes mobile, car and house. The artificial intelligence may change our life.Firstly, may be we need't do housework any more. The robot can wash the dishes, clean the floor and even help us make the bed. Secondly, the artificial intelligence could be a search website like google, baidu. When we have any trouble, just ask it the question and it will give you the suitable answer. Thirdly, we will not come to school only stay at home to learn from the robot. Fourly, the artificial intelligence will be used as the war, which makes the world become more dangerous than before and this is the outcoming as well. Finally, I guess may be the artificial intelligence can make love with human and help them deliver child.I think the era of artificial intelligence will come sooner and later.
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英语写作对于提高我们的英语能力十分重要,那么你想知道a picnic这篇的英语作文要怎么写吗?下面读文网小编为大家带来a picnic英语作文范文,欢迎大家学习!
It was a sunny day.We decided to have a picnic outside the city.In the morning,we took an early bus to Nanhui.It was quite a colorful world.There were green trees,orange leaves,red peach blossoms.At noon,we reached the place,we sat by the river bank and took out a lot of things,such as bread,orange juice,apples,cakes,eggs and so on.But all of a sudden,it began to rain.Unluckily there was no shelter nearby.We had to take a bus to go back home in a hurry.
What an unforgettable picnic it was!
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饮食健康很重要,那么以a healthy diet为题的英语作文到底要怎么写呢?下面读文网小编为大家整理a healthy diet英语作文篇篇范文,希望对你有所帮助!
Last night, I ate a lot of food, such as KTC and ice cream, before I slept, I ate some cold food in the fridge. At midnight, I felt my stomach hurt badly, my family was woke up, they sent me to the hospital. After seeing the doctor, he told me that I had eaten too much food, what’s more, the food was not healthy, so it hurt my stomach. Since then, I realized that I should not eat the rubbish food often, I should keep the healthy diet. Now my diet is regular, I won’t take in much food before sleeping, my body is becoming healthy. In the morning, I eat an egg and make sure I take in enough vitamins. Even when I see the rubbish food is tempting, I take no hesitation to say no to them. I am so proud of myself.
昨晚,我吃了很多事物,比如肯德基和冰淇淋,在睡觉前,我吃了一些在冰箱里面的冷食物。半夜里,我觉得胃疼得厉害,我的家人被吵醒了,他们把我送到了医院。看过了医生以后,医生告诉我吃了太多的东西,而且,吃的都是不健康的食物,因此我的胃才会那么疼。打从那时起,我意识到自己不能经常吃垃圾食品,我应该保持健康的饮食。现在我的饮食很健康,我不会在睡觉前吃很多东西,我的身体变得健康。早上,我吃了一个鸡蛋,确保我吸收足够的营养。即使当我看到很诱惑的垃圾食品时,我也毫不犹豫地说不。我为自己感到自豪。
#p#副标题#e#
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很多同学都不知道以accident为题的英语作文要怎么写,所以下面读文网小编为大家带来accident英语作文,欢迎大家学习!
I was on my home to school yesterday. Suddenly I saw a boy riding a bike past me quickly. He run so fast that he hit a bike at the corning. They both fell on the ground. Luckily they didn't hurt badly. And they didn't quarel. I though we should pay more attention to our safety. We shouldn't rode too fast.
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