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弗朗西斯·培根是英国文艺复兴时期最重要的散文家、哲学家。他不但在文学、哲学上多有建树,在自然科学领域里,也取得了重大成就。他的第一部重要著作《随笔》最初发表于1597年,以后又逐年增补。该书文笔言简意赅、智睿夺目,它包含许多洞察秋毫的经验之谈,其中不仅论及政治而且还探讨许多人生哲理。下面读文网小编为大家带来培根经典哲理散文阅读,希望大家喜欢!
It is a miserable state of mind, to have few things to desire, and many things to fear: and yet that commonly is the case of kings; who being at the highest, want matter of desire, which makes their minds more languishing; and have many representations of perils and shadows, which makes their minds the less clear.
所欲者甚少而所畏者甚多,这种心理是一种痛苦可怜的心理;然而为帝王者其情形多是如此。他们因为尊贵已极,所以没有什么可希冀的,这就使得他们底精神萎靡不振;同时他们又有许多关于危难暗祸的想象,这又使他们底心智不宁了
And this is one reason also of that effect, which the scripture speaketh of; that the king's heart is inscrutable. For multitude of jealousies, and lack of some predominant desire, that should marshal and put in order all the rest, maketh any man's heart hard to find, or sound. Hence it comes likewise, that princes, many times, make themselves desires, and set their hearts upon toys: sometimes upon a building; sometimes upon erecting of an order, sometimes upon the advancing of a person; sometimes upon obtaining excellency in some art, or feat of the hand; as Nero for playing on the harp, Domitian for certainty of the hand with the arrow, Commodus for playing at fence, Caracalla for driving chariots, and the like. This seemeth incredible unto those that know not the principle; that the mind of man is more cheered, and refreshed, by profiting in small things, than by standing at a stay in great We see also that kings, that have been fortunate conquerors in their first years; it being not possible for them to go forward infinitely, but that they must have some check or arrest in their fortunes; turn in their latter years to be superstitious and melancholy: as did Alexander the Great;Dioclesian; and in our memory, Charles the Fifth; and others: for he that is used go forward, and findeth a stop, falleth out of his own favour, and is not the thing he was.
这也就是《圣经》中所谓“君心难测”的那种情形底原因之一。因为畏忌多端而没有一宗主要的欲望可以指挥并约束其余的欲望,这种心理会使得任何人底心都是难以测度也。因此有许多君王常为自己造欲望,并专心于细事;这些细事有时是一座建筑,有时是建立一个教宗,有时是擢升一人,有时是要专精一艺或一技,如尼罗之于琴,道密先之于射,可谟达斯之于剑,卡剌卡拉之于御,以及类此者皆是也。这对于那些不知道下列的原理的人好象是不可思议的,那原理就是人底心理乐于在小事上得益,而不乐于在大事上滞留。我们也常见那些在早年曾为幸运的胜利者的帝王,因为他们不能永远进取,而在幸运中不得不受限制的原故,在晚年变为迷信而且寡欢;例如亚历山大大帝,代奥克里贤;还有我们都记得的查理第五,以及其他的君王之所为是也。因为那一向惯于进取的人,在后来碰了钉子的时节,不免要自轻自贱,非复故我的。
To speak now of the true temper of empire: it is a thing rare, and hard to keep: for both temper and distemper consist of contraries. But it is one thing to mingle contraries, another to interchange them. The answer of Apollonius to Vespasian is full of excellent instruction;
现在且说王权底真气质;那是很不容易保持的;因为真的气质和失调的气质二者都是由矛盾冲突之物所成者也。然而搀和相反的事物为一事,交换相反的事物又为一事。阿波郎尼亚斯答外斯帕显的话是满含最好的教训的。
Vespasian asked him; What was Nero's overthrow? He answered;Nero could touch and tune the harp well; but in government, sometimes he used to wind the pins too high, sometimes to let them down too low. And certain it is, that nothing destroyeth authority so much, as the unequal and untimely interchange of power pressed too far, and relaxed too much.
外斯帕显问他:“招致尼罗底颠覆者是什么”?他答道:“尼罗善于调弦弄琴;可是在政治上,他把轴栓有时拧得太紧,有时放得太松了”。无疑地,忽然大施威迫,忽然过度松弛,这种不平衡不合时的政策之变换,再没有比它更能破坏威权的了。
This is true; that the wisdom of all these latter times in princes' affairs, is rather fine deliveries, and shiftings of dangers and mischiefs, when they are near, than solid and grounded courses to keep them aloof. But this is but to try masteries with fortune: and let men beware, how they neglect, and suffer matter of trouble to be prepared: for no man can forbid the spark, nor tell whence it may come.
近代的讲人君之事者,其智多在巧避与转移临近的危难,而不在坚固合理的,使人君超然危难之上的常轨,这是真的。但是这种办法简直是与幸运之神争短长了。人们也应当小心,不可忽视或容忍变乱底资料之渐积,因为没有人能防止那星星之火,也没有人能够看出这火星子将从何方来也。
The difficulties in princes' business are many and great; but the greatest difficulty, is often in their own mind. For it is common with princes (saith Tacitus) to will contradictories. Sunt plerumque.'region voluntates vehementes et inter se contrariae. For it is the solecism of power, to think to command the end, and yet not to endure the mean.
人君事业中的艰难是多而且大的;然而其最大的艰难却常是在他们自己心里的。因为(如泰西塔斯所说)作帝王的人而有矛盾的欲望乃是常事也:“君王们底欲望多是强烈而又自相矛盾的”。盖权势底自然弱点就是想要达到某种目的而却不肯忍受那必需的手段也。
Kings have to deal with their neighbours; their wives; their children; their prelates or clergy; their nobles; their second-nobles or gentlemen; their merchants; their commons; and their men of war, and from all these arise dangers, if care and circumspection be not used.
为帝王者必须应付其邻国,后妃,子女,高级僧侣或教士,贵族,第二流的贵族或绅士,商人,平民,兵士;从所有的这些方面都可以兴起危难,假如他不小心谨慎的话。
First for their neighbours; there can no general rule be given (the occasions are so variable), save one; which ever holdeth; which is, that princes do keep due sentinel, that none of their neighbours do overgrow so (by increase of territory, by embracing of trade, by approaches, or the like), as they become more able to annoy them, than they were. And this is, generally, the work of standing councils to foresee, and to hinder it During that triumvirate of kings. King Henry Vffl of England, Francis I, King of France, and Charles V, Emperor, there was such a watch kept, that none of the three could win a palm of ground, but the other two would straightways balance it, either by confederation, or, if need were, by a war: and would not, in any wise, take up peace at interest And the like was done by that league (which, Guicciardine saith, was the security of Italy) made between Ferdinando King of Naples; Lorenzius Medices, and Ludovicus Sforza, potentates, the one of Florence, the other of Milan.
先说他们底邻国。关于这点除了一条永远可靠的定理外别无普遍的定理可说,因为情势是十分易于变化的。那一条永远可靠的定理就是为人君者应当监视不懈,毋使任何邻国(或以领土之扩张,或由商业之吸引,或用外交的手腕,以及类此的种种)强大到比以先更能为患于本国的程度。要预料并防止这种情形是政府中某项永久机关底工作。在从前三大君主——就是英王亨利第八,法王法兰西斯第一,皇帝查理第五——为欧洲领袖的时候,他们三位之中谁不能得尺寸之土,若果有一位得着了尺寸之土,其余的两位立刻就要把那种情形纠正过来,其方法或以联盟,或以战争(如果必要的话),并且无论如何决不贪一时之利而与之讲和,其互相监视之严有如此者。又奈波尔斯王飞迭南,劳伦斯·麦地奇与卢道维喀斯·斯福尔察(二人都是霸君,一个是佛罗伦斯底,一个是米兰底)之间的那个联盟(即贵恰底尼所谓意大利之保障者)其所为亦与此相同。
Neither is the opinion of some of the schoolmen to be received; that a war cannot justly be made, but upon a precedent injury, or provocation. For there is no question, but a just fear of an imminent danger, though there be no blow given, is a lawful cause of a war.
还有经院学派中某种学者底意见,以为无已成的伤害或挑衅的原因而作战,不能算是堂堂正正之师,这种意见是要不得的。因为敌人虽尚未给我们以打击,但是我们有充分的理由恐惧临近的祸患,这也算是战争底正当原因,这是没有问题的。
For their wives; there are cruel examples of them. Livia is enfamed for the poisoning of her husband: Roxolana, Solyman's wife, was the destruction of that renowned prince. Sultan Mustapha; and otherwise troubled his house, and succession: Edward the Second of England his queen had the principal hand, in the deposing and murder of her husband.
至于后妃,她们之中是有残酷的例子的。里维亚因为毒害丈夫而著恶名;罗克撒拉那,梭利满底王后,就是杀害那位出名的王子苏丹穆斯塔发的人,并且在别的方面也曾搅乱其家庭及嗣续;英王爱德华第二底王后在废除并杀害她底丈夫之举中是主要人物。
This kind of danger is then to be feared, chiefly, when the wives have plots for the raising of their own children; or else that they be adulteresses.
因此,最当防范这种危险的时候,就是当那为后妃者为了要扶立自己底所生而有阴谋的时候,否则就是当她们有外遇的时候。
For their children: the tragedies, likewise, of dangers from them, have been many.
至于子嗣,同样地,由他们而来的危难其所致的不幸也是很多的。
And generally, the entering of fathers into suspicion of their children, hath been ever unfortunate. The destruction of Mustapha (that we named before) was so fatal to Solyman's line, as the succession of the Turks, from Solyman, until this day, is suspected to be untrue, and of strange blood; for mat Selymus the Second was thought to be supposititious. The destruction of Crispus, a young prince of rare towardness, by Constantinus the Great, his father, was in like manner fatal to his house; for both Constantinus, and Constance, his sons, died violent deaths; and Constantius, his other son, did little better; who died, indeed, of sickness, but after that Julianus had taken arms against him. The destruction of Demetrius, son to Philip the Second, of Macedonia, turned upon the father, who died of repentance. And many like examples there are: but few, or none, where the fathers had good by such distrust; except it were, where me sons were up in open arms against them; as was Selymus the First against Baiazet: and the three sons of Henry the Second, King of England.
一般地说来,父亲对儿子生疑忌之心者总是不幸的。穆斯塔发之死(上面已经说到的)对梭利满王室是一种致命伤,因为土耳其王室自梭利满以至今日的王位继承都有不正之嫌疑,恐是外来的血统;因为塞利马斯第二被人认为是私生子也。克瑞斯帕斯(一位非常温顺的青年王子)之见杀于康士坦丁努斯大帝,也同样地是他那个王室底致命伤;因为康士坦丁努斯底两个儿子,康士坦丁努斯和康士坦斯,都死于非命;他底另外的一个儿子,康士坦洽斯,结局也不见佳;他虽然确是病死的,但是他也是在玖利安努斯起兵之后死的。马其顿王腓力普第二底王子德米垂亚斯之死报在他父亲身上,因为他是悔恨而死的。类此的例子很多,但是为父亲的因这种猜疑之心而得到益处的例子却是很少或没有;唯有在做儿子的公然举兵反叛的时候,那可算是例外,如塞利马斯第一之征巴亚塞提,和英王亨利第二之三子是也。
For their prelates; when they are proud and great, there is also danger from them: as it was, in the times of Anselmus, and Thomas Becket, Archbishops of Canterbury; who with their croziers, did almost try it, with the king's sword; and yet they had to deal with stout and haughty kings; William Rufus, Henry the First, and Henry the Second. The danger is not from that state, but where it hath a dependence of foreign authority; or where the churchmen come in, and are elected, not by the collation of the king, or particular patrons, but by the people.
至于高级僧侣,在他们骄纵有势的时候,也可以由他们发生危险的,如安塞尔马斯和坎特白雷大主教汤玛斯·拜开提底时代尤是也。这两个人几乎以他们底圭杖与帝王底刀剑相争,而奇者,他们所与之抗衡者竟是坚强骄傲的君主,即威廉·鲁夫斯,亨利第一与亨利第二是也。这种危险并非来自僧侣阶级底本身,而是当他们倚仗国外的势力的时候才有的,或者在僧侣们进来及被选的时候,不受职于君主或任何个人而是由民众选出的,在这种时候,才有危险的。
For their nobles; to keep them at a distance, it is not amiss; but to depress them, may make a king more absolute, but less safe; and less able to perform anything that he desires. I have noted it, in my history of King Henry the Seventh of England, who depressed his nobility; whereupon, it came to pass that his times were full of difficulties, and troubles; for the nobility, though they continued loyal unto him, yet did they not cooperate with him in his business. So that in effect, he was fain to do all things, himself.
至于贵族,对他们稍为疏远也不为过;可是压抑他们,也许可以使为帝王者君权更专,但是不甚安全,并且不容易把他心中所欲的事做到。在拙著《英王亨利第七本纪》中常见及此点,即亨利第七是压抑贵族的,因此他底时代乃是充满着艰难与祸乱的;因为那些贵族,虽然仍旧忠于亨利,然而却没有在他底事业上与他合作。因此他就不得不自己来办一切的事了。
For their second nobles; there is not much danger from them, being a body dispersed. They may sometimes discourse high, but that doth little hurt: besides, they are a counterpoise to the higher nobility, that they grow not too potent: and lastly, being the most immediate in authority, with the common people, they do best temper popular commotions.
至于那第二流的贵族,他们是没有什么危险性的,因为他们是一个散漫的团体。他们有时候也许放言高论,但是那是没有什么大害的;并且,他们是高级贵族底一种平衡力,使之不能增长得过于强大的;最后,他们因为是最与一般人民接近的掌权者,所以他们也是最能缓和民乱的。
For their merchants; they are venaporta; and if they flourish not, a kingdom may have good limbs, but will have empty veins, and nourish lime. Taxes, and imposts upon them, do seldom good to the king's revenue; for that that he wins in the hundred, he loseth in the shire; the particular rates being increased, but the total bulk of trading rather decreased.
至于商人,他们可算是“门静脉”;要是他们不繁荣,那末一个国家也许有好的四肢,但是其血管将是空的,其营养将甚为贫乏。加之于他们的赋税很少能于人君底收入有益的,因为他在小处得来的在大处失去了,那就是各项税率固然增加,而商业底总额则减削也。
For their commons; there is little danger from them, except it be, where they have great and potent heads; or where you meddle with the point of religion; or their customs, or means of life.
至于平民,除非他们有伟大,多能的领袖,或者你对于宗教问题,或他们底风俗,或他们底生计加以干涉的时候,他们是没有什么危险性的。
For their men of war, it is a dangerous state, where they live and remain in a body, and are used to donatives; whereof we see examples in the Janissaries, and Pretorian bands of Rome: but trainings of men, and arming them in several places, and under several commanders, and without donatives, are things of defence, and no danger.
至于军人,当他们在一起过着团体生活,并且习于赏赐的时候,他们是一个危险阶级。如此的例子我们可于土耳其之亲卫兵与罗马之护卫军见之;但是训练一部分人,并分级予以武装,由好几个将帅统领,并且不加赏赐,则是自卫的举措而不含危险也。
Princes are like to heavenly bodies, which cause good or evil times;and which have much veneration, but no rest All precepts concerming kings, are in effect comprehended in those two remembrances: memento quod es homo', and memento quod es deus, or vice da', the one bridleth their power, and the other their will.
为人君者有如天上的星宿,能致福亦能致祸,受很多的尊敬但是没有休息。一切关于帝王的箴言,实际是包含在这两句铭语里的;“记住你是个人”和“记住你是个神或者神底代表”。头一句话约束他们底权力,后一句话控制他们底意志。
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弗朗西斯·培根是英国文艺复兴时期最重要的散文家、哲学家。他不但在文学、哲学上多有建树,在自然科学领域里,也取得了重大成就。他的第一部重要著作《随笔》最初发表于1597年,以后又逐年增补。该书文笔言简意赅、智睿夺目,它包含许多洞察秋毫的经验之谈,其中不仅论及政治而且还探讨许多人生哲理。下面读文网小编为大家带来培根哲理散文双语阅读,希望大家喜欢!
There is a wisdom in this, beyond the rules of physic: a man's own observation, what he finds good of, and what he finds hurt of, is the best physic to preserve health.
养生有道,非医学底规律所能尽。一个人自己底观察,他对于何者有益何者有害于自己的知识,乃是最好的保健药品。
But it is a safer conclusion to say; this agreeth not well with me, therefore I will not continue it; than this; I fmd no offence of this, therefore I may use it. For strength of nature in youth passeth over many excesses, which are owing a man till his age. Discern of the coming on of years, and think not, to do the same things still; for age will not be defied. Beware of sudden change in any great point of diet, and if necessity enforce it, fit the rest to it. For it is a secret, both in nature, and state; that it is safer to change many things, than one. Examine thy customs, of diet, sleep, exercise, apparel, and the like; and try in anything thou shall judge hurtful, to discontinue it by little and little; but so, as if thou doest fmd any inconvenience by the change, thou come back to it again: for it is hard to distinguish, that which is generally held good, and wholesome, from that, which is good particularly, and fit for thine own body.
但是在下断语的时候,如果说:“这个与我底身体不合,因此我要戒它”,比说:“这个好象于我没有什么害处,因此我要用它”较为安全得多。因为少壮时代底天赋的强力可以忍受许多纵欲的行为,而这些行为是等于记在账上,到了老年的时候,是要还的。留心你底年岁底增加,不要永远想做同一的事情,因为年岁是不受蔑视的。在饮食底重要部分上不可骤然变更,如果不得已而变更的话,则别的部分也须要变更,以便配合得宜。因为在自然的事体和国家的事务上都有一种秘诀,就是变一事不如变多事的安全。把你平日饮食、睡眠、运动、衣服、等等的习惯自省一下,并且把其中你认为有害的习惯试行逐渐戒绝,但是其办法应当这样,如果你由这种变更而感觉不适的时候,就应当回到原来的习惯去;因为把一般认为有益卫生的习惯和于个人有益,于你自己底身体适合的习惯分别起来是不容易的。
To be free minded, and cheerfully disposed, at hours of meat, and of sleep, and of exercise, is one of the best precepts of long lasting. As for the passions and studies of the mind; avoid envy; anxious fears; anger fretting inwards; subtle and knotty inquisitions; joys, and exhilarations in excess; sadness not communicated. Entertain hopes; mirth rather than joy; variety of delights, rather than surfeit of them; wonder, and admiration, and therefore novelties; studies that fill the mind with splendid and illustrious objects, as histories, fables, and contemplations of nature. If you fly physic in health altogether, it will be too strange for your body, when you shall need it If you make it too familiar, it will work no extraordinary effect, when sickness cometh. I commend rather some diet, for certain seasons, than frequent use of physic, except it be grown into a custom.
在吃饭、睡觉、运动的时候,心中坦然,精神愉快,乃是长寿底最好秘诀之一。至于心中的情感及思想,则应避嫉妒,焦虑,压在心里的怒气,奥秘难解的研究,过度的欢乐,暗藏的悲哀。应当长存着的是希望,愉快,而非狂欢;变换不同的乐事,而非过餍的乐事;好奇与仰慕,以保有新鲜的情趣;以光辉灿烂的事物充满人心的学问,如历史、寓言、自然研究皆是也。如果你在健康的时候完全摒弃医药,则到了你需要它的时候将感觉医药对于你底身体过于生疏不惯。如果你平日过于惯用医药,则疾病来时,医药将不生奇效。窃以为与其常服药饵,不如按季节变更食物,除非服药已经成了一种习惯
For those diets alter the body more, and trouble it less. Despise no new accident in your body, but ask opinion of it In sickness, respect health principally; and in health, action.
因为那些不同的食物是可以变更体气而不扰乱它的。对于身体上任何新的症候都不可小视,须要向人求教。
For those that put their bodies to endure in health, may in most sickness, which are not very sharp, be cured only with diet, and tendering. Celsus could never have spoken it as a physician, had he not been a wise man withal, when he giveth it, for one of the great precepts of health and lasting, that a man do vary, and interchange contraries; but with an inclination to the more benign extreme: use fasting, and full eating, but rather full eating; watching and sleep, but rather sleep;sitting, and exercise, but rather exercise; and the like.
在病中,主要的是注意健康;在健康的时候,主要的是注意活动。因为那平日使自己底身体习于劳动的人在大多数不很厉害的疾病中只要节饮食,多调养,就可以好了。塞尔撒斯教人养生长寿之道,最要的一端就是一个人应当把各种相反的习惯都变换着练习练习,但是在轻重之间却应当稍重那有益于人的一端;禁食与饱食都应当练习,但是宁可稍重饱食;警醒与睡眠都应当练习,但是宁可偏尚睡眼;安坐与运动都应当练习,但是宁可着重运动;诸如此类
So shall nature be cherished, and yet taught masteries. Physicians are some of them so pleasing, and conformable to the humour of the patient, as they press not the true cure of the disease; and some other are so regular, in proceeding according to art, for the disease, as they respect not sufficiently the condition of the patient Take one of a middle temper, or if it may not be found in one man, combine two of either sort: and forget not to call, as well the best acquainted with your body, as the best reputed of for his faculty.
塞尔撒斯要不是一位医生而兼哲人的话,专以医生底身分他是永不会说出这种话来的。如他所说的办法,将使天生的体质既可以得滋养又可以增力量也。医生之中有些是对于病人底脾气很纵容迁就的,以致不能迅收治疗之效;又有些人则是照治病底学理行事,十分谨严,以致对于病者底实情不充分注重。选择医生的时候顶好请一位性情适中的;或者,如果一个人没有这样的性情的时候,则在两种人里各取其一而调和之。又在请医生的时候,固然要请那出名的好医生,也不可忘了请那个最熟悉你底体格的医生也。
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弗朗西斯·培根是英国文艺复兴时期最重要的散文家、哲学家。他不但在文学、哲学上多有建树,在自然科学领域里,也取得了重大成就。他的第一部重要著作《随笔》最初发表于1597年,以后又逐年增补。该书文笔言简意赅、智睿夺目,它包含许多洞察秋毫的经验之谈,其中不仅论及政治而且还探讨许多人生哲理。下面读文网小编为大家带来培根散文随笔双语阅读,希望大家喜欢!
Men's thoughts are much according to their inclination: their discourse and speeches according to their learning, and infused opinions; but their deeds are after as they have been accustomed. And therefore, as Machiavelli well noteth (though in an evil favoured instance) there is no trusting to the force of nature, nor to the bravery of words; except it be corroborate by custom. His instance is, that for the achieving of a desperate conspiracy, a man should not rest upon the fierceness of any man's nature, or his resolute undertakings; but take Such an one, as hath had his hands formerly in blood. But Machiavelli knew not of a Friar Clement, nor a Ravillac, nor a Jaureguy, nor a Baltazar Gerard: yet his rule holdeth still, that nature, nor the engagement of words, are not so forcible as custom. Only superstition is now so well advanced, that men of the first blood are as firm as butchers by occupation: and votary resolution is made equipollent to custom, even in matter of blood. In other things, the predominancy of custom is everywhere visible; in so much, as a man would wonder, to hear men profess, protest, engage, give great words, and then do just as they have done before: as if they were dead images, and engines moved only by the wheels of custom.
人们底思想多是依从着他们底愿望的,他们底谈论和言语多是依从着他们底学问和从外面得来的见解的;但是他们底行为却是随着他们平日的习惯的。所以马基亚委利说得很好(虽然他所论的事是很丑的),天性底力量和言语底动人,若无习惯底增援,都是不可靠的。他所论的事情是,为了完成一件极险恶的阴谋,一个人不可信任所用的某人之天性底凶猛或约言底坚决,而应当任用以前曾经亲自下过手,手上染过他人底血的人。但是马基亚委利不知道有一个乞僧克莱门,也不知道有一个哈委亚克,也不知道有一个约尔基,也不知道有一个巴尔塔萨尔·杰拉尔;然而他底定律依然是不移的,就是,天性与言语上的允诺要约都不如习惯有力。只有一件,就是现在迷信很盛,以致初次为迷信杀人的人简直是和业屠的人一样地不动心;盟誓底决意也被作成与习惯一样地强,甚至在流血的事件中亦是如此。在迷信以外的事情中习惯之凌驾一切是处处可见的;其势力之强,使得人们于自白、抗辩、允诺、夸张之后,依然一仍旧贯地作下去,好象他们是无生命的偶像,和由习惯底轮子来转动着的机械似的,这种情形真使人惊讶。
We see also the reign or tyranny of custom, what it is. The Indians (I mean the sect of their wise men) lay themselves quietly upon a stack of wood, and so sacrifice themselves by fire. Nay, the wives strive to be burned with the corpses of their husbands. The lads of Sparta, of ancient time, were wont to be scourged upon the altar of Diana, without so much as queening. I remember in the beginning of Queen Elizabeth's time of England, an Irish rebel condemned, put up a petition to the deputy, that he might be hanged in a with, and not in an halter, because it had been so used, with former rebels.
我们也可以见到习惯底统治或专制,可以看出它是怎么回事。印度人(我说的是他们底哲人中的一派)会自己静静地躺在一堆柴上,然后用火自焚以为牺牲。不但如此,那些做妻子的还要争着与丈夫底尸身一同烧死呢。在古时,斯巴达底青年们常乐于在狄亚那底祭坛上受笞刑,连一动也不动。我还记得在女王伊利萨白初年的英国,有一个被判死刑的爱尔兰叛党曾上呈总督,请求缢死他的时候用薪条而不用绞索,因为以前的叛党都是照例用薪条的。
There ON be monks in Russia, for penance, that will sit a whole night in a vessel of water, till they be engaged with hard ice. Many examples may be put of the force of custom, both upon mind, and body. Therefore, since custom is the principal magistrate of man's life, let men by all means endeavour to obtain good customs.
在俄罗斯有些僧人为赎罪起见,会在水盆里坐上一夜,直到他们被坚冰冻住了才算。习惯在人底精神和肉体两方面的力量,例子可以举出很多来。所以,既然习惯是人生底主宰,人们就应当努力求得好的习惯。
Certainly, custom is most perfect, when it beginneth in young years: this we call education; which is, in effect, but an early custom. So we see, in languages the tongue is more pliant to all expressions and sounds, the joints are more supple to all fears of activity and motions, in youth than afterwards. For it is true, that late learners cannot so well take the ply; except it be in some minds, that have not suffered themselves to fix, but have kept themselves open and prepared to receive continual amendment, which is exceeding rare.
习惯如果是在幼年就起始的,那就是最完美的习惯,这是一定的,这个我们叫做教育。教育其实是一种从早年就起始的习惯。所以我们常见,在言语上,幼年时代比幼年以后舌头较为柔活,能学一切的语法及声音,并且四肢关节也比较柔活,适于各种的竞技和运动。因为年长方学的人不能象从小就学起的人能屈伸如意,这是真的;除非在有些从未固定自己底心志,反而把心志开放着,并准备好了接受不断的改良的人们,那算是例外,但这种情形是非常之少的。
But if the force of custom simple and separate, be great: the force of custom copulate, and conjoined and collegiate, is far greater. For there example teacheth; company comforteth; emulation quickeneth; glory raiseth: so as in such places the force of custom is in his exaltation. Certainly, the great multiplication of virtues upon human nature resteth upon societies well ordained, and disciplined. For commonwealths, and good governments, do nourish virtue grown, but do not much mend the seeds. But the misery is, that the most effectual means are now applied to the ends least to be desired.
但是假如个人底单独的习惯其力量是很大的,那么共有的联合的习惯,其力量就更大得多了。因为在这种地方他人底例子可为我之教训,他人底陪伴可为我之援助,争胜之心使我受刺激,光荣使我得意,所以在这种地方习惯底力量可说是到了最高峰。天性中美德底繁殖是要仗着秩序井然,纪律良好的社会的;这是无疑的。因为国家与好政府只是滋养已长成的美德,而不甚帮助美德的种子的。可悲者,最有效的工具,目前是正用以求达到最要不得的目的呢。
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弗朗西斯·培根是英国文艺复兴时期最重要的散文家、哲学家。他不但在文学、哲学上多有建树,在自然科学领域里,也取得了重大成就。他的第一部重要著作《随笔》最初发表于1597年,以后又逐年增补。该书文笔言简意赅、智睿夺目,它包含许多洞察秋毫的经验之谈,其中不仅论及政治而且还探讨许多人生哲理。下面读文网小编为大家带来培根经典散文随笔阅读,希望大家喜欢!
Many have made witty invectives against usury. They say, that it is pity, the devil should have God's part, which is the tithe. That the usurer is me greatest Sabbath breaker, because his plough goeth every Sunday. That the userer is the drone, that Virgil speaketh of: ignavum fucos pecus a praesepibus arcent.
许多人都曾经说过巧妙的骂放债的话。他们说,人类应给上帝的贡献是每人底收入底十分之一,而现在这上帝应得的一部竟被魔鬼占了,真是一件可悲的事。又说,放债的人乃是最大的破坏安息日的人,因为他底犁耙是每个安息日都在工作的。又说放债的人就是委吉尔所说的雄蜂。
That the usurer breaketh the first law that was made for mankind, after the fall; which was, in sudore vultus tui comedes panem tuum; not, in sudore vultus aliem. That usurers should have orange-tawny bonnets, because they do Judaise. That it is against nature, for money to beget money; and the like. I say this only, that usury is a concessum propter duritiem cads', for since there must be borrowing and lending, and men are so hard of heart as they will not lend freely, usury must be permitted. Some others have made suspicious and cunning propositions of banks, discovery of men's estates, and other inventions. But few have spoken of usury usefully. It is good to set before us the incommodides, and commodities of usury; that the good may be either weighed out, or culled out; and warily to provide, that while we make forth to that which is better, we meet not with that which is worse.
他们把那些雄蜂(一群偷懒的东西)从蜂房中驱逐出去了。又说放债的人把人类自失乐园以后的第一条法律破坏了。这第一条法律就是“你将汗流满面然后得食”,而放债的人却是“借他人面上的汗而得食”的。又说放债的人应该戴姜黄色的帽子,因为他们是变了犹太人了。又说钱生钱是有悖天道的,诸如此类。我只有这句话可说,就是,放债是“因为人心太硬而始蒙上帝允许的一种事”。因为既然借与贷是免不了的,而且人底心肠是硬得不肯白借钱给人的,那么放债的事情便非准许不可了。又有些人也曾经关于银行及财产呈报和其他的办法作过多疑而巧妙的建议,但是很少有关于放债这件事说过有用的话的。把放债的利与害列举在我们眼前,以便我们酌量采择其利,并且小心办理,庶几我们在走向改良之途的时候不要遇见比现在更坏的事情,这是好的。
The discommodities of usury are: first, that it makes fewer merchants. For were it not for this lazy trade of usury, money would not lie still, but would, in great part, be employed upon merchandising; which is the vena porta of wealth in a state. The second, that it makes poor merchants. For as a fanner cannot husband his ground so well, if he sit at a great rent; so the merchant cannot drive his trade so well, if he sit at great usury. The third is incident to the other two; and that is, the decay of customs of kings or states, which ebb or flow with merchandising. The fourth, that it bringeth the treasure of a realm or state into a few hands. For the usurer being at certainties, and others at uncertainties, at the end of the game; most of the money will be in the box; and ever a state flourisheth, when wealth is more equally spread. The fifth, that it beats down the price of land: for the employment of money is chiefly, either merchandising, or purchasing; and usury waylays both. The sixth, that it dolh dull and damp all industries, improvements, and new inventions, wherein money would be stirring, if it were not for this slug. The last, that it is the cancer and ruin of many men's estates; which in process of time breeds a public poverty.
放债底害处:第一它使商人底数目减少。因为要是没有放债这种懒惰生意,金钱是不会静止不动的,反之,大部分的金钱将被用在商业上,而商业乃是国家底财富底“门静脉”。第二,放债使商人性质变劣。因为,一个农人,假如他住在一个租价很大的田地上他就不能够好好地经营他底地土;类此,假如一个商人不得不靠高利贷的话,他就不能好好地进行他底生意。第三件害处是附属于上述的两件害处的,就是帝王或国家底税收之减少,税收原是随着贸易涨落的。第四件害处是放债把一国底财富都聚在少数人之手。因为放债的人是拿得稳的,而别的生意人是不能拿得稳的,所以到这场戏快结束的时候大多数的钱都进了放债为生的人底箱子了。然而一个国家总是在财富分配得最为平均的时候最为兴盛的。第五件害处是放债之举把土地的价值打低了;因为金钱底用处,主要是在做生意或购置田产,而放债却把这两种事业都路劫了。第六件害处是,放债把一切的工业、改良、和新的发明都挫折,压抑了,因为假如没有放债这种事业阻挠的话,在上述的种种事业中自会有金钱活动的。最末的一件害处是,放债是蠹害许多人底财产的东西,而这种行为经过了相当时间之后是会引起一种共同的贫乏的。
On the other side, the commodities of usury are. First, that howsoever usury in some respect hindereth merchandising, yet in some other it advanceth it: for it is certain, that the greatest part of trade is driven by young merchants, upon borrowing at interest: so as if the usurer either call in, or keep back his money, there will ensue presently a great stand of trade. The second is, that were it not for this easy borrowing upon interest, men's necessities would draw upon them a most sudden undoing; in that they would be forced to sell their means (be it lands or goods) far under foot; and so, whereas duty doth but gnaw upon them, bad markets would swallow them quite up.
在另一方面,放债底益处是,第一,无论放债之举在某种情形是多么阻挠商业的,然而在别的方面它却是助长商业的;因为商业底最大部分是由年轻的商人靠着借有利息的债而经营的,这是无疑的。如果放债的人把他底钱收回或者不放出去,马上就会发生商业上的大停滞。第二件益处是,要没有这样容易的用利息借债的办法,人们底需要将使他们骤然陷于没落;因为他们将不得不被迫而卖掉他们赖以为生的资产(无论是田产或货物)而且卖得价值远不及这些资产底真正价值。所以,放债的行为固然是蠹蚀这些人,但是若没有放债的行为,则坏的市面将把他们整个吞噬了。
As for mortgaging, or pawning, it will lime mend the matter, for either men will not take pawns without use; or if they do, they will look precisely for the forfeiture. I remember a cruel moneyed man, in the country, that would say; the devil take this usury, it keeps us from forfeitures of mortgages and bonds. The third and last is; that it is a vanity to conceive that there would be ordinary borrowing without profit; and it is impossible to conceive the number ofinconveniencies that will ensue, if borrowing be cramped.
至于抵押或典当之举,那也是无补于事的:因为,不是人们不肯无利息地收受抵押和典当;就是,如果他们肯这样做,他们必定会眼睛专注在没收那些资产上面的。记得有一位乡下的狠心富翁,他常说,“鬼把这种放债的举动拿去才好,它使得我们不能够没收抵押的产业和证券”。第三而第末的益处是,设想能有不带利息的一般借贷乃是虚妄的;并且,如果借贷之事一受拘束,将发生的不便之处其数目之多是不能想象的。
Therefore, to speak of the abolishing of usury is idle. All states have ever had it, in one kind or rate, or other. So as that opinion must be sent to Utopia.
因此要废止放债业的话是空话。所有的国家都有过这种生意的,不过种类与利率的不同罢了。所以这种意见只好送到乌托邦里去了。
To speak now, of the reformation and reiglement of usury; how the discommodities of it may be best avoided, and the commodities retained. It appears by the balance of commodities and discommodities of usury, two things are to be reconciled. The one, that the tooth of usury be grinded, that it bite not too much: the other, that there be left open a means, to invite moneyed men to lend to the merchants, for the continuing and quickening of trade. This cannot be done, except you introduce two several sorts of usury; a less, and a greater. For if you reduce usury to one low rate, it will ease the common borrower, but the merchant will be to seek for money. And it is to be noted that the trade of merchandise, being the most lucrative, may bear usury at a good rate; other contracts not so.
现在且一谈改良并管理放债业之道;如何可以避免它底害处而保持它底益处。从放债业底利害相权看来,有两件事是应当调和的。一件是,放债业底牙齿应当磨得钝一点,使它不至于咬人咬得太厉害;另一件是,应当留一个门户,可以鼓励有钱的人放债给商家,以便商业能够继续并活动。这件事情除非你创立两种大小不同的放债,是办不到的。因为,假如你把放债业全减到一个低利率上去,这种办法对一般的借债者将要容易一点而商人将不容易找到钱了。并且我们也应当注意,商品交易的事业,因为获利最厚,所以能担负高利贷,而别的事业则不如此。
To serve both intentions, the way would be briefly thus. That there be two rates of usury, the one free, and general for all; the other under licence only, to certain persons, and in certain places of merchandising. First therefore, let usury, in general, be reduced to five in the hundred; and let that rate be proclaimed to be free and current; and let the state shut itself out, to take any penalty for the same.
要把上述的两种目的都达到,其方法略如下。要有两种利率;一种是自由而且公开的;另一种是受统治的,唯有某种人并且在某种商业地域才可以得到允许的。因此第一,应当使普通放债底利率减到百分之五;这种利率应当公布为自由的通行的利率;并且国家应当担承对于这种的利率不加以罪。
This will preserve borrowing from any general stop or dryness. This will ease infinite borrowers in the country. This will, in good part, raise the price of land, because land purchased at sixteen years purchase will yield six in the hundred, and somewhat more, whereas this rate of interest yields but five. This, by like reason, will encourage and edge industrious and profitable improvements; because many will rather venture in that kind, than take five in the hundred, especially having been used to greater profit Secondly, let there be certain persons licensed to lend, to known merchants, upon usury at a higher rate; and let it be with the cautions following.
这个办法可使借贷之举免于停止或枯竭,也可以便利国内无数的借款人。并且,这个办法,在大体上,将提高田地底价值,因为以十六年交清买款为期买来的地一年之中可以产生百分之六或稍高的利息,而这种放债底利率则只能产生百分之五的利息也。以同样的理由,这种办法也将鼓励并激刺工业和有益的改良,因为许多人将宁愿投资于这些事业而不愿收百分之五的利益,尤其是收惯了较高的利息的人更要如此。第二,应该让一部分人得到允许,可以用较高的利率放债给知名的商人;这种事并且还得有如下的预防。
Let the rate be, even with the merchant himself, somewhat more easy, than that he used formerly to pay: for, by that means, all borrowers shall have some ease by this reformation, be he merchant, or whosoever. Let it be no rank or common stock, but every man be master of his own money: not that I altogether mislike banks, but they will hardly be brooked, in regard of certain suspicions. Let me state be answered, some small matter, for the licence, and the rest left to the lender: for if the abatement be but small, it will no whit discourage the lender. For he, for example, that took before ten or nine in the hundred, will sooner descend to eight in the hundred, than give over his trade of usury, and go from certain gains, to gains of hazard.
这种利率,即在那些商人底方面,也应该比他从前惯付的利率较为轻一点;因为由这种方法,所有的借款人都可以得到一点便利,无论他是商人或是任何人。放债的人不可是银行或公司,而每个人都应当是他自己底钱底主人。这并不是我完全憎恶银行,而是因为他们为了某种嫌疑的原故是很难受一般人底信任的。国家为了所发的允许证应当使放债人负责缴纳一笔小捐税,其余的利益则应当归之于放债的人;因为假如这种捐税底数目很小的话,它是决不会使放债的人灰心的。举例来说,那原先收百分之十或百分之九的利息的人是宁可降到百分之八而不肯放弃他底放债事业,撇下拿得稳的利益跑去求冒险的利益的。
Let these licenced lenders be in number indefinite, but restrained to certain principal cities and towns of merchandising: for then they will be hardly able to colour other men's monies in the country: so as the licence of nine will not suck away the current rate of five: for no man will send his monies far off, nor put them into unknown hands.
这些持有允许证的放债者其数目可以不必限定,不过他们营业的地点却应当限于某几个商业的城市;因为这样他们就不能掩饰国中他人底钱财:持有特许证可以放百分之九的利率的债的人就不会把那一般流行的百分之五的利率的钱吸收尽了;因为没有人肯把钱放到远处,或放在不相识的人底手里的。
If it be objected that this doth, in a sort, authorise usury, which before was, in some places, but permissive: the answer is; mat it is better to mitigate usury by declaration, than to suffer it to rage by connivance.
如果有人反对说,以前放债的事业不过是在某种地方受容忍,而我底办法差不多要使它成为合法的营业了;我的答语是用公开承认的办法补救放债底害处比默认其存在而使它横行的好一点。
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外贸为商务英语范畴,确切的说是针对外贸行业的英语。接下来小编为大家整理了外贸英语常用句子中英文对照,希望对你有帮助哦!
1. To familiarize ourselves with your products, we need some technical details. Please send us literatures, brochures, or leaflets dealing with your products.
为使我们熟悉贵公司的产品,我们需要一些技术方面的细节。请寄有关产品的说明书,小册子或者活页目录。
2. We are also enclosing a catalog showing a brand new addition to our line, Model E331.
附寄一本目录,上面有本公司系列产品中增添的最新型号E331。
3. We hope the enclosed brochure will be helpful to you.
我们希望附寄的小册子对您有所帮助。
4. We send you a brochure on the various kinds of bicycle now available for export.
现寄去一份有关我公司目前可供出口的各式自行车的小册子。
5.这是一个技术性的问题,我得找我们的技术部门。
We are expecting to receive your earliest reply to this enquiry.
6.我们在等待你早日答复这一询函。
We have an enquiry for silicon carbide and would like to ask you to send us your offer for 1000 metric tons for shipment during September.
7.我们得到一个碳化硅的询盘,请你报我1000公吨9月交货。
We have received an inquiry for Men’s Shirts and request you to send us your offer not later than the end of this month.
8.我们收到的一个男衬衫的询盘,要求你们在本月底以前给我们报盘。
We have recently received many inquiries from retailing shops in New York area about the captioned items and are sure that there would be very brisk demands, We shall appreciate your quoting us your most competitive prices on a CIF New York basis for the following.
9.我们近期收到许多来自纽约地区的零售商的关于标题货物的询函,我们肯定那儿的需求一定很旺。如能报我以下产品的CIF 纽约的最具竞争的价格,将十分感谢。
We have seen your advertisement in the Textile journal and should be glad if you would send us patterns and prices of quality cotton piece goods available from stock..
10.我们看到了你们在《纺织品杂志》上刊登的广告,如能给我们寄来可现货供应的优质布匹的花稿和剪样,将十分高兴
We highly appreciate your immediate reply to our Enquiry Note No.2436 regarding hard drivers.
11.非常感谢及时回复我方关于硬盘的第2436号询单。
Several of my customers have recently expressed interest in your waterproof garments and enquired about their quality. We should be glad if you could send us samples and quotations.
12.我们有几个客户表示对你们的防水服装感兴趣并询问了质量情况。如能寄来样品和报价,将十分感谢。
The attached bulletin will give you complete information on vacuum cleaners.
13.附上的简报有关于真空吸尘器的详细信息。
There is likely to be enquiry or order for men’s shirts, therefore ,please send us quotations and samples in advance.
14.很可能有男衬衫的询单甚至定单,所以请提前寄来报价和样品。
This is a technical question, which I will have to refer to our technical department.
15. Will you please let us have a list of items that are imported by you?
请寄我公司一份贵公司进口的商品清单。
16. Will you please send me a copy of your catalogue and pricelist of desktop computers and copies of any descriptive leaflets that I could pass to prospective customers.
请寄我一份台式计算机的目录本和价目单,或者任何说明小册子,以便本公司分给潜在的顾客。
17. Many thanks for your letter dated September 6, we have enclosed the current brochure from which you may have a better understanding of our new products.
感谢你方9月6日来函,先附上一册最新商品目录,从中你会对我们的新产品有更多的了解。
18. Thanks for your enquiry dated May 18, we are now sending you our latest pricelist for your reference.
感谢你方5月18日询价,随函寄去我方最新价目单以供参考。
19. Our quotation is subject to change without notice.
我方报价如有变更不另通知。
20. There is a big demand for Chinese microware ovens. We shall appreciate your quoting us competitive prices for models available now.
我国对中国微波炉的需求很大,请你们对目前能供应的型号向我方报有竞争性价格,非常感谢。
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信用证条款基本都是大同小异,那么英文的信用证条款如何写呢,接下来读文网小编为大家整理了信用证条款中英文对照。希望对你有帮助哦!
48: Period for presentation 单据提交期限
DOCUMENTS MUST BE PRESENTED WITHIN
XX DAYS AFTER LATEST SHIPMENT DATE
BUT WITHIN THE VALIDITY OF THIS CREDIT
在信用证有效期内,最迟装运期后XX天内,向银行提交单据
49: Confirmation instruction
WITHOUT 不保兑
53A: Reimbursement Bank 偿付行
ABOCSGSG
78: Instructions to pay/account/negotiation bank 指示付款行 ? 议付行
1.A DISCREPANCY(IES) FEE OF USDXX.00 WILL BE DEDUCTED FROM THE PROCEEDS IF THE DOCUMENTS ARE PRESENTED WITH A DISCREPANCY(IES). 如果单据提交有差异,差额将从信用额里扣除 2.ALL DOCUMENTS SHOULD BE DESPATCHED TO US (ADDRESS:quduwen)IN ONE LOT BY COURIER SERVICE.
所有单据应一次性通过快件形式发给我们
72: Sender to receiver information 说明
THIS CREDIT IS ISSUED SUBJECT TO UCP500 (1993 REVISION)
本信用证跟据跟单信用证通一惯例UCP500(1993 年版)开出
one original and four photocopies of the commercial invoice showing standard export packing and also showing non-quota when a non-quota item is shipped.
出具一式四份标准出口包装的商业发票,若为无配额商品,则需另出无配额证明
one origianl and three photocopies of inspection certificate issued by hymin park of min woo international inc.
出具一式三份由hymin park of min woo international inc.签发的商检证书
a fax letter by angela stating that one full set of non-negotiable documents was received.
Angela传真声明需出具一整套不可议付之单证
one origianal and three photocopies of beneficiary's certificate certifying that a production sample was sent to the attention of ruth plant or Albert elkaim of buffalo jeans ,400 L sauve west, montreal , quebec
一式三份的受益人产品样品之证明书寄至工厂或是此地址: Albert elkaim of buffalo jeans ,400
sauve west, montreal , quebec h3l 1z8 (好像是加拿大的一个地址)
one original and three photocopies of packing list. 装箱单一式三份
full set of original marine bills of lading clean on board or multimode transport documents clean on board plus 2 non-negotiable copies issued by air sea transport inc.. weihai, china made out or endorsed to order of bnp paribass(canada) marked freight collect, notify general customs brokers attn linda 514-876-1704
全套清洁已装船的海运提单或是清洁已装船之多式联运提单需加两份由air sea transport inc签发的不可议付单据副本.提单需注明由bnp paribass(Canada)付费,通关联系人 Linda,电话514-876-1704
one original and three photocopies of certificate of export licence of textile products showing the year of quota which must correspond to the year of shipment except in the case of non-quota which an export licence is not required.
出具一式三份的纺织品出品许可证明书,年度配额须与年度出货一致,其中无需配额要求除外.
one original and three photocopies of certificate of origin.
一式三份的原产地证书
one original and three photocopies of canada customs invoice.
一式三份的加拿大海关发票
a fax letter by albert elkaim,michel bitton, ruth plant,kathy alix,nancy whalen,marjolaine martel,mimi bernola,anna sciortino,jennyfer hassan or charles bitton stating a sample was received.'p N0_ X H:V v B
albert elkaim,michel bitton, ruth plant,kathy alix,nancy whalen,marjolaine martel,mimi bernola,anna sciortino,jennyfer hassan or charles bitton这些人传真声明的可接受之样品
letter from shipper on their letterhead indicating their name of company and address,bill of lading number,container number and that this shipment,including its container,does not contain any non-manufactured wooden material, tonnage, bracing material, pallets, crating or other non-manufactured wooden packing material.
托单需注明托运人公司,地址,提单号,货柜号,及装载量,包括非木质包装之排水量,托盘,板条箱或其它非木质包装材料
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药用植物,是指医学上用于防病、治病的植物。其植株的全部或一部分供药用或作为制药工业的原料。接下来小编为大家整理了药用植物学名中英文对照,希望对你有帮助哦!
银杏 Ginkgo biloba Linn
黄叶银杏 Ginkgo biloba L. var. aurea Beiss.
黄绿银杏 Ginkgo biloba L. var. variegata Cari
广东松 Pinus kwangtagensis Chun
马尾松 Pinus massoniana Lamb.
油松 Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.
柳杉 Cryptomeria fortunei Hooibrenk.
杉 Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.
落羽松 Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.
南洋杉 Araucaria cunninghamia Sw.
侧柏 Playcladus orientalis (L.) Endl.
鸡毛松 Podocarpu imbricatus Bl.
小叶罗汉松 Podocarpus macrophyllus D. Don var. maki (S. et Z.) Endl.
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银行是以存款、贷款、电汇、储蓄等业务,承担信用中介的金融机构。其主要的业务范围有吸收公众存款、发放贷款以及办理票据贴现等。接下来小编为大家整理了世界各国主要银行中英文对照,希望对你有帮助哦!
花旗银行 Citibank 美国
大和银行 Daiwa Bank 日本
富士银行 Fuji Bank 日本
阿比国民银行 Abbey National 英国
巴克莱银行 Barclays Bank PLC. 英国
巴黎国民银行 Banque Nationale de Paris 法国
巴西银行 Banco Do Brasil 巴西
大通曼哈顿银行 Chase Manhattan Bank 美国
德累斯顿银行 Dresdner Bank 德国
德意志银行 Deutsche Bank 德国
第一劝业银行 Dai-Ichi Kangyo Bank 日本
第一洲际银行 First Interstate Bancorp 美国
东海银行 Tokai Bank 日本
东京银行 Bank of Tokyo 日本
都灵圣保罗银行 Istituto Bancario SanPaolo Di Torino 意大利
多伦多自治领银行 Toronto-Dominion Bank 加拿大
国民劳动银行 Banca Nazionale del Lavoro 意大利
国民西敏寺银行 National Westminster Bank PLC. 英国
荷兰农业合作社中央银行 Cooperatieve Centrale Raifferssen-Boerenleenbank 荷兰
荷兰通用银行 Algemene Bank Nederland 荷兰
汉华实业银行 Manufacturers Hanover Corp. 美国
汇丰银行 Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corp. 香港
加拿大帝国商业银行 Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce 加拿大
加拿大皇家银行 Royal Bank of Canada 加拿大
劳埃德银行 Lloyds Bank PLC. 英国
里昂信贷银行 Credit Lyonnais 法国
伦巴省储蓄银行 Cassa Di Risparmio Delle Provincie Lombarde 意大利
梅隆国民银行 Mellon National Corp. 美国
美洲银行(全称"美洲银行国民信托储蓄会") Bank America Corp( "Bank of America National Trust and Savings Associations") 美国
米兰银行 Midland Bank 英国
纽约银行家信托公司 Bankers Trust New York Corp. 美国
农业信贷国民银行 de Caisse Nationale Credit Agricole 法国
日本兴业银行 Industrial Bank of Japan 日本
瑞士联合银行 Union Bank of Switzerland 瑞士
瑞士信贷银行 Credit Suisse 瑞士
瑞士银行公司 Swiss Bank Corp. 瑞士
三和银行 Sanwa Bank 日本
三井银行 Mitsui Bank 日本
三菱银行 Mitsubishi Bank 日本
太平洋安全银行 Security Pacific Corp 美国
西德意志地方银行 Westdeutsche Landesbank Girozentrale 德国
西太平洋银行公司 Westpac Banking Corp. 澳大利亚
西亚那银行 Monte Dei Paschi Di Siena 意大利
意大利商业银行 Banca Commerciale Italiana 意大利
意大利信贷银行 Credito Italiano 意大利
芝加哥第一国民银行 First Chicago Corp. 美国
中国银行 Bank of China 中国
住友信托银行 Sumitomo Trust & Banking 日本
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报关单证主要指报关单,通关单,原产地证,海运提单,发票,装箱单等等的单证。是海关审核的主要依据。接下来小编为大家整理了常见报关单证词汇中英文对照。希望对你有帮助哦!
Case,C/-箱
Plastic bag塑料袋
Carton,Ctn.纸箱
5-ply Paper Bag五层纸袋
Cardboard纸板箱
Polythelene Net尼龙绳网袋
Wooden Case木箱
Zippered Bag拉链袋
Three-plywood Case三夹板箱
Cask桶(小桶)
Box,Bx.盒
Drum圆桶(铁皮圆桶)
Wooden Box木盒
Keg小圆桶
Iron Box铁盒
Barrel琵琶桶
Plastic Transparency Box塑料透明盒
Wooden Cask木桶
Bag(Sack)袋
Plastic Drum塑料桶
Jute Bag Gunny Bag麻袋
Iron Drum铁桶
Bale包
Pallet托盘
Packet小包
Pair双
Bottle瓶
Dozen打
Flask长颈瓶
Ream令
Jar罐(坛子)
Gross罗
Vial药水瓶
Bolt(Piece)匹
Carboy大玻璃瓶
Yard码
Can罐头
Roll卷
Tin听
Block块
Basket篮(篓、筐)
Bundle捆
Pannier盖篮
Unit辆
Container集装箱
In Nude裸装
Nude with Iron Wire Bundle铁丝捆裸装
In Bulk散装
克Gram
g.
公斤Kilogram
Kg.
公担Quintal
q.
公吨Metric ton
m.t.
长吨Long ton
l.t.
短吨Short ton
Sh.t.
英担Hundredweight
Cwt.
美担Hundredweight
cwt.
磅Pound
lb.
两(常衡)Ounce
oz.
两(金衡)Ounce
oz.t
司马担Picul
米Metre
m.
公里Kilometre
Km.
厘米Centimetre
cm.
毫米Milimerte
mm.
码Yard
Yd.
英尺Foot
Ft.
英寸Inch
In.
平方米Square metre
Sq.m.
平方英尺Square foot
Sq.ft.
平方码Square yard
Sq.yd.
立方米Cubic metre
Cu.m.
立方英尺Cubic foot
Cu.ft.
升Litre
l.
毫升Millilitre
Ml.
加仑Gallon
Gal.
蒲式耳Bushel
Bu.
克拉Carat
Car.
马力Horse Power
h.p.
千瓦Kilowatt
Kw.
公吨度Metric ton unit
m.t.u.
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外贸服装也有一些专用的英语词汇。小编为大家整理了服装布料词汇中英文对照。希望对你有帮助哦!
蜡光缎:cire satine
全消光尼丝纺:Full dull nylon taffeta
半消光尼丝纺:semi-dull nylon taffeta
亮光尼龙:Trilobal nylon
全消光塔丝隆:Full dull nylon taslan
全消光牛津布:full dull nylon oxford
尼龙格:Nylon rip-stop
塔丝隆格:Taslan rip-stop
哑富迪:Full dull Micro polyester pongee
靛蓝青年布:Indigo chambray
人棉布植绒:Rayon cloth flocking
PVC植绒:PVC flocking
针织布植绒:Knitting cloth flocking
珠粒绒:Claimond veins
倒毛:Down pile making
平绒:velveteen (velvet-plain)
仿麂皮:Micro suede
牛仔皮植绒:Jeans flocking
尼丝纺:Nylon taffeta (Nylon shioze)
尼龙塔夫泡泡纱:Nylon seersucker taffeta
素面植绒:plain flocking
印花植绒:flocking(flower)
雕印植绒:Embossing flocking
皮革沟底植绒:Leather imitation flocking
牛仔植绒雕印:Embossing jeans flocking
兔羊绒大衣呢:Angora cachmere overcoating
双面呢:double-faced woolen goods羊毛
立绒呢:cut velvet
顺毛呢:over coating
粗花呢:costume tweed
弹力呢:lycra woolen goods
塔丝绒: Nylon taslon
塔丝绒格子:N/Taslon ripstop
桃皮绒:polyester peach skin
涤塔夫:polyester taffeta
春亚纺:polyester pongee
超细麦克布:Micro fiber
锦棉稠(平纹):Nylon-cotton fabric (plain)
重平锦棉稠:Nylon-cotton-cotton fabric(double weft)
人字锦棉纺:Nylon-cotton fabric
斜纹锦棉纺:Nylon-cotton fabric (twill)
素色天鹅绒:solid velvet
抽条磨毛天鹅绒:Rib fleece velvet
雪花天鹅绒:melange velvet
轧花天鹅绒:ginning velvet
粒粒绒布:pellet fleece velvet
麻棉混纺布:linen/cotton blended fabric
麻棉交织布:linen/cotton mixed fabric
素色毛巾布:solid terry
蚂蚁布:fleece in one side
素色卫衣布:solid fleece
鱼网布:fleece
彩条汗布:color-stripes single jersey
T/R弹力布:T/R bengaline
T/C色织格子布:T/C solid check fabric
弹力仿麂皮:Micro suede with spandex
T/R仿麂皮:T/R Micro suede
仿麂皮瑶粒绒复合布:100%polyester micro suede bounding with polar fleece
仿麂皮针织布复合:100% polyester bounding with knitting micro suede fabric
仿麂皮羊羔绒复合布:100% polyester micro suede bounding with lamb fur
全消光春亚纺:Full dull polyester pongee
春亚纺格子:polyester pongee rip-stop
全消光涤纶桃皮绒:Full dull polyester peach
宽斜纹桃皮绒:Big twill polyester peach
涤锦复合桃皮绒:poly/nylon peach
涤纶格子:polyester taffeta rip-stop
涤纶蜂巢塔丝隆:polyester honey taslan
全消光涤纶低弹牛津布:Full dull poly textured oxford
涤锦交织桃皮绒:Nylon/polyester inter-woven peach
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老挝全名老挝人民民主共和国。历史上曾是真腊王国的一部分。13至18世纪是南掌,之后受暹罗和越南入侵,后来又受法国入侵,1893年沦为法国殖民地。1945年独立,1975年废除君主制成立共和国。老挝是东南亚国家联盟成员国,也是最不发达国家之一,于1997年7月加入东盟。下面读文网小编为大家带来旅游英语老挝中英文地名对照,欢迎大家学习!
阿速坡 attapeu
巴色 pakse
班纳欣 ban nahin
北汕 paksane
波里坎塞 borikhamxay
博胶(波乔) bokeo
川圹 xiengkhuang
丰沙里 phongsaly
丰沙湾 phonsavan
甘蒙 khammuane
华潘 huaphanh
会晒 houayxay
琅勃拉邦 luangprabang
琅南塔 louangnamtha
琅南塔 luangnamtha
孟蓬洪 muang phonhong
塞公 sekhong
塞公(公河) sekhong
桑怒 xam nua
沙拉湾 saravane
沙湾拿吉 savannahket
沙湾拿吉 savannakhet
沙耶武里 xaignaboury
沙耶武里 xayaboury
他曲 thakhek
万象 vientiane
万象市 vientiane municipality
乌多姆赛 oudomxay
占巴塞 champasack
中英文地名对照相关
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越南的旅游资源丰富,同时旅游业也增长迅速,经济效益显著。下面读文网小编为大家带来旅游英语越南中英文地名对照,欢迎大家学习!
平定 binh dinh
平顺 binh thuan
前江 tien giang
芹苴 can tho
清化 thanh hoa
庆和 khanh hoa
荣市 vinh
山萝 son la
顺化 hue
朔庄 soc trang
绥和 tuy hoa
太平 thai binh
太原 thai nguyen
同奈 dong nai
同塔 dong thap
头顿 vung tau
土龙木 thu dau mot
西宁 tay ninh
西宁 tay ninh
小河 song be
新安 tan an
宣光 tuyen quang
芽庄 nha trang
义安 nghe an
永富 vinh phu
永隆 vinh long
越池 viet tri
岘港 da nang
槟知 ben tre
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英语散文的发展历程十分曲折,散文大家风格多变,兼之中英语言个性殊异,若要成功地把英语散文大家的作品翻译到中文,既须了解英语散文发展的概况,又须注意保证气韵逻辑通畅,文气沛然,才能传神译出,曲尽其妙,令汉语读者获得相同或相近的审美感受。下面读文网小编为大家带来经典英语散文中英对照,希望大家喜欢!
I was always a little in awe of GREat-aunt StephinaRoos. Indeed, as children we were all frankly terrifiedof her. the fact that she did not live with the family,preferring her tiny cottage and solitude to thecomfortable but rather noisy household where wewere brought up-added to the respectful fear inwhich she was held.
我对斯蒂菲娜老姑总是怀着敬畏之情。说实在话,我们几个孩子对她都怕得要死。她不和家人一块生活,宁愿住在她的小屋子里,而不愿住在舒舒服服、热热闹闹的家里--我们六个孩子都是在家里带大的--这更加重了我们对她的敬畏之情。
We used to take it in turn to carry small delicacies which my mother had made down from thebig house to the little cottage where Aunt Stephia and an old colored maid spent their days. OldTnate Sanna would open the door to the rather frightened little messenger and would usherhim-or her - into the dark voor-kamer, where the shutters were always closed to keep out theheat and the flies. There we would wait, in trembling but not altogether unpleasant.
我们经常轮替着从我们住的大房子里带些母亲为她做的可口的食品到她和一名黑人女仆一块过活的那间小屋里去。桑娜老姨总是为每一个上门来的怯生生的小使者打开房门,将他或她领进昏暗的客厅。那里的百叶窗长年关闭着,以防热气和苍蝇进去。我们总是在那里哆哆嗦嗦、但又不是完全不高兴地等着斯蒂菲娜老姑出来。
She was a tiny little woman to inspire so much veneration. She was always dressed in black,and her dark clothes melted into the shadows of the voor-kamer and made her look smallerthan ever. But you felt. The moment she entered. That something vital and strong andsomehow indestructible had come in with her, although she moved slowly, and her voice wassweet and soft.
一个像她那样身材纤细的女人居然能赢得我们如此尊敬。她总是身穿黑色衣服,与客厅里的阴暗背景融成一体,将她的身材衬托得更加娇小。但她一进门,我们就感到有一种说不清道不明、充满活力和刚强的气氛,尽管她的步子慢悠、声调甜柔。
She never embraced us. She would GREet us and take out hot little hands in her own beautifulcool one, with blue veins standing out on the back of it, as though the white skin were almosttoo delicate to contain them.
她从不拥抱我们,但总是和我们寒暄,将我们热乎乎的小手握在她那双秀美清爽的手里,她的手背上露出一些青筋,就像手上白嫩的皮肤细薄得遮不住它们似的。
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Maya(或译作玛雅)是相当高阶而且复杂的计算机三维动画软件,被广泛用于电影、电视、广告、电脑游戏和电视游戏等的数码特效创作。读文网小编为大家整理了Maya有关词汇中英文对照,希望对你有帮助哦!
Curves创建曲线
CV Curve Tool CV曲线工具
EP Curve Tool EP曲线工具
Pencil Curve Tool笔曲线工具
Add Points Tool加点工具
Curve Editing Tool曲线编辑工具
Offset Curve曲线移动
Offset Curve On Surface曲线在表面移动
Project Tangent曲线切线调整
Fillet Curve带状曲线
Rebuild Curve重建曲线
Extend Curve扩展曲线
Insert Knot插入节点
Attach Curves连接曲线
Detach Curves断开曲线
Align Curves对齐曲线
Open/Close Curves打开/关闭曲线
Reserse Curves反转曲线
Duplicate Curves复制曲线
CV Hardness硬化曲线
Fit B-spline适配贝塔曲线
Surfaces曲面
Bevel斜角
Extrude凸出
Loft放样
Planar曲面
Revolve旋转
Boundary边界
Birail 1 Tool二对一工具
Birail 2 Tool二对二工具
Birail 3 Tool二对三工具
Circular Fillet圆边斜角
Freeform Fillet自由形斜角
Fillet Blend Tool斜角融合工具
Edit Surfaces编辑曲面
Intersect Surfaces曲面交叉
Project Curve投影曲线
Trim Tool修整曲线工具
Untrim Surfaces撤消修整
Rebuild Surfaces重建曲面
Prepare For Stitch准备缝合
Stitch Surface Points点缝合曲面
Stitch Tool缝合工具
NURBS to Polygons NURBS转化为多边形
Insert Isoparms添加元素
Attach Surfaces曲面结合
Detach Surfaces曲面分离
Align Surfaces曲面对齐
Open/Close Surfaces打开/关闭曲面
Reverse Surfaces反转曲面
Polygones多边形
Create Polygon Tool创建多边形工具
Append to Polygon Tool追加多边形
Split Polygon Tool分离多边形工具
Move Component移动元素
Subdivide多边形细化
Collapse面转点
Edges边界
Soften/Harden柔化/硬化
Close Border关闭边界
Merge Tool合并工具
Bevel斜角
Delete and Clean删除和清除
Facets面
Keep Facets Together保留边线
Extrude凸出
Extract破碎
Duplicate复制
Triangulate三角分裂
Quadrangulate四边形合并
Trim Facet Tool面修整工具
Normals法向
Reverse倒转法向
Propagate传播法向
Conform统一法向
Texture质地
Assign Shader to Each Projection指定投影
Planar Mapping平面贴图
Cylindrical Mapping圆柱体贴图
Spherical Mapping球体贴图
Delete Mapping删除贴图
Cut Texture裁剪纹理
Sew Texture斜拉纹理
Unite联合
Separate分离
Smooth光滑
Selection Constraints选定限定工具
Smart Command Settings改变显示属性
Convert Selection转化选定
Uninstall Current Settins解除当前设定
Animation动画模块
Keys关键帧
Settings设置关键帧
Auto Key自动设置关键帧
Spline样条曲线式
Linear直线式
Clamped夹具式
Stepped台阶式
Flat平坦式
Other其他形式
Set Driven Key设置驱动关键帧
Set设置
Go To Previous前移
Go To Next后退
Set Key设置帧
Hold Current Keys保留当前帧
Paths路径
Set Path Key设置路径关键帧
Attach to Path指定路径
Flow Path Object物体跟随路径
Skeletons骨骼
Joint Tool关节工具
IK Handle Tool反向动力学句柄工具
IK Spline Handle Tool反向动力学样条曲线句柄工具
Insert Joint Tool添加关节工具
Reroot Skeleton重新设置根关节
Remove Joint去除关节
Disconnect Joint解除连接关节
Connect Joint连接关节
Mirror Joint镜向关节
Set Preferred Angle设置参考角
Assume Preferred Angle
Enable IK Solvers反向动力学解算器有效
EIk Handle Snap反向动力学句柄捕捉有效
ESelected IK Handles反向动力学句柄有效
DSelected IK Handles反向动力学句柄无效
Deformations变形
Edit Menbership Tool编辑成员工具
Prune Membership变形成员
Cluster簇变形
Lattice旋转变形
Sculpt造型变形
Wire网格化变形
Lattice旋转
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英语散文以优美的语言美丽,给人以独特的阅读享受,是放松我们心情的阅读伴侣。下面读文网小编为大家带来优美散文阅读双语对照,供大家阅读欣赏!
John and Bobby joined a wholesale company togther just after graduation from college the same year. Both worked very hard. After several years, however, the boss promoted Bobby to the posotion of manager but John remained an ordinary employee. John could not take it anymore, tendered his resignation to the boss and complained the boss did not know how to delegate and did not value hard working staff, but only promoted those who flattered him.
约翰和博比同年大学毕业后,被同一家批发公司录用。他们二人工作都很努力。然而,几年后,老板提拔博比为部门经理,而约翰还是一名普通员工。约翰再也无法忍受,冲动之下写了一封辞职信,并抱怨老板不会用人,不重用那些敬业的员工,只提升那些奉承他的人。
The boss knew that John worked very hard for the years. He thought for a moment and said, "Thank you for your criticism, but I have a request. I hope you will do one more thing for our company before you leave. Perhaps you will change your mind and take back your resignation."
老板知道这几年约翰工作确实很努力。他想了一会儿说:“谢谢你对我的批评。但是我只有一个请求,我希望在你离开之前再为公司做一件事情。或许到时你会改变决定,收回辞呈。”
John agreed. The boss asked him to go and find out anyone selling watermelon in the market. John went and returned soon. He said he had found out a man selling watermelon. The boss asked how much per kg? John shook his head and went back to the market to ask and returned to inform the boss $1.2 per kg.
约翰答应了。 老板让他去市场找到一个卖西瓜的人。约翰去了并很快回来。他说他找到了一个卖西瓜的人。老板问他每公斤多少钱?约翰摇摇头,回到市场去问,然后又回来告诉老板每公斤1.2美元。
Boss told John to wait a second, and he called Bobby to come to his office. He asked Bobby to go and find anyone seling watermelon in the market. Bobby went, returned and said, boss, only one person selling watermelon. $1.2 per kg, $10 for 10kg, he has inventory of 340 melons. On the table 58 melons, every melon weights about 2 kg, bought from the South two days ago, they are fresh and red, good quality.
老板让约翰等一会儿,这时他把博比叫到办公室。他让博比去市场找到一个卖西瓜的人。博比去了,回来之后说:“老板,只有一个卖西瓜的人,每公斤 1.2美元,每10公斤卖10美元。这个人一共有340个西瓜,其中58个放在货架上,每个西瓜重约2公斤,都是两天前从南方运来的,新鲜,红瓤,质量好。”
John was very impresed and realized the difference between himself and Bobby. He decided not to resign but to learn from Bobby.
约翰受到很大的触动,他意识到自己与博比之间的差距。他决定收回辞呈并向博比学习。
优美散文阅读双语相关
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威廉·杰斐逊·克林顿,是第42任,52届美国总统。在克林顿的执政下,美国经历了历史上和平时期持续时间最长的一次经济发展。在美国人眼中最伟大的总统是林肯,其次是肯尼迪,第三名就是克林顿!下面读文网小编为大家带来克林顿就职演讲中英文稿,希望对你有所帮助!
同胞们:
今天,我们庆祝美国复兴的奇迹。这个仪式虽在隆冬举行,然而,我们通过自己的言语和向世界展示的面容、却促使春回大地--回到了世界上这个最古老的民主国家,并带来了重新创造美国的远见和勇气。
当我国的缔造者勇敢地向世界宣布美国独立,并向上帝表明自 己的目的时,他们知道,美国若要永存,就必须变革。不是为变革而变革,而是为了维护美国的理想--为了生命、自由和追求幸福而变革。尽管我们随着当今时代 的节拍前进,但我们的使命永恒不变。每一代美国人,部必须为作为一个美国人意味着什么下定义。今天,在冷战阴影下成长起来的一代人,在世界上负起了新的责 任。这个世界虽然沐浴着自由的阳光,但仍受到旧仇宿怨和新的祸患的威胁。
我们在无与伦比的繁荣中长大,继承了仍然是世界上最强大的经济。但由于企业倒闭,工资增长停滞、不平等状况加剧,人民的分歧加深,我们的经济已经削弱。
当乔治•华盛顿第一次宣读我刚才宜读的誓言时,人们骑马把 那个信息缓慢地传遍大地,继而又来船把它传过海洋。而现在,这个仪式的情景和声音即刻向全球几十亿人播放。通信和商务具有全球性,投资具有流动性;技术几 乎具有魔力;改善生活的理想现在具有普遍性。今天,我们美国人通过同世界各地人民进行和平竞争来谋求生存。各种深远而强大的力量正在震撼和改造我们的世 界,当今时代的当务之急是我们能否使变革成为我们的朋友,而不是成为我们的敌人。
这个新世界已经使几百万能够参与竞争并且取胜的美国人过上 了富裕的生活。但是,当多数人干得越多反而挣得越少的时候,当有些人根本不可能工作的时候,当保健费用的重负使众多家庭不堪承受、使大大小小的企业濒临破 产的时候,当犯罪活动的恐惧使守法公民不能自由行动的时候,当千百万贫穷儿童甚至不能想象我们呼唤他们过的那种生活的时候,我们就没有使变革成为我们的朋 友。我们知道,我们必须面对严酷的事实真相,并采取强有力的步骤。但我们没有这样做,而是听之任之,以致损耗了我们的资源,破坏了我们的经济,动摇了我们 的信心。
我们面临惊人的挑战,但我们同样具有惊人的力量,美国人历来是不安现状、不断追求和充满希望的民族,今天,我们必须把前人的远见卓识和坚强意志带到我们的任务中去。从革命,内战,大萧条,直到民权运动,我国人民总是下定决心,从历次危机中构筑我国历史的支柱。
托马斯•杰斐逊认为,为了维护我国的根基,我们需要时常进行激动人心的变革。美国同胞们,我们的时代就是变革的时代,让我们拥抱这个时代吧!
我们的民主制度不仅要成为举世称羡的目标,而且要成为举国复兴的动力。美国没有任何错误的东西不能被正确的东西所纠正。因此,我们今天立下誓言,要结束这个僵持停顿、放任自流的时代,一个复兴美国的新时代已经开始。
我们要复兴美国,就必须鼓足勇气。我们必须做前人无需做的 事情。我们必须更多地投资于人民,投资于他们的工作和未来,与此同时,我们必须减少巨额债务。而且,我们必须在一个需要为每个机会而竞争的世界上做到这一 切。这样做并不容易:这样做要求作出牺牲。但是,这是做得到的,而且能做得公平合理。我们不是为牺牲而牺牲,我们必须像家庭供养子女那样供养自己的国家。
我国的缔造者是用子孙后代的眼光来审视自己的。我们也必须 这样做。凡是注意过孩子蒙?o人睡的人,都知道后代意味着什么,后代就是将要到来的世界--我们为之坚持自己的理想,我们向之借用这个星球,我们对之负有 神圣的责任。我们必须做美国最拿手的事情:为所有的人提供更多的机会,要所有的人负起更多的责任。
现在是破除只求向政府和别人免费索取的恶习的时候了。让我们大家不仅为自己和家庭,而且为社区和国家担负起更多的责任吧。
我们要复兴美国,就必须恢复我们民主制度的活力。这个美丽的首都,就像文明的曙光出现以来的每一个首都一样,常常是尔虞我诈、明争暗斗之地。大腕人物争权夺势,没完没了地为官员的更替升降而烦神,却忘记了那些用辛勤和汗水把我们送到这里来,并养活了我们的人。
美国人理应得到更好的回报。在这个城市里,今天有人想把事 情办得更好一些。因此,我要时所有在场的人说:让我们下定决心改革政治,使权力和特权的喧嚣不再压倒人民的呼声。让我们撇开个人利益。这样我们就能觉察美 国的病痛,并看到官的希望。让我们下定决心,使政府成为富兰克林•罗斯福所说的进行"大胆而持久试验"的地方,成为一个面向未来而不是留恋过去的政府。让 我们把这个首都归还给它所属于的人民。
我们要复兴美国,就必须迎接国内外的种种挑战。国外和国内事务之间已不再有明确的界限--世界经济,世界环境,世界艾滋病危机,世界军备竞赛,这一切都在影响着我们大家。
我们在国内进行重建的同时,面对这个新世界的挑战不会退缩不前,也下会坐失良机。我们将同盟友一起努力进行变革,以免被变革所吞没。当我们的重要利益受到挑战,或者,当国际社会的意志和良知受到蔑视,我们将采取行动--可能时就采用和平外交手段,必要时就使用武力。
今天,在波斯湾、索马里和任何其他地方为国效力的勇敢的美国人,都证明了我们的决心。
但是,我们最伟大的力量是我们思想的威力。这些思想在许多国家仍然处于萌芽阶段。看到这些思想在世界各地被接受,我们感到欢欣鼓舞。我们的希望,我们的心,与每一个大陆正在建立民主和自由的人们是连在一起的。他们的事业也是美国的事业。
美国人民唤来了我们今天所庆祝的变革。你们毫不含糊地齐声疾呼。你们以前所未有的人数参加了投票。你们使国会、总统职务和政治进程本身全都面目一新。是的,是你们,我的美国同胞们,促使春回大地。
现在,我们必须做这个季节需要做的工作。现在,我就运用我的全部职权转向这项工作。我请求国会同我一道做这项工作。任何总统、任何国会、任何政府都不能单独完成这一使命。同胞们,在我国复兴的过程中,你们也必须发挥作用。
我向新一代美国年轻人挑战,要求你们投入这一奉献的季节--按照你们的理想主义行动起来,使不幸的儿童得到帮助,使贫困的人们得到关怀,使四分五裂的社区恢复联系。要做的事情很多--确实够多的,以至几百万在精神上仍然年轻的人也可作出奉献。
在奉献过程中,我们认识到相互需要这一简单而又强大的真 理。我们必须相互关心.今天,我们不仅是在赞颂美国,我们再一次把自己奉献给美国的理想:这个理想在革命中诞生,在两个世纪的挑战中更新;这个理想经受了 认识的考验,大家认识到,若不是命运的安排,幸运者或不幸者有可能互换位置;这个理想由于一种信念而变得崇高,即我国能够从纷繁的多佯性中实现最深刻的统 一性,这个理想洋溢着一种信:美国漫长而英勇的旅程必将永远继续。同胞们,在我恻即将跨入21世纪之际,让我们以旺盛的精力和满腔的希望,以坚定的信心和 严明的纪律开始工作,直到把工作完成。《圣经》说:"我们行善,不可丧志,若不灰心,到了时候,就要收成。"
在这个欢乐的山巅,我们听见山谷里传来了要我们作出奉献的召唤。我们听到了号角声。我们已经换岗。现在,我们必须以各自的方式,在上帝的帮助下响应这一召唤。
谢谢大家。上帝保佑大家。
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