为您找到与中文翻译成英文怎么学相关的共34个结果:
lift既能做名词也能做动词,那么你知道lift做名词和动词分别都是什么意思吗?下面读文网小编为大家带来lift的英语意思解释和英语例句,欢迎大家一起学习!
1. I gave her a lift back out to her house.
我让她搭我的便车回家。
2. The lift started off, juddered, and went out of action.
电梯开动了,接着剧烈震颤起来,然后就毫无反应了。
3. A bit of exercise will help lift his spirits.
进行一点儿体育锻炼能帮助他改善情绪。
4. Can you just lift the table for a second?
你把桌子抬起来一下好吗?
5. He led the way to the lift. Fox played along, following him.
他朝电梯走去,福克斯只得紧随其后。
6. The rocket tumbled out of control shortly after lift-off.
发射后不久,火箭就失控坠落了。
7. Her apartment was underneath a bar, called "The Lift".
她的公寓在一个叫“醒神”的酒吧下面。
8. My selection for the team has given me a tremendous lift.
入选该队给了我极大的鼓舞。
9. A barrage would halt the flow upstream and lift the water level.
一道拦河坝将会在上游拦住水流,抬升水位。
10. Striking lorry drivers agreed to lift their blockades of main roads.
罢工的卡车司机们同意解除对主干道的封堵。
11. They will not lift a finger to help their country.
他们不愿为自己的国家出一点儿力。
12. We got into the lift and sailed to the top floor.
我们进了电梯,很快到了顶层。
13. Birds use thermals to lift them through the air.
鸟类利用上升热气流升入空中。
14. He had a car and often gave me a lift home.
他有车,经常让我搭他的车回家。
15. He drags his leg, and he can hardly lift his arm.
他拖着腿,几乎举不起他的胳膊。
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beat表达的意思有很多种,那么你知道beat做动词,名词和形容词分别都有哪些意思吗?下面读文网小编为大家带来beat的英语意思解释和英语例句,供大家阅读学习!
conquer,overcome,overthrow,defeat,beat,subdue
这些动词均含“征服,战胜”之意。 conquer侧重战胜和控制。书面用词。 overcome多指战胜或克服非物质的东西,如困难和不良习惯等。语气较弱也可指在斗争或竞争中战胜或压倒对方。 overthrow指彻底击败对手,使其丧失力量和地位。 defeat普通用词,多指在战争、比赛、竞选或辩论中战胜对手,侧重胜利的暂时性。 beat口笔语均可用,可与defeat换用。 subdue正式用词,与conquer同义,但强调失败后的臣服状态;也可用作借喻,表克制、压抑感情、欲望等。
beat,strike,hit,thrash,whip
这些动词均含有“打”之意。 beat普通用词,含义广泛,指连续打击。游戏、竞赛或战争中作打败解。 strike普通用词,多指急速或突然一次猛击。 hit普通用词,常与strike换用,侧重有目标的猛击,强调用力击中。 thrash侧重指用棍子或鞭子等痛打。 whip多指用鞭子抽打。
相关短语
beat a retreat
鸣金收兵,打退堂鼓,撤退,放弃
beat about
v.四处闲逛,四处搜寻[航海]迎风斜驶
beat around the bush
拐弯抹角,说话兜圈子,旁敲侧击
beat down
v.打倒,杀价,镇压,使沮丧
beat out
敲出,锤薄;胜过,压倒;使精疲力尽
beat up
1.痛打 2.搅拌 beat-up a. 1.用坏了的
beat back
击退
beat generation
n. 美国二战后出生的,服饰奇特,行为乖僻的一代
beat in
打进
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fly这个单词相信大家都很熟悉,我们都知道它有飞的意思,那么你知道fly的其他意思吗?fly在英语中应怎么使用呢?下面是小编给大家带来的fly是什么意思_关于fly的中文翻译,以供大家参考,我们一起来看看吧!
▼fly是什么意思
●名词:苍蝇;(作钓饵的)苍蝇
●动词:飞;飞行;(旗)飘荡;过得快
●英语音标:
英 [flai] 美 [flai]
●时态:
现在分词: flying 过去式: flew 过去分词: flown
▼fly的词汇辨析
escape,flee,fly,get away,run away
这些动物或短语动词都有“逃跑、逃脱”之意。
escape 侧重逃跑的结果,不强调逃跑时的匆忙或危险情况。
flee 书面用词,侧重指逃跑时动作匆忙,多含惧怕之意。
fly 含义与flee相同,但系非正式用词。
get away 口语用语。侧重指犯罪分子从现场逃跑或被捕时逃走。
run away 口语用语,强调动作迅速。
▼fly的短语搭配
on the fly
赶紧地, 匆忙中;飞行中, 未落地时;进行中, 程序运行期间, 不中断程序运行
go flying
跌倒, (尤指)绊了一跤;去飞
a fly on the wall
不为人觉察的观察者
fly off the handle
大发雷霆
fly the coop
逃走
fly the nest
羽翼已丰可离巢
fruit fly
实蝇;果蝇
fly a kite
试探舆论;开融通票据筹集资金
sparks fly
激烈争吵
pigs might fly
无稽之谈
pop fly
见POP
Spanish fly
西班牙绿芫菁;斑蝥;斑蝥,芫菁(用此类昆虫干制成的毒剂)。亦称CANTHARIDES
flesh fly
麻蝇;肉蝇
fly ash
飞灰;烟灰;粉煤灰
fly at
攻击;追逐并扑向;习惯性追逐
fly high
非常成功;繁荣昌盛
let fly
对…进行(身体或语言)攻击
fly in the face of
悍然不顾;公然违抗
fly ball
腾空球;高飞球
fly on the wall
未被察觉的观察者;实地拍摄
▼fly的英语例句
1. His inspiration to fly came even before he joined the Army.
他想开飞机的念头在参军之前就有了。
2. Then the woodcutter let his axe fly— Thwack! Everyone heard it.
然后那个伐木工脱手甩出了斧头。哐!每个人都听见了。
3. It was all pretty much done on the fly.
那几乎都是匆忙之中完成的。
4. Steve Crabb can fly the flag with distinction for Britain in Barcelona.
史蒂夫·克拉布在巴塞罗那可以旗帜鲜明地支持英国。
5. You can fly direct to Amsterdam from most British airports.
从英国的大多数机场都可以直飞阿姆斯特丹。
6. He won himself two first-class tickets to fly to Dublin.
他为自己赢得了两张飞往都柏林的头等舱机票。
7. She swiped at Rusty as though he was a fly.
她打拉斯蒂就像在打一只苍蝇。
8. Losing a game would cause him to fly into a rage.
输掉一场比赛会让他暴跳如雷。
9. Helicopters fly in appalling weather to succour shipwrecked mariners.
直升机在恶劣的天气条件下起飞前去援救遇难的船员。
10. There was dead silence but for a fly beating against the glass.
当时一片寂静,只听见一只苍蝇不停地撞击着玻璃。
11. I'll fly it to London in the morning.
我明天上午会把它用航空快件寄到伦敦。
12. Ray wouldn't hurt a fly.
雷心肠很软。
13. Magda was going to fly standby.
马格达将购买起飞前的廉价剩余机票旅行。
14. I'll have to fly.
我得赶紧走了。
15. I must fly or I'll miss my plane.
我必须赶快走了否则就会误机。
fly的意思相关
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看到lay这个单词也许大家首先想到的意思就是放置,其实它的意思还有很多,接下来读文网小编为大家带来lay的英语意思解释和英语例句,欢迎大家一起学习!
1. On Sunday Cohen lay around the house all day.
科恩星期天一整天都在家无所事事。
2. Under the newspaper, atop a sheet of paper, lay an envelope.
在报纸下面的一张纸上放着一个信封。
3. Bob slid from his chair and lay prone on the floor.
鲍勃从椅子上滑下来,趴在了地板上。
4. Sailing boats lay at anchor in the narrow waterway.
帆船停泊在狭窄的水道上。
5. He lay beside her awkwardly, propped on an elbow.
他用一只胳膊肘支着身体,别扭地躺在她旁边。
6. A bra and a pair of briefs lay on the floor.
地板上有一个胸罩和一条短内裤。
7. Somewhere deep beneath the surface lay a caring character.
在内心深处的某个角落里埋藏着一颗爱心。
8. She lay at the bottom of the stairs, whimpering in pain.
她躺在楼梯底部,痛得呜咽着。
9. I lay the painting flat to stop the wet paint running.
我把油画平放以防止未干的颜料流动。
10. Edwards is a Methodist lay preacher and social worker.
爱德华是一位循道宗在俗传教士兼社会工作者。
11. I wouldn't lay bets on his still remaining manager after the spring.
我看他的这个经理当不到春天之后了。
12. This allowed Ms. Kelley to lay aside money to start her business.
这样凯利女士就可以把钱存起来创业。
13. They began to lay in extensive stores of food supplies.
他们开始储备大量食物。
14. Freezing weather in spring hampered the hens' ability to lay.
春天严寒的天气降低了母鸡的产蛋能力。
15. Two judges and six lay assessors sentenced White to life in prison.
两名法官和六名大众陪审推事判决怀特终身监禁。
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房车,又称“车轮上的家”,是一种可移动、具有居家必备的基本设施的车种。今天读文网小编为大家带来房车的英语说法,希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
1. He was on a caravanning holiday.
他驾房车外出游玩去了。
2. Five couples were marooned in their caravans when the River Avon broke its banks.
埃文河决堤的时候,有5对夫妇被困在了他们的房车里。
3. We purchased a used caravan for a trip across the country.
我们为走遍全国之旅购买了一辆二手房车.
4. The roadside has family of mark the obvious world saloon car.
路边有明显的天下房车之家标记.
5. Nascar Winston Cup Championship.
纳斯卡云顿杯房车锦标赛.
6. You can donate cars, trucks, RVs , old motor homes, and other types of vehicles.
你可以捐赠汽车, 卡车, 房车, 旧的房车和其他类型的车辆.
7. Would you ask a builder who lives in an RV to build your mansion?
是否会请一个自己住在房车里的搞建筑的帮你盖楼?
8. Whatever the reason, it's a good thing for a subcompact to feel bigger.
无论如何, 一辆小型房车觉得比较大似乎是一件好事.
9. Cab driver : For twenty dollars I'll take you to a Ku Klux Klan cookout!
占士邦: 那麽若你跟著那架房车后面的话,我会给你多二十元.
10. If you drive it out of town, I would suggest a luxury sedan.
如果你驾车出城, 我建议你租一部房车.
11. Back at the campsite, Britton collected his family and stayed in the RV for the night.
回到营地后, 布里顿集合了他的家人,一整晚都待在旅行房车里.
12. Soooo many people are here for camping, you can see this from soon many vans.
夏天的时候很多人来这里度假露营.从这么多的房车就可见一般.
13. In 2007, they found this wooden property , with the trailer and cabin , for $ 46 , 000 .
2007年, 他们发现了一片森林, 加上房车和小房子总共才要 46000 美元.
14. Belinda : Sounds good, but that's a totally different car. It's a 3 sedan.
贝琳达: 听起来不错, 但那完全是不同的车. 它是房车.
15. Owners of holiday caravans will not normally have to pay a standard community charge.
假日房车车主通常不得不支付一笔基本社区费用.
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《LOSER》是由Bigbang所唱的,想必大家有见过它的音译歌词以及中文的翻译吧。以下是读文网小编给大家带来loser的音译歌词附中文参考翻译,以供参阅。
loser 孑然一身
装了不起的胆小鬼
不上道的小叫花 镜子中的你
just a loser 孑然一身
只是满身伤痕的草包
肮脏卑鄙的垃圾
镜子中的我 i‘m a loser
老实说这世界与我并无丝毫相衬
爱情此类事物对于曾孤身一人的我 早就
淡忘了 在那漫长的时间里
再也无法听下去了
满是希望的爱歌
不管是你是我都只是就此驯服
在剧本中流连放荡的小丑
我就此大老远来到
i’m coming home
如今再次回去
年少时那个位置
从什么时候起我 yeah
比起仰望天空更多是低头看地
就连呼吸都那么艰难
不管是谁只要伸出手
却并没有人抓住我 i‘m a
loser 孑然一身
装了不起的胆小鬼
不上道的小叫花 镜子中的你
just a loser 孑然一身
只是满身伤痕的草包
肮脏卑鄙的垃圾
镜子中的我 i’m a loser
不断重复我和女人之间的失误
只爱过一晚 只要太阳升起便厌恶
无法承担责任
我这自私的喜悦
只因一次弥补一切便就此
完蛋的如今
我不知道停歇危险的疾走
如今不管是何种兴趣
都激发不起趣味的心情
我独自站在悬崖边上
i‘m going home
我要再次回去
过去原来的位置
从何时起 我 yeah
只会对人们的视线感到畏惧
就连哭泣也厌烦
就算看起来在笑 却没有人
能够来了解我 i’m a
loser 孑然一身
装了不起的胆小鬼
不上道的小叫花 镜子中的你
just a loser 孑然一身
只是满身伤痕的草包
肮脏卑鄙的垃圾镜子中的我
埋怨那湛蓝天空的我
偶尔也想要放下
i want to say good bye
若是这条路尽头就是彷徨的终结
一定不会后悔
只愿双眼得以睁开
loser 孑然一身
装了不起的胆小鬼
不上道的小叫花 镜子中的你
just a loser 孑然一身
只是满身伤痕的草包
肮脏卑鄙的垃圾
镜子中的我
看过loser的音译歌词附中文参考翻译
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英国文学源远流长,经历了长期、复杂的发展演变过程。在这个过程中,文学本体以外的各种现实的、历史的、政治的、文化的力量对文学发生着影响。那么你知道英国文学用英语怎么说吗?接下来跟着读文网小编来学习一下吧。
英国文学作品选读 Selected Readings of British Literature
英国文学选读 selected readings in british literature
英国文学讲座 Lecture on English Lite
英国文学及写作 English Literature and Composition
中古时期英国文学 Old and Medieval British Literature
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我们学习过那么多的英语单词了,现在你能够说出几个由5歌字母组成的单词呢?以下是读文网小编给大家带来由5个字母组成的英语单词,以供参阅。
1. cross n. 十字形,十字架 a. 交叉的,横穿的;易怒的,发怒的 v. 越过,穿过;(使)交叉,(使)相交
2. crowd n. 人群;一群,一伙 v. 聚集,群集;挤满,拥挤
3. crown n. 王冠,冕;君权,君王 v. 为……加冕
4. crude a. 天然的,未加工的;生的,未熟的;粗鲁的,粗野的
5. cruel a. 残忍的,残酷的
6. crush n./v. 压碎,压坏 v. 压服,压垮
7. crust n. 外皮,壳;地壳
8. curse v./n. 诅咒,咒骂
9. curve n. 曲线,弯曲(物) v. 弄弯,成曲形
10. cycle n. 自行车;周期,循环 v. 骑自行车;循环
11. daily a. 每日的 ad. 每日,天天 n. 日报
12. dance v. 跳舞,舞会
13. datum n.数据,资料
14. death n. 死亡;灭亡,毁灭
15. eight num. 八,八个
16. dairy n. 牛奶场,奶店
17. enjoy v. 欣赏,喜爱;享受……乐趣
18. erupt v.(尤指火山)爆发
19. erase v. 擦掉;删去
20. draft n. 草稿,草案,草图 v. 起草,草拟
21. elbow n. 肘,弯头 v. 用肘挤
22. depth n. 深度,深奥,深刻
23. dozen n. 一打,十二个
24. exile n.放逐,流放,流犯,被放逐者 vt.放逐,流放
25. decay v./n. 腐朽,腐烂;衰减,衰退
26. extra a. 额外的,附加的 n. 附加物,额外的东西
27. ditch n. 沟,渠,水沟
28. drain n. 排水沟,阴沟;消耗,负担 v. 排去,放干
29. evoke vt.唤起,引起,博得
30. enter v. 走进,参加,加入
31. exert v. 尽(力),施加(压力等)
32. elite n. [总称]上层人士,掌权人物,实力集团;出类拔萃的人(集团),精英
33. endow v.捐赠,赋予
34. enemy n. 敌人,敌军
35. empty a. 空的;空洞的 v. 倒空,使成为空的
36. dread v./n. 恐惧,担心
37. dream n./v. 梦,梦想,幻想
38. drunk a. 酒醉的
39. dense a. 浓厚的,密集的,稠密的
40. drift v./n. 漂,漂流
41. equip v.(with)装备,配备
42. eager a.(for)渴望的,热切的
43. expel v. 把……开除;驱逐;排出
44. exact a. 确切地,正确地,恰好
45. devil n. 魔鬼
46. dwarf n.矮子,侏儒 v.(使)变矮小
47. elder a. 年长的,资格老的 n. 长辈
48. eject v. 喷射,排出;驱逐
49. epoch n. 时期,时代
50. drink v. 饮,喝,饮酒 n. 饮料
51. drown v. 溺死,淹没
52. evade vt.逃避,回避;避开,躲避
53. earth n. 地球;土,泥;陆地;地上
54. elect v. 选举,推选;选择,作出选择
55. dress n. 服装,童装,女装 v. 穿衣,打扮
56. doubt n./v. 怀疑,疑惑
57. eagle n.鹰
58. dizzy a. 头晕目眩的,眩晕的;(可能)使人头晕的,极高的
59. dirty a. 弄脏的;下流的 v. 弄脏,玷污
60. erect v. 树立,建立,使竖立 a. 直立的,垂直的
61. delay v./n. 耽搁,延迟
62. diary n. 日记,日记簿
63. drama n. 剧本,戏剧;戏剧性事件或场面
64. drill v./n. 练习,操练;钻孔
65. drive v. 开(车),驾驶;驱,赶;驱动,把(钉;桩)打入 n. 驾驶,驱车旅行
66. dwell v. 住,居留
67. early a. 早的,早期的,及早的 ad. 早,在初期
68. embed vt.使插入,使嵌入,深留,嵌入
69. entry n. 进入,入口;通道;记载,条目
70. equal a.(to)相等的;(to)胜任的 n.(地位)相等的人,对等的事物 v. 等于
71. error n. 错误,过失
72. essay n. 文章,短文
73. event n. 事件,事情
74. every a. 每一的,每个的;一切的,所有的
75. excel vi.胜过其他;擅长 vt.胜过,优于
76. exist v. 存在;生活
77. fable n. 寓言
78. faint a. 微弱的,不明显的 v. 昏过去
79. fairy a.幻想中的;虚构的;优雅的 n.仙女;精灵
80. faith n. 信任,信用;信仰,信条
81. fancy n. 爱好,喜爱,迷恋 v. 想象,幻想 a. 花式的,奇特的,异样的
82. fatal a. 致命的,毁灭性的
83. fault n. 过失,过错;缺点,毛病
84. favor n.(favour)好感;喜爱;关切v.赞成,支持,偏爱
85. feast n. 节日;宴会 vt. 盛宴,款待,享乐,请客 vi. 参加宴会,享受
86. fence n. 篱笆,围栏 n./v. 击剑
87. ferry n. 渡船 v. 渡运(人、车或物等)
88. fetch v. 取来,接来
89. fever n. 发热,狂热
90. fiber n.(fibre)纤维;构造;纤维制品
91. field n. 田,田野;运动场;领域,方面;(电、磁等)场
92. fifty num. 五十,五十个
93. fight v./n. 打(仗),搏斗,斗争,战斗
94. final a. 最终的,决定性的
95. first num. 第一 a. 第一的,最先的 ad. 首先,最初
96. flame n. 火焰,火苗;热情;光辉 v. 发火焰,燃烧
97. flare v./n. 闪耀,闪烁
98. flash n. 闪光 v. 发闪光,闪亮;闪现
99. fleet n. 舰队,船队
100. flesh n. 肉,肌肉
过由5个字母组成的英语单词
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“哪里有人,哪里就有笑声。”从古到今,笑话是人们生活中不可缺少的“调剂品”。笑话使人们在刻板的生活中感到一丝快意和放松,在人们的日常生活中起着重要调剂作用。下面读文网小编为大家带来英文幽默笑话中文翻译,欢迎大家阅读!
The little boy did not like the look of the barking dog.
"It's all right," said a gentleman, "don't be afraid. Don't you know the proverb:
Barking dogs don't bite?"
"Ah, yes," answered the little boy. "I know the proverb, but does the dog know the
proverb, too?"
一个小男孩非常不喜欢狗狂叫的样子。
“没有关系,”一位先生说,“不用害怕,你知道这条谚语吗:‘吠狗不咬人。’”
“啊,我是知道,可是狗也知道吗?”
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文学包括诗歌、散文、小说、剧本、寓言童话等,是文化的重要表现形式,那么你知道文学用英语怎么说吗?下面跟读文网小编一起学习一下关于文学的英语知识吧。
晋太元中,武陵人捕鱼为业,缘溪行,忘路之远近。忽逢桃花林,夹岸数百步,中无杂树,芳草鲜美,落英缤纷;渔人甚异之。复前行,欲穷其林。林尽水源,便得一山。山有小口,仿佛若有光,便舍船,从口入。初极狭,才通人;复行数十步,豁然开朗。土地平旷,屋舍俨然。有良田美池,桑竹之属,阡陌交通,鸡犬相闻。其中往来种作,男女衣着,悉如外人;黄发垂髫,并怡然自乐。见渔人,乃大惊,问所从来;具答之。便要还家,设酒、杀鸡、作食。村中闻有此人,咸来问讯。自云:先世避秦时乱,率妻子邑人来此绝境,不复出焉;遂与外人间隔。问今是何世?乃不知有汉,无论魏、晋!此人一一为具言所闻,皆叹惋。余人各复延至其家,皆出酒食,停数日,辞去。此中人语云:“不足为外人道。”
During the reign of Taiyuan of Chin, there was a fisherman of Wuling. One day he was walking along a bank. After having gone a certain distance, he suddenly came upon a peach grove which extended along the bank for about a hundred yards. He noticed with surprise that the grove had a magic effect, so singularly free from the usual mingling of brushwood, while the beautifully grassy ground was covered with its rose petals. He went further to explore, and when he came to the end of the grove, he saw a spring which came from a cave in the hill, Having noticed that there seemed to be a weak light in the cave, he tied up his boat and decided to go in and explore. At first the opening was very narrow, barely wide enough for one person to go in. After a dozen steps, it opened into a flood of light. He saw before his eyes a wide, level valley, with houses and fields and farms. There were bamboos and mulberries; farmers were working and dogs and chickens were running about. The dresses of the men and women were like those of the outside world, and the old men and children appeared very happy and contented. They were greatly astonished to see the fisherman and asked him where he had come from. The fisherman told them and was invited to their homes, where wine was served and chicken was killed for dinner to entertain him. The villagers hearing of his coming all came to see him and to talk. They said that their ancestors had come here as refugees to escape from the tyranny of Tsin Shih-huang (builder of Great Wall) some six hundred years ago, and they had never left it. They were thus completely cut off from the world, and asked what was the ruling dynasty now. They had not even heard of the Han Dynasty (two centuries before to two centuries after Christ), not to speak of the Wei (third century A.D.) and the Chin (third and fourth centuries). The fisherman told them, which they heard with great amazement. Many of the other villagers then began to invite him to their homes by turn and feed him dinner and wine.After a few days, he took leave of them and left. The villagers begged him not to tell the people outside about their colony.
既出,得其船,便扶向路,处处志之。及郡下,诣太守,说如此。太守即遣人随其往,寻向所志,遂迷不复得路。南阳刘子骥,高尚士也,闻之,欣然规往,未果,寻病终。后遂无问津者。
The man found his boat and came back, marking with signs the route he had followed. He went to the magistrate’s office and told the magistrate about it. The latter sent someone to go with him and find the place. They looked for the signs but got lost and could never find it again. Liu Tsechi of Nanyang was a great idealist. He heard of this story, and planned to go and find it, but was taken ill and died before he could fulfill his wish. Since then, no one has gone in search of this place.
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下面是读文网小编整理的英语文学论文范文,希望对大家有帮助。
Being distinguished form many greatest American writers, Hemingway is noted for his writing style. Among all his work , The Old Man and the Sea is a typical one to his unique writing style and technique. The language is simple and natural on the surface , but actually deliberate and artificial. Sometimes the simple style is made a little different. The dialogue is combined with the realistic and the artificial. The simplicity is highly suggestive , and often reflects the strong undercurrent of emotion. Occasionally , the author uses some figures of speech. Hemingway’s style is related to his experience as a journalist, his learning form many famous writers, and most importantly, his conscientious effort in looking for a style of his own, The influence of his style is great all over the world. The Old Man and the Sea is full of facts, most of which comes form Hemingway’s own experience. So the way to use facts is a very important writing technique in this novel. The fact in the novel are selected and used as a device to make the fictional world accepted. In the forepart of the novel, the are used to show the quality of Santiago’s life, and are narrated simply and naturally; while in the latter part of the novel, they are used form inside Santiago’s own consciousness and form part of a whole scheme of the novel.
Keywords: Facts; Simplicity; Artificial; Iceberg; Theory
中文摘要
在伟大的美国作家中,海明威以独特的写作风格而著称。在他所有的作品中,《老人与海》最能体现他独特的写作风格和手法。这部小说语言看似简单自然,其实包含了作者的精心揣摩和润色加工。有时为了突出某一部分,作者会采用长句代替短句。文中的对话内容真实、贴近生活,而表达形式则经过了艺术加工。小说简洁自然的语言背后隐藏了深刻的意义和感情。文中还运用了比喻、拟人等修辞手法,还名位的这种独特风格与他当过新闻记者的经历有关,这种风格对整个世界文坛产生了重要的影响。
《老人与海》这部小说运用了大量的事实,他们大多来自于作者亲身经历。海明威对这些事实精心选择,从而吸引读者的兴趣并使读者有一种身临其境的感觉。小说一开始用大量事实描写了主人公生活的环境,叙述风格简单自然,未加任何感情色彩。随着情节的发展,大量的事实主要被运用于主人公的心理活动中,而不是主要由作者来叙述。同时,这些事实构成了整个小说体系中不可缺少的一部分。
关键词:事实;简洁;加工;冰山理论#p#副标题#e#
Introduction
1. Writing characteristics of the Old Man and the Sea
1.1 Hemingway’s Writing Style and Techniques in The Old Man and the Sea
The Old Man and the Sea (1952) comes round at the finish of Hemingway’s writing career. With its vivid characterization, its simple language, and the profound implicating it carries, it stands out as one of the excellent books Hemingway’s former stature as the word’s preeminent novelist after Hemingway’s unsuccessful novel Across the River and into the trees (1950). The Old Man and the Sea earned its author the Pulitzer Prize in fiction for 1952, and was instrumental in winning him the Nobel Prize for Literature two years later. It is a short novel about Santiago, an old Cuban fisherman who has gone for 84 days without catch. Therefore the boy, Mandolin, who used to sail with him, is forced to leave him and catch in another ship. The old man insists on fishing alone and at last, he hooks an eighteen-foot, giant marlin, the largest he has ever known. But the fish is very powerful and disobedient. It tows the old man and his boat out to sea for 48 hours, with the old man bearing the whole weight of the fish through the line on his back. The old man, with little food and sleep, has to endure much pain and fights against his treacherous hand cramp. To his great excitement, on his third day at sea, he succeeds in drawing the weakened marlin to the surface and harpoons it. On his way home, he lashes marlin alongside his boat because it is too big to be pulled into the boat. But, unfortunately, the come across sharks in different numbers for four times. The old man fights to kill the sharks with as much might and many weapons as he can summon, but only to find a giant skeleton of his marlin left after his desperate defense. At last, Santiago, having lost what he fought for, reaches the shore and struggles to his shack. He falls into sound sleep, dreaming of Africa, and the lions again. His struggle wins him much respect.
Among many great American writers, Hemingway is famous for his objective and terse prose style. As the last novel Hemingway published in his life, The Old Man and the Sea typically reflects his unique writing style. This paper aims to discuss the writing style and techniques in The Old Man and the Sea. Of course, Hemingway has used many techniques in this novel, such as realism, the creation of suspense, monologue, etc. And this paper focuses especially on the language style and one of the important techniques-the way to use facts in this novel.
2.Writing of the Old Man and the Sea
2.1 Unique language style Old Man and the Sea
Hemingway is famous for his language. With much care and effort, he created a very influential and immediately recognizable style. “The style he created in his early work, such as In Our Time and The Sun also Rises, was almost too good. Like the style of certain painters, it tended to become a manner, rather than a flexible way of responding to experience and conveying fresh insights through words.” Among all his works, The Old Man and the Sea is the most typical one to his unique language style. Its language is simple and natural, and has the effect of directness, clarity and freshness. This is because Hemingway always manages to choose words “`concrete, specific, more commonly found, more Anglo-Saxon, casual and conversational.” He seldom uses adjectives and abstract nouns, and avoids complicated syntax. Hemingway’s strength lies in his short sentences and very specific details. His short sentences are powerfully loaded with the tension, which he sees in life. Where he does not use a simple and short sentence, he connects the various parts of the sentence in a straightforward and sequential way, often linked by “and”. In his task of creating real people, Hemingway uses dialogue as an effective device. It is presented in a form “as close to the dramatic as possible, with a minimum of explanatory comment.”Here is an example chosen from The Old Man and the Sea:
‘What do you have to eat?’ the boy asked.
‘No, I will eat at home. Do you want me to make the fire?’
‘No, I will make it later on. Or I may eat the rice cold.’
Here we can see that such interpolations as “he said” have frequently been omitted and the words are very colloquial. Thus the speech comes to the reader as if he were listening. Hemingway has captured the immediacy of dialogue skillfully and has made the economical speech connotative. But it is good to note that Hemingway’s style is deliberate and artificial, and is never as natural as it seems to be. The reasons are as follows. Firstly, in some specific moments, in order to stand out by contrast and to describe an important turning point or climax, the style is made a little different:
He took all his pain and what was left of his long gone pride and he put it against the fish’s agony and the fish came over on to his side and swam gently on his side, his bill almost touching the planking of the skiff, and started to pass the boat, long, deep, wide, silver and barred with purple and interminable in the water. The language in this one-sentence paragraph is different from other parts of the novel. Kenneth Graham has commented that the sentence builds up its parts in a carefully laborious sequence-“all his pain and what was left of his strength and his long gone pride”. It emulates the movement of the exhausted marlin and the physical strain of the old man. And it mounts to a heavy crescendo in the very un-prosaic inversion of adjectives-“long, deep, wide”-ending in the virtually poetic cadence, “interminable in the water.”The dialogue, too, is combined with the realistic and the artificial. Usually the content contains and the expression contains the artificial. In The Old Man and the Sea, the language style is very peculiar from Hemingway’s other writings. This is because the novel is an English version of the Spanish that Santiago and Mandolin would speak in real life. “Since we are meant to realize that Santiago and Mandolin could not possibly speak like this, since English is not his tongue anyway, we are more likely to accept other artificialities of the dialogue. Using the device of a pretended ‘translation’, which would be bound to stilt in any case, Hemingway can ‘poetize’ the dialogue as he wishes.”The speakers are distanced from readers to a certain degree. And while their language taking on a kind of epic dignity, it does not lose its convincingness. Even slightly strange exchanges like the following become fairly acceptable. For example:#p#副标题#e#
‘You’re my alarm clock’, the boy said.
‘Age is my alarm clock’, the old man said. ‘Why do old man wake so early? Is it to have one longer day?’
‘I don’t know’, the boy said. ‘All I know is that young boys sleep late and hard’.
‘I can remember it’, the old man said. ‘ I’ll waken you in time.’
The simple sentences and the repeated rhythms hit at the profundities that the surface of the language tries to ignore. Its simplicity is highly suggestive and connotative, and often reflects the strong undercurrent of emotion. Indeed, the more closely the reader watches, the less rough and simple the characters appear. In Death in the Afternoon, Hemingway uses an effective metaphor to describe his writing style: If a writer of the prose knows enough about what he is writing about, he may omit things that he knows and the reader, if the writer is writing truly enough, will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them. The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water.Among all the works of Hemingway, the saga of Santiago is thought as the most typical one to this Iceberg Theory. The author seldom expresses his own feelings directly, nor does he make any comments or explanations. On the contrary, he tries to narrate and describe things objectively and blend his own feelings harmoniously to the natural narration and description this gives readers a pictures compression, from which-the 1/8 of the iceberg above water, they can learn the implying meaning and feelings of the author- 7/8 of the iceberg under water. When Hemingway said of this story, “I tried to make a real old man, a real sea and real sharks”, he then went on to say, “But if I made them good and true enough they would mean many things.” So this novel has a great and significance conveyed by a compressed action. The core of the novel’s action is fishing. To the hero, fishing is not simply of contest in life. It contains profound philosophic meaning. In addition, two details-the baseball match and the hand wresting with the Negro, like fishing, symbolize the contention in life. They compensate and enrich the inner meaning of the main plot of fishing. So the simplicity of the novel is highly suggestive.
2.2 The Old Man and the Sea Writing Methods
Occasionally, the author uses such figures of speech as metaphor, personification, etc to describe details. Hemingway likes to us natural things to make metaphors. For example, he describes Santiago’s eyes as “the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated.”The metaphor reveals that the old man is closely linked with nature. At the beginning of the novel, a simile is used: “the sail was patched with flour sacks and, furled, it looked like the flag of permanent defeat.” Here Santiago’s eyes are contrasted with the patched sail, which symbolize defeat, as reveals Santiago’s unyielding character. So Hemingway has formed of narrative and dialogue, though natural and simple on the surface, is actually deliberated and artificial. It combines elements that are realistic with elements that are stylized and heightened. How Hemingway has formed such a writing style? The reason is related to his own experiences. “His use of short sentences and paragraphs and vigorous and positive language, and the deliberate avoidance of gorgeous adjectives are some of the traces of his early journalistic practices.” After leaving school at 17, he went to the Kansas City Star, which was one of the best newspapers in America at that time. He served as its eager and energetic reporter. As a journalist, Hemingway trained himself in the economy of expression. He once said that, during his working in Star, he had to learn to use simple sentences, which is very useful to him; and that the experience of working as a journalist would not do harm to a young writer, instead it is very helpful if he could cast it off timely. He laid stress on “speaking” with facts and objected groundless concoction in writing. His descriptions of details are full of factuality, and are as precise as news reports.
3.The import on Hemingway’s Old Man and the Sea
The influence of Hemingway’s language style is great. In the latter part of his life, Hemingway was known as “Papa Hemingway.” It refers mainly to his contribution to the development of a new writing style in America-the colloquial style. His simple word, short sentences and vividly colloquial language purity American novel. In England, which Miss Storm Jameson discussing “The Craft of the Novelist” in the January 1934 issue of The English Review, she advanced an explanation of Hemingway’s popularity:
It is this simplicity, this appeal to our crudest interests, which explains Hemingway’s success…In English at least his success has been largely with the intellectuals. Thy have praised his simplicity, his directness…When Hemingway’s death was reported on 3 July 1961, the obituary in The Tines pronounced pontifically: No history of the literature of our time will be able to ignore his achievement or his far-reaching influence…his last masterpiece, The Old Man and The Sea, he remained a solitary both in achievement and style…And Hemingway’s influence as a stylist was “neatly expressed in the praise of the Noble Prize Committee about ‘his powerful style-forming mastery of the art’ of writing modern fiction.”
Apart from the language style, which The Old Man and the Sea is famous for, the writing techniques in this novel are also worth paying close attention to. A very important one of them is the way to use facts. The main events of the story seem to be based on a real incident, which is described by Hemingway in an article about fishing in the Gulf Stream in Esquire for April 1936. So the novel of full facts, such as the habit of fish, the technique of catching marlin, the weather, the sea, and so on. But the power of the novel lies in the way to use these facts. Firstly the facts are selected. “Hemingway’s old man, boy, sea, fish, and sharks are not so much built up in our minds, detail by detail, facts by facts, as drive into our mind by the force and the sympathy with which the author himself shares in their imaginary existence.” Like any realist, he relies on selection. When the giant marlin finally surfaces, his tail “was higher than a big scythe blade and a very pale lavender above the dark blue water.” Sargasso weed is bleached and yellow by day; Tuna are silver when they jump out if the water, but blue-backed and gold-sides when swimming. Hemingway never described them with excessively, but choose some effective ones. He uses them with a sense of how colors shift and change in their relationship. Without selection, there can be no intensity, and compression.
4.The philosophical significance Old Man and The Sea
4.1The Old Man and The Sea by the message to people’s moods#p#副标题#e#
Secondly, the facts are used as a device to make the fictional word accepted. The novel is not simply a manual for us to study the technique to catch a fish or how to survive in a boat. The author tries to implicate people’s imagination in what is happening by appealing to our love of practical knowledge. This shows “the facts are fundamentally a device, a technique of reassuring our sense of everyday values.”So they can help to make us accept more readily what the author has invented and made more dramatic than in everyday life. Still take the use of color as example: The clouds over the land now rose like mountains and the coast was only a long green line with the gray-blue hills behind it. The water was a dark blue now, so dark that it was almost purple. As he looked down into it he saw the red sifting of the plankton in the dark water and the strange light the sun made now. These facts show readers the process of fishing, which mostly comes from the author’s own experience. From these facts, which are vivid, precise and terse, readers can learn a lot about how to catch a fish and can also feel as if they themselves were catching a fish. Then they will have the sense that what the author describes is real and believable. Therefore, as Kenneth Graham has said, many facts in the novel about fishing and about the sea have a double function: they satisfy people’s sense of the real word. And this is what underlies Hemingway’s famous statement that his intention was always to convey to the reader “the way it was.”
4.2The influence of the Old Man and the Sea
All in all, Hemingway’s language in The Old Man and the Sea is simple and natural on the surface, but actually deliberate and artificial. “The language is rarely emotional. Rather, it controls emotions: it holds them in.”The forming of this distinct style is related to Hemingway’s own experience. And the influence of this style is not only within America but also all over the world. The facts in the novel are selected and used as a device to make the fictional world accepted. Unlike other novelists who add allegorical meanings to their facts, Hemingway uses the facts simply and naturally, without any emotion. In the latter part of the novel, instead of being narrated by the author, the facts are used from inside Santiago’s own consciousness, and form part of a whole scheme of the novel. Besides what have been mentioned above, other techniques in The Old Man and the Sea, such as realism, monologue, the creation of suspense and so on, are also very successful. All these show Hemingway’s superb artistic attainments as a Nobel Prize winner.
Bibliography
1. Chang Yaoxin, “Chapter 14” in A Survey of American Literature. TianJin: Nankai University Press, 1987
2. Kenneth Graham, “commentary” in York Notes: The Old Man and the Sea. Beijing: world Publishing Corporation, 1991
3. Ernest Hemingway, The Old Man and the Sea. Beijing: world Publishing Corporation, 1998
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学习是人在生活过程中,通过获得经验而产生的行为或行为潜能的相对持久的行为方式。学习是贯穿每个人的一生,需要养成终生学习的好习惯。下面读文网小编为大家带来英文学习名人名言,欢迎大家阅读!
1、不动笔墨不读书。——徐特立
pen and ink is not reading。
2、必须有所知,否则不如死。——罗曼·罗兰
something must be known, or dead。
3、不读书的人,思想就会停止。——狄德罗
people who do not read, thinking will stop。
4、读书忌死读,死读钻牛角。——叶圣陶
one avoid is dead read, read drill horn to death。
5、为中华之崛起而读书。——周恩来
reading for the rise of the chinese。
6、读书也像开矿一样“沙里淘金”。——赵树理
reading is like mining "informed"。
7、书籍是人全人类的营养品。——莎士比亚
books are the nourishment of all mankind。
8、立志宜思真品格,读书须尽苦功夫。——阮元
aspire to appropriate's character, reading must try hard。
9、没有求知欲的学生,就像没有翅膀的鸟儿。——萨迪
no students curiosity, like a wingless bird。
10、只有天才和科学结了婚才能得到最好的结果。——斯宾塞
only genius married science can get the best results。
11、距离已经消失,要么创新,要么死亡。——托马斯·彼得斯
distance has disappeared, innovation, or death。
12、求学犹植树,春天开花朵,秋天结果实。——爱因斯坦
study of plant trees, spring flowers, autumn fruit。
13、天才就是这样,终身劳动,便成天才!——门捷列夫
genius is such, life work, then into a genius!
14、人的知识愈广,人的本身也愈臻完善。——高尔基
man's knowledge more wide, the person's itself also will be。
15、所谓天才,那就是假话,勤奋的工作才是实在的。——爱迪生
the so-called genius, that is untrue, hard work is the reality。
16、优秀的作品无论你怎样去探测它,都是探不到底的。——歌德
best work no matter how you to detect it, are not exactly。
17、天才的悲剧地于被小而舒适的名望所束缚。——芥川龙之介
the tragedy of genius to be tied down by a small and comfortable fame。
18、哪里有天才,我是把别人喝咖啡的工夫都用在了工作上了。——鲁迅
where there is a genius, i'm with all the others drink coffee time on the job。
19、在知识的山峰上登得越高,眼前的景色越壮阔。——拉吉舍夫
in knowledge in the higher the mountain,the view is spectacular。
20、如果试图改变一些东西,首先应该接受许多东西。——萨特
if you try to change something, first of all should accept many things。
21、天才就是百分之九十九的汗水加百分之一的灵感。——爱迪生
genius is ninety-nine percent perspiration plus one percent inspiration。
22、饭可以一日不吃,觉可以一日不睡,书不可以一日不读。——毛泽东
rice can a day don't eat, sleep can't sleep a day, don't read books can't a day。
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看到boss这个单词也许大家首先想到的意思就是老大,是很常见的词汇,接下来读文网小编为大家带来boss的英语意思解释和英语例句,欢迎大家一起学习!
My boss is a football fan.
我的上司是一位足球迷。
He was fired by his boss.
他被他的老板解雇了。
He is my sometime boss.
他是我从前的上司。
Bob liked to boss the young man about.
鲍伯喜爱对那位年轻人发号施令。
Don't boss me around! What do you take me for?
别把我使唤来使唤去的!你当我是什么?
The boss retains enormous influence by reason of his position 老板由于自身的地位而一直有极大的影响力。
As the boss began to rant, I stood up and went out 老板开始咆哮的时候,我起身走了出去。
He seemed to be in direct contact with the Boss 他似乎直接和老板联系。
Jackson said her boss became increasingly depressed and reverted to smoking heavily 杰克逊说她的老板情绪越来越低落,又开始拼命抽烟了。
As long as I deliver the goods, my boss is very happy 只要我做好本职工作,我的老板就很高兴。
The boss covers all bases when he sets up a job 老板设立一个工作岗位时,需要方方面面都考虑到。
Johnson's easy charm contrasted sharply with the prickliness of his boss 约翰逊的亲和力和他老板易怒的性格形成了鲜明的对比。
My husband has just had a blazing row with his boss 我丈夫刚和他老板大吵了一架。
To his acolytes, he is known simply as "the Boss" 他被手下人简称为“老板”。
It was clear to me that he respected his boss 在我看来他显然很尊重他的上司。
Please give this to your boss with my compliments 请把这个给你的老板,算是我的一点心意。
Tim hemmed and hawed, but finally told his boss the truth 蒂姆起初支支吾吾,但最终还是把真相告诉了老板。
Occasionally I have to go and ask the boss for a rise 有时我不得不找老板要求加薪。
Her boss took her under his wing after fully realizing her potential 老板充分意识到她的潜力后,对她关怀备至。
Being boss of a software firm beats selling insurance 当软件公司的老板比卖保险强多了。
His boss did not pressure him for results 他的老板并没有催促他尽早拿出结果。
So you fancy yourself as the boss someday? 这么说,你是想有一天自己当上老板喽?
You heard what the boss said, bud 你听见老板说的话了,老兄。
"The boss gave us a rollicking," said McGoldrick “老板狠狠教训了我们一顿,”麦戈德里克说。
He thinks he's the boss 他认为自己是头儿。
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英语听力教学是外语教学中的一个非常重要的组成部分。自大学英语四、六级考试十几年来 ,我国高校英语听力教学取得了长足的进步。但近几年来 ,小编常常听到学生抱怨英语听力“太难了”、“听不懂”。这实际是由于听力训练的障碍所造成的。下面是读文网小编整理的形成英语听力的条件反射的方法,欢迎大家阅读!
要达到“条件反射”的目标,一定要在“听”字上下工夫,而且是要“多听”。多听,是形成“条件反射”的必要条件。多听,是要多注音发音,做到能自然辨音的结果,一听就知道发的哪个词。多听,可以使你在听上一句的时候,已经知道下一句的大体内容了。多听,可以“精听”,也可以“返听”,两者缺一不可。很多人对“多”的理解很不够。以为听懂几篇文章,就达到了目的。要知道,语言的学习不是一日工夫。尤其是缺乏语言环境的非母语的学习,尤其需要“量”的铺垫。没有这个认识,想通过“速成”突破听力,是不可能。但我们可以借助工具、借助科学的方法,缩短这个时间。
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你知道LCD的中文翻译吗?一起来学习吧!
LCD的中文翻译:液晶显示屏,液晶显示器(Liquid Crystal Display);
1. a pocket calculator with LCD
液晶袖珍计算器
2. The LCD will be much cheaper in the short run, I suppose.
我想, 要不了多久液晶荧幕就更加便宜了.
3. His eyes shifted to the LCD panel set into the plastic ceiling.
他的眼神转移到LCD面板设置成塑胶的上限.
4. The system precisely calibrates all of your CRT, LCD, and laptop displays.
该系统精确地测定你的CRT 、 LCD和笔记本电脑显示器.
5. The current channel number flashes on the LCD screen.
目前的频道数目闪烁对LCD屏幕上.
6. Is the CRT display n - tupling bigger than LCD display radiation?
CRT显示器比LCD液晶显示器的辐射大几倍?
7. Active matrix LCD technology improves greatly upon passive technology in these respects.
在这些方面,有源阵列LCD技术可以很大程度上改进无源技术的缺点.
8. There is already one LCD - based e - reader on the market.
市场上已有了一款基于LCD的 电子阅读器.
9. The performance of backlight affects LCD � � s display quality directly.
背光源是液晶显示(LCD)的核心组件之一,其性能直接影响着LCD的 显示质量.
10. QQ 64134703 - Audio LCD display alarm, there do not understand I can contact.
音频LCD显示报警器, 有不明白的可以联系我.
11. One - Eye - Ball, 1999 , surveillance camera, LCD monitor, fiber glass, various dimension.
“单眼球”玻璃纤维, LCD萤幕, 针孔摄影机, 电池1999可变尺寸.
12. Clear and bright LCD small screen real time display, Touch Screen.
高亮度,LCD实时显示, 清晰明亮;触摸屏,操作简便、直观.
13. Some firms are responding by launching e - readers based on LCDtechnology.
一些公司顺势发布了基于LCD技术的 电子阅读器.
14. The measuring equipment is of LCD displayer and standard current output.
该测量装置具有LCD显示和标准电流输出功能.
15. Active pattern containing information to be displayed in the LCD glass.
活跃的图案包含讯息被展示在LCD玻璃里.
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你知道SMTP的中文翻译吗?一起来学习吧!
SMTP的中文翻译:Simple Message Transfer Protocol 简单邮件传输协议
1. Check the SMTP server configuration and correct any anomalies.
检查SMTP服务器配置及服务是否有任何异常.
2. Scroll to SMTP Secure Login, leave unless required by your Email provider.
滚动smtp的安全登录, 休假除非需要你的电子邮件提供商.
3. Experience with networking application protocols development including SMTPand HTTP.
使用SMTP和HTTP协议开发网络应用程序经历.
4. The SMTP protocol is used for the transmission of e - mails .
SMTP协议是用于 电子邮件 的传输.
5. HTTP, FTP, and SMTP are types of transport tModels.
HTTP 、 FTP和SMTP是传输tModel的 几种类型.
6. Many interfaces notify security professionals of issues via SMTP or other alerts.
很多界面通过SMTP告知专业人士存在的问题或其他警告.
7. Your SMTP mail server could not start a secure connection.
SMTP邮件服务器无法启动安全连接.
8. Scroll to Outgoing SMTP Port and press Select.
滚动离任的smtp端口和按下选择.
9. Scroll to SMTP Access Point and press Select.
滚动smtp的接入点和按下选择.
10. Scroll to SMTP User Name and press Select.
滚动smtp用户名称和按下选择.
11. Scroll to SMTP Password and press Select.
滚动smtp口令和按下选择.
12. Scroll to Outgoing SMTP Server and press Select.
滚动离任smtp服务器和按下选择.
13. A device tracker gateway can have up to two subordinate gateways: oneSMTP and one UDP.
设备跟踪器网关最多可以拥有两个下级网关: 一个SMTP网关和一个UDP网关.
14. This article analyzes the communication model of SMTP and describes its commands and responses.
分析了SMTP协议的通信模型,详细说明了它的命令和应答.
15. C # development of the procedures, SMTP client and server, POP 3 and IMAP 4 servers.
开发的程序, SMTP客户端和服务器, POP3和IMAP4服务器.
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下面是读文网小编整理的一些英美文学常用术语及解释,希望对大家有帮助。
Romance is a popular literary form in the medic England.
2>it sings knightly adventures or other heroic deeds.
3>chivalry is the spirit of the romance.
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近年国内学英语风气甚盛 ,无论在中学,在大学,或在自修,多少莘莘学子都在用功夫,日求进益,我想据我个人的经验,谈谈这个中的关系。
四十年前我在德国,听过柏林大学教出来的操华语的德国人,听起来象在北京长大的,但他们都是成年以后才学的;同时我在上海所见到的留过学的中学英文教员,文法冼练极了,分析词句精透了,而说出英文,毫不地道。
有人以为目标在了解阅读,不在口讲,这是把问题看错了,学习英文的目标,只在清顺自然四字而已。凡不以口语为基础的人,一定写不出平易自然,纯熟地道的英文。前英国首相丘吉尔可算英文大家,他有名的句子:We shall fight on the hills. We shall fight in the streets. We shall fight blood and sweat and tears。这是多么矫健的句子!何尝有一个不是小学生所能用的字?又何尝有一字夸词浮句?中国人写英文,寻章摘句,多用深句,所以才学不好。例如对人十分佩服,你说I admire him profoundly。便是古人做文章的做法,因为英美人士并不这样讲,用admire greatly才是自然,而用I take off my hat to him.才是真正地道的英文。
你要明白英语言文一致,而骨子里是白话.愈平易自然愈好,愈少粉饰藻丽语句愈好,愈近清顺口语愈好,愈能念出来顺口成章愈好。中国人写英文,能写到这个地步的就不多,你写出来,外国人念下去象外国人写,就不容易,所以难能可贵,就在这一点.中国人要写英文,必先淘汰古人"做文章"的观念,才能打稳正当的英文基础.因此我们必须以口语入手 ,才能掌握个中窍门。
大家要注意常用字及口语的用法;英文那个"有"字,当然有have,而口语却是have got ( Have you got any money?) 老外这样说,我们只好这样写! Forget about it(算了)!也是一种口语. You are telling me (我还得等你说)?也是一种口语. Not a chance (绝不会)也是一种口语。这四个单字got, forget, tell, chance都是极平常的字,而运用在口语中,却是学好英文的最重要的部分!若是单求长字,生字,看起来文雅好听的僻字,头一步便走错了.所以说善于灵活运用平常的字,是学习英文的不二法门。
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