为您找到与我的英语老师随笔相关的共70个结果:
想知道英语老师面试要怎么自我介绍,才能让面试官留下好的印象吗?下面读文网小编为大家带来英语老师自我介绍模板,希望对你有所帮助!
GOOD morning everyone:
I am so glad that I can get this interview.Thank you for your 3 minutes.My admission number is 123.I graduated from ***** university in July this year,and I majored in the Chinese Language.I have an teaching exercitation for two months in one middle school,where I have hold the post of class-chairman and Chinese teacher,and I have been appreciated highly by the teachers and students who come from that school.Now, I have the seniority of the high school teaching.
In the university,I had initial skills of becoming a qualified teacher and to teach up to a certain level of teaching.I have good moral self-cultivation, and have a firm political direction. I love the motherland, the people, and strongly support the leadership of the CPC and the socialist system.I participated in school activities of public awareness and patriotism with a pragmatic truth the spirit of enthusiasm. Now, I have become a glorious Communist Party members.
In the study, I successfully completed the professional courses and obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree and college diploma,and had passed the College English Test 6. I usually read a great deal of relevant literature, psychology, education, and other series of books,which make my literature greatly increasing.I have publish some works in certain literary magazines.
In the life,I advocate a simple life, and love sports.I have good habits.
I have a dream of having been a teacher from my childhood.Today, I came with enthusiasm, hoping to be recognized by you, I will use my all passion to return yourapproval.
That's all.Thank you.
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英语老师在课堂上要尽量多讲英语,使学生们能耳濡目染,渐渐地跟随老师自然地讲英语。下面读文网小编为大家带来英语老师课堂英语句子,希望对你有所帮助。
1. What day is it today? 今天星期几?
2. What‘s the weather like today? 今天的天气怎么样?
3. In Class ( 课堂上)
4. Let‘s begin a new lesson。们开始学新课。
5. We‘ll learn something new 。我们讲学新知识。
6. Let‘s learn some new words/ sentences咱们学些新单词/句子
7. Let‘s review what we learned yesterday。咱们复习一下昨天学过的内容。
8. Ready? Are you ready? 准备好了吗?
9. Start开始
10. All together。大家一起来。
11. Read all together now。大家一起读。
12. Sit down ,please。请坐端正。
13. Stop talkingdon‘t talk。不许说话。
14. Be quiet, please。请安静。
15. Look at my mouth, please。请看我的口型。
16. Quickly, /be quick, please请迅速点。
17. HurryHurry up, please= Please a little faster。请快点。
18. Do you understand? = Do you follow me 听懂了吗?
19. Can you follow me? 你能听懂我的话吗?
20. Is that clear? 听清楚了吗?
21. Listen, please。请听。
22. Please listen to me请注意听我说。
23. Please listen to the tape recorder/ to the recording请听录音。
24. Listen carefully, please。请仔细听。
25. Look carefully。仔细看。
26. Please look at the blackboard/picture/ slide。请看黑板/幻灯片。
27. Please answer my questions。请回答我的问题。
28. Can you spell the word。。。。? 你能拼读这个单词吗?
29. Spell the word。。。。, please。请拼读这个单词。
30. Pay attention to your spelling/pronunciation。注意你的拼写/发音。
31. Say after me, please。请跟我说。
32. Read after me, please。请跟我读。
33. Try to keep up with me, please。请跟我学。
34. Please say it again。请再说一遍。
35. Please repeat/ Once more, please/ again please。请再作一次。
36. Who‘s going to 。。?谁准备。。。。。。。。。?
37. Who wants to。。。? 谁想要。。。。。。。。。。。。。?
38. Please come to the front。请到前面来。
39. In pairs, please。请两人一组练习。
40. Any volunteers?有谁自愿做这件事吗?
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如果想当一名英语老师,你知道英语老师个人求职信应该怎么写吗?下面读文网小编为大家带来英语老师求职信英文范文,希望对您有所帮助。
Dear Sir or Madame :
Hello, I'm Jane. I graduated from XX University in 2011, specializing in English. After graduation, I took jobs such as English interpreter, English teacher. My last job is telemarketing for an insurance company. Now I'm looking for a position in English teaching, and I will devote myself in education.
I think I'm a optimistic and confident person with great sense of patience, responsibility. I keep the saying in my mind that it is never too late to learn. It has been one of my habits that learning something new every day and making a summary of what had been done. I'm good at communicating with people and team-wok as well. God helps those who help themselves. I'm firmly convinced that efforts would be paid off. Therefore, I'm always being a hardworking person, behaving myself in a down-to-earth way, no matter where I am. During my school time, I was given honor such as excellent student and outstanding student leader, and I was awarded scholarships every year. When I come to the working world, my attitude and efforts to work is well recognised by my boss, as well as my colleague.
Like many young people, I felt lost, not knowing what to do in the future when I just left school. Thus, I did jobs like English interpreter, English teacher, and telemarketing. Though I quit them one by one eventually, I feel grateful for those who offer me the chance to wok. Because I regard every job that I go through as an opportunity to show myself and get
stronger. What I get from these jobs ? It is more than working experience, but growing in mind. I finally know who I am, what should I do, and what is fit for me.
After undergoing 3 positions, I find that I get more mature and more reasonable. I firmly believe that I born to be a teacher, and being a English teacher is the best choice. The reasons are as follow. Firstly, I love to be a teacher, and I regard education as my career . I hope that I can devote myself to this great career. Secondly, I have a mild temper, having sense of patience and responsibility. These are important factors for being a teacher. Thirdly, I am familiar with the curriculum of middle school, and I have a good understanding of middle school students. Thus I can teach the students according to their aptitude with flexible teaching methods. What is more, I have strong expressive power , cheerful and genial personality, specially good at talking with students. Last but not the least, I think I am a qualified teacher professionally, for I past the TEM8( Test for English Major Band 8) and got the Teacher Certification. On the other hand, I have rich experience in teaching and individual tutoring . I am convinced that I can be competent for this position, and I will devote myself to this job, trying my best to be an excellent teacher, good friends of my students, and good partner of my colleagues. Thank you!
Best regards.
Sincerely yours,
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弗朗西斯·培根是英国文艺复兴时期最重要的散文家、哲学家。他不但在文学、哲学上多有建树,在自然科学领域里,也取得了重大成就。他的第一部重要著作《随笔》最初发表于1597年,以后又逐年增补。该书文笔言简意赅、智睿夺目,它包含许多洞察秋毫的经验之谈,其中不仅论及政治而且还探讨许多人生哲理。下面读文网小编为大家带来培根经典散文随笔阅读,希望大家喜欢!
Many have made witty invectives against usury. They say, that it is pity, the devil should have God's part, which is the tithe. That the usurer is me greatest Sabbath breaker, because his plough goeth every Sunday. That the userer is the drone, that Virgil speaketh of: ignavum fucos pecus a praesepibus arcent.
许多人都曾经说过巧妙的骂放债的话。他们说,人类应给上帝的贡献是每人底收入底十分之一,而现在这上帝应得的一部竟被魔鬼占了,真是一件可悲的事。又说,放债的人乃是最大的破坏安息日的人,因为他底犁耙是每个安息日都在工作的。又说放债的人就是委吉尔所说的雄蜂。
That the usurer breaketh the first law that was made for mankind, after the fall; which was, in sudore vultus tui comedes panem tuum; not, in sudore vultus aliem. That usurers should have orange-tawny bonnets, because they do Judaise. That it is against nature, for money to beget money; and the like. I say this only, that usury is a concessum propter duritiem cads', for since there must be borrowing and lending, and men are so hard of heart as they will not lend freely, usury must be permitted. Some others have made suspicious and cunning propositions of banks, discovery of men's estates, and other inventions. But few have spoken of usury usefully. It is good to set before us the incommodides, and commodities of usury; that the good may be either weighed out, or culled out; and warily to provide, that while we make forth to that which is better, we meet not with that which is worse.
他们把那些雄蜂(一群偷懒的东西)从蜂房中驱逐出去了。又说放债的人把人类自失乐园以后的第一条法律破坏了。这第一条法律就是“你将汗流满面然后得食”,而放债的人却是“借他人面上的汗而得食”的。又说放债的人应该戴姜黄色的帽子,因为他们是变了犹太人了。又说钱生钱是有悖天道的,诸如此类。我只有这句话可说,就是,放债是“因为人心太硬而始蒙上帝允许的一种事”。因为既然借与贷是免不了的,而且人底心肠是硬得不肯白借钱给人的,那么放债的事情便非准许不可了。又有些人也曾经关于银行及财产呈报和其他的办法作过多疑而巧妙的建议,但是很少有关于放债这件事说过有用的话的。把放债的利与害列举在我们眼前,以便我们酌量采择其利,并且小心办理,庶几我们在走向改良之途的时候不要遇见比现在更坏的事情,这是好的。
The discommodities of usury are: first, that it makes fewer merchants. For were it not for this lazy trade of usury, money would not lie still, but would, in great part, be employed upon merchandising; which is the vena porta of wealth in a state. The second, that it makes poor merchants. For as a fanner cannot husband his ground so well, if he sit at a great rent; so the merchant cannot drive his trade so well, if he sit at great usury. The third is incident to the other two; and that is, the decay of customs of kings or states, which ebb or flow with merchandising. The fourth, that it bringeth the treasure of a realm or state into a few hands. For the usurer being at certainties, and others at uncertainties, at the end of the game; most of the money will be in the box; and ever a state flourisheth, when wealth is more equally spread. The fifth, that it beats down the price of land: for the employment of money is chiefly, either merchandising, or purchasing; and usury waylays both. The sixth, that it dolh dull and damp all industries, improvements, and new inventions, wherein money would be stirring, if it were not for this slug. The last, that it is the cancer and ruin of many men's estates; which in process of time breeds a public poverty.
放债底害处:第一它使商人底数目减少。因为要是没有放债这种懒惰生意,金钱是不会静止不动的,反之,大部分的金钱将被用在商业上,而商业乃是国家底财富底“门静脉”。第二,放债使商人性质变劣。因为,一个农人,假如他住在一个租价很大的田地上他就不能够好好地经营他底地土;类此,假如一个商人不得不靠高利贷的话,他就不能好好地进行他底生意。第三件害处是附属于上述的两件害处的,就是帝王或国家底税收之减少,税收原是随着贸易涨落的。第四件害处是放债把一国底财富都聚在少数人之手。因为放债的人是拿得稳的,而别的生意人是不能拿得稳的,所以到这场戏快结束的时候大多数的钱都进了放债为生的人底箱子了。然而一个国家总是在财富分配得最为平均的时候最为兴盛的。第五件害处是放债之举把土地的价值打低了;因为金钱底用处,主要是在做生意或购置田产,而放债却把这两种事业都路劫了。第六件害处是,放债把一切的工业、改良、和新的发明都挫折,压抑了,因为假如没有放债这种事业阻挠的话,在上述的种种事业中自会有金钱活动的。最末的一件害处是,放债是蠹害许多人底财产的东西,而这种行为经过了相当时间之后是会引起一种共同的贫乏的。
On the other side, the commodities of usury are. First, that howsoever usury in some respect hindereth merchandising, yet in some other it advanceth it: for it is certain, that the greatest part of trade is driven by young merchants, upon borrowing at interest: so as if the usurer either call in, or keep back his money, there will ensue presently a great stand of trade. The second is, that were it not for this easy borrowing upon interest, men's necessities would draw upon them a most sudden undoing; in that they would be forced to sell their means (be it lands or goods) far under foot; and so, whereas duty doth but gnaw upon them, bad markets would swallow them quite up.
在另一方面,放债底益处是,第一,无论放债之举在某种情形是多么阻挠商业的,然而在别的方面它却是助长商业的;因为商业底最大部分是由年轻的商人靠着借有利息的债而经营的,这是无疑的。如果放债的人把他底钱收回或者不放出去,马上就会发生商业上的大停滞。第二件益处是,要没有这样容易的用利息借债的办法,人们底需要将使他们骤然陷于没落;因为他们将不得不被迫而卖掉他们赖以为生的资产(无论是田产或货物)而且卖得价值远不及这些资产底真正价值。所以,放债的行为固然是蠹蚀这些人,但是若没有放债的行为,则坏的市面将把他们整个吞噬了。
As for mortgaging, or pawning, it will lime mend the matter, for either men will not take pawns without use; or if they do, they will look precisely for the forfeiture. I remember a cruel moneyed man, in the country, that would say; the devil take this usury, it keeps us from forfeitures of mortgages and bonds. The third and last is; that it is a vanity to conceive that there would be ordinary borrowing without profit; and it is impossible to conceive the number ofinconveniencies that will ensue, if borrowing be cramped.
至于抵押或典当之举,那也是无补于事的:因为,不是人们不肯无利息地收受抵押和典当;就是,如果他们肯这样做,他们必定会眼睛专注在没收那些资产上面的。记得有一位乡下的狠心富翁,他常说,“鬼把这种放债的举动拿去才好,它使得我们不能够没收抵押的产业和证券”。第三而第末的益处是,设想能有不带利息的一般借贷乃是虚妄的;并且,如果借贷之事一受拘束,将发生的不便之处其数目之多是不能想象的。
Therefore, to speak of the abolishing of usury is idle. All states have ever had it, in one kind or rate, or other. So as that opinion must be sent to Utopia.
因此要废止放债业的话是空话。所有的国家都有过这种生意的,不过种类与利率的不同罢了。所以这种意见只好送到乌托邦里去了。
To speak now, of the reformation and reiglement of usury; how the discommodities of it may be best avoided, and the commodities retained. It appears by the balance of commodities and discommodities of usury, two things are to be reconciled. The one, that the tooth of usury be grinded, that it bite not too much: the other, that there be left open a means, to invite moneyed men to lend to the merchants, for the continuing and quickening of trade. This cannot be done, except you introduce two several sorts of usury; a less, and a greater. For if you reduce usury to one low rate, it will ease the common borrower, but the merchant will be to seek for money. And it is to be noted that the trade of merchandise, being the most lucrative, may bear usury at a good rate; other contracts not so.
现在且一谈改良并管理放债业之道;如何可以避免它底害处而保持它底益处。从放债业底利害相权看来,有两件事是应当调和的。一件是,放债业底牙齿应当磨得钝一点,使它不至于咬人咬得太厉害;另一件是,应当留一个门户,可以鼓励有钱的人放债给商家,以便商业能够继续并活动。这件事情除非你创立两种大小不同的放债,是办不到的。因为,假如你把放债业全减到一个低利率上去,这种办法对一般的借债者将要容易一点而商人将不容易找到钱了。并且我们也应当注意,商品交易的事业,因为获利最厚,所以能担负高利贷,而别的事业则不如此。
To serve both intentions, the way would be briefly thus. That there be two rates of usury, the one free, and general for all; the other under licence only, to certain persons, and in certain places of merchandising. First therefore, let usury, in general, be reduced to five in the hundred; and let that rate be proclaimed to be free and current; and let the state shut itself out, to take any penalty for the same.
要把上述的两种目的都达到,其方法略如下。要有两种利率;一种是自由而且公开的;另一种是受统治的,唯有某种人并且在某种商业地域才可以得到允许的。因此第一,应当使普通放债底利率减到百分之五;这种利率应当公布为自由的通行的利率;并且国家应当担承对于这种的利率不加以罪。
This will preserve borrowing from any general stop or dryness. This will ease infinite borrowers in the country. This will, in good part, raise the price of land, because land purchased at sixteen years purchase will yield six in the hundred, and somewhat more, whereas this rate of interest yields but five. This, by like reason, will encourage and edge industrious and profitable improvements; because many will rather venture in that kind, than take five in the hundred, especially having been used to greater profit Secondly, let there be certain persons licensed to lend, to known merchants, upon usury at a higher rate; and let it be with the cautions following.
这个办法可使借贷之举免于停止或枯竭,也可以便利国内无数的借款人。并且,这个办法,在大体上,将提高田地底价值,因为以十六年交清买款为期买来的地一年之中可以产生百分之六或稍高的利息,而这种放债底利率则只能产生百分之五的利息也。以同样的理由,这种办法也将鼓励并激刺工业和有益的改良,因为许多人将宁愿投资于这些事业而不愿收百分之五的利益,尤其是收惯了较高的利息的人更要如此。第二,应该让一部分人得到允许,可以用较高的利率放债给知名的商人;这种事并且还得有如下的预防。
Let the rate be, even with the merchant himself, somewhat more easy, than that he used formerly to pay: for, by that means, all borrowers shall have some ease by this reformation, be he merchant, or whosoever. Let it be no rank or common stock, but every man be master of his own money: not that I altogether mislike banks, but they will hardly be brooked, in regard of certain suspicions. Let me state be answered, some small matter, for the licence, and the rest left to the lender: for if the abatement be but small, it will no whit discourage the lender. For he, for example, that took before ten or nine in the hundred, will sooner descend to eight in the hundred, than give over his trade of usury, and go from certain gains, to gains of hazard.
这种利率,即在那些商人底方面,也应该比他从前惯付的利率较为轻一点;因为由这种方法,所有的借款人都可以得到一点便利,无论他是商人或是任何人。放债的人不可是银行或公司,而每个人都应当是他自己底钱底主人。这并不是我完全憎恶银行,而是因为他们为了某种嫌疑的原故是很难受一般人底信任的。国家为了所发的允许证应当使放债人负责缴纳一笔小捐税,其余的利益则应当归之于放债的人;因为假如这种捐税底数目很小的话,它是决不会使放债的人灰心的。举例来说,那原先收百分之十或百分之九的利息的人是宁可降到百分之八而不肯放弃他底放债事业,撇下拿得稳的利益跑去求冒险的利益的。
Let these licenced lenders be in number indefinite, but restrained to certain principal cities and towns of merchandising: for then they will be hardly able to colour other men's monies in the country: so as the licence of nine will not suck away the current rate of five: for no man will send his monies far off, nor put them into unknown hands.
这些持有允许证的放债者其数目可以不必限定,不过他们营业的地点却应当限于某几个商业的城市;因为这样他们就不能掩饰国中他人底钱财:持有特许证可以放百分之九的利率的债的人就不会把那一般流行的百分之五的利率的钱吸收尽了;因为没有人肯把钱放到远处,或放在不相识的人底手里的。
If it be objected that this doth, in a sort, authorise usury, which before was, in some places, but permissive: the answer is; mat it is better to mitigate usury by declaration, than to suffer it to rage by connivance.
如果有人反对说,以前放债的事业不过是在某种地方受容忍,而我底办法差不多要使它成为合法的营业了;我的答语是用公开承认的办法补救放债底害处比默认其存在而使它横行的好一点。
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弗朗西斯·培根是英国文艺复兴时期最重要的散文家、哲学家。他不但在文学、哲学上多有建树,在自然科学领域里,也取得了重大成就。他的第一部重要著作《随笔》最初发表于1597年,以后又逐年增补。该书文笔言简意赅、智睿夺目,它包含许多洞察秋毫的经验之谈,其中不仅论及政治而且还探讨许多人生哲理。下面读文网小编为大家带来培根散文随笔双语阅读,希望大家喜欢!
Men's thoughts are much according to their inclination: their discourse and speeches according to their learning, and infused opinions; but their deeds are after as they have been accustomed. And therefore, as Machiavelli well noteth (though in an evil favoured instance) there is no trusting to the force of nature, nor to the bravery of words; except it be corroborate by custom. His instance is, that for the achieving of a desperate conspiracy, a man should not rest upon the fierceness of any man's nature, or his resolute undertakings; but take Such an one, as hath had his hands formerly in blood. But Machiavelli knew not of a Friar Clement, nor a Ravillac, nor a Jaureguy, nor a Baltazar Gerard: yet his rule holdeth still, that nature, nor the engagement of words, are not so forcible as custom. Only superstition is now so well advanced, that men of the first blood are as firm as butchers by occupation: and votary resolution is made equipollent to custom, even in matter of blood. In other things, the predominancy of custom is everywhere visible; in so much, as a man would wonder, to hear men profess, protest, engage, give great words, and then do just as they have done before: as if they were dead images, and engines moved only by the wheels of custom.
人们底思想多是依从着他们底愿望的,他们底谈论和言语多是依从着他们底学问和从外面得来的见解的;但是他们底行为却是随着他们平日的习惯的。所以马基亚委利说得很好(虽然他所论的事是很丑的),天性底力量和言语底动人,若无习惯底增援,都是不可靠的。他所论的事情是,为了完成一件极险恶的阴谋,一个人不可信任所用的某人之天性底凶猛或约言底坚决,而应当任用以前曾经亲自下过手,手上染过他人底血的人。但是马基亚委利不知道有一个乞僧克莱门,也不知道有一个哈委亚克,也不知道有一个约尔基,也不知道有一个巴尔塔萨尔·杰拉尔;然而他底定律依然是不移的,就是,天性与言语上的允诺要约都不如习惯有力。只有一件,就是现在迷信很盛,以致初次为迷信杀人的人简直是和业屠的人一样地不动心;盟誓底决意也被作成与习惯一样地强,甚至在流血的事件中亦是如此。在迷信以外的事情中习惯之凌驾一切是处处可见的;其势力之强,使得人们于自白、抗辩、允诺、夸张之后,依然一仍旧贯地作下去,好象他们是无生命的偶像,和由习惯底轮子来转动着的机械似的,这种情形真使人惊讶。
We see also the reign or tyranny of custom, what it is. The Indians (I mean the sect of their wise men) lay themselves quietly upon a stack of wood, and so sacrifice themselves by fire. Nay, the wives strive to be burned with the corpses of their husbands. The lads of Sparta, of ancient time, were wont to be scourged upon the altar of Diana, without so much as queening. I remember in the beginning of Queen Elizabeth's time of England, an Irish rebel condemned, put up a petition to the deputy, that he might be hanged in a with, and not in an halter, because it had been so used, with former rebels.
我们也可以见到习惯底统治或专制,可以看出它是怎么回事。印度人(我说的是他们底哲人中的一派)会自己静静地躺在一堆柴上,然后用火自焚以为牺牲。不但如此,那些做妻子的还要争着与丈夫底尸身一同烧死呢。在古时,斯巴达底青年们常乐于在狄亚那底祭坛上受笞刑,连一动也不动。我还记得在女王伊利萨白初年的英国,有一个被判死刑的爱尔兰叛党曾上呈总督,请求缢死他的时候用薪条而不用绞索,因为以前的叛党都是照例用薪条的。
There ON be monks in Russia, for penance, that will sit a whole night in a vessel of water, till they be engaged with hard ice. Many examples may be put of the force of custom, both upon mind, and body. Therefore, since custom is the principal magistrate of man's life, let men by all means endeavour to obtain good customs.
在俄罗斯有些僧人为赎罪起见,会在水盆里坐上一夜,直到他们被坚冰冻住了才算。习惯在人底精神和肉体两方面的力量,例子可以举出很多来。所以,既然习惯是人生底主宰,人们就应当努力求得好的习惯。
Certainly, custom is most perfect, when it beginneth in young years: this we call education; which is, in effect, but an early custom. So we see, in languages the tongue is more pliant to all expressions and sounds, the joints are more supple to all fears of activity and motions, in youth than afterwards. For it is true, that late learners cannot so well take the ply; except it be in some minds, that have not suffered themselves to fix, but have kept themselves open and prepared to receive continual amendment, which is exceeding rare.
习惯如果是在幼年就起始的,那就是最完美的习惯,这是一定的,这个我们叫做教育。教育其实是一种从早年就起始的习惯。所以我们常见,在言语上,幼年时代比幼年以后舌头较为柔活,能学一切的语法及声音,并且四肢关节也比较柔活,适于各种的竞技和运动。因为年长方学的人不能象从小就学起的人能屈伸如意,这是真的;除非在有些从未固定自己底心志,反而把心志开放着,并准备好了接受不断的改良的人们,那算是例外,但这种情形是非常之少的。
But if the force of custom simple and separate, be great: the force of custom copulate, and conjoined and collegiate, is far greater. For there example teacheth; company comforteth; emulation quickeneth; glory raiseth: so as in such places the force of custom is in his exaltation. Certainly, the great multiplication of virtues upon human nature resteth upon societies well ordained, and disciplined. For commonwealths, and good governments, do nourish virtue grown, but do not much mend the seeds. But the misery is, that the most effectual means are now applied to the ends least to be desired.
但是假如个人底单独的习惯其力量是很大的,那么共有的联合的习惯,其力量就更大得多了。因为在这种地方他人底例子可为我之教训,他人底陪伴可为我之援助,争胜之心使我受刺激,光荣使我得意,所以在这种地方习惯底力量可说是到了最高峰。天性中美德底繁殖是要仗着秩序井然,纪律良好的社会的;这是无疑的。因为国家与好政府只是滋养已长成的美德,而不甚帮助美德的种子的。可悲者,最有效的工具,目前是正用以求达到最要不得的目的呢。
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下面是读文网小编整理的英语老师面试自我介绍,以供大家学习参考。
good morning everyone!
i'm nickole. i'm 24. i graduated from hunan normal universaty on shuda campus. my major is english education. after graduation, i have worked for one year in li yang听kid's engish. my students are between 5 and 12 years old.
i'm outgoing and open-minded. in my spare time, i have broad interests. such as reading, surfing the internet, listening to music and even chatting with foreign friends online if possible. i like children very much. i think children are active, innocent and pure. with them, i feel very relaxed, plesant and younger. therefore, i learned a lot from my one year working experence.
teaching children english is very interested but it is also challeging. because children are always active, even sometimes very naughty. so teachers need a lot of patience to deal with children. the most important that i have learned from my one year teacing experence is that a teacher should have the kind of听the mind that always wants to go on learning. teaching is a job at which one will never be perfet. if i have the chance, i will try my best to be a good primary english teacher.
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下面是读文网小编整理的面试英语老师的自我介绍,希望对大家有帮助。
Good monring. It's a pleasure for me to be here in front of you to present myself. My name is Philip Wong, and I am a candidate for the position of Overseas Sales Representative.
My background and work experience are tailor-made for this position. I studied marketing as an undergrad here in Taiwan, and in 1985, I received my MBA from the University of Texas School of Business. For five years now, I have utilized my skills and knowledge as the Assistant Director of Exports for magic kitchen Supplies.
Action Appliances is a forward-looking company. I am aware that you are expanding into new markets, particularly in the U.S. Thus you are going to need aggressive, take-charge sales representatives. At magic Kitchen, during my five years there, we expanded our U.S market share by 25%. This is just one example of my ability to go out there and sell products.
A position with your company would be both a learning experience and a great opportunity. I look forward to becoming part of the Action team. Thank you.
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不知大家用英语作文来介绍自己的英语老师,感觉如何呢?是不是很新鲜呢?下面是读文网小编带来我的英语老师英语作文范文,欢迎大家阅读!
My English Teacher
In my life, Ms. Wang is the most important person to me. Her teaching skills are diverse. In class, she usually uses games and posters. She works hard for us. When other teachers rest, she still keeps working and working. When we are mischievous, she is good at giving systematic guidance.
We are really grateful for what she has done for us. We want to say ”thank you” to her.
作文翻译:
我的英语老师
王小姐是我人生中最重要的一个人。她的教学方法丰富多样。她经常用作游戏和展示大图片的方式给我们上课。她为了我们努力工作。当其他老师休息的时候,她依然在工作。当我们淘气的时候,她很擅长给我们系统的指导。
我们非常感激她为我们所做的一切。我们想对她说声谢谢。
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下面是读文网小编整理的面试英语老师自我介绍,欢迎大家阅读!
I am actually a native of this city and entered xxx university after I passed the higher educational entrance test. That is why I love this piece of land and want to make contribution for my hometown. I have been working hard as a student and a part-time teacher. Sometimes friends ask me whether I'm a tireless person. Of course I am not. But I just like that sense of fulfillment and accomplishment. I enjoy the alternative roles: being an English teacher and a student at the same time. In my class, I encourage students to voice their opinions and to approach English study in their unique ways, because I believe study is a personalized process. Last week when I gave them the first class of this semester, I said,"everyone should become a critical thinker in my class, and I want to be a good teacher in its real sense". I'm not the traditional teacher. I try to reform the English teaching in my classes. Hope I can do something to change the present situation of English teaching.
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摘录:去做一些对你很来说重要的事情。养一只猫或狗,多宠爱他们一些。经常性的做些善事,匿不匿名都可以。让你的周围充满可人的香味:茉莉花,薰衣草,檀香木…用长远的眼光看待事情。去轻轻松松的散步,舒展自身,去博物馆。
Relax.Don't take yourself too seriously. Happiness is largely a choice. Feel gratitude for all of the good in your life.
Smile.Once you have enough to pay for life's basics think to yourself: "I've won." Happiness is contagious: find someone who is happy and stand close to them.
Play.Create. Happiness is attainable. Slow down and enjoy the scenery. Be spontaneous. Happiness is perched on your windowsill, invite it in.
放松。把自己看得轻一点。快乐在很大程度上,是一种选择。为你生命中所拥有的美好,心怀感激吧。
微笑。一旦你能满足自己的基本生活需求了,就在心里对自己说:"我赢了。"快乐是可以传染的:所以找些快乐的人,向他们靠拢。
玩。创造。幸福是可以通过努力获得的。放慢脚步,去欣赏沿途的风景,要发自内心的去做。快乐就栖息在你的窗槛上,把它请进来吧。成功不是快乐的必然;而快乐却是成功的关键。争取让在你身边的朋友都是些积极而又对生活持肯定态度的人。
Success is not the key to happiness;happiness is the key to success. Surround yourself with positive, life-affirming people.
Make others happy.Have big dreams. Enjoy the journey. Grab every single morsel of happiness which comes your way. Be on the look out for moments of pleasure and wonder.
Take care of your body.Be happy right here, right now, while working towards a better tomorrow. Forget about the Joneses. Forgive. Do for others. Become absorbed in activities that cause you to enter the "flow" state: that state where you forget yourself, lose track of time, and stop worrying. Develop the habit of positive self-talk. Plant a beautiful garden.
Get sunlight and fresh air.Engage your mind in a puzzle: jigsaw puzzles, sudokus, or crossword puzzles. Listen to music. Make music. Quiet your mind chatter.
Meditate.Practice yoga, tai chi, or Qigong. Get a box of six Guatemalan worry dolls: before going to bed, tell one worry to each doll and put them under your pillow; while you sleep, the dolls will take your troubles away.
带给别人快乐。拥有远大的理想。享受你的旅途。抓住旅途中点滴的快乐,珍惜每个开心和奇迹的瞬间。
善待自己的身体。在为了美好明天努力的同时,也要开心---就在此时,此刻,此地。安心过自己的生活,不做无谓的攀比。学会原谅,帮助他人。积极投入得去参加活动,它们会让你进入一种"流动"的状态:在这种状态里,你会忘了自己,忘了时间,也停止焦虑。养成积极的自我暗示的习惯。融于自然,给自己修一个漂亮的花园,
享受阳光和新鲜的空气。玩游戏:拼图游戏,数独游戏或填字游戏。听听音乐,玩玩音乐,让你的思绪安静下来。
沉思。学学瑜伽,打打太极或者练练气功。在睡觉前准备一箱(6个)危地马拉忧心娃娃,告诉每个娃娃一个忧伤,然后把它们放在枕头下面,枕着它们入睡。这样,在你睡着的时候,它们就会将你的烦恼带走。
Make smart money choices.View difficulties as challenges to be overcome. Remember that it's not a good story if there aren't any dragons.
Get involved in a cause that's important to you.Have a cat or a dog; pet them often. Perform random acts of kindness, anonymous or not.Surround yourself with pleasant smells: jasmine, lavender, sandalwood . . . Put things in perspective. Go for a brisk walk. Stretch. Go to a museum.
Find a hobby you love.Engage in pleasurable activities.
Spend discretionary income on experiences, such as dining out and travel, instead of purchasing goods.
Count your blessings. Resolve to have a bad memory: release the past. Be yourself, however strange and weird that may be. Ask yourself: what can I do to become happier? Read a good book.
正确的对待金钱。把困难当成将要征服的挑战。要知道,好事多磨。
去做一些对你很来说重要的事情。养一只猫或狗,多宠爱他们一些。经常性的做些善事,匿不匿名都可以。让你的周围充满可人的香味:茉莉花,薰衣草,檀香木…用长远的眼光看待事情。去轻轻松松的散步,舒展自身,去博物馆。
找一个自己喜欢的爱好。 参加一些娱乐性的活动。
把闲钱花在体验上,比如说去外面吃吃饭,旅旅游,而不是去购物。
常想想你的幸福。做一个"健忘"的人:释怀过去。不管别人觉得你有多怪多离奇,都要坚持自己的本色。问问自己:我要做些什么,才能让自己更快乐?读一本好书。
Climb on a tire swing.Be part of something bigger than yourself. Embrace change. Simplify. Think big in the long run, but think small in the short run. Remember the following line from the film "American Beauty": ". . . it's hard to stay mad when there's so much beauty in the world."
Get rid of things that make you unhappy.Make happiness a priority in your life. Do something hedonistic: think afternoon at a spa or going out dancing.
Be curious.Engage in novel activities. Take on new skills. Learn new things. Think back to when you've been happiest: what were you doing? Create satisfying, meaningful connections with other people. Practice deep breathing. Savor small authentic moments that bring you contentment. Happiness is a state of mind. Have a small pleasure to look forward to every day: coffee out on the patio, going through a favorite magazine, visiting a beloved friend, baking cookies . . .
融入快乐,摆脱疲惫:.参与一些超越自己的事项。接受改变。尽量简单。目光要长远,但是也要有近期目标。记住《美国丽人》中的一句话:当世上有这么多美好事物的时候,想要保持疯狂也难。解决掉那些让你不快的事情,让快乐成为你生命中的头等大事。做一些享受的事情:想想下午去洗个温泉浴,或者去外面跳一支舞。
保持好奇心。参与新奇的事物:学习新技能,接触新鲜事物。当你觉得自己是最快乐,最幸福的时候,回顾一下过去:在什么情况下,你觉得最快乐,最开心?与别人创建一种双赢的,有意义的联系。练习深呼吸。尽情享受那些给你带来满足感的真实时刻。快乐是精神上的一种境界。每天都期待一点小幸福,去院子里喝喝咖啡,看看自己喜欢的杂志,拜访一下志同道合的好友,享受一下喜欢的曲奇饼干……在每天的平凡中寻找不平凡。
Search for the sacred in the ordinary.Do a cartwheel when nobody's looking. Take George Eliot's declaration to heart: "It is never too late to be what you might have been."
Laugh often.Ask for what you want. Hang a hammock; lie in it. Find work you love.Let go of fear.
Have courage.One of the greatest gifts you can give to your loved ones is to let them see you living a happy life. When you're happy you give others permission to be happy as well.
Love.Entertain hope. Cope with difficult situations with ingenuity. Spend time contemplating nature. Accept that sometimes you'll be sad, that's just part of life. Make happiness the ultimate goal in your life. Fake it until you make it: act happy.
Create a serene environment.Resolve to be a little bit happier today than you were yesterday. Tilt your head back and let out a raucous peal of laughter . . .
趁没人注意的时候来个侧身翻。牢记乔治艾略特的宣言:"去成为你本应该成为的人,任何时候都不算晚。"
笑口常开。想要什么,勇敢地说。 挂上一个吊床,在里面躺一会儿。找一份你喜欢的工作,释放恐惧。
鼓起勇气。在你能给的所有礼物中,对你所爱的人来说,最大的礼物就是让他们看到,你过着幸福的生活。如果你快乐,那就意味着你给了人家一个快乐的理由:他,也一样能快乐。
爱。拥抱希望。用智慧来解决难题。花些时间来观察自然。接受那些偶尔的不快,那些只是生活的一部分。让快乐成为你生命的终极目标。在你得到快乐之前,即使不快乐,也要假装快乐。
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摘录:我是否徘徊过去?回顾过去,沉迷于我们遗憾或者错过的事情是非常诱人和几乎令人不由自主的。学会放手,只专注于当前发生的事和你今日将要面临的选择吧。
我的核心价值观是什么?作为一个人,对你来说什么是重要的?家庭、健康、信仰、工作还是其他?确保在你的生活中,你追寻了自己最在乎的东西。
1. Am I taking care of myself? Sometimes we get so wrapped up in taking care of others that we forget to take care of ourselves. It can be so easy to leave ourselves behind.
1. 我照顾好自己了吗?有时候,我们太过于关心他人从而忘记了去照顾自己。这很容易就把自己遗忘。
2. Do I have too much clutter? Drowning ourselves in too many material possessions can ultimately lead to stress. Get clear on what you absolutely need and what you can get rid of.
2. 我的杂物是不是太多了?拥有太多的物品最终会给你带来压力。分清楚你肯定需要和你可以丢弃的物品。
3. Do I take time out of my day purely for myself? We all need a little “me time.” Set aside some time every day to just relax and do something that you enjoy, whether that is reading, meditating, watching TV, cooking, spending quality time with your loved ones, etc.
3. 我是否有从一天当中能抽出时间来给自己?我们都需要一点“自我时间”。每天留出一些时间放松一下,做你喜欢做的事情——阅读、冥想、看电视、烹饪、跟你爱的人共享黄金时光等等。
4. Am I eating healthy? The types of foods we eat can greatly affect how we feel both physically and emotionally. Eating too much junk food can lead to crankiness and a relatively low energy level, whereas eating healthy foods can lead to better moods and a more positive energy level.
4. 我的饮食健康吗?我们所吃的食物种类很大程度上会影响我们在身体和情绪上的感觉。食用过多垃圾食品会导致偏执,使人精力降低。反之,饮食健康则会使人有更好的情绪和更高涨的劲头。
5. What are my core values? What is important to you as an individual? Is it family, health, spirituality, work, etc.? Make sure that you are living in alignment with what matters most to you.
5. 我的核心价值观是什么?作为一个人,对你来说什么是重要的?家庭、健康、信仰、工作还是其他?确保在你的生活中,你追寻了自己最在乎的东西。
6. Am I maintaining healthy relationships? Is there a relationship in your life that needs a little extra care and attention? Do you need to right a wrong with someone? Try to stay aware of how you’re treating the people in your life.
6. 我是否在维持健康的人际关系?在你的生活中,是否有一段关系需要你额外的关注?你是否需要给某人平反?在如何对待他人这个问题上,努力保持清醒的头脑。
7. Am I working too hard? Taking time to re-charge and spend time on activities that make you happy is so important. Honor your desire to pull back from work or school pressure when needed and give yourself time to breathe, even if it’s only for a few minutes at a time.
7. 我是否工作太辛苦了?花时间重新调整一下,花时间做令你愉快的事情是非常重要的。必要时释放你的欲望,从工作或学习压力中解脱出来,给自己时间去自由呼吸,即便一次只有几分的时间。
8. Am I playing too hard? A lack of motivation to accomplish certain things can throw you off balance or make you feel stressed out and pressured later on. Taking breaks is very necessary, but if you take so many breaks that your productivity level drops, or you get into the habit of procrastinating too much, it might be time to balance out your schedule so that you will get a generous amount of things done and still have time for breaks and leisure.
8. 我是否玩儿得太high了?缺乏实现某些事情的动机会让你失去平衡或者稍后会让你感到筋疲力尽,很有压力。休息一下是非常有必要的,但是如果你休息得过了头从而使生产力降低,或者你养成了太过拖拉的习惯,那么或许就需要时间来平衡你的时间安排,以便你可以完成大量的事情而仍有时间休息娱乐。
9. Am I spending too much? Overspending can lead to stress, clutter, and financial complications. It can also turn into a nasty habit over time. Saving money is an excellent practice and you will more than likely be glad you did in case of an emergency.
9. 我花钱太多了吗?过度消费会导致压力、混乱以及财政并发症。这也可能会随着时间的流逝变为一种危险的习惯。储蓄是一个非常棒的办法,万一遇到紧急情况,你极有可能为你之前的储蓄而感到欣慰。
10. Am I worrying about the future? Worrying about something that hasn’t even happened yet causes stress and anxiety. Focus on the moment in front of you and realize that it is all that exists.
10. 我是否在担忧未来?担忧某些并未发生的事情会导致压力和焦虑。专注于当下,了解到这就是目前所存在的一切。
11. Am I dwelling on the past? It is very tempting and almost involuntary to look back on the past and obsess over something we regret or something we miss. Learn to let go and only focus on what’s happening right now, and on the choices you will make today.
11. 我是否徘徊过去?回顾过去,沉迷于我们遗憾或者错过的事情是非常诱人和几乎令人不由自主的。学会放手,只专注于当前发生的事和你今日将要面临的选择吧。
12. Is there something I am clinging to? We don’t always realize when we’re clinging to something harmful when it feels safe and familiar, whether it is an unfulfilling job, an unhealthy relationship, or a stagnant way of life. Recognize if you are clinging to something that isn’t serving you and work on taking small steps towards change and release.
12. 是否有什么事情我一直放不下?我们不会总是能意识到我们在何时抓住有害但感觉安全熟悉的事情不放手,不论是一份不称心的工作,还是一段不健康的关系或者一种停滞不前的生活方式。看看你是否执着于对你没用的事情,想出小措施来改变和解脱吧。
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摘录:他反对在管理者中始终很流行的观点,即时间可以被切分成等值的部分也是正确的。现代大脑工作的秘诀是要求快慢结合。脑力工作者犹豫的时间很久但是犹豫过后会突然闪现一个深刻见解或者爆发创造力。取消所有的截止日期会使你一直犹豫不决。老是想着截止日期你脑子里想的事情就只剩下快餐和需要剪的脚趾甲了。
In praise of procrastination
赞美“拖延”
THERE is nothing like a deadline to focus the mind. This columnist finds that, whenever his editor starts yapping, his mind focuses on the following subjects.
(1) His toenails. Surely they need to be cut?
(2) Walter Russell Mead. What is the bearded sage saying about East Timor in his blog?
(3) His dogs. They seem desperate for a walk.
(4) His inbox. It would be rude not to reply to that graduate student from the University of Tomsk.
没有什么像截止日期一样能够让人“精神集中”。本专栏作者发现,每当他的编辑开始大喊大叫时,他脑子里想的就集中在以下几件事上:
(1)他的脚趾甲。它们确实该剪了吗?
(2)沃尔特.米德。这个大胡子的智者在博客中发表了关于东帝汶的什么看法?
(3)他的狗。它们似乎迫切地想要出去遛遛。
(4)他的收件箱。不回复托木斯克大学毕业生发来的邮件是不礼貌的行为。
Life is getting trickier for timewasters. Businesses that depend on just-in-time delivery cannot tolerate lateness. Stockmarkets trade millions of shares every minute. Twenty-four-hour news channels bombard us with information. Blogs and tweets provide a blizzard of instant comment. The situation is so dire that a quarter of Americans eat fast food every day.
对那些浪费时间的人来说,生活正变得更加棘手。依赖准时交货的企业不能容忍货物迟交。每分钟有数百万的股份在股票市场进行交易。24小时新闻频道用信息“炮轰”着我们。博客和推特提供大量的即时评论。形势如此严峻,以至于四分之一的美国人每天都吃快餐。
Employers are getting better at squeezing out time-wasting. ODesk, an American firm that links employers with freelances over the internet, boasts that its software gives buyers an “unprecedented ability” to monitor the people they hire. Last year the Tokyo Stock Exchange shortened its lunch break from a leisurely 90 minutes to a miserable 60. High-tech companies such as Google and Hewlett-Packard used to pride themselves on giving their employees time to pursue their own projects. Now they are either cutting back on “tinkering time” or policing it more carefully. And employees are policing themselves: digital tools such as RescueTime allow you to ration your access to the internet or to incoming e-mail.
在杜绝浪费时间上,雇主们正变得更加精明。美国ODesk公司通过网络建立起雇主和自由职业者之间的联系。令该公司引以为豪的是,它的软件给了买主们一种“前所未有的能力”,这些买主可以通过该软件监视他们雇佣的人。去年,东京股票交易所缩短了午间休市时间,从宽裕的90分钟缩短至只有区区60分钟。谷歌、惠普等高科技公司过去以给员工们时间追求他们自己的项目而感到自豪,现在它们不是缩短了“鼓捣时间”,就是更为仔细地控制这一时间。而且员工们也在自我控制:诸如RescueTime(一款时间管理软件)的各种数字工具能够让你对上网和查收邮件设定时间限制。
Compensation is becoming more short-term. The proportion of Americans who are paid by the hour has been rising since the 1970s. Today 59% of Americans (including professionals such as lawyers) are paid by the hour.
报酬也正变得更为短期。自20世纪70年代起,按小时付报酬的美国人的比例一直在增加。今天,59%的美国人(包括像律师这样的专业人士)都是按小时付工资。
But is it wise to be so obsessed with speed? High-speed trading can lead to market meltdowns, as almost happened on May 6th 2010, unless automatic breaks are installed. And is taking one’s time so bad? Regulators are always warning people not to buy things in the heat of the moment. Procrastinators have a built-in cooling-off period. Businesses are forever saying that they need more creativity. Dithering can help. Ernest Hemingway told a fan who asked him how to write a novel that the first thing to do was to clean the fridge. Steven Johnson, a writer on innovation, argues that some of the best new products are “slow hunches”. Nestlé’s idea of selling coffee in small pods went nowhere for three decades; now it is worth billions.
但是如此“痴迷”于速度是明智的吗?高速交易能导致市场崩溃,2010年5月6号发生的事几乎就是这样,除非安装自动停板系统。而且“慢慢来”不好吗?监管者总是警告人们不要冲动购物。拖延者会在心里给自己设定一段冷静期。企业们永远在说它们需要更多的创造力。犹豫可以帮助它们产生创造力。欧内斯特?海明威的一位粉丝曾经问他如何写一部小说,海明威告诉他第一件要做的事是清理冰箱。谈论创新思维的作者史蒂芬?杰克逊认为一些最好的新作品都是“渐进式灵感”的产物。雀巢公司将咖啡装在胶囊里出售的想法曾经30年没有出路,现在它却价值数十亿。
These thoughts have been inspired by two (slowly savoured) works of management theory: an obscure article in the Academy of Management Journal by Brian Gunia of Johns Hopkins University; and a popular new book, “Wait: The Art and Science of Delay”, by Frank Partnoy of San Diego University. Mr Gunia and his three co-authors demonstrated, in a series of experiments, that slowing down makes us more ethical. When confronted with a clear choice between right and wrong, people are five times more likely to do the right thing if they have time to think about it than if they are forced to make a snap decision. Organisations with a “fast pulse” (such as banks) are more likely to suffer from ethical problems than those that move more slowly. (The current LIBOR scandal engulfing Barclays in Britain supports this idea.) The authors suggest that companies should make greater use of “cooling-off periods” or introduce several levels of approval for important decisions.
这些想法受启发于两大(需要慢慢品味的)管理理论作品:其一是刊登在《管理科学学报》上的一篇深奥的文章,作者是约翰霍普金斯大学的Brian Gunia,其二是一本广受欢迎的新书《等待:拖延的艺术与科学》,作者是圣迭戈大学的弗兰克?帕特诺伊。Gunia和他的三位合著者以一系列的实验论证:放慢速度可以使我们的行为更加合乎道德。当人们面对在对与错之间做出清晰的选择时,如果他们有时间思考,选择做正确的事情的可能性要比他们被迫迅速做出决定大五倍。那些“脉搏跳得很快”的机构(如银行)比那些慢得多的机构遭遇道德问题困扰的可能性更大(眼下英国巴克莱银行卷入LIBOR丑闻一事就支持了这样的观点)。两位作者建议公司们应该更多地利用“冷静期”或者引入多个层级批准重要的决定。
Mr Partnoy argues that too many people fail to recognise what good public speakers and comedians all understand: that success depends on knowing when to delay, and for how long. The important thing is not to do things first but to do them right. And doing them right often involves taking a bit more time.
弗兰克?帕特诺伊认为太多人没有认识到好的公众演讲者和喜剧演员都明白的一点:成功靠的是知道什么时候拖延,以及拖延多长时间。重要的不是把事情做快,而是把事情做对。而且把事情做对通常花的时间要更多一点。
It’s Just Lunch, a dating agency for professionals, prevents customers from judging each other on first impressions by not allowing them to post their photos on its website. Warren Buffett, the world’s most successful investor, holds stocks for the long term rather than churning them. He writes that: “lethargy bordering on sloth remains the cornerstone of our investment style.” Fabius Maximus, a Roman general nicknamed “The Delayer”, wore Hannibal’s invading army down by avoiding pitched battles.
一家为专业人士提供约会服务的机构It's Just Lunch不允许客户在网上上传自己的照片,以防止他们通过第一印象评判彼此。世界上最成功的投资者沃伦?巴菲特是长期持有股票,而不是经常倒换股票。他写道:“近乎于懒惰的怠倦一直是我们投资风格的基石。”绰号“拖延者”的古罗马将军Fabius Maximus就是通过避免大规模作战而将汉尼拔?巴卡的入侵部队拖垮的。
Make haste slowly
放慢你匆忙的脚步
Delay even works in fields where time might seem to be of the essence. Doctors and pilots can profit from following a checklist, even when doing things they have done many times before. A list slows them down and makes them more methodical, as Atul Gawande describes in “The Checklist Manifesto”. The best sportsmen wait until the last split second before hitting the ball.
甚至在时间可能看上去及其重要的领域,拖延也是发挥作用的。即使是在做之前做过很多次的事情,医生和飞行员按照清单做事也是有好处的。正如阿图·葛文德在他的“清单宣言”中描述的那样,一份清单能够使他们放慢速度,让他们更加有条不紊。最好的运动员都是在最后一刹那才击球。
Mr Partnoy argues that people need to learn how to manage delay just as they learn how to manage everything else. Sometimes putting things off makes sense: the silliest impositions on our time occasionally have the decency to self-combust. Still, the rules of sensible time-management apply to procrastinators as much as everyone else. Don’t delay tackling problems that will grow worse if ignored, such as your credit-card bill. And create a to-do list to fool yourself into doing your second-most-important job while procrastinating over the most important one.
弗兰克?帕特诺伊认为人们需要学习如何管理拖延,就像他们学习管理其它事情一样。有时拖延事情是有道理的:the silliest impositions on our time occasionally have the decency to self-combust(这句实在无能为力了)。然而,合理的的时间管理的规则和其他任何人一样也适用于拖延者。有些问题如果忽视就会变得更为严重,处理这样的问题时就不应该拖延,比如你的信用卡账单。而且列一个要做什么事情的清单,在你拖延最重要的工作时,“哄骗”自己去做重要度排在第二位的工作。
This sounds too clever by half. But Mr Partnoy is right to warn against business’s growing obsession with speed for its own sake. And he is right to skewer the notion, always popular among managers, that time can be sliced up into segments of equal worth. The secret of modern brain work is that it requires a combination of fast and slow. Brain workers dither for ages but then are struck by a flash of insight or a burst of creativity. Remove all deadlines and you are left with dithering. Become too obsessed with deadlines and you are left with the intellectual equivalent of fast food—and toenails that need cutting.
这听起来未免过于聪明了。但是弗兰克?帕特诺伊对企业为了自己的发展越来越“痴迷”于速度提出警告是正确的。而且他反对在管理者中始终很流行的观点,即时间可以被切分成等值的部分也是正确的。现代大脑工作的秘诀是要求快慢结合。脑力工作者犹豫的时间很久但是犹豫过后会突然闪现一个深刻见解或者爆发创造力。取消所有的截止日期会使你一直犹豫不决。老是想着截止日期你脑子里想的事情就只剩下快餐和需要剪的脚趾甲了。
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弗朗西斯·培根是英国文艺复兴时期最重要的散文家、哲学家。他不但在文学、哲学上多有建树,在自然科学领域里,也取得了重大成就。他的第一部重要著作《随笔》最初发表于1597年,以后又逐年增补。该书文笔言简意赅、智睿夺目,它包含许多洞察秋毫的经验之谈,其中不仅论及政治而且还探讨许多人生哲理。下面读文网小编为大家带来培根经典散文随笔,希望大家喜欢!
宗教是人类社会发展到一定历史阶段出现的一种文化现象,属于社会特殊意识形态。旧时由于人对自然的未知探索,以及表达人渴望不灭解脱的追求,进而相信现实世界之外存在着超自然的神秘力量或实体,使人对该一神秘产生敬畏及崇拜,从而引申出信仰认知及仪式活动体系,与民间神话一样,其也有自己的神话传说,彼此相互串联,其是一种心灵寄托。
宗教之成立,其种类甚多,型态亦有种种不同,有现存者,亦有已衰微乃至不存者。其型态可大别为个人心理之宗教,与集团社会之宗教。个人心理之宗教,指个人独自之宗教信念与体验,而不论其是否参与特定之宗教组织,或具有何种特定之信仰型态。若经由个人之虔诚信仰、深切体验,而积极向他人弘传,集合具有相同信仰之人群,即成为宗教团体,产生新兴宗教,主倡者称为此宗之开祖。若致力于对固有宗教之改革运动,则 称改革者。
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摘录:我很高兴告诉你那句乏味的“时间治愈一切”是对的,现在我一切恢复如初了,独自一人时要比曾经和别人在一起时更快乐,知道了我想要什么不想要什么,现在我面对过去时能微微一笑,欣然面对未来。现在轮到你了,我懂你——你能做到。
I know you -- the heartbroken. I've been there recently, and plenty before. I know you better than you think I do. I know heartbreak as well as I know the taste of the ocean in my tears and the way my breath gets stuck in my heart instead of my throat. I know you'd assume I would say that I wish I didn't.
I know what it's like to cry when you wake up and realize yesterday wasn't just a dream. I know what it's like to walk with two feet that don't feel like your own. I know what it's like -- to feel alone.
我懂你——伤心的人。我最近刚伤心过,曾经伤心过很多次,我比你想象的更懂你。我懂得伤心的感觉就像我懂得眼泪中咸咸的苦涩味道,是心无法呼吸,而不是喉咙无法呼吸。我知道你以为我会说:“我真希望没伤心过。”
我知道醒来时知道昨天并不是一场梦后痛哭是什么感觉,我知道走路时觉得两只脚都不是自己的又是什么样子,我知道孤单是什么样子。
I know what it's like to be lost but only because you're so terrified to open your eyes and find yourself forlorn. I know what it's like to be drunk from your tears and sober from the pain.
I know what it's like; trust me. I know what it's like to be a mess, to be heartbreak's biggest success. I know what it's like to be a fool, to be naïve. I know what it's like to lose my dignity and misplace my faith. I know what it's like to miss my laugh and forget my smile.
我知道那种只是因为害怕睁开眼睛看到自己孤苦伶仃而迷失自己是什么样子,我知道被泪水灌醉又从痛苦中醒来是什么样子。
我知道这些都是什么感觉;相信我。我知道生活一团糟,伤心到了极致是什么样。我知道愚蠢、幼稚是什么样。我知道失去自尊、丧失信任是什么样。我知道不再大笑、忘记笑容是什么样。
I know what it's like to carry regret with you on a chain around your neck. I know what it's like... knowing that the whole world sees you falling and no one is following you down. I know what it's like being down there and seeing the world go on without you.
我知道悔恨像链子一样缠绕脖子是什么样,我知道…知道整个世界看见你倒下却没人跟随是什么样,我知道摔倒在地却看着地球没你照样转是什么样。
What else do I know?
我还知道什么?
I know that the darkness fades, and that your smile has the power to light up the sky like the country's brightest Fourth of July. I know that the sun always eventually shines through the clouds, and when it doesn't you learn to dance in its shadows and in the rain like glitter is falling from the sky.
我知道黑暗退去,你的微笑能把天空点亮,就像这个国家最明亮的7月4日(美国独立日)这一天。我知道太阳最终总能穿透乌云,没阳光时你要学会在阴影下在雨中舞蹈,就像星星坠落天空。
I know that the pain will always be a memory, but I know that memories won't always be painful. I know that you don't just learn to walk again, but you learn to run to new dreams, to old dreams, and to all things.
我知道痛苦总会成为记忆,但我知道记忆不总是痛苦的。我知道你不仅要再次学会走路,你要学会的是朝着新的梦想、旧的梦想和一切奔跑。
I know that you could carry regret with you to your grave, but if you let go of it - if you let go - you can fly right out of heartbreak. I know that the taste of your laughter will taste better than your tears. I made it, and so can you.
我知道你可以把遗憾带进坟墓,但如果你放手——如果你放下——你就可以从伤心往事中摆脱。我知道大笑的味道要比眼泪好。我做到了,你也可以。
I made it long ago but now it's okay to go back to help you because it doesn't hurt to remember anymore. Know that it really doesn't hurt forever. You fall for strangers in coffees shops. You sing along to songs you used to hate.
我很久之前就成功了,但现在也能回去帮你了,因为回忆不会再使我心痛。我知道痛不是永恒的,你会在咖啡店迷上陌生人,会哼唱起曾经讨厌的歌。
I'm happy to report that that stupid line "time heals all" is true. Now I am resilient. Now I am happier alone than I ever was together. Now I know what I want and what I don't. Now I can smile at the past and flirt with the future. Now it's your turn. I know you - you can do this.
我很高兴告诉你那句乏味的“时间治愈一切”是对的,现在我一切恢复如初了,独自一人时要比曾经和别人在一起时更快乐,知道了我想要什么不想要什么,现在我面对过去时能微微一笑,欣然面对未来。现在轮到你了,我懂你——你能做到。
Come with me -- come see the beauty at heartbreak's wake. Your life is waiting for you there.
跟我来吧——来看看伤心过后的美,你的生活还在等着你。
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摘录:一些小孩在去练体操,组乐队,看戏剧……时他们会显得特别活跃。其实,这些活动都是小孩们真正享受的。妙就妙在这里,一群小孩因为他们共同的爱好而聚在一起。这个共同点将他们连在一起。若在酒吧就不会有这样的共同兴趣活动了。硬要说有的话,那就是人们都是到这里来社交的。所以,肯定是“交际家”取胜。为什么不到一个有共同兴趣的地方去呢?如果你喜欢写作,加入作家协会将是个不错的选择。这样你就可以与他们保持联系,然后制造一个话题开始讨论。
Can you really make new friends as an adult? I mean, there's plenty advice out there on how to help kids make friends. But if you don't have friends by the time you're an adult, it seems the world hands you a dunce cap and shows you to the corner.
作为一个成年人,你真的能够结交新朋友吗?我是说,小孩可以获得各种交友建议。但是如果成年了的你还没有任何朋友,似乎是这世界给了你一顶傻瓜帽,然后你戴着它站在墙角。
After all, many adults have all the friends they need or want, right? People get married, have kids and have little time for others outside their family. Doesn't that make it harder to meet new people after a certain age?
毕竟,大多的成年人都会有他们需要或者想要的朋友,对吧?人们结婚,生子,没有时间出去交际应酬。如此一来在到了某个年龄段交友是不是变得越来越难?
Well, yes and no. Depending on your geographic location, yes, many people “settle down” after a certain age. But not everyone. And while it may take a little more time to “warm up” a new friend as an adult, it can certainly be done.
当然,是与否。取决于你的地理位置,若是,因为大多数人到了某个年纪都会安定下来。但并非每个人都会那样。也许成年人需要多花点时间去熟络新朋友,最后肯定会成功。
In fact, many of the techniques kids instinctively use to make friends on the playground work for ages 4 thru 104. So here are 5 habits of highly social children that can help you make friends even if you're way past your school days.
事实上,小孩在运动场上惯用的交友技巧普遍适用于4岁-104岁的人。所以,下面善于交际的小孩的5个习惯能够帮助你去结识朋友,即使你已经告别学生时代。
1.LEVERAGE CURRENT SOCIAL ASSETS
1.充分利用现有的社会资源
I remember back in Kindergarten (before I got awkward), I would make friends through other friends. One buddy might have a birthday party where I'd meet other kids. Some would become new friends. It's not quite as easy as an adult, but the same principle applies. First ask yourself, who are you already around on a normal basis? This might include:
我还记得在幼稚园的时候(在交友技巧变拙劣前),我能够通过别人认识新朋友。某个伙伴开派对,我们就可以在派对上结交其他的小孩。其中一些就会成为朋友。这对成年人来说不怎么容易,但道理都一样。首先,问问你自己平常都跟谁在一块?可能包括:
Current friends 现在的朋友
Coworkers 同事
Family members 家庭成员
Then, be aware of invites from these “social assets” and say yes to birthday parties, reunions, holiday events, after work drinks, company picnics, etc. At these events, you'll likely meet new people who are friends of friends or family.
然后,要对这些社会资源有所意识,积极对他们的邀请做出回应,像生日派对,聚餐活动,假日活动,下班小酌,公司野餐等等。出席了这些活动,你就可能遇见来自朋友或家人的朋友。
2.GO TO INTEREST GROUPS, NOT BARS
2.加入兴趣组织,而非酒吧
Some kids are really active going to gymnastics, band, theater and more. Ideally, these are activities the kids enjoy. And there lies the magic. You have a group of kids, all doing something they love, together. That's where the bonding comes. There's seldom any shared activity or interest in a bar. The common thread in bars, if there is any, is people go there to socialize. So, the greatest “socializers” win. If you aren't that comfortable socializing, you strike out. Instead, why not go somewhere you know the people will share your interests? For example, if you're interested in writing, it's a good bet members in a writer's group will be too. So you have an instant connection with them and a built in topic to start conversations.
一些小孩在去练体操,组乐队,看戏剧……时他们会显得特别活跃。其实,这些活动都是小孩们真正享受的。妙就妙在这里,一群小孩因为他们共同的爱好而聚在一起。这个共同点将他们连在一起。若在酒吧就不会有这样的共同兴趣活动了。硬要说有的话,那就是人们都是到这里来社交的。所以,肯定是“交际家”取胜。为什么不到一个有共同兴趣的地方去呢?如果你喜欢写作,加入作家协会将是个不错的选择。这样你就可以与他们保持联系,然后制造一个话题开始讨论。
3.FIGURE OUT YOUR MOST IMPORTANT VALUES
3.认识你最闪光的价值
Another reason kids make friends easily is they have a lot in common. Kids believe:
小孩交友容易的另一个原因就是他们有太多共通点。他们相信:
Playing is important
玩耍很重要
Slides are cool
滑滑板很酷
Candy is good
吃糖是好事
It's not so clear cut with adults is it? We've developed our likes and dislikes over time. But the playground rules still apply: You connect deeply with others by having similar values to them. Now, of course you shouldn't go adopting values and beliefs just to fit in. No, you figure out the things most important to you then express them in your words and actions. Yes, this means you might turn off some people who don't share your values. But you're more likely to connect with those who do.
成年人的喜好就迥然不同了对吧?经过岁月的洗礼我们都会养成喜欢这个或讨厌那个的习惯。但操场规则依然生效:通过相同的价值观,你能跟别人从内心深处去交往。现在,你当然没必要刻意去迎逢别人的价值观和信仰。但是,你要认识出对你来说最重要的东西,然后用你的语言和行为表达出来。的确,这样会将不同价值观的人拒之门外。但你也更有可能结交志同道合之人。
4.GO TO THE SAME PLACE AT THE SAME TIME
4.固定时间去同一地点
Kids in school see each other every day in the classroom, on the playground, on the bus… It becomes easier to notice, get to know, and eventually like Mary or Jake when you see them so often. For adults, repeat exposure and time spent together still work wonders. Try going to the following on the same days of the week at the same time of day:
学校里的孩子每天都能够在教室、操场、巴士上碰面。久而久之这样就更容易注意对方,了解对方,甚至是喜欢上对方。对于成年人来说,提高见面的频率和时间,同样能够产生如此奇迹。试着在一周的某天或某天的同一时间去固定的地方:
A local coffee shop
当地咖啡店
The gym
体育场
A low-key local pub (not a club or “hoppin” bar)
低调的当地酒吧(不是俱乐部或很“嗨”的酒吧)
There may be others who visit at those same times also. Plus, the staff will start to recognize you. Over time, you can get to know them and they'll become comfortable with you from the mere-exposure effect.
那里可能也会有其他人在这个时间出现。另外,工作人员也会开始注意你。时间久了,你就会了解他们,他们也会因单纯曝光效果而跟你熟络起来。
5.SHARE MORE ABOUT YOURSELF
5.更多地展现自己
Kids, at least the very social ones, will often say, “hey look what I can do.” Even if all they're doing is sticking out their tongue. And hey, people look. The point is, these kids get noticed. They don't fade into the background. This can be a problem for adults, especially us introverts. We enjoy our privacy more than most. The thing is, just like those outgoing kids, you'll get noticed and often liked more when you speak up and let others get to know you. The good news is, you don't have to have verbal diarrhea to do this. Just reveal little tidbits about yourself throughout a conversation.
小孩,算得上是很有交际能力的,他们会经常说:“嘿看看我能做什么。”即使他们所做的只是吐吐舌头。但注意,人们就是会看他们。其关键在于,这些小孩得到了注意。而非成为背景。这却是我们成年人,尤其是内向的成年人的问题。我们现在比以往都要沉浸在自己的世界里。重要的是,学习一下那些外向的小孩吧,大声地说话让大家了解你,这样你就更能够得到别人的关注和喜爱。值得庆幸的是,你不必像别人大吐特吐你的内心世界,只要在交流中稍稍透露一点真实的你就行了。
When talking about your job, mention how your brother inspired your career moves.
当谈论到工作,你就一笔带过说你的兄弟是怎样鼓舞你创业的。
Ask what they like to do for fun, then reveal your favorite free-time activities.
问问他们喜欢找什么样的乐趣,然后再说出你空闲时最喜欢的活动。
Show vulnerability once you get to know each other, like how you try to eat better but keep hitting Dunkin' Donuts.
一旦了解了彼此,就透露一些缺点,比如你想吃得健康营养,却又不停地吃Dunkin‘甜甜圈。
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摘录:痛苦可能具有极大的杀伤力,但从各种过往关系中,我知道我们有一种坚不可摧的精神,它甚至能在我们遭受最痛苦的经历之后治愈我们的创伤。
1. The difference between happy people and unhappy people is their level of gratitude.
快乐的人与不快乐的人的不同,在于他们对生活抱有多少感激。
If you observe anyone who is miserable, you will notice they are never satisfied and constantly blaming their history, luck or other people for their struggles. If you observe happy people, they are full of gratitude.
在观察痛苦感伤的人时,你会发现他们总是不满足于现状并且不停地抱怨自己的过去、运气或别人的竞争。在观察快乐的人时,你会发现他们满怀感激。
Instead of focusing on what they don't have to achieve/attract love/move forward -- they choose to focus on solutions to create the life they want. Even when these people are triggered by a bad turn of events, after reacting with sadness/frustration/stress/anger -- they get back to their baseline of happiness in due time.
他们集中精力寻找创造他们想要的生活的途径,而不是为一些无关紧要的事情劳心伤神。甚至当受到负面冲击而爆发,在伤心/挫折/紧张/生气之后,他们会适时地回到幸福底线。
Studies show that you can actually rewire your brain for happiness by practicing gratitude on a daily basis. Gratitude is a choice. Happiness is an attitude. How you will live your days is a choice that is completely within your control.
研究显示,每天下意识地让自己感激,你就能调整你的大脑对幸福的感知。感激是一种选择,幸福是一种态度。如何度过每一天完全在于你自己。
2. You will have your heart broken, and you will survive.
你会心碎,但你会熬过去。
You'd think that one would get better at handling heartaches with age. But they don't get any easier or less painful, do they?
你会认为,随着年龄的增长人们会更得心应手地应对心痛。但是,并不是生活对他们来说更容易、更少心痛,不是吗?
While the intensity of hurt can be just as potent, if not more, with each relationship that comes and goes, I have learned that we have an unbreakable spirit that enables us to get back up even after the most crushing of heart experiences.
痛苦可能具有极大的杀伤力,但从各种过往关系中,我知道我们有一种坚不可摧的精神,它甚至能在我们遭受最痛苦的经历之后治愈我们的创伤。
When you're going through the pain of separation it can be difficult to imagine being happy again. But nobody can take away your baseline of joy and happiness.
当遭受离别之痛时,很难想象你会再度拥抱幸福。但是没有人能带走你的快乐与幸福底线。
Even if you are knocked off your feet for a period of time, you do eventually get back to your equilibrium. If you're going through that dark stage where you feel stuck in suffering, try and remember this: You will love again. You will be loved again.
即使你一度被击垮,但你最终会恢复平衡。如果你觉得正在遭受无法摆脱的痛苦,一定要记住:你会再次爱别人,你会再次赢得别人的爱。
3. You will lose your job, and eventually find a better fit.
你可能会失去工作,而结果你获得了一份更适合你的工作。
Endings are just new beginnings in disguise. You may be uncomfortable with the uncertainty, but some of the best things in life are born from those times of being open to new opportunities.
结束正是新起点的伪装。面对不确定性你或许不安,但是生命中一些极好的事情却诞生于拥抱新机遇的时刻。
4. People you love will hurt you and disappoint you. Try to look beyond their mistakes and understand their intentions.
你爱的人会伤害你并让你大失所望。努力发现他们错误之外的闪光点,理解他们的意图。
I used to be black and white with friendships. A friend was either a BFF or a mere acquaintance; there wasn't much gray area in between. And if a friend hurt me or didn't encompass the values I did, I'd cut that friendship off.
我曾非常极端地看待友情。要么一生的朋友要么点头之交,没有太多中间地带。如果一个朋友伤害了我或者不认可我的所作所为,那我们的友谊将就此了结。
But I've learned that we all can act a little selfish, forget to consider the people we love, or take others for granted. And that's okay. People go through phases, people make mistakes -- that shouldn't discount a history of times your friend was there for you.
但是,我认识到我们大家都有点自私,会忘记为我们所爱的人去考虑或认为别人为我们做事理所当然。其实没什么,人们会经历各种阶段,人们会犯错误——这些不应该抹杀他们曾给予你的支持。
Sometimes a friendship just needs time to breathe before it can flow again. And that's okay, too.
有时为摆脱僵局,给友情一个喘息的机会。这样也是可以的。
5. One's nature does not change.
本性难移
Our perspectives, our appearances, our disposition can constantly change. But our core nature generally does not. People learn survival mechanisms at a fairly young age -- and that way of being becomes reinforced and ingrained.
我们的观点、外貌和性情不断变化着,但通常情况下我们的核心本质却始终如一。人们幼年时学会生存机制,还有使其强化并根植于内心的方法。
When I asked a dear friend of mine why he chose to be in my life during my early twenties when I was so insecure and unstable, he responded, "I saw you for your essence. And that has always been a constant."
当问起一个密友为什么在我不谙世事的20多岁就选择我做朋友时,他回答:“我看到了你的本性,本性难移。”
If you want to truly see someone, look past their words, their charm and their charisma. Look past their disposition and even their mistakes. Look past the presentation and you'll find their essence. Because while everything superficial can change, one's nature does not.
如果你想真正了解一个人,那就要挖掘他们语言、容貌、魅力、性情和错误背后的东西。揭去面纱,才会发现本质。因为一切表面的东西可以改变,而一个人的本性却会一直保持下去。
6. Be selective of who you share your heart and body with.
选择能与之分享身心的朋友。
We harm our spirit when we go against the integrity of our own values. Know your boundaries and what you are willing and not willing to negotiate. And remember, just because something feels good in the present moment doesn't mean it's a healthy decision for your future.
当与自己价值观的完整性背道而驰时,我们将会伤到元气。了解你的底线和妥协基准。记住现在觉得不错的决定并非就意味利于未来发展。
Ask the right questions so you don't keep making the same mistakes. What sort of relationship do you want to attract in your life? Is the decision you are making bringing you closer to that or steering you off that path?
找准问题,这样才不会总在同一处跌倒。你想在生活中拥有什么样的关系?你要做的决定会带你走近理想还是偏离轨道?
7. Your body is not invincible.
你的身体不是铁打的。
Unfortunately many of us wait until there is a health scare, and then react to fix it, instead of being proactive to avoid it. Your immune system is critical to identifying and destroying foreign and potentially cancerous cells.
不幸地是,我们许多人等着健康受到威胁才会警醒,而不是去提早预防。你的免疫系统对识别和摧毁非正常和潜在癌细胞至关重要。
Stress, not eating, eating unhealthy food -- these can all be factors that contribute to weakening your immune system. And when it's weakened, those mutated cells are not recognized by your immune system.
压力、禁食、食用不健康食品都会削弱你的免疫系统。免疫系统功能一旦降低,就识别不出发生突变的细胞了。
The bad cells are then nourished just like healthy cells, causing the cells to duplicate and potentially become cancerous cells.
这些坏家伙如同健康细胞一样受到滋养并自我复制,有可能转变成癌细胞。
Take care of your body. Even if you think you're invincible, consider that it is the people who love you that will suffer if something were to happen to your health. If you won't do it for yourself, do it for the people who care about you.
关爱你的身体。即使你认为自己强壮无敌,但试想一下,如果你的健康出了问题,爱你的人们就会遭秧。即使不为自己,也为关心你的人去爱护自己的身体。
8. When it doesn't work out with someone in the present, it's because it's meant to work out with someone else in the future.
即使这一点目前帮不上你,那一定会在日后对其他人有所帮助。
It applies to relationships and opportunities as well. We can get so caught up expecting a particular outcome, only to get overwhelmed by disappointment when things don't pan out the way we planned.
这一点同样适用于关系和机遇。我们可能热切期待着一个特别的惊喜,但当事情没有按计划实现时,却得到被失望淹没的结果。
During the moment, it may feel that life is out of sorts, but have faith that there is a bigger, better plan for you, and each person that touches your life is just preparing you for the person you're meant to be with.
此时,你可能感觉生活不如意,但要坚信一个更大、更美好的计划在等你,界入你生活的每个人都在打造你,让你成为你想成为的那个人。
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弗朗西斯·培根是英国文艺复兴时期最重要的散文家、哲学家。他不但在文学、哲学上多有建树,在自然科学领域里,也取得了重大成就。他的第一部重要著作《随笔》最初发表于1597年,以后又逐年增补。该书文笔言简意赅、智睿夺目,它包含许多洞察秋毫的经验之谈,其中不仅论及政治而且还探讨许多人生哲理。下面读文网小编为大家带来培根哲理随笔双语阅读,希望大家喜欢!
Some in their discourse, desire rather commendation of wit, in being able to hold
all arguments, than of judgment, in discerning what is true: as if it were a praise,
to know what might be said, and not what should be thought Some have certain common places, and themes, wherein they are good, and want variety: which kind of poverty is for the most part tedious, and when it is once perceived ridiculous. 有些人在他们底谈论中喜欢以反复善辩见称为有才,却不甚注意以能辨真伪而见称为有识;好象知道应当说什么而不知道应当如何思想是一件可称赞的事情似的。有些人善于谈论某种平常习见的题目,可是缺乏变化;这种贫乏大半令人生厌,而一旦被人发见,则是可笑的。
The honourablest part of talk is to give the occasion; and again to moderate and pass to somewhat else; for then a man leads the dance. It is good in discourse and speech of conversation, to vary, and intermingle speech of the present occasion with arguments; tales with reasons; asking of questions, with telling of opinions; and jest with earnest: for it is a dull thing to tire, and, as we say now, to jade, anything too far.
辞令中最可贵者是引起他人底话头的话;以及能节制自己底言语并转移到别的题目上去的那种话;如果能这样,那末这说话的人就可算是舞蹈底领袖了。在言谈之中,最好是有所变化。在当前的所谈之中参以辩驳,在叙事中夹以议论,发问中杂以发抒己见,诙谐中和以庄语,因为一个人若是总在谈论一个题目,如今语所谓“鞭策过度”,则将使人厌倦也。
As for jest, there be certain things, which ought to be privileged from it; namely religion, matters of state, great persons, any man's present business of
importance, and any case mat deserveth pity. Yet there be some, that think their wits have been asleep, except they dart out somewhat that is piquant, and to the quick: that is a vein which would be bridled; parce,puer, stimulis, et fortius utere ions. 至于诙谐的话,则有几种题目,应当避免,不可涉及者,如宗教、国事、要人,任何人目前的要务,以及任何值得怜悯的事情皆是也。然而有些人却一定要锋锐辛辣,伤人之心,以为不如此则他们底机智是迟钝了;这是一种应当制止的脾气:童子,少使刺棒,多拉缰绳,即此之谓也。
And generally, men ought to find the difference, between saltness and bitterness.
Certainly, he that hath a satyrical vein, as he maketh others afraid of his wit, so
he had need be afraid of others' memory. He that questioned! much, shall learn much, and content much; but especially, if he apply his questions to the skill of the persons whom he asketh: for he shall give them occasion, to please themselves in speaking, and himself shall continually gather knowledge. But let his questions not be troublesome; for that is fit for a poser. And let him be sure, to leave other men
their turns to speak. Nay, if there be any, that would reign, and take up all the
time, let him find means to take them off, and to bring others on; as musicians use
to do, with those that dance too long galliards. If you dissemble sometimes your
knowledge, of that you are thought to know; you shall be thought another time, to
know that, you know not. Speech of a man's self ought to be seldom, and well chosen.
一般言之,人们应当辨别出来咸与苦之间的不同。那喜欢讽刺,使别人怕他底语锋的人,将不能不因此而怕那人底记忆,这是一定的。多问的人将多闻,而且多得人底欢心,尤其是如果他能使他底问题适合于被问者底长技的时候为然;因为这样他就可以使他们乐于说话,而他自己则可以继续地得到知识也。但是他底问题却不可烦琐惹厌;因为那就成了审问者的问题了。一个人还应当注意,务使他人有说话底机会。不但如此,如果有人要霸占一切说话底时间,就应当设法把这种人移开而使别的人开言,就好象乐师们看见有人跳“欢乐舞”跳得过久的时候的所为一样。假如别人认为你知道的事情而你假作不知的话,则以后你所真不知道的事情,人家也要以为你是知道的。关于自己的话应该少说,而且应当谨慎择言。
I knew one, was wont to say, in scorn; He must needs be a wise man, he speaks so much of himself: and there is but one case, wherein a man may commend himself, with good grace; and that is in commending virtue in another; especially, if it be such a virtue, whereunto himself pretendeth. Speech of touch towards others should be sparingly used: for discourse ought to be as a field, without coming home to any man. I knew two noblemen, of the west part of England; whereof
the one was given to scoff, but kept ever royal cheer in his house: the other would
ask of those, that had been at the other's table; Tell truly, was there never a flout
or dry blow given; to which the guest would answer.
我认得一个人,当他说及他所看不起的某人的时候,常说“他一定是个智者,因为他关于自己有那么多的话说”。一个人称扬自己而不显丑态的唯一的时候,就在他称扬别人底长处的时候,尤其是在所说的长处是与他自己可说是有的那种长处一类的时候。伤及他人的话应当少说,因为谈论应当象一片广田,人可以在里面东西行走;而不应当象一条大道,直达某家底门口也。我知道有两位贵族,都是英国西部的人;其中的一位喜欢菲薄他人,但是在家中宴客的时候却总是肴馔极丰的;另外的一位常常问那些曾经与宴的人,“老实告诉我,在他底席上没人受他底嘲弄或玩笑么”?对这个问题那作过客的人就答道:“有某事某事在席上发生了”。
Such and such a thing passed: the lord would say; I thought he would mar a good dinner. Discretion of speech is more than eloquence; and to speak agreeably to him, with whom we deal. is more than to speak in good words, or in good order. A good continued speech, without a good speech of interlocution, shows slowness: and a good reply, or second speech, without a good settled speech, showeth shallowness and weakness. As we see in beasts, that those that are weakest in the course, are yet nimblest in the turn: as it is betwixt the greyhound and the hare. To use too many circumstances, ere one come to the matter, is wearisome; to use none at all, is blunt
于是这位贵族就说:“我早就料到他一定会把一桌好筵席弄坏的”。慎言胜于雄辩,用适当的话向我们与之交涉的人谈话是比我们言辞优美,条理井然还要紧的。一个人若会说一篇滔滔不绝的言辞,而不善于问答,则显得他底说话迟滞;若善于应答而不能作持久而有始终的言辞,则显得其人底言语之浅薄无力。这就如我们在动物界所见的一样,最不善走者却最敏于转身,如猎犬与野兔间之分别是也。在说到正题以前叙述许许多多的枝节话是可厌的;若全然不顾枝节,则又太率直了。
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弗朗西斯·培根是英国文艺复兴时期最重要的散文家、哲学家。他不但在文学、哲学上多有建树,在自然科学领域里,也取得了重大成就。他的第一部重要著作《随笔》最初发表于1597年,以后又逐年增补。该书文笔言简意赅、智睿夺目,它包含许多洞察秋毫的经验之谈,其中不仅论及政治而且还探讨许多人生哲理。下面读文网小编为大家带来培根经典随笔双语阅读,希望大家喜欢!
The speech of Themistocles the Athenian, which was haughty and arrogant, in taking so much to himself, had been a grave and wise observation and censure, applied at large to others. Desired at a feast to touch a lute, he said; He could not fiddle, but yet he could make a small town, a great city. These words (holpen a little with a metaphor) may express two differing abilities, in those mat deal in business of estate. For if a true survey be taken, of counsellors and statesmen, there may be found (though rarely) those which can make a small state great and yet cannot fiddle: as on the other side, there will be found a great many, that can fiddle very cunningly, but yet are so far from being able to make a small state great as their gift lieth the other way; to bring a great and flourishing estate to ruin and decay. And certainly, those degenerate arts and shifts, whereby many counsellor and governors gain both favour with their masters, and estimation with the vulgar, deserve no better name then fiddling; being things rather pleasing for the time, and graceful to themselves only, than tending to the weal and advancement of the state which they serve.
雅典人塞密斯陶克立斯在某次宴会上有人想请他弹琵琶。他说他不会弄琴可是会把一个小城弄成一座大邦。这句话因为过于归功自己,所以是骄傲不逊;但是如果一般地用在别人身上,则可算是很庄肃贤明的评论。这句话(再用譬喻底说法引申一下)就可以把从事国政者之中两种不同的才能表现出来。因为,如果把议事和执政的各官真正地观察一下,其中也许可以发见(虽然这是很稀有的)几个能使小国变为大邦,而不能弄琴的人;同时,在另一方面,却可以发现许多巧于弄琴可是不但不能使小国变为大邦,而且是有相反的天才的人,他们是能把一个伟大而兴盛的国家带到衰败凋零的地步的。并且,那些堕落的技巧智能,许多公卿大夫借之以邀宠于主上钓名于流俗者,确是除了“弄琴”之名,不值得更好的名称的:因为这些技巧智能不过是一时欢乐之资,在会者本人虽可借以炫耀,而于他们所事的国家之幸福与进步,则无所裨益也。
There are also (no doubt) counsellor and governors, which may be held sufficient (negotus pares), able to manage affairs, and to keep them from precipices and manifest inconveniences; which nevertheless, are far from the ability to raise and amplify an estate, in power, means, and fortune. But be the workmen what they may be, let us speak of the work; that is, the true greatness of kingdoms and estates; and the means thereof. An argument, fit for great and mighty princes to have in their hand; to the end, that neither by over-measuring their forces, they lose themselves in vain enterprises; nor on the other side, by undervaluing them, they descend to fearful and pusillanimous counsels.
当然,也有些公卿大夫够得上一个“能”字的(即所谓“干才”)。他们能够调理国政,不使陷于危难和明显的困境,可是若要把国家在力量,财富,国运上都增强长大,则他们断断无此能力。现在我们不管做事的人怎么样,且一谈事务底本身;就是,国家底真正伟大之处以及达到这种情形的方法。这是一个值得雄王英主常常考虑的题目;为的是他们既可以不至于因为过于相信自己底力量而多事妄为,虚耗实力;又可以不至于因为过于卑视自己底力量而屈尊以从怯懦畏葸的计议也。
The greatness of an estate in bulk and territory doth fall under measure; and the greatness of finances and revenue doth fall under computation. The population may appear by musters: and the number and greatness of cities and towns, by cards and maps. But yet there is not anything amongst civil affairs more subject to error, than the right valuation, and true judgement,
concerning the power and forces of an estate.
一个国家底疆土之大小是可以测量的;其财赋收入之多少是可以计算的。它底人口可由户口册卷而得见,城镇之多少及大小则可由图表而知之。然而在人事中没有比关于一国底力量的真正估计推断更为易于错误的。
The kingdom of Heaven is compared, not to any great kernel or nut, but to a grain of mustard-seed; which is one of the least grains, but hath in it a property and spirit, hastily to get up and spread. So are there states, great in territory, and yet not apt to enlarge, or command; and some, that have but a small dimension of stem, and yet apt to be the foundations of great monarchies.
基督把天国不譬做任何巨大的果核或种子而譬做一粒芥子;即是一种最小的种子,但是却有一种迅速发芽及长大底特性与精神。类此,有些国家底疆土很大,可是不能伸张国力或领袖他国;又有些国家幅员很小,有如一种躯干微小的植物,然而却能为强大的帝国之基础
Walled towns, stored arsenals and armouries, goodly races of horse, chariots of war, elephants, ordnance, artillery, and the like: all this is but a sheep in a lion's skin, except the breed and disposition of the people be stout and warlike. Nay, number (itself) in armies, importeth not much, where the people is of weak courage: for (as Virgil saith) It never troubles a wolf how many the sheep be. The army of the Persians in the plains of Arbela was such a vast sea of people, as it did somewhat astonish the commanders in Alexander's army; who came to him therefore, and wished him to set upon them by night; but he answered, he would not pilfer the victory.
坚城、武库、名马、战车、巨象、大炮等等不过是披着狮子皮的绵羊,除非人民底体质和精神是坚强好战的。不特如此,若是民无勇气,则兵士数目之多是无关紧要的,委吉尔所谓“一只狼从不介意有多少只羊”者即指此也。在阿比拉(Arbela)平原中的波斯军有如一片人海,竟使亚历山大军中的将领不免惊惶;因此他们来到亚历山大面前,并建议在夜间进攻;但是他说:“我不愿偷取胜利”。
And the defeat was easy. When Tigranes the Armenian, being encamped upon a hill, with four hundred thousand men, discovered the army of the Romans being not above fourteen thousand marching towards him, he made himself merry with it, and said; Yonder men are too many for an ambassage and too few for a fight. But before the sun set, he found them enough to give him the chase, with infinite slaughter. Many are the examples, of the great odds between number and courage: so that a man may truly make a judgement, that the principal point of greatness in any state is to have a race of military men. Neither is money the sinews of war (as it is trivially said), where the sinews of men's arms, in base and effeminate people, are failing. For Solon said well to Croesus (when in ostentation he showed him his gold), Sir, if any other come that hath better iron than you he will be master of all this gold. Therefore let any prince or state think soberly of his forces, except his militia of natives be of good and valiant soldiers.
结果是容容易易地打败了敌人。阿米尼亚王蒂格拉奈斯率四十万大军驻于一座山头,当他看见那不过一万四千的罗马军向他进攻的时候,他就说笑话道:“那些人若是使节则太多,若为战斗而来则太少了”。但是,那天底太阳落之前,他已经发现这些人很够追逐他并大戮他底军队了。关于数目不敌勇气的例子是很多的:因此我们不妨断言,任何国家若要伟大,其主要之点,就在要有一个善战的民族。“金钱是战争底筋肉”,这是句平常的老套,然而是人民卑污淫靡,其两臂底筋肉无力,则金钱也不能算是战争底筋肉了。因为索伦对克瑞萨斯(当克瑞萨斯为了炫示他底富有起见把他底藏金给索伦看的时候)所说的话是说得很好的。“陛下,若是另一人前来,他底胜于陛下底铁,那末他就要变成这些金子底主人了”。所以任何君王或国家,除非自己底国民组成的军队是优良骁勇的话,最好不要对自己底力量估价过高。
And let princes, on the other side, that have subjects of martial disposition, know their own strength; unless they be otherwise wanting unto themselves. As for mercenary forces (which is the help in this case), all examples show; that, whatsoever estate or prince doth rest upon them, he may spread his feathers for a time but he will mew them soon after.
在另一方面,那些有强悍好战的臣民的君王则应当知道自己力量——除非这些臣民在别的方面是有缺陷的。至于用金钱募集的客军(那就是自己底臣民不可靠的时候的助力),所有的先例都证明任何倚仗客军的政府或君主虽然可以得意一时,如鸟之张翼,然而不久将不免于铩羽也。
The blessing of Judah and Issachar will never meet; that the same people or nation, should be both the lion's whelp and the ass between burthens: neither will it be, that a people over-laid with taxes should ever become valiant, and martial. It is true, that taxes levied by consent of the estate, do abate men's courage less; as it hath been seen notably, in the excises of the Low Countries; and in some degree, in the subsidies of England. For you must note, that we speak now of the heart, and not of the purse. So that, although the same tribute and tax laid by
consent, or by imposing, be all one to the purse, yet it works diversely upon the courage. So that you may conclude; that no people over-charged with tribute is fit for empire.Let states that aim at greatness, take heed how their nobility and gentlemen do multiply too fast. For that maketh the common subject grow to be a peasant, and base swain, driven out of heart, and in effect but the gentleman's labourer.
犹大和以萨迦底命运是永不会相合的,同一个民族或国家不会既是幼狮而又是负重的驴子一样;再者,一个困于租税的民族而要变为武勇好战,这也是不可能的。经国民同意而征收的租税比仅由掌权者片面征收的租税,减人勇气较少;荷兰底国税就是一个很明显的例子;在某种程度上,英国底特税也可算是一个例子。读者必须注意我们现在所论的是心胆的问题而不是钱包的问题。一样的赋税,不论是经国民同意与否,对于钱包的作用是同一的,但是对于人民底勇气,其作用可就不同了。因此你可以断定,凡是困于租税的人民是不适于建立帝国的。凡是志欲强大的国家应当小心,不可使国内的贵族和绅士阶级繁殖过速。因为这种情形将使平民变为农奴村夫,使他们意志沮丧,实际上成为上流阶级底奴仆而已。
Even as you may see in coppice woods; if you leave your staddles too thick, you shall never have clean underwood, but shrubs and bushes. So in countries, if the gentlemen be too many, the commons will be base; and you will bring it to that, that not the hundred poll will be fit for an helmet: especially as to the infantry, which is the nerve of an army: and so there will be
great population, and little strength. This, which I speak of, hath been nowhere better seen, then by comparing of England and France; whereof England, though far less in territory and population, hath been (nevertheless) an overmatch; in regard, the middle people of England make good soldiers, which the peasants of France do not And herein, the device of King Henry the Seventh, (whereof I have spoken largely in the history of his life) was profound, and admirable; in making farms, and houses of husbandry, of a standard; that is, maintained with such a proportion of land unto mem, as may breed a subject to live in convenient plenty, and no servile condition; and to keep the plough in the hands of the owners, and not mere hirelings.
这就好象你在丛林中可以见到的情形一样;假如你把小树留得过密,那末你就永不会有清清楚楚的丛林,而只能有矮树野薮。类此,在国家之内,如果上流阶级人数过多,则平民必降为卑下,其结果将至于一百个头颅没有一个配戴盔的;尤其对于那为军队之神经系统的步兵为然;如此的国家将有很大的人口而很小的力量了。我所谈的这一点,若要找个例子来证明它,那末最好是把英国和法国比较一下:两国之中,虽然英国在疆土和人口方面都不及法国,然而和法国敌对起来,却居然不止是个敌手;这就因为英国底一般民众能成为优良的兵士,而法国底乡农则不能也。在这一点上英王亨利第七底法度(关于这个法度曾在拙著《亨利第七本纪》中详言之)真是用意深远,值得钦佩的。他把田庄农舍都规划齐一了。所谓规划齐一者,就是依他底规定,凡是田庄农舍必须要受一定限度的田地底维持,这限度就在要使那田庄农舍里的人能以生活裕如不至沦入贱役;他这种制度又使耕田的人就是田底主人而非仅仅是雇佣之徒。
And thus indeed, you shall attain to Virgil's character, which he gives to ancient Italy: terra potens arrnis atque ubere glebae. Neither is that state (which for anything I know, is almost peculiar to England and hardly to be found anywhere else, except it be perhaps in Poland) to be passed over; I mean die state of free servants and attendants upon noblemen and gentlemen; which are no ways inferior unto the yeomanry for arms.
这样就可以达到委吉尔所形容的古意大利底性质了:一个兵强土肥因而伟大的国家。还有一种情形(这种情形据我所知几乎是英国特有的,除了或者在波兰以外,别处恐怕是遇不到的)也是不可忽略的:就是服侍贵族和绅士的都是自由人;而这些人在武事上毫不劣于中产的平民。
And therefore, out of all question, the splendour, and magnificence, and great retinues, and hospitality of noblemen and gentlemen received into custom, doth much conduce unto martial greatness. Whereas, contrariwise, the close and reserved living of noblemen and gentlemen causeth a penury of military forces.
因此,贵族和上流人士底生活中那种种的荣华豪气,宾客之盛,礼仪之隆,一旦成为风习之后,的确都是很能引人到武功底伟大上去的。反之,贵族与上流人士底生活若是吝啬隐秘,则将使国内底武力大为削弱。
By all means, it is to be procured, that the trunk of Nebuchadnezzar's tree of monarchy be great enough to bear the branches, and the boughs; that is, that the natural subjects of the crown or state bear a sufficient proportion to the stronger subjects that they govern. Therefore all states, that are liberal of naturalisation towards strangers, are fit for empire. For to think that an handful of people can, with the greatest courage and policy in the world, embrace too large extent of dominion, it may hold for a time, but it will fail suddenly. The Spartans were a nice people, in point of naturalisation; whereby, while they kept their compass, they stood firm; but when they did spread, and their boughs were becoming too great for their stem, they became a windfall upon the sudden. Never any state was, in this point, so open to receive strangers into their body, as were the Romans.
无论用何种方法,务须使尼布甲尼撒梦中所见的王国底躯干强大到能够支持枝叶的程度;这句话底意思就是,皇帝或政府底本族臣民同他们统属治理的异族人民比起来,其多寡须有正当的比例。因此,所有那些使异族人容易入籍归化的国家都是适于成为帝国的。若以为小小的民族,因其智勇绝伦,竟足以征服并保有过大的国度,这种事短时间是可能的,但是这样的国度不久将会突然灭亡的。斯巴达人对于入籍一事过于严密;因此,当他们守着自己底小小的国境的时候,他们底地位是很巩固的;但是到了他们底国境扩张,枝叶变得为躯干所不能支持的时候,他们就突然覆亡,如风吹果落一样。在入籍的这一点上,从来没有一国如罗马之易于容纳异族者。
Therefore it sorted with them accordingly; for they grew to the greatest monarchy. Their manner was, to grant naturalisation (which they called ins civitatis), and to grant it in the highest degree; that is, not only ins conmercci, ius connubii, ius heredHatis; but also, ius suffragii, and ius honorum. And this, not to singular persons alone, but likewise to whole families; yea to cities, and sometimes to nations. Add to this, their custom of plantation of colonies; whereby the Roman plant was removed into the soil of other nations. And putting both constitutions together, you will say, that it was not the Roman that spread upon the world; but it was the world that spread upon the Romans: and that was the sure way of greatness. I have marvelled sometimes at Spain, how they clasp and contain so large dominions, with so few natural Spaniards: but sure, the whole compass of Spain is a very great body of a tree; far above Rome and Sparta at the first And besides, though they have not had that usage, to naturalise liberally; yet they have that, which is next to it; that is, to employ almost indifferently all nations in their militia of ordinary soldiers: yea, and sometimes in their highest commands. Nay, it seemeth at this instant, they are sensible of this want of natives; as by the Pragmatical Sanction, now published, appeareth.
因此罗马人底结局也因之而很好;因为他们成了世界上最伟大的帝国。罗马人底办法是不仅把国籍权(他们叫做市民权)给予愿入籍的人而且是把这种权益极为充分地给予他:这就是说,他们不但把交易权,婚娶权和承继权给予愿入籍的人而且还把选举权和任官权给予这种人。并且这种的授权其受者不限于个人,一个家族也可以受这些权利;不但如此,一城的人,有时一国的人也可如此得享罗马公民底权利。此外再加上罗马人移民殖民底习惯,由于种习惯罗马这个植物就由本土而移植到异乡底土壤中了。把这两种制度加在一起,你尽可以说并不是罗马人发展到全世界去,而全世界发展到罗马来了;而这种情形确是大国之道。我曾对西班牙感觉惊异,就是道地的西班牙人如此之少,而何以他们能够占据并统辖这么大的属地呢?但是西班牙本国底疆土的确是一棵大树,较之罗马和斯巴达初起的时候,优胜得多了。并且,虽然他们没有容易准人入籍的惯例,可是他们有仅次于这个惯例的办法;就是,在他们底普通兵士组成的军队中所用的人是差不多毫无本国人与异族底分别的;不但如此,有时在他们底最高将领中也有异族人。又,就西王腓力普所颁的特诏看来,他们现在对于本国人口不足的这种情形似乎是很感觉到的。
It is certain, that sedentary and within-door arts, and delicate manufactures (that require rather the finger than the arm) have, in their nature, a contrariety to a military disposition. And generally, all warlike people are a little idle; and love danger better then travail: neither must they be too much broken of it, if they shall be preserved in vigour. 坐着作的,户内的技艺,以及精密的制造(需用手指之巧而不需用臂力之强者)在本性中就与好战的心理不合,这是无疑的。一般言之,所有好战的民族都有点游荡,爱危险甚于爱劳作。如果我们要他们仍旧保持那种武勇的精神,那我们就不可过于禁制或改移他们底好尚。
Therefore, it was great advantage, in the ancient states of Sparta, Athens, Rome and others, that they had the use of slaves which commonly did rid those manufactures.
因此,古代的斯巴达、雅典、罗马,以及其他的国家都蓄养奴隶,让他们担任那些劳作,这是他们那些国家底一个大便宜。
But that is abolished, in greatest part, by the Christian law. That which cometh nearest to it, is to leave those arts chiefly to strangers (which for that purpose are the more easily to be received), and to contain the principal bulk of the vulgar natives, within those three kinds; tillers of the ground; free servants; and handy-craftsmen of strong and manly arts, as smiths, masons, carpenters, etc.; not reckoning professed soldiers.
但是蓄奴之制已由____底教律而大部废除了。最和蓄奴制相近的办法就是把那些技艺大部留给异族人去做(异族人为了这个原故也易在所在国里容身)而把本国人中一般民众底大多数限于三种工作或职业——耕者,自由的仆役;从事强力健壮的工作的工匠,如铁匠、泥匠、木匠等等:正式的军人还不算在内
But above all, for empire and greatness, it importeth most; that a nation do profess arms, as their principal honour, study, and occupation. For the things, which we formerly have spoken of, are but habitations towards arms: and what is habilitation without intention and act? Romulus, after his death (as they report, or feign) sent a present to the Romans; that, above all, they should intend arms; and then, they should prove the greatest empire of the world. The fabric of the state of Sparta was wholly (though not wisely) framed, and composed, to that scope and end. The Persians and Macedonians had it for a flash. The Gauls, Germans, Goths, Saxons, Normans and others, had it for a time. The Turks have it, at this day, though in great declination.
但是,最要者,若欲国家强大,威权伸张,则一国之人务须把军事认为举国唯一的荣誉、学问和职业。因为我以上所说的那些事不过是军事底准备而已;但是若没有目的和行动,则准备又有何用?罗缪剌斯死后(这是人家传说或寓言的)给罗马人送来了一个忠告,教他们最要留心武事;若果他们这样做,他们将成为世界上最大的帝国。斯巴达底国家结构是全然(虽然不甚巧妙地)以武事为目的准则而建造组织成的。波斯人与马其顿人在很短的一瞬间有过这样举国皆兵的情形。高尔人、日耳曼人、戈斯人、萨克逊人、诺曼人和其他的民族在某一时代都有过这样的情形。土耳其人在如今还是这样的情形,虽然已经大为衰颓了。
Of Christian Europe, they that have it, are, in effect, only the Spaniards. But it is so plain, that every man profiteth in that he most intendeth, that it needeth not to be stood upon. It is enough to point at it; that no nation, which doth not directly profess arms, may look to have greatness fall into their mouths. And, on the other side, it is a most certain oracle of time; that those states, that continue long in that profession (as the Romans and Turks principally have done) do wonders. And those that have professed arms but for an age, have notwithstanding commonly attained that greatness in that age, which maintained them long after, when their profession and exercise of arms hath grown to decay.
在欧洲的____国中,有这种情形的国家实际只有西班牙一国。但是无论何人,其所最得力者就是平日所最致力者,这个道理太明显了,不必多说,我们只有略加指点就行了:就是,不干脆尚武的国家是不必希望会突然变为强大的。在相反的一方面,那些长期尚武的国家(如罗马人和土耳其人之所为)将成大业立奇功,这是历史底最可靠的教训。那些仅仅在某一时期曾经尚武的国家却也曾多半变为强大,而这种强大的情形,是到了后来他们对武事的崇尚与运用已经衰颓的时候,仍然为他们底支持物的。
Incident to this point is; for a state, to have those laws or customs, which may reach forth unto them just occasions (as may be pretended) of war. For there is that justice imprinted in the nature of men, that they enter not upon wars (whereof so many calamities do ensue) but upon some, at the least specious, grounds and quarrels.
同这一点相连的还有一点,就是,一个国家顶好有一些法律或风俗,这种法律和风俗要使他们有作战的正当理由(或至少有所借口)才好。因为人性之中自有一种天赋的公道,除非有一点争战底根据或理由(至少是勉强可以算做理由的话头),他们是不肯加入那凶险甚多的战事的。
The Turk hath at hand, for cause of war, the propagation of his law or sect; a quarrel that he may always command. The Romans, though they esteemed the extending the limits of their empire to be great honour to their generals, when it was done, yet they never rested upon that alone, to begin a war. First therefore, let nations, that pretend to greatness, have this; that they be sensible of wrongs, either upon borderers, merchants, or politic ministers; and mat they sit not too long upon a provocation.
土耳其的君主为了作战,常以传播他底宗教为理由:这是一种很方便的,随时可以利用的理由。罗马人虽然在开疆拓土底事业已经成功之后,把这种事认为是统兵将帅底大荣耀,然而他们从未把开拓疆土一事认为起衅底好理由。因此,凡是志在强大的国家,第一应当有这点性质,就是,对于别国底侮辱伤害,要敏感,无论这种侮辱伤害是加于边邻,或施于本国底商人或使节的;并且对别人底撩拨,不可纵容过久。
Secondly, let them be pressed and ready to give aids and succours, to their confederates: as it ever was with the Roman: in so much, as if the confederate had leagues defensive with divers other states, and upon invasion offered, did implore their aids severally, yet the Romans would ever be the foremost, and leave it to none other to have the honour. As for the wars which were anciently made on the behalf of a kind of party, or tacit conformity of estate, I do not see how they may be well justified: as when the Romans made a war for the liberty of Greece: or when the Lacedaemonians and Athenians made wars, to set up or pull down democracies, and oligarchies: or when wars were made by foreigners, under the pretence of justice, or protection, to deliver the subjects of others from tyranny, and oppression; and the like. Let it suffice, that no estate expect to be great that is not awake, upon any just occasion of arming.
第二,他们应当常常准备着对他们底与国或同盟加以援助,如罗马人从来之所为一样;罗马人底办法是这样的,假令有一国与罗马之外的许多国家也曾缔结盟约互为保障,到了有敌国来犯的时候,并曾向这各国分头乞援,罗马人总是首先赴援,不让别的任何国家有这种荣誉。至于古人为了拥护一党一派或实质相同的政体而起的战争,我不懂那是有什么正当理由的:例如罗马人为了希腊底自由而战,斯巴达人和雅典人为了建立或倾覆民主政治和寡头政治而战,又如某一国底人,假借公道或人道底名义,来解除他一国中的专制与压迫,诸如此类者皆是也。总之,凡是不准备有了正当理由就立即动兵的国家,不必希冀强大也。
No body can be healthful without exercise, neither natural body, nor politic: and certainly, to a kingdom or estate, a just and honourable war is the true exercise. A civil war, indeed, is like the heat of a fever, but a foreign war is like the heat of exercise, and serveth to keep the body in health: for in a slothful peace, both courages will effeminate, and manners corrupt But howsoever it be for happiness, without all question, for greatness it maketh to be still, for the most part, in arms: and the strength of a veteran army (though it be a chargeable business), always on foot, is that, which commonly giveth the law, or at least the reputation amongst all neighbour states; as may well be seen in Spain; which hath had, in one part or other, a veteran army, almost continually, now by the space of six-score years.
不论是个人底身体或国家底团体,如不运动则其体不强:而对于一个王国或共和国,一个有理由有光荣的战争乃是一种真实的运动,这是无疑的。内战真有如患病发热;但是对外作战则有如运动发热,是可以保持身体健康的;因为在一种偷惰的和平中,民气将变为柔靡而民德将变为腐败也。但是,不管为了幸福是怎么样,为了国家底强大起见,国民大部分常常从事武备是很有利的;一个常在行动中的,久经战阵的军队底力量(虽然这种力量是代价很高的),正即是使我在所有的邻国中能有发号施令之权(或者至少能有这种名誉)的工具也;西班牙就是一个很明显的例子,西班牙在欧洲各处差不多长期驻有精兵,已经约有120年之久了。
To be master of the sea is an abridgement of a monarchy. Cicero writing to Atticus, of Pompey his preparation against Caesar, saith; consilium Pompeii plane Themistocum est; putat enim, qui mari potitur, eum rerum potiri. And, without doubt, Pompey had tired out Caesar, if upon vain confidence, he had not left that way. We see the great effects of battles by sea. The battle of Actium decided the empire of the world. The battle of Lepanto arrested the greatness of the Turks.
一个国家若能成为海上底主人就等于已成了一个帝国。西塞罗致书阿蒂苦斯论庞拜对恺撒的军事准备时说道:“庞拜所遵循的是一种真正的塞密斯陶立克斯式的策略:他以为那掌握海权的人,就是掌握一切的人”。无疑地,如果庞拜不因一时自大轻敌而舍舟从陆,他一定会使恺撒疲于奔命的。海战底重大影响是我们看得见的。埃克兴之战决定了罗马帝国之谁属。勒盘陶之战制止了土耳其人底强横。
There be many examples, where sea-fights have been final to the war; but this is, when princes or states have set up their rest upon the battles. But thus much is certain; that he that commands the sea is at great liberty, and may take as much, and as little of the war, as he will. Whereas those that be strongest by land, are many times nevertheless in great straits. Surely, at this day, with us of Europe, the vantage of strength at sea (which is one of the principal dowries of this kingdom of Great Britain) is great: both because, most of the kingdoms of Europe are not merely inland, but girt with the sea, most part of their compass; and because, the wealth of both Indies seems in great part but an accessory to the command of the seas.
海战为全部战争之最后决战者其例甚多。这种情形固然是君主或国家们把一切都凭海战来决定底结果,然而这点是确定的,就是握有海上霸权的一方是很自由的,在战争上它是可多可少,一随己意的。在相反的一方面,那些陆军最强的国家却往往感受极大的困难。无疑地,在今日,我们欧洲的诸国中,海上的势力(这种势力是大不列颠底主要的天赋优点之一)是一种很大的长处;一则因为欧洲底各国,大多数不是纯粹内陆的,而是国境底大部分临着海的;再则因为东西印度底财富底大部分似乎是唯有握着海上底霸权的人才能得着的。
The wars of latter ages seem to be made in the dark, in respect of the glory and honour, which reflected upon men, from the wars in ancient time. There be now, for martial encouragement, some degrees and orders of chivalry; which nevertheless, are conferred promiscuously upon soldiers and no soldiers; and some remembrance perhaps upon the scutcheon; and some hospitals for maimed soldiers; and such like things. But in ancient times; the trophies erected upon the place of the victory; the funeral laudatives and monuments for those that died in the wars; the crowns and garlands personal; the style of emperor, which the great kings of the world after borrowed; the triumphs of the generals upon their return; the great donatives and largesses upon the disbanding of the armies; were things able to inflame all men's courage. But above all, that of the triumph, amongst the Romans, was not pageants or gaudery, but one of the wisest and noblest institutions that ever was.
与古代底战争所给予人的光辉荣耀相形之下,近代底战争简直是在黑暗中打的。为鼓励士气起见,现在也有些爵位勋章等等,然而这些东西是杂乱地颁发,无分军人或非军人的;此外也许还有些楯上的铭语,伤兵病院,诸如此类的东西。但是在古时,那在战胜地点树立的纪念品,追悼的颂辞,以及纪念阵亡将士的碑坊,奖给个人的花冠,大元帅底名义,(就是后来的各国君主所借用的),凯旋将帅底胜利游行;兵队复员时的重大犒赏;这都是能引起人人底勇气的事物。但是,最重要者,莫过于罗马人底凯旋式,这种凯旋式并不仅是仪式或夸耀,而是一种极其聪明伟大的制度。
For it contained three things; honour to the general; riches to the treasury out of the spoils; and donatives to the army. But that honour, perhaps, were not fit for monarchies; except it be in the person of the monarch himself, or his sons; as it came to pass, in the times of the Roman emperors, who did appropriate the actual triumphs to themselves, and their sons, for such wars as they did achieve in person: and left only, for wars achieved by subjects, some triumphal garments, and ensigns, to the general.
因为它里面包含三样事情;在将帅方面是尊荣;在国库方面是由战利品而增进了财富;在军队方面是赏赐。不过那种尊荣也许是不适于君主国的;除非把它归之于君主本人或他底子嗣们,如后来的罗马皇帝们之所为一样,他们把自己或子嗣曾经亲自参加的战役底凯旋式由自己或子嗣包办了,而在臣子得来的胜仗中,则仅对统兵将帅予以庆功的衣服和勋章。
To conclude; no man can, by care taking (as the scripture saith) add a cubit to his stature, in this little model of man's body: but in the great frame of kingdoms, and commonwealths, it is in the power of princes, or estates, to add amplitude and greatness to their kingdoms. For by introducing such ordinances, constitutions, and customs, as we have now touched, they may sow greatness to their posterity, and succession. But these things are commonly not observed, but left to take their chance.
总之;如《圣书》所说,谁也不能因为用了心思的原故而对这个小结构——人体——加高一寸;但是在大结构如王国或共和国中,则为君主者或执政者可以使他们底国家增强滋大的;因为如果他们肯把我们上面论及的法令,宪章,习俗试行国内,则他们是可以给后世或继位者种下强大之因的。然而这些事普通多不受人注意,一任其自己随时运而晦明焉。
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摘录:最具威胁力的辞职理由:老板,我考上税务局的公务员[微博](课程)了,你准备跑路吧。
A letter of resignation went viral online these days for itsfeeling of romantics, reading that, "The world is so bigthat I want to have a look"。
The letter was written by a psychology teacher whobegan working at a middle school in China’s HenanProvince from 2004. The photo of the letter spreadquickly and widely after the teacher posted it in the "Cycleof Friends" of Wechat, a Chinese social networkingapplication。
一封辞职信红遍网络:“世界那么大,我想去看看”,被称为史上“最具情怀”的辞职信。
信的作者是一名心理老师,2004年7月入职河南省实验中学。最初她在微信朋友圈里发出辞职信的照片,之后被迅速传开。
Afterwards, a number of weird and funny reasons forresignation were checked and gathered by Chinesenetizens, as follows:
接着,一大波奇葩的辞职理由被网友扒出,盘点如下:
1.I don’t like our work wear。
3.最放荡不羁的辞职理由:我不喜欢我们的工作服。
2.I just could not get up in the morning。
2.最老实的辞职理由:我早上就是起不来。
3.No one takes care of my children and parents。
1.最有家庭责任感的辞职理由:孩子没人带,双亲没人照顾。
4.I am not worth the wage。
4.最妄自菲薄的辞职理由:我觉得挣的太多了,自己不值这个价。
5.For the interest of the company, I apply to be anundercover at the opponent’s store。
5.最有特务性质的辞职理由:为了公司的利益,我特申请到对手门店去做卧底!
6.My Mom won’t allow me to do that。
6.最小孩子气的辞职理由:我妈妈不让我干这个了。
7.Boss, I’m ill. It’s really!
7.最扯淡的辞职理由:老板,我有病,真的有病!
8.I want to accompany my girlfriend to the cinema, inwork time。
8.最佳男友的辞职理由:我想在工作时间段陪女友看电影。
9.Boss, I have passed the civil servant exam of the taxbureau, so, please get ready to run away!
9.最具威胁力的辞职理由:老板,我考上税务局的公务员[微博](课程)了,你准备跑路吧。
10.Boss, my weak body cannot keep pace with yourbroad ambition
10.最文艺的辞职理由:老板,我柔弱的身体跟不上你远大的理想。
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