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英语散文的发展历程十分曲折,散文大家风格多变,兼之中英语言个性殊异,若要成功地把英语散文大家的作品翻译到中文,既须了解英语散文发展的概况,又须注意保证气韵逻辑通畅,文气沛然,才能传神译出,曲尽其妙,令汉语读者获得相同或相近的审美感受。下面读文网小编为大家带来名家经典散文阅读,希望大家喜欢!
It is an illusion that youth is happy, an illusion of those who have lost it; but the young know they are wretched, for they are full of the truthless ideals which have been instilled into them, and each time they come in contact with the real they are bruised and wounded. It looks as if they were victims of a conspiracy; for the books they read, ideal by the necessity of selection, and the conversation of their elders, who look back upon the past through a rosy haze of forgetfulness, prepare them for an unreal life.
They must discover for themselves that all they have read and all they have been told are lies, lies, lies; and each discovery is another nail drivens into the body on the cross of life. The strange thing is that each one who has gone through that bitter disillusionment add to it in his turn,, unconsciously, by the power within him which is stronger than himself.
认为青春是快乐的,这是一种错觉,是那些失去了青春的人的一种错觉。年轻人知道,自己是不幸的,他们脑子里充斥了被灌输的不切实际的想法,每次与现实接触时,都会碰的头破血流。似乎,他们是某种阴谋的牺牲者:那些他们所读过的精挑细选的书,那些长辈们谈起的因遗忘而蒙上玫瑰色薄雾的往事,都为年轻人提供了一种不真实的生活。
他们必须自己发现,所有他们读到的、听到的东西,都是谎言、谎言、谎言。每一次的这样的发现,都像是另一根钉子钉入他们的身体,那被束缚在生活的十字架上的身体。可是奇怪的是,每个曾经被这种错觉折磨过的人,轮到他们时,有一种不可控制的力量,让他们不自觉地为别人增添这种错觉。
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英语散文的发展历程十分曲折,散文大家风格多变,兼之中英语言个性殊异,若要成功地把英语散文大家的作品翻译到中文,既须了解英语散文发展的概况,又须注意保证气韵逻辑通畅,文气沛然,才能传神译出,曲尽其妙,令汉语读者获得相同或相近的审美感受。下面读文网小编为大家带来经典名家散文双语阅读,希望大家喜欢!
史铁生
双腿瘫痪后,我的脾气变得暴怒无常。望着天上北归的雁阵,我会突然把面前的玻璃砸碎;听着听着李谷一甜美的歌声,我会猛的把手边的东西摔向四周的墙壁。母亲就悄悄地躲出去,在我看不见的地方偷偷地听着我的动静。当一切恢复沉寂,她又悄悄地进来,眼边红红的,看着我。
When my legs were first paralyzed, my temper became terrible. Looking at the lines of wildgeese flying back north, I would suddenly smash the window pane in front of me. Listening tothe sweet songs sung by the famous singer Li Guyi, I would throw whatever happened to be onhand at the wall. On these occasions Mother would steal out quietly, watching me from a placewhere I could not see her. When I calmed down, she would come back softly and gaze at mewith sad eyes.
“听说北海的花儿都开了,我推着你去走走。”她总是这么说。母亲喜欢花,可自从我的腿瘫痪后,她侍弄的那些花都死了。
“They say that the flowers in Beihai Park are in bloom now. Let me wheel you there,” she usedto say. Mother loved flowers dearly, but ever since my legs became paralyzed, all her flowershad died.
“不,我不去!”我狠命地捶打这两条可恨的腿,喊着,“我活着有什么劲!”母亲扑过来抓住我的手,忍住哭声说:“咱娘儿俩在一块儿,好好儿活,好好儿活……”
“No, I won’t go!” I shouted, while beating my cursed legs as hard as I could. “What am I stillliving for?” Mother would then rush up to me, holding my hands in hers and saying betweensubdued sobs, “The two of us should live together happily, happily…”
可我却一直都不知道,她的病已经到了那步田地。后来妹妹告诉我,她常常肝疼得整宿翻来覆去地睡不了觉。
Although I did not know it, she had been seriously ill herself all the time. It was my youngersister who told me later that mother had often been kept awake the whole night with pains inthe liver.
那天我又独自坐在屋里,看着窗外的树叶唰唰啦啦地飘落。母亲进来了,挡住窗前:“北海的菊花开了,我推着你去看看吧。”她憔悴的脸上现出央求般的神色。“什么时候?”“你要是愿意,就明天?”她说。我的回答已经让她喜出望外了。“好吧,就明天。”我说。她高兴得一会儿坐下,一会站起:“那就赶紧准备准备。”“哎呀,烦不烦?几步路,有什么好准备的!”她也笑了,坐在我身边,絮絮叨叨地说着:“看完菊花,咱们就去‘仿膳’,你小时候最爱吃那儿的豌豆黄儿。还记得那回我带你去北海吗?你偏说那杨树花是毛毛虫,跑着,一脚踩扁一个……”她忽然不说了。对于“跑”和“踩”一类的字眼儿,她比我还敏感。她又悄悄地出去了。
One day I was alone in the room, watching the rustling fall of autumn leaves through thewindow when Mother came in. She stood between me and the window and said, “Thechrysanthemums in Beihai are blossoming. Do let me take you there for a visit.” Her sad eyes inher haggard face silently implored me. “When?” I asked.“Tomorrow, if it suits you,” she replied,pleasantly surprised at my interest.“Okay, tomorrow then,” I agreed. She was so delighted thatshe did not know whether to sit or to stand.“Let’s get ready right now,” she suggested. “Oh,what a bore! Do we need to get ready for a park just a few steps away?”I said. She burst outlaughing herself, sat down beside me and murmured, “After we’ve seen the chrysanthemums,we’ll dine at Fang Shan Restaurant. You used to love their puree of peas best when you were alittle boy. Still remember our last tour to Beihai? You insisted that the poplar flowers be wormsand ran to stamp on them one by one…” Here she broke off abruptly, more sensitive towords like “run” than I ever was. She went out again gently.
她出去了,就再也没有回来。
Yes, she went out, never to come back.
邻居们把她抬上车时,她还在大口大口地吐着鲜血。我没想到她已经病成那样。看着三轮车远去,她绝没有想到那竟是永远的诀别。
When the neighbors carried her onto the tricycle flatcart, she was still vomiting mouthfuls ofblood. I had never thought she could have been so seriously ill. Watching the three-wheeler go,I had not expected it would be her departure to eternity.
邻居的小伙子背着我去看她的时候,她正艰难地呼吸着,像她那一生艰难的生活。别人告诉我,她昏迷前的最后一句话是:“我那个有病的儿子和我那个还未成年的女儿……”
The young man next door carried me on his back to the hospital to see her. She was gaspingher last, in just the same way as she had lived her entire hard life. I was told later that her lastwords before passing away were: “I have an invalid son and an unmarried daughter…”
又是秋天,妹妹推我去北海看了菊花。黄色的花淡雅,白色的花高洁,紫红色的花热烈而深沉,泼泼洒洒,秋风中正开得烂漫。我懂得母亲没有说完的话。妹妹也懂,我俩在一块儿,要好好儿活……
It was another autumn when my sister wheeled me to Beihai park to see the chrysanthemums.The yellow ones were simple and elegant; the white ones, pure and noble; and the purple ones,warm and deep; all were in full bloom, dancing in the autumn breeze. I came to know whatmother hadn’t had time to finish, and so did my sister. We should live together happily…
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阅读英语散文,感受英语阅读的独特魅力,下面读文网小编为大家带来经典英语散文阅读欣赏,希望大家喜欢!
Touch Me is a soliloquy(独白)composed by Hank Miller, about the Vietnam (越南)Veterans(退伍军人) Memorial in Washington, D.C. also known as “The Wall”.
Touch me. Don’t be afraid. I can’t hurt you. Go ahead and touch my smooth surface. Feel the cold, glass-like smoothness and the crevices(裂缝) and lines that make me what I am. Use both hands if you wish. We are more similar than you dare to believe.
Touch my face. Yes, I have a face like yours. It has weathered(饱经风霜的) the centuries as yours has the years. My face portrays my evolution. Yours, the birth and death of a generation. My face has aged like yours as we have endured together the testimony(证据) of earth elements.
I have eyes like yours. My inscriptions(碑铭) stare out at you as I search for the meaning of why we are here. I look into your eyes and see who you are. Who am I? I was formed millions of years past and now you see the results of my evolution.
I can feel your hands and the sweat from your palms flow into the countless combination of the letters that make me. I know you. I have known you since I was able to breathe in the air as my smoothness began to take shape and my color matured along with natural flaws. You have known me since the days when you came to take me from my mother.
You cannot hear me. I am static(静态的) and unmoving. But, I can hear your murmurs(低语) and your cries of pain and sadness. Your sons and daughters ask why? There are no answers. I am very old. I have seen everything and I am none the wiser for the pain and suffering and I have witnessed since I rose from the bowels of the earth. I have witnessed the conflict, the death, the civilizations, and the societies that have come before you. Yet I remain mystified about this day.
I feel sad yet alive with a purpose. I have come to know those who are now an integral part of the reason for my being here at this place and time. That purpose has become apparent as I stand before you on this day while your brethren (同胞)gather to witness my reflections and the changes of light that mirror your soul.
I am a reflection of you…
I am all of you…
I am your spirit..
I am The Wall.
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通过阅读英语美文,不仅能够感受语言之美,领悟语言之用,还能产生学习语言的兴趣。下面读文网小编为大家带来经典优美英语散文阅读,欢迎大家阅读!
And the flight of birds, the gulls and rooks and little brown wavering things which flit out and along the edge of the chalk-pits, is once more refreshment to me, utterly untempered. A merle is singing in a bramble thicket; the dew has not yet dried off the bramble leaves. A feather of a moon floats across the sky; the distance sends forth homely murmurs;the sun warms my cheeks. And all of this is pure joy. No hawk of dread and horror keeps swooping down and bearing off the little birds of happiness. No accusing conscience starts forth and beckons me away from pleasure. Everywhere is supreme and flawless beauty. Whether one looks at this tiny snail shell,marvelously chased and marked, a very elf's horn whose open mouth is coloured rose; or gazes down at the flat land between here and the sea, wandering under the smile of the afternoon sunlight, seeming almost to be alive, hedgeless, with its many watching trees, and silver gulls hovering above the mushroom-coloured "ploughs", and Fields green in manifold hues; whether one muse on this little pink daisy born so out of time, or watches that valley of brown-rose-grey woods,under the drifting shadows of low-hanging chalky clouds - all is perfect, as only Nature can be perfect on a lovely day, when the mind of him who looks on her is at rest.
天空中各种禽鸟的飞翔,海鸥、白嘴鸭以及那些往来徘徊于白蛋坑边的棕色小东西我都感觉很欣慰,它们是那样的自由自在,一只不爱受拘束的画眉正呜叫绯徊在黑莓丛中,那叶间晨露还未干。轻如蝉翼的新月依然隐浮在天际;远处不时传来熟悉的声籁;而阳光正照我的脸颊。这一切都很愉快。这里见不到凶猛可怕的苍鹰飞扑而下,把小鸟攫去。这里不再有歉仄不安的良心把我从这逸乐之中唤走。到处都是无限欢乐,完美无瑕。这里张目四望,不管你看看眼前的蜗牛甲壳,雕镂刻画得那般精致,恍如童话里小精灵头上的细角,而且角端作薇薇色;还是俯瞰从此处至海上的一带平芜,它浮游于午后阳光的微笑之下,几乎活了起来,这里没有树篱,一片空旷,但有许多炯炯有神的树木,还有那银白的海鸥,翱翔在色如蘑菇的耕地或青葱翠绿的田野之间;不管你凝视的是这株小小的粉色雏菊而且慨叹它的生不逢时,还是注目那棕红灰褐的满谷林木,下面洁白的流云低低悬垂,暗影浮动——一切都是那么美好,这是只有大自然在一个风和日丽的天气,而且那观赏大自然的人的心情也分外悠闲的时候,才能见到的。
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英语散文的发展历程十分曲折,散文大家风格多变,兼之中英语言个性殊异,若要成功地把英语散文大家的作品翻译到中文,既须了解英语散文发展的概况,又须注意保证气韵逻辑通畅,文气沛然,才能传神译出,曲尽其妙,令汉语读者获得相同或相近的审美感受。下面读文网小编为大家带来经典哲理散文阅读,希望大家喜欢!
Ready or not, some day it will all come to an end. There will be no more sunrises, no days, no hours or minutes. All the things you collected, whether treasured or forgotten, will pass to someone else.
Your wealth, fame and temporal power will shrivel to irrelevance. It will not matter what you owned or what you were owed.
Your grudges, resentments, frustrations, and jealousies will finally disappear.
So, too, your hopes, ambitions, plans, and to-do lists will all expire. The wins and losses that once seemed so important will fade away.
It won't matter where you came from, or on what side of the tracks you lived.
It won't matter whether you were beautiful or brilliant. Your gender, skin color, ethnicity will be irrelevant.
So what will matter? How will the value of your days be measured?
What will matter is not what you bought, but what you built; not what you got, but what you gave.
What will matter is not your success, but your significance.
What will matter is not what you learned, but what you taught.
What will matter is every act of integrity, compassion, courage and sacrifice that enriched, empowered or encouraged others to emulate your example.
What will matter is not your competence, but your character.
What will matter is not how many people you knew, but how many will feel a lasting loss when you're gone.
What will matter is not your memories, but the memories of those who loved you.
What will matter is how long you will be remembered, by whom and for what.
Living a life that matters doesn't happen by accident.
It's not a matter of circumstance but of choice.
Choose to live a life that matters.
无论是否准备好,总有一天它都会走到尽头。那里没有日出,没有白天,没有小时和分钟。你收集的所有东西,不管你珍惜或忘记与否,它们都将流入他人手中。
不管是你得到的或是你欠别人的,可你的财产、名誉和权势也都会变成和你毫不相干的东西。
你的怨恨、愤慨、挫折和妒忌最终也将消失。
因此,你的希望、抱负、计划以及行动日程表也将全部结束。当初看得比较重的成功得失也会消失。
你来自何方,住在穷人区还是富人区也都不重要了。
你昔日的漂亮与辉煌也都不重要了,你的性别、肤色、种族地位也将消失。
因此,什么重要呢?怎么衡量你有生之年的价值呢?
重要的不是你买了什么,而是你创造了什么;不是你得到了什么,而是你给予了什么。
重要的不是你成功了,而是你生命的意义。
重要的不是你学到了什么,而是你传授了什么。
重要的是每个行动之中都有正直和勇气的气概,伟大的同情心和牺牲精神,并且鼓励他人遵从榜样。
重要的不是你的能力,而是你的性格。
重要的不是你认识多少人,而是在你离开后,别人会认为是个永远的损失。
重要的不是你想念谁,而是爱你的人想念你。
重要的是别人会记你多长时间,谁记着你,为什么记着你。
生命中重要的是平安无事。
那不是环境的问题,而是选择的问题。
选择有意义的人生吧!
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英语散文的发展历程十分曲折,散文大家风格多变,兼之中英语言个性殊异,若要成功地把英语散文大家的作品翻译到中文,既须了解英语散文发展的概况,又须注意保证气韵逻辑通畅,文气沛然,才能传神译出,曲尽其妙,令汉语读者获得相同或相近的审美感受。下面读文网小编为大家带来中国名家散文双语阅读,希望大家喜欢!
沈从文
天快黄昏时落了一阵雪子,不久就停了。天气真冷,在寒气中一切都仿佛结了冰。便是空气,也像快要冻结的样子。我包定的那一只小船,在天空大把撒着雪子时已泊了岸,从桃源县沿河而上这已是第五个夜晚。看情形晚上还会有风有雪,故船泊岸边时便从各处挑选好地方。沿岸除了某一处有片沙嘴宜于泊船以外,其余地方全是黛色如屋的大岩石。石头既然那么大,船又那么小,我们都希望寻觅得到一个能作小船风雪屏障,同时要上岸又还方便的处所。凡是可以泊船的地方早已被当地渔船占去了。小船上的水手,把船上下各处撑去,钢钻头敲打着沿岸大石头,发出好听的声音,结果这只小船,还是不能不同许多大小船只一样,在正当泊船处插了篙子,把当作锚头用的石碇抛到沙上去,尽那行将来到的风雪,摊派到这只船上。
Towards dusk it started snowing, but soon the snow stopped. It was bitterly cold. In thatglacial atmosphere everything seemed turned to ice, the air itself as if on the point of freezing.The small boat I had hired moored after the first flurries of snow fell. This was the fifth night ofmy trip upstream from Taoyuan. Because it looked as if we were in for a blizzard, the boatmenhad searched for a good anchorage. But apart from a suitable beach, the bank was a mass ofblack boulders the size of houses. Since they were so big and our boat was so small, we wantedto find some shelter from the wind in a place where we could easily go ashore. However, all thebest moorings wore occupicd by local fishing-boats. The crew punted our little craft up anddown, the steel tips of the punting-poles clinking melodiously on the rocks; but in the end wehad to draw alongside the other vessels large and small in the regular anchorage, dropping therock which served us as an anchor on to the sand and leaving our little craft exposed to thecoming blizzard.
这地方是个长潭的转折处,两岸是高大壁立千丈的山,山头上长着小小竹子,长年翠色逼人。这时节两山只剩余一抹深黑,赖天空微明为画出一个轮廓。但在黄昏里看来如一种奇迹的,却是两岸高处去水已三十丈上下的吊脚楼。这些房子莫不俨然悬挂在半空中,借着黄昏的金光,还可以把这些希奇的楼房形体,看得出个大略。这些房子同沿河一切房子有个共通相似处,便是从结构上说来,处处显出对于木材的浪费。房屋既在半山上,不用那么多木料,便不能成为房子吗?半山上也用吊脚楼形式,这形式是必须的吗?然而这条河水的大宗出口是木料,木材比石块还不值价。因此,即或是河水永远长不到处,吊脚楼房子依然存在,似乎也不应当有何惹眼惊奇了。但沿河因为有了这些楼房,长年与流水斗争的水手,寄身船中枯闷成疾的旅行者,以及其他过路人,却有了落脚处了。这些人的疲劳与寂寞是从这些房子中可以一律解除的。地方既好看,也好玩。
This place, at a bend in a long lake, was flanked by high cliffs on the peaks of which grew smallbamboos, an enchanting emerald the whole year round. Now that darkness was falling, onlytheir silhouettes were outlined against the faintly glimmering sky. What we could make out inthe dusk, though, was amazing—about three hundred feet up the cliff, high above the water,was a cluster of houses on stilts. There they hung majestically in mid air, and in the fading lightwe could still see the outline of these extraordinary buildings. In common with all the housesalong the river, their construction was characterized by a wasteful use of timber. Why was somuch timber needed for houses halfway up a hill? Yet they were built on stilts, quiteneedlessly. Well, timber was the main product shipped out from this river, costing less thanstone; and so, though there was no danger at all of flooding, it was really not astonishing thatthese houses were still built on stilts. And because they were there, the boatmen who grappledyear in year out with the current, their passengers nearly bored to death, and other travellerstoo had somewhere to rest. They could shake off their weariness and loneliness in thesehouses. So the place, besides being attractive, provided distractions.
河面大小船只泊定后,莫不点了小小的油灯,拉了篷。各个船上皆在后舱烧了火,用铁鼎罐煮红米饭。饭焖熟后,又换锅子熬油,哗的把菜蔬倒进热锅里去。一切齐全了,各人蹲在舱板上三碗五碗把腹中填满后,天已夜了。水手们怕冷怕动的。收拾碗盏后,就莫不在舱板上摊开了被盖,把身体钻进那个预先卷成一筒又冷又湿的硬棉被里去休息。至于那些想喝一杯的,发了烟瘾得靠靠灯,船上烟灰又翻尽了的,或一无所为,只是不甘寂寞,好事好玩想到岸上去烤烤火谈谈天的,便莫不提了桅灯,或燃一段废缆子,摇晃着从船头跳上了岸,从一堆石头间的小路径,爬到半山上吊脚楼房子那边去,找寻自己的熟人,找寻自己的熟地。陌生人自然也有来到这条河中来到这种吊脚楼房子里的时节,但一到地,在火堆旁小板凳上一坐,便是陌生人,即刻也就可以称为熟人乡亲了。
After the boats large and small had moored, all lit tiny oil lamps and fixed up mat canopies. Ricewas boiled in iron cauldrons over fires in the stem, and once this was cooked the vegetableswere fried in another pan of sizzling oil. When the meal was ready, everyone aboard could wolfdown three or five bowls. By then it was dark. When the bowls had been cleared away, theboatmen who felt cold or tired out spread their bedding on the deck and burrowed into theirstiff, clammy quilts which they had laid out like tubing. Those who wanted to drank or smokedby the lamp, and when the fire on the boat had burned to ashes or there was nothing to do, iflonely or eager for a bit of fun they would go ashore to sit by a fire and chat, taking the lanternfrom the mast or lighting a strip of old hawser with which they jumped unsteadily ashore totake the path through rocks to the stilt-houses halfway up the cliff, in search of an old friendor familiar house. Strangers naturally travelled along the river too, but once inside these stilt-houses, sitting on low stools by the fire, in no time they would feel not strangers but friends.
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弗朗西斯·培根是英国文艺复兴时期最重要的散文家、哲学家。他不但在文学、哲学上多有建树,在自然科学领域里,也取得了重大成就。他的第一部重要著作《随笔》最初发表于1597年,以后又逐年增补。该书文笔言简意赅、智睿夺目,它包含许多洞察秋毫的经验之谈,其中不仅论及政治而且还探讨许多人生哲理。下面读文网小编为大家带来培根经典散文随笔阅读,希望大家喜欢!
Many have made witty invectives against usury. They say, that it is pity, the devil should have God's part, which is the tithe. That the usurer is me greatest Sabbath breaker, because his plough goeth every Sunday. That the userer is the drone, that Virgil speaketh of: ignavum fucos pecus a praesepibus arcent.
许多人都曾经说过巧妙的骂放债的话。他们说,人类应给上帝的贡献是每人底收入底十分之一,而现在这上帝应得的一部竟被魔鬼占了,真是一件可悲的事。又说,放债的人乃是最大的破坏安息日的人,因为他底犁耙是每个安息日都在工作的。又说放债的人就是委吉尔所说的雄蜂。
That the usurer breaketh the first law that was made for mankind, after the fall; which was, in sudore vultus tui comedes panem tuum; not, in sudore vultus aliem. That usurers should have orange-tawny bonnets, because they do Judaise. That it is against nature, for money to beget money; and the like. I say this only, that usury is a concessum propter duritiem cads', for since there must be borrowing and lending, and men are so hard of heart as they will not lend freely, usury must be permitted. Some others have made suspicious and cunning propositions of banks, discovery of men's estates, and other inventions. But few have spoken of usury usefully. It is good to set before us the incommodides, and commodities of usury; that the good may be either weighed out, or culled out; and warily to provide, that while we make forth to that which is better, we meet not with that which is worse.
他们把那些雄蜂(一群偷懒的东西)从蜂房中驱逐出去了。又说放债的人把人类自失乐园以后的第一条法律破坏了。这第一条法律就是“你将汗流满面然后得食”,而放债的人却是“借他人面上的汗而得食”的。又说放债的人应该戴姜黄色的帽子,因为他们是变了犹太人了。又说钱生钱是有悖天道的,诸如此类。我只有这句话可说,就是,放债是“因为人心太硬而始蒙上帝允许的一种事”。因为既然借与贷是免不了的,而且人底心肠是硬得不肯白借钱给人的,那么放债的事情便非准许不可了。又有些人也曾经关于银行及财产呈报和其他的办法作过多疑而巧妙的建议,但是很少有关于放债这件事说过有用的话的。把放债的利与害列举在我们眼前,以便我们酌量采择其利,并且小心办理,庶几我们在走向改良之途的时候不要遇见比现在更坏的事情,这是好的。
The discommodities of usury are: first, that it makes fewer merchants. For were it not for this lazy trade of usury, money would not lie still, but would, in great part, be employed upon merchandising; which is the vena porta of wealth in a state. The second, that it makes poor merchants. For as a fanner cannot husband his ground so well, if he sit at a great rent; so the merchant cannot drive his trade so well, if he sit at great usury. The third is incident to the other two; and that is, the decay of customs of kings or states, which ebb or flow with merchandising. The fourth, that it bringeth the treasure of a realm or state into a few hands. For the usurer being at certainties, and others at uncertainties, at the end of the game; most of the money will be in the box; and ever a state flourisheth, when wealth is more equally spread. The fifth, that it beats down the price of land: for the employment of money is chiefly, either merchandising, or purchasing; and usury waylays both. The sixth, that it dolh dull and damp all industries, improvements, and new inventions, wherein money would be stirring, if it were not for this slug. The last, that it is the cancer and ruin of many men's estates; which in process of time breeds a public poverty.
放债底害处:第一它使商人底数目减少。因为要是没有放债这种懒惰生意,金钱是不会静止不动的,反之,大部分的金钱将被用在商业上,而商业乃是国家底财富底“门静脉”。第二,放债使商人性质变劣。因为,一个农人,假如他住在一个租价很大的田地上他就不能够好好地经营他底地土;类此,假如一个商人不得不靠高利贷的话,他就不能好好地进行他底生意。第三件害处是附属于上述的两件害处的,就是帝王或国家底税收之减少,税收原是随着贸易涨落的。第四件害处是放债把一国底财富都聚在少数人之手。因为放债的人是拿得稳的,而别的生意人是不能拿得稳的,所以到这场戏快结束的时候大多数的钱都进了放债为生的人底箱子了。然而一个国家总是在财富分配得最为平均的时候最为兴盛的。第五件害处是放债之举把土地的价值打低了;因为金钱底用处,主要是在做生意或购置田产,而放债却把这两种事业都路劫了。第六件害处是,放债把一切的工业、改良、和新的发明都挫折,压抑了,因为假如没有放债这种事业阻挠的话,在上述的种种事业中自会有金钱活动的。最末的一件害处是,放债是蠹害许多人底财产的东西,而这种行为经过了相当时间之后是会引起一种共同的贫乏的。
On the other side, the commodities of usury are. First, that howsoever usury in some respect hindereth merchandising, yet in some other it advanceth it: for it is certain, that the greatest part of trade is driven by young merchants, upon borrowing at interest: so as if the usurer either call in, or keep back his money, there will ensue presently a great stand of trade. The second is, that were it not for this easy borrowing upon interest, men's necessities would draw upon them a most sudden undoing; in that they would be forced to sell their means (be it lands or goods) far under foot; and so, whereas duty doth but gnaw upon them, bad markets would swallow them quite up.
在另一方面,放债底益处是,第一,无论放债之举在某种情形是多么阻挠商业的,然而在别的方面它却是助长商业的;因为商业底最大部分是由年轻的商人靠着借有利息的债而经营的,这是无疑的。如果放债的人把他底钱收回或者不放出去,马上就会发生商业上的大停滞。第二件益处是,要没有这样容易的用利息借债的办法,人们底需要将使他们骤然陷于没落;因为他们将不得不被迫而卖掉他们赖以为生的资产(无论是田产或货物)而且卖得价值远不及这些资产底真正价值。所以,放债的行为固然是蠹蚀这些人,但是若没有放债的行为,则坏的市面将把他们整个吞噬了。
As for mortgaging, or pawning, it will lime mend the matter, for either men will not take pawns without use; or if they do, they will look precisely for the forfeiture. I remember a cruel moneyed man, in the country, that would say; the devil take this usury, it keeps us from forfeitures of mortgages and bonds. The third and last is; that it is a vanity to conceive that there would be ordinary borrowing without profit; and it is impossible to conceive the number ofinconveniencies that will ensue, if borrowing be cramped.
至于抵押或典当之举,那也是无补于事的:因为,不是人们不肯无利息地收受抵押和典当;就是,如果他们肯这样做,他们必定会眼睛专注在没收那些资产上面的。记得有一位乡下的狠心富翁,他常说,“鬼把这种放债的举动拿去才好,它使得我们不能够没收抵押的产业和证券”。第三而第末的益处是,设想能有不带利息的一般借贷乃是虚妄的;并且,如果借贷之事一受拘束,将发生的不便之处其数目之多是不能想象的。
Therefore, to speak of the abolishing of usury is idle. All states have ever had it, in one kind or rate, or other. So as that opinion must be sent to Utopia.
因此要废止放债业的话是空话。所有的国家都有过这种生意的,不过种类与利率的不同罢了。所以这种意见只好送到乌托邦里去了。
To speak now, of the reformation and reiglement of usury; how the discommodities of it may be best avoided, and the commodities retained. It appears by the balance of commodities and discommodities of usury, two things are to be reconciled. The one, that the tooth of usury be grinded, that it bite not too much: the other, that there be left open a means, to invite moneyed men to lend to the merchants, for the continuing and quickening of trade. This cannot be done, except you introduce two several sorts of usury; a less, and a greater. For if you reduce usury to one low rate, it will ease the common borrower, but the merchant will be to seek for money. And it is to be noted that the trade of merchandise, being the most lucrative, may bear usury at a good rate; other contracts not so.
现在且一谈改良并管理放债业之道;如何可以避免它底害处而保持它底益处。从放债业底利害相权看来,有两件事是应当调和的。一件是,放债业底牙齿应当磨得钝一点,使它不至于咬人咬得太厉害;另一件是,应当留一个门户,可以鼓励有钱的人放债给商家,以便商业能够继续并活动。这件事情除非你创立两种大小不同的放债,是办不到的。因为,假如你把放债业全减到一个低利率上去,这种办法对一般的借债者将要容易一点而商人将不容易找到钱了。并且我们也应当注意,商品交易的事业,因为获利最厚,所以能担负高利贷,而别的事业则不如此。
To serve both intentions, the way would be briefly thus. That there be two rates of usury, the one free, and general for all; the other under licence only, to certain persons, and in certain places of merchandising. First therefore, let usury, in general, be reduced to five in the hundred; and let that rate be proclaimed to be free and current; and let the state shut itself out, to take any penalty for the same.
要把上述的两种目的都达到,其方法略如下。要有两种利率;一种是自由而且公开的;另一种是受统治的,唯有某种人并且在某种商业地域才可以得到允许的。因此第一,应当使普通放债底利率减到百分之五;这种利率应当公布为自由的通行的利率;并且国家应当担承对于这种的利率不加以罪。
This will preserve borrowing from any general stop or dryness. This will ease infinite borrowers in the country. This will, in good part, raise the price of land, because land purchased at sixteen years purchase will yield six in the hundred, and somewhat more, whereas this rate of interest yields but five. This, by like reason, will encourage and edge industrious and profitable improvements; because many will rather venture in that kind, than take five in the hundred, especially having been used to greater profit Secondly, let there be certain persons licensed to lend, to known merchants, upon usury at a higher rate; and let it be with the cautions following.
这个办法可使借贷之举免于停止或枯竭,也可以便利国内无数的借款人。并且,这个办法,在大体上,将提高田地底价值,因为以十六年交清买款为期买来的地一年之中可以产生百分之六或稍高的利息,而这种放债底利率则只能产生百分之五的利息也。以同样的理由,这种办法也将鼓励并激刺工业和有益的改良,因为许多人将宁愿投资于这些事业而不愿收百分之五的利益,尤其是收惯了较高的利息的人更要如此。第二,应该让一部分人得到允许,可以用较高的利率放债给知名的商人;这种事并且还得有如下的预防。
Let the rate be, even with the merchant himself, somewhat more easy, than that he used formerly to pay: for, by that means, all borrowers shall have some ease by this reformation, be he merchant, or whosoever. Let it be no rank or common stock, but every man be master of his own money: not that I altogether mislike banks, but they will hardly be brooked, in regard of certain suspicions. Let me state be answered, some small matter, for the licence, and the rest left to the lender: for if the abatement be but small, it will no whit discourage the lender. For he, for example, that took before ten or nine in the hundred, will sooner descend to eight in the hundred, than give over his trade of usury, and go from certain gains, to gains of hazard.
这种利率,即在那些商人底方面,也应该比他从前惯付的利率较为轻一点;因为由这种方法,所有的借款人都可以得到一点便利,无论他是商人或是任何人。放债的人不可是银行或公司,而每个人都应当是他自己底钱底主人。这并不是我完全憎恶银行,而是因为他们为了某种嫌疑的原故是很难受一般人底信任的。国家为了所发的允许证应当使放债人负责缴纳一笔小捐税,其余的利益则应当归之于放债的人;因为假如这种捐税底数目很小的话,它是决不会使放债的人灰心的。举例来说,那原先收百分之十或百分之九的利息的人是宁可降到百分之八而不肯放弃他底放债事业,撇下拿得稳的利益跑去求冒险的利益的。
Let these licenced lenders be in number indefinite, but restrained to certain principal cities and towns of merchandising: for then they will be hardly able to colour other men's monies in the country: so as the licence of nine will not suck away the current rate of five: for no man will send his monies far off, nor put them into unknown hands.
这些持有允许证的放债者其数目可以不必限定,不过他们营业的地点却应当限于某几个商业的城市;因为这样他们就不能掩饰国中他人底钱财:持有特许证可以放百分之九的利率的债的人就不会把那一般流行的百分之五的利率的钱吸收尽了;因为没有人肯把钱放到远处,或放在不相识的人底手里的。
If it be objected that this doth, in a sort, authorise usury, which before was, in some places, but permissive: the answer is; mat it is better to mitigate usury by declaration, than to suffer it to rage by connivance.
如果有人反对说,以前放债的事业不过是在某种地方受容忍,而我底办法差不多要使它成为合法的营业了;我的答语是用公开承认的办法补救放债底害处比默认其存在而使它横行的好一点。
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诗的最美之处就在于表达感情,让人有无限的想象,而这些想象永远是那么的美好。下面是读文网小编为大家带来外国经典英语诗歌阅读,希望大家喜欢!
Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone,
停止所有的时钟,切断电话
Prevent the dog from barking with a juicy bone,
给狗一块浓汁的骨头,让他别叫
Silence the pianos and with muffled drum
黯哑了钢琴,随着低沉的鼓
Bring out the coffin, let the mourners come.
抬出灵怄,让哀悼者前来。
Let aeroplanes circle moaning overhead
让直升机在头顶悲旋
Scribbling on the sky the message 'He is Dead'.
在天空狂草着信息他已逝去,
Put crepe bows round the white necks of the public doves,
把黑纱系在信鸽的白颈,
Let the traffic policemen wear black cotton gloves.
让交通员戴上黑色的手套。
He was my North, my South, my East and West,
他曾经是我的东,我的西,我的南,我的北,
My working week and my Sunday rest,
我的工作天,我的休息日,
My noon, my midnight, my talk, my song;
我的正午,我的夜半,我的话语,我的歌吟,
I thought that love would last forever: I was wrong.
我以为爱可以不朽:我错了。
The stars are not wanted now; put out every one,
不再需要星星,把每一颗都摘掉,
Pack up the moon and dismantle the sun,
把月亮包起,拆除太阳,
Pour away the ocean and sweep up the wood;
倾泻大海,扫除森林;
For nothing now can ever come to any good.
因为什么也不会,再有意味。
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诗的最美之处就在于表达感情,让人有无限的想象,而这些想象永远是那么的美好。下面是读文网小编为大家带来外国经典诗歌阅读,希望大家喜欢!
Bright star, would I were steadfast as thou art-- not in lone splendour hung aloft the night andwatching, with eternal lids apart. Like nature's patient, sleepless Eremite.
明亮的星星,但愿我能如你坚定--但并非孤独地在夜空闪烁高悬,睁着一双永不合拢的眼睛。犹如苦修的隐士彻夜无眠。
The moving waters at their priestlike task of pure ablution round earth's human shores.
凝视海水冲洗尘世的崖岸,好似牧师行施净体的沐浴。
Or gazing on the new soft-fallen mask Of snow upon the mountains and the moors-- no-yet stillsteadfast, still unchangeable.
或正俯瞰下界的荒原与群山被遮盖在轻轻飘落的雪罩里---并非这样--却永远坚定如故。
Pillow'd upon my fair love's ripening breast, to feel for ever its soft fall and swell, awake forever in a sweet unrest.
枕卧在我美丽的爱人的胸膛,永远能感到它的轻轻的起伏,永远清醒,在甜蜜的不安中。
Still, still to hear her tender-taken breath, and so live ever---or else swoon to death
永远、永远听着她轻柔的呼吸,永远这样生活---或昏厥而死去。
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对于那些我所爱和所关心的人,我正在学习这样表达,无论是用语言,还是用我对待他人及自己的方式,我把这种方式叫做放爱一条生路。下面是读文网小编为大家带来的经典英语散文阅读:放爱一条生路,希望大家喜欢!
The other day as I talked with a friend I recalled a story that I heard this summer. "A compassionate person, seeing a butterfly struggling to free itself from its cocoon, and wanting to help, very gently loosened the filaments to form an opening. The butterfly was freed, emerged from the cocoon, and fluttered about but could not fly. What the compassionate person did not know was that only through the birth struggle can the wings grow strong enough for flight. Its shortened life was spent on the ground; it never knew freedom, never really lived."
前几天和一位朋友闲聊时,我想起今年夏天听到的一个故事:“有个人很富有同情心,看到一只蝴蝶拼命挣扎想冲破茧的束缚,就帮了个忙,轻轻地解开茧丝使其露出一个缺口。蝴蝶得到解放,从茧中出来振翅欲飞,然而却飞不起来。这位富有同情心的人所不知道的是,只有经过挣扎破茧而出,翅膀才能变得强壮,可以飞翔。这只蝴蝶短暂的生命只能在地上度过了,它从未尝过自由的滋味,没有真正享受过生活。”
I call it learning to love with an open hand. It is a learning which has come slowly to me and has been wrought in the fires of pain and in the waters of patience. I am learning that I must free the one I love, for if I clutch or cling, try to control, I lose what I try to hold.
我把它叫做学会放爱一条生路。这个教训经历了痛苦的锻造和耐心的洗礼,我才逐渐认识到。我学会了必须给所爱的人自由,如果我抓得太紧、紧握不放、设法控制,结果可能会失去他们。
If I try to change someone I love because I feel I know how that person should be, I rob him or her of a precious right, the right to take responsibility for one's own life and choices and way of being. Whenever I impose my wish or want or try to exert power over another, I rob him or her of the full realization of growth and maturation. I limit and prevent by my act of possession, no matter how kind my intention.
如果我试图改变所爱的人,仅仅因为我觉得他/她应该这样,就等于是掠夺了他/她的一项珍贵的权利,即他/她对自己生命的责任权和生活方式的选择权。无论何时我把自己的意志和权力强加给别人,都会导致他/她无法完全成长和成熟。无论我的意图多么善良,我的控制行为还是限制和阻碍了他们。
I can limit and injure by the kindest acts of protection or concern. Over extended it can say to the other person more eloquently than words, "You are unable to care for yourself; I must take care of you because you are mine. I am responsible for you."
即使保护或关心这种最善意的行为也会限制和伤害别人。“你无法照顾自己,我必须照顾你,因为你是我的,我要对你负责。”对别人说这么动人的语言远远超越了你的权力。
As I learn and practice more and more, I can say to the one I love: "I love you, I value you, I respect you and I trust that you have the strength to become all that it ispossible for you to become — if I don't get in your way. I love you so much that I can set you free to walk beside me in joy and in sadness. I will share your tears but I will not ask you not to cry. I will respond to your needs. I will care and comfort you, but I will not hold you up when you can walk alone. I will stand ready to be with you in your grief and loneliness but I will not take it away from you. I will strive to listen to your meaning as well as your word, but I shall not always agree. Sometimes I will be angry and when I am, I will try to tell you openly so that I need not hate our differences or feel estranged. I can not always be with you or hear what you say for there are times when I must listen to myself and care for myself, and when that happens I will be as honest with you as I can be."
随着我学习和锻炼的增多,现在我会这样告诉我爱的人:“我爱你、珍惜你、尊重你,我相信你有足够的实力发展成为你想要成为的人——如果我不阻碍你的话。我是那么爱你,所以我给你自由,和我共享欢乐与悲伤。我会和你一起流泪,但我不会要求你停止哭泣。我会满足你的需要,关心你、安慰你,但在你能够独立行走时我不会阻挡你。我会时刻准备好,在你悲伤和孤独时站到你身边,但我不会把你的悲伤和孤独带走。我会尽力理解你的话语及其中涵义,但不会总是赞同。有时我会生气,当我生气时,我会尽量坦率地告诉你,这样我就不会对我们之间的分歧怀恨于心,产生疏远的感觉。我无法时刻与你在一起,或者听你诉说,因为有时我需要倾听自己,关心自己,当这些发生时,我会尽量告诉你。”
I am learning to say this, whether it be in words or in my way of being with others and myself, to those I love and for whom I care. And this I call loving with an open hand.
对于那些我所爱和所关心的人,我正在学习这样表达,无论是用语言,还是用我对待他人及自己的方式,我把这种方式叫做放爱一条生路。
I cannot always keep my hands off the cocoon, but I am getting better at it!
我不会总把双手从茧的身旁移开,但我正在逐渐进步!
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英语诗歌是英语语言的精华。它以最凝练的文字传递时间与空间、物质与精神、理智与情感。诗歌本身包含的丰富社会生活内容和艺术内涵,诗歌语言的独特的美与和谐都使它们具有无穷的魅力。下面读文网小编为大家带来外国名家经典英文诗歌,欢迎大家阅读!
My long two-pointed ladder's sticking through a tree
长梯穿过树顶,竖起两个尖端
Toward heaven still.
刺向沉静的天穹。
And there's a barrel that I didn't fill
梯子脚下,有一只木桶,
Beside it, and there may be two or three
我还没把它装满,还有两三个
Apples I didn't pick upon some bough.
苹果留在枝头,我还没摘下。
But I am done with apple-picking now.
但是我已把摘苹果这活干完了。
Essence of winter sleep is on the night,
四处弥漫着冬眠的气息。
The scent of apples; I am drowsing off.
那扑鼻的苹果香:我醺醺欲睡。
I cannot rub the strangeness from my sight
我揉揉眼睛,却揉不掉眼前的奇观。
I got from looking through a pane of glass
那是我透过早晨从饮水槽里。
I skimmed this morning from the drinking trough,
捞起的一片冰晶看到的。
And held against the world of hoary grass.
一个霜浓草衰的世界。
It melted, and I let it fall and break.
冰溶了,我由它掉下.碎掉。
But I was well
可是它还没落地,
Upon my way to sleep before it fell,
我却几乎坠入梦乡。
And I could tell,
我还能说出,
What form my dreaming was about to take.
我的梦境是什么样。
Magnified apples appear and disappear,
膨胀得硕大无比的苹果,忽隐忽现,
Stem end and blossom end,
一头是枝茎,一头是花朵,
And every fleck of russet showing clear.
每个红褐色的斑点,都清晰可见。
My instep arch not only keeps the ache,
我的脚底不仅忍受酸疼的折磨。
It keeps the pressure of a ladder-round.
而且还得经受梯子档的分量,
I feel the ladder sway as the boughs bend,
随着树枝摇晃,
And I keep hearing from the cellar-bin.
我觉得梯子也不停晃悠,轰隆隆的声响.
That rumbling sound,
我听到地窖里不时传出,
Of load on load of apples coming in.
苹果一桶桶地往地窖里送。
For I have had too much,
因为摘了那么多,
Of apple-picking; I am overtired,
苹果,我感到筋疲力尽.
Of the great harvest I myself desired.
尽管我一直盼望这样的好收成。
There were ten thousand thousand fruit to touch,
千万个苹果要去采摘,
Cherish in hand, lift down, and not let fall,
要珍放在手中,轻轻放下,不能掉地,
For all
因为所有的苹果
That struck the earth,
只要一掉地,
No matter if not bruised, or spiked with stubble,
即使没碰伤,也没叫草梗扎破,
Went surely to the cider-apple heap
也准会堆在一边酿酒。
As of no worth.
仿佛毫无价值。
One can see what will trouble,
你能看到是什么在扰乱,
This sleep of mine, whatever sleep it is.
我的睡眠,不管这是否算得上睡觉。
Were he not gone,
倘若土拨鼠尚未离开,
The woodchuck could say whether it's like his
在听了我对睡梦的这番描述后,
Long sleep, as I describe its coming on,
它准会说这有点像它的冬眠,
Or just some human sleep.
或者说,这不过是人类的冬眠。
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弗朗西斯·培根是英国文艺复兴时期最重要的散文家、哲学家。他不但在文学、哲学上多有建树,在自然科学领域里,也取得了重大成就。他的第一部重要著作《随笔》最初发表于1597年,以后又逐年增补。该书文笔言简意赅、智睿夺目,它包含许多洞察秋毫的经验之谈,其中不仅论及政治而且还探讨许多人生哲理。下面读文网小编为大家带来培根经典哲理散文阅读,希望大家喜欢!
It is a miserable state of mind, to have few things to desire, and many things to fear: and yet that commonly is the case of kings; who being at the highest, want matter of desire, which makes their minds more languishing; and have many representations of perils and shadows, which makes their minds the less clear.
所欲者甚少而所畏者甚多,这种心理是一种痛苦可怜的心理;然而为帝王者其情形多是如此。他们因为尊贵已极,所以没有什么可希冀的,这就使得他们底精神萎靡不振;同时他们又有许多关于危难暗祸的想象,这又使他们底心智不宁了
And this is one reason also of that effect, which the scripture speaketh of; that the king's heart is inscrutable. For multitude of jealousies, and lack of some predominant desire, that should marshal and put in order all the rest, maketh any man's heart hard to find, or sound. Hence it comes likewise, that princes, many times, make themselves desires, and set their hearts upon toys: sometimes upon a building; sometimes upon erecting of an order, sometimes upon the advancing of a person; sometimes upon obtaining excellency in some art, or feat of the hand; as Nero for playing on the harp, Domitian for certainty of the hand with the arrow, Commodus for playing at fence, Caracalla for driving chariots, and the like. This seemeth incredible unto those that know not the principle; that the mind of man is more cheered, and refreshed, by profiting in small things, than by standing at a stay in great We see also that kings, that have been fortunate conquerors in their first years; it being not possible for them to go forward infinitely, but that they must have some check or arrest in their fortunes; turn in their latter years to be superstitious and melancholy: as did Alexander the Great;Dioclesian; and in our memory, Charles the Fifth; and others: for he that is used go forward, and findeth a stop, falleth out of his own favour, and is not the thing he was.
这也就是《圣经》中所谓“君心难测”的那种情形底原因之一。因为畏忌多端而没有一宗主要的欲望可以指挥并约束其余的欲望,这种心理会使得任何人底心都是难以测度也。因此有许多君王常为自己造欲望,并专心于细事;这些细事有时是一座建筑,有时是建立一个教宗,有时是擢升一人,有时是要专精一艺或一技,如尼罗之于琴,道密先之于射,可谟达斯之于剑,卡剌卡拉之于御,以及类此者皆是也。这对于那些不知道下列的原理的人好象是不可思议的,那原理就是人底心理乐于在小事上得益,而不乐于在大事上滞留。我们也常见那些在早年曾为幸运的胜利者的帝王,因为他们不能永远进取,而在幸运中不得不受限制的原故,在晚年变为迷信而且寡欢;例如亚历山大大帝,代奥克里贤;还有我们都记得的查理第五,以及其他的君王之所为是也。因为那一向惯于进取的人,在后来碰了钉子的时节,不免要自轻自贱,非复故我的。
To speak now of the true temper of empire: it is a thing rare, and hard to keep: for both temper and distemper consist of contraries. But it is one thing to mingle contraries, another to interchange them. The answer of Apollonius to Vespasian is full of excellent instruction;
现在且说王权底真气质;那是很不容易保持的;因为真的气质和失调的气质二者都是由矛盾冲突之物所成者也。然而搀和相反的事物为一事,交换相反的事物又为一事。阿波郎尼亚斯答外斯帕显的话是满含最好的教训的。
Vespasian asked him; What was Nero's overthrow? He answered;Nero could touch and tune the harp well; but in government, sometimes he used to wind the pins too high, sometimes to let them down too low. And certain it is, that nothing destroyeth authority so much, as the unequal and untimely interchange of power pressed too far, and relaxed too much.
外斯帕显问他:“招致尼罗底颠覆者是什么”?他答道:“尼罗善于调弦弄琴;可是在政治上,他把轴栓有时拧得太紧,有时放得太松了”。无疑地,忽然大施威迫,忽然过度松弛,这种不平衡不合时的政策之变换,再没有比它更能破坏威权的了。
This is true; that the wisdom of all these latter times in princes' affairs, is rather fine deliveries, and shiftings of dangers and mischiefs, when they are near, than solid and grounded courses to keep them aloof. But this is but to try masteries with fortune: and let men beware, how they neglect, and suffer matter of trouble to be prepared: for no man can forbid the spark, nor tell whence it may come.
近代的讲人君之事者,其智多在巧避与转移临近的危难,而不在坚固合理的,使人君超然危难之上的常轨,这是真的。但是这种办法简直是与幸运之神争短长了。人们也应当小心,不可忽视或容忍变乱底资料之渐积,因为没有人能防止那星星之火,也没有人能够看出这火星子将从何方来也。
The difficulties in princes' business are many and great; but the greatest difficulty, is often in their own mind. For it is common with princes (saith Tacitus) to will contradictories. Sunt plerumque.'region voluntates vehementes et inter se contrariae. For it is the solecism of power, to think to command the end, and yet not to endure the mean.
人君事业中的艰难是多而且大的;然而其最大的艰难却常是在他们自己心里的。因为(如泰西塔斯所说)作帝王的人而有矛盾的欲望乃是常事也:“君王们底欲望多是强烈而又自相矛盾的”。盖权势底自然弱点就是想要达到某种目的而却不肯忍受那必需的手段也。
Kings have to deal with their neighbours; their wives; their children; their prelates or clergy; their nobles; their second-nobles or gentlemen; their merchants; their commons; and their men of war, and from all these arise dangers, if care and circumspection be not used.
为帝王者必须应付其邻国,后妃,子女,高级僧侣或教士,贵族,第二流的贵族或绅士,商人,平民,兵士;从所有的这些方面都可以兴起危难,假如他不小心谨慎的话。
First for their neighbours; there can no general rule be given (the occasions are so variable), save one; which ever holdeth; which is, that princes do keep due sentinel, that none of their neighbours do overgrow so (by increase of territory, by embracing of trade, by approaches, or the like), as they become more able to annoy them, than they were. And this is, generally, the work of standing councils to foresee, and to hinder it During that triumvirate of kings. King Henry Vffl of England, Francis I, King of France, and Charles V, Emperor, there was such a watch kept, that none of the three could win a palm of ground, but the other two would straightways balance it, either by confederation, or, if need were, by a war: and would not, in any wise, take up peace at interest And the like was done by that league (which, Guicciardine saith, was the security of Italy) made between Ferdinando King of Naples; Lorenzius Medices, and Ludovicus Sforza, potentates, the one of Florence, the other of Milan.
先说他们底邻国。关于这点除了一条永远可靠的定理外别无普遍的定理可说,因为情势是十分易于变化的。那一条永远可靠的定理就是为人君者应当监视不懈,毋使任何邻国(或以领土之扩张,或由商业之吸引,或用外交的手腕,以及类此的种种)强大到比以先更能为患于本国的程度。要预料并防止这种情形是政府中某项永久机关底工作。在从前三大君主——就是英王亨利第八,法王法兰西斯第一,皇帝查理第五——为欧洲领袖的时候,他们三位之中谁不能得尺寸之土,若果有一位得着了尺寸之土,其余的两位立刻就要把那种情形纠正过来,其方法或以联盟,或以战争(如果必要的话),并且无论如何决不贪一时之利而与之讲和,其互相监视之严有如此者。又奈波尔斯王飞迭南,劳伦斯·麦地奇与卢道维喀斯·斯福尔察(二人都是霸君,一个是佛罗伦斯底,一个是米兰底)之间的那个联盟(即贵恰底尼所谓意大利之保障者)其所为亦与此相同。
Neither is the opinion of some of the schoolmen to be received; that a war cannot justly be made, but upon a precedent injury, or provocation. For there is no question, but a just fear of an imminent danger, though there be no blow given, is a lawful cause of a war.
还有经院学派中某种学者底意见,以为无已成的伤害或挑衅的原因而作战,不能算是堂堂正正之师,这种意见是要不得的。因为敌人虽尚未给我们以打击,但是我们有充分的理由恐惧临近的祸患,这也算是战争底正当原因,这是没有问题的。
For their wives; there are cruel examples of them. Livia is enfamed for the poisoning of her husband: Roxolana, Solyman's wife, was the destruction of that renowned prince. Sultan Mustapha; and otherwise troubled his house, and succession: Edward the Second of England his queen had the principal hand, in the deposing and murder of her husband.
至于后妃,她们之中是有残酷的例子的。里维亚因为毒害丈夫而著恶名;罗克撒拉那,梭利满底王后,就是杀害那位出名的王子苏丹穆斯塔发的人,并且在别的方面也曾搅乱其家庭及嗣续;英王爱德华第二底王后在废除并杀害她底丈夫之举中是主要人物。
This kind of danger is then to be feared, chiefly, when the wives have plots for the raising of their own children; or else that they be adulteresses.
因此,最当防范这种危险的时候,就是当那为后妃者为了要扶立自己底所生而有阴谋的时候,否则就是当她们有外遇的时候。
For their children: the tragedies, likewise, of dangers from them, have been many.
至于子嗣,同样地,由他们而来的危难其所致的不幸也是很多的。
And generally, the entering of fathers into suspicion of their children, hath been ever unfortunate. The destruction of Mustapha (that we named before) was so fatal to Solyman's line, as the succession of the Turks, from Solyman, until this day, is suspected to be untrue, and of strange blood; for mat Selymus the Second was thought to be supposititious. The destruction of Crispus, a young prince of rare towardness, by Constantinus the Great, his father, was in like manner fatal to his house; for both Constantinus, and Constance, his sons, died violent deaths; and Constantius, his other son, did little better; who died, indeed, of sickness, but after that Julianus had taken arms against him. The destruction of Demetrius, son to Philip the Second, of Macedonia, turned upon the father, who died of repentance. And many like examples there are: but few, or none, where the fathers had good by such distrust; except it were, where me sons were up in open arms against them; as was Selymus the First against Baiazet: and the three sons of Henry the Second, King of England.
一般地说来,父亲对儿子生疑忌之心者总是不幸的。穆斯塔发之死(上面已经说到的)对梭利满王室是一种致命伤,因为土耳其王室自梭利满以至今日的王位继承都有不正之嫌疑,恐是外来的血统;因为塞利马斯第二被人认为是私生子也。克瑞斯帕斯(一位非常温顺的青年王子)之见杀于康士坦丁努斯大帝,也同样地是他那个王室底致命伤;因为康士坦丁努斯底两个儿子,康士坦丁努斯和康士坦斯,都死于非命;他底另外的一个儿子,康士坦洽斯,结局也不见佳;他虽然确是病死的,但是他也是在玖利安努斯起兵之后死的。马其顿王腓力普第二底王子德米垂亚斯之死报在他父亲身上,因为他是悔恨而死的。类此的例子很多,但是为父亲的因这种猜疑之心而得到益处的例子却是很少或没有;唯有在做儿子的公然举兵反叛的时候,那可算是例外,如塞利马斯第一之征巴亚塞提,和英王亨利第二之三子是也。
For their prelates; when they are proud and great, there is also danger from them: as it was, in the times of Anselmus, and Thomas Becket, Archbishops of Canterbury; who with their croziers, did almost try it, with the king's sword; and yet they had to deal with stout and haughty kings; William Rufus, Henry the First, and Henry the Second. The danger is not from that state, but where it hath a dependence of foreign authority; or where the churchmen come in, and are elected, not by the collation of the king, or particular patrons, but by the people.
至于高级僧侣,在他们骄纵有势的时候,也可以由他们发生危险的,如安塞尔马斯和坎特白雷大主教汤玛斯·拜开提底时代尤是也。这两个人几乎以他们底圭杖与帝王底刀剑相争,而奇者,他们所与之抗衡者竟是坚强骄傲的君主,即威廉·鲁夫斯,亨利第一与亨利第二是也。这种危险并非来自僧侣阶级底本身,而是当他们倚仗国外的势力的时候才有的,或者在僧侣们进来及被选的时候,不受职于君主或任何个人而是由民众选出的,在这种时候,才有危险的。
For their nobles; to keep them at a distance, it is not amiss; but to depress them, may make a king more absolute, but less safe; and less able to perform anything that he desires. I have noted it, in my history of King Henry the Seventh of England, who depressed his nobility; whereupon, it came to pass that his times were full of difficulties, and troubles; for the nobility, though they continued loyal unto him, yet did they not cooperate with him in his business. So that in effect, he was fain to do all things, himself.
至于贵族,对他们稍为疏远也不为过;可是压抑他们,也许可以使为帝王者君权更专,但是不甚安全,并且不容易把他心中所欲的事做到。在拙著《英王亨利第七本纪》中常见及此点,即亨利第七是压抑贵族的,因此他底时代乃是充满着艰难与祸乱的;因为那些贵族,虽然仍旧忠于亨利,然而却没有在他底事业上与他合作。因此他就不得不自己来办一切的事了。
For their second nobles; there is not much danger from them, being a body dispersed. They may sometimes discourse high, but that doth little hurt: besides, they are a counterpoise to the higher nobility, that they grow not too potent: and lastly, being the most immediate in authority, with the common people, they do best temper popular commotions.
至于那第二流的贵族,他们是没有什么危险性的,因为他们是一个散漫的团体。他们有时候也许放言高论,但是那是没有什么大害的;并且,他们是高级贵族底一种平衡力,使之不能增长得过于强大的;最后,他们因为是最与一般人民接近的掌权者,所以他们也是最能缓和民乱的。
For their merchants; they are venaporta; and if they flourish not, a kingdom may have good limbs, but will have empty veins, and nourish lime. Taxes, and imposts upon them, do seldom good to the king's revenue; for that that he wins in the hundred, he loseth in the shire; the particular rates being increased, but the total bulk of trading rather decreased.
至于商人,他们可算是“门静脉”;要是他们不繁荣,那末一个国家也许有好的四肢,但是其血管将是空的,其营养将甚为贫乏。加之于他们的赋税很少能于人君底收入有益的,因为他在小处得来的在大处失去了,那就是各项税率固然增加,而商业底总额则减削也。
For their commons; there is little danger from them, except it be, where they have great and potent heads; or where you meddle with the point of religion; or their customs, or means of life.
至于平民,除非他们有伟大,多能的领袖,或者你对于宗教问题,或他们底风俗,或他们底生计加以干涉的时候,他们是没有什么危险性的。
For their men of war, it is a dangerous state, where they live and remain in a body, and are used to donatives; whereof we see examples in the Janissaries, and Pretorian bands of Rome: but trainings of men, and arming them in several places, and under several commanders, and without donatives, are things of defence, and no danger.
至于军人,当他们在一起过着团体生活,并且习于赏赐的时候,他们是一个危险阶级。如此的例子我们可于土耳其之亲卫兵与罗马之护卫军见之;但是训练一部分人,并分级予以武装,由好几个将帅统领,并且不加赏赐,则是自卫的举措而不含危险也。
Princes are like to heavenly bodies, which cause good or evil times;and which have much veneration, but no rest All precepts concerming kings, are in effect comprehended in those two remembrances: memento quod es homo', and memento quod es deus, or vice da', the one bridleth their power, and the other their will.
为人君者有如天上的星宿,能致福亦能致祸,受很多的尊敬但是没有休息。一切关于帝王的箴言,实际是包含在这两句铭语里的;“记住你是个人”和“记住你是个神或者神底代表”。头一句话约束他们底权力,后一句话控制他们底意志。
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诗歌是用高度凝练的语言,形象表达作者丰富情感,集中反映社会生活并具有一定节奏和韵律的文学体裁。下面读文网小编为大家带来经典名家诗歌阅读,希望大家喜欢!
By the road to the contagious hospital
under the surge of the blue
mottled clouds driven from the
northeast—a cold wind. Beyond, the
waste of broad, muddy fields
brown with dried weeds, standing and fallen
patches of standing water
the scattering of tall trees
蓝天之下汹涌云彩
斑驳着从东北吹来
通往传染病院的路上
一阵冷风改变了视线方向
远处,大片开阔洪荒之地
褐色的草木一岁一枯荣
间或有一块一块死水
到处是高大的树木
All along the road the reddish
purplish, forked, upstanding, twiggy
stuff of bushes and small trees
with dead, brown leaves under them
leafless vines—
路上低矮树丛枝条斜横
红的紫的 叉开的直立的
许多小树下面
是枯萎的昏黄的树叶
和脱尽叶子的藤蔓
Lifeless in appearance, sluggish
dazed spring approaches—
景色呆滞了无生气
然后春天却慢悠悠地来了
They enter the new world naked,
cold, uncertain of all
save that they enter. All about them
the cold, familiar wind—
春天赤裸裸地进入新世界
寒冷之中义无反顾
四周的早已不大在乎
依然刮着熟悉的寒风
Now the grass, tomorrow
the stiff curl of wildcarrot leaf
眼下,草地返青了,明天
野萝卜将吐出坚实的芽胞
One by one objects are defined—
It quickens: clarity, outline of leaf
万物将逐个展露芳容
迅速抽芽,模样清晰,叶子呈现轮廓
But now the stark dignity of
entrance—Still, the profound change
has come upon them: rooted they
grip down and begin to awaken
然而现在,是一派庄严的
初春景象–深刻的变化已经
降临人间:扎下根去
使劲向下伸展,大地开始苏醒
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我想要让你知道,你是我的生命之最,有了你使我的所有梦想成真。下面是读文网小编为大家带来的经典英语散文阅读:我的爱,希望大家喜欢!
At first glance I would have never known the value that lied within you,
For such a tender age of sixteen you don't often see the things in life that are so true.
But then as I got to know you my heart just began to melt,
For these were not normal feelings— this was more than I have ever felt.
As time went on through the years we finally became one as a team, But then things got hazy I felt as if I was living a dream.
A dream that had its ups and downs,
There were some smiles and laughters as well as some frowns.
Going through life isn't always easy,
But having you by my side always seemed to please me.
Now you ask me on bended knee to be your lawfully wedded wife,
And I look at you with honor for you are my love, my life.
So I will give you my hand in marriage as well as my heart and soul,
You are the better half of me that makes me whole.
And as we drift off on our dream honeymoon to the
beautiful islands of Hawaii where the skies are so blue,
I want you to know you are the greatest thing that has ever happened to me—
for you have made all my dreams come true.
初次相识没认识到你的内在价值,
对于十六岁,如此年轻的你,
很难理解生活的真谛。
但随着我对你的逐渐了解,
我的心开始融化,
这一切超出了一般的情感——
这是我从未有过的感觉。
物换星移,
我们成为不可分割的一体,
但是一切都是那么朦胧,
宛如梦境。
梦有跌宕起伏,
人有悲欢离合。
生活并非一帆风顺,
有你相伴令我欢欣惬意。
现在你屈膝向我求婚,
要我成为你的法定妻子,
我无比荣幸地望着你,因为你是我的爱,
我的全部生命。
婚礼上,我将携君之手,
将我的全部交付与你,
你是我的一半,
使我成为一个完整的人。
梦中的蜜月我们漂流到美丽的夏威夷,
那里的天色湛蓝,
我想要让你知道,
你是我的生命之最——
有了你使我的所有梦想成真。
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英语散文以优美的语言、流畅的句子、生动的描述,给人以美的享受,满足人类心灵的要求,具有很高的审美属性。下面读文网小编为大家带来经典散文阅读,欢迎大家阅读!
She was six years old when I first met her on the beach near where I live. I drive to this beach, a distance of three or four miles, whenever the world begins to close in on me. She was building a sandcastle or something and looked up, her eyes as blue as the sea.
“Hello,” she said. I answered with a nod, not really in the mood to bother with a small child. “I’m building,” she said.
“I see that. What is it?” I asked, not really caring.
“Oh, I don’t know, I just like the feel of sand.”
That sounds good, I thought, and slipped off my shoes. A sandpiper glided by. “That’s a joy,” the child said.
“It’s a what?” I asked.
“It’s a joy. My mama says sandpipers come to bring us joy.” The bird went gliding down the beach.
“Good-bye joy,” I muttered to myself, “hello pain,” and turned to walk on. I was depressed; my life seemed completely out of balance.
“What’s your name?” She wouldn’t give up.
“Robert,” I answered. “I’m Robert Peterson.”
“Mine’s Wendy I’m six.”
“Hi, Windy.” She giggled. “You’re funny,” she said. In spite of my gloom I laughed too and walked on. Her musical giggle followed me.
“Come again, Mr. P,” she called. “We’ll have another happy day.”
The days and weeks that followed belonged to others: a group of unruly Boy Scouts, PTA meetings, and an ailing mother.
The sun was shining one morning as I took my hands out of the dishwater. “I need a sandpiper,” I said to myself, gathering up my coat.
The ever-changing balm of the seashore awaited me. The breeze was chilly, but I strode along, trying to recapture the serenity I needed. I had forgotten the child and was startled when she appeared.
“Hello, Mr. P,” she said. “Do you want to play?”
“What did you have in mind?” I asked, with a twinge of annoyance.
“I don’t know, you say.”
“How about charades?” I asked sarcastically.
The tinkling laughter burst forth again. “I don’t know what that is.”
“Then let’s just walk.” Looking at her, I noticed the delicate fairness of her face. “Where do you live?” I asked.
“Over there.” She pointed toward a row of summer cottages. Strange, I thought, in winter.
“Where do you go to school?”
“I don’t go to school. Mommy says we’re on vacation.” She chattered little girl talk as we strolled up the beach, but my mind was on other things. When I left for home, Wendy said it had been a happy day. Feeling surprisingly better, I smiled at her and agreed.
Three weeks later, I rushed to my beach in a state of near panic. I was in no mood to even greet Wendy. I thought I saw her mother on the porch and felt like demanding she keep her child at home.
“Look, if you don’t mind,” I said crossly when Wendy caught up with me, “I’d rather be alone today.” She seemed unusually pale and out of breath.
“Why?” she asked.
I turned to her and shouted, “Because my mother died!” and thought, “My God, why was I saying this to a little child?”
“Oh,” she said quietly, “then this is a bad day.”
“Yes,” I said, “and yesterday and the day before and — oh, go away!”
“Did it hurt? “ she inquired.
“Did what hurt?” I was exasperated with her, with myself.
“When she died?”
“Of course it hurt!” I snapped, misunderstanding, wrapped up in myself. I strode off.
A month or so after that, when I next went to the beach, she wasn’t there. Feeling guilty, ashamed and admitting to myself I missed her, I went up to the cottage after my walk and knocked at the door. A drawn looking young woman with honey-colored hair opened the door.
“Hello,” I said. “I’m Robert Peterson. I missed your little girl today and wondered where she was.”
“Oh yes, Mr. Peterson, please come in. Wendy spoke of you so much. I’m afraid I allowed her to bother you. If she was a nuisance, please, accept my apologies.”
“Not at all — she’s a delightful child,” I said, suddenly realizing that I meant what I had just said. “Where is she?”
“Wendy died last week, Mr. Peterson. She had leukemia. Maybe she didn’t tell you.” Struck dumb, I groped for a chair. I had to catch my breath.
“She loved this beach; so when she asked to come, we couldn’t say no. She seemed so much better here and had a lot of what she called happy days. But the last few weeks, she declined rapidly” Her voice faltered.
“She left something for you if only I could find it. Could you wait a moment while I look?”
I nodded stupidly, my mind racing for something, to say to this lovely young woman. She handed me a smeared envelope, with “MR. P” printed in bold childish letters. Inside was a drawing in bright crayon hues — a yellow beach, a blue sea, and a brown bird. Underneath was carefully printed:
A SANDPIPER TO BRING YOU JOY
Tears welled up in my eyes and a heart that had almost forgotten to love opened wide. I took Wendy’s mother in my arms. “I’m so sorry, I’m so sorry, I’m so sorry,” I muttered over and over, and we wept together.
The precious little picture is framed now and hangs in my study. Six words — one for each year of her life — that speak to me of harmony, courage, and undemanding love. A gift from a child with sea-blue eyes and hair the color of sand — who taught me the gift of love.
我第一次和她在那个海滩上相遇时,她整六岁。这个海滩离我的住处约有三、四英里。每当我心情压抑,感到烦恼时,就驱车上那儿去。当时她正在用沙子堆积一个城堡似的东西。看到我来,她抬起头来望着我,那双眼睛像大海般深邃、湛蓝。
“您好!”她说。我点了点头作为回答,说实在的,我没有心思跟一个小女孩费神。“我在盖房子呢!”她又说。
“我看见了。这盖的是什么房子呢?”我心不在焉地问道。
“噢,我不知道,我就是喜欢摸沙子的感觉。”
这倒有意思,我边想边脱掉鞋子。蓦地,一只矶鹞从一旁滑翔而过。孩子见了说:“那是欢乐。”
“是什么?”
“是欢乐,矶鹞能给人们带来欢乐,妈妈说的。” 那只矶鹞顺着海滨飞走了。
“再见了,快乐,”我自言自语道,“痛苦来临了。”并转身走开。我很沮丧,因为我现在的生活一团糟。
“您叫什么名字啊?”她还不罢休。
“罗伯特,”我回答,“我叫罗伯特·彼得森。”
“我叫温迪,”──听上去却像Windy(风的意思)。“我六岁了。”
“你好,大风,”我叫道。“您真逗!”她咯咯地笑了。尽管心绪不佳,我也不由得笑了起来,一边往前走着。她那清脆悦耳的笑声依然追随着我。
“您下次再来,彼先生。咱们再快乐地玩一天!”她喊着。
那以后的好几个星期,我忙得不可开交,没有一点闲暇:负责一群调皮捣蛋的童子军,参加家长教师联谊会;还要照顾生病的母亲。
一个阳光明媚的上午,我洗完碗碟,心想:“我需要一只矶鹞。”于是穿上外套向海滩走去。
海岸不断变化的芳香依然在等着我。微风有点刺骨,但是我依然大步走着,我多么渴望能重新处于安静宁谧之中啊!我早已忘掉了那个孩子,所以当她出现在我面前时,不免吃了一惊。
“您好,彼先生!”她说。“你想玩吗?”
“你想玩什么?”带着一丝厌烦,我反问她。
“我不知道,您说吧。”
“猜字谜怎么样?”我挖苦地问。
“我不知道那是什么,”她说着,又发出一阵银铃般的笑声。
“那么,咱们一块儿走走吧。”我望着她,看到了娇嫩而皙白的脸色。“你住在哪儿?”我问她。
“那边!”她用小手指着远处一排夏季避暑的小别墅。我感到纳闷。现在是冬天啊。
“你在哪儿上学呢?”
“我不上学,妈妈说我们在度假。”我们漫步走上海滩,她一路上叽叽喳喳地说着小姑娘们的话。 可是,我却心事重重。当我要回家时,温迪说这是快乐的一天。奇怪的是,我的心情也感到舒坦多了。于是,我同意的报以一笑。
三星期后的一天,我神思恍惚,几乎是疯狂似地冲向我的海滩。我根本不想理睬温迪。
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笑话是一种增强快乐的文化,常常以篇幅短小,故事情节简单,文笔巧妙的形式出现,给人以出乎意料,并且取得笑意的艺术效果的文化。在忙碌的生活,我们也需要偶尔的放松一下自己。下面读文网小编为大家带来外国经典幽默笑话四则,希望大家喜欢!
A man walks along a lonely beach. Suddenly he hears a deep voice: DIG!
一个男人孤独的在海滩上散步。突然他听到一个低沉的声音:“挖!”
He looks around: nobody's there. I am having hallucinations, he thinks. Then he hears the voice again: I SAID, DIG!
他环顾周围一个人都没有。他认为他一定是产生了幻觉。然后,他又听到了那个声音:“我说,挖!”
So he starts to dig in the sand with his bare hands,and after some inches, he finds a small chest with a rusty lock.
于是,他开始用双手在沙地上挖,挖了几英寸后他发现了一个小箱子,上面还有一把生锈的锁。
The deep voice says: OPEN!
那个低沉的声音说:“打开!”
0k,the man thinks, let’s open the thing. He finds a rock with which to destroy the lock , and when the chest is finally open , he sees a lot of gold coins.
那个男人决定把那个箱子打开。他找到一块石头敲开了锁。当箱子打开时他看到里面全是金币。
The deep voice says: TO THE CASINO!
那个低沉的声音说:“去赌场!”
Well the casino is only a few miles away, so the man takes the chest and walks to the casino.
那个男人一想赌场只有几英里远,于是就带着那个箱子去了赌场。
The deep voice says: ROULETTE !
那个低沉的声音说:“轮盘赌!”
So he changes all the gold into a huge pile of roulette tokens and goes to one of the tables,where the players gaze at him with disbelief.
他把所有的金币都换成了轮盘赌的筹码,当他走到一个轮盘赌的桌子前,所有的人都用怀疑的目光看着他。
The deep voice says: 27!
那个低沉的声音又说:“二十七!”
He takes the whole pile and drops it at the 27. The table nearly bursts.Everybody is quiet when the croupier throws the ball. The ball stays at the 26.
他把所有的筹码都压在了二十七上。那个赌桌都快放不下了。当那个球在轮盘赌上转动时每个人都安静了下来。最后,它停在了二十六上。
Finally, the deep voice says: This is called BAD LUCK ! My son!
最终,那个低沉的声音说:“我的孩子,这就叫做‘倒霉’!”
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