为您找到与使用说明用英文怎么说相关的共200个结果:
下面读文网小编为大家带来药物说明书英文写法,欢迎大家学习!
英文药品说明书中常见的药品名称有商品名( Trade Name或 Proprietary Name),通用名( Generic Name)和化学名(Chemical Name),其中最常见的是商品名。例如,日本田边有限公司生产的熊去氧胆酸片,其商品名为 Ursosan(Tablets):通用名为 Ursodesoxycholic Acid(熊去氧胆酸);化学名为3a,7p dihydroxy-5p-Cholanoic acid(3a,7p二羟基5p胆烷酸)。有时同一种药品,不同的厂家使用不同的商品名称。
药品说明书中的标题药名用其商品名。有时在其右上角(或在上角)有一(R)标记,例如ADRIBLASTNA(R)(阿霉素),TEGRETOL(痛痉宁)。“R”是Register(注册)的缩写,(R)表示该产品已经本国的有关部门核准.取得了此项专用的注册商标(Registered Trade Mark)。有时在商品名之下(或后)又列有通用名或化学名.例如: Rulide(罗力得)之下列有(Roxithromycin,罗红霉素): Minipress(脉宁平)之后列有(Praxosin HCI,盐酸哌唑嗪); Nitro-Dur(护心贴片〕之下又列有( Nitroglycerin,硝酸甘油)。
药品名称的翻译可采用音译、意译、音意合译及谐音译意等方法。
1、音译:按英文药品名歌的读音译成相同或相近的汉语。如:Tamoxitn它莫西芬,Ritalin利他林,Am-acin 阿米卡星。音译较为方便,但不能表意。
2、意译:按药品名称所表达的含意译成相应的汉语。例如:cholic Acid 胆酸,Tetracyline四环素;也可其药理作用翻译.如:Minidiab灭糖尿(治疗糖尿病药物),Natulan疗治癌(细胞生长抑制剂),Uraly消石素(治疗尿路结石药物)等。
3、音意合译:药品名称中的一部分采用音译,另一部分采用意译.例如:Coumadin香豆定(coumarin香豆素),Neo-Octin新握克丁(neo-新);Medemycin麦迪霉素(-mycin 霉素),Cathinone卡西酮(-one酮)。
4、谐音译意:以音译为原则,选用谐音的汉字,既表音,又表意,音意结合。例如:Antrenyl安胄灵,Doriden多睡丹,Legalon利肝隆,Webilin胃必灵.商品名称可以这样翻洋,而法定名称则规定不可以这样翻译。
药品的化学名称反映出该药品的化学结构组成成分,可借助英汉化学化工词典进行翻译。如果名称很长,可以分解开来,分别查出各个组成部分的名称,组合而成。例如:Catalin(卡他林)的化学名称是1-Hvdroxy- 5-oxo-5H-pyrido(3,2-a)-Phenoxazine-3-carboxylic acid,译成汉语是1-羟基-5-氧-5H-吡啶开(3,2-a)吩 嗪-3-羧酸。如能掌握一些常用的酸、碱、盐、基因、化合物的英文名称,以及常用的前缀、后缀等,翻译时会顺利得多。例如:chloride氯化物,sulfate(sulphate)硫酸盐,acetyl一乙酰基,amino氨基,di-二,dihydro-二氢。nitro-硝基,-ester酯,-lactone内酯,-one酮、-oxide氧化物,-urea脲等等.
为了统一药品名称的译名,卫生部药典委员会已拟定出原料药和辅料命名原则,并刊行了<药名词汇>一书,可供翻译英文药品名称时参考。
许多药品说明书的第一项是Description(性状),其原意是“叙述”、“描写”,在药品说明书及药典中一般都译为“性状”,其内容主要是介绍外观、理化性质、组成成分、结构、特征等。这一项最常用的标题是Description,此外还可能有其他的表示法,如:
Chemical Structure 化学结构
Composition 成分
Physical and Chemical Properties 理化性质
这一项中的英语词汇除一部分化学专业词汇外,多为常用词,借助英汉化学化工词典及英汉词典即可通读。
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投简历是每个求职者都要做的一步,而简历的写作也是需要仔细研究的技能。在写作英文简历时,总是有那么几句“简历杀手”的出现让一些自以为没问题的求职者碰壁。快来看看你的简历中是否有类似的句子吧。
求职者们都从经历过的残酷现实中明白一个道理,那就是在求职中最难的就是怎样得到面试机会。一旦你得到了面试的机会,你就在这个过程中掌握了一些主动权,在这个阶段后,你就只需要做一些调查,然后发挥好就可以。
在这个过程中,简历担负的责任要比你本身担负的要重得多。它将你带入工作的大门。这就是求职者要避免在简历中使用以下5个“简历杀手”句子的原因了。看一看吧,你的简历中是否有这些句子呢?
不要想当然地认为你的资料非常突出,向我们表达出来吧。雇主都想知道你能够胜任此份工作,这就意味着你要为应聘的每一个职位定制一份简历。这些额外投入的时间是值得的,每个人都会有一份好工作的,很可能这份好工作就是你的。
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以下是短文写作中使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式,每组句式的功能相同或相似,考生可根据自己的情况选择其中的1-2个,做到能够熟练正确地仿写或套用。下面是读文网小编整理的英文写作中使用率最高的基本句式,欢迎大家阅读!
1)It’s well known to us that ...
2)As is known to us,...
3)This is a topic that is being widely talked about.
4)From the graph(table,chart)listed above,it can be seen that ...
5)As a proverb says,“Where there is a will,there is a way.?
例如:
As is well known to us,it is important for the students to know the world outside campus.
The reason for this is obvious.Nowadays,the society is changing and developing rapidly,and the campus is no longer an “ivory tower?.As college students,we must get in touch with the world outside the campus.Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate.
再如:
Does it pay to be honest?This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions on it.
英文写作相关
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药品说明书是药品情况说明重要来源之一,也是医师、药师、护师和病人治疗用药时的科学依据。接下来小编为大家整理了英文药品说明书注意事项的写法,希望对你有帮助哦!
例1 Temaril tablets should not be administered with 4 hours of medications containing mgnesium,aluminium or iron salts as interference with absorption may occur.
在使用了含镁、铝或铁盐的药物之后的4小时内不应使用环丙沙星片剂,因为可能影响吸收。
例2 Simultaneous consumption of alcohol can impair reaction time. e.g. in traffic or during operation of machines. At higher dosage of Elantan 20 wlth simultaneous administration of blood-pressure-lowering medicaments the effect of the latter can be potentiated.
同时饮酒可能损害反应时间,例如驾驶车辆或操纵机器期间。大量服用单硝酸异山梨醇的同时服用降血压药物,可能会增强后者的药效。
例3 Dormicum can enhance the central sedative effect of neuroleptics, tranquitizers, antidepressants, sleep-inducing drugs, analgesics and anesthetics.
速眠安能增强神经抑制剂、安定剂、抗抑郁剂、催眠、镇静剂和麻醉剂的中枢神经镇静作用。
例4 Concomitant treatment with other vasodilators, calcium antagonists, betablockers, diuretics, antihypertensives, tricyclic antidepressants, major tranquilizers, and dihydroergotamine, as well as the consumption of alcohol, may potentiate the blood pressure lowering effect of Nitroderm TTS.
与其他药物,例如:血管扩张药、钙桔抗剂、B-受体阻断剂、利尿剂、抗高血压药、三环抗抑郁药、
强镇静剂及二氢麦角胺合用,以及饮酒等,可加强硝酸甘油护心贴膏的降血压作用。
6.Validity(有效期):药品的有效期或失效期有以下几种表示方法:
validity 有效期 storage life 贮存期
Expiry(Exp.) date 失效(日)期 Shelf life 贮存期(贮藏期限)
Expiring 失效期 Stability 稳定性
Expiration date 失效(日)期
例5 Expiry: 18 months (Expiry date is printed on the vial label.)
有效期:18个月(失效日期印在瓶签上)。
例6 Validity and storage: The solution will keep for five years if stored at a temperature below 20℃
有效期及贮存法:于20℃以下可保存5年。
例7 Stability: Cefoperazone is stable at least 24 hours in aqueous solutions, stored at temperature which ranges from 5 to 25℃.The powder form is really effective till the expiry date indicated on packings.
稳定性:头孢哌酮存于5~25℃温度下的稳定性至少可达24小时。木品粉剂的药效实际上可保持到包装上规定的失效日期。
例8 Stability: See expiry date on the outside of the pack.
稳定性;见外包装上的失效日期
例9 Shelf-life: The drug should not be used after the expiry date(=Exp) printed on pack.
木品超过包装上印刷的有效期后不得使用,
7. 其他可能出现的项目:
1) References 参考文献 Literature 参考文献
2) Clinical dtaa 临床数据
3) Formula(Formulation) 分子式
4) Recommendations 建议
5) Remark(s) 注意 Attention 注意
6) Tolerance 耐受性
7) Intormation for the patients 患者须知
8) Further information 补充资料
9) Batch No 批号
10)Made in 由……制造 Produced by 由…生产
Manufactured(Manfd)by 由…制造
11)Pharmaceuticala Precautions 药品的注意事项
还可能有其他项目.这里不再列举。
以上是英文药品说明书中的主要项目的英文标题,不同的表示方法,结构特点,常用词,短语及句型等。掌握这些内容有助于了解英文说明书的脉络,但要完全理解说明书的全部内容还需要经过一番努力。
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药品说明书是药品情况说明重要来源之一,也是医师、药师、护师和病人治疗用药时的科学依据。接下来小编为大家整理了英文药品说明书不良反应的写法,希望对你有帮助哦!
Side-effect(s) 副作用 Unwanted(Undesirable) Effects 副作用
Side Reaction(s) 副作用 By-effects 副作用
3.常见的霉副反应的症状及体征的词语很多,但记住下列词语很有必要:
allergic (hypersensitive,anaphylactic)reaction(s) 过敏反应
allergy(hypersensitivity) 过敏 dizzziness 眩晕
gastrointestinal tract 胃肠道 fever 发热
local reaction(s) 局部反应 flush 潮红
skin reaction(s)皮肤反应 headache 头痛
symptom(s)症状 nausea 恶心
systematic 全身的 pruritus 瘙痒
anorexia 厌食 rash 皮疹
blood count 白细胞计数 spasm 痉挛
blood pressure 血压 thirst 口渴
coma 昏迷 tiredness 疲倦
diarrhea 腹泻 vomiting 呕吐
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下面是读文网小编整理的英文药品说明书关于用量与用法的写法,欢迎大家阅读!
Dosage and Administration 用(剂)量与用法
Route of Administration 给药途径(用法)
Administration 用法
Direction for Use 用法
Method of (for) Administration 用法
Application and Dosage 用法与用(剂)量
Mode of Application 用法
Dosage 用(剂)量
How to Use 用法
Posology 剂量学
还可能有其他的表示方法。
本项也是阅读的重点,读者必须正确理解本项内容中的给药对象、给药方式、剂量及剂量单位、给药时间等。
1、每次给药次数的表示方法
daily (per day, a day, every day ) 每日
every …hours 每隔…小时
intervats of … 每隔…
once (twice) daily (a day) 每日一(二)次
every other day 每隔一日
three times a day (daily) 每日三次
three times a week 每周三次
once (twice) a week (weekly) 每周一(二)次
Divided into … doses 分…次
in two or three divided doses 分为二或三次(个剂量)
例1 Unless other wise prescribed by the physician, the average daily dose is 1 capsule 3 times daily.
如果医生不另开处方,平均日剂量为每日3次、每次1个胶襄。
例2 The suggested dose is 10 to 15 mg per kg dody weight daily in 3-4 divided doses orally, taken with meets.
日剂量最好每公斤体重10-15mg,分3-4次口服,与食物共服。
例3 The initial dosage recommended is 1/2 tablet of Madopa 250 three times daily.
开始剂量最好为每日3次,每次半片美多巴250。
例4 Children: The usual dose is 50 to 100 mg/kg/day total, given in four equally divided and spaced doses.
儿童:常用总剂量为每日50-100mg/kg体重,均分为四等份,等间隔给药。
例5 The recommended starting dose is 20mg given as a single daily dose.
推荐的首剂量为每20mg,一次服用。
2、常用表示剂量的术语
average dose 平均剂量 minimal (minimum) dose 最小有效量
daily dose 日剂量(一日量) multiple dose 多剂量
divided dose 分次剂量 overdose (overdose) 过量
fatal (lethal) dose 致死量 single dose 一次剂量
indicated dose 有效蛴量 standard dose 标准(合适)剂量
initial (beginning, starting) dose 首次量 suggested (recommended) dose 推荐剂量
maintenance dose 维持量 therapeutic dose 治疗剂量
maximum dose 最大剂量(极量) usual (normal) dose 常用剂量
3、常用的剂量单位表示法
g=gram 克 l=liter (litre) 升
mg=milligram 毫克 ml=milliliter 毫升
kg=kilogram 千克 c.c. 毫升
mcg=microgram 微克 I.U.=international unit 国际单位
ug 微克 body weight 体重
per square meter of body surface 每平方米体表面积
4、给药对象:最常见的用词有
adolescents 青少年 intant(s) 幼儿
adult(s) 成年人 male 男性
baby (babies) 婴儿 newborn baby (babies) 新生儿
children (child) 儿童 patient(s) 患者,病人
debilitated patients 体弱患者 pediatric 儿科的
elderly patient(s) 老年患者 pregnant women 孕妇
female 女性 senile patient(s) 老年患者(病人)
5、给药方式的表示法:多用副词成或介词短语表示,例如:
intra-arterially 静脉内给药 by mouth (OS) 口服
intragluteally 臀肌内给药 by phleboclysis 静脉输液
intramuscularly 肌内给药 by intramuscular (IM) injection 肌肉注射
intraperitoneally 腹(膜)腔内给药 by intravenous (IV) injection 静脉注射
intrapleurally 胸(膜)腔内给药 by the intra-articatar administration 关节内给药
intrathecally 鞘内给药 by the intramuscular administration (route) 肌内给药
intravenously 静脉内给药 by the intranasal route 鼻内给药
locally 局部给药 orally 口服给药
parenterally 肠道外给药 by the intraperitoneal administration 腹(膜)腔内给药
subconjuntivally 结膜下给药 by the intravenous infusion (perfusion) 静脉输注
subcutaneously 皮下给药 sublingually 舌下给药
submucously 粘膜下给药 by the intrathecal administration 鞘内给药
by aerosol 喷雾给药 by the subligual administration 舌下给药
by drip phleboclysis 点滴静脉输液 per rectum 直肠给药
by enema 灌肠 per vaginum 阴道给药
by lumbar 腰椎给药 pro recto 直肠给药
此外还有许多其他的表示法,不一一列举。
6、表示“投药”的常用动词
administer (或be administered、give、be given、indicate、be indicated) 给药、投药
use (或be used 、employ、be employed) 用药
recommend (be recommended、suggest、be suggested) 推荐给药
7、表示不同的用药方式的动词:
take 服用 inhale 吸入 apply to 用于、涂于、敷于
spray 喷雾 inject 注射 swallow 吞服
例6 …the recommended single dose is 1 ampoule, given subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously.
建议一次剂量为1安瓶,皮下、肌肉或静脉注射给药。
例7 I.M injections should be administered in the amount of 25-50mg daily per kilo of body weight, subdivided into injections every 6-8-12 hours.
肌肉注射:每日每公斤体重给药25-50mg,每6-8-12小时一次。
例8 For adults give intramuscular injection of 400 to 600 mg per day in 2-3 divided doses. For intants give intramuscular injection of 10-20mg/kg per day in two divided doses.
成年人:肌肉注射,每日400-600mg,分2-3次注射;婴儿:肌肉注射,每日10-20mg/kg体重,分2次注射。
例9 The tablets (or the syrup) are to be taken during or after a meal with a little liquid.
片剂(或糖浆)应于食间或饭后用少量液体送服。
例10 Apply the Nitro-Dur system firmly to the skin surface. The Nitro-Dur system may beapplied to any convenient skin area, a recommended side of application is the arm or chest.
把护心贴片紧贴在皮肤表面,护心贴片可贴在任何方便的皮肤区域,最好是贴在手臂或胸部。
例11 In general 1 to 3 metered doses should should be inhaled or sprayed onto or under the tongue at the every oneset of anginal pain.
一般应在心绞痛开始发作时就吸入,或向舌上或舌下喷入1-3个规定的剂量。
8、其它的短语或句型,例如:
according to 根据 be adjusted 调整 depend on 依据 adapt to 适合,修改
on the basis of 在…基础上 vary from…to… 变化范围由…至…,因…而异
range from … to … 变化范围由…至…
it is advisable to (it is recommended to、it is suggested to ) 建议…
例子很多,不一一列举。
例12 Dosage should be adapted to patients individually, on the basis of periodic tests of glycosuria and blood sugar.
在周期性检验尿糖和血糖的基础上,调整剂量,使之适用于不同的患者。
例13 It si advisable to initiate therapy with massive doses: 3x2 tablets daily after meals over 2-4 days.
建议开始治疗时采用大剂量,每日剂量为3x2片,饭后服用,持续2-4日。
例14 In severs chronic cases, treatment is started with daily 1 to 2 ampoules of Bilocid and continused with one ampoule every other day, injected slowly by the intravenous route.
治疗严重的慢性疾病时,治疗从每日1-2支利胆素注射剂开始,继续治疗时每隔一日1安瓶缓慢静脉注射。
例15 The number of injections required may vary from from patient to patient.
所需注射次数因患者而异。
例16 The dosage of Glutril must be adjusted by the doctor according to the individualmetabolic state.
格路特利的剂量需由医生根据每个患者的代谢状况调整。
例17 In such instance, it is recommended that the dose be reduced.
在这种情况下,建议减少剂量。
例18 The maintenance dosage is determined by response of the patient.
维持剂量视患者对药物的反应而定。
从上述例句可见,本项中英语的普通词汇较多,只要有一定的英语基础均可读懂,专业词汇多为医学词汇,可从英汉医学词典中查出。
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不良反应这一项中包括药物的副作用、症状及体征、毒性作用及耐受力、过敏反应、停药等。现分述如下:
Side-effect(s) 副作用 Unwanted(Undesirable) Effects 副作用
Side Reaction(s) 副作用 By-effects 副作用
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下面是读文网小编整理的英文药品说明书中禁忌症的写法, 希望对大家有帮助。
本项中最常用的英语表示法是Contraindications,也有用Restrictions on Use(用药限制)的。
Contraindications 禁忌症
Precautions (Note) 注意事项
Warning 警告
Pregnancy and Lactation 妊娠与哺乳
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“注意事项”也是药品说明书中的重要内容之一。为了安全用药,厂商在本项中特别强调应注意的事项,其中主要包括:正确的剂量和用法,超过剂量时的应急措施,用药对象,可能出现的较严重的副作用及治疗方案,药物的配伍,药液的配制、使用及保管等、方面的注意事项。现就本项内容详细介绍如下:
blood count 血细胞汁数 Kidney (renal) function 肾功能
blood picture(hemogram) 血象 Liver(hepatic)function 肝功
blood level 血浓度 serum concentration 血清浓度
blood pressure 血压 serum creatinine test 血清肌酸酐检验
clotting time 凝血时间 urine routine(examination) 尿常规
creatinine clearance 肌酸酐清除率
3. 本项的特点是内容长短不一,有难有易;词汇量大,涉及面广,既有普通词汇,也有大量的专业词汇及编写词。许多词汇、结构和句型可在药理作用、适应症、禁忌症、剂量和用法、副作用,贮藏等项中见到。从英语结构上分析,句型变化较多,长句、难句也屡屡出现,是比较难读的一个项目。
例1 Warnings and precautions: Ciprofloxacin should be used with caution in epileptics and patients with a history of CNS disorders and only if the benefits of treatment are considered to outweight the risk of possible CNS side-effects.
警告和注意事项:癫痫病人及有中枢神经系统病史的患者慎用环丙沙星,仅当认为疗效超过可能产生的中枢神经系统副作用的危险时才可使用。
例2 Ciprofloxacin could result in impainnent of the patients ability to drive or operate machinary, particularly in conjunction with alcohol.
环丙沙星能损害人们驾驶汽车或操纵机器的能力,尤其是在饮酒之后。
例3 Warnings: Vepeside should be administered under the supervision of a qualifiedphysicain experienced in the use of cancer chemotherapeutic agents.
警告:泛必治应该在使用治疗癌症的化疗制剂方面有经验、有资格的医生的监护下使用。
例4 The most serious risk associated with anticoagulant therapy with sodium warfarin are hemorrhage in any tissue or organ and less frequently, necrosis and/ or gangrene of skin and other tissues. The risk of hermorrhage is related to level of intensity and the duration of anticoagulant therapy.
用华注林钠进行抗凝治疗产生的最严重的危险就是组织或器官出血,以及不大常出现的皮肤和其他组织的坏死和(或)坏疽。出血的危险与抗凝治疗的药物浓度(水平)及疗程长短有关。
例5 The occurrence of a platelet count below 50,000/mm3 or an absolute neutrophil count below 500/mm3 is an indication to withhold further therapy until the blood counts havesufficiently recovered.
血小板数低于s0,000/mm3 或绝对中性白细胞数低于500/mm3 ,表明不能继续使用本品治疗,待白细胞计教充分恢复后才能继续用药。
例6 Warfarin therapy should be discontinued when warfarin is suspected to be the cause of developing necrosis and heparin therapy may be considered for anticoagulation.
当怀疑华法林治疗引起坏死时,则须停止治疗,并且考虑使用肝素治疗。
例7 Dosage should be controlled by periodic determinations of prothrombin time(PT) or other suitable coagulation tests.
必须定期检查凝血酶原时间(PT),或做其他相应的凝血试验来控制剂量。
例8 Please note Cerebral convulsive disease is regarded as a relative contraindication for examinations in the subarachnoid space. If after careful consideration, these examinations are nevertheless performed, all equipment and medicines necessary to counter any convulsions may occur must be prepared ready for use beforehand.
请注意:脑惊厥被认为相对禁止进行蛛网膜下腔检查,如经谨慎考虑后、仍要进行这些检查时.必须事先备妥应付可能发生惊厥所需的所有设备与药品。
例9 Caution must be exercised in the case of hypersensitivity to iodinated contrast media, latent hyperthyroidism and bland nodular goitre.
对碘造影剂过敏、隐匿性甲状腺亢进和轻微甲状腺肿的病例,应慎重。
例10 Caution Alcohol intake may enhance nitrate effects and occasionally induce hypotension with subsequent impairment of reactivity. During the first three months ofpregnancy drugs should only be used on the express direction of the attendant physician. Isket spray should not be stored at temperatures above 25。C! Temperatures above 40 ℃ are to be be avoided, even for bried periods! Do not force canister open, even when empty!
注意:饮酒可增强硝酸盐的作用、偶尔引起低血压,继而损害反应力。妊娠三个月时,只有在监护医生明确指导下才可使用本品。异舒吉喷雾剂的贮存温度不应超过25℃!避免超过40℃。即使短时间也不可!不要用力开罐,即使空罐时也不可用力开!勿使儿童接触本品
例11 As with all new drugs, patients should be followed carefully so that any side-effects or unusual manifestations of drug idiosyncrasy may be detected. If any allergic reaction to Keflex occurs, the drug should be discontinued and the patient treated with the usual agents.
像使用所有新药一样,应细心地随访患者,以便观察任何副作用或药物特异反应。如果出现对头抱菌素IV的过敏反应,应停药,并用常规药物治疗患者。
例12 In patients with normal renal function, chronic hypercalcemia may be associated with an increase in serum creatinine. While this is usually reversible, It is important in such patients to pay careful attention to those factors which may lead to hypercalcemia.
对于肾功能正常的患者,慢性高钙血症可能与血清肌酸酐增多有关。这通常虽然是可逆的,然而对这样的病人,密切注意可能导致血钙过多的各种因素是很重要的。
例13 Precautions 一Avoid the concomitant use, in the absence of special monitoring laboratory of parameters, of anticoagulants or aspirin. 一Inform the attending physician in the event of bleeding or of the occurence of a hematoma.
注意事项:在无化验室参考指标的专门监测情况下,避免与抗凝剂或阿司匹林合用。如发生出血或出现血肿,应通知主治医生。
例14 Periodical examination of hepatic or renal function and blood picture is desirable since Kedacillin may increase SGOT. SGPT and BUN, and decrease erythrocyte and leucocyte.
磺苄青霉素钠可使血清谷-草转氨酶,血清谷-丙转氨酶和血液尿素氮增高,使红细胞和白细胞减少.所以最好要定期检查肝、肾功能和血象。
例15 N.B.Transference from insuline to Glutril may be attempted in case of maturity-onsetdiabetes with obesity;dosage is based upon the result of the necessarily frequent metablic tests.
注意:伴有肥胖症的成年型糖尿病患者,可试从胰岛素改用格路特利治疗,剂量应以必须经常进行的代谢试验为依据。
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下面是读文网小编整理的常见的“公共标志和说明”英文表达, 希望对大家有帮助。
1、Business Hours 营业时间
2、Office Hours 办公时间
3、Entrance 入口
4、Exit 出口
5、Push 推
6、Pull 拉
7、Shut 此路不通
8、On 打开 ( 放)
9、Off 关
10、Open 营业
11、Pause 暂停
12、Stop 关闭
13、Closed 下班
14、Menu 菜单
15、Fragile 易碎
16、This Side Up 此面向上
17、 Introductions 说明
18、One Street 单行道
19、Keep Right/Left 靠左/右
20、 Buses Only 只准公共汽车通过
21、Wet Paint 油漆未干
22、Danger 危险
23、Lost and Found 失物招领处
24、Give Way 快车先行
25、Safety First 安全第一
26、 Filling Station 加油站
27、No Smoking 禁止吸烟
28、No Photos 请勿拍照
29、No Visitors 游人止步
30、No Entry 禁止入内
31、No Admittance 闲人免进
32、No Honking 禁止鸣喇叭
33、Parting 停车处
34、Toll Free 免费通行
35、F.F. 快进
36、Rew. 倒带
37、EMS (邮政)特快专递
38、Insert Here 此处插入
39、Open Here 此处开启
40、Split Here 此处撕开
41、Mechanical Help 车辆修理
42、“AA”Film 十四岁以下禁看电影
43、Do Not Pass 禁止超车
44、No U Turn 禁止掉头
45、U Turn Ok 可以U形转弯
46、No Cycling in the School校内禁止骑车
47、SOS 紧急求救信号
48、Hands Wanted 招聘
49、Staff Only 本处职工专用
50、No Litter 勿乱扔杂物
51、Hands Off 请勿用手摸
52、Keep Silence 保持安静
53、On Sale 削价出售
54、No Bills 不准张贴
55、Not for Sale 恕不出售
56、Pub 酒店
57、Cafe 咖啡馆、小餐馆
58、Bar 酒巴
59、Laundry 洗衣店
60、Travel Agency 旅行社
61、In Shade 置于阴凉处
62、Keep in Dark Place 避光保存
63、Poison 有毒/毒品
64、Guard against Damp 防潮
65、Beware of Pickpocket 谨防扒手
66、Complaint Box 意见箱
67、For Use Only in Case of Fire 灭火专用
68、Bakery 面包店
69、Keep Dry 保持干燥
70、Information 问讯处
71、No Passing 禁止通行
72、No Angling 不准垂钓
73、Shooting Prohibited 禁止打猎
74、Seat by Number 对号入座
75、Protect Public Propety 爱护公共财物
76、Ticket Office(or :Booking Office)售票处
77、Visitors Please Register 来宾登记
78、Wipe Your Shoes And Boots请擦去鞋上的泥土
79、Men“s/Gentlemen/Gents Room 男厕所
80、 Women“s/Ladies/Ladies” Room女厕所
81、Occupied (厕所)有人
82、 Vacant (厕所)无人
83、Commit No Nuisance 禁止小便
84、Net(Weight) 净重
85、MAN:25032002 生产日期:2002年3月25日
86、EXP:25032002 失效期:2002年3月25日
87、Admission Free免费入场
88、Bike Park(ing) 自行车存车处
89、Children and Women First 妇女、儿童优先
90、Save Food 节约粮食
91、Save Energy 节约能源
92、Handle with Care 小心轻放
93、Dogs Not Allowed 禁止携犬入内
94、Keep Away From Fire 切勿近火
95、Reduced Speed Now 减速行驶
96、Road Up. Detour 马路施工,请绕行
97、Keep Top Side Up 请勿倒立
98、Take Care Not to Leave Things Behind 当心不要丢失东西
99、Please Return the Back After Use 用毕放回架上
100、Luggage Depository 行李存放处
常见的“公共标志和说明”英文表达相关
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下面是读文网小编整理的英文药品说明书句型,以供大家学习参考。
5. Interactions或drug Interactions(相互作用,或药物的交互作用):本项内容主要是介绍药物合用时的注意事项。
例11 Temaril tablets should not be administered with 4 hours of medications containing mgnesium,aluminium or iron salts as interference with absorption may occur.
在使用了含镁、铝或铁盐的药物之后的4小时内不应使用环丙沙星片剂,因为可能影响吸收。
例12 Simultaneous consumption of alcohol can impair reaction time. e.g. in traffic or during operation of machines. At higher dosage of Elantan 20 wlth simultaneous administration of blood-pressure-lowering medicaments the effect of the latter can be potentiated.
同时饮酒可能损害反应时间,例如驾驶车辆或操纵机器期间。大量服用单硝酸异山梨醇的同时服用降血压药物,可能会增强后者的药效。
例13 Dormicum can enhance the central sedative effect of neuroleptics, tranquitizers, antidepressants, sleep-inducing drugs, analgesics and anesthetics.
速眠安能增强神经抑制剂、安定剂、抗抑郁剂、催眠、镇静剂和麻醉剂的中枢神经镇静作用。
例14 Concomitant treatment with other vasodilators, calcium antagonists, betablockers, diuretics, antihypertensives, tricyclic antidepressants, major tranquilizers, and dihydroergotamine, as well as the consumption of alcohol, may potentiate the blood pressure lowering effect of Nitroderm TTS.
与其他药物,例如:血管扩张药、钙桔抗剂、B-受体阻断剂、利尿剂、抗高血压药、三环抗抑郁药、
强镇静剂及二氢麦角胺合用,以及饮酒等,可加强硝酸甘油护心贴膏的降血压作用。
6.Validity(有效期):药品的有效期或失效期有以下几种表示方法:
validity 有效期 storage life 贮存期
Expiry(Exp.) date 失效(日)期 Shelf life 贮存期(贮藏期限)
Expiring 失效期 Stability 稳定性
Expiration date 失效(日)期
例15 Expiry: 18 months (Expiry date is printed on the vial label.)
有效期:18个月(失效日期印在瓶签上)。
例16 Validity and storage: The solution will keep for five years if stored at a temperature below 20℃
有效期及贮存法:于20℃以下可保存5年。
例17 Stability: Cefoperazone is stable at least 24 hours in aqueous solutions, stored at temperature which ranges from 5 to 25℃.The powder form is really effective till the expiry date indicated on packings.
稳定性:头孢哌酮存于5~25℃温度下的稳定性至少可达24小时。木品粉剂的药效实际上可保持到包装上规定的失效日期。
例18 Stability: See expiry date on the outside of the pack.
稳定性;见外包装上的失效日期
例19 Shelf-life: The drug should not be used after the expiry date(=Exp) printed on pack.
木品超过包装上印刷的有效期后不得使用,
7. 其他可能出现的项目:
1) References 参考文献 Literature 参考文献
2) Clinical dtaa 临床数据
3) Formula(Formulation) 分子式
4) Recommendations 建议
5) Remark(s) 注意 Attention 注意
6) Tolerance 耐受性
7) Intormation for the patients 患者须知
8) Further information 补充资料
9) Batch No 批号
10)Made in 由……制造 Produced by 由…生产
Manufactured(Manfd)by 由…制造
11)Pharmaceuticala Precautions 药品的注意事项
还可能有其他项目.这里不再列举。
以上是英文药品说明书中的主要项目的英文标题,不同的表示方法,结构特点,常用词,短语及句型等。掌握这些内容有助于了解英文说明书的脉络,但要完全理解说明书的全部内容还需要经过一番努力。
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有些说明书较详细地介绍药品的药理作用(Pharmacological Actions)。其内容主要包括药理作用、临床药理(Clinical Parmacology)、体外试验(in vitro experiments)、药物代谢(Metabolism)、药效(Potency)及毒性(Toxicity)等。这一项常用的标题是:
Pharmacological Action 药理作用
Pharmacological Properties 药理性质
Pharmacology 药理学
Clinical Pharmacology 临床药理
其他的表示方法还有:
Actions 作用
Actions and Properties 作用与性质
Clinical Effect (Use) 临床效果(用途)
Mechanism of Action 作用机理
Mode of Action 作用方式
如果药品的一种抗生素,可能出现:
Biological Action 生物活性
Microbiology 微生物学
此外,还有一此其他的表示方法,这里不一一列举。
这一项目中涉及的词汇范围包括药理学、生理学、化学、毒理学、微生物学及医学等学科,专业词汇多,是较难阅读的一部分内容,阅读时可参阅《英汉医学词汇》、《英汉微生物学词汇》及《英汉化学化工词汇》等工具书。另外,还会遇到许多缩写词,如:CNS(中枢神经系统)、EEG(脑电图)、LD50(半数致死剂量)、ECG(心电图)等,这些缩写词可在英汉医学缩略语词典中查到。
1、动词
absorb 吸收
act 作用
cause (be cause by) 引起(由……引起)
demonstrate 显示
exert (action on) 起……作用
exhibit 显示
inhibit 抑制
accumulate 积蓄
administrate 投药
excrete 排泄
result in 导致 indicate 表明
maintain 维持
produce 产生
protect (from) 保护(不变)
reach 达到
show 显示,表明
treat 治疗
metabolize 代谢
promote 促进
prevent 阻止,预防
tolerate 耐受
2、形容词
(be) active (effective) against 对…有效的
(be) related to 与……有关的
(be) sensitive to 对……敏感的
resistant to ……有耐药性的 average 平均的
minimum 最低(小)的
maximum 最高(大)的
normal 正常的
3、名词
ability 能力
activity 活性
distribution 分布
excretion 排泄
action 作用
clearance 廓清率
effect on 对…的作用
function 功能,作用
half life 半衰期
in vitro 体外 kidney 肾
mechanism 机理
serum concentration 血清浓度
tolerance 耐受性
infection 感染
in vivo 体内
level 水平,浓度
plasm lever 血浆浓度(水平)
toxicity 毒性
以上仅举部分例词,此外还有许多专业词汇和基础词汇请参阅有关资料。
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下面是读文网小编整理的商业英文书信中所使用的词语, 希望对大家有帮助。
(1)贵函
Your letter; Your favour; your esteemed letter; Your esteemed favour; Your valued letter; Your valued favour; Your note; Your communication; Your greatly esteemed letter; Your very friendly note; Your friendly advice; Yours.
(2)本信,本函
Our (my) letter; Our (my) respects; Ours (mine); This letter; these lines; The present.
(3)前函
The last letter; The last mail; The last post; the last communication; The last respects(自己的信); The last favour(来信)
(4)次函
The next letter; The next mail; The next communication; The letter following; the following.
(5)贵函发出日期
Your letter of (the) 5th May; Your favour dated (the) 5th June; Yours of the 3rd July; Yours under date (of) the 5th July; Your letter bearing date 5th July; Your favour of even date(AE); Your letter of yesterday; Your favour of yesterday's date; Your letter dated yesterday.
(6)贵方来电、电传及传真
Your telegram; Your wire; Your cablegram(从国外); Your coded wire(密码电报); Your code message; Your cipher telegram; Your wireless telegram; Your TELEX; Your Fax.
(7)贵方电话
Your telephone message; Your phone message; Your telephonic communication; Your telephone call; Your ring.
(8)通知
(Noun)
Advice; Notice; Information; Notification; Communication; A report; News; Intelligence; Message.
(Verb)(通知,告知)
To communicate (a fact) to; To report (a fact) to...on; To apprise (a person) of; To let (a person) know; To acquaint (a person) with; To intimate (a fact) to; To send word; to send a message; To mail a notice; to write (a person) information; To give notice(预告); To break a news to(通知坏消息); To announce(宣布).
(9)回信
(Noun)
An answer; A reply; A response.
(Verb)
To answer; To reply; To give a reply; To give one's answer; To make an answer; To send an answer; To write in reply; To answer one's letter.
(特此回信)
Reply to; Answering to; In answer to; In reply to; In response to.
(等候回信)
To await an answer; To wait for an answer.
(收到回信)
To get an answer; To favour one with an answer; To get a letter answered.
(10)收讫,收到
(Noun)
Receipt(收到); A receipt(收据); A receiver(领取人,取款人); A recipient(收款人)
(Verb)
To receive; To be in receipt of; To be to (at) hand; To come to hand; To be in possesion of; To be favoured with; To get; To have; To have before (a person); To make out a receipt(开出收据); To acknowledge receipt(告知收讫).
(11)确认
To confirm; Confirming; Confirmation; In Confirmation of(为确认...,为证实...); A letter of confirmation(确认函或确认书)
(12)高兴,愉快,欣慰
To have the pleasure to do; To have the pleasure of doing; To have pleasure to do; to have pleasure in (of) doing; To take (a) pleasure in doing (something); To take pleasure in doing (something); To be pleased to (with)(by); to be delighted at (in)(with); To be glad to (of)(about); To be rejoiced in (at).
(13)随函附件
Enclose; Inclose.
(14)迅速,立刻
Urgently; Promptly; Immediately; With all speed; At once; With dispatch; With all despatch; With the quickest possible despatch; With the least possible delay; As soon as possible; As quickly as possible; As promptly as possible; At one's earliest convenience; At the earliest possible moment; At an early date; Without delay; Without loss of time; Immediately on receipt of this letter; By express messenger; By Special messenger; By special delivery; By express letter.
(15)回信
By return; By return of post; By return of mail; By return of air-mail.
(16)依照
According to; Agreeably to; Conformably to; pursuant to; In accordance with; In conformity with (to); In obedience to; In deference to; In compliance with; In agreement with; In pursuance of.
(17)就...,关于
About; Regarding; Concerning; As to; As regards; With regard to; In regard to;(of); Respecting; Relative to; Anent; In connection with; Referring to; With reference to; In reference to; Re.
(18)期满到期及应付之款
To be due; To fall due (become) due(日期将到); Duly(正时,及时);In due Course (依照顺序).
(19)(每个,按照,通过)
Per(=by, through) rail.(post,mail,steamer)(通过铁路,邮政,轮船)
Per pro.= by proxy (由代理)
Per annum (=yearly,每年)
Per mensem (=monthly,每月)
Per diem [daiem] (=daily,每日)
Per man, per capital (=per head,依照人数,每一人)
Per piece (每一个,每一件)
(20)表示抱歉(冒昧做了某事)
To take the liberty of doing something; To take the liberty to do something; To take the liberty in doing something.
(21)甚感遗憾,请包涵
To regret; To be sorry; To be chagrined; To be mortified; To be vexed; To regret to say; To be sorry to say; To one's regret; To feel a great regret for; To express regret; To be regretted; To be a matter for regret; To be regrettable; To be deplorable.
(22)(我们)对于...甚感荣幸
To have the honour of doing (being); To have the honour to do (be); To do one (oneself) the honour of doing (being); To esteem (regard) it as a high honour to do (be); To appreciate the honour to do (be); To feel honoured to do (be); To owe one a debt of honour to do (be); To be honoured with doing (being) something; To honour one with doing (being) something.
(23)请
Please; Kindly; be good enough; Be kind enough; Have the kindness.
(24)感谢,衷心感谢等
To thank; To be (feel) thankful; To be (feel) grateful; To be obliged; To be indebted; To esteem (it) a favour (privilege); To give (tender, return) one's thanks; To express one's gratitude (appreciation); To tender one's sincere thanks for; To be overwhelmed with gratitude.
(25)请照顾等
(Noun)(请吩咐)
Command; Order; Service
(Verb)(服务)
To command; To order; To serve; To be at one's service; To render service to one; To do one a service; To be of service to one.
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下面是读文网小编整理的英文药品说明书:适应症的各种表达方法, 希望对大家有帮助。
Indications适应症
Indications and Usage 适应症与用途
Major(Principal)Indications 主要适应症
Uses用途
Action and Use作用与用途
偶尔也会见到其他的表示方法。
本项中出现频率最高的是疾病名称以及微生物(尤其是致病菌)的名称,如:
angina pectoris 心绞痛
cancer癌
diabetes(mellitus)糖尿病
hypertension 高血压
gram-positive microorganisms(bacteria)革兰氏阳性菌
virus 病毒
gram-negative mcroorgansms(bacteria)革兰氏阴性菌
E.coli 大肠杆菌
这些词汇可借助英汉医学词典进行阅读和翻译,只要掌握了这些词意,即可了解本项基本内容。
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月亮是环绕地球运行的一颗固态卫星,也是离地球最近的天体。那么你知道月亮的英文是什么吗?下面读文网小编为大家带来月亮的英文表达和相关例句,希望对你有所帮助。
1. In Norse mythology the moon is personified as male.
在斯堪的纳维亚神话里,月亮被赋予了男性身份。
2. The half moon is hidden behind some wispy clouds.
半轮月亮躲在淡淡的云彩之后。
3. Look at that moon. Is that beautiful or what?
看看那月亮,它真漂亮,不是吗?
4. The moon was casting a rainbow through the spray from the waterfall.
月亮在瀑布溅起的水雾上照出了一道彩虹。
5. The moon was waning, and each day it rose later.
月亮渐亏,每天出现的时间也越来越晚。
6. The moon shone, shedding a ghostly light on the fields.
月亮闪耀,田野上洒下幽幽的亮光。
7. The moon disappeared behind a cloud.
月亮消失在云后。
8. The moon was rising in the inky sky.
月亮升起在墨似的夜空中。
9. There will be no moon.
月亮不会出来了。
10. A dog suddenly howled, baying at the moon.
一只狗突然对着月亮狂吠不止。
11. The silvery globe of the moon hung in the sky.
银盘似的月亮悬挂在空中.
12. The moon finally peeped out from behind the clouds.
月亮终于从云层后面露了出来.
13. The sky was dark blue and clear when the moon came up.
月亮出来时,天空是深蓝色的,非常晴朗.
14. He looked at the moon and made the time to be midnight.
他看了看月亮,估计时间是半夜了.
15. The fog cleared away and the full moon appeared.
雾消散了,整个月亮出现了.
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珍惜是指重视爱惜,如对待珠宝般爱惜。那么你知道珍惜的英文是什么吗?下面读文网小编为大家带来珍惜的英文表达和相关例句,希望对你有所帮助。
treasure
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学习,是指通过阅读、听讲、思考、研究、实践等途径获得知识或技能的过程。那么你知道学习的英文是什么吗?下面读文网小编为大家带来学习的英文表达和相关例句,欢迎大家一起学习。
learn
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原始人发展出的图示和表意符号是如今现代字母的原型,比如楔形文字和象形文字。如今我们最常用的就是英语字母,那么你知道字母的英文是什么吗?下面读文网小编为大家带来字母的英文表达和相关例句,希望对你有所帮助。
Arabic alphabet;
阿拉伯字母
a capital letter;
大写字母
the English alphabet;
英语字母
the Chinese phonetic alphabet;
汉语拼音字母
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