为您找到与国际多式联运是相关的共75个结果:
国际多式联运简称多式联运,是在集装箱运输的基础上产生和发展起来的,是指按照国际多式联运合同,以至少两种不同的运输方式,由多式联运经营人将货物从一国境内的接管地点运至另一国境内指定交付地点的货物运输。接下来小编为大家整理了国际多式联运的介绍,希望对你有帮助哦!
国际多式联运是采用两种或两种以上不同运输方式进行联运的运输组织形式。这里所指的至少两种运输方式可以是:海陆,陆空,海空等。这与一般的海海,陆陆,空空等形式的联运有着本质的区别。后者虽也是联运,但仍是同一种运输工具之间的运输方式。众所周知,各种运输方式均有自身的优点与不足。一般来说,水路运输具有运量大,成本低的优点;公路运输则具有机动灵活,便于实现货物门到问运输的特点,铁路运输的主要优点是不受气候影响,可深入内陆和横贯内陆实现货物长距离的准时运输;而航空运输的主要优点是可实现货物的快速运输。由于国际多式联运严格规定必须采用两种和两种以上的运输方式进行联运,因此这种运输组织形式可综合利用各种运输方式的优点,充分体现社会化大生产大交通的特点。
由于国际多式联运具有其它运输组织形式无可比拟的优越性,因而这种国际运输新技术已在世界各主要国家和地区得到广泛的推广和应用。目前,有代表性的国家多式联运主要有远东/欧洲,远东/北美等海陆空联运,其组织形式包括:
1.海陆联运
海陆联运是国际多式联运的主要组织形式,也是远东/欧洲多式联运的主要组织形式之一。目前组织和经营远东/欧洲海陆联运业务的主要有班轮公会的三联集团、北荷、冠航和丹麦的马士基等国际航运公司,以及非班轮公会的中国远洋运输公司、台湾长荣航运公司和德国那亚航运公司等。这种组织形式以航运公司为主体,签发联运提单,与航线两端的内陆运输部门开展联运业务,与大陆桥运输展开竞争。
2.陆桥运输
在国际多式联运中,陆桥运输(Land Bridge Service)起着非常重要的作用。它是远东/欧洲国际多式联运的主要形式。所谓陆桥运输是指采用集装箱专用列车或卡车,把横贯大陆的铁路或公路作为中间“桥梁”,使大陆两端的集装箱海运航线与专用列车或卡车连接起来的一种连贯运输方式。严格他讲,陆桥运输也是一种海陆联运形式。只是因为其在国际多式联运中的独特地位,故在此将其单独作为一种运输组织形式。目前,远东/欧洲的陆桥运输线路有西伯利亚大陆桥和北美大陆桥。
(1)西伯利亚大陆桥(Siberian Landbridge)
西伯利亚大陆桥(SLB)是指使用国际标准集装箱,将货物由远东海运到俄罗斯东部港口,再经跨越欧亚大陆的西怕利亚铁路运至波罗的海沿岸如爱沙尼亚的塔林或拉脱维亚的里加等港口,然后再采用铁路、公路或海运运到欧洲各地的国际多式联运的运输线路。
西伯利亚大陆桥于1971年由原全苏对外贸易运输公司正式确立。现在全年货运量高达10万标准箱(TEU),最多时达15万标准箱。使用这条陆桥运输线的经营者主要是日本、中国和欧洲各国的货运代理公司。其中,日本出口欧洲杂货的V3,欧洲出口亚洲杂货的1/5是经这条陆桥运输的。由此可见,它在沟通亚欧大陆,促进国际贸易中所处的重要地位。
西伯利亚大陆桥运输包括“海铁铁”、“海铁海”、“海铁公”和“海公空”等四种运输方式。由俄罗斯的过境运输总公司(SOJUZTRANSIT)担当总经营人,它拥有签发货物过境许可证的权利,并签发统一的全程联运提单,承担全程运输责任。至于参加联运的各运输区段,则采用“互为托、承运”的接力方式完成全程联运任务。可以说,西伯利亚大陆桥是较为典型的一条过境多式联运线路。
西伯利亚大陆桥是目前世界上最长的一条陆桥运输线。它大大缩短了从日本、远东、东南亚及大洋洲到欧洲的运输距离,并因此而节省了运输时间。从远东经俄罗斯太平洋沿岸港口去欧洲的陆桥运输线全长13000km。而相应的全程水路运输距离(经苏伊士运河)约为20000km。从日本横滨到欧洲鹿特丹,采用陆桥运输不仅可使运距缩短1/3,运输时间也可节省1/2。此外,在一般情况下,运输费用还可节省20%~30%左右,因而对货主有很大的吸引力。
由于西伯利亚大陆桥所具有的优势,因而随着它的声望与日惧增,也吸引了不少远东、东南亚以及大洋洲地区到欧洲的运输,使西怕利亚大陆桥在短短的几年时间中就有了迅速发展。但是,西伯利亚大陆桥运输在经营上管理上存在的问题如港口装卸能力不足、铁路集装箱车辆的不足、箱流的严重不平衡以及严寒气候的影响等在一定程度上阻碍了它的发展。尤其是随着我国兰新铁路与中哈边境的土西铁路的接轨,一条新的“欧亚大陆桥”形成,为远东至欧洲的国际集装箱多式联运提供了又一条便捷路线,使西怕利亚大陆桥面临严峻的竞争形势。
(2)北美大陆桥(North American Landbridge)
北美大陆桥是指利用北美的大铁路从远东到欧洲的“海陆海”联远。该陆桥运输包括美国大陆桥运输和加拿大大陆桥运输。美国大陆桥有两条运输线路:一条是从西部太平洋沿岸至东部大西洋沿岸的铁路和公路运输线;另一条是从西部太平洋沿岸至东南部墨西哥湾沿岸的铁路和公路运输线。美国大陆桥于1971年底由经营远东/欧洲航线的船公司和铁路承运入联合开办“海陆海”多式联运线,后来美国几家班轮公司也投入营运。目前,主要有四个集团经营远东经美国大陆桥至欧洲的国际多式联运业务。这些集团均以经营人的身份,签发多式联运单证,对全程运输负责。加拿大大陆桥与美国大陆桥相似,由船公司把货物海运至温哥华,经铁路运到蒙特利尔或哈利法克斯,再与大西洋海运相接。
北美大陆桥是世界上历史最悠久、影响最大、服务范围最广的陆桥运输线。据统计,从远东到北美东海岸的货物有大约50%以上是采用双层列车进行运输的,因为采用这种陆桥运输方式比采用全程水运方式通常要快1~2周。例如,集装箱货从日本东京到欧洲鹿特丹港,采用全程水运(经巴拿马运河或苏伊士运河)通常约需5~6周时间,而采用北美陆桥运输仅需3周左右的时间。
随着美国和加拿大大陆桥运输的成功营运,北美其它地区也开展了大陆桥运输。墨西哥大陆桥(Mexican Land bridge)就是其中之一。该大陆桥横跨特万特佩克地峡(Isthmus Tehuantepec),连接太平洋沿岸的萨利纳克鲁斯港和墨西哥湾沿岸的夸察夸尔科斯港,陆上距离182 n mile。墨西哥大陆桥于1982年开始营运,目前其服务范围还很有限,对其他港口和大陆桥运输的影响还很小。
在北美大陆桥强大的竞争面前,巴拿马运河可以说是最大的输家之一。随着北美西海岸陆桥运输服务的开展,众多承运人开始建造不受巴拿马运河尺寸限制的超巴拿马型船(Post-Panamax Ship),从而放弃使用巴拿马运河。可以预见,随着陆桥运输的效率与经济性的不断提高,巴拿马运河将处于更为不利的地位。
(3)其它陆桥运输形式
北美地区的陆桥运输不仅包括上述大陆桥运输,而且还包括小陆桥运输(Minibridge)和微桥运输(Microbridge)等运输组织形式。图84表示了北美陆桥运输系统的基本构成。
小陆桥运输从运输组织方式上看与大陆桥运输并无大的区别,只是其运送的货物的目的地为沿海港口。目前,北美小陆桥运送的主要是日本经北美太平洋沿岸到大西洋沿岸和墨西哥湾地区港口的集装箱货物。当然也承运从欧洲到美西及海湾地区各港的大西洋航线的转运货物。北美小陆桥在缩短运输距离、节省运输时间上效果是显著的。以日本/美东航线为例,从大贩至纽约全程水运(经巴拿马运河)航线距离9700 n mile,运输时间21~24天。而采用小陆桥运输,运输距离仅7400 n mile,运输时间16天,可节省1周左右的时间。
微桥运输与小陆桥运输基本相似,只是其交货地点在内陆地区。北美微桥运输是指经北美东、西海岸及墨西哥湾沿岸港口到美国、加拿大内陆地区的联运服务。随着北美小陆桥运输的发展,出现了新的矛盾,主要反映在:如货物由靠近东海岸的内地城市运往远东地区(或反向),首先要通过国内运输,以国内提单运至东海岸交船公司,然后由船公司另外签发由东海岸出口的国际货运单证,再通过国内运输运至西海岸港口,然后海运至远东。货主认为,这种运输不能从内地直接以国际货运单证运至西海岸港口转运,不仅增加费用,而且耽误运输时间。为解决这一问题,微桥运输应运而生。进出美、加内陆城市的货物采用微桥运输既可节省运输时间,也可避免双重港口收费,从而节省费用。例如,往来于日本和美东内陆城市匹兹堡的集装箱货,可从日本海运至美国西海岸港口,如奥克兰,然后通过铁路直接联运至匹兹堡,这样可完全避免进入美东的费城港,从而节省了在该港的港口费支出。
3.海空联运
海空联运又被称为空桥运输(Airbridge Service)。在运输组织方式上,空桥运输与陆桥运输有所不同:陆桥运输在整个货运过程中使用的是同一个集装箱,不用换装,而空桥运输的货物通常要在航空港换入航空集装箱。不过。两者的目标是一致的,即以低费率提供快捷、可靠的运输服务。
海空联运方式始于60年代,但到80年代才得以较大的发展。采用这种运输方式,运输时间比全程海运少,运输费用比全程空运便宜,20世纪60年代,将远东船运至美国西海岸的货物,再通过航空运至美国内陆地区或美国东海岸,从而出现了海空联运。当然,这种联运组织形式是以海运为主,只是最终交货运输区段由空运承担,1960年底,原苏联航空公司开辟了经由西伯利亚至欧洲航空线,1968年,加拿大航空公司参加了国际多式联运,80年代,出现了经由香港、新加坡、泰国等至欧洲航空线。目前,国际海空联运线主要有:
(1)远东一欧洲:目前,远东与欧洲间的航线有以温哥华、西雅图、洛杉矾为中转地,也有以香港、曼谷、海参威为中转地。此外还有以旧金山、新加坡为中转地。
(2)远东一中南美:近年来,远东至中南美的海空联运发展较快,因为此处港口和内陆运输不稳定,所以对海空运输的需求很大。该联运线以迈阿密、洛杉矾、温哥华为中转地。
(3)远东一中近东、非洲、澳洲:这是以香港、曼谷为中转地至中近东、非洲的运输服务。在特殊情况下,还有经马赛至非洲、经曼谷至印度、经香港至澳洲等联运线,但这些线路货运量较小。
总的来讲,运输距离越远,采用海空联运的优越性就越大,因为同完全采用海运相比,其运输时间更短。同直接采用空运相比,其费率更低。因此,从远东出发将欧洲。中南美以及非洲作为海空联运的主要市场是合适的。
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国际新闻从当代意义来讲,是指跨越了国家界限并具有跨文化性质的新闻,或者说,新闻及新闻要素在国际间的传播和流动。那么你知道国际新闻用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。
国际新闻界 Journal of International Communication
国际新闻文学硕士 Master of Arts in International Journalism Studies
国际新闻学会 the International Press Institute
CNN国际新闻网络 CNN International
国际新闻自由奖 CPJ International Press Freedom Awards
凤凰国际新闻 Phoenix International News
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国际贸易也称通商,是指跨越国境的货品和服务交易,一般由进口贸易和出口贸易所组成,因此也可称之为进出口贸易。那么你知道国际贸易用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。
international business
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国际象棋又称西洋棋,是一种二人对弈的棋类游戏,棋盘由64个黑白相间的格子组成,每方16个棋子。虽然汉语称之为西洋棋或国际象棋,但是实际上它起源于亚洲,具体源于何地尚无定论,由阿拉伯人传入欧洲。那么你知道国际象棋用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。
1. Great chess players have a reputation for being both eccentric and argumentative.
国际象棋大师们以性格怪异和好与人争辩而闻名。
2. Gary Kasparov has retained his title as world chess champion.
加雷·卡斯帕罗夫卫冕了他国际象棋世界冠军的称号。
3. Chess has long been regarded as a measure of intellect.
国际象棋长久以来被认为是智慧的体现。
4. The World Chess Federation has affiliates in around 120 countries.
国际象棋联合会在大约120个国家设有分支机构。
5. There will be a chess competition next week.
下个星期有一场国际象棋比赛.
6. He always outfoxes his opponents at chess.
他下国际象棋总是胜人一筹.
7. The Australian chess grandmaster Ian Rogers took on six opponents blindfold and beat five.
澳大利亚国际象棋顶级大师伊恩·罗杰斯和6位对手下盲棋,战胜了5位。
8. With chess you're involved in a battle of wits from start to finish.
下国际象棋从头到尾都是在比拼智慧。
9. In chess there are typically about 36 legal moves from any given board position.
在国际象棋中,一般来说从棋盘任何位置都可以移动大约36步。
10. He retired from professional chess because he had lost the zest for winning.
他退出了职业国际象棋赛场,因为他已经对获胜毫无兴致。
11. An area in which the computer has made considerable strides in recent years is in playing chess.
近年来,计算机应用取得长足进步的一个领域是国际象棋。
12. I know how to play chess. How about you?
我会下国际象棋. 你呢?
13. Playing chess is my favourite interest in my spare time.
我业余时间最喜欢下国际象棋。
14. You could learn to play chess in, ( let's ) say, three months.
学下国际象棋要用, 比如说, 叁个月吧.
15. Some people think that chess is a science, not just a game.
一些人认为国际象棋是一门科学, 而不仅是一种游戏.
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国际商务学是一门研究为满足个人及组织需求而进行的跨国界交易的科学。那么你知道国际商务用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。
1. I'm a representative of International Business Machines Corporation.
我是国际商务机械公司的代表.
2. Both quantity and amount for each item less are allowed.
每一项目的数量和金国际商务单证实务额均允许有10%的增减.
3. International business English teaching quality hearing can not be guaranteed.
国际商务英语听力教学质量无法保证.
4. Tianjin Port Bonded Area - funded international business company was established in 1992.
天津港保税区海资国际商务公司成立于1992年.
5. Many of these CEO's have significantly increased their international marketplace value.
很多这么做的CEO们显著提高了他们自己在国际商务市场上的价值.
6. International businesspeople should learn both the spoken and unspoken language.
国际商务的从业人员既要学习有声的语言、也要学习无声的语言.
7. There is a seminar on international business opportunity this evening.
今晚有一个关于国际商务机会的专题讨论会.
8. In its historical perspective, international business is not new.
从历史的角度来看, 国际商务并非新鲜事物.
9. The prospects for widening the opportunities for international commerce look grim.
扩大国际商务机会的前景看起来不妙.
10. Our textbook is New International Business English published by Cambridge University Press.
我们的教材是采用剑桥大学出版社出版的《新国际商务英语》.
11. The success of international business relationships depends on effective business negotiations.
国际商务关系的成功建立取决于有效的商务谈判.
12. Increased global competition caused the difficulties of international business operation.
全球性竞争加剧所造成的国际商务经营的困难.
13. The action of the government violated the international treaty on commercial shipping.
政府的行为违反了国际商务运输条约.
14. International business refers to any business activity that crosses national boundaries.
国际商务指任何类型的跨国商务活动.
15. Allow more companies to face international business confidence in the exchange.
让更多的公司自信的面对国际商务交流.
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国际社会是世界政治、经济体系的另一称呼,它是指世界政治、经济的各行为主体为实现各自的利益,在频繁相互作用的过程中所构成的一个整体。那么你知道国际社会用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。
1. The United Nations has appealed for help from the international community.
联合国已经呼吁国际社会提供援助。
2. The international community is ready to work in unison against him.
国际社会准备联手反对他。
3. It is a controversial policy which has attracted international censure.
这是一项颇有争议的政策,引起了国际社会的批评。
4. They are appealing to the world community to come to Jordan's assistance.
他们正在呼吁国际社会向约旦伸出援手。
5. She is a well respected member of the international community.
她在国际社会中非常受人敬重。
6. He has learnt little in his dealings with the international community.
他在与国际社会打交道的过程中几乎什么都没学到。
7. The world community has been slow to respond to the crisis.
国际社会对这次危机反应迟缓。
8. The world community should not flinch in the face of this challenge.
国际社会在面对这一挑战时不应该回避。
9. Ironically, the latest clamp-down has just led to renewed international criticism.
让人哭笑不得的是,最近的制裁结果只是导致新一波国际社会的批评。
10. The killing caused an international outcry.
这起谋杀引起了国际社会的强烈抗议。
11. Since the Convention was drawn up international opinion has begun to move against it.
自从该国际公约起草之日起,国际社会就转而对其持反对意见。
12. He made only a veiled reference to international concerns over human rights issues.
他只是含蓄地提到了国际社会对人权问题的关注。
13. The President is calculating that this will somehow relieve the international pressure on him.
总统预计这可以从某一方面缓解自己所承受的国际社会压力。
14. The UN's role in promoting peace is increasingly the focus of international attention.
联合国在促进和平方面的作用越来越受到国际社会的关注。
15. The conference will make further efforts to enlist the support of the international community for their just struggle.
会议必将进一步动员国际社会,支持他们的正义斗争.
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在商务场合的问候中,正确运用礼仪非常重要。下面读文网小编为大家带来商务英语国际商务礼仪盘点,欢迎大家阅读!
1.What's the “first custom” in the international society?
被国际社会公认的“第一礼俗”是什么?
“Lady first”.
女士优先。
2.What is the “Three A” principle in social communications?
社交中的“三A原则”指的是什么?
Accept, Appreciate, Admire
接受对方,重视欣赏对方,赞美敬佩对方。
3.What does TOP mean in the international etiquette?
在国际礼仪中,TOP指的是哪三个原则?
Time, Objective and Place
时间,目的, 地点。
4.When you are talking with people from western countries, eight topics should be avoided. What are they?
和西方人交谈时,应避免哪八个话题?
Age, marital status, salary, experience, address, personal life, religious belief, politics, and opinions about other people.
年龄,婚否,收入,经历,住址,个人生活,宗教信仰,政治见解,以及对他人的看法。
5.Which three words are the most common ones in social life?
哪三个词在社交场合最常用?
Thanks, Excuse me (sorry), Please.
谢谢,对不起,请。
6.What are the requirements for appearance in social communication occasions?
社交场合的仪容要求是什么?
Natural, Harmonious, Beautiful
自然,和谐,美观。
7.Could you tell us the general rules for greetings?
打招呼致意的一般规则是什么?
* Gentlemen say hello first to ladies.
男性先向女性致意。
* Young men say hello first to elderly men.
年轻者先向年长者致意。
* The employees say hello to the employers.
下级应向上级致意。
8.You want to visit a foreign friend, and what will you do first?
你想要拜访一位外国朋友,首先应该怎么做?
You'd better make a phone call first to make an appointment.
你最好打电话预约一下。
9.To attend a formal party, how will you dress yourself?
参加正式晚会,应如何着装?
An evening dress or a suit
晚装或套装。
10.On formal occasions, how many colors of all your clothes should be?
在正式场合,一个人全身服装的颜色应该多少种?
No more than three.
最好不超过三种。
11.On formal occasions, what kind of shoes should a man wear?
在正式场合,男士应穿什么样的鞋?
Black leather shoes.
黑皮鞋。
12.On formal occasions, can a man match the black shoes with white socks?
在正式场合,男士的黑皮鞋可以和白袜子搭配吗?
No, he can't.
不可以。
13.If the suit is buttoned, where should be the stickpin?
西装系着扣时,领带夹应在衬衫的哪两粒钮扣之间?
Between the second button and the third button of the shirt.
夹在衬衫的第二和第三粒钮扣之间。
14.If the suit is unbuttoned, where should be the stickpin?
西装敞着穿时,领带夹应在衬衫的哪两粒钮扣之间?
Between the third button and the fourth button of the shirt.
夹在衬衫的第三和第四粒钮扣之间。
15.When your foreign friend says, “Your new dress is so beautiful.”what are you supposed to say?
当你的外国朋友对你说:“你的新衣服真漂亮!” 你应该怎么说?
You should say, “Thanks, I am glad you like it.”
你应该说:“谢谢,很高兴你喜欢。”
16.When taking the escalator, which side should you stand on?
坐手扶电梯时,应站在靠哪边的位置?
You should stand on the right side. Leave the left side for someone in rush.
应靠右侧站立,为有急事的人空出左侧通道。
17.In big parties, how do people get to know each other?
在大型聚会上,人们怎样相识?
By making self-introduction.
通过自我介绍。
18.When making self-introduction, how many minutes should it take?
做自我介绍时,多长时间为宜?
Half a minute, no more than one minute.
半分钟,不能超过一分钟。
以上就是读文网小编为大家带来的商务英语国际商务礼仪盘点,希望对大家能有所帮助!
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商务英语口语区别于日常口语,有很强的专业性。下面小编收集了一些国际商务英语口语分享给大家,希望对大家有用。
约翰刚打电话来请病假。
John just called in sick.
这真是少有的事儿。在我的记忆中,他从来没有请过病假。
It rarely happens.
是啊,他只请过一次3天的事假,还是因为他妻子生
In my memory he has never asked for sick leave,
In my memory he has never asked for medical leave.
要是我们公司有弹性工作制就好了。
He only asked for three day personal leave for his personal leave
要是能选择工作地点不就更好了。
If only our company prescribed flex-time!
那我就可以远程办公了。
Would it be even better if alternative workplace is provided?
My entire job could be done by telecommuting.
小道消息说,约翰可能要成为我们部门的经理。
I heard through the grapevine that John will probably become our office manager.
他是个讨厌到极点的人。
He is a pain in the neck .
为什么?
Why?
他是个马屁精。
He is a brown-nosier.
他很会拍马屁往上爬。
He is good at kissing up to get ahead.
他擅长拍老板的马屁。
He is good at sucking up to the boss.
我倒认为他挺胜任的。
But I suppose he’s well qualified.
我倒认为他很有才华。
But I suppose he’s adequate.
But I suppose he’s competent. But I suppose he has lots of talents.
你是从哪儿听到这个谣言的?
How did you get wind of the rumor?
我可不是一个传谣者
I am not a rumor-monger.
好了,别聊了,继续工作吧。
Lets stop gossiping and get back to work.
你穿这身西装看起来很职业。
You look very professional in this suit.
公司规定穿西装打领带。
The company regulates that men should wear a suit and tie.
你习惯吗?
Do you get used to it?
公司的规定可不能讨价还价啊
Company policy is not negotiable.
Company policy should be adhered to.
可以理解。这事关公司形象。
I appreciate it. It is related to company image.
你上班怎样着装?
How do you dress for work?
我们公司允许着休闲装。
Casual attire is acceptable in our company.
Casual Fridays is allowed in our company.
那你为什么还穿这套长裤西服装?
Why are you in this pant suit ?
我今晚要出席商务晚宴。
I'll attend our business dinner .
你知道员工离职最常见的原因是什么吗?
Do you know what the most common reason people leave a company is?
想挣更多钱?
More money?
不,是人性。
No personalities.
你是说因为他们不喜欢自己的老板?
Do you mean they don’t like their boss?
是的。金钱排在很后面。
Precisely! Money is way down the list.
我们公司很尊重员工。
Our company values the employees.
Our company treats employees with respect.
我们公司对待员工如同对待客户。
Our company treats employees the way it treats clients.
我们公司注重人性化管理。
Our company attaches importance to humanized management
所以得到了回报。
So it pays off.
我们公司的离职率很低。
Our company's turnover rate is low.
我们对公司非常忠诚。
We stick with our company.
We remain loyal to our company.
你们公司的企业文化是什么?
What’s your corporate culture?
我们公司鼓励员工勇于冒险。
Our company encourages risk taking.
嗯。不入虎穴,焉得虎子。
En, nothing ventured nothing gained.
我们不要为小事所累,应该专注于大事。
We shouldn’t be concerned with the small stuff.
We shouldn’t worry about the small details.
We shouldn’t sweat the small stuff is important to look at the big picture.
你认为你们公司注重结果吗?
Would you say you arc a results-oriented company?
的确如此。 .
Definitely.
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小编为大家整理国际贸易英语词汇,希望对你有帮助哦!
All Risks 一切险
F.P.A. (Free from Particular Average) 平安险
W.A. / W.P.A (With Average or With Particular Average) 水渍险
War Risk 战争险
F.W.R.D. (Fresh Water Rain Damage) 淡水雨淋险
Risk of Intermixture and Contamination 混杂、玷污险
Risk of Leakage 渗漏险
Risk of Odor 串味险
Risk of Rust 锈蚀险
Shortage Risk 短缺险
T.P.N.D. ( Theft, Pilferage & Non-delivery) 偷窃提货不着险
Strikes Risk 罢工险
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下面读文网小编为大家带来金融英语关于国际货币制度情景对话,欢迎大家学习!
Mary Johnson ,an officer of the First National Bank, is discussing the International Monetary System with one of her businessman clients ,Harold Black.
玛丽·约翰逊,第一国民银行的高级职员,正和她的一位经商的顾客哈罗德·布莱克讨论国际货币制度。
Black:I have been reading a great deal recently about exchange-rate fluctuations ,
布莱克:最近,我读了大量有关外汇汇率浮动、
payment balances ,clean and dirty floats ,and the International Monetary System .
收支平衡、不受限制的和受限制的汇率浮动以及国际货币制度的材料。
While I generally understand the way foreign exchange markets work,I am not sure exactly what the International Monetary System is.
虽然我对于外汇市场的机制有了大概的了解,但是对于什么是国际货币制度这个问题还是不十分清楚。
Johnson:Well,Mr.Black,the term International Monetary System actually refers to a series of agreements among the major governments and their central banks to bring order and stability to the international exchange markets.
玛 丽:噢,布莱克先生,“国际货币制度”这一术语实际上是指为了维护国际外汇市场的秩序和稳定,一些影响较大的政府和中央银行之间所签定的一系列协定。
The most important ,signed in 1944,is called the Bretton Woods Agreement .
最为重要的一个协定是1944年签定的布雷顿森林的协定,
It established the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.
根据该协定而建立了世界银行和国际货币基金组织。
B:Oh ,so you mean these agreements regulate international exchange rates?
布莱克:那么,您是说由这些协定来管理国际汇率吗?
J:They did until 1971.Up until that time international foreign exchange rates were pegged to fixed values for gold and the U.S.dollar,
玛 丽:直到1971年,这些协定确实起着这样的作用。在当时,国际外汇汇率是以黄金和美元的固定价值来定价的,
which was considered to be the key currency .
黄金和美元被分认为当时的主要通币。
B:What happened in 1971 to change this ?
布莱克:那么,1971年时,什么原因改变了这一点呢?
J:The surplus of dollars abroad from foreign aid,capital exports and chronic balance of payments deficits forced the U.S. to formally suspend gold convertibility .
玛 丽:由于外援而造成的国外的美元过剩,资本的输出和长期的国际收支逆差迫使美国正式中止了黄金的可兑换性,
This brought an end to the old Bretton Woods System.
致使旧的布雷顿森林体系宣告结束。
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商务会议是商务活动的重要组成部分,商务人员在日常工作交往中必不可少的一项活动就是参加会议,是作为企业、公司实施有效领导、有效管理、有效经营的重要工具,而根据目标、性质的差异,商务会议又被分为多种类型。接下来读文网小编为大家整理了国际商务会议常用英语口语,希望对你有帮助哦!
We haven’t heard from you yet, (name of participant).
What do you think about this proposal?
Would you like to add anything, (name of participant)?
Has anyone else got anything to contribute?
Are there any more comments?
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商务英语口语区别于日常口语,有很强的专业性。下面小编收集了一些当代国际商务英语口语分享给大家,希望对大家有用。
从某种意义上说,超市大大地便利了我们?的生活。你赞成吗?
Supermarkets have greatly facilitated our life some sense. Do you agree with me?
是的。而且多亏有.条形,我们才能方码便地在超市购物。
Yes. And it is thanks to bar code that we can do our shopping conveniently in supermarkets.
条形码?
Bar code?
它是印在消费品包装上的一系列不同宽度的条纹。
Its a series of bars or stripes of varying widths printed on consumer product packages.
Its a pattern of thick and thin bars, or stripes which is printed on consumer product packages.
哦,我知道你在说什么了。
Oh, I know what you arc referring to.
oh, I know what you arc speaking about.
那也叫通用产品码。
It's also called universal product code
没错。条形码也有助于超市控制库存量。当条形码经过付款台处的电子扫描器时,电脑识别出整个形状。它读取条形码,商品价格就会出现在放钱抽屉上的显示屏上。同时一件商品就从总库存中减去了。
Right. It also helps the supermarket to control its inventory. The computer recognizes the whole shape of a bar code when it passes across the electronic scanner at a shop’s checkout counter. It reads the bar code and the price of the product appears on the till display. At the same time one item is deducted from the stock total.
ABC公司。
ABC Company.
需要帮忙吗?
May I help you?
Can I help you?
How may I help you?
What can I do for you?
请帮我接格林先生?
May I talk to Mr. Green?
Please put me through to Mr. Green.
May I speak to Mr. Green?
请您拼出他的名字?
Would you spell the name,
May I have the spelling please?
是G-R-E-E-N
That’s G-R-E-E-N.
您是找国外部的格林先生吗?
You are calling Mr. Green in the Foreign Department
是的。
Yes.
让您久等了。
I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.
Thank you for waiting.
已接通。
He is on the line.
请开始通话。
You are connected now. Go ahead, please.
他正在等您的电话。
He is expecting your call.
他在接另一个电话。如您不介意,请稍候,他马上来接电话。或者请告诉我您的电话,他一挂断电话,马上给您回电。
He is on another phone/ line. If you don’t mind Ill put you on hold and he’11 be with you soon. Or would you please tell me your phone number? I’ 11 have him return your call as soon as he hangs up .
占线。
The line is engaged/busy/ in use.
您好,我是约翰逊。
hello. This is Johnson speaking.
请问您是哪位?
Who’s calling, please?
May I ask who’s calling, please?
您好.
Hello.
我是王伟。
This is Wang Wei speaking.
我是abc公司的王伟。
This is Wang Wei from ABC Corporation.
This is Wang Wei calling from ABC Corporation.
我是王伟,从中国打来电话。
This is Wang Wei calling from China.
我能为您做点什么?
What can I do for you?
我想和格林先生通话。
Could I speak to Mr. Green?
May I speak to Mr. Green?
I’d like to speak to Mr. Green.
I’d like to talk to Mr. Green.
格林先生在吗?
Hello. Is Mr. Green in?
请稍候。
Hold the line.
Hold on a moment, please.
Could you hold the line please?
Just a moment, please?
我看一下他在不在。
Ill see i f he is in.
Ill just find out if he’s in the office.
谢谢。
Thank you.
抱歉,他现在不在。
Sorry, he’s not available right now.
Sorry. but he’s not here at the moment .
我何时能找到他?
What time could I reach him?
他何时能回来?
Do you know when he is in?
When is he expected to be back?
Could you tell me when he will be back?
他今晚在家吗?
Will he be at home this evening?
抱歉,我不知道。
Sorry, I have no idea.
您愿意留个口信吗?
Would you like to leave a message?
Could I take a message for you?
Do you want to leave a message?
您是想呆会儿再打电话来,还是要我告诉他给您回电话呢?
Will you call back later or should I leave a word for him to call you?
请转告他我打过电话。
Tell him that I called.
请转告他我想和他通话。
Please tell him that I want to speak to him.
请转告他回来后给我回电话。
Please tell him to give me a ring when he’s available
请转告他我晚些时候再给他打电话。
Please tell him I‘ll call him later.
ABC公司。需要帮忙吗?
ABC Company. May I help you?
请帮我接格林先生。
Please put me through to Mr. Green.
抱歉,
I’m sorry.
我想你打错了。
I think you’ve got the wrong number.
I’m afraid you’ve dialed the wrong number.
这里没有叫这个名字的人。
There’s no one by that name.
那么,能帮我转到205分机吗?
Then, will you give me extension 205?
Then may I have extension 205?
Please connect me with extension 205?
Could you put me through to extension 205?
请稍候。
Just a minute, please.
Hold on, please.
好的。
OK.
号码已经拨通,请开始。
The number is on the line. Go ahead, please.
电话没有人接。
The number doesn’t answer
There is no reply from that room.
There is no reply on your number.
喂,李先生。何事可以为您效劳?
Hello. Mr. Li. What can I do for you?
我想和您约个时间,讨论一下我们的合同。
I'd like to make an appointment with you to discuss our contract.
I want to make an appointment with you to discuss our contract.
好的。你想今天来吗?
Good. Do you want to come today?
是的,如果可以的话。
Yes, if that’s possible.
我看一下……
Let me see ...
我查一下我的曰程表。
Let me cheek my schedule ...
好,我整个下午都有空。
Yes, I’m free all afternoon.
太好了。我1点钟来行吗?
That sounds good. Shall I come at one?
何不中午来,我们一起吃饭?
Why don’t you come at noon and we’ll have lunch together?
好,那么十二点钟见。
Fine. I'll see you at twelve then.
好的。到时候见。
Good. See you then.
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国际贸易是商品和劳务的国际转移。国际贸易也叫世界贸易。接下来小编为大家整理了国际贸易付款方式。希望对你有帮助哦!
1.back to back L/Creciprocal L/C对背信用证/对开信用证
2.traveller's L/C(or:circular L/C)旅行信用证
3.sight L/C/usance L/C 即期信用证/远期信用证
4.transferable L/C(or)assignable L/C(or)transmissible L/C /untransferable L/C 可转让信用证/不可转让信用证
5.divisible L/C/undivisible L/C 可分割信用证/不可分割信用证
6.revolving L/C 循环信用证
7.L/C with T/T reimbursement clause 带电汇条款信用证
8.without recourse L/C/with recourse L/C 无追索权信用证/有追索权信用证
9.documentary L/C/clean L/C 跟单信用证/光票信用证
10.deferred payment L/C/anticipatory L/C延付信用证/预支信用证
11.revocable L/C/irrevocable L/C可撤销信用证/不可撤销信用证
12.confirmed L/C/unconfirmed L/C 保兑信用证/不保兑信用证
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通过谈判达成的协议通常会以合同的形式加以确认,只有符合法律约定的合同才能受到法律的保护。由于国际商务谈判的合同通常会涉及不同国家的法律问题,因此,谈判者在谈判前必须对与谈判内容有关的本国的、对方国的、国际的各项法律规则进行了解,并就各项法律规则有可能对当次谈判产生的影响进行分析,以保证最终合同中的各项条款可以符合谈判双方国家的法律,避免给合同的履行带来不必要的麻烦。
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集装箱运输(container transport)是以集装箱作为运输单位自动化货物运输的一种现代化的先进的运输方式,它可适用于海洋运输、铁路运输及国际多式联运等。接下来小编为大家整理了国际集装箱运输方式,希望对你有帮助哦!
如上所述,集装箱货运分为整箱和拼箱两种,因此在交接方式上也有所不同,纵观当前国际上的做法,大致有以下四类:
(1)整箱交,整箱接(FCL/FCL)
货主在工厂或仓库把装满货后的整箱交给承运人,收货人在目的地以同样整箱接货,换言之,承运人以整箱为单位负责交接。货物的装箱和拆箱均由货方负责。
(2)拼箱交、拆箱接(LCL/LCL)
货主将不足整箱的小票托运货物在集装箱货运站或内陆转运站交给承运人,由承运人负责拼箱和装箱(Stuffing,Vanning)运到目的地货站或内陆转运站,由承运人负责拆箱(Unstuffing,Devantting),拆箱后,收货人凭单接货。货物的装箱和拆箱均由承运人负责。
(3)整箱交,拆箱接(FCL/LCL)
货主在工厂或仓库把装满货后的整箱交给承运人,在目的地的集装箱货运站或内陆转运站由承运人负责拆箱后,各收货人凭单接货。
(4)拼箱交,整箱接(LCL/FCL)
货主将不足整箱的小票托运货物在集装箱货运站或内陆转运站交给承运人。由承运人分类调整,把同一收货人的货集中拼装成整箱,运到目的地后,承运人以整箱交,收货人以整箱接。
上述各种交接方式中,以整箱交、整箱接效果最好,也最能发挥集装箱的优越性。
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国际是一个非常常见的政治用语。它的直接意思是“国家之间的”。国际这个词是一个在近代产生的比较新的政治名词。那么你知道国际用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。
国际收支 balance of payments ; international balance of payment ;
国际机场 international airport ;
国际象棋 Chess ; chess ;
惠誉国际 Fitch Ratings ; Fitch Group ;
国际扶轮 Rotary International
SIL国际 SIL International ;
国际饭店 Park Hotel ; Beijing International Hotel ; International Hotel
国际学校 international school ; Ealing International College ; Kingston International School
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小编为大家整理出席国际学术会议医用邀请函,希望对你有帮助哦!
March 2, 2015
Dr. Heping Wang
Asthma hosptial heyi of beijing CHINA
NO.11 zhanqian street shahe town changping, Beijing, China
asthma@asthmachina.com
Re. Acceptance Notice for Free Paper Submission (Poster Presentation)
Abstract Title: REPORTS OF 10 CASES ABOUT FEDERAL THERAPY WITH Chuankezhi INJECTION SOLUTION, SERETIDE AND ACTH ON STEROID-RELIED ASTHMA
Dear Dr. Wang,
It is a great pleasure to welcome you to the Asia Pacific Association of Pediatric Allergy, Respiratory & Immunology (APAPARI) - Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease (KAPARD) Joint Congress 2005.
On behalf of the Scientific Committee, I am honored to inform you that your free paper submission referenced above has been accepted for the Seoul congress. See attached Free Paper Session Allocation (Excel file) for details on your presentation date and time. For your information, verbal presentation time is 6 minutes with 2 minutes for discussion. Poster presentations must be posted by 5pm April 7, 2005, and removed from 5 to 7pm April 9, 2005.(Secretariat will not be responsible for the posters after 7pm)
Please confirm that you accept our invitation as soon as possible. If you have not already done so, you must also complete registration for the congress through our homepage or by email. We are excited to have you as part of our scientific program and look forward to working with you closely for the next few months.
Do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions or require assistance at tel. +822-552-0645, fax +822-552-0646 or email at congress2005@apapari.org. Thank you and I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Sincerely yours,
Sang Il Lee, M.D.Joon Sung Lee, M.D.
PresidentCongress President
Asia Pacific Association of Pediatric Allergy, The APAPARI-KAPARD
Respiratory & ImmunologyJoint Congress 2015
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雅思写作的提高不仅需要自己勤加练习,还要多读多看,下面是智课网小编为您整理的雅思大作文范文,仅供参考,希望考生能从中受到启发,提高自己的雅思写作成绩!
It is becoming clear that the growing globalization, and along with it the expandingmultinational companies, is not likely to benefit all the people all the time. In theoryglobalization could be the answer to the world's seemingly intractable economic problems, butin practice it might backfire because its fragility has often been underestimated. While thisgame is now inevitable, some people are wondering if the economy of each country has to bedependent on the economy of all the rest countries in order to make everybody happy.
Multinational companies are big players in the game, reshaping world trade. The internationaleconomy that used to be is giving way to a new multinational economy as these companies playan increasingly decisive role in globalization changes. The dominance of leading corporations ishelping capitals and technologies flow, and goods and services move beyond borders in whatseems like a win-win situation. Free trade does pay off, spurring economic growth, creatingjobs, reducing labor costs, and lowering prices on many products, among other obviousbenefits, even though the practice is not without negative consequences. For example, toomuch outsourcing jobs overseas has been criticized in the United States because it presents anew threat, contributing to work insecurity and economic recession at home. However, insome labor-intensive countries, too much financial reliance on big foreign firms gives rise todoubts if it would not be an allusion to a new form of colonialism in the making.
The effects of globalization are manifold, affecting various aspects of people's lifestyles as wellas world economy, chiefly because of marketing strategies undertaken by different multinationalcompanies. Promotion of liberal trade activities is perhaps the greatest achievement ofglobalization, acting as a boon to world economy in which fruits of success can be shared byas many people as expected. From this viewpoint, globalization is a a positive development.Nevertheless, there are reasons that not everyone really thinks highly of the epidemicglobalization which is changing individuals' lifestyles in a manner too far too fast. In somedeveloping countries, there are worries among people that multinational companies and bigeconomies are controlling the way they live and the way they work. Currently in some developedcountries, due largely to negative effects of globalization there appears no end of bad newsinvariably related to unemployment troubles and financial disasters.
Regardless of its advantages and drawbacks, globalization is a fact of life and is here to stay likethe Internet and other inventions which further push international exchanges. It remains to beseen whether globalization engineered by multinational empires may just turn out to be thebest or the worst phenomenon that can happen to people around the world. While the gameis far from over, one thing is sure: happy or not, there is no turning back.
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