为您找到与医学英语教程相关的共202个结果:
下面读文网小编为大家带来医学知识英语阅读,欢迎大家学习!
Tell someone enduring life in the desert or jungle that “it's not the heat; it's the humidity,” and you might find yourself with a heated conversation on your hands.
High temperatures of any kind often are uncomfortable and can be deadly, especially when supplemented with 50 pounds of gear on your back.
But humidity takes on a different meaning when you strip away the heavy equipment, add running shoes, shorts and a T-shirt and hit the road.
Of course, low humidity and high temperatures also might produce serious heat-related injuries such as dehydration, heat exhaustion or heatstroke. If the body can't cool itself and isn't properly hydrated, even in mild temperatures, all of these are possible.
But on the road – from a 5-kilometer race to a marathon – humidity is even more devastating to the unprepared runner.
When running, the body's goal is to cool itself. As its temperature rises, the body begins to perspire; the air causes evaporation of perspiration and cools the body. Increase humidity, however, and body heat rises while the evaporation process – and workout progress – slows.
A main reason is that moist air does not provide a “drying” effect on damp skin. With limited ability to evaporate moisture, the cooling effect is reduced, which can lead to heat exhaustion or heatstroke.
Remarkably, however, high humidity's most noticeable side effect might be a misconception.
Thick, moist air typically gives runners the impression they can't get enough oxygen with each breath. But the “limited oxygen” theory is just that, a theory. The body holds onto a small percentage of oxygen with each breath, and the rest is exhaled. So whether the humidity prevents the intake of adequate oxygen is up for debate.
Breathing more likely becomes labored not because of a lack of oxygen with each breath, but because the body is running hotter and needs more oxygen to cool itself.
A few adjustments and a bit of acclimation can reduce high humidity's effects during a run.
First, avoid running during the hottest part of the day, between 11 a.m. and 6 p.m. Many runners prefer evening workouts, and this is better than in the heat of the day, but early-morning runs usually are cooler, and overall air quality is better.
Second, hydration is even more important in high humidity, since the body's cooling ability is reduces.
Finally, humidity's negative effects decline as runners become acclimated to a warm, moist climate. It doesn't happen overnight, so maintain workout schedules and give the body at least two weeks to adjust.
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下面读文网小编为大家带来医学英语经典阅读,欢迎大家学习!
As the hibernating bear inside of us wakes with the warm temperatures, many hit the running trails, walking paths and softball fields. However, a common problem that newly renewed exercise enthusiasts have is overtraining. This overuse, according to physical therapist Melinda Tarquinio, can lead to injury.
Sometimes, it's the 20-to-40-year-old crowd getting sore shoulders from too much softball and not enough stretching, Tarquinio said. But injuries also happen outside the realm of physical training. “Some people just doing everyday activities such as cutting their grass,” she said. Tarquinio said many patients write off their injuries as simple soreness and keep playing or exercising, causing more damage.
Ignored injuries can become chronic injuries, and “the inflammatory process keeps occurring over and over. If it's something where you strained a tendon, then it becomes tendonitis. It's going to weaken that muscle and take longer to heal,” Tarquinio said.
Daniel Higgins, a physical therapist, said injuries can cause a domino effect of ailments when not treated. “When the body is not ready for all that kind of stress, it leads up to some kind of injury,” he said. “It's not one big injury. It's a tiny little injury that happens a hundred times and, then, the tissue becomes irritated or inflamed. … Now, you are at risk for injury in other structures because everything is not working together like it should.”
One way to prevent these injuries is to stay active year-round. Any physical activity should be undertaken gradually and include cardiovascular, flexibility and strength exercises, Tarquinio said.
Another key to preventing injuries is through stretching and increasing flexibility. Tarquinio recommends a five-to-ten-minute warm-up, such as walking or biking, followed by stretching the major muscle groups, which include the leg muscles, large back muscles, chest and shoulders. Hold each stretch at least 30 seconds, performing each stretch two or three times. After working out, stretch again.
However, if you feel that you might have a sports-related injury, seek help from a physician. “If it's something that does not go away within five to seven days, I would seek a doctor's opinion,” Tarquinio said. If you do not feel that your injury is serious enough to warrant a trip to the doctor, Tarquinio recommends treating the injury – within the first 72 hours – using the “RICE” method: rest, ice, compression and elevation.
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下面读文网小编为大家带来医学英语临床相关词汇,欢迎大家学习!
Ibuprofen 布洛芬
Leishmania donovani 杜氏利什曼原虫
Leishmaniasis 利什曼病
MN glycophorin MN血型糖蛋白
Mesoderm 中胚层
MMR vaccine (measles, mumps, rubella) 麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹三联疫苗
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Tubercle bacillus, TB) 结核杆菌
Necator americanus 美洲板口线虫
Negri body 内基小体
Nematode 线虫
Neopallium 新脑皮层
Neostigmine 新斯的明
Northern blot RNA分子杂交印迹法
Okazaki fragment 冈崎片段
Pagumogonimus skrjabini 斯氏狸殖吸虫
Pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢子虫
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 绿脓杆菌
Purkinje fiber 蒲肯野纤维
Purkinje fiber 蒲肯野纤维
Purkinje system 蒲肯野系统
Rathke pouch 拉特克囊
S phase delay S时相延迟
Salmonella typhi 伤寒沙门菌
Sarcoptes scabiei 人疥螨
Seoul virus 汉城型病毒
Shigella 志贺菌属
Southern blot Southern印迹
Schistosoma haematobium 埃及血吸虫
Schistosoma japomicum 日本血吸虫
Schistosoma mansoni 曼氏血吸虫
Schistosomiasis 血吸虫病
Schuffner's dots 薛氏小点
Spirometra mansoni 曼氏迭宫绦虫
Taurine 牛磺酸
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小编为大家整理了一些医学考研英重点英语写作,一起来学习吧!
emotional strength 情感的力量
the noblest of human emotions人类最高尚的情感
no thought of gain不计得失
the lamp of love爱心之灯
help the victims of natural disasters支援自然灾害受害者
donate whatever they can倾囊相助
help their needy fellow citizens 帮助有需要的同胞
be ready to give a helping hand 随时准备伸出援手
When we use the word “love”, we do not simply mean an attraction to a person of the opposite sex, which is a very narrow definition of the word. Love is emotional strength, which can support us no matter how dark the world around us becomes. In fact, throughout history people of many different cultures have regarded love as the noblest of human emotions.
As an example of the power of love, we should remember how the Chinese people of all nationalities respond to the call to help the victims of natural disasters every year. Although their incomes are still low by international standards, people all over the country do not hesitate to donate whatever they can ― be it money or goods ― to help their needy fellow citizens. Moreover, they do this with no thought of gain for themselves.
In my opinion, the best way to show love is to help people who are more unfortunate than we are. We should always be ready to give a helping hand to those who are in trouble, no matter whether they are family members or complete strangers. In this way, we can help to make the world a better place, for the darker the shadows of sorrow become, the more brightly the lamp of love shines.
当我们用“爱”这个词时,我们不仅仅指异性对一个人的吸引,这只是对这个词非常狭隘的解释。爱心是一种情感的力量,不论我们周围的世界多么黑暗,爱心都能支撑我们。事实上,纵观历史,不同文化背景的人都把爱看成是人类最高尚的情感。
说到爱心的力量,我们马上就会想起每年中国各族人民是如何响应号召支援自然灾害受害者的。尽管按照国际标准他们的收入还处于低水平,全国人民毫不犹豫地倾囊相助――不管是钱还是物――帮助那些有需要的同胞。而且,他们这么做并不考虑自己的得失。 医学教|育网搜集整理
我认为,表达爱心的最好方式是帮助比我们更加不幸的人。我们应该随时准备向有困难的人伸出援助之手,无论他们是家庭成员还是素昧平生。这样,我们就能够助一臂之力把世界变成一个更美好的地方,因为,悲伤的阴影越黑暗,爱心之灯的光芒就越闪亮。
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医学英语是与大学英语相延续的专业英语的学习内容。下面小编为大家分享基础医学英语翻译,希望对大家有用。
electronic scanner 电子扫描仪
electronic screen 电子显示荧光屏
electronic sector ultrasonic cardiotomograph 扇型扫描式超声心动断层检查仪
electronic sensor 电子传感器
electronic shutter 电动快门
electronic simulation 电子模拟
electronic simulator 电子模拟器
electronic skin tester 电子皮试仪
electronic sphygmomanometer 电子血压计
electronic spiro-analyzer 呼吸功能自动分析仪,电子肺量分析仪
electronic sterilization 电子灭菌法
electronic stethoscope 电子听诊器
electronic stimulator 电刺激器
electronic test instrument 电子测试仪器
electronic thermometer 电子测温计
electronic thermostat 电子恒温器
electronic timer 电子定时器
electronic tracer 电子描绘器
electronic universal dilatometer 电子通用膨胀计
electron interferometer 电子干扰仪
electron micrograph 电子显微镜检查,电子显微照片
electron microscope 电子显微镜,电镜
electron microscope with a magnification of , times 八十万倍电子显微镜
electron microscopic autoradiography 电镜自动射线照像术
electron multiplier 电子倍增器
electronogram 电子衍射图
electronograph 电子显微照片
electron pair 电子对,电子偶
electron paramagnetic resonance (abbr. EPR) 电子顺磁共振
electron radiography 电子放射照像术
electron scanning micrograph 电子扫描显微照片
electron tube 电子管
electronystagmogram (abgr. ENG) 眼震电流描记图
electronystagmograph 眼震电流描记器
electronystagmogroaphy 眼震图描记术
electro-oculogram(abgr. EOG) 眼电(流)图
electro-oculography 眼电(流)描记法
electro-osmosis 电渗
electro-osmotic 电渗的
electropathy 电疗法,电疗学
electrophone 电助听器
electrophonocardiograph 电心音描记器
electrophonoide 电助听器训练器(治慢性耳聋)
electrophore ①电泳 ②电离子透入法
electrophoregram 电泳图
electrophoresis ①电泳 ②电离子透入法
electrophresis apparatus 电泳仪
electrophoresis chamber 电泳槽
electrophoresis gel 电泳凝胶
electrophoresis method 电泳法
electrophoresis scanner 电泳扫描仪
electrophoretic display 电泳显示器
electrophoretic pattern 电泳图型
electrophoretogram 电泳图
electrophorogram 电泳图
eoectrophorus 起电盘
electrophotography 电照像术
electrophotometer 光电比色计
electrophysiological amplifier 电生理放大器
electrophysiology 电生理学
electroplexy 电休克
electropneumograph 电呼吸描记器
electropositive 阳电性的,正电性的
electropsychrometer 电测湿度计
electropuncture 电针术
electropradiology 电放射学
electroradiometer 电放射性测量仪
electroreceptor 电感受器
electroresction 电切除术
electro-respirator 电动呼吸机
electroretinogram(abbr. ERG) 视网膜电(流)图
electroretinograph 视网膜电(流)描记器,视网膜电图仪
electroretinography 视网膜电圈学
electrosalivogram 涎腺电(流)图
electroscope 验电器,静电测量器
electrosection 电切除术
electroshock 电休克
electrosinogram 心窦电(流)图
electroskiagraphy X 射线照像术
electro-sleep appatatus 电睡眠机
electrosol 金属电胶液
electrospectrogram 电光谱图
electrospectrography 电光谱描记术
electrosphygmobarometer 电子眼底血压计
electro-sphygmomanometer 电子血压计
electro-spinal stimulation instrument 脊骨也刺激仪
electrospinogram 脊髓电(流)图
electrostatic accelerator 静电加速器
electrostatic attraction 静电吸引
electrostatic diathermy unit 静电电疗机
electrostatic equipment 静电装置
electrostatic generator 静电发电机
electrostatic precipitator 静电除尘器
electrostatics 静电学
electrostatic voltmeter 静电伏特计
electro-sternum saw 电动胸骨锯
electrostethograph 电心音描记器
electrostethophone 电扩音听诊器
electro-stimulation analyzer 电刺激分析仪
electro-stimulation therapy unit 电兴奋治疗机
electro-stimulator 电刺激器
electro-stomach irrigator 电动洗胃机
electro-striatogram 纹状体电(流)图
electrosurgery 电外科
electrosurgical knife 手术用电刀
electrosurgical unit 电灼器,电手术器械
electro-thalamogram 丘脑电(流)图
electro-therapeutic apparatus 电疗仪
electrotherapy 电疗法
electrotherapy apparatus 电疗设备
electrotherapy room 电疗室
electrotherm 电热器
electrothermic laryngoscope 电热喉镜
electothermometer 电子体温计
electrotome 电刀
electrotomy 电切除术
electro-tonometer 电眼压计
electrotonus 电紧张
electro-traction massage bed 电动牵引按摩床
electrotrephine 电圆锯,脑用电动圆锯
electroureterogram 输尿管电(流)图
electrovacuum extractor 电动真空吸引器
electrovagogram 迷走神经电(流)图
electrovection 电导入法
electrovectrocardioscope 心电向量检查仪
electroventriculogram 心室电(流)图
electro-vibrator ①电按摩器 ②电振动器
element (化学)元素,单元,成分
elemental analyser 元素分析仪
elementary 元素的,基础的,初级的
eleometer 油度计,油比重计
elevation 上升,隆凸,挺起
elevator ①骨撬,牙挺,起子 ②升降机
eliminator 消除器,抑制器
ellipse 椭圆形
ellipsometer 椭圆率计
eluant 洗提液,洗脱剂
elutriating apparatus 淘析器,洗提器
elutriator 淘析器,洗提器
eluxation 脱位
elytreurynter 阴道扩张袋
elytro- 阴道
elytrorrhaphy 阴道缝术
EM (electron microscope) 电子显微镜
emanation 射气,放出物
emanator 射气投置
emanometer 氡射线计,射气计
emanotherapy 射气疗法
emasculator 去睾器
embed 包埋,植入
embedded electrode 埋入电极
embedded type 埋入式
embedding 包埋,埋植
emboli 栓子
emboliform 楔形的,栓子状的
embolism 栓塞
embrasure hook 楔形隙钩
embryo 胚,胚胎
embryoctony 碎胎术
embryograph 胚胎描记器
embryography 胚胎描记法
embryoscope 胚胎发育观察器
embryotome 碎胎刀
embryotomy 碎胎术
embryotomy forceps 碎胎钳
embryotomy knife 碎胎刀
embryotomy scissors 碎胎剪
embryulcus 牵胎钩,牵胎术用钳子
emergency ①急症 ②意外,紧急
emergency alarm bell 报警铃
emergency cart 急诊用推车
emergency case 急救盒,急救箱
emergency light 故障信号灯
emergency resuscitator 急救用复苏器
emergency room 争诊室
emergent light 出射光
emery paper 砂纸
emery wheel 砂轮
EMF; e. m. f.(electromotive force) 电动势
EMG (①electromyogram ②electromyograph) 肌(动)电(流)图,肌电图机
EMG electronic stimulator 肌电图电子刺激器
emission 放射,发射,传播
emission electron 发射电子
emission spectrum 发射光谱
emissivity 发射率
emitron 光电摄象管
emitter 发射器,放射体
Emmet's needle 埃梅特氏(弯)针,有柄粗弯针
Emmet's retractor 埃梅特氏牵开器,自留阴道牵开器
emphraxis 闭塞,阻塞
emplastic bougie 铸型探条
empyema 脓胸,积脓
empyema apparatus 抽脓器
empyema trocar 脓胸套针
empyema tube 脓胸引流管
EMS (electron microscope) 电子显微镜
emulgator 乳化器,乳化剂
emulsification 乳化(作用)
emulsifier 乳化器,乳化剂
emulsifying agent 乳化剂
emulsion 乳胶,感光乳剂
emgloves 乳胶手套
emulsor 乳化器,乳化剂
EMXA (electron microprobe X-ray analyzer) 电子微探针X 射线分析仪
enamel bur 牙釉质钻
enamel chisel 牙釉质凿
enamel cleaver 牙釉质凿刀
enamel cutter 牙釉凿羡刀
enamel needle 釉质电烙针
enamel square tray 搪瓷方盘
enantiomorph 镜像体,对映体
encephalion 小脑
encephalo- 脑
encephalo-arteriography 脑动脉造影术
encephalogram 脑造影片,脑X 射线照片
encephalograph 脑造影片
encephalography 脑造影术
encephalometer 脑搏动计,脑域测定器
encephalon 脑
encephaloscope 脑镜,窥脑器
encephaloscopy 脑镜检查法
encephalotome 脑刀
encephalotomy 脑切开术
enclose 包装,密封,附入
enclosure ①附件 ②外壳,套
encoder 编码器
end-; endo- 内腔,内部
endarterectomy 动脉内膜切除术
endarterectomy instument 动脉内膜切除器械
endarterectomy scissors 动脉内膜切除剪
endarterectomy set 动脉内膜切除器
endaural retractor 耳内牵开器
enb cut dur 端切钻
endo- 内腔,内部
endobronchial airway 支气管内导气管
endorbonchial suction catheter 支气管内吸引导管
endo-camera 内窥镜照像机
endocardiac mapping 心内膜电位图
endocardial 心内膜的,心内的
endocardiography 心内心(动)电(流)描记法
endocardium 心内膜
endocurlar probe 眼内探头(激光仪用)
endodiascope 体腔X 线管
endodiascopy 体腔X 线检查
endogenous 内生的,内源的
endometrial biopsy curette 子宫内膜活检刮匙
endometrial curette 子宫内膜刮匙
endometrial implants 子宫内膜植入片
endometry 内腔容积测定法
endomyocardiol bioptome 心肌活检钳
endoradiography 体腔X 射线照像术,体腔造影术
endoradiosonde 体腔无线电测压器(如测肠腔内压)
endoscope 内窥镜,内腔镜
endoscope adapter 内窥镜摄像接头
endoscope cabinet 内窥镜柜
endoscope for anaethesia 麻醉用窥镜
endoscope washer 内窥镜自动洗净器
endoscopic examining chair 内窥镜检查椅
endoscopic film projector 内窥镜照片投影仪
endoscopic injector 内窥镜注射器
endoscopic screen viewer 内窥镜屏幕观察器
endoscopic suction pump 内窥镜吸引泵
endoscopy 内窥镜检查
endosmometer 内渗压测定器
endostethoscope 食管内听心器
endo-stroboscope 喉动态镜
endothelium 内皮
endothermal 吸热的,收热的
endotherm knife 电热刀
endothermy 透热法,高频电透热法
endotome 胎儿断头剪
endotoscope 耳(内)镜
endotracheal airway 气管内导气管
endotracheal connector 气管内接管
endotracheal intubator 气管内插管器
endotracheal tube 气管内导管
end-point titrator 终点滴定器
enduser 用户
end-window counter 钟罩型计数器
enema 灌肠法,灌肠剂
enema bag 灌肠袋
enema can 灌肠罐
enemal ware 搪瓷器皿
enema syringe 灌肠注射器
enemator 灌肠器
energetics 能量学
energometer 脉能测量器,脉能计
energometry 能量测定法
energy 能(量)
energy meter 能量计,功率计
energy regulator 能量调整器
energy scale 能量标准
energy source 能源
energy spectrum 能谱
energy transducer 换能器
ENG (electronystagmogram) 眼震颤电(流描记)图
engagement ①衔接 ②约定,契约
engine (牙)钻机,发动机
engine arm 牙机臂
engine bit 牙钻
engineer ①工程师,技师 ②设计,计划
engineering 工程学,工程(技术)
engine mallet 牙机锤
engine speed indicator 转速指示器
enlarge forceps 扩大钳
enlargement 扩大,放大
enlarge needle 扩大针
enlarger 放大机,放像机
enlarging bur 扩大钻
enquiry 询价,查询
E. N. T.(ear, nose, throat) 耳鼻喉
E. N. T. drill 耳鼻喉科用钻
enteral 肠的,肠内的
entero- 肠
enterocleaner 肠冲洗器
enterocoelia 腹腔
enterogram 肠动描记图
enterograph 肠动描记器
enterography 肠动描记法
enterometer 小肠腔测量器
enteron 肠
enteroscope 肠(窥)镜,肠内视镜
enteroscopy 肠镜检查
enterotome 肠刀
enterotomy scissors 肠切开剪
enterotribe 夹肠器
enterotriptor 夹肠器
enterprise 事业(单位),企业(单位)
entity 实在,本质,实体
entogenous 内生的,内源的
entome 尿道刀
entopic 正常位置的,正位的
entoptoscope 眼内媒质镜,眼内视镜
entoptoscopy 眼内镜检查
entrainment 输送,传输,引开
entrance ①入口,进入 ②引入线
entropion 睑内翻
entropion knife 睑内翻刀
entropium forceps 睑内翻镊,翻眼镊
entropy ①熵 ②平均信息量
entrust 委托,信任
entry ①项目,条款 ②输入,入口
E. N. T. treatment chair 耳鼻喉科治疗椅
E. N. T. treatment unit 耳鼻喉科综合治疗台
enucleate 剜出,摘除
enucleation hook 剜出钩(眼)
enucleation knife 剜出刀
enucleation snare 眼球摘除圈套器
enucleator 剜出器,摘除器
enumerable 可数的
enumerator 计数器
envelope 封皮,外壳,套
envelope for dental X-ray film 牙科X 射线胶片套
environment ①环境,外界 ②包围,围绕
environmental hygiene 环境卫生
enzyme 酶
enzyme analyser 酶分析仪
enzyme electrode 酶电极
enzyme reaction velocity measuring device 酶反应速度测定器
EOG (electro-oculogram) 眼电(流)图
eolipyle 烧灼酒精灯
eosin 伊红,曙红
EP (electrophoresis) 电泳
EPC (echophonocardiograph) 心音回声描记器
epicardial mapping 心表面电位图
epicardium 心外膜
epidemic prerention vehicle 防疫车
epiderm 表皮
epidiascope 反射幻灯机
epidural canula 硬膜外套管
epidural needle 硬膜外针
epidurography 硬膜外腔造影术
epiglottis retractor 会厌牵开器
epilating forceps 拔毛钳
epilation 拔毛,除毛法
epiphysiometer (骨)骺测量器
episcope ①反射投影灯 ②物面检查器
episiotomy 外阴切开术
episiotomy scissors 会阴剪,外阴切开剪
epistaxis canula 鼻衄套管
epithelia 上皮
epithelial peg 上皮钉
epithesis ①矫正术 ②夹板
epoxide 环氧化物
epoxy resin 环氧树脂
EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) 电子顺磁共振
EPSP (excitatory post-synaptic potential) 兴奋性突触后电位
equalizer 均值器,均衡器,补偿器
equation 方程,等式
equator 赤道,中纬线
equatorial 赤道仪
equatoriat plane 赤道面
equi- 相等
equilibration 平衡,均势
equilibrator 平衡器
equilibrium 平衡
equilibrium constant 平衡常数
equipment (abbr. Eq.; equip.) 设备,装置,仪器
equipotentiality 等位性,等势性
equivalence 等值,等量
equivalent ①等效,等值(的) ②当量
equivocal 两可的,双关的
Er(erbium) 铒
eraser 抹音器,消磁器
erasion ①刮术 ②抹掉
erbium (abbr. Er) 铒
erbium laser 铒激光器
ERD(evoked response detector) 诱发应测定器
erect image 正像
ERG(electroretinogram) 视网膜电流图
ergo- 工作,力,动力
ergocardiogram 心电动力图
ergocardiography 心电动力描记术
ergodynamograph 肌动力描记器
ergoesthesiograph 肌动感觉描记器
ergogram 肌力描记波,测力图
ergograph 肌动力描记器,测力器
ergography 测力法,肌力描记法
ergometer 测力计,肌力计
ergostat 练肌器
eriometer 微粒直径测量器(检红细胞直径)
erisiphake 晶状体吸盘
erisophake 晶状体吸盘
ERPF (effective renal plasma flow) 有效肾血浆流量
erratic 游走的,移动的
error 误差,错误
error counter 误差计数器
error detector 误差检测器
ERT(electrical resistance thermometer) 电阻体温计
ERV (expiratory reserve volume) 呼气储气量
erysiphake 晶状体吸盘
erythro- 红
erythrocyte 红细胞,红血球
erythrocyte sedimentation 红细胞沉降,血沉
erythrocytometer 红细胞计数器
erythrogram 红细胞图像
erythrometer 红细胞计数器
erythrometry 红细胞计数法
Es(einsteinium) 锿
Es(①electric stimulation ②electron spectrometer) ①电刺激 ②电子分光计
ESO(esophagoscopy) 食管内窥镜检查
eso- 在内,向内
esophageal 食管的
esophageal bougie 食管探条
esophageal cardiogram 食管心动图
esophageal dilator 食道扩张器
esophageal forceps 食管钳
esophageal foreign body forceps 食物异物镊
esophageal nasogastric tube 食道鼻胃管
esophageal probe 食管探子
esophageal retractor 食管牵开器
esophageal scissors 食管剪
esophageal sound 食管探子
esophageal stethoscope 食管听诊器
esophageal tube 食道导管
esophago- 食道,食管
esophagofiberscope 食管纤维内窥镜
esophagogastroscopy 食客胃镜检查
esophagogram 食管X 射线(照)片
esophagography 食管X 射线照像术
esophagometer 食管长度计
esophagoscope 食管镜,食道镜
esophagoscopy 食管镜检查
esophagotome 食管刀
esophagram 食管X 射线照片
esophagus biopsy forceps 食管活体取样钳
esophagus cell adopter 食道细胞寻取器
esophagus foreign forceps 食道异物钳
ESR (①erythrocyte sedimentation rate ②electron spin resonance) ①红细胞沉降率(血沉) ②
电子自旋共振
essential 必需的,特有的,基本的
essential accessory 必需附件
ester 酯
esthesia 感觉
esthesio- 感觉
esthesiography 感觉描记法
esthesiometer 触觉测量器,触觉计
esthesiometry 触觉测量法
estimate ①估价单 ②估算
estimated time of arrival (abbr. ETA) 预计抵达日期
estimate sheet 估价单
esu.(electrostatic unit) 静电单位
ETA (electrothermal analyzer) 电热分析器
ethanol 乙醇,醇,酒精
ether 醚,乙醚
ether air anesthesia unit 空气麻醉机
ether anesthetic mouth gag 全麻开口器
ether bag 乙醚袋
ether bed 乙醚苏醒床
ether bubbler 乙醚扩散器
ether cone 乙醚罩
ether drop bottle 乙醚滴瓶
ether inhaler 乙醚吸入面罩
etherioscope 测醚镜
ether mask 乙醚面罩
etherometer 乙醚滴定器
ether spray 乙醚喷雾
ethmoid 筛骨
ethmoid curette 筛骨刮匙
ethmoid forceps 筛窦钳
ethylene 乙烯
ethylene oxide sterilizer 环氧乙烷消毒器
Eu (europium) 铕
eudiometer ①空气纯度测定仪 ②量气管
eugenics 优生学
eugenol cement 丁香油粘固粉
eupatheoscope 空气温度测量仪(测综合气象因素)
eupathescope 空气温度测量仪(测综合气象因素)
europium(abbr. Eu) 铕
eurynter 扩张器
euscope 映像显微镜,显微映像器
Eustachian catheter 欧氏管导管(咽鼓管导管)
Eustachian catheter nozzle 咽鼓管导管嘴
eutectic ice 共融泳,盐泳
euthyscope 直视镜
EV (evoked response) 诱发反应
eV (electron volt) 电子伏特
evacuate 排除,排空,排泄
evacuating catheter 排尿管
evacuator 排泄器,排出器
evaluation 评价,估价,鉴定
evaluator 鉴定机,识别器
evaporate 蒸发
evaporating basin 干燥盆,蒸发盆
evaporating dish 蒸发皿
evaporator 蒸发器
evaporometer 蒸发计
evaporoscope 蒸发镜
eventration treatment 露脏X 射线治疗
EVG (electrovaginogram) 阴道电(流)图
evil (疾)病
E-viton 紫外线单位(紫外线照射有效生物剂量)
evoke 诱发,唤起
evoked potential measuring system 脑干电位测量系统
evoked potential system 激发电位系统
evoked response recorder 诱发反应记录仪
evolution 进化,演化
evolutionism 进化论
ex- 出,离,除,从
ex (free out of) 交货(船边,码头),无(线利)
exact dentimeter 精确牙测量器
exactolfactometer 精密嗅觉计
examinating couch 检查床
examinating light 检查灯
examination 检查,诊察
examination gloves 检查用手套
examination lamp 检眼灯
examiner 检查者
examining chair 诊查椅
examining table 检查台
examining telescope 检查窥镜
excavating bur 牙挖钻
excavation ①陷凹 ②挖除
excavator 挖匙,剜器
excerpt 摘录,选择
exchange key 交换键
exchanger ①交换器 ②交换剂
exchange syringe 互换注射器
exchange transfusion tray 输血盘
excipient 赋形剂
excising forceps 切断钳
excision 切除术
exciftability 应激性,兴奋性
excitation 刺激,兴奋
excitation filter 感光滤光片
exciting electrode 刺激电极
excochleation 刮除术
excrement 粪便
excrement collector 粪便收集器
excretion 排泄,分泌
excretion urography 排泄性尿路造影术
exercise 练习,操练,运动
Ex dock 码头交货价
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医学英语作为对外学术交流学习的工具越来越重要,就本校已经具备相当听说读写能力且大部分学生已经通过大学英语四级或六级的国际护理专业学生来说,作为必修的专业医学英语课程应该是帮助培养学生用英语吸收相关专业信息,拓宽专业知识,查阅医学文献,培养其未来的学术交流和科研的能力。下面小编为大家分享医学翻译英语,希望对大家有用。
heredity 遗传
hermetic 密封的,不漏气的
hermetic container 密闭容器
hermetically sealed container 熔封容器
hernia 疝
hernia forceps 疝钳
hernia knife 疝刀
hernia needle 疝针
hernia probe 疝探针
hernia repositor 疝复位器,疝套入器
hernia retractor 疝牵开器
hernia truss 疝气带
herniotome 疝刀
hertz(abbr.Hz) 赫(兹),每秒周数(振次单位)
hetero- 异,不同
heterodrome 异向电流,负感电流
heterogeneous 不均匀的,异质的
heteroscope 斜视镜,斜视计
heterotropia knife 斜视刀
heurteloup 吸血杯,吸血器,人工蛭
hexagon 六角形,六边形
hexagonal wrench 六边形扳手
Hey's saw 黑氏锯(能扩大骨之孔洞的小锯)
Hf(hafnium) 铪
HF(high frequency) 高频
HFAK(hollow fiber artificialkidney) 中空纤维人工肾
hg(hydrargyrum) 汞,水银
high forceps 高位钳
high frequency 高频率
high frequency amplifier 高频放大器
high frequency barrel polisher 高频样式磨光机
high frequency buzzer 高频蜂鸣器
high frequency cautery 高频电灼器
high frequeney centrifugal casting machine 高频离心铸造机
high frequency electric knife 高频电刀
high frequency electrosurgicalunit 高频电灼手术器
high frequency electrotome 高频电刀
high frequency generator 高频振荡器,高频发生器
high frequency oscillograph 高频示波器
high frequency surgical unit 高频电刀,高频电切器
high frequency tube generator 高频管发生器
high gain amplifier 高增益放大器
high intensity cold light supply 高亮度冷光源
high intensity transilluminator 高强度穿透照明器
high labial wire 高(位)唇丝
high light 光线最强部分,辉亮部分
high output laser system 高输出激光系统
high pass filter 高通滤波器
high performance liquid chromatograph 高效液相色谱仪
high power 高倍(镜)
high powered X-ray apparatus 高能X 射线诊断机
high power lens 高倍镜
high power microscope 高倍显微镜
high power ocular 高倍目镜
high precision pump 高精度流量控制器(液相色谱用)
high precision scanner 高精度扫描器
high pressure equipment 高压设备
high pressure injector 高压注射器
high pressure rectifier tube 交流整流管
high pressure steam sterilizer 高压蒸汽消毒器
high pressure sterilizer 高压消毒器
high resolution monochromator 高分辨率单色仪
high resolution real-time scanner 高分辨率实时扫描仪
high speed centrifuge 高速离心机
high speed filter 高速滤器
high speed handpiece 高速机头(牙科)
high speed refrigerated centrifuge 高速冷冻离心机
high tension 高压
high tension cable 高压电缆
high tension generator 高压发生器
high tension unit 高压装置
high tracheoscopy 高位气管镜检查
high vacuum 高度真空
high voltage 高压
high voltage chromatograph 高压色谱仪
high voltage electrophoresis apparatus 高压电泳仪
high voltage power supply 高压电源
high voltage rectifier 高压整流器
hinged tray 铰链托盘
hip ①人造股骨头 ②髋部
hip bath 臀部浴盆,坐浴盆
hip cap 股骨头帽
hip joint 髋关节
hip nail 股骨钉,三棱钉
His bundle electrogram(abbr.HBE) 希斯氏束心电图,房室束电图
histic 组织的
histo- 组织
histoautoradiograph 组织放射自显影照片
histo-cryotome 低温组织切片机
histogram 直方图,柱形图
historadiograph 组织射线照片
history 史,病史,历史
histotome 组织切片机
histotomy 组织切片术
HLD(half lethal dose) 半数致列剂量
HLM(heart lung machine) 心肺机
HMO (heart minute output) 心脏每分钟输出量
Ho(holmium) 钦
hoe scaler 剥离钳
hoist bed 病人扶持器,病人升降床/器
holder ①托,座,柄 ②持器,持…器
holding tooth baseplate 托牙基底板
hole conduction 空穴传导
hole current 空穴电流
hole saw 钻孔锯,环锯
hole storage 空穴存储,储孔
hollow ①空心的,中空的 ②穴,凹
hollow director 有槽探子
hollow fiber dialyzer 空心纤维透析器
hollow fiber hemofilter 空心纤维血液过滤器
hollow fiber kidney 空心纤维人工肾
hollow mill 髓核钻
hollow needle 空心针
hollow pipe 空心管子
hollow sound 有槽探子
hollow splint 有槽夹
holmium(abbr.Ho) 钦
bolo- 全部,完全
holocamera 全息照像机
hologram 全息图
holography 全息照像机
holography system 全息摄影装置
Holter ECG 霍尔特氏心电图,动态心电图,活动心电图
Holter monitor 霍尔行氏心电动态监测仪
Holter system for ambulatory long-term ECG monitoring 霍尔特氏门诊病人心电图长期监测仪
home blood pressure instrument 家庭用血压计
home market 国内市场
homeo- 相同,相等,类似
homeochronous 同时的,同期的
home patient care system 家庭病人监护系统
home used percussor 家用叩诊器
homigrade thermometer 人体级温度计
homo- 同一,同
homochronous 同时的,同期的
homogeneous 同一的,均匀的
homogeneous immersion 同质油浸(显微镜用)
homogeneous light 单色光
homogenic 同种的,同型的
homogeniser 匀浆器,拌匀器
homogenize 匀化
homogenizer 匀浆器,拌匀器
homogenizer with knives 细肠匀浆仪
homologue 相应的,类似的
homophase 同相
homopore membrane 人工均孔膜
homotypie 同型
homothermic 温血的,恒温的
hone 磨刀石
hone glass compound 磨玻璃研磨剂
hood ①帽,盖,罩机套 ②通风柜
hooded anode 有罩阳极
hook 钩
hook bending forceps 有钩弯状镊
hooked needle 钩针
hooked scissors 钩形剪
hooked speculum 钩形窥器
hooklet 小钩
hook pin 钩针
hook plate 钩板
hook retractor 牵开钩
hook-shaped spinal marrow elevator 钩形脊髓分离器
hopper 漏斗,箱,贮水槽
horismascope U 型尿蛋白计
horizon 地平线,水平仪
horizon diagram 水平标度盘,水平指示盘
horizontal 卧式的,水平的
horizontal centrifuge 水平离心机
horizontal hook 水平钩
horizontalizer 压平器
horizontal line 水平线
hormone 荷尔蒙,激素
horn ①角 ②角形扬声器
horn mallet 角锤
horn spatula 角质调药刀
horse hair probang 马鬃除鲠器
horse hair suture 马鬃缝线
hose 软管,胶皮管
hose clip 软管夹
hospital(abbr.Hosp.) 医院
hospital bed 病床
hospital electronic data processing equipment 医用数据处理机
hospitalization 住院治疗
hospital single crank bed 单边翻身病床
hospital table 病床
host ①主人,宿主 ②一大群,许多
hot 热的,强放射性的
hot air blower 热气枪
hot air oven 干烤箱,热气灭菌器
hot air sterilization 干热灭菌法
hot air sterilizer 干热消毒器,干热灭菌器
hot air syringe 热气枪
hot biopsy forceps 热活检钳
hot cathode tube 热阴极管
bot filtration apparatus 加热过滤器
hot pack baker 电烤热疗器
hot plate 加热板
hot snare 电热勒除器
hot stylus direct recording type 热笔直描式
hot water bag 热水袋
hot water bottle 热水瓶
hot well 热水槽
hot wire meter 热线式电流计
hot wire spirometer 热线式肺活量计
hot wire type 热线式,热线型
hour(abbr.hr.) 小时,钟点
hour hand 时针
household douche 家用冲洗器
housing ①外壳,罩 ②机架
H.P.(horse power) 马力(功率单位)
HR(heart rate) 心率
HRE(high resolution electroca-rdiography) 高分辨率心电图描记法
HRM(heart rate meter) 心率计
HRSEM(high resolution scanning electron microscope) 高分辨率扫描电子显微镜
HS(heart sounds) 心音
HSG (hystero-salpingogram) 子宫输卵管造影片
humalactor 吸乳器
human centrifuge 人体实验离心机
human engineering 人体工程学
human tremor monitor 人体震颤监测仪
humerus 肱骨
humerus fracture splint 肱骨折夹板
humidification 增湿,湿化
humidifier ①增湿瓶 ②增湿器,湿化器
humidistat 恒湿器
humidity 湿度
humidity recorder 湿度记录器
humidizer 增湿剂
humoral 体液的
Hutchinson's spirometer 郝秦生氏肺量计
HV(high voltage) 高压
HVE(high voltage electrophoresis) 高压电泳
hybrid computer 混合型计算机
hydrangiography 淋巴管造影术
hydrargyrum(abbr.Hg) 水银,汞
hydras 水化物,水合物
hydraulic ①液压的,水力的 ②液压传动装置
hydraulic lifter 液压升降机(骨科用)
hydraulic pressure gauge 水压计
hydraulic regulator 水力调节器
hydraulic separator 水力分离器
hydrion 氢离子
hydro- 水,氢
hydrocarbon analyzer 碳氢化物分析仪
hydrocele trocar 水囊肿套管针
hydrocolloid syringe 水胶体注射器
hydroconion 喷雾器喷洒器
hydrodiascope 散光矫正镜
hydrogen(abbr.H) 氢
hydrogenation apparatus 氢化装置
hydrogen electeode 氢电极
hydrogen ion 氢离子
hydrogen ion comparator 氢离子浓度比值器
hydrogen number 氢值
hydrogen sulfide detector 硫化氢测定仪
hydrolactometer 乳比重计
hydrolysis 水解(作用)
hydrometer 液体比重计
hydrometer jar 液体比重计玻筒,比重杯
hydrometer of alcohol 酒精比重计
hydrometer scale 液体比重计度标
hydrometry 液体比重测量法
hydrophil 吸水的,亲水的
hydrophone 水听器,隔水听诊器
hydrophorograph 液流描记器
hydropneumatic 液压气动的
hydrorheostat 水变阻器
hydroscope 检湿器
hydrosphygmograph 水柱(式)脉搏描记器
hydrospirometer 水柱(式)肺量计
hydrostat 水压调节器
hydrostatic bag 水压扩张袋
hydrostatic bed 水褥
hydrostatic dilator 水压扩张器
hydrostatic gauge 液压计
hydrostatic tester 水压试验器
hydrotherapeutor 水疗机
hydrotherapy room 水疗室
hydrothermostat 水柱式恒温器
hydrotimeter 水硬度计
hydrotimetric burette 水硬度滴定管,硬水滴定管
hygiene 卫生,卫生学
hygric 湿的,潮的
hygro- ①湿,湿气 ②液体
hygrograph 湿度记录器
hygromed 皮肤蒸发量测定器
hygrometer 湿度计
hygrometrograph 湿度描记器
hygrometry 湿度测定法
hygronom 湿度仪
hygroscope 验湿器,湿度计
hygrothermograph 湿温仪
hymeno- 膜
hymenotome 膜刀
hyper- 过多,超过,上,高,重
hyperacidity 酸过多
hyperbaric cabin 高压舱
hyperbaric oxygen chamber 高压氧舱
hyperbaric therapy chamber 高压治疗舱
hyperbola 双曲线
hyperfrequency wave 微波
hypermetropia 远视
hyperosmotic 高渗的
hyperosmotic solution 高渗溶液
hypersonic 超声的
hyperspace 多维空间
hyperstereoroentgenography 增距立体X 射线照像术
hypertension 高血压
hypertherm 发热治疗机,人工发热器
hyperthermiatherapy system 高热治疗系统(治疗癌肿)荣豇公司
hypertonic solution 高渗溶液
hypertypic 超常型的
hypeventilation unit 高通风机(EEG)
hypisotonic solution 低渗溶液
hypnocinematograph 睡眠运动描记器
hypo 海波(硫代硫酸钠)
hypo- 低,在下,少,减退
hypoacidity 酸过少
hypoderm 皮下组织
hypodermatic 皮下的
hypodermic microthermistor 皮下微热敏电阻器
hypodermic needle 皮下针头
hypodermic syringe 皮下注射器
hypometropia 近视
hypopharyngoscope 咽下部镜
hypophyseal forceps 垂体钳
hypophysectomy 垂体切除术
hypophysis 垂体
hypophysis forceps 脑垂体咬除钳(活体取样钳)
hyposmosis 低渗透
hyposmotic solution 低渗溶液
hypospray 皮下注射器
hypothermia 低温
hypothermia therapy unit 低温治疗机
hypothermic anesthesia 低温麻醉
hypothermy 低温,降温
hypothesis 假说,假设
hypotonic duodenography 低张力十二指肠造影术
hypotonic solution 低渗溶液
hypoxia warning system 低氧警报系统
hypsometer 沸点测定计,沸点气压计
hysol 环氧树脂类粘合剂
hyster-;hystero- 子宫
hystera 子宫
hysterectomy forceps 子宫切除钳
hysterectomy needle 子宫切除针
hysterectomy retractor 子宫切除牵开器
hysterocervicoscope 子宫颈镜
hysterocolposcope 子宫阴道镜
hysterogram ①子宫收缩描记图 ②子宫X 射线照片
hysterograph ①子宫收缩描记器 ②子宫X 射线照像
gtsterigraogt ①子宫收缩描记术 ②子宫(X 射线)照像术
hysterometer 子宫测量器
hysteromucography 子宫粘膜X 射线造影术
hysterophore 子宫托
hysterosalpingography 子宫输卵管X 射线造影术
hysteroscope 子宫镜(uteroscope)
hysterostat 子宫内镭管支持器
hysterostomatome 子宫口刀,子宫颈刀
hysterotome 子宫刀
hysterotubography 子宫输卵管X 射线造影术
hytron 哈管,"海特龙"(美国一大类电子管商标名)
Hz(hertz) 赫(兹),周/秒(频率单位)
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英语作为一门国际通用语言,不仅只限用于信息传播的人际交流作用,还涉及人际生活各方面。英语在医学中的运用并不是一门创造学科,而是在科技中的运用。下面小编为大家分享医学英语,希望对大家有用。
intravenous digital subtraction angiography 静脉注射数字减影血管道镜术
intravenous injection 静脉内注射
intravenous stylet 静脉内管心针
intravenous urography 静脉尿路造影术
intraventricular 心室内的
intraventricular pressure 心室内压力
intravital staining 活体染色法
intravital cryopencll 玻璃体内冷冻冰(眼用)
intro- 人口,在内
ihtroduce ①引进,引导 ②前言,绪论
introducer ①插管器,导引器 ②喉管插入器
introducing tampon forceps 导塞钳
introduction 说明书,前言,绪论
intromission 插入,输入
introscope 内腔检视仪,内孔窥视仪
intubate 插管,插入喉管
intubation 插管(法)
intubation canula 插管套管
intubation forceps 插管钳
intubation tube 插管
intubator 插管器,喉管插入器
intussusception 套叠,肠套叠
intussusceptional reductor 肠套叠复位器
intussusceptional replacing unit 肠套叠复位器
in vacuo 在真空中
invagination 凹入,折入,套叠
invaginator ①套入器 ②疝复位器
invalid chair 残废人椅
invalid wheel chair 残废人轮椅
invasive 侵害的,侵入的
invention 发明,创造
inventor 发明者,创造者
inventory ①清单,存货单 ②设备,机器
inversion 转换,逆转
inverted biological microscope 倒置生物显微镜
inverted cone 倒锥形
inverted cone bur 倒锥形钻
inverted image 倒像
inverted microscope 倒置显微镜
inverted research microscope 倒置研究显微镜
inverted siphon 倒置虹吸管
inverted specimen jar 倒置标本瓶
inverter 倒相器,交换器,换流器
inverting amplifier 倒相放大器
inverting eyepiece 倒像目镜
invest 包埋,围模,附于
investigation ①调查,研究 ②调查报告
investment 包埋法
invisible light filter 不可见光滤光镜
invisible spectrum 不可见光谱
in vitro 在试管内,在活体外
in vivo 在活体内,在生物体内
invoice (abbr.inv.) 发票,发货单
involuntary 不随意的,偶然的
involve 包含,包括
inward 内,向内的
inwinter 强冷点
Io(ionium)
iodide 碘化物
iodimetry 碘定量法
iodine(abbr. I) 碘
iodine catgut 碘肠线
iodine consumption 耗碘量
iodine flask 碘量瓶
iodine number 碘值
iodine number flask 碘量瓶
iodine swab 碘酊拭子
iodo- 碘
iodochromic catgut 碘铬肠线
iodoform 碘仿,三碘甲烷
iodometer 碘量计
iodo-saccharometer 碘糖量计
iodoventriculography 碘剂脑室造影术
ion 离子
ion analyser 离子分析仪
ion exchange 离子交换
ion exchange chromatography 离子交换色谱法
ion exchange columns 离子交换柱
ion exchanger ①离子交换器 ②离子交换器
ion exchange resin 离子交换树脂
ion exchange resin demineralizer 离子交换树脂纯水器
ion exchange water purifying apparatus 离子交换纯水器
ionic activity 离子活度
ionic model 离子模型
ionic rays 离子射线
ionic strength 离子强度
ionic weight 离子量
ionization 电离,游离,离子化
ionization chamber 电离室,电离箱
ionization constant 电离常数
ionization meter 电离测量仪
ionization vacuum gauge 电离真空压力计
ioniza calcium andlyzer 钙离子分析仪
ionizer 电离器,电离剂
ion laser 离子激光器
ion meter 离子计
ionocolorimeter 氢离子比色计
ionogram 电离图
ionolyser 电离子分析器
ionometer ①X 射线量计 ②离子计
ionophoresis 离子电泳作用
ionoscope (氧化亚氮)酸碱杂质测定器
ionosphere 电离层
ionotherapy 电离子渗入疗法
ionotron 静电消除器
ion selective electrode 离子选择电极
ion source 离子源
iontophoresis 电离子透入疗法
iontoquantimeter ①X 射线量计 ②离子计
iontoradiometer X 射线量计
IP (iso-electric point) 等电点
IPG (impedance plethysmography) 阻抗机积描记法
IPSP (inhibitory postsynaptic potential) 抑制性实触后电位
Ir (iridium) 铱
ir- "不,无,非"(同in-,但冠于r 字头的词前)
iraser 红外激射器,红外激光
irid-;irido- 虹膜
iridal 虹膜的
iridectome 虹膜刀
iridectomy hook 虹膜钩
iridectomy knife 虹膜切除刀
iridectomy scissors 虹膜切开剪
iridium(abbr. Ir) 铱
iridoscope 虹膜镜
iridotome 虹膜刀
iris ①虹膜 ②隔膜,膜片 ③可变光阑
iris aperture 可变光圈,可变光阑
iriscorder 红外线电子瞳孔仪
iris diaphragm 虹膜式光阑
iris forceps 虹膜镊
iris hook 虹膜钩
iris knife 虹膜刀
iris needle 虹膜针
iris replacer 虹膜复位器
iris scissors 虹膜剪
iris spatula and hook 虹膜铲和针
iron 铁
iron lung 铁肺(德林氏人工呼吸器)
iron mortar 铁研钵
iron triangle 铁三角架
irradiation 照光,辐射
irradiator 辐照器,辐射器
irregular 不规则的,无规律的
irregular lighting 不规则照明
irreversibility 不可逆性
irrhythmia 心律失常,心律不齐
irrigating canula 冲洗套管
irrigating cystoscope 冲洗膀胱镜
irrigating dilator ①灌注扩张器 ②尿道冲洗扩张器
irrigating spoon 灌洗匙
irrigating syringe 灌肠器
irrigating tube 灌洗管
irrigation 冲洗法
irrigation catheter 冲洗导管
irrigator 冲洗器
irrigator bottle 灌洗瓶
irrigoradioscopy 灌肠X 射线透视检查
irrigoscopy 灌肠X 射线透视检查
irritability 应激性,兴奋性
irritation 刺激,兴奋
IR spectrophotometer 红外线分光光度计
IRV (inspiratory reserve volume) 吸气储备容量
ISE (ion selective electrode) 离子选择电极
iseikonia lens 影像平衡透镜
island 岛,岛状物
iso- 同,等,均匀
isobar 等压线
isobaric contraction 等压性收缩
isochore 等容线(在等体积下温度气压关系曲线)
isochrone 等时线,瞬压曲线
isochronism 等时性
isodose chart 等量表
isoelectric focusing 等电聚焦
isoelectric level 等电位(心电图基线)
isoelectric line 等电线
isoelectric point(abbr.IP) 等电点
isoionic point 等电点
isolation 绝缘,隔离
isolation clothes 隔离衣
isolation room 隔离室
isolator 绝缘体,隔离器,隔离物
isomer (同分)异构体
isopanchromatic 正全色性的
isoplanatic lens 等晕透镜
isopotential 等电势的,等电的
isopotential line 等势线
isoscope 眼动测位镜,并行视线计
isosmotic solution 等渗溶液
isotachoelectrophoresis apparatus 等速电泳仪
isotachophoresis 等速电泳
isothermal line 等温线
isotonic 等张的,等渗的
isotonic contraction 等张收缩
isotonicity 等渗性
isotonic solution 等渗溶液
isotonic transducer 等张收缩传感器
isotope 同位素
isotope analyzer 同位素分析器
isotope colour scanner 同位素彩色扫描仪
isotope function tester 同位素功能测定仪
isotope scanner 同位素扫描仪
isotope scintillation camera 同位素闪烁照像机
isotope therapeutic apparatus 同位素治疗机
isotope tracer 同位素示踪物
isotopic tracer 同位素指示剂,示踪原子
isotron 同位素分析器
ISP(infrared spectrophotometer) 红外分光光度计
item ①条,款,项目 ②产品,零件
item number 品目号,项目号
I.U.(international unit) 国际单位
IUCD (intrauterine contraceptive device) 子宫内避孕器,节育环
I.V. (intravenous) 静脉内的
IV angiograpnic injector 心电管造影注射器
Ivory separator 牙本质分离器
IV pole 静脉输液架
IVU (intravenous urography) 静脉尿路造影术
J(Joule's equivalent) 焦耳氏当量(热功单位)
jack ①插孔、插座 ②千斤顶,起重器
jacket ①背心 ②套,盖,罩
jacketed autoclave 蒸汽夹层压热器,蒸汽夹层高压釜
jack panel 插孔板
jack screw 螺旋正牙器
jack switch 插接开关,插孔开关
jamming 干扰台,干扰,抑制
jamproof 抗干扰的
japan 涂漆,漆器
jar 缸,罐,瓶
jaundice 黄疸
jaw ①颌骨,颚, ②叉头,夹片
jaw crusher 颚式压碎机
jaw force meter 咬合力计,颌力计
jaw prop 支颌器
jelly 冻胶,胶状物
jerk 反射,反跳
jet ①喷射 ②喷嘴,喷射器
jetcorder 墨水喷射记录器(商品名)
jetmizer 鼻用喷雾器
job ①职业,工作 ②零件
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当今世界在国际化、信息化深入发展的大背景下,医疗工作者如果想在专业技术上勇攀高峰,就必须与国际接轨,不断学习新技术新业务,下面小编为大家分享医学英语词汇学,希望对大家有用。
knee cap 护膝
knee joint 膝关节
knee joint fixator 膝关节固定器,关节加压固定器
knee retractor 膝拉钩
knee splint 膝关节夹
knee support 膝支持器
knife 刀,刮刀
knife blade 手术刀片
knife-formed perforator 刀形穿孔器
knife handle 手术刀柄
knife holder 持刀架
knife machine 磨刀机
knife needle 刀状针
knife sharpener 磨刀机
knob ①结,隆凸 ②按钮,旋钮,调节器
knot 结,波节
knot tier 排结器
knowledge 知识,理解
knuckle ①指节,关节 ②万能接头
knuckle pads 指拐垫,指节垫
Kodachrome 柯达彩色胶片,柯达克罗姆彩色反转片
Kodak 柯达照像机(商品名),小型照像机
Konimeter 尘埃计算器
koniology 尘埃镜
konimeter 尘埃计算器
Kr(krypton) 氪
kratometer 棱镜矫视器
kromskop 原色摄影装置(病理标本)
lryogenin 冷却剂
kryometer 低温计
kryoscope 冰点测定计
kryotome 低温切片机
krypton(abbr.Kr)氪
kryptonlasercoagulator 氪激光凝固器
kuprmite 防氨面罩
kymatology 脉波学
kymo- 波,波动
kymocyclograph 运动描记器
kymogram 记波(纹)图,记录图
kymograph 描波器,波形自记器,转筒记录器
kymographic tracing 记波(纹)法
kymographion 记波(纹)器
kymography 记波(纹)法,记波摄影
kymoscope 血流观察器
kyphotone 驼背矫正器,驼背带
kyrtometer 曲面测量计,曲度计
La (lanthanum) 镧
lab. (laboratory) 实验室
label 标签,瓶签,记录单
labeler 贴标签机
labelled atom 标记原子
labelled compound 标记化合物
labelling 贴标签,标记
labia 唇
labial arch appliance 唇弓矫正器
labial wire 唇弓丝
labidometer 胎头测量钳
lability 易变性,不稳定性
labimeter 胎头测量钳
labio- 唇
labiograph 唇动描记器
labiotenaculum 固唇器
labitome 有刃钳
labor 分娩,生产
laboratorian 检验师,化验员
laboratory (abbr. Lab.) 实验室,化验室
laboratory brush 实验室刷
laboratory cart 实验室小推车
laboratory centrifuge 实验室离心机
laboratory equlpment 实验室设备
laboratory glassware dryer 实验室玻璃器皿干燥箱
laboratory microscope 实验室显微镜
laboratory phase contrast microscope 实验室相差显微镜
laboratory pliers 技工钳
laboratory refrigerator 实验室用冷藏器
laboratory report 化验报告,化验证明书
laboratory sample divider 实验室分样器
laboratory specimen container 化验室标本容器
laboratory sleam sterilizer 实验室用蒸汽消毒器
laboratory table 实验台
laboratory technician 化验员
laboratory timer 实验室用定时钟
labor room 待产室
labour 分娩,生产
L-ACG (left atria-cardiogram) 左心房搏动图
lachrymal canal dilator 泪管扩张器
lachrymal catheter 泪导管
lachrymal needle 泪囊针头
lachrymal probe 泪囊探针
lachrymal sac irrigator 泪囊冲洗器
lachrymal sac retractor 泪囊牵开器
lachrymal sound 泪管探子
lachrymal style 泪管通针,泪管探子
lachrymal syringe needle 泪管冲洗针
lacrimal 泪的
lacrimal syringe 泪囊注射器
lacrimotome 泪管刀
lacto- 乳,乳汁
lactobutyrometer 乳脂计
lactocrit 乳脂计
lactodensimeter 乳比重计
lactometer 乳比重计
lactoprene 乳胶,人造橡胶
lactoscope 乳酪计
ladder 梯子,梯架,阶梯
ladder splint 梯形夹
ladle 杓子,铲
lag ①滞后,延迟 ②外壳
lambert 朗伯(亮度单位)
lamina 薄片,板,层
lamina chisel 板凿
laminagram 体层照片,断层照片
laminagraph 体层照像机,断层照像机
laminagraphy 体层照像术,断层照像术
laminar 层式的,板状的
lamina spreader 板摊开器
laminated insulator 胶质绝缘纸
laminectomy retractor 椎板切除牵开器,推板拉钩
laminectomy rongeur 椎板切除咬骨钳
laminogram 体层照片,断层照片
laminograph 体层照像机,断层照像机
laminotomy knife 椎板切开刀
lamp 灯泡,灯
lamp bulb 灯泡
lamp cap 灯头,管帽
lamp-house 灯罩
lamp jack 灯座,管座
lamp lens 灯玻璃
lamp screen 灯罩
lance 尖刀,柳叶刀
lance-pointed needle 矛头针
lance-shaped knife 枪状刀
lancet ①刺血针 ②柳叶刀,小刀
lancet for venesection 静脉切开刀,刺络刀
land 陆地,地面
landmark 界标
language ①代码 ②语言,术语
language translation machine 语言翻译机
lantern ①信号灯,幻灯 ②罩,外壳
lantern slide 幻灯片
lanthanum(abbr.La) 镧
laparo- 腹,胁腹
laparoscope 腹腔镜
laparoscope for doublepuncture 双穿刺用腹腔镜
laparoscopy 腹腔镜检查
laparotome 剖腹刀
laparotorny knife 剖腹刀
laparotomy needle 剖腹针
large capacity refrigerated centrifuge 大容量冷冻离心机
large cervical retractor 大颈椎牵开器
large channel therapeutilc duodeno-fiberscope 大通道治疗用纤维十二指肠镜
large comparison microscope 比较显微镜
large fluorescence research microscope 大型荧光研究显微镜
large freezing microtome 大型冷冻切片机
large high frequency electrotome 大型高频电刀
large intestine 大肠
large rotary microtome 大型旋转式切片机
large scale 大规模的,大型的
large scale integrated circuit 大规模集成电路
large sledge microtome 大型滑动切片
large type diagnostic X-ray machine 大型诊断X 光机
laryngeal 喉的
laryngeal applicator 喉卷棉子
laryngeal applicator forceps 喉涂药钳
laryngeal biopsy forceps 喉部活检钳
laryngeal brush 喉刷
laryngeal cotton applicator 喉头卷棉子
laryngeal curet 喉刮匙
laryngeal dilating catheter 喉扩张导管
laryngeal dilator 喉扩张器
laryngeal forceps 喉钳
laryngeal foreign body forceps 喉头异物钳
laryngeal insufflator 喉头吹入器(器儿用)
laryngeal knife 喉头刀
laryngeal lancet 喉柳叶刀
laryngeal mirror 间接喉镜,喉镜
laryngeal polypus forceps 喉部息肉钳
laryngeal polypus snare 喉息肉圈套器
laryngeal polypus scissors 喉息肉剪
laryngeal probe 喉探针
laryngeal scissors 喉剪
laryngeal sound 喉探子
laryngeal speculum 喉窥镜
laryngeal spray 喉头喷雾器
laryngectomy tube 喉切除管
laryngendoscope 喉镜,检喉镜
laryngo- 喉
laryngogram 喉X 射线(照)片
laryngograph 喉动态描记器
laryngometer 喉测量器
laryngometry 喉测量法
laryngophantom 喉模型
laryngopharyngeal mirror 咽喉镜
laryngopharyngeoscope 咽喉镜
laryngophone 喉头微音器,喉头送话器
laryngoroentgenography 喉X 射线照像术
laryngoscope 喉镜
laryngoscope for infant 新生儿喉镜
laryngoscopy 喉镜检查
laryngostat 喉部镭疗支持器,喉施镭器
laryngostrob 喉动态镜
laryngostroboscope 喉动态镜,喉发音窥镜
laryngotome 喉刀
laryngotracheobronchoscopy 喉气管支气管镜检查
laryngotracheoscopy 喉气管镜检查
larynx 喉
larynx duster 喉头喷粉器
larynx ice bag 喉头冰囊
larynx nebulizer 喉头喷雾器
larynx polypus forceps 喉息肉钳
lasanum 产科椅
laser ①激光,莱塞 ②激光器
laser beam 激光束
laser cautery 激光烙器
laser interferometric visual acuity tester 激光干涉视力仪
laser light amplificationby stimulated emission of radiation 受激辐射光放大,又叫激光或莱塞
laser light 激光
laser microprobe ①激光(显)微探子 ②激光显微刀(显微手术用)
laser nephelometer 激光浊度汁
laser operating apparatus 激光手术器
laser oscillator 激光振荡器
alser photocoagulator 激光凝固器
laser scalpel 激光手术刀
laser slit lamp 激光裂隙灯
laser spectrum analyser 激光光谱仪
laser surgery equipment 激光外科设备
laser therapy aparatus 激光治疗机
laser transmitter 激光发射机
laser treatmentor 激光治疗器
laser forceps 睫毛镊
latent image 潜像,隐像
lateral 侧面的,横的
lateral jaw radiograph 侧位颌骨X 射线照片
lateral ligature 侧扎法
lateral telescope 侧视镜
latex ampoule 乳胶安瓿
altex glove 乳胶手套
latex tubing 乳胶管
lathe 车床
launcher 发射器,起动装置
laundry cart 洗衣车
laundry press 烫衣机
laundry room 洗涤室,洗衣房
laveur 灌洗器
law 定律,法则,规律
lawrencium(abbr.Lw) 铹
layer ①层,涂层 ②敷设机
layergraph 断层机
layer planigraph 断层平面摄影机
layer radiography apparatus 断层摄影仪
layette 新生儿衣被
laying 敷设,布置,安装
layout ①设计,配置 ②线路图
Lb. (libra) 磅(重量单位)
LC (liquid chromatography) 液相色谱法
L/C (letter of credit) 信用证
LD (lethal dose) 致死剂量
LD50 (medial lethal dose) 半致死剂量
lead ①铅 ②导线,引入线,导程
lead apron 铅围裙
lead battery 铅蓄电池
lead bearing glass 含铅玻璃
lead castle 铅制容器(盛放射性物质)
lead container 铅容器
lead diaphragm 铅阑
leader ①引线 ②导管
lead glass 铅玻璃
leadglass goggles 铅玻璃护目镜
lead-in ①引入线,输入端 ②引入,输入
leading-out ①引出线,引线 ②输出
lead intensifying screen 铅增感屏
lead introducer 电极导管引入器
lead letter 铅字母(X 光片用)
lead line 铅线,蓝线
lead male 导线插柱
lead plate 铅板
lead protective glove 防护铅手套
lead protective shield 铅保护罩
lead rubber 铅橡皮
lead rubber apron 铅橡皮围裙
lead screen 铅屏
lead selector 导联选择器
lead shield 铅遮板,铅屏
lead wire 引线
lead word number 铅字码
leaf 叶,张,门扇
leaflet ①小叶 ②传单,印刷品
leakage tester 测漏水器(内窥镜)
leakance 漏电,漏泄
leak detector 渗漏检测器
leakproof 防漏的,密封的
leak tester 漏泄测试器
leaky grid detector 栅漏检波器
learn 学习,知道,获悉
leash 皮条,皮带
leather 皮革,皮革制品
leather jacket 皮背心
leather splint 皮革夹
lechodochium 产室
lecture 专题讲座,讲课
lecture scope 教学镜,示教镜
LED (light emitting diode) 发光二极管
left 左,左面的
left atria-cardiogram (abbr. L-ACG) 左心房搏动图
left atrium 左心房
left axis deviation 轴左偏(心电图)
left heart 左心
left eye 左眼
left ventricular pump suction tube 左心室腔吸管
left ventricular vent canula 左心室有孔套管
leg 腿(尤指小腿)
legend 图例,代号,说明书
legging 绑腿,护腿
leg hiolder 下肢支持器
legislation 立法,法规
leg splint 下肢夹板
leg support 下肢支持器
-lemma 膜
length 长度,长,距离,范围
length gauge 长度计
length of life test 寿命试验
lens ①透镜,镜头 ②晶状体
lens aberration 透镜象差
lens barrel 镜筒
lens cleaner 镜头清洁器
lens hood 镜头遮光罩
lens hook 晶状体钩
lens loop 晶状体圈套器
lens measure ①检镜片计 ②焦度计,对光计
lens paper 擦镜纸
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医学英语有其明显的特点,词汇和句型都较为复杂,现行的教学模式主要是教师依据纸质教材指导学生学习。结合医学英语的特点,可以建立起行之有效的语料库,能够使医学英语的学习达到事半功倍的效果。下面小编为大家分享医学专业英语翻译,希望对大家有用。
portable electric dental engine 轻便电动钻牙机,轻便牙钻
portable hearing aid 袖珍助听器
portable microtome 手提式切片机
portable monitor 手提式监护仪
portable obstetric table 轻便产床
portable operating table 轻便手术台
portable photoelectric colorimeter 便携式光电比色计
portable suction unit 便携式吸引器
portable testing set 便携式测试仪器
portable typewriter 手提式打字机
portable X-ray machine 手提式X 光机
portacid 移酸滴管,滴酸器
portal 门,入门
portal venography 门静脉造影术
port B/L 港口提单
portcaustic 腐蚀药把持器
porte 柄
porte-acid 移酸滴管,滴酸器
porte-aiguille 持针器
porte-caustique 腐蚀药把持器
porte-ligature 深部结扎器,缚线把持器
porte-meche 填塞条器
porte-noeud 瘤蒂结扎器
porte-polisher 握柄磨光器
porterage 搬运费
portial impression trays 局部牙托
portion 部分,段,份
portligature 深部结扎器,缚线把线器
port of arrival 到达港
port of delivery 交货港
port of departure 出发港
port of destination 到达港目的港
port of discharge 卸货港
portogram 门静脉造影片
portoraphy 门静脉造影术
portovenogram 门静脉造影片
posion 阴离子,阳向离子
position 位置,状态
positioner 定位器(牙),位置控制器
position finder 定向仪,定位仪
position indicator 位置指示器
position-sensor 位置传感器
positive ①正片 ②阳性的,正的
positive charge 阳电荷,正电荷
positive electricity 阳电,正电
positive electrode 阳电极,正极
positive potential 正电位
positive pressure 正压
positive rays 阳极射线
kpositive valence 正价
positor 复位器
positrocephalogram 阳电子脑瘤定位(描记)图
positron 正电子,阳电子
positron decay 正电子衰变
possess 占有,具有
post ①柱,杆,接线柱 ②邮寄,邮件
post- 后,在后,次
postage 邮费,邮资
postage free 免付邮资,邮费付讫
postage paid 邮费已付,邮资付讫
postage stamp 邮票
postal parcel 邮政包裹
post box 信箱
postcode 邮政编码
postdelivery room 产后室
posterior 后面的,其次的,以后的
posterior bite guide 后咬导,后咬合标
posterior forceps 后钳,大钳
posterior rhinoscope 后鼻镜
posterior urethral sound 后尿道探子
post-extractor 拔柱器
postmortem knife 尸体解剖刀
postnasal scissors 后鼻剪
postoperative 手术后的
postoperative bronchioscopic aspiration 术后支气管镜吸引术
post partum 产后
postpone 推迟,延期,搁置
posture 姿势,体位
posturography 姿势描记术
pot ①罐,缸,坩埚 ②盘,箱
potassium 钾
potency 能力,效力,效能
potential 电位,电势,位能
potential difference 电位差,电势差
potential energy 位能,势能
potentiation 增强作用
potentiometer ①电位器,电势计 ②分压器
potentiometr titration 电位滴定法
pot mill 罐式球磨机
pouch 盒,袋
pound ①磅(合.6 克) ②镑(等于 便上,略作£或L)
pour 灌注,流出,倒
powder 粉,粉剂
powder-blower 吹粉器
powder camera 粉末照像机
powder catcher 粉末收集器(牙科)
powder dredger 撒粉器
powder duster 撒粉器
powder funnel 药粉漏斗
powder measure 量药粉器
power ①电源,功率 ②(显微镜放大)倍数
power amplifier 功率放大器
power consumption 耗电功率,功耗
power cord 电源线
power lead 电源线
power pack 电源部分,供电部分,电源组
power reguirements 供电要求
power saver 省电器
power source 电源
power sprayer 电动喷雾器
power supply(abbr.P.S.) 电源供应,供电
power supply complete module 电源接通组件
power switch 电源开关
power transformer 电源变压器
ppm (parts per million) 兆北率(百万分之几)
P.Q. (permeability quotient) 渗透商
Pr (1.praseodymium 2.prism) ①镨 ②棱镜
practical 实际的,实用的
practical analytical balance 实用分析天平
practice 实际,实行,实践
praseodymium (abbr.Pr) 镨
pratique (海港)检疫证书
praxinoscope 教学用喉动态镜
praxis 行为
pre- 在前,先,预先
preamble 导言,序言
preamplification 前置放大
preamplifier 前置放大器
precaution 小心,谨慎,预防措施
precede 领先,优先,先于
precedence 优先
precedent 先例,前例
preceding 先前的,上述的
precious ①贵重的,珍贵的 ②完全的
precipitating bottle 沉淀瓶
precipitating jar 沉淀缸
precipitation 沉淀,析出
precipitation tube 沉淀管
precipitator 沉淀器
precipitometer 沉淀计
precise 精密的,精确的
precision ①精密度 ②精密,正确
precision balance 精密天平
precision manometer 精密测压计
precision single-apn balance 精密单盘天平
precision sliding microtome 精密滑动式切片机
precision thermometer 精密温度计(华氏1/5 度)
preclude 排除,消除,妨碍
precooler 预冷器
precooling 预冷却
precordial cardiogram 心振动图
precordial leads 胸(前)导程,心前导程
precursor ①先躯 ②预兆 ③预报器
precut apparatus 预切器
predelivery room 待产室
predict 预言,预测,预报
predictor 预报器,预测器
predominant 主要的,优势的
pre-evaporator 初步蒸发器
prefabricate 预制,预制器
preface 序,序言
preheater 预热器
prelum ①压,加压 ②加压器
prelum arteriole 压脉器,止血带
premature ①早熟的 ②早产儿
premature incubator 早产婴儿培养箱
premature infant 早产儿
premium 保险费
prenatal 产前的,出生前的
preoperotive preparation 术前准备
preoperative care 术前护理
preparation 制剂,标本
preparation forceps 标本钳
preparation jar 标本缸
preparation centrifuge 超整制备离心机
prepotential 前电位
preprocessor 预加工器
prescription ①质量要求,规定指标 ②处方
prescription electrode 标准电极
prescription sieve 药筛
presence 存在,出席,出现
present-day 现代的,现在的
preservation 保存,保护,收藏,维护
preserver 储藏柜
preset ①预调,调整 ②预定的,预置的
preset apparatus 预先调节器
preset keys 预制按钮
preset timer 限时器
press ①压,按 ②压榨器
press cake 滤饼
press-fall tonometer 压陷式眼压计
press filter 压滤器
press-needle 揿针
pressometer 压力测量器
pressoreceptive 压力感受的
pressoreceptor 压力感受器
pressure ①压力,压缩 ②电压,气压
pressure algometer 压痛计
pressure bottle 耐压瓶
pressure breathing assister 加压呼吸辅助器
pressure controller 压力控制器
pressure-cooker 高压锅
pressure reducing valve 减压阀
pressure filter 加压过滤器,压滤器
pressure forceps 施压钳
pressure gauge 测压表,压力计
pressure-gradient transducer 压差换能器
pressuregraph 气压记录器
pressure meter 压力计
pressure monitor 压力监测器
pressure pump 压力(气)泵
pressure regulator 调压器
pressure sphygmobolometer 脉压描记器
pressure steam sterilizer 高压蒸汽消毒柜
pressure sterilizer 高压灭菌器
pressure transducer 压力换能器,血压传感器
pressure transmitter 压力传送器
pressurizer ①保持压力装置,增压装置 ②体积补偿器
presumption ①推测,假定 ②可能性
pretty 漂亮的,好的
prevalent 流行的,普通的
preventer 防护设备,防护装置
preventive 预防的,防止的
previous 以前的,预先的,上述的
price (abbr.pc) 价格,价目
price agreement 价格协定
price basis 价格条件
price catalogue (abbr. P/C) 价目表
pricker ①针,刺孔针 ②锥子
primal 最初的,原始的,主要的
primary 第一位的,主要的,原发的
primary battery 原电池组
primary cell 原电池
primary collecting duct 初级集合管
primary rectifier 初级整流器
principal 主要的,首要的
principle 原理,法则,成分
print 印刷,出版,晒图
printer 印刷机,打印机
printing machine 印字机,打印机
printing paper 晒象纸,印像纸
prior 先前,居先,更重要的
prism (abbr.Pr.) 棱镜
prismatic 棱镜的
prismatic condenser 棱镜式聚光镜
prismatic lens 棱镜(片)
prismatic spectrum 棱镜光谱
prism diopter 棱镜屈光度
prism exophthalmometer 棱镜式突眼计
prismoptometer 三棱镜视力计
prismosphere 棱球镜
prisoptometer 三棱镜视力计
private 民间的,专用的,私有的
pro- 前,原,代,副
probability ①概率,机率 ②可能性,或然性
probability curve 概率曲线
probang 除鲠器,食管探子
probe 探头,探针,探子
probe and separator 探针和分离器
probe and supporter 探头和支托
probe electrode 探查电极
probe forceps 尖头镊
probe gorget 探查用有槽导子
probe-pointed bistoury 圆头细长刀
probe-pointed hook 圆头钩(耳用)
probe-pointed scissors 圆头剪
prober 探测器,探导器
probe syringe 探察注射器
probe unit 探查设备
probe with chisel 有凿探针
probe with groove 有钩探针
probit 机率单位
problem 问题,难题
procedure 程序,操作,步骤,过程
proceed 前进,进行
process 过程,程序,方法,处理
processing apparatus 洗片机
processing machine 洗片机
processing system 处理系统
processor 处理机,处理装置
proclaim 宣布,表明
proct- 直肠,肛部
procteurynter 直肠扩张器
procteurysis 直肠扩张术
procto- 直肠,肛部
proctoclysis apparatus 直肠灌洗器
proctocolonoscopy 直肠结肠镜检查
proctocystotome 直肠膀胱刀
proctoscope 直肠镜
proctoscope tube 直肠镜管
proctoscopy 直肠镜检查
proctosigmoidectomy 直肠乙状结肠切除术
proctosigmoidoscope 直肠乙状结肠镜
proctostat 直肠用镭器
proctotokography 直肠子宫收缩描记术
proctotome 直肠刀
produce 生产,制造
producer 发生器,发生炉,振荡器
product 产品,结果,成分
profession (专门)职业,行业
professional ①职业的,专业的 ②内行,专家
profile roentgenogram 侧面X 射线照片
kprofilograph 面形描记器,面部轮廓描记器
profilometer 面形测定器
profondometer 深部异物定位器
proforma 形式上(的)
proforma invoice 形式发票
prognathism 凸颌
prognathometer 颌凸测量器,颌凸计
prognosis 预后,预测
program 程序,计划,方案
program installation 程序装置
programmable calculator 程控计算机
programmable microprocessor pipet 微信息程序处理移液管
programmable pacemaker 程序控制心脏起搏器
programmable read-only memory 可编程序只读存储器
programmable recorder 程控记录器
programmable stimulator 程(序)控(制)刺激器
programmer 程序装置,程序调控器
progress 前进,进展,发展
progressive 进步的,累进的,递增的
prohibit 禁止,阻止
project ①方案,计划 ②投身,投影
projecting lamp 投影灯
projection ①投射,投影 ②投影图
projection focimeter 投影焦点计
projection microscope 投射显微镜,投影显微镜
projection perimeter 投射式视野计
projective 投射的,投影的
projective perimeter 投影式视野计
projector 投影仪,幻灯机,放映机
projector scope 投射器
prologue 序言,序幕
promotion 增进,助长,加速
prong 尖头,叉,管脚
prong fork 尖头叉
pronometer 前臂旋转计
proof ①证明、证据,检验 ②不能透过的
proof gallon 标准加仑
prop 支器,张器,支架
propeller 推进器,螺旋桨
propeller agitator 推进式搅拌器
property 性质,特性,性能
property filter 特性滤波器
prophetic 预言的,预示的
prophylaxis 预防
proportion 比例,比率,部分
proportional 成比例的,相称的,比例数
proportional coumter 正比计数管
proportionality 比值,比例,相称
propose 提议,打算,建议
proprioceptor 本体感受器
proptometer 突眼计,眼球突出测量器
propulsive cathode (氢气)推液阴极
prosectorium 解剖室
prosopo- 颜面,面部
prosoposcopy 面部检视法
prostate 前列腺
prostatectomy forceps 前列腺摘除钳
prostatectomy knife 前列腺摘除刀
prostate suture unit 前列腺缝合器
prostatic catheter 前列腺导尿管
prostatic dissector 前列腺剥离器
prostatic electric cautery 前列腺电灼器
prostatic enucleator 前列腺剜出器
prostatic forceps 前列腺钳
prostatic lobe holding forceps 前列腺叶持钳
prostatic needle holder 前列腺持针器
prostatic tractor 前列腺牵引器
prostato- 前列腺
prostatogram 前列腺X 射线照片
prostatometer 前列腺测量器
kposthesis ①修补术 ②假体(假肢,假眼,假牙等)
prosthesis inserter 移植物插入器
prosthetic 修复的,假体的
prosthetic aortic valve 人造主动脉瓣
prosthetic device 假肢器官装置
prosthetic lens 人造晶状体
prot- 原,第一,原始的
protactinium (abbr.Pa) 钋
protal 先天的
protecting equipment 防护设备
protecting net 护痘网罩
protecting tube 保护管
protection ①保护,防护 ②保护装置
protection cover 防护罩
protective apron 防护围裙
protective clothing 防护衣
protective dressing 保护敷料
protective glass ①防X 射线玻璃 ②防护眼镜
protective gloves 防护手套
protective goggles 防护眼镜
protective lead-glass 防护铅玻璃
protective mast 防护面罩
protective nastfilter 防护面罩滤器
protective material 防护材料
protective shield 防护屏
protective spectacles 护目镜
protector ①保护器,防护罩 ②保险丝
protein 蛋白质
protein/peptideseguencey 微形蛋折白/多肽顺序仪
prothesis 修复术,假体
prothetic 修复的,假体的
proto- 原,第一,原始的
protocol 议定书,会谈备记录,草约
kprotometer 突眼计,眼球突出测量器
proton 质子
proton magnetic resonance 质磁共振
proton microscope 质子显微镜
proton synchrotron 质子同步加速器
protophase 前期
prototype 原型,样机
protractor 钳取器,异物取出器
prove 证明,判明,检验
provide 提供,供应
province 省,州,地方
provision ①准备,设备 ②供应,规定
provisional 暂时的,假定的
provisional ligature 临时结扎线
proximate 近似的,贴近的
P.S. (power supply) 电源
pseudo- 假,拟,伪
pseudoarthrosis 假关节
psophometer 噪声计,测听仪
prych-;psycho- 精神,心理
psyche 精神,心灵
psychergograph 心理反应描记器
psycho- 精神,心理
psychodiagnostics 心理(测验)诊断术
psychodometer 心理活动测时器,心理反应速度计
psychoelectrical 心理电的
psychogalvanometer 心理电流计,心理反应检测器
psychogram 心理记录表,心理变化记录图
psychograph 心理记录表,心理变化记录图
psychological stress 心理应力,心理刺激因素
psychometer ①精神测定器,用脑时间测定器 ②智力测定器
psychro- 冷,寒冷
psychrolusia 冷水浴
psychrometer 空气湿度计,干湿球湿度计
psychrophore 冷却导管,尿道施冷管
Pt(platinum) 铂
pterygium knife 翼胬状肉刀
pterygium scissors 翼状胬肉剪
Pu(plutonium) 钚
public 公共的,公众的,公开的
publication 发表,公布,发行,出版,刊物
public nuisance 公害
publish 发表,公布,出版
pull ①拉,拖,牵 ②拉力,牵引力
pull down 速冷点
puller 钳子,拆卸器
pulmo- 肺
pulmo-analyser 肺功能分析仪
pulmogram 肺X 射线(照)片
pulmometer 肺(容)量计
pulmometry 肺容量测定法
pulmonary 肺的
pulmonary artery forceps 肺动脉钳
pulmonary forceps 肺钳
pulmonary function analyser 肺功能分析仪
pulmonary function analysingsystem 肺功能分析系统
pulmonary function computer system 肺功能计算机系统
pulmonary function test apparatus 肺功能检查仪
pulmonary vessel clamp 肺血管钳
pulmonic 肺的,肺动脉的
pulmotester 肺功能测定器
pulmotor 人工呼吸器,自动供氧人工呼吸器
pulp canal drill 牙髓根管钻
pulp canal reamer 牙髓根管扩大针
pulp chamber bur 髓腔钻
pulpit 控制台,操纵台
pulpit spectacles 半片阅读镜
pulp tester 试髓器(牙)
pulsation 搏动
pulsator 搏动式人工呼吸器
pulse 脉搏,脉冲
pulse amplifier 脉搏放大器,脉冲放大器
pulse clock 脉搏描记器,脉波计
pulse codr 脉冲编码器
pulse counter 脉冲计数器
pulse curve 脉搏曲线,脉搏图
pulse generator 脉搏发生器,脉冲发生器
pulse indicator 脉搏指示器
pulse laser 脉冲激光器
pulse oximeter 脉动血氧计
pulser 脉冲发生器
pulse selector 脉冲选择器
pulse transducer ①脉搏传感器 ②脉冲换能器
pulse transmitter 脉冲发射机
pulse wave transdncer 脉转换能器
pulse width 脉辐
pulsiloge 脉搏描记器
pulsilogram 脉搏描记曲线图
pulsimeter 脉力计
pulsometer 脉力计
pulverizer ①粉碎器,研粉机 ②喷雾器
pump 泵,唧筒
punp tachometer 泵转速计
punch 打孔凿,钻孔器
punch biopsy 钻取活组织检查
puncher 穿孔器
punch forceps 咬取钳,咬切钳
punching forceps 打孔钳
punching machine 钻孔机
punctograph (异物)定位X 射线照像器
punctumeter 眼调节计
puncture 穿刺
puncture needle 穿刺针
punktograph (异物)定位X 射线照像器
pupil 瞳孔
pupil distance measure 瞳孔距离测量器
pupil forceps 瞳孔镊
pupillary reflex 瞳孔反射
pupillo- 瞳孔
pupillogram 瞳孔散缩图
pupillometer 瞳孔计
pupillometry 瞳孔测量法
pupilloscope 瞳孔反应检查器,瞳孔镜
pupilloscopy 视网膜镜检查,瞳孔检影法
pupillostatometer 瞳孔距离计
purchase 购买
purchase confirmation 购货确认书
purchase contract 购货合同
purchaser 买方
pure 纯的,纯净的
pure tonecaudiometen 纯音听力计
pure tone frequency 纯音频率
pure weotersystem 纯水蒸溜系统
purification 净化,提纯,精制
purifier 净化器
purine 嘌呤
purinometer 尿嘌呤定量器
purity 纯度
purity rubric 品质标准,纯产度标准
purple 紫色,紫色指示剂
purpose 企图,打算,目的
pus-basin 脓盆
pus dish 脓盘
push 压,按(电钮),推
pushbutton 按钮
pushbutton timer 按钮定时器
pusher 推进器
push-pull amplifier 推挽式放大器
push-pull power amplifier 推挽式功率放大器
put 放,置,装上,附加
P-V (pressure-Volume) 压力容积
PVT (pressure, volume, temperature) 压力-体积-温度
pycnometer ①比重瓶,比重计 ②比色计
pyelo- 肾盂
pyelofluoroscopy 肾X 射线透视检查
pyelogram 肾盂X 射线照片,肾盂造影片
pyelograph 肾盂X 射线照片,肾盂造影片
pyelography 肾盂造影术
pyelometer 骨盆测量计,骨盆计
pyeloscope 肾盂镜
pyeloscopy 肾盂X 射线透视检查
pyeloiureterography 肾盂输尿管造影术
pygriometer 比重计
pykno- ①快速 ②致密,浓缩
pyknometer ①比重瓶 ②比重计
pyknometry 比重测量法
pylometer 输尿管梗阻测量器,输尿管测定器
pyloro- 幽门
pylorodilator 幽门扩张器
pyloroscopy 幽门镜检查
pylorus 幽门
pylorus clamp 幽门夹
pylorus spreader 幽门推开器
pyonex 梅花针
pyorrhea file 脓溢锉
pyorrhea knife ①龈刀 ②脓溢刀
pyorrhea syringe 脓溢注射器
pyreto- 热,发热
pyretometer 检温器
pyrheliometer 太阳热量计,日射强度计
pyro- 热,焦
pyroelectricity 热电,热电学
pyrogen 热源,致热物
pyrogenic test 热源试验
pyroheliometer 太阳热量计
pyrometer 高温计(系水银柱温度计无法测量的一种高温测量计)
pyrometry 高温测量法
pyroscope 测热辐射器,高温计
Q. (electric quantity) 电量
Q-factor Q 因数(抗阻比因数,谐振线路或线圈的定格,Z/R,或简称Q )
qt (quart) 夸脱(1/4 加仑)
quadrangle ①四角形 ②四角器
quadrangular arm-sling 四角臂吊带
quadrangular mitella 四角臂吊带
puadrant ①象限仪 ②象限
quadrate 正方形
quadri- 四,四倍
quadrivalent element 四价元素
quadrupole residual gas analyser 四极残余气体分析仪
qualification ①合格 ②规格
qualification test 合格试验,鉴定试验
qualimeter X 射线透度计,X 射线硬度计(测X 射线之硬度)
qualitative analysis 定性分析
quality ①性质,质量 ②规格
quality certificate 品质证明书
quality claim 品质索赔
quality inspection 品质检验
quality specification 质量说明书
quantifier 计量器
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医学英语翻译人才的作用及人才缺乏的问题也越来越凸显,但极少有人对此进行研究。下面小编为大家分享医学专业英语词汇,希望对大家有用。
Quantimet 定量电视显微镜
quantimeter X 射线放射量计(测量由球管产生的X 射线量)
quantitative 定量的,数量的
quantitative autoradiography 定量放射自显影术,定量自体放射照像 术
quantitative cytophotomety 定量细胞光度学
quantitative determination 定量测定
quantitative filter paper 定量滤纸
quantitative fluorometer 定量荧光计
quantitative microscope 定量显微镜
quantitive 定量的,数量的
quantity 数量,参量
quantity claim 数量索赔
quantity of electricity 电量
quantity of heat 热量
quantivalence 化合价,原子价
quantizer ①数字转换器 ②量化器 ③编码器
quantometer ①光量计 ②光谱分析计 ③辐射强度测量器
quantorecorder ①光量计 ②辐射强度测定计
1uantum ①量子 ②定量
quantum biology 量子生物学
quantum constant 量子常数
quantum mechanics 量子力学
quantum number 量子数
quanrantine ①检疫期 ②检疫所
quanrt (abbr. qt.) 夸脱(四分之一加仑)
quarter ①季度 ②一刻钟 ③四分之一
quartz 石英,水晶(即二氧化硅)
quartz crystal 石英晶体
1uartz filter 石英滤波器
quartz glass 石英玻璃
quartz lamp 石英灯
quartz oscillator 石英振荡器
quartz prism 石英棱镜
quartz thermometer 石英温度计
quartz transducer 石英换能器,石英传感器
quasi- 半,似,拟,准
quasiconductor 半导体
quasi-insulator 准绝缘体
quasi-monochromatic 准单色的
quasi-static 似稳的,准静态的
quench circuit 猝灭电路
quenchometer 冷却速度试验器
quernstone 磨石
query 询问,质问
quest 探索,寻找
question 问题,探究
quick 快的,迅速的
quick access memory 快速存取存储器
quick freeze chamber 快速冷冻室
quicklime 生石灰,氧化钙
quick-loading cassette 快速换片暗盒
quick-silver 汞,水银
quinhydrone electrode (醌)氢醌电极
quotation 估价单,报价单
quotation date 报价日期
quote 开价,报价,开估价单
qutient 商数,系数
Q wave Q 波(心电图)
R (①Reaumur temperature scale ②registered trademark ③Ro- entgen) ①列氏温度计 ②注册
商标 ③伦琴(X 线量单位)
Ra (radium) 镭
Rabbet ①插孔,塞孔 ②槽,凹部
rabbet cage 兔笼
rabbit-ear antenna (电视)兔耳形天线(室内用)
R-ACG (right-apexcardiongram) 右心尖搏动图
rachi- 脊柱
rachial 脊柱的
rachialbuminimeter 脑脊液白蛋白定量器,脊髓液蛋白计
rachigraph 脊柱描记器
rachio- 脊柱
rachiometer 脊柱弯度计
rachiotome 脊椎刀,椎骨刀
rachitome 脊椎刀,椎骨刀
rack 支架,格栅
rack mounting 支架安装
rad 拉德(辐射吸收剂量单位)
radar 雷达
radar therapy apparatus 射频治疗机
RADI (radiographic inspection) X 射线检查
radiability X 射线透过性
radiable X 射线可透的
radiac 放射性检测仪器,剂量探测仪
radiacmeter ①剂量计 ②核辐射测定器
radiagraph 活动焰切机
radial grating 射线光栅
radian 弧度
radiant 放射的,辐射的
radiant energy 辐射能
radiant flux 辐射通量
radiant heat lamp 辐射热灯
radiant matter 辐射质
radiant warmer 辐射加温器
radiate ①辐射状 ②辐射,发光
radiathermy 短波透热法
radiation ①辐射,放射 ②放射疗法
radiation counter 放射线计算器
radiation distribution computer 放射线分布指示计算机
radiation dose 辐身射剂量
radiation equipment 放射线设备
radiation heating apparatus 辐射热仪
radiation monitor 放射检测器
radiation protecting equipment X 射线防护设备
radiation survey meter 辐射测试仪
radiation therapy 放射疗法,辐射疗法
radiation trap 辐射捕集器,辐射护墙
radiator ①放射器,辐射器 ②散热器
radical ①根,基 ②基本的
radio ①无线电设备 ②射电的,射频的
radio- ①放射,辐射 ②无线电
radioactive 放射性的
radioactive carbon 放射性碳
radioactive cobalt 放射性钴
radioactive constant 放射性常数
radioactive contaminant 放射性污染物
radioactive decay 放射性衰变
radioactive disintegration 放射性元素蜕变
radioactive element 放射性元素
radioactive emanation 放射性射气
radioactive indicator 放射性示踪剂
radioactive isotope 放射性同位素
radioactive isotope renography 放射性同位素肾造影术
radioactive marker 放射性标记物
radioactive sample 放射性样品
radioactive source 放射源
radioactive tracer 放射性同位素示踪剂
radioactivity 放射性,辐射性
radioactor 镭疗器
radioautogram ①自动射线摄影 ②放射性同位素示踪图 ③无线电传真
radioautograph 放射自显影术
radioautography 放射自显影术
radiobroadcasting 无线电广播,用无线电传送
radiocalcium 放射性钙,射钙
radiocarbon 放射性炭,射炭
radiocardiogram 放射心电图
radiocardiography 放射心电描记法
radiochemistry 放射化学
radiochlorine 放射性氯,射氯
radiochromatogram camera 放射色谱图摄影机
radiochrometer ①X 射线透度计 ②放射色谱计
radiocinematograph X 射线电影装置,X 射线活动摄影机
radiocinematography X 射线活动照像术
radiocirculography 放射血循环描记术
radiocobalt 放射性钴,射钴
radiode 镭插入器,镭锭仪(装镭锭用于治疗的仪器)
radiodiagnosis 放射诊断,X 射线诊断
radiodiaphane 镭透照镜(进行镭透照检查的仪器)
radio ECG transmission 无线电遥控心电图传送
radioelectrocardiogram(abbr. RECG) 放射心电图
radioelectrocardiograph (abbr. RECG) 放射心电图机
radioelectrocardiography 放射心电图描记法
radioelectroencephalogram(abbr. REEG) 放射脑电图
radioelectroencephalograph (abbr. REEG) 放射脑电图描记器
radioelectromyogram (abbr. REMG) 放射肌电图
radioelectromyograph (abbr. REMG) 放射肌电图描记器
radioelectrophysiologram 放射电生理描记图
radioelectrophysiolograph 放射电生理描记器
radioelectrophysiolography 放射电生理描记术
radio element 放射性元素
radioencephalogram (abbr. REG) 放射脑电图
radioencephalograph 放射脑电图机
radioencephalography 放射脑电图描记法
fadio-frequency 射频,无线电频率
radio-frequency accelerator 高频加速器
radio-frequency pacemaker 射频起搏器(心)
radiogen 放射物质
radiogram X 射线照片
radiograph X 射线照片
radiographer 放射照像技术员
radiographic 放射照像的
radiographic contrast X 射线照像对比
radiographic equipment X 射线照像装置
radiographic negative X 射线底片
radiographic sensitivity 抗射线感光度
radiographic stereometry 立体X 射线片测定法
radiograph microfilm reducer 35 毫米显微胶片摄影缩微器
radiography X 射线照像术
radiography cone X 射线摄影孔
radiography of fistula 瘘管造影术
radiography of lacrimal duct 泪道造影术
radiography of parotids 腮腺造影术
radiography unit X 射线机
radio-immunity 放射免疫
radioimmunoassay (abbr. RIA) 放射免疫测定(法)
radioimmunoassay centrifuge 放射免疫测定离心机
radioimmunoassay system 放射免疫分析仪
radioimmunoelectrophoresis 放射免疫电泳(法)
radioiodine 放射性碘,射碘(常用I)
radioisotope (abbr. RI) 放射性同位素
radioisotope diagnostic unit 放射性同位素诊断仪
radioisotope dynamic functiontesting unit 放射性同位素动态功能测 定仪
radioisotope generator 放射性同位素发生器
radioisotope renogram apparatus 肾放射图仪
radioisotope renogram examination apparatus 放射性同位素肾图仪
radioisotope renograph 放射性同位素肾图检查仪
radioisotope renography 放射性同位素肾图检查
radioisotope scanning (放射性)同位素扫描
radioisotope teletherapy unit 放射性同位素深部治疗机
radioknife 高频手术刀(10MHZ 以上)
kradiokymography X 射线动态摄影术,X 射线记波照像术
radiolead 放射性铅,射铅
radiolocator 无线电定位器
radiologic(al) 放射性的,放射学的
radiological apparatus X 射线机
radiologist 放射科医师
radiology 放射学
radiolucency 射线透射性,X 射线可透性
radiolus 探子
radiometer ①辐射仪 ②放射量测定仪
radiometry 放射性测量
radiomicrometer 测微辐射计,辐射微量计
radiomovies 电视电影,电视影片
radionuclide 放射性核素
radionuclide brain imager 放射性核素脑部摄像机
radionuclide image intensifier 放射性核素影像增强器
radionuclide imaging 放射性核素造影术
radiopadcity X 射线不透性
radioparency X 射线可透性,射线可透性
radioparent X 射线可透的,射线可透的
radioparent sternal blade X 射线可透胸骨刀
radiophosphorus 放射性磷,射磷
radiophotography X 射线照像术
radiophotoscanning 放射照像扫描术
radioprotector 辐射防护装置
radioplmonography 放射肺换气率测定法
radiosclerometer X 射线透度计,X 射线硬度计
radioscope ①X 射线透视屏 ②放射探测仪 ③放射镜
radioscopy 放射检查,X 射线透视检查,荧光屏检查
radio set ①收音机 ②无线电台
radiostereoscope X 射线实体透视镜
radiostereoscopy X 射线实体透视检查,X 射线脏器检查法
radiosterilization 辐射消毒,放射性消毒
radiosurgery 放射外科学,镭外科学(以镭锭进行外科治疗)
radiotelemetry 无线电遥测术
radiotelescope 电望远镜,无线电望远镜
radiotelevisor 电视接收机
radiotherapeutics 放射疗法
radiotherapy 放射疗法
radiotherapy equipment 放射治疗设备
radiotherapy linear accelerator 放疗用直线加速器
radiotherapy simulator 放射治疗模拟定位机
radiothyroxine 放射性甲状腺素
radiotomy 断层X 射线照像术,体层X 射线照像术
radiotracer 放射性示踪元素
radiotransmitter 无线电发报机
radiotransparent X 射线可透的,透X 射线的
radiovision 电视
radio wave 无线电波
radium (abbr. Ra) 镭
radium applicator 施镭器
radium cannon 镭管
cadium container 镭容器
radium emanation 镭射气
radium needle 镭针
nadiumotherapy 镭疗法
radium-plaque adaptometer 镭板适应计
radium recovery service 镭换置设施
radium tube 镭管
radius ①桡骨 ②半径
radiuscope 眼晶状体半径测量仪
radius splint 桡骨夹板
radon (abbr. Rn) 氡,镭射气
radon container 氡容器
rafting 合金,熔合物
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医学专用英语翻译有哪些你知道吗?下面是小编收集整理的医学专用英语翻译希望对你们有用。
Assessing the Eyes and Ears 眼、耳评估
Assessment 评估
Ask if client has a history of eye disease, trauma, or vision problems. 询问受检者是否有眼疾、外伤或视力问题史。
Ask if client has a history of ear disease, trauma, or hearing problems. 询问受检者是否有耳疾、外伤或听力问题史。
Determine occupational history and use of glasses, contacts, hearing aid, and medications. 检查职业史及眼镜、隐形眼镜、助听器和药物使用情况。
Implementation 实施
Use Standard Protocol. 采用标准护理程序
Test visual acuity: 视敏度测试
A. If client wears glasses or contact lenses, ask to read print from newspaper while wearing glasses. Note distance from the eyes that client holds the newspaper. 带眼镜或隐形眼镜者,可要求其带眼镜阅读报纸,注意受检者看报时眼睛与报纸的距离。
B. If client is unable to see print clearly, test each eye separately by placing index card over one eye at a time. 如受检者看不清报纸文字,可用卡纸盖住眼睛轮流测试两眼视力。
Test visual fields. 视野测试
A. Have client sit or stand 60 cm (2 feet) away and face you. Your eyes should be at eye level of client. 病人面对检查者坐或站于60 cm处。检查者两眼与受检者两眼同高。
B. Ask client to gently close or cover one eye and to look at your eye directly opposite. Close or cover other eye on side of client's closed eye. 嘱受检者轻轻遮住或闭上一只眼睛(如右眼),从对面直视检查者眼睛。检查者闭上或遮住异侧眼睛(即左眼)。
C. Fully extend arm midway between client and yourself, then move it centrally with fingers moving. 检查者手臂前伸至与受检者距离中间处,移动手臂并不断摆动手指。
D. Move finger or object equidistant from you and client outside of own field of vision. Slowly bring it back into field, asking client to state when it is first seen. Repeat procedure for all visual fields and for both eyes. 在检查者与受检者等距离处移动手指或物体至自身视野外。缓缓移进视野,告诉病人在第一眼看到手指或物体时就告诉检查者。各个方位重复操作,检查双眼。
Test extraocular movements 眼外运动测试
A. Instruct client to look straight ahead toward you, keeping head motionless throughout examination. 嘱病人直视检查者,检查时头部保持不动。
B. Hold finger 15 to 30 cm (6 to 12 inches) in front of client's eyes. 手指放于受检者前方10-30 cm处。
C. Ask client to follow movement of finger with eyes, keeping head still. Move finger slowly through each of eight cardinal gazes. 嘱受检者双眼随手指移动,头部不动。按八个方位移动手指。
D. Keep finger within normal field of vision. 手指保持在正常视野范围内。
E. Observe parallel eye movement, position of upper lid in relation to iris, and presence of nystagmus. 观察眼睛平行运动、上眼睑与虹膜对比位置和眼震。
Test pupillary reflexes 瞳孔反射测试
A. Dim room lights to test reaction to light. 关暗灯光测试对光反应。
B. As client looks straight ahead, move light source from side of client's face and direct light onto pupil. 受检者直视前方,将灯源从受检者脸部外侧内移,将灯光直接照射于受检者瞳孔。
C. Observe pupillary response of both eyes. 观察双眼瞳孔反应。
D. Note corneal light reflex. 注意角膜对光反射。
E. Defects along inner margins of the iris may be from surgical correction for glaucoma. 青光眼手术矫正可以引起虹膜内缘缺陷。
Test accommodation. 调节能力测试
A. Ask client to look at wall in distance. Quickly bring finger within 10 to 15 cm (4 to 6 inches) of client's nose and ask client to look at finger. 嘱受检者看远处墙壁。快速将手指移至受检者鼻前10-15 cm处,要求受检者看手指。
B. Move finger smoothly toward nasal bridge; watch for pupil constriction and convergence. 手指平稳地向鼻柱移动,观察瞳孔收缩会聚。
Assess external eye. 外眼评估
A. Inspect eye position with eyes open. Note if any portion of lower conjunctiva is visible. 受检者睁蛝,检查眼睛位置。注意结膜是否理垂。
B. Ask client to close both eyes; inspect lid position. Raise eyebrows and inspect upper eyelids for color, edema, and presence of lesions. Have client open eyes, and note blink reflex. 受检者闭上双眼,检查眼睑位置。揭开眉毛,检查上眼睑颜色、浮肿及有无损伤。嘱受检者睁眼,注意瞬目反射。
C. Inspect lacrimal apparatus and note edema or inflammation. Palpate to detect tenderness. (NOTE: Apply gloves if drainage present.) Inspect for excess tearing or edema of inner canthus. 检查泪器,注意水肿或炎症。触碰检查有无触痛。(注意:如有渗液就带手套)检查有无泪水过多或内眦水肿。
D. Inspect conjunctiva for color, edema, or lesions by gently depressing lower lid with thumb pressed against bony orbit. Ask client to look up. 检查结膜颜色、水肿,或拇指靠在眼眶轻轻按压下眼睑检查有无损伤。嘱受检者抬眼。。
E. Inspect cornea for opacities by shining light at an angle toward the cornera. Check pupils for size, shape, and equality. Inspect iris for symmetry. 用手电光斜照角膜,检查角膜浊斑。检查瞳孔大小、形状和对等。检查虹膜否对称。
Examine external ear. 检查外耳
A. Inspect auricle for placement, size, symmetry, and color. 检查耳廓布局、大小、对称性和颜色。
B. Palpate auricle for texture, tenderness, and presence of lesions. If client complains of pain, gently pull auricle and press on tragus and behind ear over mastoid bone. 触碰耳廓检查质地、触痛,有无损伤。如受检者叫痛,轻拉耳廓和按耳屏及耳后颞骨乳突部。
C. Observe opening of ear canal for lesions, discharge, swelling, foreign bodies, or inflammation. 观察耳道口有无损伤、漏液、肿大、异物升炎症。
D. Inspect canal for buildup of cerumen. If canal is clear, ask how often client usually cleans ears. 检查耳道有无耳垢。如耳道干净,询问受检者通常清理时间。
Assess hearing acuity. 评估听敏度
A. Ask client to remove hearing aid and close eyes. 嘱受检者取下助听器,闭眼。
B. Test one ear at a time 逐眼检查。
C. Stand 15 to 60 cm (6 inches to 2 feet) away, exhale fully, and softly whisper a sequence of numbers with two equally accented syllables. 站于15-60 cm开外,呼气,轻柔地说出一串数字,音节间重音相等。
D. Ask client to repeat. Repeat in conversational or loud tones if needed. 嘱受检者重复。必要时可用谈话语调或大声重复。
If hearing loss is suspected, perform a tuning fork test. 如疑有听力丧失,可进行音叉测试。
A. Weber's test
Hold fork at its base and tap lightly against heel of palm. Place base of vibrating fork on midline vertex of client's head or middle of forehead.
Ask client if sound is heard equally in both ears or better in one ear. 韦伯试验
握住音叉,轻轻击掌根,将震动音叉面放在受检者头顶正中线或额头中间。
询问受检者两耳声音是否一样或有差异。
B. Rinne test
Place stem of vibrating tuning fork against client's mastoid process.
Ask client to tell you when sound is no longer heard. Observe the length of time in seconds.
Quickly place the still-vibrating tines 1 to 2 cm (1/2 to 1 inch) from ear canal.
Ask client to tell you when sound is no longer heard. Again, time with a watch.
Compare the number of seconds for bone conduction versus air conduction. 林纳试验
将震动音叉杆靠在受检者乳突。嘱受检者在听不到声音时通知你。观察持续时间(秒)。
迅速将仍在震动的音叉尖端放于离耳道1-2 cm处。
嘱受检者病人在听不到声音时通知你。记录时间。
对比骨导和气导时间。
Use Completion Protocol. 采用护理完成程序
Evaluation 评价
Compare findings with client's baseline and normal expected findings. 对比受检者基线值和正常预期值。
Identify Unexpected Outcomes and Nursing Intervention Record and Report 确认意外结果和护理措施
记录和报告
Assessment findings. 评估所见
Description of abnormalities. 异常说明
Abnormal findings (report to physician). 异常结果(报告医生)
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医学,是通过科学或技术的手段处理人体的各种疾病或病变。它是生物学的应用学科,分基础医学、临床医学。那么你知道医学用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。
medical science
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下面是学习英语语法的基础知识哦,来学习下吧!
英语语法基础知识入门教程
音 标
学习提示:
在我们开始学习英语语音音标之前,有一点大家要记住:不要试图用汉语普通话的近似的音去代替英语的音标。例如,有人把英语字母“n’'念成“恩”,用汉语的“e”来代替英语的[e],把字母f、m、x分别念成“爱弗”、“爱木”、“爱克斯”。这是一种很坏的习惯,它使你永远也学不到纯正的英语发音。记住,英语的音标跟汉语的音标缺乏可比性。例如,英语的单元音有十二个之多,而汉语只有六个。即使是两者相似的音,它们在发音的口型、音的长短上都有差别。
音素分类:
英语的音标共有48个,其中元音音标20个,辅音音标28个。相信大家对它们都不陌生了,在正式开始音标学习之前,让我们再来熟悉一下这48个音标。
元音
1、单元音 前元音:[i] [i:] [e] [?]
中元音:[?:] [?] [?]
后元音:[a:] [?] [?:] [u] [u:]
2、双元音 合口双元音:[ei] [ai] [?i] [?u] [au]
集中双元音:[i?] [ε? ] [u?]
辅音
1、爆破音 [p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g]
2、摩擦音 [f] [v] [θ] [e] [s] [z] [?] [?] [h] [r]
3、破擦音 [ts] [dz] [tr] [dr] [t?] [d?]
4、鼻音 [m] [n] [?]
5、半元音 [j] [w]
6、舌侧音 [l]
音标记忆法:
不要为音标的分类名称操心,你并不需要记住这些名称;也不要为音标的数目太多而发愁,照下面的两个记忆方法去做,你一定能在十分钟内将所有的英语音标记住。
一、元音分组记忆法:将元音音标分成四个大组和四个单个,帮助记忆。
1、四大组
第一组 第二组 第三组 第四组
[i] [i:] [i?] [ei] [ai]
[?] [?:] [?u] [ε?]
[u] [u:] [u?] [au]
[?] [?:] [?i]
记忆窍门:
第一组为“基本型”;第二组为基本型的“延长型”;在基本型后加长音符号;第三组为基本型的“前置型”;第四组为基本型的“后置型”。
2.四单个:一座山[?],一朵花[?],一个[e],一个[a:]
二、辅音成对记忆法:将辅音分成十对和八个单个,帮助记忆。
1.十对
爆破组 摩擦组 破擦组
[p] [b] [f] [v] [ts] [dz]
[t] [d] [θ] [e] [tr] [dr]
[k] [g] [s] [z] [t?] [d?]
[?] [?]
记忆口诀: 十对的辅音清、浊成对,每对的发音部位相同。
2.八单个:[m] [n] [?] [j] [w] [r] [l] [h]
记忆口诀:三鼻音[m] [n] [n], 两半元[w] [j] , 一个[r],一个[l],还有一个[h]。
音节
一、定义:一个元音音素(双元音为一个音素)为一个音节。
1、[ai] [n?u] [st?nd] [ti:t?] 均为单音节。
2、['mi:t?] ['reiz?] 均为双音节。
3、['s?u??list] [repri'zent?tiv]均为多音节。
二、音节的划分:
1、每两个元音之间有一个辅音,该辅音归后。如:['mi:t?] ['reiz?]
2、每两个元音之间有两个辅音,则前后各一个。如:['men??nd] ['f?ktri]
3、每两个元音之间有三个及以上的辅音,依次读出其本身的发音即可。如:
['empti]
简记为:一归后,二分手。
试读:[steid] ['a:ft?] ['men??nd] ['f?ktri] ['s?u??list] [repri'zent?tiv]
三、开、闭、r音节:
1、开音节,又分绝对开音节和相对开音节。
绝对开音节:以发音的元音字母结尾的音节。如:no,we.she。
相对开音节:以元音字母+辅音字母(r除外)+不发音的e结尾的音节。如:these,those,page,life,use。
2、闭音节:以一个或几个辅音字母(r除外)结尾,而中间只有一个元音字母的音节。如:bad,desk,sit,long。
3、,元音字母+r,即 ar er ir or ur
4、元音字母在重读开音节、重读闭音节和r读音节中的读音。
元音字母在重读音节中的读音
字母 开音节 例词 闭音节 例词 r音节 例词
A [ei] name [?] bag [a:] car
E [i:] these [e] pen [?:] her
I [ai] bike [i] his [?:] girl
O [?u] no, note [?] not [?:] for
U [ju:] student [?] bus [?:] nurse
由上表可见:元音字母在重读的开音节中就读字母本身的音。(注意:一切规律都不能包罗万象,如,不符合此规律的词有come, love 等等)
句子成分与句子
第一章 句子成分
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。英语句子主要成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、状语、补足语和定语。
1、主语
主语是一个句子的主体,是句子所要说明的人或事情,表示句子描述的是“谁”“什么”。主语一般位于陈述句句首,但在there be结构中主语位于谓语后面。
能作主语的有名词类(含代词、数词);非谓语(含不定式、ing 分词)、从句。
1)名词类
Professor Smith is a famous scientist.史密斯教授是著名的科学家。
We often speak English in class.我们经常在课堂上说英语。
One-third of the students in this class are girls.这个班1/3的学生是女生。
2) 非谓语
To master a foreign language is necessary.掌握一门外语是必要的。
Smoking does harm to the health.吸烟有害健康。
3)从句
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided yet.
我们什么时候进行英语测验还没有决定。
Whether he’ll join us in the discussion is of great importance.
他是否参加我们的讨论是很重要的。
2、谓语
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。只有动词在句中才能作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
1)简单谓语
由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:
He practices running every morning.他每天早晨练习跑步。
Yesterday afternoon he reached China.昨天下午他到达桂林。
2)复合谓语
(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成
You may keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周。
You’d better not take the magazine out of the reading-room.
你最好不要把这本杂志拿出阅览室。
He has caught a bad cold.He has to go to see a doctor.
他患了重感冒,必须去看医生。
3、表语
表语用来说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。
能作表语的有名词类(含代词、数词);形容词;非谓语动词(含分词、不定式、动名词;介词短语、副词及从句。
1)名词
He is an astronaut.他是一位宇航员。
2)形容词
The weather has turned cold.天气变冷了。
3) 非谓语动词
My job is to teach English. 我的工作是教英语。
The speech is exciting.这演讲激动人心。
His hobby is playing football.他的爱好是踢足球。
The teacher was pleased with my spoken English.老师对我的英语口语很满意。
4)介词短语
The machine must be out of order.这机器一定出毛病了。
He is against our plan.他反对我们的计划。
5)副词
Time is up.The class is over.时间到了,下课。
My father isn’t in.He is out.我父亲不在家,他出去了。
6)从句
The truth is that he has never been abroad.实际情况是他从未出过国。
What I want to know is when we’ll have the sports meet.
我想知道的是我们什么时候开运动会。
4、宾语
宾语表示及物动作的对象或承受者,用于回答谓语“谁”和“什么”,一般位于及物动词后面。但英语介词后也要求用宾语。
可充当宾语的内容和主语一样。
1)名词类
They went to see an exhibition yesterday.他们昨天去看了展览。
We should learn from him.我们应该向他学习。
2)非谓语类(不定式、ing 分词)
He pretended not to see me.他假装没有看见我。
She didn’t know what to do next.她不知道下一步做什么。
I enjoy listening to popular music.我喜欢听流行音乐。
3)从句
I think(that)he is fit for his office.我认为他称职。
He asked me whose pronunciation was the best in the class.
他问我班上谁的发音最好。
5、补语
补语用于补充说明主语或宾语。补语通常由形容词、名词或其他相当的结构担任。补语可分为宾语补足语和主语补足语。
1)宾语补足语:
The government appointed her chief delegate to the conference.
政府任命她为出席那个会议的代表团团长。(名词)
He doesn’t believe the story true.
他不相信这故事是真的。 (形容词)
The doctor advised her to stay in bed for a week.
医生建议她卧床休息一周。 (不定式)
They saw her walking into the bookstore.
他们看见她进书店了。 (分词短语)
The children saw the kite up and up.
孩子们看到风筝越飞越高。 (副词)
You should put your books in order.
你应该把书摆整齐。 (介词短语)
2)主语补足语:含宾语补足语的句子改成被动语态时,原宾语和宾语补足语便分别成为主语和主语补足语。
We found him working in the office.(在此主动句子中working是宾补)
我们发现他正在办公室工作。
He was found working in the office.(在此被动句子中working是主补)
他被发现在办公室工作。
6、定语
用来修饰、说明、限定名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
可充当定语的有形容词;非谓语类(含不定式,ing 分词和ed 分词);名词类(含代词、数词、名词所有格);介词短语、副词和从句。
单个词作定语通常位于所修饰的词之前,但短语、从句作定语时通常位于所修饰的词之后。
1)形容词
Guilin is a beautiful city.桂林是一座美丽的城市。
A bright future shines before us.光明的未来展现在我们眼前。
2) 非谓语类
The building to be built next year will be our school.
明年要建的那幢楼将是我们的学校。
China is a developing country;America is a developed country.
中国是一个发展中国家,美国是一个发达国家。
3)名词类
There are thirty women teachers in our schoo1.我们学校有30名女教师。
More than thirty students in our class have read the book.
我们班三十多个学生读过这本书。
Mary’s parents have gone abroad.玛丽的父母出国了。
4) 介词短语
He is reading an article about how to learn English.
他正在读一篇有关如何学习英语的文章。
Who is the girl in red? 穿红衣服的那个姑娘是谁?
5)副词(多位于被修饰词之后)
A noise outside made him turn around.外面的喧闹声使他转过身来。
The man in the room below is friendly.楼下房间的那人很友好。
6)从句
There is nothing that worries him.没有什么事使他烦恼。
I will remember the day when I first met her.
我将记住第一次遇见她的那一天。
7、状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。
可充当状语的主要有副词、介词短语、非谓语类和从句。
1)副词
Light travels most quickly.光传播得最快。
Factories and buildings are seen here and there.
到处都能见到工厂和建筑物。
2)介词短语
He has lived in the city for ten years.他在那座城市住了10年了。
In spite of the difficulties,we went on with our work.
尽管有困难,但是我们仍继续工作。
3)非谓语类
The box is too heavy for me to lift.这个箱子太重,我抬不起。
He is in the room making a model plane.他在房间里做一架飞机模型。
Not knowing what to do,he decided to ask the teacher for advice.
他不知道怎么办好,就去问老师。
Encouraged by the teacher,I made up my mind to learn English well.
在老师的鼓励下,我决心把英语学好。
4)从句
Once you begin,you must continue.一旦开始,你就得继续下去。
I must work harder in order that I may catch up with the others.
为了赶上其他人,我必须更努力学习。
状语的种类
1)时间状语
How about meeting again at six? 6:00再见面怎样?
2)原因状语
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.
由于下雨,她昨晚没有去参加舞会。
3)条件状语
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.如果不下雨,我将到那里去。
As(So)long as you work hard,you can make rapid progress in English.
只要你努力,你就可以在英语方面取得很快的进步。
4)地点状语
Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.史密斯先生住在3楼。
Where there is water,there is life.有水的地方,就有生命。
5)方式状语
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.
她小心地把鸡蛋放在篮子里。
He has greatly improved his spoken English by this means.
他用这种方式极大地改善了他的英语口语。
6)伴随状语
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.她进来时手里拿着一本字典。
The teacher came in, followed by a group of students.
老师走了进来,后面跟着一群学生。
7)目的状语
In order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.
为了赶上其他人,我必须更努力学习。
I went there to see a friend of mine.我去那里看我的一个朋友。
8)结果状语
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.他累极了,立刻就睡着了。
We arrived there only to find an empty room.
我们到了那儿只发现了一个空房间。
9)让步状语
She works very hard though she is old.
虽然她年纪大了,但她仍然十分努力工作。
No matter when you come,you are warmly welcomed.
不管你什么时候来,都欢迎。
10)程度状语
They were greatly moved to hear the hero’s story.
听了英语的故事,他们深受感动。
I quite agree with you.我完全同意你的意见。
11)比较状语
I am taller than he is.我比他高。
The more I speak English,the better I’ll be.我越多讲英语,就讲得越好。
句子成分练习
指出下列句中画线部分的词性及在句中的作用
1. Tonight we have something special for dinner.
2. a. Thank you for years of your valuable service
b. She keeps her jewels, money and other valuables in the bank
3. He is a very fine musician.
4. a. The farmer enjoys the beauty of the long stretch of his land.
b. My wool sweater stretched when I washed.
5. a. I had a sharp pain in my back.
b. The meeting starts at 3 o’clock sharp.
6. a. Sound travels at 1,000 feet per second.
b. Your idea sounds a good one.
c. Old as Mary is,she still enjoys sound health
7. a. Father booked three seats on a plane.
b. Tom bought the tickets at the booking office outside the cinema.
8. a. On his way home he bought some apples at fruit stand.
b. The injured driver can hardly stand the pain any longer
c .This book stands high in my opinion.
9. To construct a reservoir is an important government project
10. a. Lovely Christmas presents are placed on the floor around a tree.
b. When George left office, the director presented him with a silver teapot.
c. We learn from the past, experience the present, and hope for success in the future.
第二章 句子
第一节 简单句
简单句的五种基本句型
英语句子的主要特征是:是句子就必须含有主、谓。英语简单句有以下五种基本句型。
1.主语+系动词+表语(简称,主系表)
系动词+表语构成名词性合成谓语;可作表语的有名词、名词所有格、代词主格或宾格、名词性物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、形容词、副词、数词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、动名词、动词不定式和从句等。
She is a student.(名词)她是个学生。
He seems a clever boy.他似乎是个聪明的男孩。
She looks like her mother.(介词短语)她样子象她母亲。
The film is moving.(现在分词)这影片令人感动。
This shirt is not yours,but hers.(名词性物主代词)
这件衬衫不是你的,是她的。
2.主语+不及物动词(简称,主谓)
The sun rises.太阳升起来了。
He has just come.他刚来。
3.主语+及物动词+宾语(简称,主谓宾)
We love our motherland.我们热爱祖国。
she reads newspapers after supper.她晚饭后读报。
I like swimming.我喜欢游泳。
Li Ping wants to be a doctor.李平想当医生。
4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(简称,主谓双宾)
直接宾语和间接宾语又叫双宾语。直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人。二者没有逻辑的主谓关系。要求跟双宾语的动词可分为两类:
(1)give,show,send,pass,hand,lend,post,serve,read,take,write,tell,teach.return,wish,allow,offer,promise,throw等。(sth. to sb.)
I lent her a novel.= I lent a novel to her. 我借给她一本小说。
Please show her your photos.= Please show your photos to her.
请把你的照片给她看看。
(2)buy,do, make,find,build, choose,cut,draw, earn,gather,paint,pick, prepare get,order,sing,spare等。(sth. for sb.)
Her mother bought her a red skirt.
= Her mother bought a red skirt for her.
她母亲给她买了一条红裙子。
Please do me a favor.= Please do a favor for me. 请帮个忙。
5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补(简称,主谓复合宾)
有些动词带一个宾语意思不完整,还需要一个宾语补足语进一步说明,意思才完整。宾语+宾语补足语构成复合宾语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑的主谓关系。双宾语之间则没有逻辑的主谓关系。
可作宾语补足语的词类有:名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词和介词短语。
常见的要求带宾补的动词有:make,elect,choose,call,name,leave,find, keep, think, set, let,see,show,ask,tell,invite,want,wish,advise,get,force,oblige,allow,permit,like,encourage,order,expect,prefer,hate,persuade等。
Her parents named her Mary.(名词)父母给她取名玛丽。
Do you find life hard here?(形容词)你感觉这儿的生活艰苦吗?
I’m so glad I found you in.(副词)我很高兴你在家。
I strongly advised him not to do so.(不定式)我竭力劝他不要这样做。
Suddenly I felt the atmosphere grow tense.
(不带to 的不定式)我突然感到气氛紧张起来。
I noticed him leaving the house.(-ing形式)我注意到他离开房子。
I was glad to see them so well treated.
(-ed形式)看到他们受到这样好的待遇,我很高兴。
另外,有些动词要求用it作形式宾语,名词或形容词作宾补,如:make,find,feel,think.
I feel it necessary to speak about my opinion.
(形容词)我觉得有必要谈谈我的意见。
思考题
1、什么叫双宾语?
2、什么叫复合宾语?
3、双宾语和复合宾语有什么区别?举例说明。
练习题:说出系列各句分别是哪种句型;如果含有宾补,请划出作宾补的词语。
1、The old man stopped to watch the children playing.
2、She is deeply moved.
3、What I want is this.
4、She is out.
5、Her job is looking after the children.
6、I hope that you can often write me letters.
7、Allow me a few minutes to read the magazine.
8、She offered an old man her seat.
9、She wrote a letter to me.(她写了封信给我。)
10、She wrote a letter for me.(她替我写了封信。)
11、How do you find the dish?
12、Please ask them upstairs.
13、Will you allow me to take this magazine home?
14、I’ve never seen you look so well before.
15、He kept you wait a long time.
16、They invited me to attend the party.
17、They made Smith the president of the University.
18、Doctors recognize Johnson as a leading authority.
19、His teacher advised him to take up the piano.
20、He gave me the facts in brief
第二节 并列句
并列句包括两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简单句。其结构为“简单句+连词+简单句”或中间由“;”连接。
1、表示延续、并列关系的连词有and(同,和),so(所以,因此),for, therefore(因为,所以),not only…but(also)(不仅……而且),neither…nor(既不……也不)等。如:
We help them and they help us.
我们帮助他们,他们帮助我们。
He has been working hard, so he has made much progress recently.
他一直努力工作,所以他近来取得了很大进步。
I think,therefore I exist.
我思故我在。
She not only writes her own plays, but she also acts in them.
她不仅自己编剧本,还饰演其中的角色。
He neither speaks English, nor understands it.
他既不会讲英语,也听不懂英语。
2、表示两者之间选择其一常用的有or(或者,否则),otherwise(否则),or else(否则),either…or(不是……就是)。如:
Either he is to blame or I am.
不是他该受责,就是我该受责。
You must go to work or/or else/otherwise you’ll lose your job.
你得去上班了,要不然就要失去这份工作了。
3、表示转折关系的并列连词有but(但是),yet(然而),still(仍然),however(然而),while(而,可是另一方面),whereas(而,反过来)等。
He is well over seventy, but he doesn’t look at all old.
他七十多岁,但看上去一点儿也不老。
She trained hard all year, yet she still failed to reach her best form.
她全年艰苦训练,然而仍未达到自己的最佳状态。
I drink black coffee while he prefers it with cream
我爱喝清咖啡而他喜欢加奶油的。
第三节 复合句
复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。从句包括名词性从句(主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句)、状语从句和定语从句。 如:
What he said is true. 他所说的是真的。(主语从句)
I didn’t hear what he had said. 我没听见他说的什么。(宾语从句)
The question is who will go there. 问题是谁愿意去那里。(表语从句)
I was about to leave,when the telephone rang.
我正准备离开,电话响了。(状语从句)
This is the book that I bought yesterday. 这是我昨天买的书。(定语从句)
名词性从句、状语从句和定语从句三大从句的具体用法下面我们要分别具体解释。
练习:判断下列句子是并列句还是复合句。
1. The wind blew hard; the snow fell heavily.
2. Use your head,and you’11 find the answer.
3. Do what you’ve been told,otherwise you will be punished.
4. Would you like a cup of coffee or shall we get down to business right away?
5. He is strong,while his brother is weak.
6. He got up early,(and)yet he failed to catch the early bus.
7. He knew what he wanted,however,he didn’t know how to get it.
8. Why he didn’t come wasn’t quite clear.
9. When we’ll have the sports meet hasn’t been decided yet.
10. She is weak, while his son is strong.
11. Though he is old,(yet)he works very hard.
12. I really believe(that)Tom was telling the truth.
13. I am sure that we can get there on time.
14. Do you know the man who is talking to Mr. Jack?
15. Where there is a will, there is a way.
16. Spring comes and trees turn green.
17. He doesn’t smoke,neither/nor does his brother.
18. I spoke so slowly that I could make myself understood.
第四节 名词性从句
一、 定义
首先,请同学们说出下列句各中划线词的词性及语法作用。
Mary is a teacher.
I like English.
结论:它们都是名词,在句中分别做主语、表语和宾语。即在英语中名词的主要作用是做主语、表语和宾语。
然后,我们一起分析下列各句中划线部分的语法作用。
That Mary is a teacher is known to us all.
I know that Mary is a teacher.
The fact is that Mary is a teacher.
结论:它们分别做主语、宾语和表语。均起到了一个名词的作用。再者,划线部分本身就是一个句子,故在复合句中起名词作用的从句统称名词性从句。
二、分类
请重读上述例句并依据它们在全句中的作用,说出它们具体的从句名称。
That Mary is a teacher is known to us all.
I know that Mary is a teacher.
The fact is that Mary is a teacher.
结论:在复合句中起主语作用的从句称为主语从句;
起____作用的从句称为宾语从句;
起表语作用的从句称为____从句;
名词性从句分三类:主语从句;宾语从句和表语从句。
三、连词
引导名词性从句的引导词有三类:
1. that
2. whether/if(主要用于引导主语从句和宾语从句);as if(主要用于引导表语从句)
3. who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how.
主语从句
that引导的主语从句
That he will come tomorrow is certain.
That she became monitor made us happy.
英文中有一种习惯,把that 引导的主语从句用it来代替它,即it做形式主语,把做真正主语的主语从句放在主句之后。如:
That he will come tomorrow is certain.
=It is certain that he will come tomorrow. 再例:
It is necessary that we learn English well.
It is a pity that we can’t go shopping.
It is said that he has been to England.
whether引导的主语从句
Whether she will be our teacher is not clear.
=It is not clear whether she will be our teacher.
Whether he will succeed or not doesn’t interest me.
=It doesn’t interest me whether he will succeed or not.
wh-词和how 引导的主语从句
(who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why均以wh开头,故统称wh-词)
Who will be our English teacher has not been decided.
What you have said sounds reasonable.
注意:1. that在主语从句中不起任何语法作用,但不能省略。
2. if 不能引导主语从句。
宾语从句
它可以作动词谓语的宾语,也可作非谓语动词、某些介词和某些形容词的宾语。
that引导的宾语从句
I really believe(that)Tom was telling the truth.
I am sure that we can get there on time.
由that引起的宾语从句在意思上相当于陈述句,此时that常可省去,但在以下几种情况下,that不可省。
1)that从句被短语,词组等与谓语动词分隔开时,that不可省。
They told us once again that this should never happen.
(此句中that引导的宾语从句被词组once again与主句隔开,因此that不可省。)
Everyone could see,I believe, that Mike was terrified.
(句中I believe为插入语,故that不可省)
2)当连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,第二个从句及以后的连接词that不可省。
She said(that)her mother had gone abroad and that she would come back in a week.
whether,if 引导的宾语从句
I don,t know if/whether he has ever been to New York.
I wonder whether he can speak German or not.
以上例句中的whether和if(是否)都是引导宾语从句的,一般情况下whether,和if可互换。但在下列情况下whether和if不可换用。
1)whether之后可紧跟or not或构成whether.. .or not结构,if后一般不能紧跟or not,但可构成if...or not结构.
I wonder whether/if Mr.Smith has arrived or not.
I wonder whether or not Mr.Smith has arrived.(不可用if代替)
2)当宾语从句是否定句时,只可用if而不可用whether。
I don’t care if she doesn’t smile.
3)当该宾语从句为介词宾语时,只可用whether而不可用if.
I’m not interested in whether you are against the proposal or not.
4)当宾语从句中出现了并列连词or构成的并列结构时,只可用whether而不可用if.
He asked me whether I was a student or a teacher.
wh-词和how 引导的宾语从句
I can’t imagine why he did that thing.
Please tell me where you went yesterday.
注意:1. 整个复合句是疑问句时,其中的宾语从句应用陈述句的语序。
2. 当主句的谓语动词是过去时态时,宾语从句的谓语应用过去相应的时态。(表示真理的和客观事实的除外)
表语从句
that引导的表语从句
The reason was that he fell ill.
My idea is that we should spend our holiday in Qingdao.
as if 引导的表语从句
The question is whether it is worth doing.
It looks as if it is going to rain.
wh-词和how 引导的表语从句
Is this where he was born?
The important thing is what on earth has happened to him.
The question is who will go there.
思考题
1.主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句为什么统称为名词性从句?
2.that 引导主语从句和宾语从句有什么异同?
3.whether 和if 在引导名词性从句时的区别是什么?
4.在宾语从句中,哪几种情况that不能省略?在语序和时态方面应注意什么?
练习:
一、找出下列各复合句中的从句并说明是什么从句,且口译全句。
1. It is a wonder that he should know so much about this matter.
2. I’m sure that you are the tallest man in the world.
3. We are afraid that the trip will be too much for an old man.
4. It doesn’t make much difference whether they come or not.
5. Whether or not he is your friend doesn’t too much.
6. Where she has gone is not known yet.
7. You may take whatever you like.
8. He told me where he had been.
9. I know when we will take off for London.
10. How he became a three-good student is known to us a11.
11. Why he didn’t come wasn’t quite clear.
12. It happened that they went out when I called.
13. When we’11 have the sports meet hasn’t been decided yet.
14. Whom the teacher will praise in class is an important question.
15. I’m sorry that I didn’t recognize you just now.
16. We are glad that none of you failed in this exam.
17. He said that he would call on his old teacher.
18. I heard that some of the old teachers in our school had retired.
19. I want to know what has happened to her.
20. Whose answer is correct will be discussed at the meeting.
21. Which composition is the best will be decided tomorrow.
22. I was surprised at what you said.
23. Did he say anything about how the work was to be done?
24. The question is whether it worth doing.
25. The reason is that he fell ill.
二、单项选择
1.Can you tell me_____?
A. who is that gentleman B.that gentleman is who
C. who that gentleman is D.whom is that gentleman
2.Can you tell me _____ the railway station?
A, how I can get to B. how can I get to
C. where I can get to D.where can I get to
3.Ask her _____ come with me.
A. if she will B.if will she
C.whether will she D.will she
4. I have no idea _____ far the airport is from here.
A.what B. how C.it’s D.that
5.They have no idea at all ______ .
A. where he has gone B.where did he go
C. which place has he gone D.where has he gone
6._____ he said is true.
A. What B.That C.Which D.Whether
7._____ you have done might do harm to other people.
A.That B. What C.Which D.This
8.They want to know _____ do to help us.
A. what can they B. what they can
C. how they can D.how can they
9. These photographs will show you ______.
A.what does our village look like B. what our village looks like
C.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like
10. _____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone B.The person C. Whoever D.Who
11. _____ we need more practice is quite clear.
A.When B.What C. That D./
l2. _____ I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business
A.If B. Whether C. Even if D.No matter when
13._____ he is doing seems quite difficult.
A.How B.That C.Which D. What
14. ______ that there is another good harvest this year.
A.It says B. It is said C.I was said D.He was said
15. It is suggested that a new building_____.
A. be built at once B. should build next year
C.would be built at once D. could be built next year
16.It is suggested that the experiment _____ under low temperature.
A.makes B.is making C. should be made D.will be made
17._____ was quite helpful.
A. What they advised me to do B.That they advised me to do
C. What did they advise me to do D.All what they advised me to do
18._____ still needs to be discussed.
A. How is the plan to be carried out B. How the plan is to be carried out
C. Why is the plan carried out D. Why the plan is carried out
19.The question is _____ we’11 overcome all the difficulties.
A.what B. how C.that D.which
20.Shanghai is no longer the same city _____ .
A. as it used to be B.what it used to be
C. as it is used to being D.that it used to be
21.Is it possible _____ he misunderstood _____ I said?
A.that, that B. what, what
C.what, that D. that, what
22.He thought _____ he might fail in the exam worried him.
A.which B. that C.when D.so that
23.The fact is ____ he is an advanced worker.
A.what B.which C. that D.why
24.I have no idea _____.
A. what does the word“infinity”mean
B. what the word“infinity”means
C. what the meaning of word the“infinity”
D. what the word“infinity”mean
25.I wonder _____ he asked such a silly question in public.
A.how B.what C.that D. why
26.Are you sure _____?
A. whether she is honest B.that she is honesty
C. she is honest D.is she honest
27.He _____ you are not going abroad.
A.surprised that B. is surprised that
C.surprised at D. is surprised whether
28. What I said was wrong in the last letter for you.I wish I ______ it back.
A. could take B. would take C.will take D.take
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临床医学是研究疾病的病因、诊断、治疗和预后,提高临床治疗水平,促进人体健康的科学。是直接面对疾病、病人,对病人直接实施治疗的科学。那么你知道临床医学用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。
临床医学概论 Introduction to Clinical Medicine
临床医学影像 Images in Clinical Medicine
临床医学检验 clinical laboratory techniques
临床医学专家 Specialists in clinical medicine
临床医学专业学位 degree of clinical medicine
临床医学类期刊 Nature Clinical Practice Journals
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医学博士意指“医学教师”,为医学学位的一个衔头,在不同国家有不同的定义。那么你知道医学博士用英语怎么说吗?下面跟着读文网小编一起来学习一下吧。
Medical Doctor
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现今医学分为传统医学、基于“生物-医学模式”近代发展起来的西医。从就业形式来看,医学类的就业情况依然是最好的。那么你知道医学专业用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。
1. Be a professional website in preventive medicine in China!
致力于打造中国预防医学专业医学门户网!
2. To explore how to make up multimedia courseware among medical professional teachers.
本文探讨医学专业教师多媒体制作课件问题.
3. The relative countermeasures of enhancing teaching quality of physiological experiment were proposed.
就如何提高动物医学专业生理学实验的教学质量提出了相关对策.
4. Thirteen medical students will learn about treating children and performing operations.
十三个医学专业的学生将学习有关治疗儿童和手术操作方面的知识.
5. Bachelor degree or above at Clinical Medicine with over 1 - year working experience.
临床医学专业,本科学历或以上学历,一年以上工作经验.
6. Medical genetics is an important medical major that contains rich humanistic resources.
医学遗传学是一门重要的医学专业,具有非常丰富的人文内涵.
7. The medical student studies the skeleton of the human body.
这位医学专业的学生研究人体的尸骸.
8. I do not believe the medical profession has a monopoly on morality.
我不认为医学专业是唯一的高尚的职业.
9. Food Testing was the experimental and applied basic courses for Prevent Medicine.
《食品检验》是预防医学专业一门实验性和应用性很强的专业基础课.
10. College Degree in Nursing or Medicine.
大专学历,护理或医学专业.
11. There are many medical specialties.
有很多医学专业.
12. Medical professionals call autism spectrum disorders.
它的医学专业称谓是自闭症障碍.
13. The article summarize the measures on constituting the model of community oriented preventive medicine education.
对如何建立以社区为基础非预防医学专业预防医学教育教学模式进行总结.
14. And we focus on technical report and clinical and basic research world wide.
我们关注全球最新的医学专业上报道以及临床、基础研究进展情况.
15. I am a sweet , caring , openminded, warmhearted , educated Chinese girl. I like reading, swimming, travilling, music.
医学专业毕业{士}现从是美容, 心地善良, 真诚, 喜欢阅读, 游泳, 旅游, 听音乐及健康的生活方式.
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考研英语2024备考复习技巧
考研英语分为英语一,英语二。考研英语一和英语二的题型都有英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作。以下是小编为大家收集的关于考研英语2024备考复习技巧的相关内容,供大家参考!
1、考研英语二的总考试时长是180分钟。
2、第一部分的20个选择题,可以安排20分钟。
3、第二部分的A节安排75分钟,B节安排25分钟。预计总时长是100分钟。
4、第三部分的英译汉,安排20分钟。
5、第四部分的Part A安排15分钟,Part B安排25分钟。预计总时长是40分钟。
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硕士研究生考研英语完型填空题及答案(2024)
为了让考研的同学更高效地复习考研英语,小编考研频道已经整理出了2024年考研英语完型填空试题和答案。如果你正在准备考研,不妨了解一下这些资料,希望它们能对你的备考有所帮助。
考研的考场分配根据考生的所在地以及报考学校等进行安排,在职人员考研时,考场一般都会分配在户籍所在地或工作单位所在地。
考研报考同一学校的考生理论上是分配在一个考点,甚至是同一考场的。考研报考同一学校的相同专业和不同专业是一起考试的。因为考研的考点、考场分配是实行统一管理,采取统一分配的原则,便于管理。
考研考场还有另外的分配方法,是划分考研的考场、考点时先按照各省、各市进行统一划分,然后是按照学校进行划分,再次是按照专业进行划分。
总之就是考研考场怎么分配对于考生的影响不大,考生只需要按照准考证所指示的前往指定考点进行考试即可,并且携带相关证件。
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