为您找到与怎样提高考研英语阅读速度相关的共200个结果:
阅读能力包括两个方面:阅读速度和理解语篇的准确度。阅读速度是阅读量增加的基本保证。阅读训练每天需要保持一定的常量,大约是SSP《上海中学生英语报》或“China Daily”“21st Century—School Edition”(《中国日报》,21st世纪中学生版一个版面左右),或者四到五篇短文。每分钟阅读80~100词,逐渐提高到每分钟阅读130词,且准确率在70~80%以上。阅读能力的提高有赖于实现从量变到质变,关键在于多看和多思考。 扩大知识面,了解语篇文化背景只有通过接触大量的阅读,才能了解英语国家的文化(风土人情、传统习俗、生活方式、文化艺术、行为规范和价值观念等),语言在传播文化时起着极重要的媒介作用,包括跨学科知识。 丰富的文化背景知识有助于对语篇的深层理解与把握,可以增补语篇没有明确表达出来的细节。文化的融入及语言能力的培养应通过多种方式进行。在接触社会的过程中,关心身边事,能看懂广告,学会生活,以便了解英语国家的文化习俗和世界科技发展,来提高自己的综合素质。 接触多种语篇体裁,培养综合能力在阅读过程中,应多接触不同体裁的文章,以及英语报刊、杂志、小说等。从中体会到不同体裁语篇的本质特征和主要特点,从各方面培养逻辑思维、分析问题和解决问题的能力、判断和综合能力。提倡多开展课外阅读。 熟知语篇结构,了解作者意图语篇结构是语篇内容、文体风格和语言特色的中枢。 由于近年来高考语篇结构趋于复杂,有效信息深藏不露,坡度与难度都增大,对考生的综合能力的要求相对提高。在教师的指导下,学会掌握篇章结构能力,即:把握文章的整体,理清脉络,形成良好的知识网络。此外,还包括语篇的表层结构和深层含义,从而推断出语篇的主旨大意、作者的观点、写作意图和价值观。同时,还要把握住关键词,找准获取语言信息的切入点。 掌握阅读技巧,提高阅读能力在阅读中,必须具备运用阅读技巧来弥补语篇中所缺的信息,换言之,就是运用阅读技巧来理解语篇字面上和字里行间所传递的信息的能力。在阅读过程中,针对不同题型,运用不同的阅读技巧,如: ■合理使用略读、跳读和扫读等阅读技巧,培养良好的阅读习惯。 ■猜测词义分根据上下文、同义词、反义词、定语从句等进行。在阅读时切忌查词典。其一,影响速度;其二,时读时查,看看停停,不利于理解文章的信息内容。 ■ 依据文中事实或利用关键词或句,推断主旨大意、句子的意义和归纳主题思想等。 ■带着问题直接寻找答案。如:2004年英语高考阅读A 篇,只要看懂问题就一定能在购物广告中寻找到答案,这样能节省大量的时间,目的性强,达到事半功倍的效果。
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阅读理解是语言学习中最重要的基本技能之一,阅读是获取语言知识最直接、最有效的方法,阅读能力则是衡量掌握语言综合能力的一项重要标志。学习阅读,学会阅读,提高英语阅读能力,是最终掌握英语,提高整体英语水平的必由之路。英语专业八级考试中也设立了阅读理解部分,而且阅读部分在整个考试中占相当大的比重,该部分的得分直接影响到整个考试的成败,因此无论是教师还是考生都对此非常重视。八级考试中的阅读理解部分主要是依据国家教委批准的《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》中对英语阅读教学内容和要求的规定,运用科学的测试手段,检验英语专业学生对于高级英语阅读能力和技巧的掌握,从而检查各有关院校对于大纲规定的教学内容和教学要求的完成和执行情况。
不必去记无关紧要的词句,却要记住作者意图及内容实质。
8.学会运用多种形式的学习法,不断提高阅读速度。
9.经常训练自己的阅读能力,便能巩固已经取得的成果。
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阅读理解是考研英语的重中之重,与四六级对阅读速度的侧重有所不同,考研英语阅读理解更多地是考查精读能力。因此,把文章读透吃透很重要,同时在做题过程中要拿捏好分寸,在判断正确选项时做到不偏不倚,客观、准确、公正。这才是做好2016考研英语阅读理解的正确之道。
如果时间紧张,考生一般可以将重要的句子划出来,标记出关键信息,但切记不要划的太多,否则连自己都不知道哪个是重点句子了。
阅读是考研英语的“重头戏”,也是考生需要花费最多的时间和精力的模块,建议大家要在基础阶段就开始投入阅读文章的学习和训练,切实提高阅读理解能力。预祝大家备考顺利,fighting!
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阅读涉及到快速阅读(Fast reading)和仔细阅读(Read in depth)两种考查类型。其中仔细阅读又包括传统的篇章阅读和选词填空两种形式。那么接下来,读文网小编则侧重篇章阅读这种题型给广大考生一些备考建议。 篇章阅读归纳下来主要考查我们提练主题和精确定位信息的能力。
不同的题目的指向是不同的,同时对考生的思维方向的要求是不同的。比如,考文章大意的题目实际上是考大家的归纳推理能力,而考细节的题目更多的是考察同学的英语阅读能力。有的题目只需在原文中找到相关定位即可,有的题目则要求我们对全文或者某一段落的内容全面掌握。我建议大家平时复习时可以自己去归纳总结或体会不同题目的不同做法。当然,现在的培训机构会给同学们分类,大家也可以不妨试试,提高自己的复习效率。
总之,分析出自己的问题出在哪再对症下药,这样复习起来既有效率又有效果,但是英语的提高不是一个短时间可以突飞猛进的事儿,所以还得需要各位考生平时多勤奋,因为六级对于大家而言只是人生面临的诸多关卡之一,相信同学们一定能将六级考试踩在自己的脚下。
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在英语四六级考试中,阅读理解占据的比重大且相对于其他部分来说也容易得分,所以从阅读理解开始突破是最快捷的提分方式,本文就大家如何在阅读理解部分突破高分给出的一些指导意见,希望对考生有所帮助。
If your author is a good author, he or she will begin each paragraph with a key statement that tells you what that paragraph is about. By reading only the first sentence, you can determine if the paragraph has information you need to know.
如果作者够水准的话,他/她在每段的开头都会交代一下该段所的大概内容。只要读每段的第一句话,你就能够判断出该段有没有你想了解的信息了。
If you're reading literature, this still applies, but know that you may miss details that enrichthe story. When the language in literature is artful, I would choose to read every word
如果你读的是文学作品的话,这个方法依然适用。不过要知道,这样的话你可能会错过很多用于丰富故事的细节。如果所读的文学作品妙语连珠的话,我会选择逐字逐句地拜读。
一段的最后一句话也应该会包含有关这段材料的重要性的线索。段末一句话一般来说有2个功能-总结一下所表达的思想;为下一段作过渡。
当浏览过段首及段末的两句话后,如果你觉得这段内容值得你去读,你也不必逐字通读。眼睛快速扫描每行文字,寻找词组和关键词。你的大脑会自动帮你补全那些跳过的文字的。
忽略诸如it,to,a,an,and,be等“小词”-这些词你太熟悉了。(在阅读过程中,)你并不需要他们。你的大脑会自动识别这些小词的。
在以词组为单位进行阅读时,注意寻找要点。有关于文章中研究对象的关键词,可能你在事先已做到心中有数了。在阅读过程中,这些关键词会在你眼前跳出来。多花点时间在那些要点附近的材料上。
我知道,大家从小就被教导不要往书上乱写。对于有些书应该是这样的,但教科书是用来学习的,可以在空白的地方记下一些重要的想法和心得。如果能让你感觉更舒服的话,你可以用铅笔来记,更可以买些可粘贴的小便签,在上面记些短小的笔记,然后贴到书页上。到复习的时候,只要浏览一遍你的便签便可。
If you're renting your textbooks, make sure you understand the rules.
如果你的教科书是借来的,一定要懂规矩哦。
1 Use all the tools provided -- lists, bullets, sidebars.
Use all the tools the author provides -- lists, bullets, sidebars, anything extra in the margins. Authors usually pull out key points for special treatment. They're clues to important information. Use them all. Besides, lists are usually easier to remember.
对于作者使用的写作表现形式(如列表,文字前面作为强调的圆形符号,栏框等所有在空白处额外体现的东西),要加以充分利用。作者通常会把关键点拎出来加以特别处理。这些表现形式都是寻找重要信息的线索,一定要充分利用。此外,列表也通常更容易记。
2 Take notes for practice tests.
When you read something you know will show up on a test, write it down in the form of a question. Note the page number beside it so you can check your answers if necessary.
当读到一些你认为会在考试中出现的知识点时,把它以问题的形式记下来。在问题边上写下答案所在的页码,以便在必要时查看答案。
Keep a list of these key questions and you'll have written your own practice test.
把这些重要问题列在一起,你就可以进行自我模考了。
3 Read with good posture.
Reading with good posture helps you read longer and stay awake longer. Give your body a break. Sit in a healthy way and you'll last a lot longer.
阅读时保持一个良好的姿势能够让你更长时间地,清醒地进行阅读。让你的身体放松,保持健康的坐姿,你便能更长时间地看书了。
Much as I love to read in bed, it puts me to sleep. If reading puts you to sleep, too, don't read lying down.
我虽然喜欢躺在床上看书,但这也总是令我很快陷入昏昏欲睡的境地。如果你也是这样的话,那就不要躺着看书了。
4 Practice, practice, practice.
Reading fast takes practice, practice, practice. Practice makes all the difference.
要实现阅读速读的提高,你必须进行一而再,再而三的反复实践练习。熟能生巧,实践出真知。
Pretty soon you'll be reading faster without even realizing it.
相信很快,你就能在不知不觉中提高阅读速读啦!
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在全国硕士研究生入学英语考试中,阅读理解试题在整个试卷中占很大比重,其重要程度不言而喻。想要提高英语阅读能力,最好的办法就是多看多练。为了提高大家的阅读水平,下面是读文网小编为大家带来考研英语阅读美文欣赏,希望大家喜欢!
A study suggests that a woman’s blood group could influence her chances of getting pregnant.
一项研究显示,女性的血型可能会影响她受孕的机会。
Researchers who tested a group of women seeking fertility treatment found those with the blood type O appeared to have a lower egg count and poorer egg quality than others. By contrast those with blood type A seemed to have more and better quality eggs.
研究人员对正在寻求生育治疗的一组妇女进行研究,发现"O型血"妇女的卵子数量要比其他血型的妇女要少,而且质量也不如其他血型妇女。相反,"A型血"妇女似乎有更多、质量更好的卵子。
The findings could lead to women with type O blood being advised to try for a baby earlier, but experts said more research was needed before such a step was taken.
这一发现可能会帮助"O型血"妇女接受建议,尝试更多办法,更早的怀上小孩。但是专家说在采取这样的方式之前,还需进行更多的研究。
The lead author, Dr Edward Nejat, of the department of obstetrics and gynaecology at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, said his findings were based on women having fertilitytreatment at the Yale University and the Montefiore Institute in New York.
研究领导者、纽约阿尔波特?爱因斯坦医学院妇产科系爱德华?奈加特教授说,他的调查是对正在耶鲁大学和纽约蒙特菲奥里研究所接受生育治疗的妇女进行研究而来的。
The study of 560 women, whose average age was just under 35, found that those with blood type O were more likely to have higher levels of “follicle stimulating hormone” (FSH) than those with type A.
接受调查研究的560位女性平均年龄在35岁以下,研究发现"O型血"妇女的卵泡刺激素(FSH)的数值比"A型血"妇女要高。
Fertility experts regard a high FSH level as a key indicator of having a low egg count. FSH is produced by the body to stimulate the follicles in the ovaries that produce eggs.
生育专家将卵泡刺激素的数值作为重要指标来衡量女性体内卵子数量,数值高则卵子数量少。卵泡刺激素由体内产生,以刺激卵巢中的卵泡产生卵子。
As a woman’s ovaries run out of eggs in her 30s and 40s, production therefore has to be stepped up to encourage more eggs. The presence of high levels of FSH indicates lower numbers of eggs.
处于30岁到40岁之间的女性,她们的卵巢可能就不再产生卵子,所以需要通过(其他方法刺激)让其产生更多卵子。高数值卵泡刺激素则意味着更少的卵子。
The study found that women with blood type O were twice as likely to have an FSH level above 10 as those in any other blood group.
研究发现,"O型血"妇女体内的卵泡刺激素数值很可能是其他血型妇女的两倍,数值在10以上。
People with blood group A carry the A antigen, a protein on the cell surface, that is absent in people with O type.
"A型血"人群体内携带A血型抗原、一种细胞表面的蛋白质,这种蛋白质在"O型血"人群中是没有的。
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在全国硕士研究生入学英语考试中,阅读理解试题在整个试卷中占很大比重,其重要程度不言而喻。想要提高英语阅读能力,最好的办法就是多看多练。为了提高大家的阅读水平,下面是读文网小编为大家带来考研英语美文阅读欣赏,希望大家喜欢!
Humans are not the only species to prefer to use their right hand-chimpanzees also share the trait, according to a new study by Spanish scientists.
根据西班牙科学家的一项最新研究显示,人类并不是唯一偏好用右手的物种,大猩猩和人类一样具备这个特点。
The researchers reached their findings, published in the latest edition of the American Journal of Primatology, after observing 114 chimpanzees from two primate rescue centers, one in Spain and the other in Zambia.
这项最新研究发表在美国期刊《灵长类动物学》上。科学家们是通过对两个灵长类动物救助中心里的114 只大猩猩进行观察而得出这一结论的。这两个救助中心一个在西班牙,一个在赞比亚。
The primates were provided with food hidden inside tubes and the scientists monitored them to see which hand they used to get at it, either their fingers or with the help of tools.
科学家在大猩猩面前放了一个管子,管子内藏着食物。研究者就是想观察大猩猩到底是用哪知手取出食物,不管是用手指还是借助工具。
“The chimpanzees showed a preferential use of the right hand to get the food from the tube,” the Catalan Institute of Human Palaeoecology and Social Evolution, which coordinated the study, said in a statement. “This feature had traditionally been considered exclusively human and had been believed to be caused by asymmetries observed in the human brain that are related to the realization of complicated activities that require the use and coordination of both hands.”
大猩猩偏好用右手取食物,” 协助这项研究的加泰隆尼亚古生态学和社会发展研究所在报告中称。“使用右手一直以来被认为是人类独有的特点,这个特点是由于人类左右脑发展不平衡造成的。人类为了完成复杂的活动,往往需要两手并用。”
The study also found that female chimpanzees, like their human counterparts, are more likely to be right-handed than males.
这项研究还发现,母猩猩同人类女性一样,比起他们的另一半来说更偏好用右手。
The researchers said this suggests “that just like in our species, there are shared biological factors, genetic and hormonal, that modulate the functioning of our brain.”
这项研究表明,“就像在人类内不一样,物种之间也存在共同的生理基因和荷尔蒙特征,这些特征控制着我们的大脑。”
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在全国硕士研究生入学英语考试中,阅读理解试题在整个试卷中占很大比重,其重要程度不言而喻。想要提高英语阅读能力,最好的办法就是多看多练。为了提高大家的阅读水平,下面是读文网小编为大家带来考研英语阅读经典美文,希望大家喜欢!
Learning to play a musical instrument can change your brain, with a US review finding music training can lead to improved speech and foreign language skills.
掌握一门乐器能够使大脑发生变化。这是美国的一项最新研究发现,通过音乐训练还能够提高演讲和外语水平。
Although it has been suggested in the past that listening to Mozart or other classical music could make you smarter, there has been little evidence to show that music boosts brain power.
尽管过去就有人提到过听莫扎特或其他古典音乐可以让人变得更聪明,但是并没有足够的证据证明音乐能提高人的智商。
But a data-driven review by Northwestern University has pulled together research that links musical training to learning that spills over into skills including language, speech, memory, attention and even vocal emotion.
如今,美国西北大学的一项研究从数据出发,分析探讨了音乐训练对语言、演讲、记忆力、注意力甚至感情表达等能力的影响。
Researcher Nina Kraus said the data strongly suggested that the neural connections made during musical training also enhanced the brain for other aspects of human communication.
据研究人员妮娜·克劳斯介绍,他们的研究数据充分表明,音乐训练过程中所产生的神经元连接能增强大脑在人际沟通等方面的能力。
“ The effect of music training suggests that, akin to physical exercise and its impact on body fitness, music is a resource that tones the brain for auditory fitness and thus requires society to re-examine the role of music in shaping individual development,”the researchers said in their study.
在研究报告中,这些研究人员这样说道:“与体育锻炼对身体健康的影响一样,音乐能够增强大脑活力,增强听觉的敏锐度。所以我们有必要重视音乐在个人发展中所起的作用。”
Kraus said learning musical sounds could enhance the brain’s ability to adapt and change and also enable the nervous system to provide a scaffolding of patterns that are important to learning.
克劳斯还说,学习声乐能够提高大脑的应变能力,也可以帮助神经系统建立起一个有利于学习的架构。
The study, published in Nature Reviews Neuroscience, looked at the explosion of research in recent years focused on the effects of music training on the nervous system which could have strong implications for education.
该成果发表于《神经系统科学自然评论》上,对近几年该领域内的最新研究进行了回顾和分析。这些研究主要关注的是音乐训练对神经系统的影响及其可能会对教育产生的潜在影响。
The study found that playing an instrument primes the brain to choose what is relevant in a complex process that may involve reading or remembering a score, timing issues and coordination with other musicians.
研究发现,演奏乐器能帮助提升大脑从各种复杂的过程中分辨出有价值信息的能力,这一复杂的过程可能包括看谱、记谱,计时或与其他乐师配合等。
“A musician’s brain selectively enhances information-bearing elements in sound,” Kraus said in a statement. “In a beautiful interrelationship between sensory and cognitive processes, the nervous system makes associations between complex sounds and what they mean.”
克劳斯在一项声明中说:“音乐家的大脑能够有选择性地从声音中分辨出载有信息的元素。在感觉和认知的不断交互和融合中,神经系统能把复杂的声音和它们所表达的意思联系起来。”
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People who enjoy a dream-filled sleep are significantly better at recalling information and making links between facts when they wake, scientists found.
科学家发现,睡觉爱做梦的人在他们醒着的时候记忆力和关联事物的能力都会显著增强。
But recharging with a shallow nap offers no such mental boost, the research suggests.
该研究同时也声明仅仅是打个小盹就不会产生如此神奇的功效。
The results of the study add to the growing body of evidence that Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep is crucial to the brain’s ability to lay down and consolidate memories.
这一研究印证了先前大量证据已经证明了的一个观点,那就是快速眼动睡眠(REM)阶段对大脑巩固记忆的能力至关重要。
An average night’s repose includes four or five spells of REM sleep, but these bursts tend to be lengthier towards the end of the night.
在夜间睡眠过程中,通常会有四到五个周期的REM 阶段。直到天亮之前,REM 间隔周期呈逐渐延长的趋势。
This means that adults who get less than the recommended seven to eight hours a night-and therefore insufficient REM sleep-may be damaging their mind’s ability to form strong memories.
这就意味着,睡眠时间不足7-8 小时标准睡眠时间的成年人无法保障充分的REM 睡眠时间,因此他们形成牢固记忆的能力有可能会受损。
Although REM sleep is not classified as a type of deep sleep, it is only reached after the brain has passed through deep sleep stages.
REM 睡眠并不属于深度睡眠的范畴,只有在经过深度睡眠后,大脑才能进入REM 睡眠阶段。
Scientists have been working on connections between sleep, dreams and brain activity since the REM state was first identified in 1953 by US researchers.
自1953 年美国研究人员首次确认REM 睡眠状态以来,科学家一直致力于研究睡眠、梦境以及大脑活动三者之间的关联。
They found that people woken while their closed eyes made jerking movements recalled much more colorful and elaborate dreams than people woken during other stages of sleep.
他们发现从REM 状态中醒来的人,相对那些从其他睡眠状态中醒来的人来说,更善于记住丰富多彩的梦境的细节。
It is now believed that sleep acts as a sort of mental filing system, enabling the brain to sort relevant information that needs to be retained from useless information which can be discarded.This process may take place as memories are shifted from one part of the brain to others.
现在人们相信,睡眠过程就好比是在大脑内部进行文案整理工作。随着储存的记忆在大脑中进行位置转移,大脑从而对相关信息进行区分——摒弃无用信息,保留有用信息。
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The US trade deficit soared in August as surging Chinese imports worsened global economic imbalances and stoked rising American anger with China’s exchange rate policy.
美国8 月份贸易逆差猛增。美国认为从中国的进口激增加剧了全球经济的失衡,引发美国对中国汇率政策的愤怒。
The data, published on Thursday, come ahead of Friday’s release deadline for the US Treasury’s twice-yearly report on exchange rates, in which it has to decide whether or not formally to name China as a currency manipulator. Despite congressional pressure, the Treasury has so far refrained from using the label, arguing that it makes no practical difference to relations with Beijing.
这一数据是周四发布的。星期五美国财政部就要发表一年两度的汇率报告,在报告中财政部必须决定是否要将中国正式列为汇率操纵国。尽管国会施加了压力,但财政部一直避免使用“贸易操纵国”这一说法,称这么做对美中关系没有实质性的好处。
The figures released by the commerce department showed the deficit in goods and services widening by 8.7 per cent to $46.3bn. That figure was the second highest gap of the year, exceeding economists’ expectations. The rise was driven by US businesses stocking up on consumer goods and cars at the end of summer.
美国商务部发布的数据显示,商品和服务贸易逆差扩大了8.7%,升至463亿美元。这是今年出现的第二大逆差,数额之大超出了经济学家的预想。美国企业在夏末增加了消费品和汽车的库存,这是逆差上升的原因。
Exports ticked up by 0.22 per cent to $153.8bn, the highest level in two years, but were outstripped by imports, which jumped by 2.1 per cent to $200.2bn.
美国的对外出口也有小幅度的增加,上浮0.22 个百分点,至1538 亿美元,创两年来出口额的最高水平。但出口增幅明显不如进口,进口增加2.1%,至2002 亿美元。
“The structural US trade deficit continues to persist on the lack of Chinese demand for US exports,”said Michael Woolfolk, analyst, BNY Mellon Global Markets.
纽约银行梅隆全球市场分析师迈克尔·伍尔福克表示,“如果中国对美国出口缺乏需求,美国的结构性贸易逆差将持续存在。”
In August, imports from China rose by 6.1 per cent to a record $35.3bn. That left a US trade shortfallwith its most politically sensitive trading partner at a record $28bn at a time when the US is intensifying its scrutiny of China for creating trade imbalances by undervaluing the renminbi.
8 月份,美国从中国的进口增加6.1%,达353 亿美元,这是个创纪录的数字,使美国与中国这对政治上最敏感的贸易伙伴的逆差额飙升至史无前例的280 亿美元。美国一直以来都在关注因中国不愿让人民币升值而造成的贸易失衡。
Economists expect imports to the US to cool as the end of the year nears because consumer demand remains tepid. Ian Shepherdson, chief US economist at High Frequency Economics, notes that much of the expansion of the deficit in August was due to rising oil prices and a drop in aircraft orders.
经济学家预测,由于消费者需求萎靡不振,美国的进口额将会在年底降温。高频经济学的首席美国经济学家伊恩·谢泼德森指出,8 月份贸易逆差的扩大很大程度上是由于油价上升和飞机订单下降。
The US deficit with China accounts for about half of its shortfall with the rest of the world. US deficits with the European Union, Canada and Japan also widened in August.
美国对华贸易逆差占美国对全球其他所有国家贸易逆差总额的大约一半。8月份,美国对欧盟、加拿大和日本的贸易逆差也有所扩大。
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Military service is notoriously rough on a service member ’s mental health. According to some estimates, 30 percent of service members develop some type of mental health issue within four months of returning home after deployment.
当兵对个人的心理健康会造成重大的负面影响。据估计,百分之三十的服兵役的人在退伍回家之后的四个月内会或多或少出现一些心理疾病。
The military is spending more money than ever to address mental health issues within the ranks, and their latest attempt is a smart phone application called the T2 MoodTracker application, which helps service members keep track of their mental health after deployments.
部队现在正花大代价来解决军人们的心理健康问题。他们最新推出了一个叫做T2 情绪追踪器的智能手机应用软件,这个软件可以帮助退伍士兵时刻关注自己的心理健康问题。
The app works like a high-tech diary, allowing users to express emotions and behaviors that result from therapy, medication, daily experiences or changes happening at work or in the home.
这个软件就好像是一本高科技日记,使用者可以把他们接受心理治疗使用药物之后的情感和行为记录下来,也可以记录他们在工作和生活中经历的一些事情。
The smart phone app isn ’t supposed to be a pocket therapist, though. It serves more as an extremely accurate and timely record of a service member’s mental health.
这款软件并不能被当做一个“随身携带的医生”。它只是用来及时而准确地记录退伍老兵的心理健康。
Perry Bosmajian is a psychologist with the National Center for TeleHealth and Technology, where this smart phone app was created. He says this smart phone app will yield much more accurate results on the psychological conditions of service members who have returned home.
皮埃尔·博斯马吉安是这款软件的设计者,他在国家远程卫生和技术中心工作。他说这款软件能够详细记录下退伍士兵的心理健康状况。
“Therapists and physicians often have to rely on patient recall when trying to gather information about symptoms over the previous weeks or months,” Bosmajian said. “Research has shown that information collected after the fact, especially about mood, tends to be inaccurate. The best record of an experience is when it’s recorded at the time and place it happens.”
“治疗师和医生都必须依靠病人的描述来获取信息,判断他们前几个星期或者前几个月里出现的一些症状”,博斯马吉安说,“这些依靠回忆获得的信息往往是不可靠的,特别是关于情绪的回忆。最好的办法就是在情绪发生的时候将它准确地记录下来。”
The app specifically tracks anxiety, depression, general well-being, life stress, post traumatic stress and brain injury. The daily expressions add up over time to produce a trend that can be observed by physicians and therapists.
这款软件能够详细记录下使用者的焦虑,抑郁,幸福感,生活的压力,创伤后的压力和脑部损伤。这些每天记录下来的信息日积月累就可以形成一条曲线,治疗师和医生可以参考这条曲线所反映的心理趋势。
The app has been downloaded more than 5,000 times since it became available on the Android Market a year ago. The app should be available for iPhone users some time next year.
这款软件一年前在Android 市场上发布以来,已经被下载了5000 次。明年也许就可以在iPhone 上使用了。
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Studying for an exam while listening to music is not smart, because background music can impair your ability to perform memory tasks, new research has found.
最新研究发现,边听音乐边复习功课并非明智之举:因为背景音乐会降低你完成与记忆力相关的任务的能力。
Study participants were asked to recall a list of eight consonants in the order they were presented. They did this while in five different sound environments: quiet surroundings; music they liked; music they disliked; changing state (a sequence of random digits); and steady state (a sequence of steady digits such as “3, 3, 3, 3”).
参与调查者听到8 个辅音字母,他们必须按照播放顺序进行复述。他们听的时候,分别处在5 种不同的背景声音中:安静环境、喜欢的背景音乐、不喜欢的背景音乐、数字不断变化的响声,数字不变的响声(例如:3,3,3,3)。
The participants’ recall ability was poorest when listening to music, regardless of whether they liked or disliked it, and in changing-state conditions. The most accurate recall occurred when participants performed the task in steady-state environments, according to the study published online in the journal Applied Cognitive Psychology.
结果显示,无论他们喜欢还是不喜欢背景音乐,在播放音乐和数字不断变化的声音环境里,被调查者的记忆力都最差。该研究发现刊登在《应用认知心理学》上,研究指出人在安静环境下记忆力最好。
“ The poorer performance of the music and changing-state sounds are due to the acoustical variation within those environments. This impairs the ability to recall the order of items, via rehearsal, within the presented list, ” explained lead researcher Nick Perham, a lecturer in the School of Psychology at the University of Wales Institute in Cardiff, in a news release from the journal’s publisher.
威尔士大学卡地夫学院的首席研究员尼克·珀罕在该期刊的新闻发布会上说:“音乐与不断变化的声音影响了人们的表现,这是因为那些环境声音变化会影响人们复述测试内容的能力。”
“Mental arithmetic also requires the ability to retain order information in the short-term via rehearsal, and may be similarly affected by their performance in the presence of changing-state, background environments,” he added.
“心算也需要通过练习在短时间内记住信息的顺序,因此也可能受到背景环境的影响,”珀罕补充道。
When performing a challenging mental task, do it in silence, Perham recommended.
珀罕建议人们应该找一个安静的环境来完成一项具有挑战性的脑力劳动。
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At 32, singer and actor Park Yong-ha was riding high on the‘Korean Wave’that has swept across Asia ’s entertainmentindustry. He rose to fame in 2002 on the pan-Asian television hit‘Winter Sonata’and was set to take his career to new heights this summer with a starring role alongside fellow Yoon Eun-hye in the much-anticipated television drama‘Love Song.’A Japanese concert tour was due to kick off later this month.
32 岁的歌手兼演员朴龙河曾在横扫亚洲娱乐圈的“韩流”中乘风破浪。2002 年他出演了韩剧《冬季恋歌》,这部电视剧在亚洲走红,朴龙河也因此成名。他原定于今年夏天与一线明星尹恩惠一同出演备受期待的连续剧《恋歌》,这一角色会把他的事业推向新的高峰。日本的巡回演唱会原本也将于七月底开演。
But on June 30th, the actor who appeared to have the world at his feet was found dead in his apartment by his mother, apparently having killed himself.
然而在6 月30 日这一天,这位看起来正处在人生巅峰状态的男演员却被发现死在家中,很明显是自杀。
His death shocked fans, and marked the latest in a series of suicides by famous South Koreans.
他的死让大批粉丝震惊,亦是一系列韩国名流自杀事件中最新的一起。
These deaths are representatives of a wider turmoil in South Korea. In 2009, South Korea had the highest suicide rate among the 31 mostly wealthy nations in OECD, at around 22 deaths per 100,000 people (compared with around 18 in 100,000 for the OECD as a whole.)
这些名人的自杀事件只是韩国整个国家高自杀率的一个缩影。韩国2009年的自杀率在经合组织(OECD)31 个发达国家中是最高的,每10 万人中就有约22 人自杀(OECD 的整体水平为每10 万人有18 人自杀)。
The OECD report attributes the rise of suicide to a fast-changing economy over the decades. Lee Min-soo, professor of psychiatry at Korea University College of Medicine, supports this view.
OECD 在报告中将韩国的高自杀率升高归咎于快速转型的经济。高丽大学医学院的精神病学教授李民勋同意这一观点。
In the past decades, South Korea has embarked on a process of political and commercial freedom and high-tech industrialization that has made it one of the wealthiest countries in the world. But at the same time as this‘economic miracle ’ has swept the country to greater riches, many traditional social structures have broken down, with smaller families, rising house prices, the end of lifelong employment, fierce competition for the best jobs and rising alcoholism.‘It is the price we pay for such unsustainable fast economic development, ’says Dr. Lee.
在过去的几十年里,韩国开始了政治自由化、经济自由化、高科技产业化的进程,这使得韩国在短短的几十年间成为了世界上最富裕的国家之一。就在“经济奇迹”给韩国积聚了大量财富的同时,传统社会结构纷纷被瓦解,带来了诸如家庭规模缩小、房价上涨、终生就业终结、职场竞争激烈、酗酒问题严重等问题。李民勋说,这就是我们为这种不可持续的高速发展所付出的代价。
Dr. Lee also points to the heavily publicized suicides of South Korean celebrities as a possible factor in the high suicide rate overall. A link is hard to prove, says Dr. Lee-but‘the extensive coverage and detailed reporting on how people kill themselves is worrying.’
李博士还指出,媒体对韩国明星自杀事件的过度渲染也可能是导致总体自杀率偏高的原因。他说,虽然很难去验证这两者之间的关系,但是铺天盖地的关于自杀的报导的确令人担忧。
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Foxconn, the world’s largest electronics contract manufacturer, is revamping the pay structure at its main production base in southern China in a move that could end up the cost structure of global electronics production.
富士康,这一全球最大的电子产品合同制造商正彻底调查其位于中国南方主要生产基地的员工薪资结构,而此举可能推高全球电子产品生产的成本构成。
Following a 30 percent wage increase from July 1, the group said workers who reach certain performance standards would now also get an additional 66 percent pay rise from October 1.
7 月1 日富士康已经给工人加薪30%,之后又表示会从10 月1 日起给达到一定业绩标准的工人额外加薪66%。
“The monthly wage for all first-line employees and their line leaders and supervisors in Shenzhen will be elevated to Rmb2,000 as early as October 1 2010, ” if the workers successfully passed a three-month evaluation period, the company said.
富士康表示,“最早从10 月1 日起,深圳工厂中所有‘一线’员工及线长、组长的月薪将增加到2000 元,只要员工能成功通过为期3 个月的考核期。”
The wage increase comes as a spate of suicide among workers in Foxconn’s largest plant and a strike at a Honda factory in China have triggered calls for better conditions for the tens of millions of migrant workers who have been powering China’s export-manufacturing machine.
此次加薪的直接原因是富士康最大厂区一连串自杀事件以及在本田中国工厂的罢工事件。这一系列劳工事件引发了对改善数以百万计中国农民工劳动条件的呼声。农民工一直是中国出口制造业的真正动力。
Foxconn’s decision is the clearest sign yet of major changes in the labor conditions in export manufacturing in China.
富士康的加薪决定预示着中国出口制造业的用工状况正发生重大转变。
Foxconn, which makes electronic gadgets such as iPhones and PlayStation video game consoles, is China ’s largest employer with a headcount of 800,000, and has been the country’s largest exporter every year since 2003.
富士康,这家生产iPhone 和PlayStation 视频游戏机等电子产品的企业,拥有全中国最多的雇员,员工80 万名。自2003 年以来,每年都是中国最大的出口企业。
Foxconn executives said they could not predict how the additional cost would be shared but expected customers to help shoulder the burden.
富士康管理层说他们无法预测谁来承担加薪造成的额外成本,但预计部分会被转嫁给消费者。
The latest increase would more than double the basic pay of assembly line workers in Shenzhen and bring it to a level they currently only reach by working 12-hour shifts six days a week.
最新的加薪举措使富士康深圳工厂流水线工人的基本工资提高一倍多。目前工人想要挣到这么多钱,必需一周工作6 天、每天工作12 个小时。
The increase exceeds the demands of some labor activists who had rejected Foxconn’s earlier 30 per cent pay rise as too little too late. Activists said the group needed to increase pay by at least 50 per cent to give workers a decent income without massive overtime.
本次加薪甚至也超出了一些劳工维权人士的预期。他们曾表示富士康此前30%的加薪“太少”也“太晚”。这些维权人士认为,富士康至少需要加薪50%,才能让工人得到不错的报酬,而又不需要大量加班。
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Learning to play a musical instrument can change your brain, with a US review finding music training can lead to improved speech and foreign language skills.
掌握一门乐器能够使大脑发生变化。这是美国的一项最新研究发现,通过音乐训练还能够提高演讲和外语水平。
Although it has been suggested in the past that listening to Mozart or other classical music could make you smarter, there has been little evidence to show that music boosts brain power.
尽管过去就有人提到过听莫扎特或其他古典音乐可以让人变得更聪明,但是并没有足够的证据证明音乐能提高人的智商。
But a data-driven review by Northwestern University has pulled together research that links musical training to learning that spills over into skills including language, speech, memory, attention and even vocal emotion.
如今,美国西北大学的一项研究从数据出发,分析探讨了音乐训练对语言、演讲、记忆力、注意力甚至感情表达等能力的影响。
Researcher Nina Kraus said the data strongly suggested that the neural connections made during musical training also enhanced the brain for other aspects of human communication.
据研究人员妮娜·克劳斯介绍,他们的研究数据充分表明,音乐训练过程中所产生的神经元连接能增强大脑在人际沟通等方面的能力。
“ The effect of music training suggests that, akin to physical exercise and its impact on body fitness, music is a resource that tones the brain for auditory fitness and thus requires society to re-examine the role of music in shaping individual development,”the researchers said in their study.
在研究报告中,这些研究人员这样说道:“与体育锻炼对身体健康的影响一样,音乐能够增强大脑活力,增强听觉的敏锐度。所以我们有必要重视音乐在个人发展中所起的作用。”
Kraus said learning musical sounds could enhance the brain’s ability to adapt and change and also enable the nervous system to provide a scaffolding of patterns that are important to learning.
克劳斯还说,学习声乐能够提高大脑的应变能力,也可以帮助神经系统建立起一个有利于学习的架构。
The study, published in Nature Reviews Neuroscience, looked at the explosion of research in recent years focused on the effects of music training on the nervous system which could have strong implications for education.
该成果发表于《神经系统科学自然评论》上,对近几年该领域内的最新研究进行了回顾和分析。这些研究主要关注的是音乐训练对神经系统的影响及其可能会对教育产生的潜在影响。
The study found that playing an instrument primes the brain to choose what is relevant in a complex process that may involve reading or remembering a score, timing issues and coordination with other musicians.
研究发现,演奏乐器能帮助提升大脑从各种复杂的过程中分辨出有价值信息的能力,这一复杂的过程可能包括看谱、记谱,计时或与其他乐师配合等。
“A musician’s brain selectively enhances information-bearing elements in sound,” Kraus said in a statement. “In a beautiful interrelationship between sensory and cognitive processes, the nervous system makes associations between complex sounds and what they mean.”
克劳斯在一项声明中说:“音乐家的大脑能够有选择性地从声音中分辨出载有信息的元素。在感觉和认知的不断交互和融合中,神经系统能把复杂的声音和它们所表达的意思联系起来。”
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