为您找到与成人零基础英语怎样自学相关的共200个结果:
我们学了一辈子的英语,进入社会还是手难书、口难开。就连最简单的“听”,只要老外讲的快一点,也听不懂。但是在职场上的英语实力,确实重要,在关键时刻,一个能用英语处理工作的白领,在老板和同事中的地位立刻水涨船高。但是,成人零基础如何学习英语呢?
由于英语在中国并非官方语言,没有真正的双语环境,而语言的有效学习应该回归到生活中,就如同我们学校母语般,再来就是由于东方人个性上的保守和爱面子,导致很怕开口说英语,要克服这样的心理,应该强化自己的学习动机,并且树立“多说不怕多措,少说永远对不了”的正面思想。
对于零基础想学英语来说,系统的跟着老师学习是很有必要的,常常会有人在网上分享自学的方法,并不是说自学不行,只是自学可能更适合有一定的基础,打算考证做短期冲刺的人。零基础的朋友建议还是跟着老师入门,系统的学习,打好基础,在老师的指引下一步一步来。
浏览量:2
下载量:0
时间:
浏览量:3
下载量:0
时间:
浏览量:2
下载量:0
时间:
以前几乎是只有学生才会学习英语,但随着社会的发展,很多的成人也有了对英语的需求。所以现在英语不光是学生在学习,成年人也要学习。但成年人和学生的学习有什么不同吗?下面快来看一看。
1. 在校的学生的任务就是学习,别的事情就可以你那么重要,甚至很多应该自己做的事,家里人都会帮着做。成人就不一样了。成人要工作,有很多的责任和义务,这些都是不能也不应该逃避的。而且成人还有很多家庭和社会上的事务。所以成人的脑子就比在校学生复杂得多,时间也难找得多。
2. 在校学生由于环境的因素,所以有学习的习惯,而成人有的离开了学校多年,已经没有了学习的习惯。
3. 在校的学生的记忆方式是以机械记忆为主,而成人则是完全的逻辑记忆。机械记忆有利于学文史地,逻辑记忆有利于学数理化。而且,随着年龄的增大,记忆还会逐年衰退,年纪越大,学英语也就越难。
4. 在校学生知识面较窄,没社会经验,看问题容易简单化,而成人有丰富的社会经验和阅历,看问题比较全面,理解力强。
基于以上几点,成人学英语的方法就应与在校学生有所不同!以下便是成年人英语学习中需要关注的一些问题!
成人应该用一两个月的时间在语法方面先过关,看完一本简单的语法书,把里边的例句背下来。然后花一年或多一点的时间啃一本实用的书,把这本书背下来或反复进行英汉,汉英翻译,而把新概念之类的教科书或VOA, BBC当泛读和听力资料进行学习。同时坚持每天写日记或写文章,如有可能,还可以和朋友讨论问题,以期达到初步应用的水平。啃一本书的方法是行之有效的,成功的例子很多:丰子恺是用翻译一本书的方法在一年多一点的时间里完全靠自己学会了英语。后来他还用此方法学会了另外三种外语。他女儿也是用这种方法学会了四种外语。
浏览量:2
下载量:0
时间:
音标是学习英语的重要工具,是学好英语的坚实基础.熟练掌握音标及其拼读规律不仅可以保证单词能够读准,更重要的是可以使学生增强自信心,激发其学习英语的兴趣.因此,语音教学对学生依然重要.近年来,音标的教学不可忽视.
这个阶段你首先 要熟悉音标,能做到认识会读就可以了,有些发音可能不是很准也没有关系这很正常。其次 你开始学习通过音标来拆分单词
浏览量:2
下载量:0
时间:
自学英语要怎么开始?自学英语第一步要做什么?学习英语要有的心态是什么?通过多年的经验,我对大家的建议是你学习英语的第一步是知道自已到底是为什么要学英语?然后有一个良好的心理准备。知道自已为什么要学英语往往比方法更重要!为什么?只有当你定位好你是如何看待英语的时候你才能用正确的方法。一般会有两种情况如果你是第三种你自已想办法。
首先、耐心你要认识到学英语并不是一天两天就能见到成效的事,它需要一段时间去积累所以我建议不要去找快方法,我看到市面上有很多书说什么一个月征服英语,我觉得就算征服了英语在你身上产生的价值也就是那几天罢了,就算像李阳那样的疯狂英语也是需要一些时间的积累。我自已认为我已经蛮疯狂了但我从零到PETS5级也用了2年的时间。我专门写了一篇关于耐心的文章叫持续的力量
其次,自信是很重要的,就像别人常说的那样"自信心是学好英语的第一步"你必须知道英语是一门语言是用来沟通的(过级者除外),既然是用来沟通的那你就一定得说出来,但事实上现在中国很多人学英语,但他们却很少说英语,他们因为害羞而不敢练习口语,他们不敢用英语来阐述他的观点,所以在自学英语的过程中你必须慢慢建立强大的自信,不要因为说错而敢到不舒服或丢脸,在我初期学的时候也碰到了这样的问题(我会在以后的章节中谈谈我自已的办法)。包括我现在在新加坡,真的发现很多中国人能说英语,但因为练习的少说得少,中国的口音非常重。而且说起来非常的卡。
最后,努力,征服英语
浏览量:2
下载量:0
时间:
2023年成人高考专升本英语真题及答案(详解)
成人高考,作为一项国家级的大型考试,承载着无数考生的梦想和期望。经过一上午努力奋斗,2023年10月份成人高考英语科目已经考完,下面小编为大家整理了2023年成人高考专升本英语真题及答案,这些都是由考生回忆整理的,仅供参考!
成人高考英语是必考科目,相对四级英语来说,成考英语的难度要低一些,介于三级到四级之间。很多成考生都没有长期的学习英语,所以刚开始学习难度可能会比较大,但是不用担心,只要坚持学习一段时间,慢慢的我们的学习能力就会加强的。
学习英语尽量开口说,就算记生词也是。把握正确念法,才能帮助记住一个单词。多找文章大声朗诵。成考英语学习没有捷径,学会学习,才能更好地提高复习效率。成人高考属于成人教育的一种,考生几乎都是在职人士,国家自然会有所考量,作为国家选拔人才的一种方式,成人高考采用宽进严出的方式,考试难度并不大。
浏览量:4
下载量:0
时间:
想练习英语口语,那么英语情景对话就是你最好的练习材料,下面读文网小编为大家带来日常基础英语情景对话,欢迎大家学习!
A:Mum,pass me some more please!
A:妈妈,请再给我一点。
B:Tina,you should have more nutritious food.Don't eat these crisps any more.
B:蒂娜,你该吃些更有营养的食物,别总吃这些炸土豆片了。
A:But the ads say they're most nutritious.
A:可广告说它们非常有营养。
B:Have you ever heard the ads say anything bad about their products?
B:你听广告说他们的产品不好吗?
浏览量:4
下载量:0
时间:
英语口语重在平时的日常练习,那么你想要一些基础的日常英语对话练习口语吗?下面读文网小编为大家带来,希望对你有所帮助!
A:Excuse me, can you tell me where central Park Street is?
A:对不起,请问中央公园大街在哪儿?
B:Turn right at the third light and then go straight for two blocks.
B:第三个红绿灯处右转,一直走,过两个街区。
A:ls it far?
A:请问远吗?
B:No. lt's only a ten-minute walk.
B:不远,走IO分钟就到。
A:l see. Thanks a lot.
A:我明白了,多谢。
B:You're welcome.
B:不客气。
浏览量:3
下载量:0
时间:
想要练好英语口语就要注重平时的口语训练,那么你想要一些基础的英语对话来练习口语吗?下面读文网小编为大家带来基础英语情景对话练习材料,希望对大家的学习有所帮助!
A:Good morning, Mr.zhang.
A:早上好,张先生。
B:Good morning.
B:早上好。
A:How are you? How nice to see you again.How is everthing going?
A:你好吗?很高兴能再次见到你。过得怎么样?
B;Very well, What about you?
B:非常好,你怎么样?
A:Not bad, thanks, Our company has sent me to pick you up here.
A:还可以,谢谢。我们公司派我来这儿接你。
B:That is so nice of you.
B:你们真是太好了。
浏览量:3
下载量:0
时间:
基础就是指事物发展的根本或起点的意思,不管学什么都要扎扎实实地打好基础,练好基本功才是最重要的。那么你想知道基础用英语怎么读吗?下面读文网小编为大家带来基础的英语读法,希望对你有所帮助。
1. They will concentrate on teaching the basics of reading, writing and arithmetic.
他们将集中教授阅读、写作和算术基础知识。
2. The degree provides a thorough grounding in both mathematics and statistics.
该学位课程将为数学和统计学打下扎实的基础。
3. This basic utilitarian model gives a relatively unsophisticated account of human behaviour.
这个实用的基础模型较为简略地解释了人类的行为。
4. Canadian libel law is based on English common law.
加拿大的诽谤法是以英国的习惯法为基础的。
5. All vessels were to be built on a cost-plus basis.
所有的船只都将在成本加利润的基础上制造。
6. A substantial proportion of the population speak a French-based patois.
人口中有一大部分说以法语为基础的混合语。
7. Dr. Mesibov set forth the basis of his approach to teaching students.
梅西伯夫博士阐述了他的教学方法的基础。
8. The infrastructure, from hotels to transport, is old and decrepit.
从宾馆到交通,所有的基础设施都已陈旧失修。
9. He was determined to give his family a secure and solid base.
他决定给家人一个牢固坚实的生活基础。
10. Diplomats meeting in Chile have laid the groundwork for far-reaching environmental regulations.
在智利会面的外交官们已经为那些对未来影响深远的环境保护条例的制定打好了基础。
11. Japanese proprietors are erecting a complex infrastructure of political influence throughout America.
日本商人正在美国各地建立复杂的、具有政治影响力的基础结构。
12. I am determined to build on this solid foundation.
我决定在这个坚实的基础之上继续努力。
13. The authorities have said they will attempt to maintain essential services.
当局已表示他们将努力维持公共基础服务。
14. Consultation is traditional in the consensual Belgian system of labour relations.
协商是建立在意见一致基础上的比利时劳资关系体系的传统做法。
15. Three of the new products are based on traditional herbal medicines.
有3种新产品是以传统的草药为基础研制的。
浏览量:9
下载量:0
时间:
现在社会竞争的不断加大,很多时候需要不断的提升自身的能力,成年人也应该利用闲暇时间多学习英语,提升自己的价值。那么到底有什么好的成年人自学英语的方法呢?下面读文网小编为大家带来成年人自学英语的方法,欢迎大家学习!
一个真正的马拉松运动员是绝不会空等奥林匹克金牌从天下掉下来的,现在就行动起来吧。
浏览量:5
下载量:0
时间:
英语其实是一门很有趣,也很实用的语言。成年人也应该利用闲暇时间多学习英语,提升自己的价值。那么到底有什么好的成年人零基础学习英语的方法呢?下面读文网小编为大家带来成年人零基础学习英语的方法,欢迎大家学习!
对于在职人士而言,对于英语学习最重要的就是能用,比如:主要想提升英语口语,英语写作,商务英语,职场英语等,因此,学习英语的内容也是有针对性的,这样才能真正做到学以致用,并也能体会一门语言的真实魅力所在。 其实英语学习的方法有很多种,只要能找出一种适合自己的,就一定能够取得成功,相信自己。
浏览量:4
下载量:0
时间:
英语单词是学英语的基础,多记忆背诵才能学好英语。下面读文网小编为大家带来六年级基础英语单词,欢迎大家学习!
read a magazine [,mæɡə'zi:n] 阅读杂志
go to the cinema ['sinəmə] 去看电影
theme [θi:m] park [pɑ:k] 主题公园
the Great [ɡreit] Wall [wɔ:l]长城
actor ['æktə] (男演员)
actress ['æktris] (女演员)
artis ['ɑ:tist] t(画家)
fall [fɔ:l]落下
down[daun] 向下
into ['intu:]进入
come out 露出
again[ə'ɡen] 又
seed[si:d] (种子)
soil[sɔil] (土壤)
sprout[spraut] (苗,芽)
touris['tuərist] t 旅行者;
way [wei]路;道
motor cycle['saikl] 摩托车
police[pə'li:s] 警方;警察部门
meter[mi:tə] 米
ton[tʌn, tuŋ] 吨
each[i:tʃ] 各自;每个
squid[skwid] 鱿鱼
lobster['lɔbstə] 龙虾
shark[ʃɑ:k] 鲨鱼
soon 立刻;不久
tired['taiəd]疲劳的,累的
excited[ik'saitid]兴奋的
浏览量:2
下载量:0
时间:
英语单词是学英语的基础,多记忆背诵才能学好英语。下面读文网小编为大家带来小学四年级基础英语单词,供大家参考学习!
horse[ hɔ:s ]马
hen[ hen ]母鸡
lamb[ læm ]小羊;羔羊
goat[ ɡəut ]山羊.
pretty[ 'priti ]漂亮的;可爱的
cheap[ tʃi:p ] 便宜的.
expensive[iks'pensiv]昂贵的.
sixty[ 'siksti(:) ]六十
seventy[ 'sevənti ] 七十.
hundred[ 'hʌndrəd ]百
family[ 'fæmili ]家庭
parents['pɛərənts]父母
uncle[ 'ʌŋkl ] 叔叔;舅舅.
aunt[ ɑ:nt ]姨;姑姑;婶;.
baby[ 'beibi ] 婴儿..
people[ 'pi:pl ]人
strong[ strɔŋ ]强壮的
quiet[ 'kwaiət ]安静的.
friend[ frend ] 朋友.
Chinese [trai'ni:z] n.中文,汉语;中国人adj.中国的,中国人的;
photo[ 'fəutəu ] 照片..
computer game[ kəm'pju:tə ] [ ɡeim ]电脑游戏
her[ hə: ]她的
right [ rait ]对的;正确的
浏览量:3
下载量:0
时间:
英语单词是学英语的基础,多记忆背诵才能学好英语。下面读文网小编为大家带来成人高考必备英语单词,欢迎大家学习!
confess 承认,坦白,忏悔
definite 明确的,限定的
definitely 明确地,肯定地,当然
everyone 每人
everything 事事,一切东西
everywhere 到处,处处
familiar 熟悉的,交情好的
famine 饥荒
fireman 消防队员
genuine 真正的,真诚的
geometry 几何学
image 像,形象
imaginary 想像的
highly 高度地,很,非常
minute 分钟,一会儿,微小的
occupation 占领,职业
occupy 占,占据
overlook 俯瞰,忽略,宽容
overnight 一夜间
recall 回想,收回
receive 收到,受到
question 问题,怀疑
queue 行列,长列
quick 快的,敏捷的,伶俐的
review 复习
revise 修订,复习
revolt 反抗,起义
浏览量:3
下载量:0
时间:
下面是学习英语语法的基础知识哦,来学习下吧!
英语语法基础知识入门教程
音 标
学习提示:
在我们开始学习英语语音音标之前,有一点大家要记住:不要试图用汉语普通话的近似的音去代替英语的音标。例如,有人把英语字母“n’'念成“恩”,用汉语的“e”来代替英语的[e],把字母f、m、x分别念成“爱弗”、“爱木”、“爱克斯”。这是一种很坏的习惯,它使你永远也学不到纯正的英语发音。记住,英语的音标跟汉语的音标缺乏可比性。例如,英语的单元音有十二个之多,而汉语只有六个。即使是两者相似的音,它们在发音的口型、音的长短上都有差别。
音素分类:
英语的音标共有48个,其中元音音标20个,辅音音标28个。相信大家对它们都不陌生了,在正式开始音标学习之前,让我们再来熟悉一下这48个音标。
元音
1、单元音 前元音:[i] [i:] [e] [?]
中元音:[?:] [?] [?]
后元音:[a:] [?] [?:] [u] [u:]
2、双元音 合口双元音:[ei] [ai] [?i] [?u] [au]
集中双元音:[i?] [ε? ] [u?]
辅音
1、爆破音 [p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g]
2、摩擦音 [f] [v] [θ] [e] [s] [z] [?] [?] [h] [r]
3、破擦音 [ts] [dz] [tr] [dr] [t?] [d?]
4、鼻音 [m] [n] [?]
5、半元音 [j] [w]
6、舌侧音 [l]
音标记忆法:
不要为音标的分类名称操心,你并不需要记住这些名称;也不要为音标的数目太多而发愁,照下面的两个记忆方法去做,你一定能在十分钟内将所有的英语音标记住。
一、元音分组记忆法:将元音音标分成四个大组和四个单个,帮助记忆。
1、四大组
第一组 第二组 第三组 第四组
[i] [i:] [i?] [ei] [ai]
[?] [?:] [?u] [ε?]
[u] [u:] [u?] [au]
[?] [?:] [?i]
记忆窍门:
第一组为“基本型”;第二组为基本型的“延长型”;在基本型后加长音符号;第三组为基本型的“前置型”;第四组为基本型的“后置型”。
2.四单个:一座山[?],一朵花[?],一个[e],一个[a:]
二、辅音成对记忆法:将辅音分成十对和八个单个,帮助记忆。
1.十对
爆破组 摩擦组 破擦组
[p] [b] [f] [v] [ts] [dz]
[t] [d] [θ] [e] [tr] [dr]
[k] [g] [s] [z] [t?] [d?]
[?] [?]
记忆口诀: 十对的辅音清、浊成对,每对的发音部位相同。
2.八单个:[m] [n] [?] [j] [w] [r] [l] [h]
记忆口诀:三鼻音[m] [n] [n], 两半元[w] [j] , 一个[r],一个[l],还有一个[h]。
音节
一、定义:一个元音音素(双元音为一个音素)为一个音节。
1、[ai] [n?u] [st?nd] [ti:t?] 均为单音节。
2、['mi:t?] ['reiz?] 均为双音节。
3、['s?u??list] [repri'zent?tiv]均为多音节。
二、音节的划分:
1、每两个元音之间有一个辅音,该辅音归后。如:['mi:t?] ['reiz?]
2、每两个元音之间有两个辅音,则前后各一个。如:['men??nd] ['f?ktri]
3、每两个元音之间有三个及以上的辅音,依次读出其本身的发音即可。如:
['empti]
简记为:一归后,二分手。
试读:[steid] ['a:ft?] ['men??nd] ['f?ktri] ['s?u??list] [repri'zent?tiv]
三、开、闭、r音节:
1、开音节,又分绝对开音节和相对开音节。
绝对开音节:以发音的元音字母结尾的音节。如:no,we.she。
相对开音节:以元音字母+辅音字母(r除外)+不发音的e结尾的音节。如:these,those,page,life,use。
2、闭音节:以一个或几个辅音字母(r除外)结尾,而中间只有一个元音字母的音节。如:bad,desk,sit,long。
3、,元音字母+r,即 ar er ir or ur
4、元音字母在重读开音节、重读闭音节和r读音节中的读音。
元音字母在重读音节中的读音
字母 开音节 例词 闭音节 例词 r音节 例词
A [ei] name [?] bag [a:] car
E [i:] these [e] pen [?:] her
I [ai] bike [i] his [?:] girl
O [?u] no, note [?] not [?:] for
U [ju:] student [?] bus [?:] nurse
由上表可见:元音字母在重读的开音节中就读字母本身的音。(注意:一切规律都不能包罗万象,如,不符合此规律的词有come, love 等等)
句子成分与句子
第一章 句子成分
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。英语句子主要成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、状语、补足语和定语。
1、主语
主语是一个句子的主体,是句子所要说明的人或事情,表示句子描述的是“谁”“什么”。主语一般位于陈述句句首,但在there be结构中主语位于谓语后面。
能作主语的有名词类(含代词、数词);非谓语(含不定式、ing 分词)、从句。
1)名词类
Professor Smith is a famous scientist.史密斯教授是著名的科学家。
We often speak English in class.我们经常在课堂上说英语。
One-third of the students in this class are girls.这个班1/3的学生是女生。
2) 非谓语
To master a foreign language is necessary.掌握一门外语是必要的。
Smoking does harm to the health.吸烟有害健康。
3)从句
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided yet.
我们什么时候进行英语测验还没有决定。
Whether he’ll join us in the discussion is of great importance.
他是否参加我们的讨论是很重要的。
2、谓语
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。只有动词在句中才能作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
1)简单谓语
由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:
He practices running every morning.他每天早晨练习跑步。
Yesterday afternoon he reached China.昨天下午他到达桂林。
2)复合谓语
(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成
You may keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周。
You’d better not take the magazine out of the reading-room.
你最好不要把这本杂志拿出阅览室。
He has caught a bad cold.He has to go to see a doctor.
他患了重感冒,必须去看医生。
3、表语
表语用来说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。
能作表语的有名词类(含代词、数词);形容词;非谓语动词(含分词、不定式、动名词;介词短语、副词及从句。
1)名词
He is an astronaut.他是一位宇航员。
2)形容词
The weather has turned cold.天气变冷了。
3) 非谓语动词
My job is to teach English. 我的工作是教英语。
The speech is exciting.这演讲激动人心。
His hobby is playing football.他的爱好是踢足球。
The teacher was pleased with my spoken English.老师对我的英语口语很满意。
4)介词短语
The machine must be out of order.这机器一定出毛病了。
He is against our plan.他反对我们的计划。
5)副词
Time is up.The class is over.时间到了,下课。
My father isn’t in.He is out.我父亲不在家,他出去了。
6)从句
The truth is that he has never been abroad.实际情况是他从未出过国。
What I want to know is when we’ll have the sports meet.
我想知道的是我们什么时候开运动会。
4、宾语
宾语表示及物动作的对象或承受者,用于回答谓语“谁”和“什么”,一般位于及物动词后面。但英语介词后也要求用宾语。
可充当宾语的内容和主语一样。
1)名词类
They went to see an exhibition yesterday.他们昨天去看了展览。
We should learn from him.我们应该向他学习。
2)非谓语类(不定式、ing 分词)
He pretended not to see me.他假装没有看见我。
She didn’t know what to do next.她不知道下一步做什么。
I enjoy listening to popular music.我喜欢听流行音乐。
3)从句
I think(that)he is fit for his office.我认为他称职。
He asked me whose pronunciation was the best in the class.
他问我班上谁的发音最好。
5、补语
补语用于补充说明主语或宾语。补语通常由形容词、名词或其他相当的结构担任。补语可分为宾语补足语和主语补足语。
1)宾语补足语:
The government appointed her chief delegate to the conference.
政府任命她为出席那个会议的代表团团长。(名词)
He doesn’t believe the story true.
他不相信这故事是真的。 (形容词)
The doctor advised her to stay in bed for a week.
医生建议她卧床休息一周。 (不定式)
They saw her walking into the bookstore.
他们看见她进书店了。 (分词短语)
The children saw the kite up and up.
孩子们看到风筝越飞越高。 (副词)
You should put your books in order.
你应该把书摆整齐。 (介词短语)
2)主语补足语:含宾语补足语的句子改成被动语态时,原宾语和宾语补足语便分别成为主语和主语补足语。
We found him working in the office.(在此主动句子中working是宾补)
我们发现他正在办公室工作。
He was found working in the office.(在此被动句子中working是主补)
他被发现在办公室工作。
6、定语
用来修饰、说明、限定名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
可充当定语的有形容词;非谓语类(含不定式,ing 分词和ed 分词);名词类(含代词、数词、名词所有格);介词短语、副词和从句。
单个词作定语通常位于所修饰的词之前,但短语、从句作定语时通常位于所修饰的词之后。
1)形容词
Guilin is a beautiful city.桂林是一座美丽的城市。
A bright future shines before us.光明的未来展现在我们眼前。
2) 非谓语类
The building to be built next year will be our school.
明年要建的那幢楼将是我们的学校。
China is a developing country;America is a developed country.
中国是一个发展中国家,美国是一个发达国家。
3)名词类
There are thirty women teachers in our schoo1.我们学校有30名女教师。
More than thirty students in our class have read the book.
我们班三十多个学生读过这本书。
Mary’s parents have gone abroad.玛丽的父母出国了。
4) 介词短语
He is reading an article about how to learn English.
他正在读一篇有关如何学习英语的文章。
Who is the girl in red? 穿红衣服的那个姑娘是谁?
5)副词(多位于被修饰词之后)
A noise outside made him turn around.外面的喧闹声使他转过身来。
The man in the room below is friendly.楼下房间的那人很友好。
6)从句
There is nothing that worries him.没有什么事使他烦恼。
I will remember the day when I first met her.
我将记住第一次遇见她的那一天。
7、状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。
可充当状语的主要有副词、介词短语、非谓语类和从句。
1)副词
Light travels most quickly.光传播得最快。
Factories and buildings are seen here and there.
到处都能见到工厂和建筑物。
2)介词短语
He has lived in the city for ten years.他在那座城市住了10年了。
In spite of the difficulties,we went on with our work.
尽管有困难,但是我们仍继续工作。
3)非谓语类
The box is too heavy for me to lift.这个箱子太重,我抬不起。
He is in the room making a model plane.他在房间里做一架飞机模型。
Not knowing what to do,he decided to ask the teacher for advice.
他不知道怎么办好,就去问老师。
Encouraged by the teacher,I made up my mind to learn English well.
在老师的鼓励下,我决心把英语学好。
4)从句
Once you begin,you must continue.一旦开始,你就得继续下去。
I must work harder in order that I may catch up with the others.
为了赶上其他人,我必须更努力学习。
状语的种类
1)时间状语
How about meeting again at six? 6:00再见面怎样?
2)原因状语
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.
由于下雨,她昨晚没有去参加舞会。
3)条件状语
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.如果不下雨,我将到那里去。
As(So)long as you work hard,you can make rapid progress in English.
只要你努力,你就可以在英语方面取得很快的进步。
4)地点状语
Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.史密斯先生住在3楼。
Where there is water,there is life.有水的地方,就有生命。
5)方式状语
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.
她小心地把鸡蛋放在篮子里。
He has greatly improved his spoken English by this means.
他用这种方式极大地改善了他的英语口语。
6)伴随状语
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.她进来时手里拿着一本字典。
The teacher came in, followed by a group of students.
老师走了进来,后面跟着一群学生。
7)目的状语
In order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.
为了赶上其他人,我必须更努力学习。
I went there to see a friend of mine.我去那里看我的一个朋友。
8)结果状语
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.他累极了,立刻就睡着了。
We arrived there only to find an empty room.
我们到了那儿只发现了一个空房间。
9)让步状语
She works very hard though she is old.
虽然她年纪大了,但她仍然十分努力工作。
No matter when you come,you are warmly welcomed.
不管你什么时候来,都欢迎。
10)程度状语
They were greatly moved to hear the hero’s story.
听了英语的故事,他们深受感动。
I quite agree with you.我完全同意你的意见。
11)比较状语
I am taller than he is.我比他高。
The more I speak English,the better I’ll be.我越多讲英语,就讲得越好。
句子成分练习
指出下列句中画线部分的词性及在句中的作用
1. Tonight we have something special for dinner.
2. a. Thank you for years of your valuable service
b. She keeps her jewels, money and other valuables in the bank
3. He is a very fine musician.
4. a. The farmer enjoys the beauty of the long stretch of his land.
b. My wool sweater stretched when I washed.
5. a. I had a sharp pain in my back.
b. The meeting starts at 3 o’clock sharp.
6. a. Sound travels at 1,000 feet per second.
b. Your idea sounds a good one.
c. Old as Mary is,she still enjoys sound health
7. a. Father booked three seats on a plane.
b. Tom bought the tickets at the booking office outside the cinema.
8. a. On his way home he bought some apples at fruit stand.
b. The injured driver can hardly stand the pain any longer
c .This book stands high in my opinion.
9. To construct a reservoir is an important government project
10. a. Lovely Christmas presents are placed on the floor around a tree.
b. When George left office, the director presented him with a silver teapot.
c. We learn from the past, experience the present, and hope for success in the future.
第二章 句子
第一节 简单句
简单句的五种基本句型
英语句子的主要特征是:是句子就必须含有主、谓。英语简单句有以下五种基本句型。
1.主语+系动词+表语(简称,主系表)
系动词+表语构成名词性合成谓语;可作表语的有名词、名词所有格、代词主格或宾格、名词性物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、形容词、副词、数词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、动名词、动词不定式和从句等。
She is a student.(名词)她是个学生。
He seems a clever boy.他似乎是个聪明的男孩。
She looks like her mother.(介词短语)她样子象她母亲。
The film is moving.(现在分词)这影片令人感动。
This shirt is not yours,but hers.(名词性物主代词)
这件衬衫不是你的,是她的。
2.主语+不及物动词(简称,主谓)
The sun rises.太阳升起来了。
He has just come.他刚来。
3.主语+及物动词+宾语(简称,主谓宾)
We love our motherland.我们热爱祖国。
she reads newspapers after supper.她晚饭后读报。
I like swimming.我喜欢游泳。
Li Ping wants to be a doctor.李平想当医生。
4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(简称,主谓双宾)
直接宾语和间接宾语又叫双宾语。直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人。二者没有逻辑的主谓关系。要求跟双宾语的动词可分为两类:
(1)give,show,send,pass,hand,lend,post,serve,read,take,write,tell,teach.return,wish,allow,offer,promise,throw等。(sth. to sb.)
I lent her a novel.= I lent a novel to her. 我借给她一本小说。
Please show her your photos.= Please show your photos to her.
请把你的照片给她看看。
(2)buy,do, make,find,build, choose,cut,draw, earn,gather,paint,pick, prepare get,order,sing,spare等。(sth. for sb.)
Her mother bought her a red skirt.
= Her mother bought a red skirt for her.
她母亲给她买了一条红裙子。
Please do me a favor.= Please do a favor for me. 请帮个忙。
5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补(简称,主谓复合宾)
有些动词带一个宾语意思不完整,还需要一个宾语补足语进一步说明,意思才完整。宾语+宾语补足语构成复合宾语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑的主谓关系。双宾语之间则没有逻辑的主谓关系。
可作宾语补足语的词类有:名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词和介词短语。
常见的要求带宾补的动词有:make,elect,choose,call,name,leave,find, keep, think, set, let,see,show,ask,tell,invite,want,wish,advise,get,force,oblige,allow,permit,like,encourage,order,expect,prefer,hate,persuade等。
Her parents named her Mary.(名词)父母给她取名玛丽。
Do you find life hard here?(形容词)你感觉这儿的生活艰苦吗?
I’m so glad I found you in.(副词)我很高兴你在家。
I strongly advised him not to do so.(不定式)我竭力劝他不要这样做。
Suddenly I felt the atmosphere grow tense.
(不带to 的不定式)我突然感到气氛紧张起来。
I noticed him leaving the house.(-ing形式)我注意到他离开房子。
I was glad to see them so well treated.
(-ed形式)看到他们受到这样好的待遇,我很高兴。
另外,有些动词要求用it作形式宾语,名词或形容词作宾补,如:make,find,feel,think.
I feel it necessary to speak about my opinion.
(形容词)我觉得有必要谈谈我的意见。
思考题
1、什么叫双宾语?
2、什么叫复合宾语?
3、双宾语和复合宾语有什么区别?举例说明。
练习题:说出系列各句分别是哪种句型;如果含有宾补,请划出作宾补的词语。
1、The old man stopped to watch the children playing.
2、She is deeply moved.
3、What I want is this.
4、She is out.
5、Her job is looking after the children.
6、I hope that you can often write me letters.
7、Allow me a few minutes to read the magazine.
8、She offered an old man her seat.
9、She wrote a letter to me.(她写了封信给我。)
10、She wrote a letter for me.(她替我写了封信。)
11、How do you find the dish?
12、Please ask them upstairs.
13、Will you allow me to take this magazine home?
14、I’ve never seen you look so well before.
15、He kept you wait a long time.
16、They invited me to attend the party.
17、They made Smith the president of the University.
18、Doctors recognize Johnson as a leading authority.
19、His teacher advised him to take up the piano.
20、He gave me the facts in brief
第二节 并列句
并列句包括两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简单句。其结构为“简单句+连词+简单句”或中间由“;”连接。
1、表示延续、并列关系的连词有and(同,和),so(所以,因此),for, therefore(因为,所以),not only…but(also)(不仅……而且),neither…nor(既不……也不)等。如:
We help them and they help us.
我们帮助他们,他们帮助我们。
He has been working hard, so he has made much progress recently.
他一直努力工作,所以他近来取得了很大进步。
I think,therefore I exist.
我思故我在。
She not only writes her own plays, but she also acts in them.
她不仅自己编剧本,还饰演其中的角色。
He neither speaks English, nor understands it.
他既不会讲英语,也听不懂英语。
2、表示两者之间选择其一常用的有or(或者,否则),otherwise(否则),or else(否则),either…or(不是……就是)。如:
Either he is to blame or I am.
不是他该受责,就是我该受责。
You must go to work or/or else/otherwise you’ll lose your job.
你得去上班了,要不然就要失去这份工作了。
3、表示转折关系的并列连词有but(但是),yet(然而),still(仍然),however(然而),while(而,可是另一方面),whereas(而,反过来)等。
He is well over seventy, but he doesn’t look at all old.
他七十多岁,但看上去一点儿也不老。
She trained hard all year, yet she still failed to reach her best form.
她全年艰苦训练,然而仍未达到自己的最佳状态。
I drink black coffee while he prefers it with cream
我爱喝清咖啡而他喜欢加奶油的。
第三节 复合句
复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。从句包括名词性从句(主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句)、状语从句和定语从句。 如:
What he said is true. 他所说的是真的。(主语从句)
I didn’t hear what he had said. 我没听见他说的什么。(宾语从句)
The question is who will go there. 问题是谁愿意去那里。(表语从句)
I was about to leave,when the telephone rang.
我正准备离开,电话响了。(状语从句)
This is the book that I bought yesterday. 这是我昨天买的书。(定语从句)
名词性从句、状语从句和定语从句三大从句的具体用法下面我们要分别具体解释。
练习:判断下列句子是并列句还是复合句。
1. The wind blew hard; the snow fell heavily.
2. Use your head,and you’11 find the answer.
3. Do what you’ve been told,otherwise you will be punished.
4. Would you like a cup of coffee or shall we get down to business right away?
5. He is strong,while his brother is weak.
6. He got up early,(and)yet he failed to catch the early bus.
7. He knew what he wanted,however,he didn’t know how to get it.
8. Why he didn’t come wasn’t quite clear.
9. When we’ll have the sports meet hasn’t been decided yet.
10. She is weak, while his son is strong.
11. Though he is old,(yet)he works very hard.
12. I really believe(that)Tom was telling the truth.
13. I am sure that we can get there on time.
14. Do you know the man who is talking to Mr. Jack?
15. Where there is a will, there is a way.
16. Spring comes and trees turn green.
17. He doesn’t smoke,neither/nor does his brother.
18. I spoke so slowly that I could make myself understood.
第四节 名词性从句
一、 定义
首先,请同学们说出下列句各中划线词的词性及语法作用。
Mary is a teacher.
I like English.
结论:它们都是名词,在句中分别做主语、表语和宾语。即在英语中名词的主要作用是做主语、表语和宾语。
然后,我们一起分析下列各句中划线部分的语法作用。
That Mary is a teacher is known to us all.
I know that Mary is a teacher.
The fact is that Mary is a teacher.
结论:它们分别做主语、宾语和表语。均起到了一个名词的作用。再者,划线部分本身就是一个句子,故在复合句中起名词作用的从句统称名词性从句。
二、分类
请重读上述例句并依据它们在全句中的作用,说出它们具体的从句名称。
That Mary is a teacher is known to us all.
I know that Mary is a teacher.
The fact is that Mary is a teacher.
结论:在复合句中起主语作用的从句称为主语从句;
起____作用的从句称为宾语从句;
起表语作用的从句称为____从句;
名词性从句分三类:主语从句;宾语从句和表语从句。
三、连词
引导名词性从句的引导词有三类:
1. that
2. whether/if(主要用于引导主语从句和宾语从句);as if(主要用于引导表语从句)
3. who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how.
主语从句
that引导的主语从句
That he will come tomorrow is certain.
That she became monitor made us happy.
英文中有一种习惯,把that 引导的主语从句用it来代替它,即it做形式主语,把做真正主语的主语从句放在主句之后。如:
That he will come tomorrow is certain.
=It is certain that he will come tomorrow. 再例:
It is necessary that we learn English well.
It is a pity that we can’t go shopping.
It is said that he has been to England.
whether引导的主语从句
Whether she will be our teacher is not clear.
=It is not clear whether she will be our teacher.
Whether he will succeed or not doesn’t interest me.
=It doesn’t interest me whether he will succeed or not.
wh-词和how 引导的主语从句
(who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why均以wh开头,故统称wh-词)
Who will be our English teacher has not been decided.
What you have said sounds reasonable.
注意:1. that在主语从句中不起任何语法作用,但不能省略。
2. if 不能引导主语从句。
宾语从句
它可以作动词谓语的宾语,也可作非谓语动词、某些介词和某些形容词的宾语。
that引导的宾语从句
I really believe(that)Tom was telling the truth.
I am sure that we can get there on time.
由that引起的宾语从句在意思上相当于陈述句,此时that常可省去,但在以下几种情况下,that不可省。
1)that从句被短语,词组等与谓语动词分隔开时,that不可省。
They told us once again that this should never happen.
(此句中that引导的宾语从句被词组once again与主句隔开,因此that不可省。)
Everyone could see,I believe, that Mike was terrified.
(句中I believe为插入语,故that不可省)
2)当连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,第二个从句及以后的连接词that不可省。
She said(that)her mother had gone abroad and that she would come back in a week.
whether,if 引导的宾语从句
I don,t know if/whether he has ever been to New York.
I wonder whether he can speak German or not.
以上例句中的whether和if(是否)都是引导宾语从句的,一般情况下whether,和if可互换。但在下列情况下whether和if不可换用。
1)whether之后可紧跟or not或构成whether.. .or not结构,if后一般不能紧跟or not,但可构成if...or not结构.
I wonder whether/if Mr.Smith has arrived or not.
I wonder whether or not Mr.Smith has arrived.(不可用if代替)
2)当宾语从句是否定句时,只可用if而不可用whether。
I don’t care if she doesn’t smile.
3)当该宾语从句为介词宾语时,只可用whether而不可用if.
I’m not interested in whether you are against the proposal or not.
4)当宾语从句中出现了并列连词or构成的并列结构时,只可用whether而不可用if.
He asked me whether I was a student or a teacher.
wh-词和how 引导的宾语从句
I can’t imagine why he did that thing.
Please tell me where you went yesterday.
注意:1. 整个复合句是疑问句时,其中的宾语从句应用陈述句的语序。
2. 当主句的谓语动词是过去时态时,宾语从句的谓语应用过去相应的时态。(表示真理的和客观事实的除外)
表语从句
that引导的表语从句
The reason was that he fell ill.
My idea is that we should spend our holiday in Qingdao.
as if 引导的表语从句
The question is whether it is worth doing.
It looks as if it is going to rain.
wh-词和how 引导的表语从句
Is this where he was born?
The important thing is what on earth has happened to him.
The question is who will go there.
思考题
1.主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句为什么统称为名词性从句?
2.that 引导主语从句和宾语从句有什么异同?
3.whether 和if 在引导名词性从句时的区别是什么?
4.在宾语从句中,哪几种情况that不能省略?在语序和时态方面应注意什么?
练习:
一、找出下列各复合句中的从句并说明是什么从句,且口译全句。
1. It is a wonder that he should know so much about this matter.
2. I’m sure that you are the tallest man in the world.
3. We are afraid that the trip will be too much for an old man.
4. It doesn’t make much difference whether they come or not.
5. Whether or not he is your friend doesn’t too much.
6. Where she has gone is not known yet.
7. You may take whatever you like.
8. He told me where he had been.
9. I know when we will take off for London.
10. How he became a three-good student is known to us a11.
11. Why he didn’t come wasn’t quite clear.
12. It happened that they went out when I called.
13. When we’11 have the sports meet hasn’t been decided yet.
14. Whom the teacher will praise in class is an important question.
15. I’m sorry that I didn’t recognize you just now.
16. We are glad that none of you failed in this exam.
17. He said that he would call on his old teacher.
18. I heard that some of the old teachers in our school had retired.
19. I want to know what has happened to her.
20. Whose answer is correct will be discussed at the meeting.
21. Which composition is the best will be decided tomorrow.
22. I was surprised at what you said.
23. Did he say anything about how the work was to be done?
24. The question is whether it worth doing.
25. The reason is that he fell ill.
二、单项选择
1.Can you tell me_____?
A. who is that gentleman B.that gentleman is who
C. who that gentleman is D.whom is that gentleman
2.Can you tell me _____ the railway station?
A, how I can get to B. how can I get to
C. where I can get to D.where can I get to
3.Ask her _____ come with me.
A. if she will B.if will she
C.whether will she D.will she
4. I have no idea _____ far the airport is from here.
A.what B. how C.it’s D.that
5.They have no idea at all ______ .
A. where he has gone B.where did he go
C. which place has he gone D.where has he gone
6._____ he said is true.
A. What B.That C.Which D.Whether
7._____ you have done might do harm to other people.
A.That B. What C.Which D.This
8.They want to know _____ do to help us.
A. what can they B. what they can
C. how they can D.how can they
9. These photographs will show you ______.
A.what does our village look like B. what our village looks like
C.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like
10. _____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone B.The person C. Whoever D.Who
11. _____ we need more practice is quite clear.
A.When B.What C. That D./
l2. _____ I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business
A.If B. Whether C. Even if D.No matter when
13._____ he is doing seems quite difficult.
A.How B.That C.Which D. What
14. ______ that there is another good harvest this year.
A.It says B. It is said C.I was said D.He was said
15. It is suggested that a new building_____.
A. be built at once B. should build next year
C.would be built at once D. could be built next year
16.It is suggested that the experiment _____ under low temperature.
A.makes B.is making C. should be made D.will be made
17._____ was quite helpful.
A. What they advised me to do B.That they advised me to do
C. What did they advise me to do D.All what they advised me to do
18._____ still needs to be discussed.
A. How is the plan to be carried out B. How the plan is to be carried out
C. Why is the plan carried out D. Why the plan is carried out
19.The question is _____ we’11 overcome all the difficulties.
A.what B. how C.that D.which
20.Shanghai is no longer the same city _____ .
A. as it used to be B.what it used to be
C. as it is used to being D.that it used to be
21.Is it possible _____ he misunderstood _____ I said?
A.that, that B. what, what
C.what, that D. that, what
22.He thought _____ he might fail in the exam worried him.
A.which B. that C.when D.so that
23.The fact is ____ he is an advanced worker.
A.what B.which C. that D.why
24.I have no idea _____.
A. what does the word“infinity”mean
B. what the word“infinity”means
C. what the meaning of word the“infinity”
D. what the word“infinity”mean
25.I wonder _____ he asked such a silly question in public.
A.how B.what C.that D. why
26.Are you sure _____?
A. whether she is honest B.that she is honesty
C. she is honest D.is she honest
27.He _____ you are not going abroad.
A.surprised that B. is surprised that
C.surprised at D. is surprised whether
28. What I said was wrong in the last letter for you.I wish I ______ it back.
A. could take B. would take C.will take D.take
浏览量:3
下载量:0
时间: