为您找到与商务英语翻译实践操练答案相关的共200个结果:
多做翻译句子练习,能够提高初二英语的学习成绩,下面读文网小编为大家带来初二英语翻译句子练习题及答案,欢迎大家翻译练习。
1. 这个八岁的男孩酷爱弹钢琴,以致于他坚持练琴叁年了。
The eight-year-old girl likes playing the piano ______much ______he has kept ______ for three years.
2. 我母亲经常在星期日打扫卫生,洗衣服。
My mother usually ______ some cleaning and ______ on Sundays.
3. 在今晚的聚会上我们肯定会玩得痛快。
We're ______ to have ______ at the party this evening.
4. 由于天气不好,校运会不得不推迟。
______ ______ the bad weather, the school sports meet had to ______ ______ ______.
5. 保护环境和发展经济同样重要。
Protecting environment is ______ ______ ______ developing economy.
6. 你是怎样与你的邻居相处融洽的?
______ can you get on well ______ your neighbours?
7. 刘老师是位非常亲切的老师,以致于我们把她当做自己的母亲。
Mrs. Liu is ______ ______ kind teacher______ we ______ her ______ our mother.
8. 他问我今天是否有空。
He asks me ______today.
9. 下定决心努力学习吧,你迟早会成功的。
Make______ ______ ______to work hard, ______ you‘ll succeed ______ ______ ______.
10. 李明是个热心肠的人,他经常帮助那些有困难的人。
Li Ming is a warm-hearted man and he often ______ the people in trouble ______.
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商务英语是以适应职场生活的语言要求为目的,内容涉及到商务活动的方方面面。下面读文网小编为大家带来商务英语合同翻译技巧,欢迎大家阅读!
例 1:双方都应遵守/双方的一切活动都应遵守合同规定。
Both parties Shall abide by/All the activities of both parties shall comply with the contractual stipulations.
2.3 change A to B与 change A into B英译“把 A改为 B”用“change A to B”,英译“把 A折合成/兑换成 B”用“change A into B”,两者不可混淆。
例 2:交货期改为 8月并将美元折合成人民币。
Both parties agree that change the time of shipment to August and change US dollar into Renminbi.
2.4 ex与 per源自拉丁语的介词 ex与 per有各自不同的含义。英译由某轮船“运来”的货物时用 ex,由某轮船“运走”的货物用 Per,而由某轮船“承运”用 by。
例 3:由“维多利亚”轮运走/运来/承运的最后一批货将于 10月 1日抵达伦敦。
The last batch per/ex/by S.S. "Victoria" will arrive at London on October (S.S. = Steamship)
2.5 in与 after当英译“多少天之后”的时间时,往往是指“多少天之后”的确切的一天,所以必须用介词 in,而不能用 after,因为介词 after指的是“多少天之后”的不确切的任何一天。
例 4:该货于 11月 10日由“东风”轮运出,41天后抵达鹿特丹港。
The good shall be shipped per M.V. "Dong Feng" on November 10 and are due to arrive at Rottedaml in 140 days. (M.V.= motor vessel)
2.6 on/upon与 after当英译“……到后,就……”时,用介词 on/upon,而不用 after,因为 after表示“之后”的时间不明确。
例 5:发票货值须货到付给。
The invoice value is to be paid on/upon arrival of the goods.
2.7 by与 before当英译终止时间时,比如“在某月某日之前”,如果包括所写日期时,就用介词 by;如果不包括所写日期,即指到所写日期的前一天为止,就要用介词 before。
例 6:卖方须在 6月 15日前将货交给买方。
The vendor shall deliver the goods to the vendee by June 15.(or: before June 16,说明含 6月 15日在内。如果不含 6月 15日,就译为 by June 14或者 before June 15。)
以上就是读文网小编为大家带来的商务英语合同翻译技巧,希望对大家能有所帮助!
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商务英语是以适应职场生活的语言要求为目的,内容涉及到商务活动的方方面面。下面读文网小编为大家带来商务英语写作合同翻译,欢迎大家阅读!
一.hereby
英文释义:by means of , by reason of this
中文译词:特此,因此,兹
用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语;在条款中需要强调时也可用。
语法:一般置于主语后,紧邻主语.
例1:
The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract.
参考译文:
业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。
注释:
(1)hereby: by reason of this 特此
(2)covenant: v. make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约; n. legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同
(3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工
(4)therein: in the Works在本工程中
(5)the Contract Price: 合同总价,指工程的总造价
(6)such...as: 关系代词,相当于that, which
(7)under: in accordance with 根据,按照
(8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同条款
例2:
We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provide documentary proof upon your request.
注释:
(1)hereby:特此
(2)to the best of our knowledge:as far as we know据我们所知
(3)foregoing statement:above-mentioned statement上述声明
(4)herein:in this, in the statement在声明中
(5)documentary proof:证明文件
参考译文:
特此证明,据我们所知,上述声明内容真实,正确无误,并提供了全部现有的资料和数据,我们同意,应贵方要求出具证明文件。
例3:
This Contract is hereby made and concluded by and between Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party A) and Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party B) on (Date), in (Place), China, on the principle of equality and mutual benefit and through amicable consultation.
注释:
(1)hereby:特此
(2)hereinafter referred to as Party A:以下称甲方
(3)on the principle of equality and mutual benefit:在平等互利基础上
(4)through amicable consultation:通过友好协商
参考译文:
本合同双方, 公司(以下称甲方)与 公司(以下称乙方),在平等互利基础上,通过友好协商,于 年 月 日在中国 (地点),特签订本合同。
例4:
This agreement is hereby made and entered into on (Date), by and between Co. China (hereinafter referred to as Party A) and Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party B).
注释:
(1)this agreement is hereby made and entered into:特此订立本协议
在法律文件中表示“订立本协议”可用以下4个动词:sign (make, conclude or enter into) this agreement, 按照同义词连用的写作特点,可用上述4个动词中的两个来表示)。
(2)hereinafter referred to as Party B:以下简称乙方
参考译文:
本协议特由中国 公司(以下简称甲方)与 公司(以下简称乙方)于 年 月 日订立。
以上就是读文网小编为大家带来的商务英语写作合同翻译,希望对大家能有所帮助!
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英译商务合同貌似简单,实则不然。商务合同是一种特殊的应用文体,重在记实,用词行文的一大特点就是准确与严谨。
本文拟运用翻译教学中所积累的英译商务合同的实例,从三个方面论述如何从大处着眼、小处着手、力求准确严谨英译商务合同。
实践证明,英译合同中容易出现差错的地方,一般来说,不是大的陈述性条款。而恰恰是一些关键的细目.比如:金钱、时间、数量等。为了避免出差错,在英译合同时,常常使用一些有限定作用的结构来界定细目所指定的确切范围。
(1)限定责任
众所周知,合同中要明确规定双方的责任。为英译出双方责任的权限与范围,常常使用连词和介词的固定结构。现把最常用的此类结构举例说明如下。
例9: and/or
var script = document.createElement('script'); script.src = 'http://static.pay.baidu.com/resource/baichuan/ns.js'; document.body.appendChild(script);
常用 and/or英译合同中“甲和乙+甲或乙”的内容,这样就可避免漏译其中的一部分。 例 9:如果上述货物对船舶和(或)船上其它货物造成任何损害,托运人应负全责。 The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the ship and/or cargo on buard.3.1.2 by and between常用 by and between强调合同是由“双方”签订的,因此双方必须严格履行合同所赋于的责任。
例 10:买卖双方同意按下述条款购买出售下列商品并签订本合同。
This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the undermentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below.3.2限定时间英译与时间有关的文字,都应非常严格慎重地处理,因为合同对时间的要求是准确无误。所以英译起止时间时,常用以下结构来限定准确的时间。
(2)双介词
用双介词英译含当天日期在内的起止时间。
例 11: 自 9月 2O日起,甲方已无权接受任何定单或收据。
Party Ashall be unauthorized to accept any orders or to collect any account on and after September 20.例 12:我公司的条件是,3个月内,即不得晚于 5月 1日,支付现金。
Our terms are cash within three months, i.e. on or before May 1.3.2.2 not(no)later than用“not (no) later than +日期”英译“不迟于某月某日”。
例 13:本合同签字之日一个月内,即不迟于 12月 15日,你方须将货物装船。 Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract, i.e. not later than December 15.3.2.3 include的相应形式常用 include的相应形式:inclusive、including和 included,来限定含当日在内的时间。
例 14:本证在北京议付,有效期至 1月 1日。
This credit expires till January 1(inclusive) for negotiation in Beijing. (or:This credit expires till and including January 1 for negotiation in Beijing.)如果不包括 1月 1日在内,英译为 till and not including January 1。
(3) 限定金额 为避免金额数量的差漏、伪造或涂改,英译时常用以下措施严格把关。 3.3.1.大写文字重复金额 英译金额须在小写之后,在括号内用大写文字重复该金额,即使原文合同中没有大写,英译时也有必要加上大写。在大写文字前加上“SAY”,意为“大写”;在最后加上“ONLY”.意思为“整”。必须注意:小写与大写的金额数量要一致。 例16:聘方须每月付给受聘方美元500元整。 Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $ 500 (SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY).3.3.2.正确使用货币符号英译金额必须注意区分和正确使用各种不同的货币名称符号。“$”既可代表“美元”,又可代表其他某些地方的货币;而“£”不仅代表“英镑”,又可代表其他某些地方的货币。 必须注意:当金额用数字书写时,金额数字必须紧靠货币符号,例如:Can $891,568,不能写成:Can $ 891,568。另外,翻译的还要特别注意金额中是小数点(.)还是分节号(,),因为这两个符号极易引起笔误,稍有疏忽,其后果是不堪设想的。
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在英语考试的听力中,英语情景对话是必考的一类问题,今天读文网小编在这里为大家分享一些商务英语情景对话:保险,希望对大家有所帮助!
ATake a seat inside and see what you think.So you will take the Porsche then, sir?
坐进去看看感觉如何。那么你要租这辆保时捷啰?
BYes, and I want to buy the insurance too. I think it's necessary.
是的,并且我要买保险,这是需要的。
AYou're smart to buy it. At 45 dollars for three days, it is a good deal.
你很聪明。保三天,四十五元,蛮合理的。
BCan I return the car in San Francisco?
我可以在旧金山还车吗?
ASan Francisco? No, sir.We only have this office here. You will have to return it here.
旧金山?不行。我们只在这里有公司,你必须把车交还到这里。
BReally? I heard in America you can return rental cars in different cities.
这样啊?我听说在美国你可以把车交还到不同的城市。
ANo, sir. That's only with the very big companies.I'm sorry, but this car must be returned to this lot.
只有大公司才可以。我很抱歉,这辆车只能交还到这个车厂。
BWell, I guess I will have to drive back down then. Hmm. I didn't think of that.
那么到时我必须把车开下来,我还没想到这点。
ADo you still want the car, sir?
你还是想租这辆车吗?
BYes. It will be fun. Driving back down the coast. My girlfriend will like it.
是的,沿着海边开下来应该很有意思,我女朋友应该会喜欢的。
AIt's a beautiful drive.
沿途风景很美的。
BWhere are the keys?
那钥匙呢?
AJust a moment, sir. We have to finish filling out the forms.
请稍候,我们必须先填完这些表格。
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奈达的“功能对等”翻译标准强调的是“内容和文体风格上达到最切近的自然对等”,它在合同翻译中有较大的直接指导意义。笔者认为,为达到国际商务英语合同翻译时的功能对等,应坚持以下两个准则。
所谓“规范通顺”,就是把理解了的东西,用规范通顺的、合乎合同语言要求的文字(中文)表达出来。因此,要使合同语言“规范通顺”,译者就要特别注意合同的词语运用规范,符合合同文体中约定俗成的含义。例如,将“documentary bill at sight”译为“即期付有单据的票据”,虽然表达的意思符合原文要求,但概念并不清晰,因为“票据”本身的涵义是广义的,在国际商务合同中的票据主要指汇票,因此,应译为“跟单汇票”。此外,国际商务合同的译文不仅要符合合同语言的要求和规律,还应做到通顺,着重体现在条理清晰上。国际商务合同的条款往往比较繁复,翻译时应首先弄清全文的条例,对各条款间的制约关系和逻辑关系须仔细琢磨,注意译文语言的语句结构,不拘泥于原文的词句结构和句法框框的限制。
国际商务英语合同属于应用翻译,以传递信息为主要目的。因此,根据奈达的功能对等理论,在翻译“信息型文本”的商务英语合同时,应采用的基本技巧是归化,主要表现在功能性归化和行业性归化两个方面。
1.功能性归化
国际商务英语合同自身的文体特征和鲜明的“告知”与“规定”功能,决定了这类文本翻译的特殊要求和目的,即:遣词用字、行文布局必须符合译文的形式和规范,在翻译技巧上毫无例外地一律采用归化的方法。因而,它的翻译不可能也无必要遵循原文的语言形式,原文仅仅提供信息,语言表达必须顺从译文形式,追求的完全是一种原文与译文功能上的对等。以合同翻译的准则为指导,功能性归化在国际商务英语合同中译过程中的运用主要体现在以下点:顺应译文—突出语域特征;严禁精确—避免歧义误解;力求详尽—不厌繁文缛节。
2.行业性归化
行业性归化着重于符合业务规范的翻译对等。也就是说,翻译时应充分注意到合同问题特有的尺牍规约、文本格式以及交际规约。合同问题的正式性(对特有的行业对象所使用的特有体式)、专业性(特定的行业使用场合)以及适合性(适合行业的文本形式和交际方式),决定了合同文本采用书面语形式、结构规范、内容明确(分列条款)、语言规范(使用大量的正式词语、法律词语、专业术语和行话、套语)的鲜明文体特征。因此,只有以合同翻译的准确严谨的准则为前提,结合合同应用所属行业的特征,考虑上述这些方面,才能使合同译文不仅做到与原文信息对等,而且体现出合同问题的权威性和肃正性,做到风格对等,行业对等。例如,对于合同中的“IN WITNESS WHEREBY”这句,译文中也应使用符合合同文体规范的正式用语“立此为证”。
当今,随着经济全球化的不断发展,国际间的交流合作愈加频繁。作为国际商务交流的必要组成部分,国际商务合同作用重大,而如何准确地翻译合同则是成功进行商务合作与谈判的前提。在合同翻译过程中,译者应充分考虑到中英文商务合同文体特征的异同点,遵循相应的翻译准则,运用恰当的翻译技巧,使译文更加准确严谨、规范通顺,并符合合同问题尺牍规约和交际规约。
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商务英语翻译中保证准确性应注意六个方面:时间、责任、金额、公文惯用语、句子歧义结构和词义选择,只有这样才能在日趋频繁的商务活动中立于不败之地.
一、力求严谨,明白无误:
1、The following documents shall be deemed to form and be read and construed as an integral part of this Contract.
下列文件应被认为、读作、解释为本合同的组成部分;
2、This Contract can only be altered, amended or supplemented in accordance with documents signed and sealed by authorized representatives of both parties.
本合同只能按照双方授权代表签名盖章的文件进行修改或增补;
3、All activities of ABC Co. shall be governed by the laws, decrees and pertinent rules and regulations of China.
ABC公司的一切活动必须受中国的法律、法令和有关规章条例的管辖。
二、多用主动语态,少用被动语态:
1、Party B is hereby appointed by Party A as its exclusive sales agent in Singapore. (不宜)
乙方被甲方委托为在新加坡的独家销售代理商;
2、Party A hereby appoints Party B as its exclusive sales agent in Singapore. (适宜)
甲方委托乙方为在新加坡的独家销售代理商;
三、多用现在时,少用将来时,尽管很多条款规定的是合同签订以后的事项:
1、Licensee may terminate this Contract 90 days after a written notice thereof is sent to Licensor upon the happening of one
of the following events:
当有下列事件之一发生,被许可人提前90天向许可人发送书面通知后,可以终止合同:
2、Licensor becomes insolvent or a liquidator of Licensor is appointed;
许可人无力偿付债务或其破产清算人以被指定;
3、The patent described in Article 2 is not issued within 30 days from signing this Contract; and
第二条规定的专利未在签约后30天之内发布;
4、Licensor fails to perform its obligations under this Contract.
许可人未能履行其合同义务。
四、直接表达方式用得多,间接表达方式用的较少:
1、This Article does not apply to bondholders who have not been paid in full. (用得少)
本条款不适用于尚未全部偿付的债券持有者。
2、This Article applies only to bondholders who have been paid in full. (用得多)
本条款只适用于已全部偿付的债券持有者。
五、尽量使用一个动词,避免使用“动词+名词+介词”的同意短语:
1、Party A shall make an appointment of its representative within 30 days after signing the Contract.
甲方应于签约后30天内指派其授权代表。宜用appoint代替 make an appointment of.
2、Party A will give consideration to Party B’s proposal of exclusive agency.
甲方愿意考虑乙方独家代理的建议。宜用consider代替give consideration to.
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在英语考试的听力中,英语情景对话是必考的一类问题,今天读文网小编在这里为大家分享一些商务英语情景对话:支付条款,希望对大家有所帮助!
A: Well, Mr. Brown, we've settled everything in connection with this transaction except the question of payment in yen. Now can you explain to me how to make payment in yen?
B: Many of our business friends in England, France, Switzerland, Italy and Germany are paying for our exports in Japan currency. It is quite easy to do so.
A: I know some of them are doing that. But this is new to me. I've never made payment in yen before. It is convenient to make pay- ment in pound sterling, but I may have some difficulty in making payment in yen.
B: Many banks in Europe now carry accounts in yen. They are in a position to open letters of credit and effect payment in yen. Con- sult your banks and you'll see that they are ready to offer you this service.
A: Do you mean to say that I can open a letter of credit in yen with a bank in London or Bonn?
B: Sure you can. Several of the banks in London, such as the National Westminster Bank and Barclays Bank are in a position to open letters of credit in yen. They'll do so against our sales confirmation or contract.
A: I see.
—— 布朗先生,除了日元付款问题外,我们已经谈妥了有关这笔交易 的所有事项。现在,能不能请你解释一下如何用日元付款?
—— 我们在英国、法国、瑞士、意大利及德国的许多商界朋友都用日元 支付我们的出口货物。这很容易做到。
—— 我知道有些人是这么做。但对我来说,这是新做法。我从来没用过
日元付款。用英镑付款很方便,但用日元付款可能会有些麻烦。
—— 现在欧洲许多银行都可以开立日元账户。他们可以开立信用证并且 用日元支付。你去银行咨询就可知道,他们会替你办理这项业务的。
—— 你是说我可以在伦敦或者波恩的银行开立日元信用证吗?
—— 当然可以。在伦敦有好几家银行,如国家威斯敏斯特银行和巴克 莱银行等都可以凭我们的销售确认书或合同开立日元信用证。
—— 我知道了。
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当前商务英语的翻译在国际贸易中发挥的作用越来越大.商务英语翻译的过程不仅仅是对语言信息的准确传递,更是语言所承载的文化信息的传递,因为词语只有运用在一定的文化中才有含义.所以要求商务英语翻译人员必须了解这种文化差异,并在两种语言文化中找到契合点,做到翻译中的文化信息等值.本文通过阐述商务英语翻译中存在的跨文化性以及这些差异的具体表现,并给出一些化解文化差异的翻译策略,希望商务英语的翻译人员能够得到一些有益的启示.
针对商务英语的特点、商务英语翻译中存在的文化差异及其产生的影响,必须采取有效的对策,保证翻译的准确和信息的有效传达,为商务活动提供良好的交流平台。
第一,要充分掌握不同的文化知识,理解不同的文化背景,培养跨文化翻译的能力。对商务英语翻译中存在文化差异的词语、句法要有深刻的掌握,尤其是存在多种含义的词语和具有特定含义的习语。了解不同的文化背景、习俗和特点,避免翻译过程中的误解,并结合实际情况化解翻译过程中可能存在的文化冲突。训练对文化差异的敏感性,准确辨别商务英语中存在文化差异的地方,提高驾驭跨文化翻译的能力。
第二,灵活运用翻译技巧,展现翻译工作的艺术性。商务英语翻译既要保证翻译时信息的完整传递,还要保证翻译能有效地促进商务活动的顺利开展。因此,在翻译过程中,要灵活运用各种技巧,结合双方的文化特点,发挥出翻译工作的艺术性,为商务活动的顺利进行打下基础。在翻译过程中,要将直译、音译和意译相结合,体现出翻译的艺术性,促进双方的深入合作。例如,将"Goldlion"翻译为“金利来”,既结合了英文名称的意义,又充分考虑到中国人图吉利的文化特点。除此之外,还要注意翻译过程中的抽象引申、文体句式转换和修辞引申等翻译技巧的灵活运用,在充分体现原文语义的同时,提高翻译的艺术性和审美性。
第三,通过规范的用语、句型和格式,再现商务英语翻译的商务特征。商务英语翻译中的套语和固定句式往往运用的比较多,格式多有固定的模式,所以在翻译过程中要尽量运用套语和常见的固定形式,避免文化差异造成的误译,同时还可以再现商务英语正式、准确、规范的特点。
综上所述,商务英语翻译中存在着诸多基于文化的差异,这些差异对我们的商务英语翻译提出了更高的要求。因此,我们必须从文化知识积累和翻译技巧和理论的运用上不断提高,培养跨文化翻译的意识和能力,为商务交流提供精准顺畅的翻译,保证经济活动的顺利发展。
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下面是读文网小编整理的商务英语翻译教程,希望对大家有帮助。
出版社: 河北大学出版社
ISBN:9787810979306
版次:1
商品编码:10809144
包装:平装
外文名称:A Course for Business English Translation
开本:16开
出版时间:2011-06-01
页数:376
正文语种:英文,中文
第一部分 商务笔译
第一章 翻译概述
任务一 翻译的定义及分类
任务二 翻译的标准及过程
任务三 翻译与英汉文化差异
任务四 商务英语翻译的特点
第二章 笔译的基本方法与技巧
任务一 笔译的基本方法
任务二 笔译的常用技巧
任务三 实践操练与能力拓展
第三章 笔译实务
项目一 商务名片
任务一 知识链接
任务二 商务名片的笔译
任务三 实践操练与能力拓展
任务四 词汇拓展
项目二 商标
任务一 知识链接
任务二 商标的笔译
任务三 实践操练与能力拓展
任务四 词汇拓展
项目三 企业简介
任务一 知识链接
任务二 企业简介的笔译
任务三 实践操练与能力拓展
任务四 词汇拓展
项目四 产品说明书
任务一 知识链接
任务二 产品说明书的笔译
任务三 实践操练与能力拓展
任务四 词汇拓展
项目五 商务广告
任务一 知识链接
任务二 商务广告的笔译
任务三 实践操练与能力拓展
任务四 词汇拓展
项目六 商务信函
任务一 知识链接
任务二 商务信函的笔译
任务三 实践操练与能力拓展
任务四 词汇拓展
项目七 商务合同
任务一 知识链接
任务二 商务合同的笔译
任务三 实践操练与能力拓展
任务四 词汇拓展
第二部分 商务口译
附录 全国外语翻译证书考试英语四级考试真题
练习参考答案
参考文献
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下面是读文网小编整理的高级商务英语真题和答案,以供大家学习参考。
When it (0) to selecting candidates through interview, more often than not the decision ismade within the first five minutes of a meeting.??Yet employers like to (21) themselves that theyare being exceptionally thorough in their selection processes. In today’s competitive marketplace, the (22) of staff in many organizations is fundamental to the company’s success and, as aresult , recruiters use all means at their disposal to (23) the best in the field.
One method in particular that has (24) in popularity is testing , either psychometric testing,which attempts to define psychological characteristics , or ability£aptitude testing (25) anorganization with an extra way of establishing a candidate’s suitability for a role. It (26) companiesto add value by identifying key elements of a position and then testing candidates to ascertain theirability against those identified elements.
The employment of psychometric or ability testing as one (27) of the recruitment process mayhave some merit, but in reality there is no real (28), scientific or otherwise, of the potential futureperformance of any individual. The answer to this problem is experience in interview techniquesand strong definition of the elements of each position to be (29) as the whole recruitment processis based on few real certainties, the instinctive decisions that many employers make, based on aCT and the first five minutes of a meeting, are probably no less valid than any other tool employedin the (30) of recruitment.
21.A suggestB convinceC adviseD believe
22.A worthB creditC qualityD distinction
23.A secureB reliesC attainD achieve
24.A liftedB enlargedC expandedD risen
25.A providesB offersC contributesD gives
26.A lets B enablesC agreesD admits
27. A portion B memberC share D component
28. A extentB sizeC amountD measure
29.A occupiedB met C filledD appointed
30 A businessB topicC pointD affair
《The scientific approach to recruitment》,招人的科学方法。这篇完型比较简单。完型填空也有两种题型,两种解题思路。一种是从意思上理解然后做出选择,一种是根据单词的用法。前者比较容易,后者很考验语言功底。
21题,理解上下文的意思。前面说招人时的决定一般是在五分钟以内做出的。但是雇主们试图使自己详细相信他们在挑选过程中是经过了深思熟虑的。Convince oneself,使确信。其他的词没有这个用法。
22题,员工的质量对公司的成功是至关重要的。选quality。
23题,招人者试图利用一切方法来抓住这个领域最好的(人才),secure the best,抓住最好的。realise是实现,attain是获得,后面不能接人,achieve是实现一个目标。
24题,rise in popularity,固定搭配,popularity是知名度的意思,这个词组应该可以翻译成声名鹊起。
25题,provides with,提供。给组织提供另外一种方法。offer的用法是offer sb sth,contribute在这里意思不对。
26题,是公司能够增加价值,enable
27题,这题的意思很明显,测试(testing)作为招聘过程的一个组成部分,要区分选项的几个单词,尤其是portion和component,看英英解释。
Component:one of several parts that together make up a whole machine, system etc
Portion:a part of something larger, especially a part that is different from the other parts
这里强调testing是一个组成部分,没有说明特殊的地方,选component。
28题,对每个人未来的可能表现没有一个真正的衡量。选measure。
29题,fill a position,填补空位,fill在这里的意思是to perform a particular job, activity, or purposein an organization, or to find someone or something to do this。不能选occupy,因为occupy更强调人的一种主动,而这里只是客观说某个需要填补的职位。
30题,in the business of,也是一种固定的说法,在什么的过程中。很多场合都可以使用。可以多看几个例句:
We’re in the business of stimulating the economy(By Obama)#p#副标题#e#
Energetics is a specialist management consultancy in the business of climate change。
There is a commonly held view that the only way to get (0) decent pay increase is to move on: togo out into the job market and find someone (31) is prepared to pay you a figure more in line (32)the talents you can offer. Whilst changing employers from time (33) time is something we probablyall need to do to advance our careers in the directions we want them to take, it is nevertheless anactivity that carries quite definite risks. Irrespective of (34) well we research prospectiveemployers, a new job is still largely a step into the unknown . It may turn (35) to be a good moveor it could prove to be a complete disaster : most of us (36) had experience of both. The pointhere, though, is that changing employers is not something we want to be doing all the time andcertainly not (37) time we feel the urge for better pay . We’d (38) taking more risks than weneeded to just to achieve a pay rise. Getting a pay rise should always be viewed (39) a seriousbusiness. There are no quick fixes or gold methods with “ guaranteed “ results. Quick fixes onlyserve to trivialize the issues and could (40) some circumstances get you into very serous troubleindeed.
答案及解析
关于加薪的文章,教你怎么样实现加薪。这道题目不难,但是抛开题目,单说文章里谈的加薪的方法,各位还是要辩证的看。要想人生第一份工作就找到自己满意的,是挺难,可是以加薪为目的跳槽,也未必是什么明智的好办法。
31题,太明显的定语从句,前面是someone,那么当然填入表示人的关系代词who。
32题,in line with,和什么一致,固定搭配,在中级的选词版完型里常考到这个词组。这句的意思是,找个一个愿意给你提供和你才能更加一致的薪水的人。
33题,from time to time,时不时的。changing employers from time to time,时不时的换老板。
34题,Irrespective of,同regardless of一样,后面接让步状语从句,不管我们对可能的雇主研究的多么好,新的工作都是一个未知数。用how well。
35题,turn out to be,固定用法。
36题,换工作,要么是个好的举措,要么将成为灾难。而我们大多数人这两种经历都有。有这种经历,是过去完成时,用have+done。
37题,理解前后文意思。换老板不是件我们经常愿意做的事情,并且也不是一想要加薪就要换老板。用every time,表示每次要加薪就准备换老板。
38题,这题有点难度,考验人的语法功底。首先这个句子是虚拟语气,We’d是we would的缩写,而不是we had。是表示对将来的假设,我们要承担更多的风险。所以用would be。
39题,比较明显的,view as,将什么视作什么。
40题,和circumstance相关的词组,很容易想到under/on some circumstance,在某种情况下。
1 Genuine feedback would release resources to be used elsewhere.
2 Managers are expected to enable their staff to work effectively.
3 Experts are unlikely to facilitate a move to genuine feedback.
4 There are benefits when methods of evaluating performance have been negotiated.
5 Appraisals tend to focus on the nature of the face-to-face relationship between employeesand their line managers.
6 The idea that employees are responsible for what they do seems reasonable.
7 Despite experts’ assertion, management structures prevent genuine feedback
8 An increasing amount of effort is being dedicated to the appraisal process.
A
Performance appraisal is on the up and up. It used to represent the one time of year whengetting on with the work was put on hold while enormous quantities of management hours werespent in the earnest ritual of rating and ranking performance. Now the practice is even morefrequent. This of course makes it all the more important how appraisal is conducted. Humanresources professionals claim that managers should strive for objectivity and thus for feedbackrather than judgement. But the simple fact of the matter is that the nature of hierarchy distorts theconcept of feedback because performance measure are conceived hierarchically. Unfortunately,all too many workers suffer from the injustices that this generates.
B
The notion behind performance appraisal- that workers should be held accountable for theirperformance-is plausible. However, the evidence suggests that the premise is wrong. Contraryto assumptions appraisal is not an effective means of performance improvement- it isjudgement imposed rather than feedback, a judgement imposed by the hierarchy. Useful feedback, on the other hand, would be information that told both the manager and worker how well thework system functioned, and suggested ways to make it better.
C
Within the production system at the car manufacturer Toyota, there is nothing that isrecognizable as performance appraisal. Every operation in the system has an associatedmeasure. The measure has been worked out between the operators and their manager. In everycase, the measure is related to the purpose of the work. That measure is the basis of feedbackto the manager and worker alike. Toyota’s basic idea is expressed in the axiom “bad news first” .Both managers and workers are psychologically safe in the knowledge that it is the system- notthe worker –that is the primary influence on performance. It is management’s responsibility toensure that the workers operate in a system that facilitates their performance.
D
In many companies , performance appraisal springs from misguided as assumptions. To judgeachievement, managers use date about each worker’s activity, not an evaluation of the processor system’s achievement of purpose. The result is that performance appraisal involvesmanagers’ judgement overruling their staff’s, ignoring the true influences on performance. Thus theappraisal experience becomes a question of pleasing the boss, particularly in meetings, which ispsychologically unsafe and socially driven, determining who is “in” and who is “ out”.
E
When judgement is replaced by feedback in the true sense, organizations will have a lot moretime to devote to their customers and their business. No time will be wasted in appraisal . Thisrequires a fundamental shift in the way we think about the organization of performanceappraisals, which almost certainly will not be forthcoming from the human resources profession.
In the last few years, managers throughout industry have seen more changes than many of themcould have expected to see in their entire working lives having to communicate information whichoften leads to feelings of insecurity has become a key activity. From being regarded as relativelyunimportant in many companies , management employee communication has become a centralcorporate need.
Concordia International provides a good example of a company that has adjusted well to thechanging needs for communication . since 1995 , Concordia has been turned inside-out and upside-down, to ensure that it is a marketing –led, customer-responsive business, one that looksoutwards at customers and competitors, rather than inwards at its own processes and the waythings were done in the past. In the last eight years, Concordia has reduced its workforce by morethan 80.000 people - or 35% -on a voluntary basis, with further downsizing anticipated.
From being an engineering company, Concordia is now remaking itself as a service company.The role of employee communication in such a context is to build people’s self-confidence, topersuade them that, although it is inevitable that the changes will go ahead, they also bring withthem new opportunities for employees. However, this is not an easy task. People tend to beskeptical of these claims and to feel that they are losing touch with the company they have workedfor over many years. This is understandable, since many of the old certainties are being sweptaway , including the core activities of the company they work for. Above all , they have had to faceup to the fact that they no longer have a job for life.
Research indicates that people respond to this predicament in a variety of ways. The bulk ofemployees fall into two main categories in terms of their response to the new situation: on the onehand there are the “ pragmatists” and on the other “ the highly anxious” the former see their job asa means to an end and have a relatively short-term perspective, with strong loyalty to their localterm , rather than the company as a whole . The second category, usually the majority, mayrespond to threatened changes with a feeling of having been let down, and even feel anger at thecompany for what they see as changing the terms of their employment.
` The employee communication process needs to be capable of accurately directing itsmessages at a variety of employee groups and departments within the workforce . this is whymiddle managers and line managers are so key to communication. They are the people who knowabout the full rage of concerns among the workforce. The problem in the past was that this crucialarea was often the responsibility of a separate, relatively isolated unit. Concordia putsresponsibility for communication firmly on line managers. All their research points to the sameconclusion: people prefer to get their information face-to-face from their line managers. That is thekey relationship and where arguments and hearts and minds –are lost.
The general rule in company communication is to tell employees as much as you can as soonas you can. If you can’t provide details, then at least put the news in context and commit yourselfto providing greater detail when it becomes available another rule of company communication isthat there must be a fit between what the company is telling its employees and what it is telling itsshareholders.15 In the last eight years, Concordia has
A made over 80.000 employees reduncdant
B completed a period of downsizing
C reduced its workforce of 80.000 by 35%
D given 35% of departing employees voluntary redundancy
16 From Concordia’s point of view, the role of communication is to
A win employee support before going ahead with the changes
B change the company’s core activities.
C emphasise the positive aspects of the changes
D explain the need for the changes
17 what does research show about most employees’ response to change?
A they expect it to have a bad effect on the company
B they feel completely powerless
C they become less loyal
D they fell they have been treated unfairly
18 Concordia’s communication process mainly relies on
A printed communication
B departmental heads
C personal communication
D a separate, specialized unit
19 According to the writer, what is the guiding principle about giving information within anorganization?
A Never make promises about future developments
B Give people an overall view at the earliest possible stage
C always include plenty of hard information
D Hold back until all the details can be provided
20 which of the following would be the most suitable title for the article?
A employee attitudes to company communication
B making company communication more effective
C Researching company commmucation
D Making employees feel less powerless
文章取材自一本管理手册,说的是一个组织里的有效沟通问题。这套题目有些特别,不像之前的阅读的第三部分,六道题目分别依次对应文章的六个段落,这题的答案稍微分散了些。
15题,答案很明显,但是选项很有迷惑性。答案是第二段的最后一句:In the last eight years, Concordiahas reduced its workforce by more than 80.000 people - or 35% -on a voluntary basis, withfurther downsizing anticipated.减少了80000员工(或者说减少了35%的员工),预期还会减少更多。A选项是对的,made redundant是前面某套题目阅读的第五部分考过的词组;B不对,没有完成(completed),因为预期还会裁减更多(with further downsizing anticipated);C也不对,迷惑性最大,reduced its workforceof 80.000,用了介词of,所以这句的意思是一共就80000员工,而实际情况是减少了80000员工;D不对,35%的员工被裁减,都是在自愿的基础上的,而不是离开的人中有35%是自愿的。
16题,问根据此人的观点,沟通的角色是什么。也就是问沟通的目的或者作用是什么。答案在第三段。沟通是为了帮助人树立自信,说服他们虽然要面临一些变化,但是同样也会拥有一些新的机会。说白了,就是鼓励这些被裁的人。答案选C,强调变化的积极方面。这里的positive aspects是对前面说的bring with them newopportunities的一个概括。(想起了电影《在云端》,up in the air,里面那个老男人的工作就是职业裁员专家,专门对被裁的人说些这样的话。)
17题,问调查显示大多数人对change的反应是什么。这题在答案中也很明显,但是选项很纠结。都有点似是而非。The second category, usually the majority, may respond to threatened changes with afeeling of having been let down.,and even feel anger at the company for what they see as changingthe terms of their employment.大多数员工的反应就是很失望,甚至会很愤怒。个人觉得这题出的不够严谨,没有哪个选项能严格从原文中提炼出来。对比下D要好点,因为对公司失望和愤怒,就是觉得受到了不公正的待遇。此题有待高手补充更完美的理由。
18题,问沟通过程主要依赖于什么。答案是第五段的这句:people prefer to get their information face-to-face from their line managers。喜欢面对面的从直属经理那里获取信息。所以选C,个人的交流。
19题,问组织内部提供信息的指导准则是什么。最后一段的第一句就是:The general rule in companycommunication is to tell employees as much as you can as soon as you can。尽可能的快,尽可能的多。不能提供细节的,至少给个大致的背景消息(put the news in context)。时机成熟了,再告知更多。选B:在可能的最早的阶段让人有个总体的印象。
20题,给文章选标题。这种题在BEC的阅读里还真不多见。选标题,就是要挑选文章的最主要意思,从整体上把握文章的main ideas。这篇文章通篇说的就是communication,前面介绍了沟通的背景:裁员;接着说了员工对裁员的反应;然后最后两段,一段说员工喜欢什么样的沟通方式,一段说沟通的原则是什么。综合起来,就是关于怎样进行有效沟通的问题。选B。A不对,片面了,只是文中某部分的内容,并且这部分内容是为后面做背景介绍,不是主要的;C不对,不是简单的research,research仅仅是介绍状况,文章还有关于实现措施的。#p#副标题#e#
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下面是读文网小编整理的商务英语翻译实训教程,希望对大家有帮助。
《商务英语翻译实训教程》共分五章18课。前两章旨在让学生初步了解翻译的性质、特点和翻译的过程及要求;后三章着重讲翻译方法和技巧。每一课围绕一个专题,由两个部分组成:"实训指导"和"实训练习"。第一部分简明扼要地讲授翻译的基础知识和实用技巧,第二部分在老师指导下以学生为中心进行课堂实训。实训从句子翻译入手,难易相宜。后续的对话、段落及短文作为补充,以丰富和加深实训的内容。实训过程由浅入深,符合职业技术学院学生的实际水平。选材贴近商务现实,具有一定的针对性。编写形式新颖,条理清楚,讲练结合,具有一定的实践性和可操作性。实训内容丰富,主题突出,健康向上,融知识、技能与素质教育为一体。
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参观完工厂,客户决定订购,那么关于包装的问题就是接下来的对话内容了。今天读文网小编为大家带来包装的商务英语情景对话,欢迎大家学习!
1. These goods are very expensive, and easily damaged.
这批货很贵又容易被损坏。
2. Last time you told me that you wanted the most economical packaging.
上次你跟我说要最经济的包装。
3. We always take extra care with every shipment.
每批货我们都会特别小心的。
4. As this article is fragile, please case it into durable packaging.
这种物品易碎,请以耐用包装来装箱。
5. The cost of this article includes packaging.
这种物品的价格已包含了包装费。
6. As a rule, the buyer ought to bear the charges of packaging.
通常,包装费用应由买方负担。
7. The outer packing should be strong enough for transportation.
外包装应坚固,适合于运输。
8. As to the inner packaging, it must be attractive and helpful to the sales.
至于内包装,必须具有吸引力,有利于促销。
9. For dangerous and poisonous cargo, the nature and the gener- ally adopted symbol shall be marked conspicuously on each package.
对于危险品和有毒的货物,在每件包装上应有醒目的标记及性质说 明。
10. We usually pack each piece of men's shirt in a box, half dozen to a box and 10 dozens to a wooden case.
我们通常把每件男衬衣装入一个盒子里,半打装一箱,十打装一个 木箱。
11. Nowadays many kinds of drinks are packed in paper tins.
现今很多饮料使用纸听装。
12. The wooden case should be not only seaworthy but also strong enough to protect the goods from any damage.
木箱不仅要适合于海运,还要十分坚固足以保护货物不受任何损失。
13. Please pack one TV set to a cardboard box, 4 sets to a wooden case suitable for export.
请把每台电视机装一纸板箱,每四台装一适合于出口的木箱。
14. All the cases are strongly packed in compliance with your request.
按你方要求,所有箱子都包装得很牢固。
15. The outer packing in bales or in wooden cases is at buyer's option.
外包装打包还是使用木箱,由买方选择。
16. Please be assured that the packaging is strong enough to withstand rough handling.
请确保此包装牢固,足以承受粗糙地搬运。
17. The goods must be packed in five - ply strong paper bags as stipulated in the contract.
货物应按合同规定用五层厚牢固纸袋包装。
A: Mr. Jones, shall we now discuss the packaging?
B: Very well. You know, we have definite ways of packaging garments. As to blouses, we use a polythene wrapper for each article, all ready for window display.
A: Good. A wrapping that catches the eye will certainly help push the sales. With competition from similar garments producers, the merchandise must not only be good value but also look attractive.
B: Right you are. We'll see to it that the blouses appeal to the eye as well as to the purse.
A: What about the outer packing?
B: We'll pack them 10 dozens to one carton, gross weight around 25 kilos a carton.
A: Cartons?
B: Yes, corrugated cardboard boxes.
A: Could you use wooden cases instead?
B: Why use wooden cases?
—— 琼斯先生,我们来谈谈包装好吗?
—— 好。你知道,我们对服装包装有特定的方式。至于女衫,一件装一 个聚乙烯口袋,可直接放在橱窗里陈列。
—— 好。袋子引人注目肯定有助于推销。商品不仅要货真价实,还要 能吸引人,因为有许多类似的服装与之竞争。
—— 这点你说对了。我们会注意把女衫做得跟手提包一样美观。
—— 外包装是怎么样的?
—— 十打装一纸箱,每箱毛重约25公斤。
—— 纸箱?
—— 是的,瓦楞纸板箱。
—— 你不能用木箱代替吗?
—— 为什么要用木箱呢?
A: I'm afraid the cardboard boxes are not strong enough for such a heavy load.
B: The cartons are comparatively light, and therefore easy to handle. They won't be stowed away with the heavy cargo. The steve- dores will see to that. Besides, we'll reinforce the cartons with straps. Silk blouses are not fragile goods. They can stand a lot of jolting.
A: Maybe you are right, but the goods are to be transhipped at Hamburg or London. If the boxes are moved about on an open wharf, the dampness or rain may get into them. This would make the blouses spotted or ruined.
B: No need to worry about that. The cartons lined with plastic sheets are waterproof, and as the boxes are made of cardboard, they will be handled with care.
A: Well, I don't want to take any chances. Besides, cartons are easy to cut open, and this increases the risk of pilferage.
—— 恐怕纸板箱不够结实,经受不住装这么重的货物。
—— 纸箱比较轻,因而容易搬运。纸箱不会和重物一起堆放,搬运工 人会注意到这一点。此外,我们还用铁皮带加固。丝绸女衫并非 易碎货物,经受得住剧烈地震动。
—— 你也许说得对,但这些货物要在汉堡或伦敦转运。如果纸箱在露 天码头上搬运,潮气和雨水就有可能渗透进去,这就会使女衫弄 得斑斑点点的,或甚至毁掉。
—— 那个没必要担心。纸箱内都衬有塑料布,是防水的,而且由于箱 子是硬纸板的,所以在搬运的时候就会小心处理。
—— 嘿,我可不想去冒险,再说,纸箱容易被割开,这就增加了被偷 盗的风险。
B: Tampering with cartons is easily detected. I should say that this rather discourages pilferage.
A: Maybe so, but I'm afraid that in case of damage or pilferage, the insurance company will refuse compensation on the ground of improper packing, or packing unsuitable for sea voyage.
B: But cartons are quite seaworthy. They are extensively used in our shipments to continental ports. There are never any complaints from our clients, and our insurance company has also approved such packing for W.P.A. and T.P.N.D.
—— 纸箱弄破是容易检查出来的,我说这恰恰可以防止偷盗。
—— 也可能,但在出现损坏或偷盗时,恐怕保险公司会借口包装不当、或 包装不适合于海运为由而拒绝赔偿。
—— 纸箱是很适合海运的。 对于运往(欧洲)大陆港口的货物,我们广 泛采用纸箱,而且从未有客户抱怨过,我们的保险公司承保水渍险 和偷窃及提货不着险时,也同意使用这种包装。
A: If you could guarantee compensation in case the insurance com- pany refuses to honor a claim for faulty packing, we would be quite willing to accept cartons.
B: I'm sorry, but we can't take on any responsibility that is beyond our functions and powers. We'll make sure that the packing is seaworthy, but we can’t commit ourselves to being responsible for every kind of mishap.
A: I can understand your position. Perhaps I'm asking too much.
B: We'll use wooden cases if you insist, but the charge for packing will be considerably higher, and it also slows delivery.
A: Well, I'll call you immediately for instructions on the matter.
B: Please do. I'll be waiting for your reply.
—— 万一保险公司以包装不当为由而拒绝接受索赔时,如果你保证赔偿 的话,我们就乐于接受纸箱。
—— 对不起,我们不能承担任何超出我们职权范围的责任。我们可以保 证包装适合海运,但不能对每一种损失都负责。
—— 我能理解你的立场,也许我要求得太多了。
—— 如果你坚持,我们可以使用木箱,但包装费用就要高得多,而且发 运也要延期。
—— 关于这件事,我会马上打电话给你指示。
—— 好的,我等着你的回答。
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考研即将进入冲刺阶段,考生的时间比较紧迫,所以,有的放矢,最大限度的把握考点,把握命题趋势,是当务之急。其中,考研翻译以其综合性和主观题的特点高居四种题型难度的首位。为了帮助考生攻克这一题型,读文网小编就为考生提供一些有针对性的备考建议,希望对考生有所帮助。
例句:
Heasserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train ofthought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never couldhave succeeded with mathematics. (2008年47题)
这句话很有难度,大家可以先自己动手写一些汉字,看自己会怎么翻译。大家在翻译期间可以感受一下你首先做什么,其次做什么,最后做什么,方法对不对。
拿到一个长难句,首先应该做的是看结构,译主干。拿到句子不要先看单词认不认识,而是先要看连接词,引导词,看句子的大结构。怎么去看呢?
先把主句从句分析出来。英语语法非常严谨,逻辑非常明确。That引导的是一个宾语从句,你可以用红色标注起来,这是一个大结构,后面for which大的定语从句,后面that又是一个宾语从句。就应该这样做,首先看出大主干,好,看完结构了,下一步就是译主干。我们把刚刚看到的主句和从句里面的核心主干找出来,“他也断言”第一个主干出来了,that引导的宾语从句,就是his power,was,limited,我们就可以翻译他的能力是有限的,后面,for which reason因为这个原因,他感觉确信,再看后面的that从句,他从来,决定没有成功过。所以这就是句子的主干。如果你能做到这一步,就说明你理解了这个句子。最艰难的部分,follow这个词的翻译,主干出来了就是加修饰。To follow不定式做定语修饰能力,his powerto follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited。Follow的核心宾语是thought,这样翻译是:他跟随思维的能力非常有限。但是汉语中很少说跟随思维,can you follow me?是你能理解我吗?那么这里follow就是理解的意思,所以翻译成,他理解思维的能力非常有限,然后再加long是修饰思维的,所以我们再加,就是:他理解冗长的思维的能力非常有限。再接着加,就是abstract,他理解冗长而抽象的思维的能力非常有限。而purely 是修饰抽象的,所以就是:他理解冗长而纯粹抽象的思维的能力非常有限。但是我们不说纯粹抽象,说非常,极度抽象。所以改为:他理解冗长而极度抽象的思维的能力非常有限。再看train这个词,火车是一节节,所以我们把它看成是数量关系,一系列的思维,然后翻译为:他理解一系列冗长而极度抽象的思维的能力非常有限。修饰加到这个样子就可以了。
总之,翻译备考过程中,一定要多动手自己翻,翻译的时候,切记先看句子的结构,找到句子主干,然后再处理各从句及其修饰关系,最后添上修饰成分
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与商务函电不同,商务洽谈是面对面的交流,因而显得更直接,语气较函电而言也更随便,不拘泥于形式。但委婉表达法在商务洽谈中的作用也十分广泛。语气弱化法是较常用的一种。在商务洽谈过程中,对对方的观点、要求或建议使用直接的否定有时显得不够礼貌,容易引起对方的不悦甚至反感,影响业务的顺利开展,也有碍与建立互信友好的贸易合作伙伴关系。因此,常用各种方法弱化语气,创造良好的商谈气氛。
商务英语翻译标准其实质上具有一致性,即:信息对等。说到底,不管什么样的翻译标准,都离不开一个“真”字,换言之,译文应该是原文信息的真实反
映。商务英语的涵盖面较广,所以其翻译有特殊性,可以是原文与译文语义信息的对等;原文与译文风格信息的对等;原文与译文文化信息的对等。
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现代商务英语翻译工作在国际贸易活动中起着越来越重要的作用.本文针对商务合同中存在的问题,指出熟习商务英语专业知识,掌握商务英语语言特点,遵循准确严谨、规范统一的翻译原则,研究翻译策略是涉外翻译人员应高度重视的问题.
由于撰写合同时不能遗漏任何可能情况,所以英文商务合同中往往有大量并列成分。这些并列成分包括并列的词、短语以及从句。从语用角度看,并列的平行结构使合同的句式平衡,表意完整。在翻译由两个或两个以上的并列单句构成的复杂长句时可以采用分句译法。并列长句的分句之间的语义关系比较松散,因此翻译时可以断开,分解成单句独立存在。例如:
The Buyer shall have the right to claim against the Seller for compensation of losses within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination,should the quality of the goods be found not in conformity with the specifications stipulated in the Contract after re-inspection by the China Commodity Inspection Bureau and the Buyer shall have the right to claim against the Sellers for compensation of short-weight within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination,should the weight be found not in conformity with that stipulated in the Bill of Lading after re-inspection by the CCIB.
此句由两个结构相同的并列分句组成,均为主句在前,条件状语在后,在两个条件状语中均含有时间状语,此外,两个并列分句中也都含有时间状语,均为within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination,译成中文时,条件状语应分别置于主句之前,而所有的时间状语均放在各自修饰的动词的前面。同时,为了符合汉语句式较短的特点,可以将两个并列分句断开,分解成两个单句,即译成:
若货物经中国商品检验局复检后发现质量与本合同之规定不符,买方有权于货物抵达目的港后的60天内向卖方提出索赔。若经中国商品检验局复检发现货物质量与提单所示重量不符,买方有权于货物抵达目的港后的60天内向卖方提出短重索赔。
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