为您找到与怎么零基础学英语语法相关的共116个结果:
我们学了一辈子的英语,进入社会还是手难书、口难开。就连最简单的“听”,只要老外讲的快一点,也听不懂。但是在职场上的英语实力,确实重要,在关键时刻,一个能用英语处理工作的白领,在老板和同事中的地位立刻水涨船高。但是,成人零基础如何学习英语呢?
由于英语在中国并非官方语言,没有真正的双语环境,而语言的有效学习应该回归到生活中,就如同我们学校母语般,再来就是由于东方人个性上的保守和爱面子,导致很怕开口说英语,要克服这样的心理,应该强化自己的学习动机,并且树立“多说不怕多措,少说永远对不了”的正面思想。
对于零基础想学英语来说,系统的跟着老师学习是很有必要的,常常会有人在网上分享自学的方法,并不是说自学不行,只是自学可能更适合有一定的基础,打算考证做短期冲刺的人。零基础的朋友建议还是跟着老师入门,系统的学习,打好基础,在老师的指引下一步一步来。
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下面是读文网小编整理的30天用思维导图战胜英语语法,希望对大家有帮助。
书名 英语语法超图解:30天用思维导图战胜英语
出版社 中国纺织出版社
页数 365页
开本 16
品牌 中国纺织出版社
作者 朱懿婷(Gillian)
出版日期 2012年6月1日
语种 简体中文
ISBN 7506487292, 9787506487290
第一阶段:Day 01~07
20个一定要知道的语法概念
Step 1
先搞懂概念与时态
01. 什么是英语语法? 014
02. 一般现在时vs.一般过去时 021
03. 将来时 026
04. 现在进行时vs.过去进行时vs.将来进行时 032
05. 现在完成时vs.过去完成时vs.将来完成时 039
06. 完成进行时(现在vs.过去vs. 将来) 046
Step 2
了解英语中关键的关键—单词
07. 形容词(含比较级&最高级) 052
08. 副词(含比较级&最高级) 060
09. 动词短语(不可分离vs.可分离) 065
10. 系动词vs.感官动词 070
11. 动名词与不定式 075
12. 连词 084
13. 介词 088
14. 短语 095
该如何使用进阶的句子?
15. 虚拟语气 101
16. 被动语态 106
17. 附加问句 112
18. 关系代名词 ..117
19. 从句(名词从句、形容词从句、副词从句……) 123
20. 倒装句 127
第二阶段:Day 08~22
30个一定
要学的句型
Level 1
基础观念马上建立!(程度分级:初中英语)
01. 那里有时髦的女孩! .136
There is a modern girl.
句型01 There be (not)...
There is enough food for all of us.
延伸 There is (not)...+enough (+...)+ to do...
02. 要不要喝点水啊? 140
Would you like some water?
句型02 Would you like...?
What about another cup of tea?
延伸 How about / What about...?
03. 你花了多长时间从车站走回家? ..143
How long does it take you to walk home from the bus stop?
句型03 How long / soon / often...?
04. 他太胖了,所以他不可能追到校花! 146
He is too fat to get the school queen!
句型04 too...+(for sb. / sth.)+to...
He is so sick that he can't go to work today.
延 伸 so... that...
05. 今天我们去看《变形金刚3》吧! 150
Let's go to see Transformers 3 today!
句型05 Let's / Let us...
Why not go for a walk after dinner?
延 伸 Why not / Why don't we...?
06. 不是所有人都想要费德勒赢,好吗? 154
Not everybody like you want Federer to win, Ok?
句型06 Not everybody / both / all / every...
07. 难怪你上课时总是想睡觉! 158
It is no wonder (that) you always feel sleepy in class.
句型07 (It is) no wonder (that)...
08. 完成这个专案得花上七个工作日呢! 161
It will take 7 working days to finish the project!
句型08 It takes (sb.)+some time+to do sth.
09. 你觉得《哈利•波特》的结局怎么样? 164
What do you think of/about the ending of Harry Potter?
句型09 What do you think of / about...?
10. 我妈叫我下课后就马上回家。 167
My mother asks me to go home as soon as the class is over.
句型10 ...as soon as...
Level 2
可以开始简单英语会话喽!(程度分级:高中第一~二册)
11. 除非你跟我们一起去,否则我是不会跟你哥去看电影的。 171
I won't go to the movie with your brother unless you go with us.
句型11 unless...
I won't leave here until you give me the money.
延伸 until …
12. 苹果公司不知道 iPad 2 会不会是畅销产品。 175
APPLE doesn't know whether iPad 2 will hit or not.
句型12 whether...or...
Does anyone know if he will come today?
延伸 if...
13. 你不一起去吗? 179
Don't you want to come alone?
句型13 Isn't (Don't / Can't / Won't...)+sb....?
It's a beautiful place, isn't it?
延伸 附加问句
14. 多美的一个包啊! 182
How beautiful this bag is!
句型4 What / How...!
She is such a beautiful woman.
延伸 such a / an...
15. 你介意让我先上厕所吗? ....186
Do you mind if I use the toilet first?
句型15 Do / Would you mind...?
16. 这场比赛不只令人屏息还令人非常难忘! 189
This game is not only breath-taking but also unforgettable.
句型16 not only...but also...
17. 了解世界趋势对于学生来说相当重要。 192
It's also important for students to know the current trend of the world.
句型17 It+adj+of / for sb.+to do...
Learning English is an important thing for us to do.
延伸 V-ing+is+adj...
18. 纳达尔不认为这次发球出界了。 196
Nadal doesn't think that this serve is outside.
句型18 Sb. do / does not think / suppose / believe that...
19. 该是时候让贝拉来决定她未来的职业了。 199
It's time for Bella to decide her career.
句型19 It's time (for sb.) to do sth....
It is time (that) we had classes.
延伸 It's (high / about) time that...
20. 李娜是如此的努力以至于他可以赢得法网冠军。 203
Lina works so hard that she could win the first prize in French Open Tennis Championship.
句型20 so that...
Level 3
看到老外也不用怕!(程度分级:高中第三~六册)
21. 起床,否则你开学第一天就要迟到了! .207
Get up, or you will be late on the first day to school.
句型21 or / otherwise...
22. 你每天水喝得越多,你就会越健康。 210
The more water you drink every day, the healthier you will be.
句型22 the +比较级,the +比较级
23. 我恐怕无法去看Lady Gaga的北京演唱会了。 213
I'm afraid I can't go to Lady Gaga's concert in Beijing.
句型23 I'm afraid (that)...
24. 罗杰 .费德勒就是那个打破多项世界网球纪录的人。 216
It is Roger Federer who broke many world records of tennis.
句型24 It is / was...that / who...
25. 这很明显是裁判误判了。 219
It is obvious that the judge made a mistake.
句型25 It is obvious / clear that...
It seems (that) he was late for the train.
延伸 It seems / seemed that / as if...It is said that the food in this supermarket is cheaper.
延伸 It is / was said (reported / hoped) that...
26. 这部电影实在太精彩了,所以大家都在讨论它。 223
This is such a good movie that everyone is talking about it.
句型26 so / such...that...
27. 你最好趁夏天来之前开始减肥。 226
You'd better begin to lose weight before summer comes.
句型27 You'd better (not)...
You are supposed to support your parents.
延伸 be (not) supposed to...
28. 就算要排队等一个小时我也要买到这家店的甜甜圈。 230
Even though I have to wait for an hour, I still want to buy donuts from this shop.
句型28 Even though/if
29. 我妈要我打扫房间。 233
My mother had me clean the room.
句型29 have+sb. ...
30. 不管发生什么事,我都一定会支持我的家人。 236
No matter what happens, I will support my family.
句型30 no matter+疑问词...
第三阶段:Day 23~30
40个不能不
闪的语法陷阱
Trap 1
单词陷阱.同义单词辨析篇
01. ago vs. before .240
02. any vs. some ....243
03. asleep vs. sleepy .247
04. bring vs. take vs. carry ..250
05. hope vs. wish ...253
06. everyday vs. every day .256
07. fit vs. suit .....259
08. hear vs. listen to ..262
09. speak vs. say vs. talk vs. tell 265
10. spend vs. cost .269
11. travel vs. trip ...272
12. wait vs. expect .....275
13. worth vs. worthy ..278
14. occur vs. happen vs. take place 281
15. can vs may vs. might 284
16.maybe vs. may be 287
17. during vs. while vs. when 290
18. prefer vs. rather 293
Trap 2
单词陷阱.一词多义使用篇
01. think的用法 296
02. time的用法 299
03. help的用法 302
04. hurt 的用法 305
05. mind的用法 308
06. welcome的用法 312
Trap 3
语法陷阱.语法观念辨析篇
01. 动词+动名词vs. 动词+不定式 315
02. 一般过去时vs. 过去完成时 319
03. 否定疑问句的回答 322
04. 形容词的词序问题 325
05. 间接问句的用法 328
Trap 4
语法陷阱.语法使用差异篇
01. have been to vs. have gone to 331
02. neither...nor vs. either...or 334
03. other vs. the other vs. another 337
04. shameful vs. ashamed 340
05. sometime vs. sometimes vs. some time vs. some times 343
06. one的指示代词 346
07. so vs. such 349
08. what vs. which 352
09. whether vs. if 355
10. could vs. would 358
11. than在比较句型中的用法 361
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下面是读文网小编整理的60天攻克高考英语语法 介绍,希望对大家有帮助。
第1天 构词法
第2天 构词法大练兵
第3天 名词
第4天 数词
第5天 代词
第6天 代词大练兵
第7天 冠词
第8天 形容词
第9天 副词
第10天 形容词副词比较等级
第11天 比较等级大练兵
第12天 介词
第13天 介词大练兵
第14天 连词
第15天 动词
第16天 动词短语大练兵
第17天 助动词
第18天 情态动词
第19天 情态动词大练兵
第20天 动词的时态
第21天 动词时态大练兵
第22天 动词的语态
第23天 虚拟语气
第24天 虚拟语气大练兵
第25天 动词不定式
第26天 动词不定式大练兵
第27天 动名词
第28天 非谓语分词(1)
第29天 非谓语分词(2)
第30天 非谓语分词大练兵
第31天 析使句和感叹句
第32天 反意疑问句
第33天 主语从句
第34天 宾语从句
第35天 定语从句
第36天 定语从句大练兵
第37天 状语从句
第38天 状语从句大练兵
第39天 独立成分
第40天 倒装
第41天 倒装大练兵
第42天 省略
第43天 主谓一致
第44天 it的用法
第45天 特殊句式
第46天 语法深呼吸(1)
第47天 语法深呼吸(2)
第48天 语法深呼吸(3)
第49天 语法深呼吸(4)
第50天 语法深呼吸(5)
第51天 语法沉着练(1)
第52天 语法沉着练(2)
第53天 语法沉着练(3)
第54天 语法沉着练(4)
第55天 语法沉着练(5)
第56天 语法放轻松(1)
第57天 语法放轻松(2)
第58天 语法放轻松(3)
第59天 语法放轻松(4)
第60天 语法放轻松(5)
参考答案
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零基础学英语,英语语法入门是关键,语法是英语阅读、写作及对话的重要基础,下面读文网小编为大家介绍零基础英语语法入门方法,希望能帮到大家。
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。英语句子主要成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、状语、补足语和定语。
宾语表示及物动作的对象或承受者,用于回答谓语“谁”和“什么”,一般位于及物动词后面。但英语介词后也要求用宾语。
可充当宾语的内容和主语一样。
1)名词类
They went to see an exhibition yesterday.他们昨天去看了展览。
We should learn from him.我们应该向他学习。
2)非谓语类(不定式、ing 分词)
He pretended not to see me.他假装没有看见我。
She didn’t know what to do next.她不知道下一步做什么。
I enjoy listening to popular music.我喜欢听流行音乐。
3)从句
I think(that)he is fit for his office.我认为他称职。
He asked me whose pronunciation was the best in the class.
他问我班上谁的发音最好。
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听力是雅思考试面临的第一道坎,同时也是检验考生英语运用水平的一个关口。如何顺利地通过这第一个关口,进而保证阅读、写作等其他部分的考试轻松过关,是所有考生共同关注的问题。下面读文网小编根据雅思的权威老师们多年实践经验总结出,雅思听力兵法五大基础,认为要想通过听力大关,拿到理想的听力分数,至少需要在以下几个方面努力夯实基础:
听力内容的涉及面时很广的,比如心理学,食品文化,历史,文学,音乐,人物等等。可谓天文地理五行八卦奇门遁甲一应俱全。考生如果缺乏相应的知识,做起来会有一定的难度。因此,课外一定要开阔眼界,做一个“上知天文,下晓地理”的多面手。
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医学英语是与大学英语相延续的专业英语的学习内容。下面小编为大家分享基础医学英语翻译,希望对大家有用。
electronic scanner 电子扫描仪
electronic screen 电子显示荧光屏
electronic sector ultrasonic cardiotomograph 扇型扫描式超声心动断层检查仪
electronic sensor 电子传感器
electronic shutter 电动快门
electronic simulation 电子模拟
electronic simulator 电子模拟器
electronic skin tester 电子皮试仪
electronic sphygmomanometer 电子血压计
electronic spiro-analyzer 呼吸功能自动分析仪,电子肺量分析仪
electronic sterilization 电子灭菌法
electronic stethoscope 电子听诊器
electronic stimulator 电刺激器
electronic test instrument 电子测试仪器
electronic thermometer 电子测温计
electronic thermostat 电子恒温器
electronic timer 电子定时器
electronic tracer 电子描绘器
electronic universal dilatometer 电子通用膨胀计
electron interferometer 电子干扰仪
electron micrograph 电子显微镜检查,电子显微照片
electron microscope 电子显微镜,电镜
electron microscope with a magnification of , times 八十万倍电子显微镜
electron microscopic autoradiography 电镜自动射线照像术
electron multiplier 电子倍增器
electronogram 电子衍射图
electronograph 电子显微照片
electron pair 电子对,电子偶
electron paramagnetic resonance (abbr. EPR) 电子顺磁共振
electron radiography 电子放射照像术
electron scanning micrograph 电子扫描显微照片
electron tube 电子管
electronystagmogram (abgr. ENG) 眼震电流描记图
electronystagmograph 眼震电流描记器
electronystagmogroaphy 眼震图描记术
electro-oculogram(abgr. EOG) 眼电(流)图
electro-oculography 眼电(流)描记法
electro-osmosis 电渗
electro-osmotic 电渗的
electropathy 电疗法,电疗学
electrophone 电助听器
electrophonocardiograph 电心音描记器
electrophonoide 电助听器训练器(治慢性耳聋)
electrophore ①电泳 ②电离子透入法
electrophoregram 电泳图
electrophoresis ①电泳 ②电离子透入法
electrophresis apparatus 电泳仪
electrophoresis chamber 电泳槽
electrophoresis gel 电泳凝胶
electrophoresis method 电泳法
electrophoresis scanner 电泳扫描仪
electrophoretic display 电泳显示器
electrophoretic pattern 电泳图型
electrophoretogram 电泳图
electrophorogram 电泳图
eoectrophorus 起电盘
electrophotography 电照像术
electrophotometer 光电比色计
electrophysiological amplifier 电生理放大器
electrophysiology 电生理学
electroplexy 电休克
electropneumograph 电呼吸描记器
electropositive 阳电性的,正电性的
electropsychrometer 电测湿度计
electropuncture 电针术
electropradiology 电放射学
electroradiometer 电放射性测量仪
electroreceptor 电感受器
electroresction 电切除术
electro-respirator 电动呼吸机
electroretinogram(abbr. ERG) 视网膜电(流)图
electroretinograph 视网膜电(流)描记器,视网膜电图仪
electroretinography 视网膜电圈学
electrosalivogram 涎腺电(流)图
electroscope 验电器,静电测量器
electrosection 电切除术
electroshock 电休克
electrosinogram 心窦电(流)图
electroskiagraphy X 射线照像术
electro-sleep appatatus 电睡眠机
electrosol 金属电胶液
electrospectrogram 电光谱图
electrospectrography 电光谱描记术
electrosphygmobarometer 电子眼底血压计
electro-sphygmomanometer 电子血压计
electro-spinal stimulation instrument 脊骨也刺激仪
electrospinogram 脊髓电(流)图
electrostatic accelerator 静电加速器
electrostatic attraction 静电吸引
electrostatic diathermy unit 静电电疗机
electrostatic equipment 静电装置
electrostatic generator 静电发电机
electrostatic precipitator 静电除尘器
electrostatics 静电学
electrostatic voltmeter 静电伏特计
electro-sternum saw 电动胸骨锯
electrostethograph 电心音描记器
electrostethophone 电扩音听诊器
electro-stimulation analyzer 电刺激分析仪
electro-stimulation therapy unit 电兴奋治疗机
electro-stimulator 电刺激器
electro-stomach irrigator 电动洗胃机
electro-striatogram 纹状体电(流)图
electrosurgery 电外科
electrosurgical knife 手术用电刀
electrosurgical unit 电灼器,电手术器械
electro-thalamogram 丘脑电(流)图
electro-therapeutic apparatus 电疗仪
electrotherapy 电疗法
electrotherapy apparatus 电疗设备
electrotherapy room 电疗室
electrotherm 电热器
electrothermic laryngoscope 电热喉镜
electothermometer 电子体温计
electrotome 电刀
electrotomy 电切除术
electro-tonometer 电眼压计
electrotonus 电紧张
electro-traction massage bed 电动牵引按摩床
electrotrephine 电圆锯,脑用电动圆锯
electroureterogram 输尿管电(流)图
electrovacuum extractor 电动真空吸引器
electrovagogram 迷走神经电(流)图
electrovection 电导入法
electrovectrocardioscope 心电向量检查仪
electroventriculogram 心室电(流)图
electro-vibrator ①电按摩器 ②电振动器
element (化学)元素,单元,成分
elemental analyser 元素分析仪
elementary 元素的,基础的,初级的
eleometer 油度计,油比重计
elevation 上升,隆凸,挺起
elevator ①骨撬,牙挺,起子 ②升降机
eliminator 消除器,抑制器
ellipse 椭圆形
ellipsometer 椭圆率计
eluant 洗提液,洗脱剂
elutriating apparatus 淘析器,洗提器
elutriator 淘析器,洗提器
eluxation 脱位
elytreurynter 阴道扩张袋
elytro- 阴道
elytrorrhaphy 阴道缝术
EM (electron microscope) 电子显微镜
emanation 射气,放出物
emanator 射气投置
emanometer 氡射线计,射气计
emanotherapy 射气疗法
emasculator 去睾器
embed 包埋,植入
embedded electrode 埋入电极
embedded type 埋入式
embedding 包埋,埋植
emboli 栓子
emboliform 楔形的,栓子状的
embolism 栓塞
embrasure hook 楔形隙钩
embryo 胚,胚胎
embryoctony 碎胎术
embryograph 胚胎描记器
embryography 胚胎描记法
embryoscope 胚胎发育观察器
embryotome 碎胎刀
embryotomy 碎胎术
embryotomy forceps 碎胎钳
embryotomy knife 碎胎刀
embryotomy scissors 碎胎剪
embryulcus 牵胎钩,牵胎术用钳子
emergency ①急症 ②意外,紧急
emergency alarm bell 报警铃
emergency cart 急诊用推车
emergency case 急救盒,急救箱
emergency light 故障信号灯
emergency resuscitator 急救用复苏器
emergency room 争诊室
emergent light 出射光
emery paper 砂纸
emery wheel 砂轮
EMF; e. m. f.(electromotive force) 电动势
EMG (①electromyogram ②electromyograph) 肌(动)电(流)图,肌电图机
EMG electronic stimulator 肌电图电子刺激器
emission 放射,发射,传播
emission electron 发射电子
emission spectrum 发射光谱
emissivity 发射率
emitron 光电摄象管
emitter 发射器,放射体
Emmet's needle 埃梅特氏(弯)针,有柄粗弯针
Emmet's retractor 埃梅特氏牵开器,自留阴道牵开器
emphraxis 闭塞,阻塞
emplastic bougie 铸型探条
empyema 脓胸,积脓
empyema apparatus 抽脓器
empyema trocar 脓胸套针
empyema tube 脓胸引流管
EMS (electron microscope) 电子显微镜
emulgator 乳化器,乳化剂
emulsification 乳化(作用)
emulsifier 乳化器,乳化剂
emulsifying agent 乳化剂
emulsion 乳胶,感光乳剂
emgloves 乳胶手套
emulsor 乳化器,乳化剂
EMXA (electron microprobe X-ray analyzer) 电子微探针X 射线分析仪
enamel bur 牙釉质钻
enamel chisel 牙釉质凿
enamel cleaver 牙釉质凿刀
enamel cutter 牙釉凿羡刀
enamel needle 釉质电烙针
enamel square tray 搪瓷方盘
enantiomorph 镜像体,对映体
encephalion 小脑
encephalo- 脑
encephalo-arteriography 脑动脉造影术
encephalogram 脑造影片,脑X 射线照片
encephalograph 脑造影片
encephalography 脑造影术
encephalometer 脑搏动计,脑域测定器
encephalon 脑
encephaloscope 脑镜,窥脑器
encephaloscopy 脑镜检查法
encephalotome 脑刀
encephalotomy 脑切开术
enclose 包装,密封,附入
enclosure ①附件 ②外壳,套
encoder 编码器
end-; endo- 内腔,内部
endarterectomy 动脉内膜切除术
endarterectomy instument 动脉内膜切除器械
endarterectomy scissors 动脉内膜切除剪
endarterectomy set 动脉内膜切除器
endaural retractor 耳内牵开器
enb cut dur 端切钻
endo- 内腔,内部
endobronchial airway 支气管内导气管
endorbonchial suction catheter 支气管内吸引导管
endo-camera 内窥镜照像机
endocardiac mapping 心内膜电位图
endocardial 心内膜的,心内的
endocardiography 心内心(动)电(流)描记法
endocardium 心内膜
endocurlar probe 眼内探头(激光仪用)
endodiascope 体腔X 线管
endodiascopy 体腔X 线检查
endogenous 内生的,内源的
endometrial biopsy curette 子宫内膜活检刮匙
endometrial curette 子宫内膜刮匙
endometrial implants 子宫内膜植入片
endometry 内腔容积测定法
endomyocardiol bioptome 心肌活检钳
endoradiography 体腔X 射线照像术,体腔造影术
endoradiosonde 体腔无线电测压器(如测肠腔内压)
endoscope 内窥镜,内腔镜
endoscope adapter 内窥镜摄像接头
endoscope cabinet 内窥镜柜
endoscope for anaethesia 麻醉用窥镜
endoscope washer 内窥镜自动洗净器
endoscopic examining chair 内窥镜检查椅
endoscopic film projector 内窥镜照片投影仪
endoscopic injector 内窥镜注射器
endoscopic screen viewer 内窥镜屏幕观察器
endoscopic suction pump 内窥镜吸引泵
endoscopy 内窥镜检查
endosmometer 内渗压测定器
endostethoscope 食管内听心器
endo-stroboscope 喉动态镜
endothelium 内皮
endothermal 吸热的,收热的
endotherm knife 电热刀
endothermy 透热法,高频电透热法
endotome 胎儿断头剪
endotoscope 耳(内)镜
endotracheal airway 气管内导气管
endotracheal connector 气管内接管
endotracheal intubator 气管内插管器
endotracheal tube 气管内导管
end-point titrator 终点滴定器
enduser 用户
end-window counter 钟罩型计数器
enema 灌肠法,灌肠剂
enema bag 灌肠袋
enema can 灌肠罐
enemal ware 搪瓷器皿
enema syringe 灌肠注射器
enemator 灌肠器
energetics 能量学
energometer 脉能测量器,脉能计
energometry 能量测定法
energy 能(量)
energy meter 能量计,功率计
energy regulator 能量调整器
energy scale 能量标准
energy source 能源
energy spectrum 能谱
energy transducer 换能器
ENG (electronystagmogram) 眼震颤电(流描记)图
engagement ①衔接 ②约定,契约
engine (牙)钻机,发动机
engine arm 牙机臂
engine bit 牙钻
engineer ①工程师,技师 ②设计,计划
engineering 工程学,工程(技术)
engine mallet 牙机锤
engine speed indicator 转速指示器
enlarge forceps 扩大钳
enlargement 扩大,放大
enlarge needle 扩大针
enlarger 放大机,放像机
enlarging bur 扩大钻
enquiry 询价,查询
E. N. T.(ear, nose, throat) 耳鼻喉
E. N. T. drill 耳鼻喉科用钻
enteral 肠的,肠内的
entero- 肠
enterocleaner 肠冲洗器
enterocoelia 腹腔
enterogram 肠动描记图
enterograph 肠动描记器
enterography 肠动描记法
enterometer 小肠腔测量器
enteron 肠
enteroscope 肠(窥)镜,肠内视镜
enteroscopy 肠镜检查
enterotome 肠刀
enterotomy scissors 肠切开剪
enterotribe 夹肠器
enterotriptor 夹肠器
enterprise 事业(单位),企业(单位)
entity 实在,本质,实体
entogenous 内生的,内源的
entome 尿道刀
entopic 正常位置的,正位的
entoptoscope 眼内媒质镜,眼内视镜
entoptoscopy 眼内镜检查
entrainment 输送,传输,引开
entrance ①入口,进入 ②引入线
entropion 睑内翻
entropion knife 睑内翻刀
entropium forceps 睑内翻镊,翻眼镊
entropy ①熵 ②平均信息量
entrust 委托,信任
entry ①项目,条款 ②输入,入口
E. N. T. treatment chair 耳鼻喉科治疗椅
E. N. T. treatment unit 耳鼻喉科综合治疗台
enucleate 剜出,摘除
enucleation hook 剜出钩(眼)
enucleation knife 剜出刀
enucleation snare 眼球摘除圈套器
enucleator 剜出器,摘除器
enumerable 可数的
enumerator 计数器
envelope 封皮,外壳,套
envelope for dental X-ray film 牙科X 射线胶片套
environment ①环境,外界 ②包围,围绕
environmental hygiene 环境卫生
enzyme 酶
enzyme analyser 酶分析仪
enzyme electrode 酶电极
enzyme reaction velocity measuring device 酶反应速度测定器
EOG (electro-oculogram) 眼电(流)图
eolipyle 烧灼酒精灯
eosin 伊红,曙红
EP (electrophoresis) 电泳
EPC (echophonocardiograph) 心音回声描记器
epicardial mapping 心表面电位图
epicardium 心外膜
epidemic prerention vehicle 防疫车
epiderm 表皮
epidiascope 反射幻灯机
epidural canula 硬膜外套管
epidural needle 硬膜外针
epidurography 硬膜外腔造影术
epiglottis retractor 会厌牵开器
epilating forceps 拔毛钳
epilation 拔毛,除毛法
epiphysiometer (骨)骺测量器
episcope ①反射投影灯 ②物面检查器
episiotomy 外阴切开术
episiotomy scissors 会阴剪,外阴切开剪
epistaxis canula 鼻衄套管
epithelia 上皮
epithelial peg 上皮钉
epithesis ①矫正术 ②夹板
epoxide 环氧化物
epoxy resin 环氧树脂
EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) 电子顺磁共振
EPSP (excitatory post-synaptic potential) 兴奋性突触后电位
equalizer 均值器,均衡器,补偿器
equation 方程,等式
equator 赤道,中纬线
equatorial 赤道仪
equatoriat plane 赤道面
equi- 相等
equilibration 平衡,均势
equilibrator 平衡器
equilibrium 平衡
equilibrium constant 平衡常数
equipment (abbr. Eq.; equip.) 设备,装置,仪器
equipotentiality 等位性,等势性
equivalence 等值,等量
equivalent ①等效,等值(的) ②当量
equivocal 两可的,双关的
Er(erbium) 铒
eraser 抹音器,消磁器
erasion ①刮术 ②抹掉
erbium (abbr. Er) 铒
erbium laser 铒激光器
ERD(evoked response detector) 诱发应测定器
erect image 正像
ERG(electroretinogram) 视网膜电流图
ergo- 工作,力,动力
ergocardiogram 心电动力图
ergocardiography 心电动力描记术
ergodynamograph 肌动力描记器
ergoesthesiograph 肌动感觉描记器
ergogram 肌力描记波,测力图
ergograph 肌动力描记器,测力器
ergography 测力法,肌力描记法
ergometer 测力计,肌力计
ergostat 练肌器
eriometer 微粒直径测量器(检红细胞直径)
erisiphake 晶状体吸盘
erisophake 晶状体吸盘
ERPF (effective renal plasma flow) 有效肾血浆流量
erratic 游走的,移动的
error 误差,错误
error counter 误差计数器
error detector 误差检测器
ERT(electrical resistance thermometer) 电阻体温计
ERV (expiratory reserve volume) 呼气储气量
erysiphake 晶状体吸盘
erythro- 红
erythrocyte 红细胞,红血球
erythrocyte sedimentation 红细胞沉降,血沉
erythrocytometer 红细胞计数器
erythrogram 红细胞图像
erythrometer 红细胞计数器
erythrometry 红细胞计数法
Es(einsteinium) 锿
Es(①electric stimulation ②electron spectrometer) ①电刺激 ②电子分光计
ESO(esophagoscopy) 食管内窥镜检查
eso- 在内,向内
esophageal 食管的
esophageal bougie 食管探条
esophageal cardiogram 食管心动图
esophageal dilator 食道扩张器
esophageal forceps 食管钳
esophageal foreign body forceps 食物异物镊
esophageal nasogastric tube 食道鼻胃管
esophageal probe 食管探子
esophageal retractor 食管牵开器
esophageal scissors 食管剪
esophageal sound 食管探子
esophageal stethoscope 食管听诊器
esophageal tube 食道导管
esophago- 食道,食管
esophagofiberscope 食管纤维内窥镜
esophagogastroscopy 食客胃镜检查
esophagogram 食管X 射线(照)片
esophagography 食管X 射线照像术
esophagometer 食管长度计
esophagoscope 食管镜,食道镜
esophagoscopy 食管镜检查
esophagotome 食管刀
esophagram 食管X 射线照片
esophagus biopsy forceps 食管活体取样钳
esophagus cell adopter 食道细胞寻取器
esophagus foreign forceps 食道异物钳
ESR (①erythrocyte sedimentation rate ②electron spin resonance) ①红细胞沉降率(血沉) ②
电子自旋共振
essential 必需的,特有的,基本的
essential accessory 必需附件
ester 酯
esthesia 感觉
esthesio- 感觉
esthesiography 感觉描记法
esthesiometer 触觉测量器,触觉计
esthesiometry 触觉测量法
estimate ①估价单 ②估算
estimated time of arrival (abbr. ETA) 预计抵达日期
estimate sheet 估价单
esu.(electrostatic unit) 静电单位
ETA (electrothermal analyzer) 电热分析器
ethanol 乙醇,醇,酒精
ether 醚,乙醚
ether air anesthesia unit 空气麻醉机
ether anesthetic mouth gag 全麻开口器
ether bag 乙醚袋
ether bed 乙醚苏醒床
ether bubbler 乙醚扩散器
ether cone 乙醚罩
ether drop bottle 乙醚滴瓶
ether inhaler 乙醚吸入面罩
etherioscope 测醚镜
ether mask 乙醚面罩
etherometer 乙醚滴定器
ether spray 乙醚喷雾
ethmoid 筛骨
ethmoid curette 筛骨刮匙
ethmoid forceps 筛窦钳
ethylene 乙烯
ethylene oxide sterilizer 环氧乙烷消毒器
Eu (europium) 铕
eudiometer ①空气纯度测定仪 ②量气管
eugenics 优生学
eugenol cement 丁香油粘固粉
eupatheoscope 空气温度测量仪(测综合气象因素)
eupathescope 空气温度测量仪(测综合气象因素)
europium(abbr. Eu) 铕
eurynter 扩张器
euscope 映像显微镜,显微映像器
Eustachian catheter 欧氏管导管(咽鼓管导管)
Eustachian catheter nozzle 咽鼓管导管嘴
eutectic ice 共融泳,盐泳
euthyscope 直视镜
EV (evoked response) 诱发反应
eV (electron volt) 电子伏特
evacuate 排除,排空,排泄
evacuating catheter 排尿管
evacuator 排泄器,排出器
evaluation 评价,估价,鉴定
evaluator 鉴定机,识别器
evaporate 蒸发
evaporating basin 干燥盆,蒸发盆
evaporating dish 蒸发皿
evaporator 蒸发器
evaporometer 蒸发计
evaporoscope 蒸发镜
eventration treatment 露脏X 射线治疗
EVG (electrovaginogram) 阴道电(流)图
evil (疾)病
E-viton 紫外线单位(紫外线照射有效生物剂量)
evoke 诱发,唤起
evoked potential measuring system 脑干电位测量系统
evoked potential system 激发电位系统
evoked response recorder 诱发反应记录仪
evolution 进化,演化
evolutionism 进化论
ex- 出,离,除,从
ex (free out of) 交货(船边,码头),无(线利)
exact dentimeter 精确牙测量器
exactolfactometer 精密嗅觉计
examinating couch 检查床
examinating light 检查灯
examination 检查,诊察
examination gloves 检查用手套
examination lamp 检眼灯
examiner 检查者
examining chair 诊查椅
examining table 检查台
examining telescope 检查窥镜
excavating bur 牙挖钻
excavation ①陷凹 ②挖除
excavator 挖匙,剜器
excerpt 摘录,选择
exchange key 交换键
exchanger ①交换器 ②交换剂
exchange syringe 互换注射器
exchange transfusion tray 输血盘
excipient 赋形剂
excising forceps 切断钳
excision 切除术
exciftability 应激性,兴奋性
excitation 刺激,兴奋
excitation filter 感光滤光片
exciting electrode 刺激电极
excochleation 刮除术
excrement 粪便
excrement collector 粪便收集器
excretion 排泄,分泌
excretion urography 排泄性尿路造影术
exercise 练习,操练,运动
Ex dock 码头交货价
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下面是学习英语语法的基础知识哦,来学习下吧!
英语语法基础知识入门教程
音 标
学习提示:
在我们开始学习英语语音音标之前,有一点大家要记住:不要试图用汉语普通话的近似的音去代替英语的音标。例如,有人把英语字母“n’'念成“恩”,用汉语的“e”来代替英语的[e],把字母f、m、x分别念成“爱弗”、“爱木”、“爱克斯”。这是一种很坏的习惯,它使你永远也学不到纯正的英语发音。记住,英语的音标跟汉语的音标缺乏可比性。例如,英语的单元音有十二个之多,而汉语只有六个。即使是两者相似的音,它们在发音的口型、音的长短上都有差别。
音素分类:
英语的音标共有48个,其中元音音标20个,辅音音标28个。相信大家对它们都不陌生了,在正式开始音标学习之前,让我们再来熟悉一下这48个音标。
元音
1、单元音 前元音:[i] [i:] [e] [?]
中元音:[?:] [?] [?]
后元音:[a:] [?] [?:] [u] [u:]
2、双元音 合口双元音:[ei] [ai] [?i] [?u] [au]
集中双元音:[i?] [ε? ] [u?]
辅音
1、爆破音 [p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g]
2、摩擦音 [f] [v] [θ] [e] [s] [z] [?] [?] [h] [r]
3、破擦音 [ts] [dz] [tr] [dr] [t?] [d?]
4、鼻音 [m] [n] [?]
5、半元音 [j] [w]
6、舌侧音 [l]
音标记忆法:
不要为音标的分类名称操心,你并不需要记住这些名称;也不要为音标的数目太多而发愁,照下面的两个记忆方法去做,你一定能在十分钟内将所有的英语音标记住。
一、元音分组记忆法:将元音音标分成四个大组和四个单个,帮助记忆。
1、四大组
第一组 第二组 第三组 第四组
[i] [i:] [i?] [ei] [ai]
[?] [?:] [?u] [ε?]
[u] [u:] [u?] [au]
[?] [?:] [?i]
记忆窍门:
第一组为“基本型”;第二组为基本型的“延长型”;在基本型后加长音符号;第三组为基本型的“前置型”;第四组为基本型的“后置型”。
2.四单个:一座山[?],一朵花[?],一个[e],一个[a:]
二、辅音成对记忆法:将辅音分成十对和八个单个,帮助记忆。
1.十对
爆破组 摩擦组 破擦组
[p] [b] [f] [v] [ts] [dz]
[t] [d] [θ] [e] [tr] [dr]
[k] [g] [s] [z] [t?] [d?]
[?] [?]
记忆口诀: 十对的辅音清、浊成对,每对的发音部位相同。
2.八单个:[m] [n] [?] [j] [w] [r] [l] [h]
记忆口诀:三鼻音[m] [n] [n], 两半元[w] [j] , 一个[r],一个[l],还有一个[h]。
音节
一、定义:一个元音音素(双元音为一个音素)为一个音节。
1、[ai] [n?u] [st?nd] [ti:t?] 均为单音节。
2、['mi:t?] ['reiz?] 均为双音节。
3、['s?u??list] [repri'zent?tiv]均为多音节。
二、音节的划分:
1、每两个元音之间有一个辅音,该辅音归后。如:['mi:t?] ['reiz?]
2、每两个元音之间有两个辅音,则前后各一个。如:['men??nd] ['f?ktri]
3、每两个元音之间有三个及以上的辅音,依次读出其本身的发音即可。如:
['empti]
简记为:一归后,二分手。
试读:[steid] ['a:ft?] ['men??nd] ['f?ktri] ['s?u??list] [repri'zent?tiv]
三、开、闭、r音节:
1、开音节,又分绝对开音节和相对开音节。
绝对开音节:以发音的元音字母结尾的音节。如:no,we.she。
相对开音节:以元音字母+辅音字母(r除外)+不发音的e结尾的音节。如:these,those,page,life,use。
2、闭音节:以一个或几个辅音字母(r除外)结尾,而中间只有一个元音字母的音节。如:bad,desk,sit,long。
3、,元音字母+r,即 ar er ir or ur
4、元音字母在重读开音节、重读闭音节和r读音节中的读音。
元音字母在重读音节中的读音
字母 开音节 例词 闭音节 例词 r音节 例词
A [ei] name [?] bag [a:] car
E [i:] these [e] pen [?:] her
I [ai] bike [i] his [?:] girl
O [?u] no, note [?] not [?:] for
U [ju:] student [?] bus [?:] nurse
由上表可见:元音字母在重读的开音节中就读字母本身的音。(注意:一切规律都不能包罗万象,如,不符合此规律的词有come, love 等等)
句子成分与句子
第一章 句子成分
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。英语句子主要成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、状语、补足语和定语。
1、主语
主语是一个句子的主体,是句子所要说明的人或事情,表示句子描述的是“谁”“什么”。主语一般位于陈述句句首,但在there be结构中主语位于谓语后面。
能作主语的有名词类(含代词、数词);非谓语(含不定式、ing 分词)、从句。
1)名词类
Professor Smith is a famous scientist.史密斯教授是著名的科学家。
We often speak English in class.我们经常在课堂上说英语。
One-third of the students in this class are girls.这个班1/3的学生是女生。
2) 非谓语
To master a foreign language is necessary.掌握一门外语是必要的。
Smoking does harm to the health.吸烟有害健康。
3)从句
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided yet.
我们什么时候进行英语测验还没有决定。
Whether he’ll join us in the discussion is of great importance.
他是否参加我们的讨论是很重要的。
2、谓语
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。只有动词在句中才能作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
1)简单谓语
由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:
He practices running every morning.他每天早晨练习跑步。
Yesterday afternoon he reached China.昨天下午他到达桂林。
2)复合谓语
(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成
You may keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周。
You’d better not take the magazine out of the reading-room.
你最好不要把这本杂志拿出阅览室。
He has caught a bad cold.He has to go to see a doctor.
他患了重感冒,必须去看医生。
3、表语
表语用来说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。
能作表语的有名词类(含代词、数词);形容词;非谓语动词(含分词、不定式、动名词;介词短语、副词及从句。
1)名词
He is an astronaut.他是一位宇航员。
2)形容词
The weather has turned cold.天气变冷了。
3) 非谓语动词
My job is to teach English. 我的工作是教英语。
The speech is exciting.这演讲激动人心。
His hobby is playing football.他的爱好是踢足球。
The teacher was pleased with my spoken English.老师对我的英语口语很满意。
4)介词短语
The machine must be out of order.这机器一定出毛病了。
He is against our plan.他反对我们的计划。
5)副词
Time is up.The class is over.时间到了,下课。
My father isn’t in.He is out.我父亲不在家,他出去了。
6)从句
The truth is that he has never been abroad.实际情况是他从未出过国。
What I want to know is when we’ll have the sports meet.
我想知道的是我们什么时候开运动会。
4、宾语
宾语表示及物动作的对象或承受者,用于回答谓语“谁”和“什么”,一般位于及物动词后面。但英语介词后也要求用宾语。
可充当宾语的内容和主语一样。
1)名词类
They went to see an exhibition yesterday.他们昨天去看了展览。
We should learn from him.我们应该向他学习。
2)非谓语类(不定式、ing 分词)
He pretended not to see me.他假装没有看见我。
She didn’t know what to do next.她不知道下一步做什么。
I enjoy listening to popular music.我喜欢听流行音乐。
3)从句
I think(that)he is fit for his office.我认为他称职。
He asked me whose pronunciation was the best in the class.
他问我班上谁的发音最好。
5、补语
补语用于补充说明主语或宾语。补语通常由形容词、名词或其他相当的结构担任。补语可分为宾语补足语和主语补足语。
1)宾语补足语:
The government appointed her chief delegate to the conference.
政府任命她为出席那个会议的代表团团长。(名词)
He doesn’t believe the story true.
他不相信这故事是真的。 (形容词)
The doctor advised her to stay in bed for a week.
医生建议她卧床休息一周。 (不定式)
They saw her walking into the bookstore.
他们看见她进书店了。 (分词短语)
The children saw the kite up and up.
孩子们看到风筝越飞越高。 (副词)
You should put your books in order.
你应该把书摆整齐。 (介词短语)
2)主语补足语:含宾语补足语的句子改成被动语态时,原宾语和宾语补足语便分别成为主语和主语补足语。
We found him working in the office.(在此主动句子中working是宾补)
我们发现他正在办公室工作。
He was found working in the office.(在此被动句子中working是主补)
他被发现在办公室工作。
6、定语
用来修饰、说明、限定名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
可充当定语的有形容词;非谓语类(含不定式,ing 分词和ed 分词);名词类(含代词、数词、名词所有格);介词短语、副词和从句。
单个词作定语通常位于所修饰的词之前,但短语、从句作定语时通常位于所修饰的词之后。
1)形容词
Guilin is a beautiful city.桂林是一座美丽的城市。
A bright future shines before us.光明的未来展现在我们眼前。
2) 非谓语类
The building to be built next year will be our school.
明年要建的那幢楼将是我们的学校。
China is a developing country;America is a developed country.
中国是一个发展中国家,美国是一个发达国家。
3)名词类
There are thirty women teachers in our schoo1.我们学校有30名女教师。
More than thirty students in our class have read the book.
我们班三十多个学生读过这本书。
Mary’s parents have gone abroad.玛丽的父母出国了。
4) 介词短语
He is reading an article about how to learn English.
他正在读一篇有关如何学习英语的文章。
Who is the girl in red? 穿红衣服的那个姑娘是谁?
5)副词(多位于被修饰词之后)
A noise outside made him turn around.外面的喧闹声使他转过身来。
The man in the room below is friendly.楼下房间的那人很友好。
6)从句
There is nothing that worries him.没有什么事使他烦恼。
I will remember the day when I first met her.
我将记住第一次遇见她的那一天。
7、状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。
可充当状语的主要有副词、介词短语、非谓语类和从句。
1)副词
Light travels most quickly.光传播得最快。
Factories and buildings are seen here and there.
到处都能见到工厂和建筑物。
2)介词短语
He has lived in the city for ten years.他在那座城市住了10年了。
In spite of the difficulties,we went on with our work.
尽管有困难,但是我们仍继续工作。
3)非谓语类
The box is too heavy for me to lift.这个箱子太重,我抬不起。
He is in the room making a model plane.他在房间里做一架飞机模型。
Not knowing what to do,he decided to ask the teacher for advice.
他不知道怎么办好,就去问老师。
Encouraged by the teacher,I made up my mind to learn English well.
在老师的鼓励下,我决心把英语学好。
4)从句
Once you begin,you must continue.一旦开始,你就得继续下去。
I must work harder in order that I may catch up with the others.
为了赶上其他人,我必须更努力学习。
状语的种类
1)时间状语
How about meeting again at six? 6:00再见面怎样?
2)原因状语
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.
由于下雨,她昨晚没有去参加舞会。
3)条件状语
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.如果不下雨,我将到那里去。
As(So)long as you work hard,you can make rapid progress in English.
只要你努力,你就可以在英语方面取得很快的进步。
4)地点状语
Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.史密斯先生住在3楼。
Where there is water,there is life.有水的地方,就有生命。
5)方式状语
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.
她小心地把鸡蛋放在篮子里。
He has greatly improved his spoken English by this means.
他用这种方式极大地改善了他的英语口语。
6)伴随状语
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.她进来时手里拿着一本字典。
The teacher came in, followed by a group of students.
老师走了进来,后面跟着一群学生。
7)目的状语
In order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.
为了赶上其他人,我必须更努力学习。
I went there to see a friend of mine.我去那里看我的一个朋友。
8)结果状语
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.他累极了,立刻就睡着了。
We arrived there only to find an empty room.
我们到了那儿只发现了一个空房间。
9)让步状语
She works very hard though she is old.
虽然她年纪大了,但她仍然十分努力工作。
No matter when you come,you are warmly welcomed.
不管你什么时候来,都欢迎。
10)程度状语
They were greatly moved to hear the hero’s story.
听了英语的故事,他们深受感动。
I quite agree with you.我完全同意你的意见。
11)比较状语
I am taller than he is.我比他高。
The more I speak English,the better I’ll be.我越多讲英语,就讲得越好。
句子成分练习
指出下列句中画线部分的词性及在句中的作用
1. Tonight we have something special for dinner.
2. a. Thank you for years of your valuable service
b. She keeps her jewels, money and other valuables in the bank
3. He is a very fine musician.
4. a. The farmer enjoys the beauty of the long stretch of his land.
b. My wool sweater stretched when I washed.
5. a. I had a sharp pain in my back.
b. The meeting starts at 3 o’clock sharp.
6. a. Sound travels at 1,000 feet per second.
b. Your idea sounds a good one.
c. Old as Mary is,she still enjoys sound health
7. a. Father booked three seats on a plane.
b. Tom bought the tickets at the booking office outside the cinema.
8. a. On his way home he bought some apples at fruit stand.
b. The injured driver can hardly stand the pain any longer
c .This book stands high in my opinion.
9. To construct a reservoir is an important government project
10. a. Lovely Christmas presents are placed on the floor around a tree.
b. When George left office, the director presented him with a silver teapot.
c. We learn from the past, experience the present, and hope for success in the future.
第二章 句子
第一节 简单句
简单句的五种基本句型
英语句子的主要特征是:是句子就必须含有主、谓。英语简单句有以下五种基本句型。
1.主语+系动词+表语(简称,主系表)
系动词+表语构成名词性合成谓语;可作表语的有名词、名词所有格、代词主格或宾格、名词性物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、形容词、副词、数词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、动名词、动词不定式和从句等。
She is a student.(名词)她是个学生。
He seems a clever boy.他似乎是个聪明的男孩。
She looks like her mother.(介词短语)她样子象她母亲。
The film is moving.(现在分词)这影片令人感动。
This shirt is not yours,but hers.(名词性物主代词)
这件衬衫不是你的,是她的。
2.主语+不及物动词(简称,主谓)
The sun rises.太阳升起来了。
He has just come.他刚来。
3.主语+及物动词+宾语(简称,主谓宾)
We love our motherland.我们热爱祖国。
she reads newspapers after supper.她晚饭后读报。
I like swimming.我喜欢游泳。
Li Ping wants to be a doctor.李平想当医生。
4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(简称,主谓双宾)
直接宾语和间接宾语又叫双宾语。直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人。二者没有逻辑的主谓关系。要求跟双宾语的动词可分为两类:
(1)give,show,send,pass,hand,lend,post,serve,read,take,write,tell,teach.return,wish,allow,offer,promise,throw等。(sth. to sb.)
I lent her a novel.= I lent a novel to her. 我借给她一本小说。
Please show her your photos.= Please show your photos to her.
请把你的照片给她看看。
(2)buy,do, make,find,build, choose,cut,draw, earn,gather,paint,pick, prepare get,order,sing,spare等。(sth. for sb.)
Her mother bought her a red skirt.
= Her mother bought a red skirt for her.
她母亲给她买了一条红裙子。
Please do me a favor.= Please do a favor for me. 请帮个忙。
5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补(简称,主谓复合宾)
有些动词带一个宾语意思不完整,还需要一个宾语补足语进一步说明,意思才完整。宾语+宾语补足语构成复合宾语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑的主谓关系。双宾语之间则没有逻辑的主谓关系。
可作宾语补足语的词类有:名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词和介词短语。
常见的要求带宾补的动词有:make,elect,choose,call,name,leave,find, keep, think, set, let,see,show,ask,tell,invite,want,wish,advise,get,force,oblige,allow,permit,like,encourage,order,expect,prefer,hate,persuade等。
Her parents named her Mary.(名词)父母给她取名玛丽。
Do you find life hard here?(形容词)你感觉这儿的生活艰苦吗?
I’m so glad I found you in.(副词)我很高兴你在家。
I strongly advised him not to do so.(不定式)我竭力劝他不要这样做。
Suddenly I felt the atmosphere grow tense.
(不带to 的不定式)我突然感到气氛紧张起来。
I noticed him leaving the house.(-ing形式)我注意到他离开房子。
I was glad to see them so well treated.
(-ed形式)看到他们受到这样好的待遇,我很高兴。
另外,有些动词要求用it作形式宾语,名词或形容词作宾补,如:make,find,feel,think.
I feel it necessary to speak about my opinion.
(形容词)我觉得有必要谈谈我的意见。
思考题
1、什么叫双宾语?
2、什么叫复合宾语?
3、双宾语和复合宾语有什么区别?举例说明。
练习题:说出系列各句分别是哪种句型;如果含有宾补,请划出作宾补的词语。
1、The old man stopped to watch the children playing.
2、She is deeply moved.
3、What I want is this.
4、She is out.
5、Her job is looking after the children.
6、I hope that you can often write me letters.
7、Allow me a few minutes to read the magazine.
8、She offered an old man her seat.
9、She wrote a letter to me.(她写了封信给我。)
10、She wrote a letter for me.(她替我写了封信。)
11、How do you find the dish?
12、Please ask them upstairs.
13、Will you allow me to take this magazine home?
14、I’ve never seen you look so well before.
15、He kept you wait a long time.
16、They invited me to attend the party.
17、They made Smith the president of the University.
18、Doctors recognize Johnson as a leading authority.
19、His teacher advised him to take up the piano.
20、He gave me the facts in brief
第二节 并列句
并列句包括两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简单句。其结构为“简单句+连词+简单句”或中间由“;”连接。
1、表示延续、并列关系的连词有and(同,和),so(所以,因此),for, therefore(因为,所以),not only…but(also)(不仅……而且),neither…nor(既不……也不)等。如:
We help them and they help us.
我们帮助他们,他们帮助我们。
He has been working hard, so he has made much progress recently.
他一直努力工作,所以他近来取得了很大进步。
I think,therefore I exist.
我思故我在。
She not only writes her own plays, but she also acts in them.
她不仅自己编剧本,还饰演其中的角色。
He neither speaks English, nor understands it.
他既不会讲英语,也听不懂英语。
2、表示两者之间选择其一常用的有or(或者,否则),otherwise(否则),or else(否则),either…or(不是……就是)。如:
Either he is to blame or I am.
不是他该受责,就是我该受责。
You must go to work or/or else/otherwise you’ll lose your job.
你得去上班了,要不然就要失去这份工作了。
3、表示转折关系的并列连词有but(但是),yet(然而),still(仍然),however(然而),while(而,可是另一方面),whereas(而,反过来)等。
He is well over seventy, but he doesn’t look at all old.
他七十多岁,但看上去一点儿也不老。
She trained hard all year, yet she still failed to reach her best form.
她全年艰苦训练,然而仍未达到自己的最佳状态。
I drink black coffee while he prefers it with cream
我爱喝清咖啡而他喜欢加奶油的。
第三节 复合句
复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。从句包括名词性从句(主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句)、状语从句和定语从句。 如:
What he said is true. 他所说的是真的。(主语从句)
I didn’t hear what he had said. 我没听见他说的什么。(宾语从句)
The question is who will go there. 问题是谁愿意去那里。(表语从句)
I was about to leave,when the telephone rang.
我正准备离开,电话响了。(状语从句)
This is the book that I bought yesterday. 这是我昨天买的书。(定语从句)
名词性从句、状语从句和定语从句三大从句的具体用法下面我们要分别具体解释。
练习:判断下列句子是并列句还是复合句。
1. The wind blew hard; the snow fell heavily.
2. Use your head,and you’11 find the answer.
3. Do what you’ve been told,otherwise you will be punished.
4. Would you like a cup of coffee or shall we get down to business right away?
5. He is strong,while his brother is weak.
6. He got up early,(and)yet he failed to catch the early bus.
7. He knew what he wanted,however,he didn’t know how to get it.
8. Why he didn’t come wasn’t quite clear.
9. When we’ll have the sports meet hasn’t been decided yet.
10. She is weak, while his son is strong.
11. Though he is old,(yet)he works very hard.
12. I really believe(that)Tom was telling the truth.
13. I am sure that we can get there on time.
14. Do you know the man who is talking to Mr. Jack?
15. Where there is a will, there is a way.
16. Spring comes and trees turn green.
17. He doesn’t smoke,neither/nor does his brother.
18. I spoke so slowly that I could make myself understood.
第四节 名词性从句
一、 定义
首先,请同学们说出下列句各中划线词的词性及语法作用。
Mary is a teacher.
I like English.
结论:它们都是名词,在句中分别做主语、表语和宾语。即在英语中名词的主要作用是做主语、表语和宾语。
然后,我们一起分析下列各句中划线部分的语法作用。
That Mary is a teacher is known to us all.
I know that Mary is a teacher.
The fact is that Mary is a teacher.
结论:它们分别做主语、宾语和表语。均起到了一个名词的作用。再者,划线部分本身就是一个句子,故在复合句中起名词作用的从句统称名词性从句。
二、分类
请重读上述例句并依据它们在全句中的作用,说出它们具体的从句名称。
That Mary is a teacher is known to us all.
I know that Mary is a teacher.
The fact is that Mary is a teacher.
结论:在复合句中起主语作用的从句称为主语从句;
起____作用的从句称为宾语从句;
起表语作用的从句称为____从句;
名词性从句分三类:主语从句;宾语从句和表语从句。
三、连词
引导名词性从句的引导词有三类:
1. that
2. whether/if(主要用于引导主语从句和宾语从句);as if(主要用于引导表语从句)
3. who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how.
主语从句
that引导的主语从句
That he will come tomorrow is certain.
That she became monitor made us happy.
英文中有一种习惯,把that 引导的主语从句用it来代替它,即it做形式主语,把做真正主语的主语从句放在主句之后。如:
That he will come tomorrow is certain.
=It is certain that he will come tomorrow. 再例:
It is necessary that we learn English well.
It is a pity that we can’t go shopping.
It is said that he has been to England.
whether引导的主语从句
Whether she will be our teacher is not clear.
=It is not clear whether she will be our teacher.
Whether he will succeed or not doesn’t interest me.
=It doesn’t interest me whether he will succeed or not.
wh-词和how 引导的主语从句
(who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why均以wh开头,故统称wh-词)
Who will be our English teacher has not been decided.
What you have said sounds reasonable.
注意:1. that在主语从句中不起任何语法作用,但不能省略。
2. if 不能引导主语从句。
宾语从句
它可以作动词谓语的宾语,也可作非谓语动词、某些介词和某些形容词的宾语。
that引导的宾语从句
I really believe(that)Tom was telling the truth.
I am sure that we can get there on time.
由that引起的宾语从句在意思上相当于陈述句,此时that常可省去,但在以下几种情况下,that不可省。
1)that从句被短语,词组等与谓语动词分隔开时,that不可省。
They told us once again that this should never happen.
(此句中that引导的宾语从句被词组once again与主句隔开,因此that不可省。)
Everyone could see,I believe, that Mike was terrified.
(句中I believe为插入语,故that不可省)
2)当连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,第二个从句及以后的连接词that不可省。
She said(that)her mother had gone abroad and that she would come back in a week.
whether,if 引导的宾语从句
I don,t know if/whether he has ever been to New York.
I wonder whether he can speak German or not.
以上例句中的whether和if(是否)都是引导宾语从句的,一般情况下whether,和if可互换。但在下列情况下whether和if不可换用。
1)whether之后可紧跟or not或构成whether.. .or not结构,if后一般不能紧跟or not,但可构成if...or not结构.
I wonder whether/if Mr.Smith has arrived or not.
I wonder whether or not Mr.Smith has arrived.(不可用if代替)
2)当宾语从句是否定句时,只可用if而不可用whether。
I don’t care if she doesn’t smile.
3)当该宾语从句为介词宾语时,只可用whether而不可用if.
I’m not interested in whether you are against the proposal or not.
4)当宾语从句中出现了并列连词or构成的并列结构时,只可用whether而不可用if.
He asked me whether I was a student or a teacher.
wh-词和how 引导的宾语从句
I can’t imagine why he did that thing.
Please tell me where you went yesterday.
注意:1. 整个复合句是疑问句时,其中的宾语从句应用陈述句的语序。
2. 当主句的谓语动词是过去时态时,宾语从句的谓语应用过去相应的时态。(表示真理的和客观事实的除外)
表语从句
that引导的表语从句
The reason was that he fell ill.
My idea is that we should spend our holiday in Qingdao.
as if 引导的表语从句
The question is whether it is worth doing.
It looks as if it is going to rain.
wh-词和how 引导的表语从句
Is this where he was born?
The important thing is what on earth has happened to him.
The question is who will go there.
思考题
1.主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句为什么统称为名词性从句?
2.that 引导主语从句和宾语从句有什么异同?
3.whether 和if 在引导名词性从句时的区别是什么?
4.在宾语从句中,哪几种情况that不能省略?在语序和时态方面应注意什么?
练习:
一、找出下列各复合句中的从句并说明是什么从句,且口译全句。
1. It is a wonder that he should know so much about this matter.
2. I’m sure that you are the tallest man in the world.
3. We are afraid that the trip will be too much for an old man.
4. It doesn’t make much difference whether they come or not.
5. Whether or not he is your friend doesn’t too much.
6. Where she has gone is not known yet.
7. You may take whatever you like.
8. He told me where he had been.
9. I know when we will take off for London.
10. How he became a three-good student is known to us a11.
11. Why he didn’t come wasn’t quite clear.
12. It happened that they went out when I called.
13. When we’11 have the sports meet hasn’t been decided yet.
14. Whom the teacher will praise in class is an important question.
15. I’m sorry that I didn’t recognize you just now.
16. We are glad that none of you failed in this exam.
17. He said that he would call on his old teacher.
18. I heard that some of the old teachers in our school had retired.
19. I want to know what has happened to her.
20. Whose answer is correct will be discussed at the meeting.
21. Which composition is the best will be decided tomorrow.
22. I was surprised at what you said.
23. Did he say anything about how the work was to be done?
24. The question is whether it worth doing.
25. The reason is that he fell ill.
二、单项选择
1.Can you tell me_____?
A. who is that gentleman B.that gentleman is who
C. who that gentleman is D.whom is that gentleman
2.Can you tell me _____ the railway station?
A, how I can get to B. how can I get to
C. where I can get to D.where can I get to
3.Ask her _____ come with me.
A. if she will B.if will she
C.whether will she D.will she
4. I have no idea _____ far the airport is from here.
A.what B. how C.it’s D.that
5.They have no idea at all ______ .
A. where he has gone B.where did he go
C. which place has he gone D.where has he gone
6._____ he said is true.
A. What B.That C.Which D.Whether
7._____ you have done might do harm to other people.
A.That B. What C.Which D.This
8.They want to know _____ do to help us.
A. what can they B. what they can
C. how they can D.how can they
9. These photographs will show you ______.
A.what does our village look like B. what our village looks like
C.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like
10. _____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone B.The person C. Whoever D.Who
11. _____ we need more practice is quite clear.
A.When B.What C. That D./
l2. _____ I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business
A.If B. Whether C. Even if D.No matter when
13._____ he is doing seems quite difficult.
A.How B.That C.Which D. What
14. ______ that there is another good harvest this year.
A.It says B. It is said C.I was said D.He was said
15. It is suggested that a new building_____.
A. be built at once B. should build next year
C.would be built at once D. could be built next year
16.It is suggested that the experiment _____ under low temperature.
A.makes B.is making C. should be made D.will be made
17._____ was quite helpful.
A. What they advised me to do B.That they advised me to do
C. What did they advise me to do D.All what they advised me to do
18._____ still needs to be discussed.
A. How is the plan to be carried out B. How the plan is to be carried out
C. Why is the plan carried out D. Why the plan is carried out
19.The question is _____ we’11 overcome all the difficulties.
A.what B. how C.that D.which
20.Shanghai is no longer the same city _____ .
A. as it used to be B.what it used to be
C. as it is used to being D.that it used to be
21.Is it possible _____ he misunderstood _____ I said?
A.that, that B. what, what
C.what, that D. that, what
22.He thought _____ he might fail in the exam worried him.
A.which B. that C.when D.so that
23.The fact is ____ he is an advanced worker.
A.what B.which C. that D.why
24.I have no idea _____.
A. what does the word“infinity”mean
B. what the word“infinity”means
C. what the meaning of word the“infinity”
D. what the word“infinity”mean
25.I wonder _____ he asked such a silly question in public.
A.how B.what C.that D. why
26.Are you sure _____?
A. whether she is honest B.that she is honesty
C. she is honest D.is she honest
27.He _____ you are not going abroad.
A.surprised that B. is surprised that
C.surprised at D. is surprised whether
28. What I said was wrong in the last letter for you.I wish I ______ it back.
A. could take B. would take C.will take D.take
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英语单词是学英语的基础,多记忆背诵才能学好英语。下面读文网小编为大家带来小学四年级基础英语单词,供大家参考学习!
horse[ hɔ:s ]马
hen[ hen ]母鸡
lamb[ læm ]小羊;羔羊
goat[ ɡəut ]山羊.
pretty[ 'priti ]漂亮的;可爱的
cheap[ tʃi:p ] 便宜的.
expensive[iks'pensiv]昂贵的.
sixty[ 'siksti(:) ]六十
seventy[ 'sevənti ] 七十.
hundred[ 'hʌndrəd ]百
family[ 'fæmili ]家庭
parents['pɛərənts]父母
uncle[ 'ʌŋkl ] 叔叔;舅舅.
aunt[ ɑ:nt ]姨;姑姑;婶;.
baby[ 'beibi ] 婴儿..
people[ 'pi:pl ]人
strong[ strɔŋ ]强壮的
quiet[ 'kwaiət ]安静的.
friend[ frend ] 朋友.
Chinese [trai'ni:z] n.中文,汉语;中国人adj.中国的,中国人的;
photo[ 'fəutəu ] 照片..
computer game[ kəm'pju:tə ] [ ɡeim ]电脑游戏
her[ hə: ]她的
right [ rait ]对的;正确的
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英语单词是学英语的基础,多记忆背诵才能学好英语。下面读文网小编为大家带来六年级基础英语单词,欢迎大家学习!
read a magazine [,mæɡə'zi:n] 阅读杂志
go to the cinema ['sinəmə] 去看电影
theme [θi:m] park [pɑ:k] 主题公园
the Great [ɡreit] Wall [wɔ:l]长城
actor ['æktə] (男演员)
actress ['æktris] (女演员)
artis ['ɑ:tist] t(画家)
fall [fɔ:l]落下
down[daun] 向下
into ['intu:]进入
come out 露出
again[ə'ɡen] 又
seed[si:d] (种子)
soil[sɔil] (土壤)
sprout[spraut] (苗,芽)
touris['tuərist] t 旅行者;
way [wei]路;道
motor cycle['saikl] 摩托车
police[pə'li:s] 警方;警察部门
meter[mi:tə] 米
ton[tʌn, tuŋ] 吨
each[i:tʃ] 各自;每个
squid[skwid] 鱿鱼
lobster['lɔbstə] 龙虾
shark[ʃɑ:k] 鲨鱼
soon 立刻;不久
tired['taiəd]疲劳的,累的
excited[ik'saitid]兴奋的
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英语其实是一门很有趣,也很实用的语言。成年人也应该利用闲暇时间多学习英语,提升自己的价值。那么到底有什么好的成年人零基础学习英语的方法呢?下面读文网小编为大家带来成年人零基础学习英语的方法,欢迎大家学习!
对于在职人士而言,对于英语学习最重要的就是能用,比如:主要想提升英语口语,英语写作,商务英语,职场英语等,因此,学习英语的内容也是有针对性的,这样才能真正做到学以致用,并也能体会一门语言的真实魅力所在。 其实英语学习的方法有很多种,只要能找出一种适合自己的,就一定能够取得成功,相信自己。
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基础就是指事物发展的根本或起点的意思,不管学什么都要扎扎实实地打好基础,练好基本功才是最重要的。那么你想知道基础用英语怎么读吗?下面读文网小编为大家带来基础的英语读法,希望对你有所帮助。
1. They will concentrate on teaching the basics of reading, writing and arithmetic.
他们将集中教授阅读、写作和算术基础知识。
2. The degree provides a thorough grounding in both mathematics and statistics.
该学位课程将为数学和统计学打下扎实的基础。
3. This basic utilitarian model gives a relatively unsophisticated account of human behaviour.
这个实用的基础模型较为简略地解释了人类的行为。
4. Canadian libel law is based on English common law.
加拿大的诽谤法是以英国的习惯法为基础的。
5. All vessels were to be built on a cost-plus basis.
所有的船只都将在成本加利润的基础上制造。
6. A substantial proportion of the population speak a French-based patois.
人口中有一大部分说以法语为基础的混合语。
7. Dr. Mesibov set forth the basis of his approach to teaching students.
梅西伯夫博士阐述了他的教学方法的基础。
8. The infrastructure, from hotels to transport, is old and decrepit.
从宾馆到交通,所有的基础设施都已陈旧失修。
9. He was determined to give his family a secure and solid base.
他决定给家人一个牢固坚实的生活基础。
10. Diplomats meeting in Chile have laid the groundwork for far-reaching environmental regulations.
在智利会面的外交官们已经为那些对未来影响深远的环境保护条例的制定打好了基础。
11. Japanese proprietors are erecting a complex infrastructure of political influence throughout America.
日本商人正在美国各地建立复杂的、具有政治影响力的基础结构。
12. I am determined to build on this solid foundation.
我决定在这个坚实的基础之上继续努力。
13. The authorities have said they will attempt to maintain essential services.
当局已表示他们将努力维持公共基础服务。
14. Consultation is traditional in the consensual Belgian system of labour relations.
协商是建立在意见一致基础上的比利时劳资关系体系的传统做法。
15. Three of the new products are based on traditional herbal medicines.
有3种新产品是以传统的草药为基础研制的。
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想要练好英语口语就要注重平时的口语训练,那么你想要一些基础的英语对话来练习口语吗?下面读文网小编为大家带来基础英语情景对话练习材料,希望对大家的学习有所帮助!
A:Good morning, Mr.zhang.
A:早上好,张先生。
B:Good morning.
B:早上好。
A:How are you? How nice to see you again.How is everthing going?
A:你好吗?很高兴能再次见到你。过得怎么样?
B;Very well, What about you?
B:非常好,你怎么样?
A:Not bad, thanks, Our company has sent me to pick you up here.
A:还可以,谢谢。我们公司派我来这儿接你。
B:That is so nice of you.
B:你们真是太好了。
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英语口语重在平时的日常练习,那么你想要一些基础的日常英语对话练习口语吗?下面读文网小编为大家带来,希望对你有所帮助!
A:Excuse me, can you tell me where central Park Street is?
A:对不起,请问中央公园大街在哪儿?
B:Turn right at the third light and then go straight for two blocks.
B:第三个红绿灯处右转,一直走,过两个街区。
A:ls it far?
A:请问远吗?
B:No. lt's only a ten-minute walk.
B:不远,走IO分钟就到。
A:l see. Thanks a lot.
A:我明白了,多谢。
B:You're welcome.
B:不客气。
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想练习英语口语,那么英语情景对话就是你最好的练习材料,下面读文网小编为大家带来日常基础英语情景对话,欢迎大家学习!
A:Mum,pass me some more please!
A:妈妈,请再给我一点。
B:Tina,you should have more nutritious food.Don't eat these crisps any more.
B:蒂娜,你该吃些更有营养的食物,别总吃这些炸土豆片了。
A:But the ads say they're most nutritious.
A:可广告说它们非常有营养。
B:Have you ever heard the ads say anything bad about their products?
B:你听广告说他们的产品不好吗?
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中考英语语法知识归纳总结人教版最新
备考中考英语时,需要对重点语法和一些常考的知识点进行全面的复习。那么中考英语知识点怎么学习呢?以下是小编准备的一些中考英语语法知识归纳总结人教版,仅供参考。
一、听力
听力题主要考查整体理解和获取对话核心信息的能力。应试技巧:1.克服紧张心理,放松自己。心态平稳,才能有效发挥。2.试卷下发后,浏览问题题干,快速预测,以便带着问题有目的地去听。3.集中注意力听录音,果断答题。4.要学会放弃。如果有部分信息确实没听清楚,不要纠缠,马上放弃,以免影响后面答题。5.平时听力训练时要养成简写速记的习惯。
二、完形填空
完形填空题考查词汇知识、阅读能力、逻辑推理判断能力。应试技巧:1.快速通读短文,把握大意。特别注重首尾句的理解,抓住各段的主题句,理顺思路,为后面答题做好铺垫。2.在通读全文、理解大意的基础上,根据固定搭配、习惯用法、上下文暗示先选出一部分答案。然后细读全文,联系上下文内容、短语意思、语法法则、固定搭配等,对选项进行逐一比较和筛选,排除错误选项,最终确定正确答案。3.个别无法确定答案的,先跳过,往往能从下文暗示中找到答案。4.通读全文,验证答案。完成答案后,把所选的答案代入原文,通读全文,对所选答案进行核实调整。重要提示:切忌不通读全文,看一空填一空。
三、阅读理解
阅读理解主要考查学生阅读理解、获取信息和处理信息的能力。应试技巧:1.先看问题,再阅读。带着问题快速阅读全文,把握文章大意,明确作者观点和态度,寻求所需要的信息。2.注重主题句,各段的首尾句。3.概括大意,揣摩文章中心,掌握主旨和作者意图,不要过分推敲语言点。4.遇到生词要根据上下文或语境猜词义,不必停顿时间过长。
四、书面表达
书面表达考查学生综合语言运用能力。应试技巧:写作前:1.审题。审题要仔细,理清写作的体裁和格式,明确信息要点及词数限定等。抓住主旨要义,形成书面表达的思路及框架。2.整编。整合信息要点,分清段落层次,编写出提纲。写作中:1.根据体裁和信息要点明确作文所需要的重点句型和短语,尽量使用自己熟知的句型和短语。遇到不会词句,换用另一种意义相近的句式表达。2.遣词造句,用词地道。3.行文连贯。句与句之间,段与段之间连接自然连贯。写作后:1.检查与修改。重点检查:要点是否全面;内容是否完整;格式是否正确;句型、短语是否准确;语法有否错误;拼写有否错误;字数是否符合要求。2.考生在答卷时,写草稿,或写简略提纲,书写清楚规范,做到零涂改,确保卷面整洁。
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高考英语语法必考知识点归纳(完整版)
英语高考本身就不仅仅是背背单词那么简单的,高考英语涉及到很多语法知识,是一次非常全面正式的考试。以下是小编准备的一些高考英语语法必考知识点归纳,仅供参考。
听力应试技巧与策略
听前:略读题目,切入话题,划出重点,预测内容(确定人物身份)
听中:捕捉信息,速记要点,有的放矢,去伪存真(短文独白,首末为主旨句,注意5W,1H)
听后:连贯记忆,前后联系,综合考虑,一锤定音。
阅读理解
1.归纳标题题
特点:短小精悍,一般多为一个短语;涵盖性强,一般能覆盖全文意思;精确性强,表达范围要恰当,不能随意改变语意程度或色彩。常见命题形式有:
What’s the best title for the text?
The best title for this passage is ____.
Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
2. 概括大意题
包括寻找段落大意(topic)和文章中心思想(main idea),常见命题形式有:
What is the general/main idea of the passage?
Which of the following expresses the main idea?
What is the subject discussed in the text?
细节理解题
考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等议论文中例证细节和定义类细节。这类题目的共同特点是:答案一般都能在文章中找到。当然,答案并不一定是文章中的原句,考生需要根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。
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