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下面是读文网小编整理的临床医学英语, 希望对大家有帮助。
Part I Vocabulary (30 points)
Section A
Directions: Choose the definition from choices marked A), B), C) and D) that best matches the stem or affix given in each item.
1. therm/o-
A) temperature B) suture C) fracture D) structure
2. –ary
A) contrary to B) related to C) parallel with D) coupled with
3. meno-
A) period B) perineal C) parturient D) plaque
4. lev/o-
A) right B) left C) upper D) lower
5. lenti-
A) molecule B) massage C) slow D) serum
6. scler/o-
A) focus B) strengthen C) intensify D) harden
7. –scopy
A) predisposition B) presentation C) circulation D) examination
8. lapar/o-
A) cervix B) abdomen C) pleura D) breech
9. cholecyst/o-
A) bile B) spleen C) pancreas D) gall bladder
10. neo-
A) excessive B) deficient C) new D) few
11. hyster/o-
A) placenta B) uterus C) viscera D) striatum
12. estr/o-
A) felid B) fomite C) forceps D) female
13. ser/o-
A) saturation B) sedation C) serum D) sodium
14. -poietic
A) productive B) conductive C) progressive D) indicative
15. gynec/o-
A) felid B) fomite C) female D) forceps
16. –meter
A) infusion B) instrument C) incontinence D) increment
17. -on
A) probe B) plaque C) particle D) pleura
18. chole-
A) bile B) spleen C) pancreas D) gall bladder
19. tele-
A) titer B) thermal C) futile D) far
20. –ectomy
A) exception B) excision C) exertion D) examination
Section B
Directions: There are 25 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.
21.Cerebral thrombotic strokes often occur at night or first thing in the morning, when blood
pressure is low. They’re often preceded by a transient __________ attack, also called a TIA
or “mini-stroke.”
A) irreversible B) inexorable C) idiopathic D) ischemic
22.Health care workers with__________ exposures to HIV-containing blood, however, are infected fewer than 1 in 300 times.
A) prognostic B) pleuritic C) percutaneous D) proviral
23. A __________ infection is just a fancy way of saying an infection caught while staying in the hospital. These infections can be caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi or other agents.
A) nosocomial B) terminal C) precordial D) intracranial
24. Obesity, diabetes, and hypertension also affect the kidneys. Diabetic __________ develops in about one third of patients with diabetes, and its incidence is sharply increasing in the developing world.
A) neuropathy B) neuralgia C) nephropathy D) nephralgia
25. General __________, administered by inhalation or intravenous injection, cause unconsciousness as well as insensibility to pain, and are used for major surgical procedures.
A) akinesia B) anesthesia C) asphyxia D) anorexia
26. Gene therapy is a technique for correcting defective genes responsible for disease development.
For example, an abnormal gene could be swapped for a normal gene through __________ recombination.
A)hematopoietic B) heterogeneous C) homologous D) hormonal
#p#副标题#e#27.__________ are a class of viruses with double-strained DNA genomes that cause respiratory, intestinal and eye infections in humans.
A) Retroviruses B) Adenoviruses C) Lentiviruses D) Virions
28.Tremors, rigidity, __________, poor balance, and difficulty in walking are characteristic primary symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.
A) bradycardia B) bradykinesia C) tachypnea D) tachyarrhythmia
29. __________ is a condition in which the placenta covers the cervix partially or completely, making vaginal delivery impossible.
A) Placenta previa B) Placental abruption
C) Placenta accreta D) Placental probe
30. A blood clot that breaks off and travels to another part of the body is called a/an __________.
A) thrombus B) thrombosis C) embolus D) bolus
31. Medical experts think __________ tends to carry cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver, where it is passed from the body.
A) VLDL B) HDL C) IDL D) LDL
32. Patients with inadequate oxygen delivery to their myocardium are admitted for the management
of __________ and myocardial infarction.
A) acidosis B) adenoma C) angina D) aphasia
33. Not breathing, which is also called __________, is the lack of spontaneous breathing. It requires
immediate medical attention.
A) acuity B) apnea C) asystole D) aspiration
34. A __________ refers to a group of organisms of the same species, having distinctive characteristics but not usually considered a separate breed or variety.
A) specter B) spectrum C) sphere D) strain
35. Tuberculosis was popularly known as __________ for a long time. Scientists know it as an infection caused by M. tuberculosis.
A) constipation B) consolidation C) consumption D) cardioversion
36. Doctors say that only 3% of infants with breech _____________who are delivered vaginally will have traumatic injury.
A) palpation B) presentation C) incubation D) induction
37. If tuberculosis __________ are not tested for drug susceptibility from the outset, resistance may be detected too late to permit a cure.
A) isolates B) germlines C) alleles D) swabs
38. Human influenza is transmitted by inhalation of infectious droplets and droplet nuclei, by direct contact, and perhaps, by indirect contact, with self-inoculation on the upper respiratory tract or conjunctival _______________.
A) mucous B) mucus C) mucosa D) serosa
39. Almost all patients have clinically apparent pneumonia; radiographic changes include diffuse, multifocal, or patchy infiltrates; interstitial infiltrates; and segmental or lobular consolidation with air _____________.
A) bronchospasm B) bronchography C) bronchograms D) bronchostaxis
40. The ultimate aim in preventing disease onset will require a major multidisciplinary effort to identify the genes that ____________type 1 diabetes and to identify the interacting environment factors that trigger the disease.
A) destine to B) susceptible to C) predispose to D) liable to
Part III Reading Comprehension ( 50 points )
Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A, B, C, and D. read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the answer sheet by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.
Passage 1
Asthma is manifested by widespread narrowing of the airways that changes in severity, either spontaneously, or as a result of treatment. The reversible airway obstruction is caused by smooth muscle contraction and mucosal edema. Secretion clearance is diminished and production may be increased. Bronchial hyperreactivity is not unique to asthma, however. A small number of healthy subjects, and as many as 50% of patients with allergic rhinitis, manifest abnormal airway reactivity to bronchial challenge. The etiology of bronchial hyper-reactivity is unknown. Possible mechanisms include an increased responsiveness of the smooth muscle itself, an abnormality in the autonomic nervous system control of the smooth muscle or an increase in the accessibility of the stimulus to the target cells. An increase in airway wall thickness and smooth muscle mass probably contributes to the reactive state. Irritant receptors located in the airways, nose, larynx, and lungs respond to mechanical and chemical irritants, inhalation of dust, and drugs such as histamine. When stimulated, these receptors cause reflex bronchoconstriction through vagal efferent pathways.
Several interrelated physiologic abnormalities occur in patients with significant bronchoconstriction. Airway resistance increases five to six times above normal and specific conductance is therefore decreased. Expiratory time is prolonged and the forced vital capacity is low, averaging approximately 50% of predicted normal. The forced expired volume in one second (FEV1) is diminished, averaging 30% ~ 35% of predicted normal while maximum midexpiratory flow rate (MMEFR) and the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) usually are only 15% ~ 20% of normal. Hyperinflation is manifested by an increase in the residual volume and functional residual capacity (FRC) but diminished vital capacity and elastic recoil. Total lung capacity may be normal or only slightly increased. Pathophysiologic changes include ventilation-perfusion mismatching which results in hypoxemia. Increased airway resistance leads to progressive alveolar hypoventilation and hypercapnia, while the increased work of breathing results in lactic acidemia. The combined respiratory and metabolic acidosis may be life threatening.
41. ________ can cause asthma, a widespread narrowing of the airways that changes in severity.
A) Aging B) Treatment C) Sputum D) Immunoglobulin
42. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the above passage?
A) In asthma, secretion clearance is decreased.
B) In asthma, airway obstruction is reversible.
C) Bronchial hyperreactivity is unique to asthma.
D) The etiology of bronchial hyperreactivity is unknown.
43. Possible mechanism of bronchial hyperreactivity includes ______.
A) an increased responsiveness of the smooth muscle itself.
B) inhalation of mechanical and chemical irritants.
C) autonomic nervous system control of the smooth muscle.
D) irritant receptors located in the airways.
44. In asthma, the forced vital capacity averages approximately ______ of predicted normal.
A) 15% B) 20% C) 50% D) 75%
45. Which of the following statements concerning asthma is TRUE according to the above passage?
A) Pathophysiologic changes include ventilation-perfusion mismatching which results in hyperxemia.
B) Total lung capacity may be normal or only slightly decreased.
C) The increased work of breathing results in hypercapnia.
D) The combined respiratory and metabolic acidosis may be fatal.
#p#副标题#e#Passage 2
Most patients who have a haematemesis are in no doubt that the blood was vomited. However, blood discovered in the mouth may have originated from the postnasal space or lower respiratory tract. This can cause confusion unless time is taken to elicit an accurate history. The haematemesis may consist either of fresh blood mixed with gastric fluid or changed blood in the form of “coffee grounds”. All such patients should be referred to hospital for admission because haematemesis indicates a recent haemorrhage.
The patient’s estimate of how much blood has been vomited is seldom helpful in assessing the true severity of the bleed. In contrast, vomitus saved by the patient or produced in the presence of the practitioner is a useful guide. Haematemesis may be accompanied by melaena but because most patients who vomit blood rapidly seek medical attention, it is not always initially present. If no stool has been passed, rectal examination may reveal melaena. This can sometimes be helpful when there is doubt about the validity of haematemesis. Malaena without haematemesis often indicates a less severe bleed. However, when melaena is fresh or has been present for 3 days or less, admission to hospital is still required. A patient with a longer history of melaena who is not anaemic and remains otherwise healthy does not necessarily require admission, providing early investigation can be arranged. Confusion can sometimes arise in patients taking iron or bismuth containing preparations because they both cause darkening of the stool. Neither gives a positive occult blood test.
46. According to the above passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) All blood discovered in the mouth was vomited.
B) Most blood discovered in the mouth was vomited.
C) All blood discovered in the mouth originated from the postnasal space or lower respiratory tract.
D) Most blood discovered in the mouth originated from the postnasal space or lower respiratory tract.
47. According to the above passage, what may the haematemesis consist of?
A) Fresh blood mixed with “coffee grounds”.
B) Fresh blood in the form of “coffee grounds”.
C) Changed blood mixed with “coffee grounds”.
D) Changed blood in the form of “coffee grounds”.
48. _______ is usually helpful in assessing the true severity of the haemorrhage.
A) The patient’s estimate of how much blood has been vomited.
B) The patient’s estimate of how much food has been vomited.
C) The vomitus.
D) The melaena.
49. According to the above passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) Haematemesis without malaena often indicates a less severe bleed.
B) Haematemesis with malaena often indicates a less severe bleed.
C) Malaena without haematemesis often indicates a less severe bleed.
D) Malaena with anaemia often indicates a less severe bleed.
50.Under which of the following conditions the patient should be referred to hospital for admission?
A) When melaena is in the form of “coffee grounds”.
B) When melaena is fresh.
C) When anaemia is present.
D) When the stool is dark.
Passage 3
For surgery to be curative, it must be performed before the cancer has spread into organs and tissues that cannot be safely removed. Since the late 19th century increasingly radical operations for cancer have become standard. Despite the increasing extent of these procedures, risk has been reduced by improvements in surgical techniques, anesthesiology, and preoperative and postoperative care, especially in the control of infection. Heart-lung pumps, artificial kidneys, and methods of maintaining electrolyte balance and metabolic equilibrium have permitted patients with impaired cardiovascular and kidney functions or poor general metabolism to survive cancer surgery.
Major advances have been made in the restoration of structures altered by cancer surgery and in the rehabilitation of people who have undergone radical surgery. Patients undergoing certain surgical procedures for cancer of the colon or rectum, for instance, can be equipped with simple devices for the elimination of solid waste. For patients with cancer of the head and neck, the use of grafting methods and of tissue flaps make it possible to apply reconstructive techniques at the time the cancer is removed.
Rehabilitation of the patient also plays an important role. Women who have extensive surgery for breast cancer are given treatment for restoration of muscle tone needed for movement of the arms. Progress has also been made in teaching new mechanisms of speech to people who have undergone surgical removal of the larynx.
In addition to saving lives by eradicating cancer, surgery also may improve the remaining months or years of life for persons whose cancers cannot be eradicated, restoring comfort and a sense of usefulness. When severe pain accompanies cancer, surgery may bring relief by severing the nerve pathways that carry the painful sensations. In addition, surgery is sometimes necessary to treat abscesses resulting from either the tumour or infection and to relieve intestinal obstructions.
Surgery is also valuable as a preventive measure in controlling cancer. It may be used to elimination precancerous conditions in the mouth, chronic ulcers (ulcerative colitis) that may lead to cancer of the colon, and certain precancerous polyps in the colon and rectum. It may be used to remove burn scars that may lead to cancer, precancerous nodules in the thyroid gland, and certain precancerous pigmented moles.
51. The first paragraph is mainly about _________.
A) the increasingly radical operations for cancer
B) the rapid improvement of cancer surgery
C) the improvements in surgical techniques
D) the standardized cancer surgery
52. Which of the following statements is true according to this passage?
A) The structures altered by cancer surgery can hardly be restored
B) Simple devices for the elimination of solid waste have been designed for breast cancer patients
C) Surgery may help alleviate the sufferings of the incurable cancer patients
D) Surgery is an effective means to restore muscle tone
53. According to this passage, which of the following statements is not true?
A) Methods of maintaining homeostasis is used to help the cancer patients to be operated.
B) The colon cancer patients can be equipped with devices for the elimination of fluid.
C) The neck cancer patients can undergo a transplant during the cancer surgery.
D) Cancer surgery can be used to help the patients to be more positive to life.
54. The underlined word “It” in the last paragraph refers to _______
A) surgery B) a preventive measure
C) to remove burn scars D) that may lead to cancer
55. The proper title for this passage should be ______.
A) Controlling cancer B) Eradicating Cancer
C) Cancer surgery D) Rehabilitation of Cancer Patients
Passage 4
A big advantage of using genetic engineering to produce drugs is that it’s possible to mass-produce chemicals that might otherwise be difficult and costly to extract, or simply unavailable by conventional means. Another important advantage is that drugs produced in this way are pure and, if made using human genes, fully compatible with use in people.
For example, before engineered bacteria were cloned to manufacture human insulin, the main source of this hormone (used to treat diabetes) was the pancreas of cattle or pigs. Although similar to human insulin, animal insulin is not identical and causes allergic reactions in some patients. The human protein produced by bacteria with recombinant DNA, however, has no such effect.
To take another example, vaccines against disease are traditionally prepared from killed or “disarmed” pathogens (disease-causing microbes). They are effective in the vast majority of people, but a small percentage of the population have allergic reactions to vaccines. There is also a very small risk of vaccine organisms reactivating to their former pathogenic state. Genetically engineered vaccines are safer because they contain no living organisms — only the proteins that stimulate the body to develop immunity.
Vaccines are the second-largest category of over 200 drugs now being produced by American pharmaceutical companies using biotechnology. Other products include hormones, inter
ferons, blood-clotting factors, antisense molecules, and enzymes. Most of these drugs are still undergoing clinical testing and are designed to combat cancer, AIDS, asthma, diabetes, heart disease, Lyme disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and viral infections.
But the bottom line is that mapping and even sequencing genes is only a beginning. That knowledge alone won’t tell us the gene’s functions. Of the 2,000 or so genes whose locations are mapped today, we know the functions of only a few hundred. And knowing the functions won’t tell us how those functions are actually carried out — how genes are expressed and what the biochemical steps are between the coding for a protein and the symptoms of a disease.
Although advancing knowledge is rapidly closing in on these areas, we needn’t worry just yet about having all these secrets of life.
56. What makes it so successful to use genetic engineering to produce drugs?
A) mass-production at a low cost B) compatibility
C) purity D) all of the above
57. Human insulin has an advantage over animal insulin in _______.
A) dosage B) rejection
C) compatibility D) all of the above
58. What makes genetically engineered vaccines safely acceptable to those who are allergic to traditional ones?
A) capable of developing immunity
B) contributive to immune potency
C) full of “disarmed ” pathogens
D) free of living organisms
59. What researchers have done, according to the author, is far from enough in ____________.
A) mapping and sequencing genes
B) fully understanding genes’ functions and expressions
C) genes’ expressions making sense of the biochemical mechanisms
D) all of the above
60. At the end, the author is trying to tell us that the fear of having all the secrets of life is ________.
A) misleading B) impossible
C) reasonable D) unnecessary
#p#副标题#e#Passage 5
In 1960 the proportion of people in Europe aged 60 or over was 14%; by 1980 it had risen to 17%, and by 2025 it is expected to be 25%. Meanwhile, fewer and fewer family members are available to care for the elderly. The best solution to this problem would be to create conditions allowing the elderly to remain healthy so that they could look after themselves.
At Present, the highest proportions of elderly people in Europe are in Germany and Greece; 25 years later, this distinction will be shared by Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Switzerland. The fastest projected rate of population growth for elderly people, however, will be Russia where the number of those aged 60 or over will have risen from 35 million in 1980 to 72 million in 2025.
Problems brought by success :These developments, which reflect a general increase in life expectancy since the Second World War, produce new challenges that we must address if crucial problems are to be avoided.
The number of people aged 80 or more is rising particularly rapidly. These People consume a greater proportion of health care and social services than any other age group. Because women live longer than men on average, the socioeconomic and health problems of elderly people are largely borne by women. As more women enter the job market, there are fewer of them available to care for elderly people than formerly. This factor, together with increased migration by young people, is weakening family and community support and protection for the elderly.
Why is the life expectancy of men less than that of women? Why do some people lose their ability to function while others remain active and productive? What changes should be made in life-styles and behaviors to maintain our vital potential and autonomy? Most such queries are still unanswered, but it is now wide1y accepted that progress can be made only through the search for healthy aging, which was first discussed in 1990 by WHO's Regional Committee for Europe.
Old age is not a disease and cannot be prevented! The occurrence of chronic, degenerative diseases in old people can, however, be diminished, though not by means of curative medicine alone: middle-aged people should be the main target for health promotion, with a view to preventing disability in old age. It should also be noted that there are differences between European countries in life expectancy and morbidity and disability rates.
It is to be expected that the health and functional ability of people aged under 75 will improve and that they will look for better opportunities to remain active in society. At the same time, governments are likely to be seeking a balance between early retirement (to ease the job market) and late retirement (to reduce the cost of pensions). Meanwhile, a large increase in the proportion of people aged 85 or over can be expected to create a growing demand for personal care and help with the tasks of daily life.
Who will 1ook after the very old? In most European countries it seems probable that community-based care, and home care in particular, will provide the best solution to the problem of looking after the elderly. But as relatives and neighbors are likely to become decreasingly available as carers, it is important to consider who might replace them. Of course, institutional care will remain necessary for some people, among them those who are severely disabled or live alone.
A balance has to be struck between the provision of community services for home care and the provision of institutional care. Rehabilitative facilities will have to be increasingly relied on to develop and maintain the functional ability of elderly people so that they can live as independently as possible. Changes in attitudes will have to be encouraged among health and allied professionals and the general public. Human and financial resources should be redistributed and people should become more closely involved in the development of medical ethics and play an active part in the choice of care and the protection of their own health.
61. According to the author, the key to solving the problem of taking care of the elderly is______.
A) to provide good conditions so as to help them remain healthy and look after themselves
B) to set up more hospitals and recovery centers
C) to forbid their children going abroad
D) to create more opportunities for them to work and exercise
62. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a problem of aging?
A) Increased migration by young people.
B) More women's entry into the job market.
C) Growing demands for personal care and help.
D) Increasing chronic and degenerative diseases in old people.
63. For the purpose of preventing disability in old age, on what should emphasis be laid for health promotion?
A) Curative medicine B) Community support
C) Elderly people D) The middle-aged people
64. According to the passage, what factor is mainly responsible for the rapid growing of the number of old people aged 80 or more in many countries?
A) The longer lives of women.
B) The impact of the Second World War.
C) The contribution of WHO.
D) Medical professionals.
65. In discussing "who wi11 1ook after the very old?", ______.
A) the author questions whether to care for the elderly is worthwhile
B) the author stresses that relatives and neighbors should take on the task to look after the elderly
C) the author points out that the elderly like living alone and not being disturbed
D) the author makes several suggestions as to how to take care of the very old people .
Part III Translation ( 20 points)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, a retrovirus of the lentivirus family that was unknown until the early 1980’s, but since that time has been spread around the world to infect millions of persons. The result of HIV infection is relentless destruction of the immune system. All HIV infected persons are at risk for illness and death from opportunistic infectious and neoplastic complications as a result of the inevitable manifestations of AIDS. Retroviruses are unable to replicate outside of living host cells because they contain only RNA and do not contain DNA. The variant of HIV that is the cause for almost all infections is known as HIV-1.
2. At least 225,000 people in the U.S will die suddenly this year from coronary heart disease before they reach a hospital. In addition, an estimated 370,000 to 750,000 patients will have a cardiac arrest and undergo attempted resuscitation during hospitalization. The causes of cardiac arrest are numerous; by far the most common in adults is ischemic cardiovascular disease. The arrest is usually associated with the lethal arrhythmia of ventricular fibrillation triggered by an acutely ischemic or infracted myocardium or by a primary electrical disturbance. The precipitants of a life-threatening arrhythmia such as ventricular fibrillation are poorly understood.
Answer Sheet
Part III Translation ( 20 points)
分数阅卷人
1.______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
2.______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
参考答案:
Key
Part I Vocabulary ( 30% )
Section A
1-5 ABABC 6-10 DDBDC 11-15 BDCAC 16-20 BCADB
Section B
21-25 DCACB 26-30 CBBAC 31-35 BCBDC 36-40 BACCC
Part II Reading Comprehension ( 50% )
Passage 1 41----45 BCACD
Passage 2 46----50 BDCCB
Passage 3 51----55 BCBAC
Passage 4 56----60 DCDDD
Passage 5 61----65 ADDAD
Part III Translation ( 20% )
1. 艾滋病是由人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)引起的。HIV是一种逆转录酶病毒,慢病毒属,直到20世纪80年代早期才被发现。但此后,该病毒在世界上广为传播,数以百万计的人感染了这种病毒。感染上这种病毒的结果就是对免疫系统的无情摧毁。所有HIV感染者由于艾滋病必然的临床表现而出现炎症并发症和肿瘤并发症面临疾病和死亡的危险。逆转录酶病毒在宿主细胞外不能复制,因为它们只含有核糖核酸,而没有脱氧核糖核酸。这种称为HIV-1变种的HIV病毒几乎是所有感染的原因。
2. 美国今年至少会有225,000人在送达医院前死于突发性冠状动脉心脏病。此外,据估计,还有370,000 - 750,000患者会因发生心跳骤停,而在医院里接受尝试性复苏术。心跳骤停的原因很多,目前为止在成人中最常见的原因是缺血性心血管疾病。心跳停止通常与致命的心室纤颤性心律失常相关,而心室纤颤是由急性心肌缺血或心肌梗塞或原发性心肌电活动紊乱引发的。心律不齐可能危及生命,而突发的原因(如心室纤颤)尚不明了。
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下面是读文网小编整理的大学医学英语词汇,希望对大家有帮助。
abortion 流产
acetylsalicylic acid 乙酰水杨酸 actuarial 保险公司统计员的 admonition 警告
adrenal 肾上腺的 adrenaline 肾上腺素 adverse 逆的,相反的 advocate 拥护,提倡
ailment 疾病 alleviate 缓解 ambiguous 含糊的
amniocentesis 羊膜穿刺术 analgesic 止痛药
anaphylactic 过敏性的 anemia 贫血
anesthesiologist 麻醉学家 anguish 极度痛苦 antacid 解酸的
antagonism对抗作用 antioxidant 抗氧化剂 appetite 食欲 arrest 停止
ascorbic acid 抗坏血酸 assertion 断言
autosomal 正染色体的,常染色体的 autosome 正染色体,常染色体 bacon 咸猪肉 ban 禁止
barbiturate 巴比妥酸盐 barring 除…之外
beauty parlor 美容院
bedevil 折磨 biceps 二头肌 billion 十亿
biofeedback 生物反馈 blush 脸红
bombard 炮轰,集中攻击 bout 一次,一阵
bridal 婚礼的,新娘的 bridesmaid 女傧相 bug 易患的小病,小昆虫 bulb 球,球状物
Burkitt's lymphoma 伯基特氏淋巴瘤 calorie 卡路里
Campylobacter 弯曲杆菌属 candy 糖果
carcinogen 致癌物
cardiovascular 心血管的 carotene 胡萝卜素 cascade 大量倾泻 catalyst 催化剂
catastrophic 大灾难的 checkered 多变的 chiropractor 按摩师 chlorothiazide 氯基嗪
chorionic 绒毛膜的 clonidine 盐酸可乐定 clump 丛,凝块 code 密码
coincidental 巧合性的 coma 昏迷
confront 使面对
consensus 一致 contaminate 弄脏 contort 扭歪 coral 珊瑚
corned beef 咸牛肉 corned 腌制的(肉类) coronary 冠状的 corrosive 腐蚀性的
cosmetic 化妆品 counsel 劝告 cramp 痉挛
Crohn's disease 克朗氏病 curb 节制,控制
Cyclic AMP 环腺苷酸 cystic 囊的,膀胱的 degeneration 变性 degrade 使退化
deleterious 有害的 deletion 缺失
deliberation 思考 delineate 描画 dermatitis 皮炎 deterioration 变坏 detrimental 有害的
devastate 使…荒芜 diastolic 舒张的 diazoxide 二氮嗪 dictum 宣言 digit 指,趾
dill 用莳萝腌制的泡菜 diminutive 微小的,小型的
distort 歪曲,变形 distract 使分心 distress 疼痛 dormant 休眠的 E.coli 大肠杆菌 ejaculate 射精
electromyogram 肌电图 encase 把…装入箱内 encompass 包括 endemic 地方病的
enigma 谜,令人迷惑的问题 epidemiological 流行病学的 epidemiology 流行病学 episode 一个事件,发作 era 纪元
erotic 性爱的 erratic 不规则的
Escherichia 埃希氏菌属 estrogen 雌激素 exacerbate 使加重 exocrine 外分泌的
expectancy 期望,预期 facet 小平面 fiance 未婚夫 fiancee 未婚妻 fibrosis 纤维变性 fruition 实现,完成 fungus 真菌
furosemide 呋塞米 gelatin 明胶 gender 性别
genital 生殖器的 giddy 头晕的 glamorize 炫耀 glandular 腺的 gorge 狼吞虎咽
grievous 严重的 grimace 怪相 hazard 危险
hemolytic 溶血的 herniated 成疝的 hinder 阻碍
Hippocractor 希波克拉底的 horrific 令人恐惧的 hydralazine 盐酸肼屈嗪
hydroxylase 羟化酶 hypertension 高血压
hypertensive 高血压的 高血压病人 hyperthyroidism 甲状腺功能亢进 hypodermic 皮下的
hypothalamus 丘脑下部,下丘脑 hypothesis 假设
hypothetical 假设的
hypothyroidism 甲状腺功能减退 impose 把…强加
indisposition 不舒服 induction 诱导 inhalation 吸入
intervertebral 椎骨间的 intravenously 静脉注射 inunction 涂擦法 iodine 碘
irrefutable 无可争辩的
irritable bowel syndrome过敏性大肠综合征 irritable 应激性的 islet 小岛 itch 发痒
jittery 紧张不安的 karyotype 染色体组型 ketchup 番茄酱 legitimate 合法的 lethargy 昏睡
ligament 韧带 lingering 逗留的 lipoprotein 脂蛋白 Listeria 李斯特氏菌属 lop 砍去 louce 虱
lubricate 润滑 luxury 奢侈
malignant 恶性的 mandatory 命令的 marshal 引领,排列 meager 不足的,贫乏的 meatus 道,口
megadose 大剂量 melancholia 忧郁症 melanin 黑色素 melanoma 黑色瘤 messenger 信使
microbe 微生物 miniature 微型的
mischief 捣蛋,恶作剧
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下面是读文网小编整理的临床医学英语介绍,希望对大家有帮助。
Chapter One Basics
Unit One Cells, Tissues and Organs
Unit Two Organ Systems
Chapter Two Cardiovascular System
Unit One The Heart and Blood Vessels
Unit Two Heart Failure
Unit Three High Blood Pressure
Unit Four Coronary Artery Disease
Unit Five Fainting
Chapter Three Respiratory System
Unit One Respiratory System
Unit Two Bronchitis
Unit Three Asthma
Unit Four Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Unit Five Pneumonia
Unit Six Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
Unit Seven Lung Abscess
Chapter Four Digestive and Urinary Systems
Unit One Digestive System
Unit Two Gastritis
Unit Three Peptic Ulcer
Unit Four Gastroenteritis
Unit Five Hepatitis
Unit Six Gallstones
Unit Seven Kidney Failure and Dialysis
Chapter Five Endocrine System
Unit One Obesity
Unit Two Diabetes Mellitus
Unit Three Hypoglycemia
Chapter Six Blood Diseases
Unit One Blood
Unit Two Anemia
Chapter Seven Cancer
Unit One Leukemia
Unit Two Cancer
Chapter Eight Infectious Diseases
Unit One Infection and Immunization
Unit Two Leprosy
Unit Three Influenza
Unit Four HIV and AIDS
Unit Five Venereal Diseases
Chapter Nine Ophthalmology
Unit One Eyes and Vision
Unit Two Cataracts
Unit Three Glaucoma
Chapter Ten Other Diseases
Unit One Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Unit Two Menopause
Unit Three Aging
Unit Four Adverse Drug Reactions
Unit Five Transplantation
Appendix
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下面是读文网小编整理的临床医学英语术语速记介绍,希望对大家有帮助。
第一章外科学
第一单元(绪论、无菌术、外科病人的体液失调、输血、外科休克、多器官功能障碍综合征、麻醉)
第一节常用词汇及解析
第二节词汇练习
第三节练习答案
第二单元(重症监测治疗与复苏、疼痛治疗、围手术期处理、外科病人的营养代谢、外科感染创伤、烧伤、冷伤、咬螫伤、显微外科)
第一节常用词汇及解析
第二节词汇练习
第三节练习答案
第三单元(肿瘤、移植、内镜外科、颅内压增高和脑疝、颅脑损伤)
第一节常用词汇及解析
第二节词汇练习
第三节练习答案
第四单元(颅脑和脊髓先天性畸形、颅内和椎管内肿瘤、颅内和椎管内血管性疾病、颈部疾病、乳房疾病)
第一节常用词汇及解析
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下面读文网小编为大家带来医学英语临床相关词汇,欢迎大家学习!
Ibuprofen 布洛芬
Leishmania donovani 杜氏利什曼原虫
Leishmaniasis 利什曼病
MN glycophorin MN血型糖蛋白
Mesoderm 中胚层
MMR vaccine (measles, mumps, rubella) 麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹三联疫苗
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Tubercle bacillus, TB) 结核杆菌
Necator americanus 美洲板口线虫
Negri body 内基小体
Nematode 线虫
Neopallium 新脑皮层
Neostigmine 新斯的明
Northern blot RNA分子杂交印迹法
Okazaki fragment 冈崎片段
Pagumogonimus skrjabini 斯氏狸殖吸虫
Pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢子虫
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 绿脓杆菌
Purkinje fiber 蒲肯野纤维
Purkinje fiber 蒲肯野纤维
Purkinje system 蒲肯野系统
Rathke pouch 拉特克囊
S phase delay S时相延迟
Salmonella typhi 伤寒沙门菌
Sarcoptes scabiei 人疥螨
Seoul virus 汉城型病毒
Shigella 志贺菌属
Southern blot Southern印迹
Schistosoma haematobium 埃及血吸虫
Schistosoma japomicum 日本血吸虫
Schistosoma mansoni 曼氏血吸虫
Schistosomiasis 血吸虫病
Schuffner's dots 薛氏小点
Spirometra mansoni 曼氏迭宫绦虫
Taurine 牛磺酸
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小编为大家整理了用药说明书英语翻译。一起来学习一下吧!
眼药水
To prevent contamination, do not let the tip of the eye drop applicator touch any surface (including the eye) and keep the container tightly closed.
为防止污染,切勿将点眼器碰触物体表面(包括眼睛),将盖盖紧。
The bottle may not be full; this is to provide proper drop control.
眼药瓶内留有一定空隙,便于滴药时控制。
How to apply: First, wash your hands. Tilt your head back and, with the index finger, pull the lower eyelid away from the eye to form a pouch. Drop the medicine into the pouch and gently close your eyes. Do not blink. Keep your eyes closed for 1 to 2 minutes.
用法:先洗手。头后仰,用食指将下眼睑下拉,使成袋状。将药物滴入袋内,轻轻合上眼睛。勿眨眼。合眼1-2分钟。
If your medicine is for glaucoma or inflammation of the eye: Follow the directions for application that are listed above. However, immediately after placing the drops in your eye, apply pressure to the inside corner of the eye with your middle finger. Continue to apply pressure for 1 to 2 minutes after the medicine has been placed in the eye. This will help prevent the medicine from being absorbed into the body and causing side effects.
青光眼或炎症眼药:按药物说明使用。药物滴入眼睛后,即用中指按压眼内角1-2分钟,以防止药物被躯体吸收,导致副作用。
After applying the eyedrops, wash your hands to remove any medicine.
用药毕,洗手,放好药品。
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小编为大家整理临床医学英语词汇,希望对你有帮助哦!
absolute refractory period 绝对不应期
absorbed dose rate 吸收剂量率
absorbed dose 吸收剂量
absorption coefficient 吸收系数
absorption of light 光的吸收
absorption spectrum 吸收光谱
absorption 吸收,吸收作用
absorptive cell 吸收细胞
absorptivity 吸收率
abstinence syndrome 戒断症状
acceptor site 受位
accessory n. 副神经
acentric fragment 无着丝点片段
acentric ring 无着丝点环
acetaminophen 醋氨酚
acetone 丙酮
acidophilia 嗜酸性
acidophilic body 嗜酸小体
acinus 腺泡
acrosome reaction 顶体反应
acrosome 顶体
actin filament 肌动蛋白丝
actin 肌动蛋白
action potential 动作电位
action 作用
activation 激活,活化
activator 激活蛋白,激活剂,活化物
active immunization 主动免疫
active oxygen 活性氧
active reabsorption 主动重吸收
active transport 主动运输,主动转运
acute experiment 急性实验
acute inflammation 急性炎症
acute proliferative glomerulonephritis 急性增殖性肾小球肾炎
acute radiation injury 急性放射损伤
acute reaction 急性反应
acute viral hepatitis 急性病毒性肝炎
adaptation 适应
addiction 成瘾性
additional pressure 附加压强
adenine (A) 腺嘌呤
adenocarcinoma 腺癌
adenoma 腺瘤
adenosine 腺苷
adenovirus 腺病毒
adequate stimulus 适宜刺激
adhering junction 粘合连接
adhesion molecule 粘附分子
adipose tissue 脂肪组织
adjuvant 佐剂
adoptive immunity 过继免疫
adrenal gland 肾上腺
adrenergic drug 肾上腺素药
adrenergic receptor 肾上腺素受体
adrenergic 肾上腺能的
adrenoceptor blocking drug 肾上腺素受体阻断药
adrenoceptor 肾上腺受体
adrenocortical hormone 肾上腺皮质激素
adrenomimetic drug 拟肾上腺素药
adsorption 吸附
adult 成人, 成年人
aerobe 需氧菌
aerobic dehydrogenase 需氧脱氢酶
affinity maturation 亲和力成熟
affinity 亲和力
aflatoxin 黄曲霉毒素
after effect 后遗效应
afterload 后负荷
afterload 后负荷
afterpotential 后电位
agent 药剂
agglutination of erythrocyte 红细胞凝集
agglutinin 凝集素
agglutinogen 凝集原
aggregation 聚集,聚集态
aging 老化,老年
agonist 激动剂, 兴奋剂,主动肌
air embolism 空气栓塞
airborne transmission 空气传播
airway resistance 气道阻力
alanine 丙氨酸
albinism 白化病
albumin 白蛋白,清蛋白
aldosterone 醛固酮
all trans 全反构象
allantois 尿囊
allelic exclusion 位基因排斥
allergen 过敏原,变应原
allergy 变态反应
allopurinol 别嘌呤醇
allosteric effect 别构(位)效应
allosteric enzyme 变构酶,别位酶
allosteric regulation 别构调节
allotype 同种异型
alteration 变质
alterative inflammation 变质性炎症
alternation of generations 世代交替
alternative pathway 旁路途径, 替代途径
alveolar capillary membrane 肺泡-毛细血管膜
alveolar carcinoma 肺泡上皮癌
alveolar dead space 肺泡死腔,肺泡无效腔
alveolar duct 肺泡管
alveolar fluid 肺泡液体
alveolar sac 肺泡囊
alveolar septum 肺泡隔
alveoli 腺泡,肺泡
amantadine 金刚烷胺
amastigote 无鞭毛体
amebic dysentery 阿米巴痢疾
amine 胺
amino acid 氨基酸
aminoacyl site A位,氨酰基位
aminoacyl site A位,氨酰基位
aminoglycosides 氨基糖甙类
amitriptyline 阿密替林
amnion 羊膜
amniotic fluid 羊水
amoxicillin 羟氨苄青霉素(阿莫西林)
amphotericin B 二性霉素B
ampicillin 氨苄青霉素(阿比西林)
amplitude 振幅
amrinone 胺吡酮
amyloid degeneration 淀粉样变性
anabolism 同化作用,合成代谢
anaerobe 厌氧菌
anaesthetic ether 麻醉乙醚
anal canal 肛管
anal membrane 肛膜
analgesia 镇痛
analgesics 镇痛药
analyzer 检偏器
anaphylaxis 过敏反
anaplasia 间变
anatomic shunt 解剖短路
anatomical dead space 解剖无效腔或死腔
anatomy 解剖学
androgen 雄激素
anemic infarct 贫血性梗死
anergy 失能
aneuploid 非整倍体
angiology 脉管学
angiotensin converting 血管紧张素转换
angiotensin 血管紧张素
angular momentum 角动量
angular quantum number 角量子数
animal for research 实验用动物
animal model of human disease 人类疾病动物模型
anisodamine 山莨菪碱
anisotropy 各向异性
ankyrin 锚定蛋白
annulate lamellae 环孔板
anoxia 缺氧
antagonist 拮抗剂
anterior cerebral a. 大脑前动脉
anterior horn 前角
anterior limb bud 上肢芽
anterior limiting lamina 前界(膜)层
anterior neuropore 前神经孔
anterior poliomyelitis 脊髓前角灰质炎
anthrax 炭疽
antiadrenergic drug 抗肾上腺素
antianginal drug 抗心绞痛药
antianxiety 抗焦虑
antiasthmatic drug 抗喘药
antibiotics 抗生素
antibody 抗体
anticarcinoma drug 抗肿瘤药
anticholinergic drug 抗胆碱药
anticholinesterase drug 抗胆碱酯酶药
anticoagulant 抗凝血药
anticoagulation 抗凝
anticodon 反密码子
anticonvulsive drug 抗惊厥药
antidiabetic drug 抗糖尿病药
antidiarrheal agent 止泻药
antidiuresis 抗利尿
antiepileptic drug 抗癫痫药
antigen presentation 抗原呈递
antigen processing 抗原处理
antigen 抗原
antigenic drift 抗原漂移,抗原转变
antihypertensive drug 抗高血压药
antiinflammatory agent 抗炎药
antimalarial drug 抗疟药
antimanic drug 抗躁狂药
antituberculosis drug 抗结核药
anuria 无尿
anus 肛门
aorta 主动脉
aortic arch 主动脉,弓动脉
aortic body 主动脉体
apneustic breathing 长吸式呼吸
apoptosis 程序性细胞死亡,凋落,凋亡
appendicitis 阑尾炎
arachnoid 蛛网膜
arch of aorta 主动脉弓
archipallium 原脑皮层
arginine 精氨酸
argyrophil fiber 嗜银纤维
artemisinin 青蒿素
arterial hyperemia 动脉性充血
arterial pressure 动脉血压
arterial pulse 动脉脉?
arteriole 微动脉
arteriolosclerosis 细动脉硬化
arteriosclerotic heart disease 动脉硬化性心脏病
arteriovenous shunt 动静脉短路
artery 动脉
arthropod 节肢动物
articular capsule 关节囊
artificial respiration 人工呼吸
ascariasis 蛔虫病
ascaris lumbricoides 似蚓蛔线虫
ascorbic acid 抗坏血酸 (维生素C)
asepsis 无菌
asparagine 天冬酰胺
aspartic acid 天冬氨酸
aspirin 阿斯匹林
assembly 组装
associate neuron 联络神经元
aster 星体
astrocyte 星形胶质细胞
asymmetric transcription 不对称转录
asymmetry 不对称性
atenolol 阿替洛尔
atheroma 粥肿
atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化
atomic spectrum 原子光谱
atrial septal defect 房间隔缺损
atrial systole 心房收缩
atrioventricular bundle 房室束
atrioventricular bundle 房室束
atrioventricular node 房室结
atrium 心房
atrophic gastritis 萎缩性胃炎
atrophy 萎缩
atropine 阿托品
attenuated live vaccine 减毒活疫苗
attenuator 衰减子
atypia 异型性
audition 听力
auditory string 听弦
auditory threshold 听阈
auditory tube 咽鼓管
auricle 耳廓
auricle 耳廓
autoclaving 高压蒸汽灭菌法
autocrine 自分泌
autoimmunity 自身免疫
autoinfusion 自身输液
autolysosome 自生性溶酶体
automatic respiratory rhythm 自主呼吸节律
automaticity 自律性
autonomic nervous system 植物性神经系统,自主神经系
autonomic thermoregulation 自主性体温调节
autopsy 尸体解剖
autoradiography 放射自显影术
autoregulation 自身调节
autotransfusion 自身输血
axillary a. 腋动脉
axillary n. 腋神经
axolemma 轴膜
axon 轴索,轴突
axoplasm 轴浆,轴质
azotemia 氮质血症
bacillary dysentery 细菌性痢疾
bacteremia 菌血症
bacterial endocarditis 细菌性心内膜炎
bacterial pneumonia 细菌性肺炎
banding technique 分带技术
barbiturates 巴比妥类
baroreceptor reflex 压力感受性反射
barrier system 屏障系统
basal metabolism 基础代谢
basal nuclei 基底核
base pairing 碱基配对
base 碱基
basement membrane 基底膜,基膜
basement membrane 基底膜,基膜
basilic v. 贵要静脉
basis pharmacology 基础药理学
basophilia 嗜碱性
behavioral thermoregulation 行为性体温调节
benign tumor 良性肿瘤
benzodiazepines 苯二氮
biceps brachii m. 肱二头肌
bidirectional propagation 双向传导
biguanides 双胍类药物
bile canaliculi 胆小管
bile pigment 胆色素
binary fission 二分裂法
bioavailability 生物利用度
biochemical pharmacology 生化药理学
bioelectricity 生物电
biological dosimeter 生物剂量仪
biology 生物学
biomembrane 生物膜
biophysics 生物物理学
biopsy 活组织检查
bioscience 生命科学
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医疗技术正在飞速发展,有关医疗科技和医疗信息的交流也逐渐增加。医学英语成为医学专业学生的必修课程。下面小编为大家分享临床医学英语翻译,希望对大家有用。
F (①Fahrenheit scale ②fluorine) ①华氏温标 ②氟
f-12 氟利昂12,二氯二氟甲烷
fabric 编织物,织品
face 面部,脸
face cushion 面圈
face guide 面导,面标
face mask 面罩
faceometer 面直径测量器
face piece 面罩,面具
facer 刮刀,锉
face shield 护面罩
facial line 面线
felicities 设备,工具
facing 假牙面,牙面
facsimile ①影印本,摹写 ②仿真
factitial 人造的,人工的
factor 因素,要素,因子
faculty ①能力,官能 ②学院,专科
fadeometer 裉色计
faeces 粪便
Fahrenheit scale 华氏温标
Fahrenheit thermometer 华氏温度计
failure 衰竭
fair ①博览会,(商品)交易会 ②相当的,完好的
false image 虚像,假象
false suture 假缝
falsification 伪造,曲解
family 家族,家属,科(分类)
fan 扇,通风机
fan-shaped instruments table 扇形器械台
fantascope 幻视器
fantasy 幻想
Farabeuf's saw 法腊布夫氏锯,活动叶锯
farad 法拉(电容单位)
faradic brush 感应电流刷
faradic current therapy apparatus 静电治疗机
faradimeter 感应电流计
faradipuncture 感应电针术
faradization 感应电疗法
faradization apparatus 感应电疗机
far infrared 远红外线
far infrared laser 远红外激光器
farinometer 面粉谷胶测定器
far sight 远视
far ultraviolet rays 远紫外线
fascia ①筋膜 ②绷带
fasciagram 筋膜造影片
fascial grafter 筋膜移植器
fascial strip 筋膜带
fascial stripper 筋膜剥离器
fast chopper 快速斩波器,快速断路器
fast direct current amplifier 快直流放大器
fastener 持着器,固定器
fast film 快速胶片
fast neutron generator 快中子发生器
fast neutron source 快中子放射源
fast screen 短余辉荧光屏
fat 脂肪,脂
fat determination system 脂肪测量仪
fatal 致命的,致死的
fate 命运,结局
fatigue indicator 人体疲劳指标器
fatigue machine 疲劳试验机
FDA(Food and Drug Administration) 美国卫生附食品药品管理局
faucet ①水龙头,旋塞 ②插口
faucial catheter 咽导管
fax 传真,摹写,电视画面
faxcasting 电视广播,传真广播
faxNO. 传真器
F.D.(1.fluorescent densitometer 2.focal distance) ①荧光密度计 ②焦距
Fe(ferrum) 铁
feature ①特点,性能 ②零件,部件
February(abbr. Feb.) 二月
fecal vase 粪便瓶
feceometer 排粪测量器
feces 粪便,渣滓
FECG (fetal electrocardiogram) 胎儿心电图
federal 联邦的,同盟的
fee 手续费,费用,税
feed ①喂,馈给 ②进刀
feed-back 反馈,回授
feed-back amplifier 反馈放大器
feeder 喂食器
feed pump 供水泵
feed roller 进料滚
FEEG(fetal electroencephalogram) 胎儿脑电图
feeler ①探针,探测器 ②触角 ③厚薄规
feeler gauge 千分垫
fel 胆汁
Felcki's instrument 费累基氏器(前列腺按摩器)
felt 毛毡,毡垫圈
female ①女性的 ②内孔的,有螺纹的 ③凹陷部分
female catheter 女用导尿管
female die 阴模
female irrigating catheter 妇用冲洗导尿管
female metal catheter 女用金属导尿管
female screw 螺母,螺帽
female thread 阴螺纹,内螺纹
female union 管子内接头
female urethradilator 女性尿道扩张器
female urine bag 女用尿袋
femoral catheter 股骨导管
femoral myelocavity file 股骨髓腔锉
female urine bag 女用尿袋
femoral catheter 股骨导管
femoral myelocavity file 股骨髓腔锉
femur 股骨,股
femur driver 股骨头打入器
femur extractor 股骨头拔出器
fenestrated forceps 孔镊,孔钳
fenestrated forceps blade 有孔钳页
FEP(fluorinated ethylene propylene) 聚四氟乙稀,特氟隆
ferment 酶,酵素
fermentation saccharimeter 发酵糖定量器
fermentation saccharometer 发酵糖定量器
fermentation tube 发酵管
fermentor 发酵罐
fermium(abbr. Fm) 镄
ferro- 低铁化合物,亚铁化合物
ferrohemoglobin 血红蛋白
ferromagnetic 磁性铁的
ferrometer ①血铁测定器 ②铁磁计
ferrule 金属加固环
fertility 生育力
FES(forced dxpiratory spirogram) 用力呼气呼吸图
fetal 胎儿的
fetal electrocardiogram(abbr. FE-CG) 胎儿心电图
fetal electrocardiograph(abbr.FE-CG) 胎儿心电图机
fetal head extractor 胎头取出器
fetal heart beat detector 胎儿心搏探测器
fetal heart beat transducer 胎儿心搏换能器
fetal heart detector 胎儿心脏探测器
fetal heart monitor 胎儿心脏监护仪
fetal monitor 胎儿监护仪
fetal monitoring system 胎儿监护系统
fetal monitoring transducer 胎儿监护换能器
fetalometry 胎儿测定法
fetation 妊娠,受孕
fetography 胎儿X 射线照像术
fetoscope 胎儿镜
fetus 胎儿
fetus detector 胎儿探测器
fetus extractor 胎儿取出器
fever 发热,热
fever thermometer 体温计
FGS(fiber gastroscope) 纤维胃镜
FHR(fetal heart rate) 胎儿心率
fiber 纤维
fiberbronchoscope 支气管纤维内窥镜
fibercholedochoscope 胆道纤维内窥镜
fibercolonoscope 结肠纤维镜
fibercystoscope 膀胱纤维镜
fiberduodenoscope 十二指肠纤维镜
fiberesophagoscope 食管纤维镜
fibergastrointestinalscope 胃肠纤维内窥镜
fibergastroscope 胃纤维内窥镜
fiberintestinalscope 肠纤维内窥镜
fiber lamp 纤维导光灯
fiber light cystoscope 纤维导光膀胱镜
fiber light guide 纤维光导
fiber light ophthalmoscope 纤维导光检眼镜
fiber-optic bronchoscope 纤维光束支气管镜
fiber-optic cystoscope 纤维光束膀胱镜
fiber-optic dual-purpose gastrascope 纤维光束两用胃镜
fiber-optic duodenoscope 纤维光束十二指肠镜
fiber-optic endoscope 纤维光束内窥镜
fiber-optic esophagoscope 纤维光束食管镜
fiber-optic examining cystoscope 纤维光束检查用膀胱镜
fiber-optic gastroscope 纤维光束胃镜
fiber-optic photographing cystoscope 纤维光束摄影膀胱镜
fiber-optic photographing laparoscope 纤维光束摄影腹腔镜
fiber-optic resectoscope 纤维光束前列腺切除器
fiber-optics 纤维光学
fiber pipe 纤维管
fiberscope 纤维(内窥)镜
fiberscope disinfector 纤维内窥镜消毒器
fiberscope with light guide 光导纤维镜
fibre 纤维
fibre board 纤维板
fibre glass 玻璃纤维
fibre laser 纤维激光器
fibre optic endoscope 纤维光束内窥镜
fibre optics 纤维光学
fibrescope 纤维镜
fibrin 纤维蛋白
fibrinoscopy 纤维素检诊法
fibrin sponge 纤维蛋白海绵
fibrintimer 凝血时间测定仪(商器名)
fidelity 保真度,精确度
field 场,野外
field ambulance 战地救护车
field emission 场致发射
field emission scanning electron microscope 场发射扫描电子显微镜
field glasses 野外用双筒望远镜
field intensity indicator 场强仪
field ion microscope(abbr.FIM) 场致离子显微镜
field lens 场透镜
field-master 视野描绘器
field potential 场位
field scanning 场扫描
field tourniquet 野战止血带
figure (abbr. fig.) 图形,图像,数字
filament 灯丝,丝极
filamentous patch fabric 丝状心脏修补织品
fialar micrometer 螺旋测微计
file ①锉 ②文件夹
filiform bougie 丝状探条
filigree 银丝网
filing block 锉台
filler ①充填器 ②填料
filling 灌注,充填
filling apparatus 灌注器,充填器
filling tooth material 补牙材料
film 胶片,软片
film badge 胶片剂量仪
film bin X 射线胶片储藏箱
film carrier 暗盒
film cartridge 放软片暗盒
film clip 片夹
film corner cutter 胶片切角器
film cutter 裁片刀
film dryer 胶片干燥箱
film drying cabinet 胶片干燥柜
film hangers 片夹,挂片架
film illuminator 胶片映光器,胶片观察灯
film marker X 射线片标记字母
film of low speed 慢速软片
film of moderate speed 中速软片
film processing machine 胶片洗片机
film processor X 射线胶片洗片机
film roll 胶卷
film speed 胶卷感光速度
film speed indicator 胶片感光度指示圈
film viewer 观片灯
film viewing illuminator 观片灯
film winding lever 卷片扳手
filter ①滤器,滤片 ②滤色镜 ③滤波器
filter aid 助滤器
filter apparatus 过滤器
filter bag 滤袋
filter bottle 滤瓶
filter box 滤箱
filter cake 滤饼
filter candle 滤柱,滤棒
filter capacitor 滤波电容器
filter changer 滤色镜转换器
filter disc 滤片
filter flask 滤瓶
filter funnel 过滤漏斗
filtering flask 过滤瓶
filter lens 滤光镜
filter membrane 过滤膜,膜滤器
filter pad 滤垫
filter paper 滤纸
filter plate 滤板
filter press 压滤机,压滤器
filter pump 过滤泵
filter selector 滤波选择器
filter sterilizer 过滤消毒器
filter tank 过滤槽
filter tube 过滤管
filtrable 可滤过的
filtrate 滤液
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临床医学是研究疾病的病因、诊断、治疗和预后,提高临床治疗水平,促进人体健康的科学。是直接面对疾病、病人,对病人直接实施治疗的科学。那么你知道临床医学用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。
临床医学概论 Introduction to Clinical Medicine
临床医学影像 Images in Clinical Medicine
临床医学检验 clinical laboratory techniques
临床医学专家 Specialists in clinical medicine
临床医学专业学位 degree of clinical medicine
临床医学类期刊 Nature Clinical Practice Journals
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英语写作对于提高我们的英语能力十分重要,那么你想知道a picnic这篇的英语作文要怎么写吗?下面读文网小编为大家带来a picnic英语作文范文,欢迎大家学习!
It was a sunny day.We decided to have a picnic outside the city.In the morning,we took an early bus to Nanhui.It was quite a colorful world.There were green trees,orange leaves,red peach blossoms.At noon,we reached the place,we sat by the river bank and took out a lot of things,such as bread,orange juice,apples,cakes,eggs and so on.But all of a sudden,it began to rain.Unluckily there was no shelter nearby.We had to take a bus to go back home in a hurry.
What an unforgettable picnic it was!
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饮食健康很重要,那么以a healthy diet为题的英语作文到底要怎么写呢?下面读文网小编为大家整理a healthy diet英语作文篇篇范文,希望对你有所帮助!
Last night, I ate a lot of food, such as KTC and ice cream, before I slept, I ate some cold food in the fridge. At midnight, I felt my stomach hurt badly, my family was woke up, they sent me to the hospital. After seeing the doctor, he told me that I had eaten too much food, what’s more, the food was not healthy, so it hurt my stomach. Since then, I realized that I should not eat the rubbish food often, I should keep the healthy diet. Now my diet is regular, I won’t take in much food before sleeping, my body is becoming healthy. In the morning, I eat an egg and make sure I take in enough vitamins. Even when I see the rubbish food is tempting, I take no hesitation to say no to them. I am so proud of myself.
昨晚,我吃了很多事物,比如肯德基和冰淇淋,在睡觉前,我吃了一些在冰箱里面的冷食物。半夜里,我觉得胃疼得厉害,我的家人被吵醒了,他们把我送到了医院。看过了医生以后,医生告诉我吃了太多的东西,而且,吃的都是不健康的食物,因此我的胃才会那么疼。打从那时起,我意识到自己不能经常吃垃圾食品,我应该保持健康的饮食。现在我的饮食很健康,我不会在睡觉前吃很多东西,我的身体变得健康。早上,我吃了一个鸡蛋,确保我吸收足够的营养。即使当我看到很诱惑的垃圾食品时,我也毫不犹豫地说不。我为自己感到自豪。
#p#副标题#e#
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如今人工智能影响着我们生活的方方面面,知道以人工智能影响生活为题的英语作文要怎么写吗?下面读文网小编为大家整理人工智能影响生活英语作文,希望对你有所帮助!
How artificial intelligence changes our life
Artificial intelligence is developing quicker than before. I believe one day, artificial intelligence will be one of the most important concepts likes mobile, car and house. The artificial intelligence may change our life.Firstly, may be we need't do housework any more. The robot can wash the dishes, clean the floor and even help us make the bed. Secondly, the artificial intelligence could be a search website like google, baidu. When we have any trouble, just ask it the question and it will give you the suitable answer. Thirdly, we will not come to school only stay at home to learn from the robot. Fourly, the artificial intelligence will be used as the war, which makes the world become more dangerous than before and this is the outcoming as well. Finally, I guess may be the artificial intelligence can make love with human and help them deliver child.I think the era of artificial intelligence will come sooner and later.
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2023年成人高考专升本英语真题及答案(详解)
成人高考,作为一项国家级的大型考试,承载着无数考生的梦想和期望。经过一上午努力奋斗,2023年10月份成人高考英语科目已经考完,下面小编为大家整理了2023年成人高考专升本英语真题及答案,这些都是由考生回忆整理的,仅供参考!
成人高考英语是必考科目,相对四级英语来说,成考英语的难度要低一些,介于三级到四级之间。很多成考生都没有长期的学习英语,所以刚开始学习难度可能会比较大,但是不用担心,只要坚持学习一段时间,慢慢的我们的学习能力就会加强的。
学习英语尽量开口说,就算记生词也是。把握正确念法,才能帮助记住一个单词。多找文章大声朗诵。成考英语学习没有捷径,学会学习,才能更好地提高复习效率。成人高考属于成人教育的一种,考生几乎都是在职人士,国家自然会有所考量,作为国家选拔人才的一种方式,成人高考采用宽进严出的方式,考试难度并不大。
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人教PEP版三年级上册英语电子课本教材(完整版)
人教版PEP版的教材设计更加科学,提倡“以话为主,以书为辅”的教学理念,更侧重实践,让学生在实践中学习,而人教版则更侧重说说,让学生在许多练习中掌握英语的基本知识和技能。以下是小编为大家收集的关于人教PEP版三年级上册英语电子课本教材的相关内容,供大家参考!
问候和自我介绍:在第一部分,学生学习如何用英语问候和进行自我介绍,包括基本的问候语、介绍自己和问候他人的常见语句。
数字和颜色:在这个单元,学生们学会用英语数数和描述颜色,课程包括数数1到100,如何描述颜色以及练习颜色相关的游戏和绘画活动。
家庭和朋友:在这个单元中,学生们学习介绍自己的家庭成员和朋友。
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人教PEP版小学3年级英语上册(电子课本)
人教版PEP版的教材设计更加科学,提倡“以话为主,以书为辅”的教学理念,更侧重实践,让学生在实践中学习,而人教版则更侧重说说,让学生在许多练习中掌握英语的基本知识和技能。以下是小编为大家收集的关于人教PEP版小学3年级英语上册的相关内容,供大家参考!
(1) 祈使句有两种类型,一种是以动词原形开头,在动词原形之前加do (但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。
Take this seat.
Do be careful.
否定结构:
Don't move.
Don't be late.
(2) 第二种祈使句以let开头。
Let 的反意疑问句
a、 Let's 包括说话者
Let's have another try,shall we / shan't we?
= Shall we have another try?
b、Let us 不包括说话者
Let us have another try,will you / won't you?
= Will you please let us have another try?
否定结构:
Let's not talk of that matter.
Let us not talk of that matter.
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义务教育教科书北师大版英语(三年级起点)三年级上册高清
义务教育教科书·英语(三年级起点)三年级上册是人民教育出版社出版的,为了帮助 大家更好的学习。以下是小编为大家收集的关于义务教育教科书北师大版英语(三年级起点)三年级上册的相关内容,供大家参考!
北师大版义务教育教科书·数学·一年级·下册
北师大版义务教育教科书·数学·二年级·下册
北师大版义务教育教科书·数学·三年级·上册
北师大版义务教育教科书·数学·四年级·上册
北师大版义务教育教科书·数学·五年级·上册
北师大版义务教育教科书·数学·六年级·上册
北师大版义务教育教科书·语文·一年级·上册
北师大版义务教育教科书·语文·二年级·上册
北师大版义务教育教科书·语文·三年级·上册
北师大版义务教育教科书·语文·四年级·上册
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考研英语2024备考复习技巧
考研英语分为英语一,英语二。考研英语一和英语二的题型都有英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作。以下是小编为大家收集的关于考研英语2024备考复习技巧的相关内容,供大家参考!
1、考研英语二的总考试时长是180分钟。
2、第一部分的20个选择题,可以安排20分钟。
3、第二部分的A节安排75分钟,B节安排25分钟。预计总时长是100分钟。
4、第三部分的英译汉,安排20分钟。
5、第四部分的Part A安排15分钟,Part B安排25分钟。预计总时长是40分钟。
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硕士研究生考研英语完型填空题及答案(2024)
为了让考研的同学更高效地复习考研英语,小编考研频道已经整理出了2024年考研英语完型填空试题和答案。如果你正在准备考研,不妨了解一下这些资料,希望它们能对你的备考有所帮助。
考研的考场分配根据考生的所在地以及报考学校等进行安排,在职人员考研时,考场一般都会分配在户籍所在地或工作单位所在地。
考研报考同一学校的考生理论上是分配在一个考点,甚至是同一考场的。考研报考同一学校的相同专业和不同专业是一起考试的。因为考研的考点、考场分配是实行统一管理,采取统一分配的原则,便于管理。
考研考场还有另外的分配方法,是划分考研的考场、考点时先按照各省、各市进行统一划分,然后是按照学校进行划分,再次是按照专业进行划分。
总之就是考研考场怎么分配对于考生的影响不大,考生只需要按照准考证所指示的前往指定考点进行考试即可,并且携带相关证件。
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