为您找到与动词的语态语法总结相关的共200个结果:
他一定要我们收下这些礼物。
误:He insisted us to accept these gifts.
正:He insisted on us [our] accepting these gifts.
正:He insisted that we (should) accept these gifts.
正:He insisted on it that we (should) accept these gifts.
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need一词是中学英语“四会”(听、说、读、写)词汇之一,能够充分理解和正确运用它是教学大纲的必然要求。但由于其词性多变,许多学生对它满怀疑惑,特别是在需要将句子变为否定与疑问的时候不知是在其后加not呢,还是借助助动词。
虽然need一词的汉语意思都与“需要”有关,但就词性而言,它可用作实义动词、情态动词和名词;词性发生了变化,它的用法与在句子中所起的作用也随之改变。下面是读文网小编为同学们总结了need的情态动词用法,希望大家可以学以致用!
“need”既可以作情态动词,也可以作实义动词,但是它们的用法不同。
作为情态动词的“need”的用法与其他情态动词“can”,“may”,“must”的用法基本相同:在限定动词词组中总是位居第一,没有非限定形式,即没有不定式、-ing分词或-ed分词等形式;第三人称单数现在时没有词形变化;情态动词之间是相互排斥的,即在一个限定动词词组中只能有一个情态动词。
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下面是小编整理的一些关于动词make的用法总结,以供大家学习参考。
1 You can't make him come with us if he doesn't want to.如果他不想来,你不能强迫他跟我们一起来。make在这里做使役动词用,后面的come是省to 的宾语补足语。
2 The policemen made him wait at the poice station all day.警察把他羁押在警察局里整整一天。make在这里做使役动词用,后面的wait是省to 的宾语补足语。但是这句话如果变成被动语态,那么动词不定式不能省to.He was made to wait at the police station all day.
make做实义动词用时,经常有一些固定搭配的词组。
1 be made of...,由......构成。
The Crystal Palace was made of iron and glass.《NCE2》L80。
水晶宫是由玻璃和铁构成的。(原材料的特性没有改变)
2 be made from...,由......做成。
Cheese is made from milk.
干酪是用牛奶制成的。(原材料milk已经看不见了)
3 be made in...,在......地方制造。
The Ford car is made in America.
这辆伏特车是美国生产的。
4 make sb. sth./ make sth. for sb. 为某人做某事。(make后面带双宾语)
Shall I make you(间接宾语)a sandwich(直接宾语)? / Shall I make a sandwich for you?
我为你做一个三明治好吗?
5 与名词连用的常用词组:
a.to make a law/rule. 制定法律/法规。
b.to make a mistake.犯错误。
c.to make a guess.猜一下。
d.to make a comment/ statement.发表评论/声明。
e.to make a suggestion. 提出建议。
f.to make progress.取得进步。
g.to make a dicision.(decide)做决定。
h.to make an appointment.约定。
i.to make a speech.做演讲。
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下面是小编整理的一些关于情态动词的用法总结,欢迎大家阅读!
possibility: can / could, may / might
certainty: must, will, should
ability: can / could, be able to
permission: can / could, may / might
requests: can / could, will / would
suggestions: could / may /might, shall
necessity: must, have to, have got to, need
advice: ought to, had better
1) may (might) have + done sth., can (could) have + done sth. 表示过去,推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。
e.g. Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.#p#副标题#e#
2) must have+done sth., 表示对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,具有“肯定”的意思。
e.g. --- Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.
--- She must have gone by bus.
3) ought to have done sth.should have done sth.本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做; 否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。
e.g. You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.
He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.(事实上已扔了。)
注: ought to 在语气上比should 要强。
4) needn’t have done sth. 本没必要做某事
e.g. I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn’t have done so. The weather was hot.
5) would like to have done sth. 本打算做某事
e.g. I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.
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以下是小编为大家整理的动词的用法总结,希望能帮助大家更好地认识动词,提高英语水平。
动词可以按照含义及它们在句中的作用分成四类,即行为动词(也称实义动词)、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。
(一)行为动词
行为动词(实义动词)是表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的词义完整,可以单独作谓语。例如:
I live in Beijing with my mother.(我和我妈妈住在北京。)live,住
It has a round face.(它有一张圆脸。)has,有
(二)连系动词
连系动词是表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词,它虽有词义,但不完整,所以不能单独作谓语,必须跟表语一起构成合成谓语,例如:
We are in Grade Two this year.(今年我们在两年级。)are,是
are 这个词的词义“是”在句子中常常不译出。
连系动词可具体分为三类:
1、表示“是”的动词be。这个词在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中有不同的形式,is,am,are,was,were,have/has been等要特别予以注意。例如:
He is a teacher.(他是个教师。)
He was a soldier two years ago.(两年前他是个士兵。)
We are Chinese.(我们是中国人。)
2、表示“感觉”的词,如look(看起来),feel(觉得,摸起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来)等,例如:
She looked tired.(她看一去很疲劳。)
I feel ill.(我觉得不舒服。)
Cotton feels soft.(棉花摸起来很软。)
The story sounds interesting.(这个故事听起来很有趣。)
The flowers smell sweet.(这些花闻起来很香。)
The mixture tasted horrible.(这药水太难喝了。)
3、表示“变”、“变成”的意思的词,如become, get, grow, turn, 都解释为“变”、“变得”,例如:
She became a college student.(她成了一名大学生。)
He feels sick. His face turns white.(他感到不舒服,他的脸色变苍白了。)
The weather gets warmer and the days get longer when spring comes.(春天来了,天气变得暖和些了,白天也变得较长些了。)
He grew old.(他老了。)
[难点解释]
注意区别以下一些动词的用法,它们既可以作为行为动词,又可以作为连系动词。
1、look看;看起来
He is looking at the picture.(他正在看这图片。)行为动词
It looks beautiful.(它看上去很美丽。)连系动词
2、fell摸;感觉
1)I felt someone touch my arm.(我感到有人碰我的手臂。)行为动词
Are you felling better today than before?(你今天比以前感到好些了吗?)连系动词
3、smell嗅;闻起来
My little brother likes to smell the apple before he eats it.(我的小弟弟喜欢在吃苹果前闻一闻。)行为动词
Great! The flowers smell nice.(这些花闻起来多香啊!)连系动词
4、sound弄响,发音;听起来
The letter “h” in hour is not sounded.(在hour这个词中字母h是不发音的。)行为动词
The gun sounded much closer.(枪声听起来更近了。)连系动词
5、taste辨味;尝起来
Please taste the soup.(请尝一口汤。)行为动词
The soup tastes terrible.(这汤尝起来味道太差了。)连系动词
6、get得到,获得;变
There are some bananas on the table. Each of you can get one.(桌上有些香蕉,你们每个人可以拿一个。)行为动词
7、grow生长,种植;变
Do you grow rice in your country?(你们的国家种水稻吗?)行为动词
It’s too late. It’s growing dark.(太迟了,天渐渐变暗了。)连系动词
8、turn转动,翻动,使变得;变
The earth turns around the sun.(地球绕着太阳转。)行为动词
When spring comes, the trees turn green and the flowers come out.(春天来了,树叶变经绿了,花儿开了。)连系动词
上述句子中的动词如grow、get、turn等,既可以作连系动词,又可以作行为动词。如何来辨别它们呢?有一个最简便的方法,即用连系动词be替换句子中的这些动词,句子仍然成立就是连系动词;反之,不能替换的,就是行为动词。例如:
The trees turn/are green when spring comes.(春天来临,树叶变绿。)
The earth rurns around the sun.(地球绕着太阳转。)
这第二句句子中的turn是行为动词,意为“转动”。无法以is替换。
(三)助动词
这类词本身无词义,不能单独作谓语,只能与主要动词一起构成谓语,表示不同的时态、语态、表示句子的否定和疑问,例如:
He does not speak English well.(他英语讲得不好。)
句中的does是助动词,既表示一般现在时,又与not一起构成否定形式。
A dog is running after a cat.(一条狗正在追逐一只猫。)
句中的is 是助动词,和run的现在分词一起构成现在进行时。
Did he have any milk and bread for his breakfast ?(他早餐喝牛奶、吃面包吗?)
句中的did是助动词,既表示一般过去时,又和动词have一起构成疑问。
(四)情态动词
这类词本身虽有意义,但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、说话人的语气或情态,如“可能”、“应当”等。这类动词有can, may, must, need, dare, could, might等。它们不能单独作谓语,必须与行为动词(原形)一起作谓语,表示完整的意思,例如:
I can dance.(我会跳舞。)can, 能, 会
He can’t walk because he is a baby.(因为他是个婴儿,不会走路。)can’t, 不必
May I come in?(我可以进来吗?)may, 可以
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以下是小编为大家整理的should,would的用法总结,希望能帮助大家更好地认识should,would的用法,提高英语水平。
"What shall I do next week?"I asked.
"我下周干什么?"我问道。(可以说,shall变成间接引语时,变成了should。)
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以下是小编为大家整理的短语动词的用法总结,希望能帮助大家更好地认识各种短语动词,提高英语水平。
如look forward to, put up with, looked up to, go in for, go along with, date back to, look down on, keep up with, add up to, run out of等。如:
She soon caught up with us. 她很快赶上了我们。
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以下是小编为大家整理的不定式的用法总结,希望能帮助大家更好地认识不定式,提高英语水平。
不定式的时态。动词不定式一般有三种时态形式,即一般式、进行式和完成式。
(1) 一般式(to+动词原形):表示与主句谓语动词动作同时(或几乎同时)发生或在主句谓语动词之后发生的事情。例如:
We’re happy to have you on our side.有你在我们这边我们很高兴。
I saw him go out.我看见他出去了。( 不定式go out 与 see同时发生。)
They invited me to have dinner with them.他们邀请我和他们一起吃晚饭。
I hope to see you again.我希望再见到你(to see发生在hope之后)
(2) 进行式(to be+现在分词):表示主句谓语的动作发生时,不定式动作正在进行。例如:
She’s said /believed to be living nearby. 据说/据信她就住在附近。
When he came in, I happened to be sleeping in bed.他进来时,我碰巧正在床上睡觉。
They seem/appear to be enjoying themselves.看上去他们似乎很快活。
He pretended to be doing his homework when he heard his father’s sound他听见父亲的声音,假装正在做作业。
The president was reported to be visiting the hospital.据报道总统正在访问那家医院。
(3)完成式(to have+过去分词):表示在主句谓语的动作之前发生的事情。:如:
I’m glad to have met your parents here. 我很高兴在这儿见到了你父母(已见过)
I’m sorry to have kept him waiting for me so long.我很抱歉让他等了我这样久。(已经等过了)
动词不定式的完成式和下列动词的过去时连用,表示过去没有实现的事情:plan, hope, expect, be, intend, mean, wish, 等。注意一定是它们的过去时。另外还有should/would like/love。这个结构表示“本打算/想/计划…”的意思。例如:
The game were to have taken place in Room.比赛原计划在罗马举行。
He planned to have gone abroad last week. =He planned to go abroad but he didn’t. 他原计划上周出国的。
I’d like to have been offered the job and(to have been)given the opportunity to prove myself.我真想(当时)把这个工作给了我,给我个机会让我证明我自己。
同样的意思也可用上述动词的过去完成时加动词不定式的一般式来表达。例如:
I had hoped to visit the great pyramid. =I hoped to have visited the great pyramid. =I hoped to visit it, but I didn’t. 我本希望参观大金字塔的。
They would have liked to have your help. =They would like to have had your help. =They wanted to have your help but they didn’t have it. 他们本想得到你帮助的。
不定式的被动语态。当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动形式有两种:
一般式:to be+过去分词
完成式:to have been+过去分词
You’re lucky to have been accepted .你很幸运已经被接受了。
These criminals are to be hanged .这些罪犯是将被绞死的。
We’re glad to have been invited. 受到邀请我们很高兴。
What’s to be done next? 下一步做什么?
It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here. 我很荣幸应邀在这里讲话。
为了避免重复,不定式可省略,但to有时保留,有时不保留。例如:
You will make it if you try (to). 如果你努力,你会成功的。
George says he is going to leave Shanghai, but I don’t think he really wants to. George说要离开上海,但是我不认为他真的愿意走。
Some of them retired, and others were ready to.一些人退休了,还有的准备退。
He always speaks faster than he needs to.他说话总是没必要的快。
I’d like to do it now, but I haven’t got the time (to). 我倒是想现在干,但没时间。
“Would you go there with me?” “I’m glad to.”“你愿意和我一起去吗?”“愿意。”
“Did you pass the exam?” “No, I tried (to), but I failed.”“你考试及格了吗?”“没有,我努力了,但没成功。
“Do you want to sing them an English song?” “I prefer not to.” “你愿意为他们唱首英文歌吗?”“我不想唱。”
You’d better sing an English song if they ask you (to) again.如果他们再要求你,你最后唱一首英文歌。
后面常省略不定式而保留to的结构,还有:
used to 常常 be going to 打算
mean to 打算 ought to 应该
plan to 计划 want to 要想
两个不定式由and, or, except, but, than 连接时,第二个可省略to,尤其是两个不定式紧密相连时。如:
I intend to call on him and discuss this question again,我打算去拜访他并和他谈谈这个问题。
I’d like to lie down and go to sleep.我想躺下睡觉。
You’re free to talk or laugh here.在这里你可以随便说笑。
I’m anxious to go and ask him about it.我急于去问问他这个事。
Do you want to have lunch now or wait till later? 你想现在吃午饭还是再等会儿?
We had nothing to do except (to) look at the posters outside the cinema. 我们无事可做,只有看看电影院外面的招贴。
He had nothing to do except talk nonsense. 除了胡说八道,他没别的事干。
I would rather die than be insulted.我宁死也不受侮辱。
I’ll do anything but work on a farm. 除了去农场干活,我什么都干。
It’s easier to persuade people than (to) force them. 说服人容易,强迫人难。
It’s better to take a taxi than (to) wait here.搭出租车也比在这等强。
句子中but后面的不定式带不带to,取决于but前面的句子里含不含do,只要有与do/did有关的词(do作谓语,to do作定语等等),but后面的不定式就省掉to。
I have no choice but to go there alone. 除了独自一个去以外, 我别无选择。
I can do nothing but go there alone. 除了独自一个到那里去,我别无选择。
I have nothing to do but go there alone. 除了独自一个到那里去我没事可干。
He did nothing but cry all day long. 他除了整天哭,什么也不干。
时态/语态 主动被动
一般式 to doto be done
进行式 to be doing
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing
1) 现在时:一般现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
He seems to know this.
I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again.我希望再见到你。
2) 完成时:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
He seems to have caught a cold.
3) 完成进行时:
She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.
4) 进行时: 表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
He seems to be eating something.
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以下是小编为大家整理的感官动词 + doing/to do的用法总结,希望能帮助大家提高英语水平。
感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性,真实性;+doing 表示动作的连续性,进行性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)
昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
1)The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river.
A. playing B. to be playingC. playD. to play
答案A. 本题强调其动作,正在河边玩,应此用see sb. doing sth句型。
2)They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.
A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow
答案:A。因题意为,他们看着她长大,因此强调的是成长的过程,而非正在长的动作,因此用see sb do sth 的句型。
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如今,TEM4日益受到人们的关注与重视,其重要性不言而喻,本论文主要以近几年英语专业四级试题为例,针对词汇和语法两个方面,结合理论和实践对试卷命题进行分析,从而为教师教学及学生答题总结一些有效的方法。
1)通常作复数的集体名词?
集体名词,如:police, people, cattle, militia, poultry等,通常作复数,用复数动词。如:?
Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides.?
2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词?
有些集体名词,如foliage, machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise,通常作不可数名词,随后的动词用单数。例如:All the machinery in the factory is made in China.?
3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词?
集体名词,如audience, committee, class, crew, family, public, government等,既可作单数,也可作复数用。?The city council is meeting to set its agenda.?
4) a committee, etc. of +复数名词?
如果主语是由“a committee of /a panel of /a board of +复数名词”构成,随后的动词通常用单数。例如:?A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.?
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非谓语动词是历年的热点、难点和重点。在学习非谓语动词时,好多同学感到"剪不断,理还乱"。所以在复习中,非常有必要通过观察、比较,归纳掌握其用法,并总结其用法。下面是读文网小编整理的非谓语动词用法总结大全,希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助。
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的
Travelling is interesting but tiring.旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳。
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。
The argument is very convincing.他的论点很令人信服。
They were very excited at the news.听到这个消息,他们非常激动。
3.不定式和动名词作宾语的区别
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求:
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语
attempt企图enable能够neglect忽视
afford负担得起demand要求long渴望
arrange安排destine注定mean意欲,打算
begin开始expect期望omit忽略,漏
appear似乎,显得determine决定manage设法
cease停止hate憎恨,厌恶pretend假装
ask问dread害怕need需要
agree同意desire愿望love爱
swear宣誓volunteer志愿wish希望
bear承受endeavor努力offer提供
beg请求fail不能plan计划
bother扰乱;烦恼forget忘记prefer喜欢,宁愿
care关心,喜欢happen碰巧prepare准备
decide决定learn学习regret抱歉,遗憾
choose选择hesitate犹豫profess表明
claim要求hope希望promise承诺,允许
start开始undertake承接want想要
consent同意,赞同intend想要refuse拒绝
decide决定learn学习vow起
contrive设法,图谋incline有…倾向propose提议
seek找,寻觅try试图
2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补:动词+宾语+动词不定式
ask要求,邀请get请,得到prompt促使
allow允许forbid禁止prefer喜欢,宁愿
announce宣布force强迫press迫使
bride 收买inspire鼓舞request请求
assist协助hate憎恶pronounce断定,表示
advise劝告exhort告诫,勉励pray请求
authorize授权,委托help帮助recommend劝告,推荐
bear容忍implore恳求remind提醒
beg请求induce引诱report报告
compel强迫invite吸引,邀请,summon传唤
command命令intend想要,企图show 显示
drive驱赶mean意欲,打算train训练
cause引起instruct指示require要求
deserve应受leave使,让tell告诉
direct指导like喜欢tempt劝诱
entitle有资格order命令warn告诫
enable使能够need需要urge激励,力说
encourage鼓励oblige不得不want想要
condemn指责,谴责lead引起,使得teach教
entreat恳求permit允许wish希望#p#副标题#e#
(2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语
acknowledge承认,自认cease 停止mention说到,讲到
admit 承认tolerate忍受dislike不喜欢,讨厌
advocate:提倡,主张complete完成dread可怕
appreciate 感激,欣赏confess坦白endure忍受
avoid避免contemplate细想enjoy享有,喜爱
bear忍受defer拖延envy嫉妒
can't help不禁delay延迟escape逃跑,逃避
can't stand受不了deny否认excuse借口
consider 考虑detest嫌恶fancy幻想,爱好
favor 造成,偏爱mind 介意repent悔悟
figure描绘,计算miss错过resent怨恨
finish完成,结束不得pardon原谅,饶恕resist抵抗,阻止
forgive原谅permit 允许resume恢复
imagine设想postpone延迟,延期risk冒险
involve卷入,包含practise 实行,实践suggest建议
hate讨厌prevent阻止save营救,储蓄
keep保持quit放弃停止stand坚持,忍受
loathe非常讨厌,厌恶recall回想
例如:I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。
(3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别
1)forget to do 忘记要去做某事(此事未做)
forget doing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)
2)stop to do 停止、中断(某件事),目的是去做另一件事
stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事
3)remember to do 记住去做某事(未做)
remember doing记得做过某事(已做)
4) regret to do对要做的事遗憾
regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔
5)try to do努力、企图做某事
try doing试验、试一试某种办法
6) mean to do打算,有意要…
mean doing意味着
7)go on to do 继而(去做另外一件事情)
go on doing 继续(原先没有做完的事情)
8)propose to do 打算(要做某事)
proposing doing建议(做某事)
9) like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具体行为;+doing sth 表示抽象、倾向概念
(注)如果这些动词前有should一词,其后宾语只跟不定式,不能跟动名词。例如:
I should like to see him tomorrow.
10) need, want, deserve +动名词表被动意义;+不定式被动态表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
You must remember to leave tomorrow.你可要记着是明天动身。
I don't regret telling her what I thought.我不后悔给她讲过我的想法。(已讲过)
I regret to have to do this,but I have no choice.我很遗憾必须这样去做,我实在没办法。(未做但要做)
You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。
Let's try doing the work some other way.让我们试一试用另外一种办法来做这工作。
I didn't mean to hurt your feeling.我没想要伤害你的感情。
This illness will mean (your) going to hospital.得了这种病(你)就要进医院。
4.不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别
(1)不定式作定语
1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系
He was the last one to leave school yesterday.昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。
The train to arrive was from London.将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。
2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系
Get him something to eat.给他拿点儿东西吃。
She has a lot of work to do in the morning.早上他有很多工作要做。
3)不及物动词构成的不定式做定语,要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系,这里的介词不能省去。
I need a pen to write with.我需要一支笔写字。
There is nothing to worry about.没有什么值得发愁的。
4)不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如:
ability能力,本领drive赶,驾驶movement运动,活动
ambition抱负,野心effort努力,尝试need需要,需求
campaign战役,运动failure失败,不及格opportunity机会
chance机会force力,压力,要点promise许诺,希望
courage勇气intention意向,意图reason理由,原因
decision决定method方法,方式light光,光线,亮光
determination决心,决定motive动机,目的struggle奋斗,努力,
tendency倾向,趋势wish希望,愿望,祝愿
5)被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next,second, last, only和not a,the等限定词时候,只能用不定式。
6)不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等习惯上用不定式做定语。
John will do anything but work on a farm.除了农活,约翰什么都愿意干。
7)如果其动词要求用不定式做宾语,或者其形容词要器接不定式做补语,则相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如:tend to do---tendency to do;decide to do = decision to do;be curious to do = curiosity to do
His wish to buy a car came true.他要买辆车的愿望实现了。
Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us.
他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们大吃一惊。
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
他总是第一个到来,最后一个离去。
(2)分词作定语
分词作定语时有下面几个特点:
1)现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词一般表示被动含意。
2)现在分词表示正在进行,过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。
He rushed into the burning house.他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。
The child standing over there is my brother.站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。
The room facing south is our classroom.朝南的房间是我们的教室。
Have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那个修好的表了吗?
He is an advanced teacher.他是个先进教师。
3)下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语,但不具有被动意义,这点要注意:
departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-traveled, newly-arrived, recently-come
(3)不定式和分词作定语时的时间关系
一般来说,不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后;现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生;过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如:
Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing?
你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗?
Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office?
你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗?
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非谓语动词用法相关
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以下是小编为大家整理的should的用法,希望能帮助大家更好地掌握should的用法,提高英语水平。
It seems unfair that this should happen to me.真不公平,这件事竟然发生在我身上。
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下面读文网小编为大家带来动词的时态语法讲解及练习题,欢迎大家学习
1.一般现在时的用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语: every…, sometimes,at…, on Sunday。例如:
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如:
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3) 表示格言或警句。例如:
Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。
注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如:
I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。
比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。
2. 一般过去时的用法
1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如:
Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?
2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。例如:
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎。
3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ,例如It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。例如:I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义:她已不在人间。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义:她现在还活着)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)
注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。
1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如:
Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗?
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。
2)情态动词 could, would。例如:
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车,能借用一些吗?
3.一般将来时
1)shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如:
Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢?
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?
2)be going to +不定式,表示将来。
a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?
b. 计划,安排要发生的事。例如:The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。
3)be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如:
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。例如:
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意:be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
4. 一般现在时表将来
1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如:
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。
2)以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。例如:
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
3)在时间或条件句中。例如:
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。
4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如:
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。
5. 用现在进行时表示将来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如:
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?
6. 现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成:have (has) +过去分词。
7. 比较一般过去时与现在完成时
1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆为具体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不确定的时间状语。
共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如:
I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了)
I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)
Why did you get up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了)
Who hasn't handed in his paper? (强调有卷子未交,疑为不公平竞争)
He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续)
句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。
(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
8. 用于现在完成时的句型
1)It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。例如:
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。
This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。
注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2)This is +形容词最高级+that…结构,that 从句要用现在完成时。例如:
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
9.过去完成时
1) 概念:表示过去的过去
----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2) 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如:
She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。例如:
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"。例如:
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来。
3)过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如:
He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年,爱迪生开始自己谋生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
汤姆失望了,因为他到达晚会时,大部分客人已经走了。
10. 用一般过去时代替过去完成时
1)两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用一般过去时。例如:
When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起来。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子,我把它丢了。
2 ) 两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。例如:
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3)叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。例如:
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
11.将来完成时
1) 构成will have done
2) 概念
a. 状态完成:表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如:
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。
b. 动作完成:表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前,已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如:
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此时,你已经到达上海了
12现在进行时
现在进行时的基本用法:
a. 表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例如:
We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
b. 习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。例如:
Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)
c. 表示渐变,这样的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如:
The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。
d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如:
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。
13. 过去进行时
1)概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
2)过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作发生。
3) 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如:
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来,受了伤。
It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时,正下着雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂。
14. 将来进行时
1) 概念:表示将来某时进行的状态或动作,或按预测将来会发生的事情。例如:
She'll be coming soon. 她会很快来的。
I'll be meeting him sometime in the future. 将来我一定去见他。
注意:将来进行时不用于表示"意志",不能说 I'll be having a talk with her.
2)常用的时间状语有soon, tomorrow, this evening,on Sunday, by this time,tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening等。例如:By this time tomorrow, I'll be lying on the beach. 明天此时,我正躺在海滩上呢。
15. 一般现在时代替一般将来时
When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case (that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately等引导的时间状语从句,条件句中,用一般现在时代替将来时。例如:
He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京,就去看他姨妈。
16. 一般现在时代替一般过去时
1 ) "书上说","报纸上说"等。例如:
The newspaper says that it's going to be cold tomorrow. 报纸上说明天会很冷的。
2) 叙述往事,使其生动。例如:
Napoleon's army now advances and the great battle begins.拿破仑的军队正在向前挺进,大战开始了
17. 一般现在时代替现在完成时
1) 有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时,如hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say, remember等。例如:
I hear (= have heard) he will go to London. 我听说了他将去伦敦。
I forget (=have forgotten) how old he is. 我忘了他多大了。
2) 用句型 " It is … since…"代替"It has been … since …"。例如:
It is (= has been) five years since we last met. 从我们上次见面以来,五年过去了。
18. 一般现在时代替现在进行时。
在Here comes…/There goes…等句型里,用一般现在时代替现在进行时。例如:
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
19. 现在进行时代替将来时
1) 表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动。例如:
Are you staying with us this weekend? 和我们一起度周末好吗?
We are leaving soon. 我们马上就走。
2) 渐变动词,如get, run, grow, become, begin以及瞬间动词die等。例如:
He is dying. 他要死了。
20.时态一致
1) 如果从句所叙述的为真理或相对不变的事实,则用现在时。例如:
At that time, people did not know that the earth moves. 那时,人们不知道地球是动的。
He told me last week that he is eighteen. 上星期他告诉我他十八岁了。
2) 宾语从句中的,助动词ought, need, must, dare 的时态是不变的。例如:
He thought that I need not tell you the truth. 他认为我不必告诉你真相。
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动词的语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语之间语法或语义的关系.英语的语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态.主动语态用于主动句,表示主语是动作的执行者.被动语态用于被动句,表示主语是动作的承受者.主动语态的构成方式与动词时态相同,而被动语态由 助动词be+过去分词 构成,有人称,数,时态的变化。下面读文网小编为大家带来动词的语态语法讲解及练习题,欢迎大家学习
1. If city noises ____ from increasing,people ____ shout to be heard even at dinner.
A. are not kept;will have to B. are not kept;have
C. do not keep;will have to D. do not keep;have to
2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are ____and perfected now.
A. developed B. have developed
C. are being developed D. will have been developed
3. --- ____ the sports meet might be put off.--- Yes,it all depends on the weather.
A. I've been told B. I've told C. I'm told D. I told
4. I need one more stamp before my collection ___.
A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed
5. Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.
A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut
6. The new suspension bridge ___ by the end of last month.
A. has been designed B. had been designed
C. was designed D. would be designed
7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____.
A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken
8. Great changes ___ in the city, and a lot of factories ___.
A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up
C. have taken place; have set up D. were taken place; were set up
9. That suit __ over 60 dollars.
A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost
10. - Look! Everything here is under construction.- What’s the pretty small house that __ for?
A. is being built B. has been built C. is built D. is building
11.--- Do you like the material? --- Yes, it ___ very soft.
A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt
12. It is difficult for a foreigner ____ Chinese.
A. write B. to write C. to be written D. written
13. I have no more letters ____ ,thank you.
A. to type B. typing C. to be typed D. typed
14. Take care! Don’t drop the ink on your shirt, for it __ easily.
A. won’t wash out B. won’t be washed out C. isn’t washed out D. isn’t washing out
15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ___.
A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out
16. The computers on the table ___ Professor Smith.
A. belongs B. are belonged toC. belongs to D. belong to
17. --- What do you think of the book?---Oh, excellent. It’s worth ___ a second time.
A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read
18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ___.
A. catching B. to be caughtC. being caught D. to catch
19. This page needed ___ again.
A. being checked B. checkedC. to check D. to be checked
20. ___ many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do the exercises
A. Having taught B. Having been taughtC. taught D. Teaching
答案:
1--5 ACADC 6--10 BCBDA11--15 CBCAD 16--20 DCCDB
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助动词是帮助主要动词构成各种时态,语态,语气以及否定或疑问结构的动词.助动词分为时态助动词和结构助动词两种。下面读文网小编为大家带来助动词语法讲解及练习题,欢迎大家学习
1.If it is fine tomorrow, we ______ a football match.
A. have B. will have C. has D. shall has
2.When he was at school, he ______ early and take a walk before breakfast.
A. will rise B. shall rise B. should rise would rise
3.In the past 30 years China ______ great advances in the socialist revolution and socialist construction.
A. has made B. have made C. had made D. having made
4.I ______ go to bed until I ______ finished my work.
A. don’t/had B. didn’t/have C. didn’t/had D. don’t/have
5.______ you think he ______ back by dinner time?
A. Do/have come B. Did/will have come C. Does/will come D. Do/will have come
6.He said that he dropped his bag when he ______ for the bus.
A. was runing B. was running C. were running D. is running
7.No sooner ______ he arrived home than he ______ to start on another journey.
A. has/was asked B. have/were asked C. had/is asked D. had/was asked
8.“______ you give me a room for the night?” I asked on arriving at the hotel.
A. Should B. Can C. Might D. May
9.There are nine of them, so ______ get into the car at the same time.
A. they may not at all B. all they may not C. they can’t all D. all they can’t
10.“We didn’t see him at the lecture yesterday.” “He ______ it.”
A. mustn’t attend B. cannot have attended
C. would have not attended D. needn’t have attended
11.“You realize that you were driving at 100 mph, don’t you?”
“No, officer. I ______. This car can’t do more than 80.”
A. didn’t need to be B. may not have been C. couldn’t have been D. needn’t have been
12.he was a good runner so he ______ escape from the police.
A. might B. succeeded to C. would D. was able to
13.If they ______, our plan will fall flat.
A. are co-operating B. had not co-operated C. won’t co-operate D. didn’t co-operate
14.I hoped ______ my letter.
A. her to answer B. that she would answer C. that she answers D. her answering
15.He ______ live in the country than in the city.
A. prefers B. likes to C. had better D. would rather
16.______ to see a film with us today?
A. Did you like B. Would you like C. Will you like D. Have you liked
17.I’m sorry, but I had no alternative. I simply ______ what I did.
A. must do B. had to do C. ought to have done D. have to do
18.“Time is running out,______?”
A. hadn’t we better got start B. hadn’t we better get start
c.hadn’t we better get started D. hadn’t we better not started
19.No one ______ that to his face.
A. dares say B. dares saying C. dare say D. dare to say
20.The students in the classroom ______ not to make so much noise.
A. need B. ought C. must D. dare
答案:
1-10 BDACD BDBCB
11-20 CDCBD BBCCB
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情态动词是表示能力,义务,必须,猜测等说话人的语气或情态的动词。下面读文网小编为大家带来情态动词语法讲解及练习题,欢迎大家学习!
1)表过去的可能和许可,(多用于间接引语中)
At that time we thought the story could not be true.
那时我们认为所说的事不可能是真的。
Father said I could swim in the river.
爸爸说我可以在河里游泳。
2)表过去的能力
I could swim when I was only six.
我刚六岁就能游泳。
Could在肯定句中表示过去的能力时,常表抽象的一般的能力。
He could be very naughty when he was a child.
他小时候会是很顽皮的。
3)表“允许”。可表示委婉客气的提出问题或陈述看法
Could I use your bike?
Yes, you can.
他会记得那时吗?
I’m afraid I couldn’t give you an answer today.
恐怕我今天不能回答你。
The teacher said you could go to the store for sweets.
老师说你可以去商店买糖。
3)Could/can+have done 结构表示对过去发生的事情的“怀疑”或“不肯定”。 could 加完成式还用于肯定句时一般表过去可能完成而却未完成的动作。
Can they have won the basketball match?
他们赢了那场篮球赛吗?
What you referred to just now can have made her very sad.
你刚刚所谈到的可能令他很伤心。
You could have completed the task a little earlier.
你本来能早点完成任务的。(但事实上并没有提前完成任务)
I could have passed my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes.
我本可以轻易通过考试,但我犯了太多不该犯的错误。
如表具体做某一件事的能力时,则须用 be able to .
He was able to translate the article without a dictionary.
他可以不用词典翻译那篇文章。
Can表示一贯的能力 ,be able to表示客观能力和通过努力可以达到的能力
I can’t swim. But I am sure I will be able to swim through more practicing.
The fire spread through the hotel, but everyone was able to get out
When the boat sank he was able to swim to the bank
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中考英语语法知识归纳总结人教版最新
备考中考英语时,需要对重点语法和一些常考的知识点进行全面的复习。那么中考英语知识点怎么学习呢?以下是小编准备的一些中考英语语法知识归纳总结人教版,仅供参考。
一、听力
听力题主要考查整体理解和获取对话核心信息的能力。应试技巧:1.克服紧张心理,放松自己。心态平稳,才能有效发挥。2.试卷下发后,浏览问题题干,快速预测,以便带着问题有目的地去听。3.集中注意力听录音,果断答题。4.要学会放弃。如果有部分信息确实没听清楚,不要纠缠,马上放弃,以免影响后面答题。5.平时听力训练时要养成简写速记的习惯。
二、完形填空
完形填空题考查词汇知识、阅读能力、逻辑推理判断能力。应试技巧:1.快速通读短文,把握大意。特别注重首尾句的理解,抓住各段的主题句,理顺思路,为后面答题做好铺垫。2.在通读全文、理解大意的基础上,根据固定搭配、习惯用法、上下文暗示先选出一部分答案。然后细读全文,联系上下文内容、短语意思、语法法则、固定搭配等,对选项进行逐一比较和筛选,排除错误选项,最终确定正确答案。3.个别无法确定答案的,先跳过,往往能从下文暗示中找到答案。4.通读全文,验证答案。完成答案后,把所选的答案代入原文,通读全文,对所选答案进行核实调整。重要提示:切忌不通读全文,看一空填一空。
三、阅读理解
阅读理解主要考查学生阅读理解、获取信息和处理信息的能力。应试技巧:1.先看问题,再阅读。带着问题快速阅读全文,把握文章大意,明确作者观点和态度,寻求所需要的信息。2.注重主题句,各段的首尾句。3.概括大意,揣摩文章中心,掌握主旨和作者意图,不要过分推敲语言点。4.遇到生词要根据上下文或语境猜词义,不必停顿时间过长。
四、书面表达
书面表达考查学生综合语言运用能力。应试技巧:写作前:1.审题。审题要仔细,理清写作的体裁和格式,明确信息要点及词数限定等。抓住主旨要义,形成书面表达的思路及框架。2.整编。整合信息要点,分清段落层次,编写出提纲。写作中:1.根据体裁和信息要点明确作文所需要的重点句型和短语,尽量使用自己熟知的句型和短语。遇到不会词句,换用另一种意义相近的句式表达。2.遣词造句,用词地道。3.行文连贯。句与句之间,段与段之间连接自然连贯。写作后:1.检查与修改。重点检查:要点是否全面;内容是否完整;格式是否正确;句型、短语是否准确;语法有否错误;拼写有否错误;字数是否符合要求。2.考生在答卷时,写草稿,或写简略提纲,书写清楚规范,做到零涂改,确保卷面整洁。
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