为您找到与医药的英语翻译相关的共116个结果:
购物是一件很开心的事情,购物[Shopping]意指:购买物品。简单来说就是人们购买各种各样物品的行为或方式,物品包括实物和虚拟物品。对很多人来说,购物是一种休闲活动,可以逛不同的商店选购产品。下面读文网小编为大家带来中国特色食物英语翻译,欢迎大家学习!
砂锅海带炖排骨:StewedSpareRibswithKelpenCasserole
砂锅排骨土豆:StewedSpareRibswithPotatoesenCasserole
什菌炒红烧肉:SautéedDicedPorkwithAssortedMushrooms
什菌炒双脆:SautéedChickenGizzardandTripewithAssortedMushrooms
手抓琵琶骨:BraisedSpareRibs
蒜香椒盐肉排:Deep-FriedSpareRibswithMincedGarlicandSpicySalt
笋干焖腩肉:BraisedTenderloin(Pork)withDriedBambooShoots
台式蛋黄肉:SteamedPorkwithSaltedEggYolk,TaiwanStyle
碳烧菠萝骨:BBQSpareRibswithPineapple
碳烧排骨:BBQSpareRibs
白菜豆腐焖酥肉:BraisedPorkCubeswithTofuandChineseCabbage
鲍鱼红烧肉:BraisedPorkwithAbalone
鲍汁扣东坡肉:BraisedDongpoPorkwithAbaloneSauce
百叶结烧肉:StewedPorkCubesandTofuSkininBrownSauce
碧绿叉烧肥肠:SteamedRiceRollswithBBQPorkIntestinesandVegetables
潮式椒酱肉:FriedPorkwithChiliSoySauce,ChaozhouStyle
潮式凉瓜排骨:SpareRibswithBitterMelon,ChaozhouStyle
中国特色食物英语相关
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医学英语是与大学英语相延续的专业英语的学习内容。下面小编为大家分享基础医学英语翻译,希望对大家有用。
electronic scanner 电子扫描仪
electronic screen 电子显示荧光屏
electronic sector ultrasonic cardiotomograph 扇型扫描式超声心动断层检查仪
electronic sensor 电子传感器
electronic shutter 电动快门
electronic simulation 电子模拟
electronic simulator 电子模拟器
electronic skin tester 电子皮试仪
electronic sphygmomanometer 电子血压计
electronic spiro-analyzer 呼吸功能自动分析仪,电子肺量分析仪
electronic sterilization 电子灭菌法
electronic stethoscope 电子听诊器
electronic stimulator 电刺激器
electronic test instrument 电子测试仪器
electronic thermometer 电子测温计
electronic thermostat 电子恒温器
electronic timer 电子定时器
electronic tracer 电子描绘器
electronic universal dilatometer 电子通用膨胀计
electron interferometer 电子干扰仪
electron micrograph 电子显微镜检查,电子显微照片
electron microscope 电子显微镜,电镜
electron microscope with a magnification of , times 八十万倍电子显微镜
electron microscopic autoradiography 电镜自动射线照像术
electron multiplier 电子倍增器
electronogram 电子衍射图
electronograph 电子显微照片
electron pair 电子对,电子偶
electron paramagnetic resonance (abbr. EPR) 电子顺磁共振
electron radiography 电子放射照像术
electron scanning micrograph 电子扫描显微照片
electron tube 电子管
electronystagmogram (abgr. ENG) 眼震电流描记图
electronystagmograph 眼震电流描记器
electronystagmogroaphy 眼震图描记术
electro-oculogram(abgr. EOG) 眼电(流)图
electro-oculography 眼电(流)描记法
electro-osmosis 电渗
electro-osmotic 电渗的
electropathy 电疗法,电疗学
electrophone 电助听器
electrophonocardiograph 电心音描记器
electrophonoide 电助听器训练器(治慢性耳聋)
electrophore ①电泳 ②电离子透入法
electrophoregram 电泳图
electrophoresis ①电泳 ②电离子透入法
electrophresis apparatus 电泳仪
electrophoresis chamber 电泳槽
electrophoresis gel 电泳凝胶
electrophoresis method 电泳法
electrophoresis scanner 电泳扫描仪
electrophoretic display 电泳显示器
electrophoretic pattern 电泳图型
electrophoretogram 电泳图
electrophorogram 电泳图
eoectrophorus 起电盘
electrophotography 电照像术
electrophotometer 光电比色计
electrophysiological amplifier 电生理放大器
electrophysiology 电生理学
electroplexy 电休克
electropneumograph 电呼吸描记器
electropositive 阳电性的,正电性的
electropsychrometer 电测湿度计
electropuncture 电针术
electropradiology 电放射学
electroradiometer 电放射性测量仪
electroreceptor 电感受器
electroresction 电切除术
electro-respirator 电动呼吸机
electroretinogram(abbr. ERG) 视网膜电(流)图
electroretinograph 视网膜电(流)描记器,视网膜电图仪
electroretinography 视网膜电圈学
electrosalivogram 涎腺电(流)图
electroscope 验电器,静电测量器
electrosection 电切除术
electroshock 电休克
electrosinogram 心窦电(流)图
electroskiagraphy X 射线照像术
electro-sleep appatatus 电睡眠机
electrosol 金属电胶液
electrospectrogram 电光谱图
electrospectrography 电光谱描记术
electrosphygmobarometer 电子眼底血压计
electro-sphygmomanometer 电子血压计
electro-spinal stimulation instrument 脊骨也刺激仪
electrospinogram 脊髓电(流)图
electrostatic accelerator 静电加速器
electrostatic attraction 静电吸引
electrostatic diathermy unit 静电电疗机
electrostatic equipment 静电装置
electrostatic generator 静电发电机
electrostatic precipitator 静电除尘器
electrostatics 静电学
electrostatic voltmeter 静电伏特计
electro-sternum saw 电动胸骨锯
electrostethograph 电心音描记器
electrostethophone 电扩音听诊器
electro-stimulation analyzer 电刺激分析仪
electro-stimulation therapy unit 电兴奋治疗机
electro-stimulator 电刺激器
electro-stomach irrigator 电动洗胃机
electro-striatogram 纹状体电(流)图
electrosurgery 电外科
electrosurgical knife 手术用电刀
electrosurgical unit 电灼器,电手术器械
electro-thalamogram 丘脑电(流)图
electro-therapeutic apparatus 电疗仪
electrotherapy 电疗法
electrotherapy apparatus 电疗设备
electrotherapy room 电疗室
electrotherm 电热器
electrothermic laryngoscope 电热喉镜
electothermometer 电子体温计
electrotome 电刀
electrotomy 电切除术
electro-tonometer 电眼压计
electrotonus 电紧张
electro-traction massage bed 电动牵引按摩床
electrotrephine 电圆锯,脑用电动圆锯
electroureterogram 输尿管电(流)图
electrovacuum extractor 电动真空吸引器
electrovagogram 迷走神经电(流)图
electrovection 电导入法
electrovectrocardioscope 心电向量检查仪
electroventriculogram 心室电(流)图
electro-vibrator ①电按摩器 ②电振动器
element (化学)元素,单元,成分
elemental analyser 元素分析仪
elementary 元素的,基础的,初级的
eleometer 油度计,油比重计
elevation 上升,隆凸,挺起
elevator ①骨撬,牙挺,起子 ②升降机
eliminator 消除器,抑制器
ellipse 椭圆形
ellipsometer 椭圆率计
eluant 洗提液,洗脱剂
elutriating apparatus 淘析器,洗提器
elutriator 淘析器,洗提器
eluxation 脱位
elytreurynter 阴道扩张袋
elytro- 阴道
elytrorrhaphy 阴道缝术
EM (electron microscope) 电子显微镜
emanation 射气,放出物
emanator 射气投置
emanometer 氡射线计,射气计
emanotherapy 射气疗法
emasculator 去睾器
embed 包埋,植入
embedded electrode 埋入电极
embedded type 埋入式
embedding 包埋,埋植
emboli 栓子
emboliform 楔形的,栓子状的
embolism 栓塞
embrasure hook 楔形隙钩
embryo 胚,胚胎
embryoctony 碎胎术
embryograph 胚胎描记器
embryography 胚胎描记法
embryoscope 胚胎发育观察器
embryotome 碎胎刀
embryotomy 碎胎术
embryotomy forceps 碎胎钳
embryotomy knife 碎胎刀
embryotomy scissors 碎胎剪
embryulcus 牵胎钩,牵胎术用钳子
emergency ①急症 ②意外,紧急
emergency alarm bell 报警铃
emergency cart 急诊用推车
emergency case 急救盒,急救箱
emergency light 故障信号灯
emergency resuscitator 急救用复苏器
emergency room 争诊室
emergent light 出射光
emery paper 砂纸
emery wheel 砂轮
EMF; e. m. f.(electromotive force) 电动势
EMG (①electromyogram ②electromyograph) 肌(动)电(流)图,肌电图机
EMG electronic stimulator 肌电图电子刺激器
emission 放射,发射,传播
emission electron 发射电子
emission spectrum 发射光谱
emissivity 发射率
emitron 光电摄象管
emitter 发射器,放射体
Emmet's needle 埃梅特氏(弯)针,有柄粗弯针
Emmet's retractor 埃梅特氏牵开器,自留阴道牵开器
emphraxis 闭塞,阻塞
emplastic bougie 铸型探条
empyema 脓胸,积脓
empyema apparatus 抽脓器
empyema trocar 脓胸套针
empyema tube 脓胸引流管
EMS (electron microscope) 电子显微镜
emulgator 乳化器,乳化剂
emulsification 乳化(作用)
emulsifier 乳化器,乳化剂
emulsifying agent 乳化剂
emulsion 乳胶,感光乳剂
emgloves 乳胶手套
emulsor 乳化器,乳化剂
EMXA (electron microprobe X-ray analyzer) 电子微探针X 射线分析仪
enamel bur 牙釉质钻
enamel chisel 牙釉质凿
enamel cleaver 牙釉质凿刀
enamel cutter 牙釉凿羡刀
enamel needle 釉质电烙针
enamel square tray 搪瓷方盘
enantiomorph 镜像体,对映体
encephalion 小脑
encephalo- 脑
encephalo-arteriography 脑动脉造影术
encephalogram 脑造影片,脑X 射线照片
encephalograph 脑造影片
encephalography 脑造影术
encephalometer 脑搏动计,脑域测定器
encephalon 脑
encephaloscope 脑镜,窥脑器
encephaloscopy 脑镜检查法
encephalotome 脑刀
encephalotomy 脑切开术
enclose 包装,密封,附入
enclosure ①附件 ②外壳,套
encoder 编码器
end-; endo- 内腔,内部
endarterectomy 动脉内膜切除术
endarterectomy instument 动脉内膜切除器械
endarterectomy scissors 动脉内膜切除剪
endarterectomy set 动脉内膜切除器
endaural retractor 耳内牵开器
enb cut dur 端切钻
endo- 内腔,内部
endobronchial airway 支气管内导气管
endorbonchial suction catheter 支气管内吸引导管
endo-camera 内窥镜照像机
endocardiac mapping 心内膜电位图
endocardial 心内膜的,心内的
endocardiography 心内心(动)电(流)描记法
endocardium 心内膜
endocurlar probe 眼内探头(激光仪用)
endodiascope 体腔X 线管
endodiascopy 体腔X 线检查
endogenous 内生的,内源的
endometrial biopsy curette 子宫内膜活检刮匙
endometrial curette 子宫内膜刮匙
endometrial implants 子宫内膜植入片
endometry 内腔容积测定法
endomyocardiol bioptome 心肌活检钳
endoradiography 体腔X 射线照像术,体腔造影术
endoradiosonde 体腔无线电测压器(如测肠腔内压)
endoscope 内窥镜,内腔镜
endoscope adapter 内窥镜摄像接头
endoscope cabinet 内窥镜柜
endoscope for anaethesia 麻醉用窥镜
endoscope washer 内窥镜自动洗净器
endoscopic examining chair 内窥镜检查椅
endoscopic film projector 内窥镜照片投影仪
endoscopic injector 内窥镜注射器
endoscopic screen viewer 内窥镜屏幕观察器
endoscopic suction pump 内窥镜吸引泵
endoscopy 内窥镜检查
endosmometer 内渗压测定器
endostethoscope 食管内听心器
endo-stroboscope 喉动态镜
endothelium 内皮
endothermal 吸热的,收热的
endotherm knife 电热刀
endothermy 透热法,高频电透热法
endotome 胎儿断头剪
endotoscope 耳(内)镜
endotracheal airway 气管内导气管
endotracheal connector 气管内接管
endotracheal intubator 气管内插管器
endotracheal tube 气管内导管
end-point titrator 终点滴定器
enduser 用户
end-window counter 钟罩型计数器
enema 灌肠法,灌肠剂
enema bag 灌肠袋
enema can 灌肠罐
enemal ware 搪瓷器皿
enema syringe 灌肠注射器
enemator 灌肠器
energetics 能量学
energometer 脉能测量器,脉能计
energometry 能量测定法
energy 能(量)
energy meter 能量计,功率计
energy regulator 能量调整器
energy scale 能量标准
energy source 能源
energy spectrum 能谱
energy transducer 换能器
ENG (electronystagmogram) 眼震颤电(流描记)图
engagement ①衔接 ②约定,契约
engine (牙)钻机,发动机
engine arm 牙机臂
engine bit 牙钻
engineer ①工程师,技师 ②设计,计划
engineering 工程学,工程(技术)
engine mallet 牙机锤
engine speed indicator 转速指示器
enlarge forceps 扩大钳
enlargement 扩大,放大
enlarge needle 扩大针
enlarger 放大机,放像机
enlarging bur 扩大钻
enquiry 询价,查询
E. N. T.(ear, nose, throat) 耳鼻喉
E. N. T. drill 耳鼻喉科用钻
enteral 肠的,肠内的
entero- 肠
enterocleaner 肠冲洗器
enterocoelia 腹腔
enterogram 肠动描记图
enterograph 肠动描记器
enterography 肠动描记法
enterometer 小肠腔测量器
enteron 肠
enteroscope 肠(窥)镜,肠内视镜
enteroscopy 肠镜检查
enterotome 肠刀
enterotomy scissors 肠切开剪
enterotribe 夹肠器
enterotriptor 夹肠器
enterprise 事业(单位),企业(单位)
entity 实在,本质,实体
entogenous 内生的,内源的
entome 尿道刀
entopic 正常位置的,正位的
entoptoscope 眼内媒质镜,眼内视镜
entoptoscopy 眼内镜检查
entrainment 输送,传输,引开
entrance ①入口,进入 ②引入线
entropion 睑内翻
entropion knife 睑内翻刀
entropium forceps 睑内翻镊,翻眼镊
entropy ①熵 ②平均信息量
entrust 委托,信任
entry ①项目,条款 ②输入,入口
E. N. T. treatment chair 耳鼻喉科治疗椅
E. N. T. treatment unit 耳鼻喉科综合治疗台
enucleate 剜出,摘除
enucleation hook 剜出钩(眼)
enucleation knife 剜出刀
enucleation snare 眼球摘除圈套器
enucleator 剜出器,摘除器
enumerable 可数的
enumerator 计数器
envelope 封皮,外壳,套
envelope for dental X-ray film 牙科X 射线胶片套
environment ①环境,外界 ②包围,围绕
environmental hygiene 环境卫生
enzyme 酶
enzyme analyser 酶分析仪
enzyme electrode 酶电极
enzyme reaction velocity measuring device 酶反应速度测定器
EOG (electro-oculogram) 眼电(流)图
eolipyle 烧灼酒精灯
eosin 伊红,曙红
EP (electrophoresis) 电泳
EPC (echophonocardiograph) 心音回声描记器
epicardial mapping 心表面电位图
epicardium 心外膜
epidemic prerention vehicle 防疫车
epiderm 表皮
epidiascope 反射幻灯机
epidural canula 硬膜外套管
epidural needle 硬膜外针
epidurography 硬膜外腔造影术
epiglottis retractor 会厌牵开器
epilating forceps 拔毛钳
epilation 拔毛,除毛法
epiphysiometer (骨)骺测量器
episcope ①反射投影灯 ②物面检查器
episiotomy 外阴切开术
episiotomy scissors 会阴剪,外阴切开剪
epistaxis canula 鼻衄套管
epithelia 上皮
epithelial peg 上皮钉
epithesis ①矫正术 ②夹板
epoxide 环氧化物
epoxy resin 环氧树脂
EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) 电子顺磁共振
EPSP (excitatory post-synaptic potential) 兴奋性突触后电位
equalizer 均值器,均衡器,补偿器
equation 方程,等式
equator 赤道,中纬线
equatorial 赤道仪
equatoriat plane 赤道面
equi- 相等
equilibration 平衡,均势
equilibrator 平衡器
equilibrium 平衡
equilibrium constant 平衡常数
equipment (abbr. Eq.; equip.) 设备,装置,仪器
equipotentiality 等位性,等势性
equivalence 等值,等量
equivalent ①等效,等值(的) ②当量
equivocal 两可的,双关的
Er(erbium) 铒
eraser 抹音器,消磁器
erasion ①刮术 ②抹掉
erbium (abbr. Er) 铒
erbium laser 铒激光器
ERD(evoked response detector) 诱发应测定器
erect image 正像
ERG(electroretinogram) 视网膜电流图
ergo- 工作,力,动力
ergocardiogram 心电动力图
ergocardiography 心电动力描记术
ergodynamograph 肌动力描记器
ergoesthesiograph 肌动感觉描记器
ergogram 肌力描记波,测力图
ergograph 肌动力描记器,测力器
ergography 测力法,肌力描记法
ergometer 测力计,肌力计
ergostat 练肌器
eriometer 微粒直径测量器(检红细胞直径)
erisiphake 晶状体吸盘
erisophake 晶状体吸盘
ERPF (effective renal plasma flow) 有效肾血浆流量
erratic 游走的,移动的
error 误差,错误
error counter 误差计数器
error detector 误差检测器
ERT(electrical resistance thermometer) 电阻体温计
ERV (expiratory reserve volume) 呼气储气量
erysiphake 晶状体吸盘
erythro- 红
erythrocyte 红细胞,红血球
erythrocyte sedimentation 红细胞沉降,血沉
erythrocytometer 红细胞计数器
erythrogram 红细胞图像
erythrometer 红细胞计数器
erythrometry 红细胞计数法
Es(einsteinium) 锿
Es(①electric stimulation ②electron spectrometer) ①电刺激 ②电子分光计
ESO(esophagoscopy) 食管内窥镜检查
eso- 在内,向内
esophageal 食管的
esophageal bougie 食管探条
esophageal cardiogram 食管心动图
esophageal dilator 食道扩张器
esophageal forceps 食管钳
esophageal foreign body forceps 食物异物镊
esophageal nasogastric tube 食道鼻胃管
esophageal probe 食管探子
esophageal retractor 食管牵开器
esophageal scissors 食管剪
esophageal sound 食管探子
esophageal stethoscope 食管听诊器
esophageal tube 食道导管
esophago- 食道,食管
esophagofiberscope 食管纤维内窥镜
esophagogastroscopy 食客胃镜检查
esophagogram 食管X 射线(照)片
esophagography 食管X 射线照像术
esophagometer 食管长度计
esophagoscope 食管镜,食道镜
esophagoscopy 食管镜检查
esophagotome 食管刀
esophagram 食管X 射线照片
esophagus biopsy forceps 食管活体取样钳
esophagus cell adopter 食道细胞寻取器
esophagus foreign forceps 食道异物钳
ESR (①erythrocyte sedimentation rate ②electron spin resonance) ①红细胞沉降率(血沉) ②
电子自旋共振
essential 必需的,特有的,基本的
essential accessory 必需附件
ester 酯
esthesia 感觉
esthesio- 感觉
esthesiography 感觉描记法
esthesiometer 触觉测量器,触觉计
esthesiometry 触觉测量法
estimate ①估价单 ②估算
estimated time of arrival (abbr. ETA) 预计抵达日期
estimate sheet 估价单
esu.(electrostatic unit) 静电单位
ETA (electrothermal analyzer) 电热分析器
ethanol 乙醇,醇,酒精
ether 醚,乙醚
ether air anesthesia unit 空气麻醉机
ether anesthetic mouth gag 全麻开口器
ether bag 乙醚袋
ether bed 乙醚苏醒床
ether bubbler 乙醚扩散器
ether cone 乙醚罩
ether drop bottle 乙醚滴瓶
ether inhaler 乙醚吸入面罩
etherioscope 测醚镜
ether mask 乙醚面罩
etherometer 乙醚滴定器
ether spray 乙醚喷雾
ethmoid 筛骨
ethmoid curette 筛骨刮匙
ethmoid forceps 筛窦钳
ethylene 乙烯
ethylene oxide sterilizer 环氧乙烷消毒器
Eu (europium) 铕
eudiometer ①空气纯度测定仪 ②量气管
eugenics 优生学
eugenol cement 丁香油粘固粉
eupatheoscope 空气温度测量仪(测综合气象因素)
eupathescope 空气温度测量仪(测综合气象因素)
europium(abbr. Eu) 铕
eurynter 扩张器
euscope 映像显微镜,显微映像器
Eustachian catheter 欧氏管导管(咽鼓管导管)
Eustachian catheter nozzle 咽鼓管导管嘴
eutectic ice 共融泳,盐泳
euthyscope 直视镜
EV (evoked response) 诱发反应
eV (electron volt) 电子伏特
evacuate 排除,排空,排泄
evacuating catheter 排尿管
evacuator 排泄器,排出器
evaluation 评价,估价,鉴定
evaluator 鉴定机,识别器
evaporate 蒸发
evaporating basin 干燥盆,蒸发盆
evaporating dish 蒸发皿
evaporator 蒸发器
evaporometer 蒸发计
evaporoscope 蒸发镜
eventration treatment 露脏X 射线治疗
EVG (electrovaginogram) 阴道电(流)图
evil (疾)病
E-viton 紫外线单位(紫外线照射有效生物剂量)
evoke 诱发,唤起
evoked potential measuring system 脑干电位测量系统
evoked potential system 激发电位系统
evoked response recorder 诱发反应记录仪
evolution 进化,演化
evolutionism 进化论
ex- 出,离,除,从
ex (free out of) 交货(船边,码头),无(线利)
exact dentimeter 精确牙测量器
exactolfactometer 精密嗅觉计
examinating couch 检查床
examinating light 检查灯
examination 检查,诊察
examination gloves 检查用手套
examination lamp 检眼灯
examiner 检查者
examining chair 诊查椅
examining table 检查台
examining telescope 检查窥镜
excavating bur 牙挖钻
excavation ①陷凹 ②挖除
excavator 挖匙,剜器
excerpt 摘录,选择
exchange key 交换键
exchanger ①交换器 ②交换剂
exchange syringe 互换注射器
exchange transfusion tray 输血盘
excipient 赋形剂
excising forceps 切断钳
excision 切除术
exciftability 应激性,兴奋性
excitation 刺激,兴奋
excitation filter 感光滤光片
exciting electrode 刺激电极
excochleation 刮除术
excrement 粪便
excrement collector 粪便收集器
excretion 排泄,分泌
excretion urography 排泄性尿路造影术
exercise 练习,操练,运动
Ex dock 码头交货价
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医学英语有其明显的特点,词汇和句型都较为复杂,现行的教学模式主要是教师依据纸质教材指导学生学习。结合医学英语的特点,可以建立起行之有效的语料库,能够使医学英语的学习达到事半功倍的效果。下面小编为大家分享医学专业英语翻译,希望对大家有用。
portable electric dental engine 轻便电动钻牙机,轻便牙钻
portable hearing aid 袖珍助听器
portable microtome 手提式切片机
portable monitor 手提式监护仪
portable obstetric table 轻便产床
portable operating table 轻便手术台
portable photoelectric colorimeter 便携式光电比色计
portable suction unit 便携式吸引器
portable testing set 便携式测试仪器
portable typewriter 手提式打字机
portable X-ray machine 手提式X 光机
portacid 移酸滴管,滴酸器
portal 门,入门
portal venography 门静脉造影术
port B/L 港口提单
portcaustic 腐蚀药把持器
porte 柄
porte-acid 移酸滴管,滴酸器
porte-aiguille 持针器
porte-caustique 腐蚀药把持器
porte-ligature 深部结扎器,缚线把持器
porte-meche 填塞条器
porte-noeud 瘤蒂结扎器
porte-polisher 握柄磨光器
porterage 搬运费
portial impression trays 局部牙托
portion 部分,段,份
portligature 深部结扎器,缚线把线器
port of arrival 到达港
port of delivery 交货港
port of departure 出发港
port of destination 到达港目的港
port of discharge 卸货港
portogram 门静脉造影片
portoraphy 门静脉造影术
portovenogram 门静脉造影片
posion 阴离子,阳向离子
position 位置,状态
positioner 定位器(牙),位置控制器
position finder 定向仪,定位仪
position indicator 位置指示器
position-sensor 位置传感器
positive ①正片 ②阳性的,正的
positive charge 阳电荷,正电荷
positive electricity 阳电,正电
positive electrode 阳电极,正极
positive potential 正电位
positive pressure 正压
positive rays 阳极射线
kpositive valence 正价
positor 复位器
positrocephalogram 阳电子脑瘤定位(描记)图
positron 正电子,阳电子
positron decay 正电子衰变
possess 占有,具有
post ①柱,杆,接线柱 ②邮寄,邮件
post- 后,在后,次
postage 邮费,邮资
postage free 免付邮资,邮费付讫
postage paid 邮费已付,邮资付讫
postage stamp 邮票
postal parcel 邮政包裹
post box 信箱
postcode 邮政编码
postdelivery room 产后室
posterior 后面的,其次的,以后的
posterior bite guide 后咬导,后咬合标
posterior forceps 后钳,大钳
posterior rhinoscope 后鼻镜
posterior urethral sound 后尿道探子
post-extractor 拔柱器
postmortem knife 尸体解剖刀
postnasal scissors 后鼻剪
postoperative 手术后的
postoperative bronchioscopic aspiration 术后支气管镜吸引术
post partum 产后
postpone 推迟,延期,搁置
posture 姿势,体位
posturography 姿势描记术
pot ①罐,缸,坩埚 ②盘,箱
potassium 钾
potency 能力,效力,效能
potential 电位,电势,位能
potential difference 电位差,电势差
potential energy 位能,势能
potentiation 增强作用
potentiometer ①电位器,电势计 ②分压器
potentiometr titration 电位滴定法
pot mill 罐式球磨机
pouch 盒,袋
pound ①磅(合.6 克) ②镑(等于 便上,略作£或L)
pour 灌注,流出,倒
powder 粉,粉剂
powder-blower 吹粉器
powder camera 粉末照像机
powder catcher 粉末收集器(牙科)
powder dredger 撒粉器
powder duster 撒粉器
powder funnel 药粉漏斗
powder measure 量药粉器
power ①电源,功率 ②(显微镜放大)倍数
power amplifier 功率放大器
power consumption 耗电功率,功耗
power cord 电源线
power lead 电源线
power pack 电源部分,供电部分,电源组
power reguirements 供电要求
power saver 省电器
power source 电源
power sprayer 电动喷雾器
power supply(abbr.P.S.) 电源供应,供电
power supply complete module 电源接通组件
power switch 电源开关
power transformer 电源变压器
ppm (parts per million) 兆北率(百万分之几)
P.Q. (permeability quotient) 渗透商
Pr (1.praseodymium 2.prism) ①镨 ②棱镜
practical 实际的,实用的
practical analytical balance 实用分析天平
practice 实际,实行,实践
praseodymium (abbr.Pr) 镨
pratique (海港)检疫证书
praxinoscope 教学用喉动态镜
praxis 行为
pre- 在前,先,预先
preamble 导言,序言
preamplification 前置放大
preamplifier 前置放大器
precaution 小心,谨慎,预防措施
precede 领先,优先,先于
precedence 优先
precedent 先例,前例
preceding 先前的,上述的
precious ①贵重的,珍贵的 ②完全的
precipitating bottle 沉淀瓶
precipitating jar 沉淀缸
precipitation 沉淀,析出
precipitation tube 沉淀管
precipitator 沉淀器
precipitometer 沉淀计
precise 精密的,精确的
precision ①精密度 ②精密,正确
precision balance 精密天平
precision manometer 精密测压计
precision single-apn balance 精密单盘天平
precision sliding microtome 精密滑动式切片机
precision thermometer 精密温度计(华氏1/5 度)
preclude 排除,消除,妨碍
precooler 预冷器
precooling 预冷却
precordial cardiogram 心振动图
precordial leads 胸(前)导程,心前导程
precursor ①先躯 ②预兆 ③预报器
precut apparatus 预切器
predelivery room 待产室
predict 预言,预测,预报
predictor 预报器,预测器
predominant 主要的,优势的
pre-evaporator 初步蒸发器
prefabricate 预制,预制器
preface 序,序言
preheater 预热器
prelum ①压,加压 ②加压器
prelum arteriole 压脉器,止血带
premature ①早熟的 ②早产儿
premature incubator 早产婴儿培养箱
premature infant 早产儿
premium 保险费
prenatal 产前的,出生前的
preoperotive preparation 术前准备
preoperative care 术前护理
preparation 制剂,标本
preparation forceps 标本钳
preparation jar 标本缸
preparation centrifuge 超整制备离心机
prepotential 前电位
preprocessor 预加工器
prescription ①质量要求,规定指标 ②处方
prescription electrode 标准电极
prescription sieve 药筛
presence 存在,出席,出现
present-day 现代的,现在的
preservation 保存,保护,收藏,维护
preserver 储藏柜
preset ①预调,调整 ②预定的,预置的
preset apparatus 预先调节器
preset keys 预制按钮
preset timer 限时器
press ①压,按 ②压榨器
press cake 滤饼
press-fall tonometer 压陷式眼压计
press filter 压滤器
press-needle 揿针
pressometer 压力测量器
pressoreceptive 压力感受的
pressoreceptor 压力感受器
pressure ①压力,压缩 ②电压,气压
pressure algometer 压痛计
pressure bottle 耐压瓶
pressure breathing assister 加压呼吸辅助器
pressure controller 压力控制器
pressure-cooker 高压锅
pressure reducing valve 减压阀
pressure filter 加压过滤器,压滤器
pressure forceps 施压钳
pressure gauge 测压表,压力计
pressure-gradient transducer 压差换能器
pressuregraph 气压记录器
pressure meter 压力计
pressure monitor 压力监测器
pressure pump 压力(气)泵
pressure regulator 调压器
pressure sphygmobolometer 脉压描记器
pressure steam sterilizer 高压蒸汽消毒柜
pressure sterilizer 高压灭菌器
pressure transducer 压力换能器,血压传感器
pressure transmitter 压力传送器
pressurizer ①保持压力装置,增压装置 ②体积补偿器
presumption ①推测,假定 ②可能性
pretty 漂亮的,好的
prevalent 流行的,普通的
preventer 防护设备,防护装置
preventive 预防的,防止的
previous 以前的,预先的,上述的
price (abbr.pc) 价格,价目
price agreement 价格协定
price basis 价格条件
price catalogue (abbr. P/C) 价目表
pricker ①针,刺孔针 ②锥子
primal 最初的,原始的,主要的
primary 第一位的,主要的,原发的
primary battery 原电池组
primary cell 原电池
primary collecting duct 初级集合管
primary rectifier 初级整流器
principal 主要的,首要的
principle 原理,法则,成分
print 印刷,出版,晒图
printer 印刷机,打印机
printing machine 印字机,打印机
printing paper 晒象纸,印像纸
prior 先前,居先,更重要的
prism (abbr.Pr.) 棱镜
prismatic 棱镜的
prismatic condenser 棱镜式聚光镜
prismatic lens 棱镜(片)
prismatic spectrum 棱镜光谱
prism diopter 棱镜屈光度
prism exophthalmometer 棱镜式突眼计
prismoptometer 三棱镜视力计
prismosphere 棱球镜
prisoptometer 三棱镜视力计
private 民间的,专用的,私有的
pro- 前,原,代,副
probability ①概率,机率 ②可能性,或然性
probability curve 概率曲线
probang 除鲠器,食管探子
probe 探头,探针,探子
probe and separator 探针和分离器
probe and supporter 探头和支托
probe electrode 探查电极
probe forceps 尖头镊
probe gorget 探查用有槽导子
probe-pointed bistoury 圆头细长刀
probe-pointed hook 圆头钩(耳用)
probe-pointed scissors 圆头剪
prober 探测器,探导器
probe syringe 探察注射器
probe unit 探查设备
probe with chisel 有凿探针
probe with groove 有钩探针
probit 机率单位
problem 问题,难题
procedure 程序,操作,步骤,过程
proceed 前进,进行
process 过程,程序,方法,处理
processing apparatus 洗片机
processing machine 洗片机
processing system 处理系统
processor 处理机,处理装置
proclaim 宣布,表明
proct- 直肠,肛部
procteurynter 直肠扩张器
procteurysis 直肠扩张术
procto- 直肠,肛部
proctoclysis apparatus 直肠灌洗器
proctocolonoscopy 直肠结肠镜检查
proctocystotome 直肠膀胱刀
proctoscope 直肠镜
proctoscope tube 直肠镜管
proctoscopy 直肠镜检查
proctosigmoidectomy 直肠乙状结肠切除术
proctosigmoidoscope 直肠乙状结肠镜
proctostat 直肠用镭器
proctotokography 直肠子宫收缩描记术
proctotome 直肠刀
produce 生产,制造
producer 发生器,发生炉,振荡器
product 产品,结果,成分
profession (专门)职业,行业
professional ①职业的,专业的 ②内行,专家
profile roentgenogram 侧面X 射线照片
kprofilograph 面形描记器,面部轮廓描记器
profilometer 面形测定器
profondometer 深部异物定位器
proforma 形式上(的)
proforma invoice 形式发票
prognathism 凸颌
prognathometer 颌凸测量器,颌凸计
prognosis 预后,预测
program 程序,计划,方案
program installation 程序装置
programmable calculator 程控计算机
programmable microprocessor pipet 微信息程序处理移液管
programmable pacemaker 程序控制心脏起搏器
programmable read-only memory 可编程序只读存储器
programmable recorder 程控记录器
programmable stimulator 程(序)控(制)刺激器
programmer 程序装置,程序调控器
progress 前进,进展,发展
progressive 进步的,累进的,递增的
prohibit 禁止,阻止
project ①方案,计划 ②投身,投影
projecting lamp 投影灯
projection ①投射,投影 ②投影图
projection focimeter 投影焦点计
projection microscope 投射显微镜,投影显微镜
projection perimeter 投射式视野计
projective 投射的,投影的
projective perimeter 投影式视野计
projector 投影仪,幻灯机,放映机
projector scope 投射器
prologue 序言,序幕
promotion 增进,助长,加速
prong 尖头,叉,管脚
prong fork 尖头叉
pronometer 前臂旋转计
proof ①证明、证据,检验 ②不能透过的
proof gallon 标准加仑
prop 支器,张器,支架
propeller 推进器,螺旋桨
propeller agitator 推进式搅拌器
property 性质,特性,性能
property filter 特性滤波器
prophetic 预言的,预示的
prophylaxis 预防
proportion 比例,比率,部分
proportional 成比例的,相称的,比例数
proportional coumter 正比计数管
proportionality 比值,比例,相称
propose 提议,打算,建议
proprioceptor 本体感受器
proptometer 突眼计,眼球突出测量器
propulsive cathode (氢气)推液阴极
prosectorium 解剖室
prosopo- 颜面,面部
prosoposcopy 面部检视法
prostate 前列腺
prostatectomy forceps 前列腺摘除钳
prostatectomy knife 前列腺摘除刀
prostate suture unit 前列腺缝合器
prostatic catheter 前列腺导尿管
prostatic dissector 前列腺剥离器
prostatic electric cautery 前列腺电灼器
prostatic enucleator 前列腺剜出器
prostatic forceps 前列腺钳
prostatic lobe holding forceps 前列腺叶持钳
prostatic needle holder 前列腺持针器
prostatic tractor 前列腺牵引器
prostato- 前列腺
prostatogram 前列腺X 射线照片
prostatometer 前列腺测量器
kposthesis ①修补术 ②假体(假肢,假眼,假牙等)
prosthesis inserter 移植物插入器
prosthetic 修复的,假体的
prosthetic aortic valve 人造主动脉瓣
prosthetic device 假肢器官装置
prosthetic lens 人造晶状体
prot- 原,第一,原始的
protactinium (abbr.Pa) 钋
protal 先天的
protecting equipment 防护设备
protecting net 护痘网罩
protecting tube 保护管
protection ①保护,防护 ②保护装置
protection cover 防护罩
protective apron 防护围裙
protective clothing 防护衣
protective dressing 保护敷料
protective glass ①防X 射线玻璃 ②防护眼镜
protective gloves 防护手套
protective goggles 防护眼镜
protective lead-glass 防护铅玻璃
protective mast 防护面罩
protective nastfilter 防护面罩滤器
protective material 防护材料
protective shield 防护屏
protective spectacles 护目镜
protector ①保护器,防护罩 ②保险丝
protein 蛋白质
protein/peptideseguencey 微形蛋折白/多肽顺序仪
prothesis 修复术,假体
prothetic 修复的,假体的
proto- 原,第一,原始的
protocol 议定书,会谈备记录,草约
kprotometer 突眼计,眼球突出测量器
proton 质子
proton magnetic resonance 质磁共振
proton microscope 质子显微镜
proton synchrotron 质子同步加速器
protophase 前期
prototype 原型,样机
protractor 钳取器,异物取出器
prove 证明,判明,检验
provide 提供,供应
province 省,州,地方
provision ①准备,设备 ②供应,规定
provisional 暂时的,假定的
provisional ligature 临时结扎线
proximate 近似的,贴近的
P.S. (power supply) 电源
pseudo- 假,拟,伪
pseudoarthrosis 假关节
psophometer 噪声计,测听仪
prych-;psycho- 精神,心理
psyche 精神,心灵
psychergograph 心理反应描记器
psycho- 精神,心理
psychodiagnostics 心理(测验)诊断术
psychodometer 心理活动测时器,心理反应速度计
psychoelectrical 心理电的
psychogalvanometer 心理电流计,心理反应检测器
psychogram 心理记录表,心理变化记录图
psychograph 心理记录表,心理变化记录图
psychological stress 心理应力,心理刺激因素
psychometer ①精神测定器,用脑时间测定器 ②智力测定器
psychro- 冷,寒冷
psychrolusia 冷水浴
psychrometer 空气湿度计,干湿球湿度计
psychrophore 冷却导管,尿道施冷管
Pt(platinum) 铂
pterygium knife 翼胬状肉刀
pterygium scissors 翼状胬肉剪
Pu(plutonium) 钚
public 公共的,公众的,公开的
publication 发表,公布,发行,出版,刊物
public nuisance 公害
publish 发表,公布,出版
pull ①拉,拖,牵 ②拉力,牵引力
pull down 速冷点
puller 钳子,拆卸器
pulmo- 肺
pulmo-analyser 肺功能分析仪
pulmogram 肺X 射线(照)片
pulmometer 肺(容)量计
pulmometry 肺容量测定法
pulmonary 肺的
pulmonary artery forceps 肺动脉钳
pulmonary forceps 肺钳
pulmonary function analyser 肺功能分析仪
pulmonary function analysingsystem 肺功能分析系统
pulmonary function computer system 肺功能计算机系统
pulmonary function test apparatus 肺功能检查仪
pulmonary vessel clamp 肺血管钳
pulmonic 肺的,肺动脉的
pulmotester 肺功能测定器
pulmotor 人工呼吸器,自动供氧人工呼吸器
pulp canal drill 牙髓根管钻
pulp canal reamer 牙髓根管扩大针
pulp chamber bur 髓腔钻
pulpit 控制台,操纵台
pulpit spectacles 半片阅读镜
pulp tester 试髓器(牙)
pulsation 搏动
pulsator 搏动式人工呼吸器
pulse 脉搏,脉冲
pulse amplifier 脉搏放大器,脉冲放大器
pulse clock 脉搏描记器,脉波计
pulse codr 脉冲编码器
pulse counter 脉冲计数器
pulse curve 脉搏曲线,脉搏图
pulse generator 脉搏发生器,脉冲发生器
pulse indicator 脉搏指示器
pulse laser 脉冲激光器
pulse oximeter 脉动血氧计
pulser 脉冲发生器
pulse selector 脉冲选择器
pulse transducer ①脉搏传感器 ②脉冲换能器
pulse transmitter 脉冲发射机
pulse wave transdncer 脉转换能器
pulse width 脉辐
pulsiloge 脉搏描记器
pulsilogram 脉搏描记曲线图
pulsimeter 脉力计
pulsometer 脉力计
pulverizer ①粉碎器,研粉机 ②喷雾器
pump 泵,唧筒
punp tachometer 泵转速计
punch 打孔凿,钻孔器
punch biopsy 钻取活组织检查
puncher 穿孔器
punch forceps 咬取钳,咬切钳
punching forceps 打孔钳
punching machine 钻孔机
punctograph (异物)定位X 射线照像器
punctumeter 眼调节计
puncture 穿刺
puncture needle 穿刺针
punktograph (异物)定位X 射线照像器
pupil 瞳孔
pupil distance measure 瞳孔距离测量器
pupil forceps 瞳孔镊
pupillary reflex 瞳孔反射
pupillo- 瞳孔
pupillogram 瞳孔散缩图
pupillometer 瞳孔计
pupillometry 瞳孔测量法
pupilloscope 瞳孔反应检查器,瞳孔镜
pupilloscopy 视网膜镜检查,瞳孔检影法
pupillostatometer 瞳孔距离计
purchase 购买
purchase confirmation 购货确认书
purchase contract 购货合同
purchaser 买方
pure 纯的,纯净的
pure tonecaudiometen 纯音听力计
pure tone frequency 纯音频率
pure weotersystem 纯水蒸溜系统
purification 净化,提纯,精制
purifier 净化器
purine 嘌呤
purinometer 尿嘌呤定量器
purity 纯度
purity rubric 品质标准,纯产度标准
purple 紫色,紫色指示剂
purpose 企图,打算,目的
pus-basin 脓盆
pus dish 脓盘
push 压,按(电钮),推
pushbutton 按钮
pushbutton timer 按钮定时器
pusher 推进器
push-pull amplifier 推挽式放大器
push-pull power amplifier 推挽式功率放大器
put 放,置,装上,附加
P-V (pressure-Volume) 压力容积
PVT (pressure, volume, temperature) 压力-体积-温度
pycnometer ①比重瓶,比重计 ②比色计
pyelo- 肾盂
pyelofluoroscopy 肾X 射线透视检查
pyelogram 肾盂X 射线照片,肾盂造影片
pyelograph 肾盂X 射线照片,肾盂造影片
pyelography 肾盂造影术
pyelometer 骨盆测量计,骨盆计
pyeloscope 肾盂镜
pyeloscopy 肾盂X 射线透视检查
pyeloiureterography 肾盂输尿管造影术
pygriometer 比重计
pykno- ①快速 ②致密,浓缩
pyknometer ①比重瓶 ②比重计
pyknometry 比重测量法
pylometer 输尿管梗阻测量器,输尿管测定器
pyloro- 幽门
pylorodilator 幽门扩张器
pyloroscopy 幽门镜检查
pylorus 幽门
pylorus clamp 幽门夹
pylorus spreader 幽门推开器
pyonex 梅花针
pyorrhea file 脓溢锉
pyorrhea knife ①龈刀 ②脓溢刀
pyorrhea syringe 脓溢注射器
pyreto- 热,发热
pyretometer 检温器
pyrheliometer 太阳热量计,日射强度计
pyro- 热,焦
pyroelectricity 热电,热电学
pyrogen 热源,致热物
pyrogenic test 热源试验
pyroheliometer 太阳热量计
pyrometer 高温计(系水银柱温度计无法测量的一种高温测量计)
pyrometry 高温测量法
pyroscope 测热辐射器,高温计
Q. (electric quantity) 电量
Q-factor Q 因数(抗阻比因数,谐振线路或线圈的定格,Z/R,或简称Q )
qt (quart) 夸脱(1/4 加仑)
quadrangle ①四角形 ②四角器
quadrangular arm-sling 四角臂吊带
quadrangular mitella 四角臂吊带
puadrant ①象限仪 ②象限
quadrate 正方形
quadri- 四,四倍
quadrivalent element 四价元素
quadrupole residual gas analyser 四极残余气体分析仪
qualification ①合格 ②规格
qualification test 合格试验,鉴定试验
qualimeter X 射线透度计,X 射线硬度计(测X 射线之硬度)
qualitative analysis 定性分析
quality ①性质,质量 ②规格
quality certificate 品质证明书
quality claim 品质索赔
quality inspection 品质检验
quality specification 质量说明书
quantifier 计量器
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医学专用英语翻译有哪些你知道吗?下面是小编收集整理的医学专用英语翻译希望对你们有用。
Assessing the Eyes and Ears 眼、耳评估
Assessment 评估
Ask if client has a history of eye disease, trauma, or vision problems. 询问受检者是否有眼疾、外伤或视力问题史。
Ask if client has a history of ear disease, trauma, or hearing problems. 询问受检者是否有耳疾、外伤或听力问题史。
Determine occupational history and use of glasses, contacts, hearing aid, and medications. 检查职业史及眼镜、隐形眼镜、助听器和药物使用情况。
Implementation 实施
Use Standard Protocol. 采用标准护理程序
Test visual acuity: 视敏度测试
A. If client wears glasses or contact lenses, ask to read print from newspaper while wearing glasses. Note distance from the eyes that client holds the newspaper. 带眼镜或隐形眼镜者,可要求其带眼镜阅读报纸,注意受检者看报时眼睛与报纸的距离。
B. If client is unable to see print clearly, test each eye separately by placing index card over one eye at a time. 如受检者看不清报纸文字,可用卡纸盖住眼睛轮流测试两眼视力。
Test visual fields. 视野测试
A. Have client sit or stand 60 cm (2 feet) away and face you. Your eyes should be at eye level of client. 病人面对检查者坐或站于60 cm处。检查者两眼与受检者两眼同高。
B. Ask client to gently close or cover one eye and to look at your eye directly opposite. Close or cover other eye on side of client's closed eye. 嘱受检者轻轻遮住或闭上一只眼睛(如右眼),从对面直视检查者眼睛。检查者闭上或遮住异侧眼睛(即左眼)。
C. Fully extend arm midway between client and yourself, then move it centrally with fingers moving. 检查者手臂前伸至与受检者距离中间处,移动手臂并不断摆动手指。
D. Move finger or object equidistant from you and client outside of own field of vision. Slowly bring it back into field, asking client to state when it is first seen. Repeat procedure for all visual fields and for both eyes. 在检查者与受检者等距离处移动手指或物体至自身视野外。缓缓移进视野,告诉病人在第一眼看到手指或物体时就告诉检查者。各个方位重复操作,检查双眼。
Test extraocular movements 眼外运动测试
A. Instruct client to look straight ahead toward you, keeping head motionless throughout examination. 嘱病人直视检查者,检查时头部保持不动。
B. Hold finger 15 to 30 cm (6 to 12 inches) in front of client's eyes. 手指放于受检者前方10-30 cm处。
C. Ask client to follow movement of finger with eyes, keeping head still. Move finger slowly through each of eight cardinal gazes. 嘱受检者双眼随手指移动,头部不动。按八个方位移动手指。
D. Keep finger within normal field of vision. 手指保持在正常视野范围内。
E. Observe parallel eye movement, position of upper lid in relation to iris, and presence of nystagmus. 观察眼睛平行运动、上眼睑与虹膜对比位置和眼震。
Test pupillary reflexes 瞳孔反射测试
A. Dim room lights to test reaction to light. 关暗灯光测试对光反应。
B. As client looks straight ahead, move light source from side of client's face and direct light onto pupil. 受检者直视前方,将灯源从受检者脸部外侧内移,将灯光直接照射于受检者瞳孔。
C. Observe pupillary response of both eyes. 观察双眼瞳孔反应。
D. Note corneal light reflex. 注意角膜对光反射。
E. Defects along inner margins of the iris may be from surgical correction for glaucoma. 青光眼手术矫正可以引起虹膜内缘缺陷。
Test accommodation. 调节能力测试
A. Ask client to look at wall in distance. Quickly bring finger within 10 to 15 cm (4 to 6 inches) of client's nose and ask client to look at finger. 嘱受检者看远处墙壁。快速将手指移至受检者鼻前10-15 cm处,要求受检者看手指。
B. Move finger smoothly toward nasal bridge; watch for pupil constriction and convergence. 手指平稳地向鼻柱移动,观察瞳孔收缩会聚。
Assess external eye. 外眼评估
A. Inspect eye position with eyes open. Note if any portion of lower conjunctiva is visible. 受检者睁蛝,检查眼睛位置。注意结膜是否理垂。
B. Ask client to close both eyes; inspect lid position. Raise eyebrows and inspect upper eyelids for color, edema, and presence of lesions. Have client open eyes, and note blink reflex. 受检者闭上双眼,检查眼睑位置。揭开眉毛,检查上眼睑颜色、浮肿及有无损伤。嘱受检者睁眼,注意瞬目反射。
C. Inspect lacrimal apparatus and note edema or inflammation. Palpate to detect tenderness. (NOTE: Apply gloves if drainage present.) Inspect for excess tearing or edema of inner canthus. 检查泪器,注意水肿或炎症。触碰检查有无触痛。(注意:如有渗液就带手套)检查有无泪水过多或内眦水肿。
D. Inspect conjunctiva for color, edema, or lesions by gently depressing lower lid with thumb pressed against bony orbit. Ask client to look up. 检查结膜颜色、水肿,或拇指靠在眼眶轻轻按压下眼睑检查有无损伤。嘱受检者抬眼。。
E. Inspect cornea for opacities by shining light at an angle toward the cornera. Check pupils for size, shape, and equality. Inspect iris for symmetry. 用手电光斜照角膜,检查角膜浊斑。检查瞳孔大小、形状和对等。检查虹膜否对称。
Examine external ear. 检查外耳
A. Inspect auricle for placement, size, symmetry, and color. 检查耳廓布局、大小、对称性和颜色。
B. Palpate auricle for texture, tenderness, and presence of lesions. If client complains of pain, gently pull auricle and press on tragus and behind ear over mastoid bone. 触碰耳廓检查质地、触痛,有无损伤。如受检者叫痛,轻拉耳廓和按耳屏及耳后颞骨乳突部。
C. Observe opening of ear canal for lesions, discharge, swelling, foreign bodies, or inflammation. 观察耳道口有无损伤、漏液、肿大、异物升炎症。
D. Inspect canal for buildup of cerumen. If canal is clear, ask how often client usually cleans ears. 检查耳道有无耳垢。如耳道干净,询问受检者通常清理时间。
Assess hearing acuity. 评估听敏度
A. Ask client to remove hearing aid and close eyes. 嘱受检者取下助听器,闭眼。
B. Test one ear at a time 逐眼检查。
C. Stand 15 to 60 cm (6 inches to 2 feet) away, exhale fully, and softly whisper a sequence of numbers with two equally accented syllables. 站于15-60 cm开外,呼气,轻柔地说出一串数字,音节间重音相等。
D. Ask client to repeat. Repeat in conversational or loud tones if needed. 嘱受检者重复。必要时可用谈话语调或大声重复。
If hearing loss is suspected, perform a tuning fork test. 如疑有听力丧失,可进行音叉测试。
A. Weber's test
Hold fork at its base and tap lightly against heel of palm. Place base of vibrating fork on midline vertex of client's head or middle of forehead.
Ask client if sound is heard equally in both ears or better in one ear. 韦伯试验
握住音叉,轻轻击掌根,将震动音叉面放在受检者头顶正中线或额头中间。
询问受检者两耳声音是否一样或有差异。
B. Rinne test
Place stem of vibrating tuning fork against client's mastoid process.
Ask client to tell you when sound is no longer heard. Observe the length of time in seconds.
Quickly place the still-vibrating tines 1 to 2 cm (1/2 to 1 inch) from ear canal.
Ask client to tell you when sound is no longer heard. Again, time with a watch.
Compare the number of seconds for bone conduction versus air conduction. 林纳试验
将震动音叉杆靠在受检者乳突。嘱受检者在听不到声音时通知你。观察持续时间(秒)。
迅速将仍在震动的音叉尖端放于离耳道1-2 cm处。
嘱受检者病人在听不到声音时通知你。记录时间。
对比骨导和气导时间。
Use Completion Protocol. 采用护理完成程序
Evaluation 评价
Compare findings with client's baseline and normal expected findings. 对比受检者基线值和正常预期值。
Identify Unexpected Outcomes and Nursing Intervention Record and Report 确认意外结果和护理措施
记录和报告
Assessment findings. 评估所见
Description of abnormalities. 异常说明
Abnormal findings (report to physician). 异常结果(报告医生)
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医药行业英语翻译有哪些你知道吗?下面是小编收集整理的医药行业英语翻译希望对你们有用。
Use of the Apnea Monitor 使用窒息监视器
SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT 用品
Apnea monitor with electrodes
Material to cleanse the infant's skin 电极窒息监视器
婴儿皮肤清洁用品
PROCEDURES 操作
1. Wash hands. 洗手
2. Gather equipment. 收集用具
3. Explain to caregivers what is to be done and why. 向护工说明操作程序及目的
4. Prepare the infant's skin by making sure it is clean and dry. 婴儿皮肤准备,确保皮肤清洁干燥
5. Apply the electrodes (either to the infant or to the electrode belt, depending on the type of monitor being used). 贴电极片(根据监视器类型,将电极贴于婴儿皮肤或贴于电极带)
a. Place the electrode belt at the infant's nipple line. l 将电极带置于婴儿乳头线
b. Skin electrodes are usually best placed between the infant's nipple and armpit and may be repositioned somewhat. l 皮肤电极通常置于婴儿乳头和腋窝间,也可以置于其他部位。
6. Insert lead wires. Insert the white lead wire on the right side. Insert the black wire on the left. 插入导联线:白色导联线插右侧;黑色导联线插入左侧。
7. Insert the corresponding lead wire into the cable, and insert the cable into the monitor. The cable is usually color coded to match the lead wires. 将相应导联线与电线相接,将电线插入监视器。电线颜色通常与导联线颜色相配。
8. Attach the belt to the infant. The belt should be snug but you should be able to insert two fingers under it. 电极带固定于婴儿身上。电极带固定松紧度以能插入两个手指为宜。
9. Make sure the monitor is plugged in, the cable is attached, and the alarms are properly set. 确保监视器、电线和报警装置连接设置正常。
10. Turn on the monitor. The indicator lights should be on as well. 打开监视器。提示灯亮。
11. Settle the infant comfortably, or allow caregivers to hold and comfort their infant. 婴儿体位舒适,或由护工怀抱并安慰婴儿。
12. If the monitor alarm sounds: 如监视器报警:
a. Check the infant immediately. 立即检查婴儿;
b. Check the infant's breathing and color. If the infant is pink but not breathing, wait until the 10th beep before starting stimulation. If the infant is not pink, begin stimulation immediately. Believe observations of the infant before relying on the monitor. 检查婴儿呼吸和肤色。如肤色粉红但无呼吸,等警报器蜂鸣10下后再开始刺激。如婴儿不是粉红色,则立即开始刺激。操作时以观察结果为准,监视器显示为参考。
13. Use this stimulation sequence: Gently touch the infant; flick the infant's heel; slap the infant's foot; rub the infant's back. (Note: Be certain to teach caregivers never to shake the infant). If the child does not respond, start cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). After the problem resolves, the alarm will stop. 行连续刺激:轻触婴儿,指弹婴儿脚跟,拍击婴儿足部,搓擦婴儿背部(教导护工绝不能摇晃婴儿)。如无反应,开始心肺复苏。问题解决,告警停止。
14. Press the reset button to turn off the alarm indicator. 按复位键关闭告警指示器。
15. Document and report any alarms and nursing responses. Document the infant's condition. Always note alarm settings when starting and ending any contact with the infant and at least every hour in between. 记录并报告警报及护理反应。记录婴儿病情。在开始和结束与婴儿接触时应始终注意警报器设置,每小时不少于一次。
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医药类英语翻译有哪些你知道吗?下面是小编收集整理的医药类英语翻译希望对你们有用。
A Guide to Intensive Care Unit ICU指南
This introductory guide to the critical care environment describes the ICU and the caregivers who staff it; the patients and how they are admitted, monitored, and treated; and some of the common life-support equipment. It includes a strategy for presenting your patient to your team and prepares you for the ethical issues that might confront you in the ICU. The guide also describes some of the career paths that culminate in leadership positions in critical care medicine. 危重病护理环境指南介绍了重症监护室及室内护理人员,病人与病人入院、监护和治疗方式,及一些常用的生命支持设备等内容。指南还包括如何向ICU小组介绍病人和如何作好应对ICU可能遇到的职业道德问题的心理准备,并对危重病人护理医学中提升领导职位的职业发展途径进行了描述。
ICU TYPES ICU种类
The hospital you are in today is different from the hospital your attending physician claimed as his or her environment. Lengths of stay are down, patient acuity is rising, and critical care units are proliferating. Although the health care system is changing, hospitals will always need an area to care for their sickest patients--a critical care center. The need for these units is growing as patients at all extremes of life—the most premature infants, adults with cardiovascular disease, the severely injured—are growing, both in absolute numbers and in proportion to the general population. Citizens of developed nations around the world are living--and staying active--into the ninth and tenth decades of life. When they become ill, they often require aggressive intervention to stabilize their delicate physiologic balance so they can heal. 你今天所在的医院与你主治医生所说的那种环境已大不相同。病人住院时间缩短、病人要求提高、危重护理病房不断增多。虽然健康护理系统正在不断发生变化,但医院将始终需要有一个护理最病重的病人的区域 – 一个危重病护理中心。由于处于生命极端状态病人的增多,如早产儿、成人心血管疾病患者和重伤病人等,无论是按绝对数字还是按总人口比率计算,对这些病房的需求也在增长。发达国家人口正进入到人生的90和100岁。一旦生病,他们就常常需要采取入侵性措施使他们那脆弱的生理平衡得以稳定,使疾病得以治愈。
The interventions required to manage life-threatening illnesses generally include both core supports--intensive nursing care and cardiopulmonary monitoring--as well as supports focused on the patient's particular illness. While nearly all ICUs are capable of providing a spectrum of care, many have developed a focused area of excellence: care of critically ill and injured children in the pediatric ICU (PICU); adult cardiac diseases in the coronary care unit (CCU); perioperative care, trauma care, and care of multiple organ dysfunction in the surgical ICU (SICU); care of neurological and neurosurgical patients in the neuroscience ICU; and so on. Many teaching hospitals also have graded critical care centers such as intermediate care units and telemetry units where patients who require more than ward care can benefit from specific monitoring and intervention. 威胁生命的疾病的处理措施包括核心支持—重症护理和心肺监护—及以病人特定疾病为重点的支持措施。尽管几乎所有的ICU都能够提供整套的护理,但很多ICU都有自己 重点关注的强项:儿科ICU(PICU)危重病及受伤儿童的护理;冠心病监护室的成人心脏病护理;外科ICU(SICU)的围手术期护理、外伤护理和多种器官功能障碍的护理等;神经科ICU的神经和神经外科病人护理;等等。很多教学医院也有不同等级的危重病护理中心,如过渡监护治疗病房和远程治疗病房等。需要病房外护理的病人可以从远程治疗特殊的监护和介入中受益。
The ICU Team ICU小组
The more things get busy, the more you will appreciate that each team member in the ICU has a specific role.
The team leader is a physician. Students typically are assigned to train in intensive care units where the team leader is an intensivist physician who has received advanced training in the art and science of critical care medicine. In North America, added qualifications in critical care medicine are obtained after board certification in a primary specialty such as pediatrics, internal medicine, surgery, or anesthesiology. Many countries have established critical care medicine as an independent specialty.
Irrespective of the training pathway, your team leader embraces the philosophy of critical care medicine, namely that a physician-led, multidisciplinary team can provide optimal care to the critically ill patient. 事情越忙,你就越能体会每个ICU成员所起的特殊作用。
ICU小组长是一位医生。在指定的医学生实习重症监护室里,ICU组长通常是一个重症专科医生,他在危重病人护理医学方面受过高级培训。在北美地区,额外的危重病护理医学资格是在其有了基本的专科证书---如儿科、内科、外科或麻醉科等专科资格证书---后获得的。很多国家已将危重病护理医学设为一个独立的专业科室。
不管组长接受的是何种途径的培训,他都会掌握危重病护理医学的基本原理,也就是说,一个由医生领导的多学科小组能够向危重病人提供最佳的护理。
The term "multidisciplinary" refers not only to other physicians who may participate as consultants or coattendings in the ICU, but also to the other health care professionals who work side by side, around the clock in the ICU. The most numerous of these are the critical care nurses, many of whom also have advanced training and certification in critical care and are recognized as CCRNs. Some have achieved even greater recognition and responsibility. They are the acute care nurse practitioners and clinical nurse specialists who complement the physician staff in establishing plans, writing orders, and directing management. Physician assistants also provide care in the ICU. “多学科”一词并不仅仅是指以会诊医师或合作主治医师身份加入ICU的其他医生,它同时也指在ICU内并肩工作24小时的其他卫生保健专业人员,人数最多的是重症监护护士。这些护士多数在重症护理方面受过高级培训,并获得相应的证书,是公认的“重症监护注册护士”。有些护士所获得的认可不尽于此,他们的职责也更重大。他们是急症护理医生和临床护理专家,也可以制定计划、写医嘱和指导治疗,是医生的补充。医生助理也提供ICU护理。
Respiratory therapists are experts in many forms of pulmonary diagnosis and intervention. In addition to operating the mechanical ventilator, therapists often obtain and analyze arterial blood for blood gases and test patients' breathing strength by obtaining forced vital capacity, negative inspiratory pressure, and other parameters. In some hospitals, respiratory therapists perform endotracheal intubation in addition to supporting ventilation with "bag-and-mask" devices. The ICU team typically includes a pharmacist who helps you review medication profiles and determine if your patient is predisposed to side effects or drug interactions.
The pharmacist will help you calculate clearance rates from measured drug levels and plan dosing schedules for many of the medications used in the ICU. 呼吸治疗师是多种肺病诊断和治疗的专家,除了使用机械呼吸机外,这些治疗师常常获取并分析动脉血气,通过用力肺活量、负压吸气及其他参数测试病人的呼吸力。在一些医院,呼吸治疗师除了用“袋-面罩”装置支持通气外也施行气管内插管。一个典型的ICU小组都有一个药剂师,他帮助护士评估药物性质,确定病人是否会诱发副作用或药物相互作用。
药剂师根据测得的药物浓度帮助你计算药物清除率,为ICU使用的多种药物计划给药方案。
The team also typically includes someone who is an expert in nutrition support such as a dietitian who has advanced training in enteral (gut) and parenteral (intravenous) nutritional support strategies and pitfalls. Other important members of the ICU team are the medical social worker, who provides ongoing psychosocial assessments and support; representatives of the chaplaincy staff, who are available on call to offer spiritual support to patients, families, and ICU staff members; and a unit secretary, who manages administrative tasks such as reception, telecommunications, and chart maintenance. In addition, the ICU staff generally includes many other trainees who are there to learn with you such as fellows, residents, nursing students, and dietetics students. 典型的ICU小组还会包括一位营养专家,如在肠道和非肠道(静脉内)营养支持方法及缺陷方面受过高级培训的营养师等。ICU小组其他重要成员有医务社会工作者,他为病人提供不断的心理社会评估和支持;牧师代表,可以随时招他为病人、家属和ICU成员提供精神上的帮助;以及一位病房秘书,处理一些行政性工作,如接待、联系及图表保管。此外,ICU成员通常包括其他很多在此学习的实习人员,如同行、居民、护生及营养学学生等。
The Patients ICU病人
Patients are admitted to the intensive care unit either because they require high-intensity monitoring and life support by specially trained health care providers or because they require high-intensity nursing care that cannot be provided on a general medical or surgical ward. As noted previously, surgical patients are admitted to the surgical intensive care unit and medical patients to the medical or coronary intensive care units.
Many surgical patients are admitted with medical problems such as pneumonia or sepsis. 病人进入ICU,不是因为需要由经过特殊训练的健康护理人员进行高强度监护和生命支持,就是因为他们所需要的高强度护理是其他变通内科或外科病房所无法提供的。如前所述,外科病人进入外科ICU,内科病人进入内科或冠状病ICU。许多外科病人住进来时都会有内科疾病,如肺炎、浓毒症等。
Patients come to the ICU from several areas:l Operating room (OR) or post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) -- Surgical patients who require invasive monitoring, mechanical ventilation, or resuscitation after surgery may be transported directly to the ICU from the OR or the PACU after a period of observation. Such direct transport is considered a transfer from one critical care area to another. Therefore, their ICU management is a continuation of care that they received from the anesthesiology team in the operating room or PACU. ICU病人来自下例科室:手术室(OR)或麻醉后监护病房(RACU)—术后需要侵入性监测、机械通气或复苏的病人在经过一段观察后可以直接从手术室或麻醉后监护病房送到ICU,这种直接运送方式也就是由一个危重病护理区转到另一个危重病护理区,因此,其ICU处理只是OR或PACU麻醉小组护理的继续。
l Emergent care center (ECC) or emergency room -- Medical, surgical, trauma, or burn patients can be admitted to the ICU from the ECC or emergency room. These patients typically undergo a series of diagnostic tests prior to their transfer, and the etiology of their illness may or may not be known by the time they come to the ICU. They are admitted to manage their acute illness. 急诊护理中心(ECC)或急诊室—内科、外科、创伤或灼伤病人可以由ECC或急诊室收住ICU。这些病人在转来之前通常都做过一系列的诊断检查,到ICU时,其病因可能已经知道,也可能还不知道。他们住进ICU是因为有急病要处理。
l Medical or surgical ward -- Patients may be admitted to the ICU from a general medical or surgical ward. These are patients who were initially stable but who developed respiratory distress, low blood pressure, shock, cardiopulmonary arrest, or other physiologic instabilities on the ward. They require aggressive resuscitation, treatment, and invasive monitoring and are transferred to the ICU for closer observation, more frequent measurement of vital signs, invasive monitoring, or mechanical ventilation. 内科或外科病房—病人可以从普通内科或外科病房收住ICU。这些病人开始时的病情都很稳定,但在病房时发生了呼吸窘迫、低血压、休克、心肺停止或其他的生理不稳定情况,需要超常规的复苏、治疗和侵入性监护,转到ICU进行更密切的观察、增加生命体征测量、采取侵入性监护或进行机械通气。
l Other facilities -- Patients may also be transferred from another facility that does not have the resources to provide the level or type of care they require. 其他机构—病人也可以从另一个机构转到这里,因为该机构没法提供所需的护理。
Common Reasons for Admission to the ICU:l Respiratory compromise--Patients with respiratory distress, manifested either as an inability to oxygenate or an inability to ventilate, are transferred to the ICU for supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation. Etiologies of respiratory distress are numerous and include pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary embolism, and exacerbations of chronic obstructive lung disease. ICU入院常见原因呼吸系统损伤—呼吸窘迫病人可表现为无法氧合或通气不能,转到ICU就是为了补充氧气、机械通气。呼吸窘迫病因很多,包括肺炎、急性呼吸窘迫综合症、肺栓塞和慢性阻塞性肺部疾病等。
l Hemodynamic compromise--Patients with hemodynamic instability are admitted for management of arrhythmias, hypotension, or hypertension. Patients with hypotension are typically resuscitated with fluid or medications (e.g., vasopressors or inotropes) to increase vascular tone. If a predetermined minimal mean blood pressure cannot be maintained, or if the patient has signs of inadequate oxygen delivery to the tissues (i.e., altered mental status, decreased urine output, cool skin, and lactic acidosis), a pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) may be inserted to monitor cardiac output. Measurements obtained from the PAC aid the clinician in deciding, for example, whether to treat the patient with more fluids to improve preload—the filling pressure of the left ventricle--or to initiate inotropes to improve contractility. In these instances, an arterial catheter is often inserted to monitor systemic blood pressure continuously. Patients with severe hypertension are generally managed with titratable intravenous medications. 血液动力学功能损伤—血液动力学功能不稳病人收住ICU以处理心律失常、低血压或高血压。低血压病人主要是通过液体或药物进行复苏(如血管升压类药物或收缩性药物),增加血管张力。如果无法保持预定的最低平均血压,如果病人出现组织供氧不足症状(如精神状态改变、排尿量减少、皮肤发冷和乳酸性酸中毒),就可能需要施行肺动脉导管(PAC)以监测心排血量。PAC测量结果可以帮助临床医生作出决定,如是否需要增加输液改善前负荷—即左室充盈压—或使用收缩性药物以提高收缩性。在上术情况中,常常要通过插入动脉导管来连续监测体循环血压。有严重高血压的病人通常采用可滴定静脉给药法进行处理。
l Myocardial ischemia or infarction -- Patients with inadequate oxygen delivery to their myocardium are admitted for the management of angina and myocardial infarction. They may require titration of nitroglycerin, beta blockers, and morphine. Each medication can result in further complications such as hypotension, decreased heart rate, bronchospasm, or decreased respiratory drive, respectively. These patients are often candidates for thrombolytic agents and cardiac catheterization. The goal of admission, to reverse ischemia and minimize myocardial injury, requires close monitoring and rapid intervention. 心肌缺血或梗死—心肌供氧不足病人入院处理心绞痛或心肌梗死。这些病人可能需要甘油滴定、β-阻止剂或吗啡。每种药物都可能导致进一步的并发症,如低血压、心率减慢、支气管痉挛或呼吸动力减弱等。这些病人常常是血栓溶解剂和心导管插管的使用对象。收治目的是逆转心肌缺血减少心肌损伤,这需要密切的监护,并迅速采取措施。
l Neurological compromise -- Patients with alterations in mental status are admitted to the ICU for frequent neurologic checks. If their condition deteriorates, they may need to have an endotracheal tube placed to protect their airway. 神经损伤—精神状态变化病人住进ICU进行频繁的神经检查。如果病情恶化,就可能需要放置气管内插管以保护气道。
l Gastrointestinal -- Patients with life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding are admitted to treat hypotension with IV fluids, blood and blood products. Diagnostic tests such as endoscopy will likely be performed to locate and treat the source of bleeding in unstable patients in the ICU. 胃肠—出现危及性命的胃肠出血病人住进ICU,通过IV输液、全血或血液制品治疗低血压。有可能在ICU通过内窥镜之类的诊断检查来定位和治疗不稳定病人的出血。
l Renal and metabolic -- Patients may be admitted for treatment of the complications of renal failure, including acidosis, volume overload, and electrolyte abnormalities. More often, patients develop renal failure in the ICU secondary to hypotension and sepsis. Treatment with careful attention to acid-base balance, electrolytes, and volume status is provided in the ICU. Other metabolic crises, such as hypercalcemia, unrelated to renal failure, may result in a patient's admission to the ICU. 肾和代谢问题—病人入院也可能是为了治疗肾衰引发的各种并发症,包括酸中毒、容量过度负荷、电解质异常等。更常见的情况是,病人在ICU时因低血压和脓毒症而继发肾衰。ICU治疗时应密切注意酸碱平衡、电解质和容积状况。其他代谢性危象如高钙血症等,尽管与肾衰无关,但也可能导致病人收住 ICU
l Postoperative -- There are many reasons for admitting patients to the ICU. They may still be on a ventilator, or they may have other invasive monitoring. They may have a history of coronary artery disease and therefore be at risk for a perioperative MI. They may have had extensive bleeding and require frequent observation. They may have had an extensive surgical procedure, including open-heart surgery, organ transplantation, vascular surgery, or general abdominal surgery. Each surgical intervention has specific perioperative issues that require observation and treatment in the ICU. Patients with trauma, orthopedic injuries, and extensive thermal injuries are also admitted to ICUs. 术后—很多原因可以使病人住进ICU。他们可能仍在使用呼吸机,也可能是在接受其他入侵性监测。他们可能有冠状动脉疾病史,因此有围手术期心肌梗死危险。病人也可能有大出血,需要密切观察。病人可能接受过大型外科手术,如开胸手术、器管移植、血管手术、或腹部手术。每次手术都有特定的围手术期问题需要在ICU进行观察和治疗。创伤、骨伤和大面积热损伤病人也会收住ICU。
Transporting the Patient to the ICUOnce it is clear that a patient requires management in the intensive care unit, the ICU personnel should be notified. An attending, fellow, or resident should call the ICU charge nurse and indicate the patient's name, illness, reason for transfer to the ICU, and immediate plans for treatment. Alerting the staff in the ICU prior to patient transport allows them to prepare for the patient's arrival. Advance communication with the ICU physician ensures that the appropriate support is available when the patient arrives. It is essential that the appropriate personnel, equipment, and monitors are available for all transfers to the ICU. 运送病人到ICU一旦明确病人需要由ICU处理,就应通知ICU医护人员。由主治医师、普通医生或住院医师呼叫ICU主管护师,弄清病人的姓名、疾病、转室原因,立即制订治疗计划。在病人送到前提醒ICU工作人员可以使他们为病人到来作好准备。事先与ICU医师沟通可确保病人到达时得到合适的支持。使转到ICU的所有病人都有合适的人手、器械和监护,这一点极为重要。
The Equipment 设 备
The vast array of technology present in an average patient's room can be overwhelming. Even the beds have become incredibly complex, costing tens of thousands of dollars and requiring detailed operating instructions. It is stressful enough just to be in the room of a patient who is critically ill, let alone to cope with the anxiety that the equipment might alarm or malfunction and require an intervention. In reality, the machines in the ICU have many fail-safe backup systems so that mechanical failure is rare. Furthermore, devices that require more supervision are usually accompanied by an individual with expertise, such as a cardiac technician for an intra-aortic balloon pump or a hemodialysis technician for a hemodialysis machine. Respiratory therapists are in close proximity to patients' rooms and intervene quickly if a mechanical ventilator alarms or malfunctions. The best way to resolve anxiety is to become familiar with all of the different devices. 普通病人病房里的技术多得使人晕头转向,连床铺也复杂得令人难以置信,不但要花数万美元,还要有详细的操作说明。在危重病人病房里就已够紧张的了,更不用说还要应付器械告警或故障需要处理这样令人焦虑的事。在现实中,ICU机器都有很多故障保险备份系统,因此,出现机械故障的可能性很小。而且,需要监督的装置通常都由专业人员看着,如由心脏科技师负责主动脉内气囊泵或血透技师负责血液透析机等。呼吸治疗师离病人房间很近,一旦机械呼吸机告警或故障,他可以很快进行处理。减轻焦虑的最佳方法是熟悉各种装置。
Bedside monitorsAll patients are connected to a bedside monitor whose screen displays several parameters. Channels I and II typically display two EKG leads providing continuous monitoring of the patient's heart rhythm. The patient's blood pressure is displayed either continuously from a catheter in the patient's arterial system or intermittently from an automatically inflating blood pressure cuff on channel III. The arterial line allows beat-to-beat measurement of blood pressure. An A-line is also inserted in patients who require numerous arterial blood gases in order to avoid repeated punctures. 床边监测仪所有病人都接有一个床边监测仪,它可以显示多种参数。其中通道I、II 主要显示两台EKG 导联仪,对病人心律进行连续监测。病人血压监测有连续和间断两种,前者通过病人动脉系统插管监测,后者通过通道III自动充气血压袖带监测。动脉插管可以测量每一搏动的血压情况,它可以用于需要大量动脉血气的病人,避免重复穿刺。
Patients may have a central venous catheter placed in the superior vena cava through the internal jugular or subclavian vein. A central venous catheter allows measurement of central venous pressure (CVP). The CVP serves as an estimate of the patient's volume status. Central lines are also used to rapidly infuse fluid and to administer substances that cannot be infused into a peripheral vein such as hypertonic parenteral fluids and medications such as vasopressors. 病人也可以经由颈内静脉或锁骨下静脉放置上腔静脉中心静脉插管,测定中心静脉压(CVP),由此估计病人的容积状态。中心静脉插管也可用于快速输液和给药。一些周围静脉难以输入的药物或液体,如高渗非肠道液体、血管升压类药物等,都可以通过该插管输入。
When more data about a patient's hemodynamic physiology is required, a pulmonary artery catheter can be inserted and advanced through the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery. The PAC allows continuous display of pulmonary artery pressure, and variables such as cardiac output and pulmonary artery occlusion pressure, or wedge pressure, can be intermittently obtained. The "wedge pressure" is a measurement that reflects the patient's preload. The catheter is used to diagnose and manage hemodynamic instability. 如需要更多的病人血液动力生理学资料,就可以施行肺动脉插管(PAC),经由右室插入肺动脉。PAC可以连续显示肺动脉压及其他多种变量,如心排血量,也可以间断性显示肺动脉闭塞压或楔压。楔压反映了病人的前负荷情况,插管用于诊断和处理血液动力学的不稳定性。
The respiratory rate and the pulse oximeter reading, which indicates the patient's oxygen saturation, are also displayed on the monitor. The pulse oximeter is a noninvasive monitor attached to the patient's finger or earlobe to measure oxygen saturation continuously. Bedside monitors can be set to alarm for bradycardia or tachycardia, hypotension or hypertension, tachypnea, and/or oxygen desaturation. 监测仪还可显示呼吸频率和脉氧值。脉氧仪显示病人氧饱和度,这是一种非侵入式监测仪,套在病人指头或耳垂上连续监测氧饱和度。经过设置,床边监测仪可以警示下列情况:心动过缓或过速,低或高血压、呼吸急促和/或氧减饱和。
Mechanical ventilatorsPatients are mechanically ventilated for several reasons. If they are unable to protect their airway due to encephalopathy or massive stroke, they may be intubated (have an endotracheal tube placed through their mouth or nose into the trachea) to minimize the possibility of aspiration. If they have refractory hypoxemia (low oxygen saturation that does not respond to oxygen delivered by face mask), the ventilator will allow higher concentrations of FIO2 to be delivered to the alveoli, and pressure can be delivered through the ventilator to open alveoli that have collapsed. If they have respiratory failure and are unable to take adequate tidal volume, the ventilator can deliver a preselected tidal volume and respiratory rate. Patients remain on the ventilator until the underlying disease is resolved. When this occurs, the doctors and respiratory therapists begin the process of decreasing, or "weaning," ventilator support until the endotracheal tube can be removed, a process known as extubation. 机械呼吸机病人因多种原因需要进行机械通气。如果病人因脑病或大面积中风无法保护气道,这时就需要插管(即经口或鼻施行气管内插管),最大限度地减少抽吸可能性。如果病人有难治性低氧血症(低氧饱和度,面罩供氧无效),呼吸机就可以将高浓度的吸入氧输送到肺泡,并通过呼吸机输送的压力张开塌陷的肺泡。如果病人呼吸衰竭潮气量不足,呼吸机就可以按预先设置的潮气量和呼吸率进行输送。在疾病消失前,病人都要使用呼吸机。如要除去呼吸机,医生和呼吸治疗师通常要先逐渐减少或“断奶”呼吸机支持,最后才拨掉气管内插管,即拨管。
Other common devicesIntravenous medication pumps allow the nursing staff to titrate medications; Foley catheters and urine collection bags aid in monitoring urine output; sequential compression devices squeeze the lower extremities and reduce the incidence of deep venous thrombosis; transvenous pacemakers stimulate the patient's heart to beat; dialysis machines remove fluid and correct electrolyte and acid-base disturbances; intraaortic balloon pumps assist the heart's contractility; and neurologic monitoring systems measure intracranial pressure. 其他常用装置静脉内给药泵由普通护士用于滴定药物;弗利氏导管和集尿袋帮助监测排尿量;连续压迫装置挤压下肢,减少深部静脉血栓形成;经静脉起搏器刺激病人心脏跳动;透析仪除去液体,纠正电解质和酸碱紊乱;主动脉内气囊泵支持心脏收缩;神经病学监测系统测定颅内压。
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医药学英语翻译有哪些你知道吗?下面是小编收集整理的医药学英语翻译希望对你们有用。
Resuscitation 复苏术
Assessment 评估
Assess the client's unresponsiveness by shaking the client and shouting, "Are you OK?" 摇病人或呼叫病人,评估病人反应程度。
Implementation 实施
1. Activate the emergency medical services according to hospital policy and procedure 根据医院规定和操作程序起动急诊治疗。
2. Observe for chest movement; listen and feel for breaths. 观察胸部有无运动,听、感觉病人呼吸。
3. If client is breathing and no trauma is present, place client in the recovery position. 如病人有呼吸、无外伤,将病人置于恢复位。
4. If no respirations are detected, call for assistance. 如无呼吸,寻求协助。
5. Place victim on hard surface, such as floor or ground, or use the backboard found on the resuscitation cart or the headboard of the hospital bed. If the client must be moved to the supine position, use the log-rolling technique to maintain spinal integrity. 将患者置于硬面上,如地板或地面,或采用救护车上的底板或病床床头板。如需将病人移至仰卧位,可采用滚木手法以保持脊柱完整。
6. Correctly position for resuscitative efforts. 复苏时正确体位:
A. One-person rescue: face client while kneeling parallel to the client's sternum. 单人救护:面向病人,跪膝与病人胸骨平行。
B. Two-person rescue: one person faces client while kneeling parallel to the client's head. Second person is on the opposite side parallel to the client's sternum. 双人救护:一人面向病人,跪膝与病人头部平行;一人于病人另一侧,与病人胸骨平行。
7. Open the airway. 打开气道
A. If no head or neck trauma is suspected, use the head-tilt, chin-lift method. 如无头世颈外伤,可采用侧头、抬头举颏法。
B. If head or neck trauma is suspected, use the jaw-thrust maneuver only. Grasp angles of client's lower jaw and lift with both hands, displacing the mandible forward. 如疑有头或颈部外伤,只能采用双手托颌法。双手抓住病人下巴尖,抬起,按住前额后仰。
8. Mouth-to-mouth artificial respirations: 口对口人工呼吸
A. Adult: 成人
a. Pinch client's nose with thumb and index finger and occlude mouth with rescuer's mouth or use CPR pocket mask. Attempt two slow breaths, 1 1/2 to 2 sec per breath. 用拇指和食指捏住病人鼻子,抢救者张口封住病人口唇,也可使用CPR袖珍面罩。先行两次慢呼吸,每呼吸1.2至2秒。
b. The rescuer should take a breath after each ventilation. 每次人工呼吸后抢救者都应吸一口气。
c. Allow the client to exhale between breaths. 两次呼吸间应允许病人呼气。
d. Continue with 12 breaths per minute. 继续人工呼吸,每分钟12次。
B. Child (1 to 8 years of age): 儿童(1-8岁)
a. Pinch the victim's nose tightly with thumb and forefinger. Place rescuer's mouth or CPR pocket mask over client's mouth, forming an airtight seal. Give two slow breaths, 1 to 1 1/2 sec per breath. 用手指和食指捏紧患者鼻子。抢救者用口或CPR袖珍面罩封住病人口唇,形成一个密闭气道。先行两次慢呼吸,每次1-1,5秒钟。
b. Pause after the first breath to take a breath. 每一次呼吸后稍停,吸气。
c. Continue with 20 breaths per minute. 继续人工呼吸,每分钟20次。
C. Infant: 婴儿
a. Place the rescuer's mouth over the infant's nose and mouth, forming an airtight seal. 抢救者口封住患儿鼻、口,形成一密闭气道。
b. Give two breaths slowly at 1 to 1 1/2 sec per breath. 行两次慢呼吸,每呼吸1-1.5秒。
9. Continue with 20 breaths per minute. 继续呼吸,每分钟20次。
10. Ambu bag artificial respirations: 急救袋人式呼吸
All ages: 所有年龄
A. Connect oxygen supply tubing to Ambu bag and oxygen flowmeter. Adjust oxygen to 100% FiO2 or ordered rate. 将供氧管与急救袋和流量计相连,将氧气调节至100%吸氧浓度分数或规定速度。
B. Insert oropharyngeal airway. 插入口咽导气管。
C. Position the face mask of the Ambu bag over the client's mouth and nose. 将急救袋面罩置于患儿口、鼻。
D. Give slow breaths by squeezing the bag. 捏挤急救袋行慢呼吸。
E. Allow time for client to exhale. 留出病人呼气时间。
11. If ventilation attempt is unsuccessful, reposition the client's head and reattempt rescue breathing again. If ventilation attempt remains unsuccessful, the airway may be obstructed by a foreign body that will need to be removed. 如人工勇气失败,重新放置病人头部,再次开始抢救呼吸。如再次失败,气道可能有异物堵塞,需要去除异物。
12. Suction secretions as needed or turn client's head to the side if no trauma is suspected. 必要时吸痰或将病人头侧向一侧(如无损伤)。
13. Check for the presence of carotid pulse in adult and child or brachial pulse in infant. Feel for 3 to 5 sec. 检查脉搏:成人及儿童测颈动脉,婴儿测臂动脉。3-5秒。
14. If no pulse, initiate chest compressions. 如无脉搏,行胸外按压法。
A. Adult: Place heel of hands, one atop the other, on lower third of the sternum. Lock elbows and maintain shoulders in line with sternum. 成人:两手相叠,手掌放于第三胸骨处。双肘关节伸直双肩与胸骨对齐。
B. Child: Place the heel of one hand on the lower half of the sternum. 儿童:将一手掌根放于下1/2胸骨处。
C. Infant: Place two or three fingers on the lower half of the sternum just below the level of the infant's nipples. 婴儿:将2-3根手指放于下1/2胸骨处,婴儿乳头下方。
15. Compress chest downward to proper depth and then release. Maintain constant contact with skin. 向下按压胸部至适当深度,放松。始终保持与皮肤接触。
A. Adult: 1 1/2 to 2 inches ( 4 to 5 cm) 成人:按压时下陷1.5至2吋(4-5 cm)
B. Child:1 to 1 1/2 inches (2.5 to 4 cm) 儿童:按压时下陷1至1.5吋(2.5-4 cm)
C. Infant:1/2 to 1 inch (1 to 2.5 cm) 婴儿:按压时下陷0.5-1吋(1-2.5 cm)
16. Maintain correct ratio proportionate to number of rescuers: 按抢救人数保持正确速度。
One rescuer: 15 compressions, 2 breaths 单人:2次呼吸按压15下
Two rescuers: 5 compressions, 1 breath 双人:1次呼吸按压5下
A. Adult: minimum of 80 to 100 compressions per min 成人:最少80-100次/分
B. Child: minimum of 100 compressions per min 儿童:最少100次/分
C. Infant: minimum of 100 compressions per min 婴儿:最少100次/分
17. Continue artificial respiration. 继续人工呼吸
18. Monitor the adequacy of the compressions during two-rescuer CPR with palpation of the carotid (adult, child) or brachial (infant) pulse during compressions. 双人胸外按压时扪摸颈动脉(成人或儿童)或臂动脉(婴儿)监测按压是否适当。
19. Continue CPR until the rescuer is relieved, client regains cardiopulmonary function independently, or physician directs that CPR be discontinued. 继续行CPR,直到有人替换,或病人恢复自主心肺功能,或医生指示中止CPR。
20. Use Completion Protocol. 采用标准完成程序。
Identify Unexpected Outcomes and Nursing Interventions 确认意外结果与护理措施。
Record and Report 记录与报告
1. Onset of arrest. 停搏时间
2. Location. 部位
3. Actions taken. 采取的行动
4. Client response. 病人反应
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医药英语翻译有哪些你知道吗?下面是小编收集整理的医药英语翻译希望对你们有用。
Preoperative Assessment 术前评估
Assessment and Implementation 评估实施
1. Use Standard Protocol. 采用标准护理程序
2. Determine if the client has any communication impairment and if the client is mentally competent. 测定病人存在沟通障碍,心智是否健全。
3. Assess the client's understanding of the intended surgery and anesthesia. 评估病人是否了解即将进行的手术及麻醉。
4. Obtain a nursing history: 获取护理史
A. Condition leading to surgery 需手术的病情
B. The need for isolation precautions. 隔离需要
C. Chronic illnesses. 慢性疾病
D. Last menstrual period (for female clients in childbearing years). 末次月经(育龄期女性病人)
E. Previous hospitalizations. 既往住院史
F. Medication history, including prescription and over-the-counter (OTC), and date/time of last doses. 用药史,包括处方与非处方药,末次用药日期/时间
G. Previous experience with surgery and anesthesia. 既往手术及麻醉史
H. Family history of complications from surgery or anesthesia. 家庭手术或麻醉并发症史
I. Allergies to medications or food, including specific questions about natural rubber latex. 药物或食物过敏史,包括天然橡胶特种过敏反应
J. Physical impairment. 身体受损情况
K. Prostheses and implants (e.g., dentures, hearing aid, pacemaker, internal defibrillator, hip prosthesis) 假体和移植(如义齿、助听器、起搏器、除颤器、人工髋关节)
L. Smoking, alcohol, and drug use. 吸烟、饮酒和吸毒史
M. Occupation 职业
5. Assess client's weight, height, and vital signs. 评估病人体重、身高和生命体征。
6. Assess client's respiratory status, including character and rate of respirations, oxygen saturation, ability to breathe lying flat, and chest x-ray report. 评估病人呼吸系统状况,包括呼吸特征与速度,氧饱和度,平卧呼吸能力及胸片。
7. Assess client's circulatory status, including apical pulse, electrocardiogram (ECG) report, and peripheral pulses. 评估病人循环系统状况,包括心尖搏动、心电图和周围脉搏。
8. Determine client's neurological status, including level of consciousness (LOC). 测定病人神经学状况,包括神志清醒程度。
9. Assess client's musculoskeletal system, including range of motion (ROM) of joints. 评估病人肌骨骼系统,包括关节活动度。
10. Examine client's skin; identify any breaks in skin integrity and determine level of hydration. 检查病人皮肤,确认皮肤完整性受损情况,确定水合程度。
11. Assess client's emotional status, including level of anxiety, coping ability, and family support. 评估病人情绪状况,包括焦虑程度、应对能力和家庭支援。
12. Review the results of laboratory tests, including complete blood count (CBC), electrolytes, urinalysis, and other diagnostic tests. 审查化验报告,包括全血计数、电解质、尿检和其他诊断试验。
13. Ask if client has an advanced directive. 询问病人是否得到事先说明。
14. Identify the time of client's last intake of food or drink. 确认病人上次摄食与饮水时间。
15. Use Completion Protocol. 采用护理完成标准程序。
Evaluation 评价
1. Review records to determine if necessary information has been assessed. 复查记录,确定必需项目是否得到评估。
2. Evaluate client's ability to cooperate. 评价病人合作能力。
Identify Unexpected Outcomes and Nursing Interventions 确认意外结果与护理措施
Record and Report 记录与报告
1. Using agency format (preoperative checklist), complete all essential information. 采用机构表格(术前目录单),填写全部重要信息。
2. Report abnormal laboratory values and other concerns to the surgeon or anesthesiologist. 向手术医生或麻醉师报告异常化验值及其他问题。
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医药专业英语翻译有哪些你知道吗?下面是小编收集整理的医药专业英语翻译希望对你们有用。
Crutch Walking 拐杖行走
Crutches are often needed to increase a client's mobility. The use of crutches may be temporary (such as after ligament damage to the knee) or permanent (as with paralysis of the lower extremities). It is important that crutches be measured for the appropriate length and that clients be taught how to use them correctly. 为增加病人活动能力,常常需要用到拐杖。使用拐杖可能是临时的(如膝韧带损伤时),也可以是永久性的(如出现下肢瘫痪情况)。重要的是,拐杖应长短要测量适度,并教会病人如何正确使用拐杖。
Potential Nursing DiagnosesClient data derived during the assessment reveal defining characteristics to support the following nursing diagnoses in clients requiting this skill:
Impaired physical mobility
High risk for injury 潜在的护理诊断:
同坐位:
躯体活动障碍,
有受伤的危险
EquipmentTape measure
Goniometer
Rubber crutch tips
Wooden crutches 用具:
卷尺、测角仪、拐杖橡胶端头,木手杖。
STEPS 步骤及说明
1. Wash hands.
* Reduces transmission of microorganisms. 1.洗手
* 减少微生物传播
2. Measure for crutch length: 3 to 4 finger widths from axilla to a point 15 cm (6 inches) lateral to client's heel is standard
* Ensures that crutches are individualized to client's height. 2.测定拐杖高度:标准为:腋下3-4指宽处至病人脚跟向外15cm(6时)处的长度。
* 确保拐杖适合每个病人身高度。
3. Position crutch handgrips with elbows flexed at 20- to 25-degree angle. Ankle of elbow flexion should be verified by goniometer
* Prevents client's body weight from being supported by quduwen, which would result in nerve damage. 3.屈肘20-25度,放好拐杖把手;屈肘角度应用测角仪确定
* 避免病人体重的腋窝支撑,否则会导致神经损害。
4. Verify that distance between crutch pad and axilla is 3 to 4 finger widths
* Prevents axillary skin breakdown secondary to pressure from crutch pad. 4.核实拐杖垫与腋窝间有3-4指宽的距离
* 避免因拐杖垫压迫而引起腋窝皮肤裂开。
5. Instruct client to assume tripod stance. Tripod stance is formed when crutches are placed 15 cm (6 inches) in front and 15 cm to side of each foot
* Improves balance by providing wider base of support. No weight should be borne by quduwen. 5.指导病人采三角站立姿势。三角站立姿势;拐杖置于体前方15cm、离脚跟15cm的交接处
* 增加支撑面宽度,改善平衡。不得将体重压在腋窝。
6. Teach client one of four crutch-walking gaits. (Darkened areas on Figs. 28 to 30 represent weight-bearing areas):
* Allows client to ambulate safely. Specific type of gait chosen depends on client's impairment and physician's order. 6.教会病人使用四种持拐杖步行法中的一种
* 使病人行走安全。选用何种步法取决于病人的损伤情况及医生医嘱。
l Four-point alternating, or four-point gait, gives stability to client but requires weight bearing on both legs. Each leg is moved alternately with each crutch so three points of support are on floor at all times 四点轮替或四点法:采用本步法可使病人稳定,但要求将体重落于双腿。两腿随拐杖交替移动,因此,地面始终留下三个支撑点
l Three-point alternating, or three-point gait, requires client to bear all weight on one foot. Weight is borne on uninvolved leg, then on both crutches, and the sequence is repeated. Affected leg does not touch ground during early phase of three-point gait. Gradually client progresses to touchdown and full weight bearing on affected leg 三点轮替或三点步态:要求病人单脚承受全部体重。先由未受伤一脚承担全部体重,然后移至双拐,以此类推。在三点步法的初期,伤腿不接触地面。经过一段时间后,病人慢慢触地,直至全部体重移至患腿
l Two-point gait requires at least partial weight bearing on each foot. Client moves each crutch at same time as opposing leg so crutch movements are similar to arm motion during normal walking 两点步法:本法要求伤腿至少承担部分体重。病人在移动拐杖的同时移动相对的一条腿。拐杖运动正好与正常行走时的手臂运动相同
l Swing-through, or swing-to gait is frequently used by paraplegics who wear weight-supporting braces on their legs. With weight on supported legs, the client places crutches one stride in front and then swings to or through them while they support his weight. 迈越步/摇摆步态:本法通常用于双腿带有承重梏具的截瘫病人。先将体重落于支撑腿,病人随即将拐杖前移一步,然后,在双拐支撑体重时病人顺势向前摆动,越过拐杖。
7. Teach client to ascend and descend on stairs:
* Reduces risk of further damage to musculoskeletal system and risk of falling. 7.教病人上、下楼梯:
* 减少进一步损伤肌肉骨骼系统的危险及摔倒危险。
Ascend
l Assume a tripod position.
l Transfer body weight to crutches
l Advance unaffected leg between crutches and stair.
l Shift weight from crutches to unaffected leg
l Align both crutches on stair 上楼:
a.采三足鼎立位。
b.将体重移至拐杖
c.将未受伤腿前进至拐杖和楼梯之间。
d.将体重从拐杖移至未受伤腿
e. 调整双拐,使其处于同一直线
Descend
l Transfer body weight to unaffected leg
l Place crutches on stair and begin to transfer body weight to crutches, moving affected leg forward
l Align unaffected leg on stair with crutches 下楼:
a.将体重移至未受伤腿
b. 将双拐置于楼梯,开始将体重移至双拐,受伤腿向前移动
c. 调整楼梯上的受伤腿,使其与双拐成一直线
8. Teach client how to sit in chair and how to get up from chair:
* Provides safe method of sitting in and getting up from chair. Reduces further damage to client's musculoskeletal system and the risk of falling. 8. 教会病人如何在椅子上起坐。
* 提供安全的椅上起坐方法,减少病人肌肉骨骼系统进一步损伤及摔倒危险。
Sitting
l Client positioned at center front of chair with posterior aspects of legs touching chair
l Client holds both crutches in hand opposite affected leg. If both legs are affected, crutches are held in hand on client's strong side
l Client grasps arm of chair with other hand and lowers body into chair
Getting up
l Perform three steps above in reverse order. 坐:
a.病人位于椅子前面中央,两腿后面接触椅子
b.病人将双拐握于受伤腿对侧的手中。如双腿受伤,双拐应握于病人较为健康一侧的手中。
d. 病人用另一只手抓住椅子扶手,坐进椅子。
起:
按相反次序操作上述三步。
9. Wash hands.
* Reduces transmission of microorganisms. 9.洗手。
* 减少微生物传播。
10. Record gait and procedures taught and client's ability to perform gaits in nurse's notes.
* Documents teaching and client's learning. 10.记录所教步法及程序及病人实施步法的能力。
* 文件证明教育及病人学习情况。
Nurse AlertThe client with cognitive impairment or one who has received analgesics or tranquilizers may be unable to understand instructions or to ambulate safely with crutches. 注意事项:有认知障碍的病人或接受麻醉或镇静剂病人可能无法理解指导或用拐杖安全行走。
Client TeachingThe nurse should instruct the client that, because of the potential for axillary skin breakdown and nerve damage, he must not lean on his crotches to support his body weight. Rubber crutch tips should be replaced as they wear out, and they should remain dry. Worn or wet crutch tips decrease surface tension and increase the risk of falling. The client should be given a list of medical suppliers in his community so he can obtain repairs as well as new rubber tips, handgrips, and crutch pads. In addition, advise him that he should have spare crutches and tips on hand. 病人教育:
由于潜在腋窝皮肤裂开及神经损伤可能,护士应指导病人不能倚在双拐上,用双拐支撑其体重。橡胶拐杖头磨穿后应及时更换,并保持干燥。磨损或潮湿的拐杖头会降低其表面张力,增加摔倒危险。应将其社区医疗供应商名单告知病人,以便他获得修理服务及新的橡胶头、拐杖柄和拐杖垫。此外,应忠告病人应有备用的拐杖和拐杖头。
Geriatric ConsiderationsThe normal visual acuity and depth perception changes with aging may prevent the client from safely ascending or descending stairs with crutches. 老年:随年龄出现的正常视敏度和深度感知变化可能使病人无法借助双拐安全地下楼梯。
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努力从今天开始,成功从“零”开始。下面读文网小编为大家带来表扬孩子的句子英语翻译,欢迎大家阅读!
1、孩子,你一点也不笨。
2、诚实是做人的第一美德。
3、只要今天比昨天强就好。
4、跌到了,要自己爬起来。
5、你自己解决这个问题吧。
6、要学会控制自己的脾气。
7、我很高兴你有一颗同情心!
8、珍惜时间,就是珍惜生命。
9、你一定要自己走路去上学。
10、每个人都有值得学习的地方。
11、我相信你能找回学习的信心。
12、拿出男子汉的勇气,闯过来!
13、细致一点儿,再细致一点儿。
14、你想做的事情,由你自己决定。
15、相信你做得到,你一定会做到。
16、聪明出于勤奋,天才在于积累。
17、进步很大,希望你更上一层楼。
18、会提问的孩子,就是聪明的孩子!
19、孩子,做人要坦荡,待人要坦诚。
20、智者除了有所为,还能有所不为。
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笑话使人们在刻板的生活中感到一丝快意和放松,在人们的日常生活中起着重要调剂作用。下面读文网小编为大家带来趣味笑话英语翻译,欢迎大家阅读!
A young man was working in the produce section of a grocery store when a customer asked him for half a head of cabbage.
有一个年轻人在一家杂货店的农产部门工作,一天一位顾客要向他买半颗包心菜
"Sir, we don't sell half heads of anything. "
“先生,我们东西都没有卖半颗的。”
"Well, I insist; 1 0nly want half a head. "
“哎呀,我就买半颗,我只要半颗。”
"I'll ask the manager. "
“我要问问经理才行。”
The young man walked to the manager's office and, not realizing that the customer had followed him, said to the manager,
那名年轻人走到经理的办公室,不知道那位顾客尾随着他,他对经理说道:
"Sir, some asshole wants to buy just half a head of cabbage. "
“经理,有个浑蛋只要买半颗包心菜。”
Turning and noticing the customer, he quickly added,
他转身发现那名顾客,立刻又补充说:
"And this gentleman wants the other half. "
“而这位先生要买另一半。”
Later, the manager took the young man aside and said,
稍后,经理把他拉到一旁说道:
"That was quick thinking, young fellow. We can use bright lads like you. If I hear of a higher position opening up, I'll keep you in mind. "
“年轻人,你反应真快。我们需要像你这么聪明的人,如果有较高的职位空缺,我会记得你的。”
Sure enough, a few weeks later the manager told the young man that an assistant manager's spot had become vacant in the company's store in Edmonton.
几个星期之后,经理告诉那名年轻人在艾得蒙敦分店有个襄理的职位空缺。
"Edmonton!" blurted out the young man. "Why, there's nothing in Edmonton but hookers and hockey playersi"
“艾得蒙敦!”年轻人叫了出来,“那儿有的只是妓女和曲棍球选手而已。”
"Young man , my wife happens to come from Edmonton! "
“年轻人,我太太刚好来自艾得蒙敦!”
"No kidding, sir; what posltion does she play?"
“真的吗?经理,那她是打哪一个位置呢?”
以上就是读文网小编为大家带来的趣味笑话英语翻译,希望大家喜欢!
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英语美文用简单温暖的文字、真实动人的情感传达语言之美,让读者在阅读之后,感同身受,触动心灵。下面是读文网小编为大家带来生命哲理美文英语翻译,希望大家喜欢!
Throw out nonessential numbers. This includes age, weight and height. Let the doctor worry about them. That’s why you pay him/her.
一些无关紧要的数字不要挂怀,包括你的年龄、体重和身高。让医生来操心吧。因为他们收了你的报酬。
Keep only cheerful friends. The grouches pull you down.
结交快乐的朋友。整日愁眉不展只能让你雪上加霜。
Keep learning. Learn more about the computer, crafts, gardening, whatever. Never let the brain idle. "An idle mind is the devil’s workshop. And the devil’s name is Alzheimer’s."
学无止境。多学学电脑、手艺、园艺等等。不要让你的大脑闲置下来。无所事事是魔鬼的加工厂。魔鬼的名字叫"痴呆症".
Enjoy the simple things.
享受简单事物的乐趣。
Laugh often, long and loud. Laugh until you gasp for breath.
多笑,开怀大笑。上气不接下气地笑。
The tears happen. Endure, grieve, and move on. The only person who is with us our entire life, is ourselves. Be ALIVE while you are alive.
有泪就流。在忍耐和伤心过后,要继续前行。陪伴我们度过此生的只有一人--那就是我们自己。让生命鲜活起来。
Surround yourself with what you love, whether it’s family, pets, keepsakes, music, plants, hobbies, whatever. Your home is your refuge.
让你的所爱包围着你,无论是家人、宠物、纪念品、音乐、植物、爱好,什么都好。你的家就是避风港。
Cherish your health: If it is good, preserve it. If it is unstable, improve it. If it is beyond what you can improve, get help.
珍惜健康:如果它还好端端的,就好好地保护它。如果它反复无常,就调养好它。如果你已无力改善它了,就请别人帮忙吧。
Don’t take guilt trips. Take a trip to the mall, to the next country, to a foreign country, but NOT to where the guilt is.
别踏上犯罪的道路。你可以去逛街,可以到邻县去,可以出国旅行,但就是别踏上犯罪的道路。
Tell the people you love that you love them, at every opportunity.
把你的爱告诉你所爱着的人们,把握住每一个表达机会。
AND ALWAYS REMEMBER: Life is not measured by the number of breaths we take, but by the moments that take our breath away.
千万记住:度量生命的不是呼吸的次数,而是那些最最难忘的时刻。
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医药费就是去医院看病需要的费用,那么你知道医药费用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。
1. She is demanding reimbursement for medical and other expenses.
她正在索赔医药费和其他花费。
2. Wyrazik, it appears, was sending money to Kansas to help pay medical expenses for his father.
看来,怀拉兹克一直往堪萨斯寄钱,帮助他父亲付医药费.
3. Expensive drugs keep HIV - positive patients alive and healthy, perhaps indefinitely.
昂贵的医药费能够抑制HIV阳性患者维持生命,保持健康, 但这一现象是也不太确定(或许还能长期地延续这种状态).
4. They for the bladder operation with his college fund.
他们用他上大学的基金付了膀胱开刀的医药费.
5. Telephone, credit card bills and medical expenses required to pay on time.
电话费 、 信用卡票据和医药费需要准时付.
6. Medical expenses should also be the first advance.
医药费也应先垫付.
7. Having had so many medical bills to pay, Joe is now up a tree financially.
乔有那么多医药费要付, 因此他在经济上很困难.
8. She wants to go to HK to for her mother's medicine and for her children's education.
她希望来港工作支付母亲的医药费和子女的教育开支.
9. I will have to withdraw 10,000 dollars from my bank account to cover his medical expense.
我将不得不从我的银行帐户中取一万元去支付他的医药费.
10. A highest tendon of middle finger and forefinger ruptures, how much should medical expenses want?
中指和食指的最高的一节肌腱断裂, 医药费应该要多少 啊 ?
11. Finally she looked , and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention.
最后,她还是鼓起勇气,翻开了医药费通知单,旁边的那行小字引起了她的注意.
12. Kelly requested the business office to pass the final bill to him for approval.
凯利医生要求把医药费通知单送到他那里.
13. He was hurt while on the job. The company should pay for his medical expenses.
他是在工作中受伤的, 公司应该赔偿他的医药费.
14. The couple refinanced at a low interest rate to free up money for medical bills.
夫妇二人在利率低时货款来付医药费.
15. I want to get paid for all my expenses: auto repairs, medical and lost opportunities.
我希望我所有的费用都得到补偿: 汽车修理费 、 医药费和失去的机会.
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医药箱是指一个专门用来存放药品、医疗工具的箱子。有效的区分可以令抢救员快速拿取到相应的药品对伤员进行抢救。那么你知道医药箱用英语怎么说吗?接下来跟着读文网小编来学习一下吧。
急救医药箱 First aid kit
家庭医药箱 Family medicine chest
医药铁箱 medical pannier
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医药行业是我国国民经济的重要组成部分,是传统产业和现代产业相结合,一、二、三产业为一体的产业。那么你知道医药行业用英语怎么说吗?接下来跟着读文网小编来学习一下吧。
食品和医药行业 Industries of Foods and Pharmaceuticals
医药行业猎头顾问 Consultant Pharmaceutical Industry
医药行业上市公司 Medicine Industry Listed Companies
生物医药行业 biological medicine industry ;
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货架是仓库现代化和提高效率的重要工具,基本上现在到了随处可见的程度。今天读文网小编在这里为大家介绍货架用英语怎么说,欢迎大家阅读!
托盘货架 Pallet Racking
货架空间 Shelf Space
移动货架 Mobile racking
低货架 low shelving
供应货架 supermaket shelf
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罗斯福曾说过人生就象打橄榄球一样,不能犯规,也不要闪避球,而应向底线冲过去。想阅读更多名人名言,就不要错过下面读文网小编为大家带来经典名人名言英语翻译,欢迎大家阅读欣赏!
1、教育不能创造什么,但它能启发儿童创造力以从事于创造工作。——陶行知
Education can't create anything, but it can inspire children's creativity to engaged in creative work.
2、你无法改变全世界,你能做的就是改变你自己去适应它。——杰克逊·布朗
You can't change the world, you can do is to change yourself to adapt it.
3、成功与失败的分水岭,可以用这五个字来表达——我没有时间。——富兰克林
The watershed between success and failure, can use this five words to express, I have no time.
4、所有人都有长处。因此总有一些我们可以学习借鉴的地方。——山姆·沃尔顿
Everyone has strengths. So there is always something we can learn from.
5、毅力是成功的先决条件,如果你用力不断的敲门,总会有人应门的。——朗费罗
Persistence is a prerequisite for success, if you constantly knocking at the door hard, someone will always answers.
6、等你们六十岁的时候,你们就会珍惜由你们支配的每一个钟头了。——爱因斯坦
When your 60 years old, you will treasure every hour that dominated by you.
7、道德普遍地被认为是人类的最高目的,因此也是教育的最高目的。——赫尔巴特
Moral commonly thought to be the highest purpose of human, so is the supreme purpose of education.
8、人生是由哽咽哭泣及微笑所组成的一段过程,而其中更大的部分是哽咽。
Life is made up of SOB cry and smile of a process, and the greater part is choked.
9、懒鬼起来吧!别再浪费时间,将来在坟墓内有足够的时间让你睡的。——富兰克林
Slacker! In the future, don't waste time, in the tomb you have plenty of time to let you sleep.
10、要想做一个真正的英雄是没有选择余地的,往往是要么成功要么成仁。——希契科克
If you want to be a true hero is have no choice, tend to be either success or not.
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多做翻译句子练习,能够提高初二英语的学习成绩,下面读文网小编为大家带来初二英语翻译句子练习题及答案,欢迎大家翻译练习。
1. 这个八岁的男孩酷爱弹钢琴,以致于他坚持练琴叁年了。
The eight-year-old girl likes playing the piano ______much ______he has kept ______ for three years.
2. 我母亲经常在星期日打扫卫生,洗衣服。
My mother usually ______ some cleaning and ______ on Sundays.
3. 在今晚的聚会上我们肯定会玩得痛快。
We're ______ to have ______ at the party this evening.
4. 由于天气不好,校运会不得不推迟。
______ ______ the bad weather, the school sports meet had to ______ ______ ______.
5. 保护环境和发展经济同样重要。
Protecting environment is ______ ______ ______ developing economy.
6. 你是怎样与你的邻居相处融洽的?
______ can you get on well ______ your neighbours?
7. 刘老师是位非常亲切的老师,以致于我们把她当做自己的母亲。
Mrs. Liu is ______ ______ kind teacher______ we ______ her ______ our mother.
8. 他问我今天是否有空。
He asks me ______today.
9. 下定决心努力学习吧,你迟早会成功的。
Make______ ______ ______to work hard, ______ you‘ll succeed ______ ______ ______.
10. 李明是个热心肠的人,他经常帮助那些有困难的人。
Li Ming is a warm-hearted man and he often ______ the people in trouble ______.
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《呼啸山庄》是英国女作家勃朗特姐妹之一艾米莉·勃朗特的作品,小说充满强烈的反压迫、争幸福的斗争精神,又始终笼罩着离奇、紧张的浪漫气氛,十分值得我们一看。下面读文网小编为大家带来呼啸山庄经典段落英语翻译,希望大家喜欢!
I left him there, and proceeded down the valley alone. The grey church looked greyer, and thelonely churchyard lonelier. I distinguished a moor sheep cropping the short turf on the graves. It wassweet, warm weather--too warm for travelling; but the heat did not hinder me from enjoying thedelightful scenery above and below: had I seen it nearer August, I'm sure it would have tempted meto waste a month among its solitudes. In winter nothing more dreary, in summer nothing moredivine, than those glens shut in by hills, and those bluff, bold swells of heath.
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