为您找到与grass是可数还是不可数相关的共34个结果:
life 是否可数,通常取决于两个方面:一是它什么意思,二是它表示某一意思时是侧重具体概念还是抽象概念。总的说来,以下几条原则值得注意:
Children were full of life this morning. 孩子们今天早晨充满活力。
There were signs of life in the forest as the sun rose. 太阳升起时,森林里有了人类活动的迹象。
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grass有草;草地;喂(草)等意思,那么你知道grass的复数和第三人称单数是什么吗?接下来跟着读文网小编来学习一下吧。
1. The flower beds were overrun with grasses.
花坛里杂草横生。
2. A sweet fragrance rose from the wild grasses.
野草散发出芳香.
3. Grasses were moist with dew.
草被露水沾湿了.
4. The lawn contained a mixture of grasses.
草坪上生长着各种青草。
5. Beaded dewdrops stood upon the leaves and grasses.
露珠儿还逗留在树叶和草叶上.
6. On grasses, injury is usually confined to areas between the veins.
杂草中危害通常仅限于叶脉间的条状区域.
7. Together they batter the trees and level the grasses.
狂风夹着暴雨横扫树林,刮平草原.
8. The sun came out and the grasses dried.
日出草干.
9. " But antiquity now is a yellow dust, Confusing in the grasses its ruins and white Bones . "
黄尘足今古, 白骨乱 蓬蒿.
10. " And now , in the Eighth - month , yellowing Butterflies Hover , two by two, in our west - garden grasses "
八月蝴蝶来, 双飞西园草.
11. The air was laden with spices - the mingled fragrance of many grasses and flowers.
空气里荡漾着芳香,很多花草混和在一起的芳香.
12. In grasses the leaves elongate in the dark and break through the surrounding coleoptiles.
在草本植物中,叶子在黑暗中伸长,穿破包围它们的胚芽鞘而生长.
13. The dry summer air cured them, much as storing in a barn cured the cultivated grasses.
夏天干燥的空气使它们熟化, 就象人工培养的牧草堆在牲口棚里达到熟化一样.
14. The soldiers Gathered branches and grasses for a makeshift camp.
那些士兵收集树枝和草做一个临时帐篷.
15. The countryside and forests are full of medicinal grasses and herbs.
农村和森林里到处都是草药.
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来看看充满青草味的grass,它在英语中所能够运用的用法,它的复数是怎么添加的?以下是读文网小编给大家带来grass的复数和用法及参考例句,以供参阅。
1. I let the horse drop his head to crop the spring grass.
我让马低下头啃吃春天的青草。
2. The windows overlooked a lawn of tall waving grass.
窗户外边是一块草地,高高的草随风摇摆。
3. Mr Zuma had a solid reputation as a grass roots organiser.
作为一个民众的组织者,祖玛先生名声甚佳。
4. The most recent tenants hadn't even cut the grass.
上一拨房客连草都没有修剪。
5. You have to join the party at grass-roots level.
你得参加基层党组织。
6. Their four children turn cartwheels in the grass as we talk.
我们说话的时候,他们家的4个孩子在草地上玩侧手翻。
7. Small things stirred in the grass around the tent.
一些小东西在帐篷四周的草丛里窸窸窣窣地动着。
8. Two men were attempting to scythe the long grass.
两个人正试图割掉疯长的草。
9. The soft wind breathed their names to the newborn grass.
轻风把他们的名字吹向刚刚长出的小草。
10. They should concentrate on rejuvenating the existing vegetation, like grass and shrubs.
他们应该侧重于修整现有的绿化植被,比如草和灌木。
11. There was a smell of trampled grass and earth.
有踩烂的青草与泥土的味道。
12. A gust of breeze moved down the hillside, ruffling the grass.
一阵微风吹下山坡,使青草如波浪起伏。
13. We landed on a grass airstrip, fifteen minutes after leaving Mahe.
离开马埃15分钟后,我们降落在一个临时草地机场上。
14. The old road had disappeared under grass and heather.
从前的那条路已经消失在杂草和欧石南丛中。
15. Grass shears are specially made to trim grass growing in awkward places.
除草剪刀;专门用于修剪缝隙角落里的青草。
看过grass的复数和用法辨析及参考例句
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对于许多公司来说,员工的忠诚度和经验都是很被看重的。接下来小编为大家整理了员工的忠诚度重要还是经验重要。希望对你有帮助哦!
People who are loyal employees tend to earn more, according to the first large-scale study of loyalty and earnings, according to new research.
首次针对忠诚度和收入的大规模研究表明,忠诚的员工往往赚得更多。
The difference loyalty made to earnings was equivalent to the additional salary given for having an extra year of experience.
忠诚度造成的收入上的差异几乎和多一年工作经验所增加的薪水相同。
Previous research has found that worker loyalty lowers labour turnover costs and improves customer service, but this study claims it benefits employees too.
过去的研究已经发现,员工忠诚度能减少人员流动成本,并提高顾客服务质量。但这项研究也发现,这对员工也有好处。
Michigan State University researchers surveyed 10,800 employees in former socialist countries that introduced capitalist economies in the 1990s.
密歇根州立大学的研究者们调查了10800位前社会主义国家现为资本主义国家的员工。
‘We know that firms realise financial gain from loyal workers, but we wanted to know if they share those benefits with the workers,’ said Susan Linz, lead author and professor of economics at the University.
“我们知道公司能从忠诚的员工身上获得经济利润,但我们也想知道他们会不会和员工分享这些利润,”该大学经济学教授苏珊·林兹如是说。
‘Among the more than 650 workplaces included in our study the answer is yes, they are sharing the wealth,' she said.
“对接受研究的超过650家企业而言,答案是肯定的,他们会分享这些财富。”
The researchers surveyed employees from 2005 to 2011 in six culturally and economically diverse countries: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazahkstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Serbia.
在2005年到2011年间,研究者们调查了六个文化上,经济上都相当多元化的国家的员工:亚美尼亚、阿塞拜疆、哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、俄罗斯和塞尔维亚。
Loyalty was measured by workplace seniority; whether the employee would turn down an offer of slightly more money to change jobs; and whether the employee was committed to and engaged with the company.
忠诚度是由那些办公室里的老资格们衡量的;这位员工是否会拒绝更高报酬的offer;这位员工是否会坚持和公司在一起。
The findings that worker loyalty was linked to higher earnings came as a surprise to Linz.
对林兹来说,她关于员工忠诚度和更高的薪水有关的发现着实令她吃了一惊。
Workers were more likely to be loyal if they expected to earn a bonus or learn new skills. In addition, loyalty was higher among employees who expected that doing their job well would result in job security and the feeling that they were accomplishing something worthwhile.
如果员工期待获得奖金或者学到新技能,他们往往会更忠诚。另外,那些希望通过努力工作增加工作稳定性或感觉自己正在实现一些有意义的事情的员工也会更忠诚。
Praise from senior managers, however, was not always positively linked to worker loyalty.
而来自上级主管的表扬却并不一定对员工忠诚度有所贡献。
According to the researchers, the findings highlight the importance of managers motivating their workers and knowing which strategies promote loyalty.
研究者们表示,这些发现对于管理者们了解能提高员工忠诚度的策略非常有用。
‘Managers might have more success by offering the workers a chance to learn new skills, which can contribute to their sense of better job security or desire for more job autonomy, all of which were positively linked to loyalty in our study,’ said Linz.
“如果经理们能提供给员工学习新技能的机会,而这种机会能让他们感受到更好的工作稳定性和对工作自主性的渴望,他们就能获得更大的成功。这两者在我们的研究中都对员工忠诚度有积极的效果。”林兹如是说。
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我们知道一般英语单词中的名词,大多数都有可数名词的用法,grass也不例外。以下是读文网小编给大家带来grass可数名词用法,以供参阅。
1. I let the horse drop his head to crop the spring grass.
我让马低下头啃吃春天的青草。
2. The windows overlooked a lawn of tall waving grass.
窗户外边是一块草地,高高的草随风摇摆。
3. Mr Zuma had a solid reputation as a grass roots organiser.
作为一个民众的组织者,祖玛先生名声甚佳。
4. The most recent tenants hadn't even cut the grass.
上一拨房客连草都没有修剪。
5. You have to join the party at grass-roots level.
你得参加基层党组织。
6. Their four children turn cartwheels in the grass as we talk.
我们说话的时候,他们家的4个孩子在草地上玩侧手翻。
7. Small things stirred in the grass around the tent.
一些小东西在帐篷四周的草丛里窸窸窣窣地动着。
8. Two men were attempting to scythe the long grass.
两个人正试图割掉疯长的草。
9. The soft wind breathed their names to the newborn grass.
轻风把他们的名字吹向刚刚长出的小草。
10. They should concentrate on rejuvenating the existing vegetation, like grassand shrubs.
他们应该侧重于修整现有的绿化植被,比如草和灌木。
11. There was a smell of trampled grass and earth.
有踩烂的青草与泥土的味道。
12. A gust of breeze moved down the hillside, ruffling the grass.
一阵微风吹下山坡,使青草如波浪起伏。
13. We landed on a grass airstrip, fifteen minutes after leaving Mahe.
离开马埃15分钟后,我们降落在一个临时草地机场上。
14. The old road had disappeared under grass and heather.
从前的那条路已经消失在杂草和欧石南丛中。
15. Grass shears are specially made to trim grass growing in awkward places.
除草剪刀;专门用于修剪缝隙角落里的青草。
看过grass可数名词用法
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在职场上应该怎么做才有利于自己事业的发展呢?接下来小编为大家整理了在职场展现真我是利还是弊,希望对你有帮助哦!
Honesty is often said to be the best policy in social situations but being yourself at work is not a good idea for your career, research suggests.
While revealing your true character to a partner or friends is likely to make you happier, experts claim doing so at the office is not a recipe for promotion.
Scientists assessed levels of "authentic self expression" in 533 volunteers to see how far they opened up to people they interacted with socially.
The results showed that participants were more likely to "be themselves" with partners, followed by friends and then parents. However, they were much less likely to show their true self to work colleagues.
Those who opened up to their partners tended to have greater well-being and were more satisfied with life. But the same benefits were not seen from being authentic at work.
Dr Oliver Robinson, from the University of Greenwich in London, said: "You hear self-help gurus say that the secret of happiness is 'being yourself' or 'expressing your true feelings', but that doesn't seem to apply in the workplace.
"So in some circumstances, it may be that a polite smile or tactfully keeping quiet may be more conducive to your well-being than saying what you actually think and feel to work colleagues."
The results were presented at the annual meeting of the British Psychological Society, taking place in London.
人们常说诚实是处世的最佳策略,然而研究显示,在职场中做真实的自己并不利于你的事业发展。
尽管向伴侣或朋友展现自己的真实个性会让你过得更开心,但专家称,在办公室这么做可不是晋升的良方。
科学家评估了533名志愿者的“真我表达”水平,看他们在社交中对他人的开放程度。
结果显示,参与者和伴侣在一起更能“做真实的自己”,其次是和朋友在一起,再次是父母。然而,他们却不大会向同事展示真实的自我。
那些对伴侣敞开心扉的人通常更幸福,对生活更满足。但是在职场中坦诚相对却没有同样的回报。
来自伦敦格林威治大学的奥利佛•罗宾森博士说:“你听那些自我激励大师说幸福的秘诀就是‘做你自己’或‘表达你的真实感受’,但是这些似乎在职场行不通。
“在某些情况下,也许一个礼貌的微笑或机智地保持沉默而不是对同事说出你的真实想法和感受更有利于你的幸福。”
在伦敦举行的英国心理学会年会上展示了这一研究结果。
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摘要:生活有时总是处于起伏不定的状态。这些意想不到的转变会让我们受到惊吓和恐吓,让我们感到消极。起床时踩到脚趾这种不起眼的小事就会影响这一整天的心情。不过,如果我们有意识试着多培养积极心态,我们也能从根本上改变我们的情绪感觉。
Life can quickly change from great to grim at any given moment. These unexpected shifts can startle and frighten us, which in turns makes us feel negative. It could be something as simple as stubbing a toe when getting out of bed that sets the tone for the entire day. If we cultivate more awareness around trying to be positive, however, we have the power to radically change the way we feel.
生活有时总是处于起伏不定的状态。这些意想不到的转变会让我们受到惊吓和恐吓,让我们感到消极。起床时踩到脚趾这种不起眼的小事就会影响这一整天的心情。不过,如果我们有意识试着多培养积极心态,我们也能从根本上改变我们的情绪感觉。
为了保护你的小心脏 还是乐观点吧
I know that positive thinking often gets a bad rap. That's because negativity is often mistakenly perceived as powerful and decisive, with an edge of hip cynicism. Positivity, on the other hand, is often wrongly viewed as puny, entreating, and even feeble-minded. But consider that protracted over time, unchecked, accumulated negative feelings such as anger and hostility, can result in health damaging consequences.
正面思维的口碑往往很差。因为消极思考常被误认为很强势而又有决定性,有些愤青的那种愤世嫉俗的感觉。另一方面,积极性常被误视为微不足道、乞求于人甚至低能迟钝。但长期拖延下去不加以控制的话,其所累积的负面情绪如愤怒和敌意,可能对健康有害。
In his book Love & Survival, Dr. Dean Ornish writes, "In an analysis of over 45 studies, hostility has emerged as one of the most important variables in heart disease. The effects of hostility are equal to or greater in magnitude to the traditional risk factors for heart disease: elevated cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, and so on."
迪恩·奥尼什博士在他的《爱与生存》这本书中写道,“在45个以上的分析研究中,心怀敌意已经成为诱发心脏病其中一个最重要的因素。心怀敌意的影响作用相当于或高于诱发心脏疾病的传统风险因素:如高胆固醇、高血压等等。
Luckily, contributions from the field of Positive Psychology are now verifying the importance of positivity, not only suggesting that it is far more potent than we think, but that it is a powerful component necessary for optimal health and overall well-being. In her book Positivity, renownedresearcher Dr. Barbara Fredrickson writes:
幸运的是,积极心理学领域的最近贡献是正在验证积极性的重要性,它不仅远比我们想象的更为强大,而且它是最佳健康和整体健康所需的一个功能强大的组件,这是著名的芭芭拉德里克森博士研究员在她的著作《积极情绪》一书中写到的。
For example, positive emotions that are broadening such as feeling curious, playful and compassionate towards a stranger can result in building a possible life-long friendship.
例如,积极情绪对陌生人起到催化好奇心、顽皮心和同情心的作用,最终结下终身友谊。
When experiencing the stress of negative emotions, we tend to be more susceptible to cardiovascular effects such as increased heart rate and blood pressure, higher blood sugar, and immune suppression. Prolonged exposure to negative emotions can eventually lead to coronary artery disease.
在愤怒或高度焦虑时会出现负面情绪,经历负面情绪的压力时,我们的心血管往往更容易受到影响,如心率增加、血压升高、血糖升高、免疫力差。长时间积压负面情绪最终会诱发冠状动脉疾病。
Some Simple Suggestions for Increasing Positivity:
增加积极性的一些简单的建议:
1. During the day, be mindful of wins: a satisfying completion of a project, a kind gesture, a humorous email, or an unexpected compliment.
白天,铭记成功:完成一个项目感觉很有成就感,一个友好的态、一封幽默的电子邮件或一个意想不到的恭维。
2. Take a full body stretch every hour. Snag a brisk walk with a coworker on your lunch hour. Enjoy your favorite healthy snacks, and keep hydrated.
每小时做一下全身伸展运动。在午餐时间和同事散步。享受自己最爱的零食,并坚持补水。
3. Ritualize your transition at the close of the workday. Consciously decide what you want to bring home with you. Leave the burdens and upsets of the day behind. Sit in the car for a few minutes and breathe deeply. When you get home, take time to relax and unwind with a guided five-minute "Lying On Back" gentle yoga stretch.
以仪式化的方式来过渡去结束这一天的工作。要有意识提醒自己随你一起带回家的。放下一天的负担和不适。在车里坐几分钟,做一下深呼吸。到家后找时间放松一下,做一下柔和的瑜伽伸展动作:“仰卧”五分钟。
4. Contact and connect with loved ones. Call, text, email, send a love letter or a shared photo of a happy memory. Laugh, dance, share a meal, sit together, hold hands, cuddle.
联系一下亲人/爱人。打打电话、发发短信/电子邮件、发送一封情书或分享一下留有快乐记忆的照片。要有笑声、要跳舞、分享一顿美食、一起坐一坐、牵手、拥抱。
5. Make an ongoing list of what is NOT broken. Keep a gratitude journal.
列出一个正在进行的清单。保持一颗感恩的心。
Developing a positive attitude greatly enriches our lives as well as that of those around us. Cultivating positivity can alter your body, mind and spirit in formidable ways that will aid you in creating your best life. As Dr. Fredrickson writes, "The treasure of your own positivity is waiting for you.
培养一种积极的态度极大地丰富了我们的生活并增强你与周围的人的人际关系。培养积极性可以改变你的身体状态、思想状态和精神强大,帮助你创造最好的生活状态。弗雷德里克森博士写道,“你自己的正能量宝藏正向你敞开。
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摘要:一位英国艺术家画下了自己的“梦中男友”,而这幅作品却成了神奇的预言:四年后她嫁给了一个长得和画中人很像的男人!
An artist has married the man of her dreams four years after painting his look alike in a prophetic piece of artwork.
In 2009, Chloe Mayo, who was single at the time, quickly dashed off an oil painting of her holding hands with a handsome, dark bearded man.
一位英国艺术家画下了自己的“梦中男友”,而这幅作品却成了神奇的预言:四年后她嫁给了一个长得和画中人很像的男人!
2009年,当时单身的克洛伊·梅奥匆忙完成了一副油画作品,画中的她和一个长相英俊、留着黑色络腮胡的男子手牵手。
Not thinking anything more of the creation, the 31-year-old left the painting to gather dust in the corner of her living room.
当时31岁的克洛伊也没多想,只当这是自己的艺术创作,这幅画就搁置在起居室的角落里,任它落满了灰尘。
In her search for love, Chloe joined an online dating website, and began messaging Michael Goeman, 30. Two months later the pair met - and Chloe was shocked to find Michael was the spitting image of the man in her painting.
在寻爱之旅中,克洛伊加入了一个交友网站,认识了30岁的迈克尔·戈曼,两人开始联系。在相识两个月后,克洛伊震惊地发现迈克尔和她油画中的男子长得几乎一模一样。
In fear of putting off her new lover, Chloe hid the uncanny painting under her bed, only revealing it once she had been on more dates with Michael.
因为害怕这幅画会吓到自己的新恋人,克洛伊把这份充满离奇巧合的油画藏到了床底下,在跟迈克尔又交往了一段时间,克洛伊才鼓起勇气说起了这幅画。
Thankfully, he was not put off by the painting and they continued their relationship for a further 18 months until he proposed while they were holidaying in the south of France.
不过幸好,迈克尔没有被这幅画吓到,他们继续交往了18个月,后来在他们一起去法国南部度假的时候,迈克尔向克洛伊求婚。
Three years after they first met, Chloe and Michael married, and the painting now has pride of place in the living room of the couple's home in Worcester Park near Croydon in Surrey.
克洛伊和迈克尔在相识三年后结婚,而现在这副油画已经挂在这对新人位于萨里郡克里登市附近的伍斯特帕尔克公园的家中,画挂在了起居室最显眼的地方。
Chloe, a regulation manager for medical equipment, said: 'I had moved back to the UK after spending time working in Australia and the house needed brightening up.
克洛伊是一位医疗设备监管经理,她说到:“在澳洲工作了一段时间后我搬回英国,家里需要装饰。”
'I started painting some pictures to decorate the walls and I had a couple of ideas I wanted to incorporate. I wanted to create an image of a couple at nighttime but I didn't really have any set ideas, I just did what felt natural.
“我就开始画画装饰墙壁,我有很多想法想要融合在一起,我想创作一份恋人在夜间的图画,但我没有什么固定的想法,只是想随性而作。”
'I painted kisses coming off the trees so it looked romantic but the facial features on the people I actually added in last, I didn't intend for it to look like me with anyone.
“我画了从树上脱落的吻,看起来非常浪漫,不过画中人的面部表情其实是我最后加上去的,我也没打算让画中人看起来像我和任何人在一起。”
'I didn't hang it up, I just left it in a pile in the corner of my lounge for weeks and forgot about it but after a night out with Michael I realised he looked just like the man.
“画我也没有挂起来,我就是把它搁在休息室的角落里放了好几周,都差不多要忘记了。但有一天晚上和迈克尔约会的时候,我意识到他很像画中的男人。”
'He was due to come over to my house and I thought that if he saw the picture he would think I was a stalker and a bit weird, so I hid it under my bed.
“本来他在那几天打算来我家拜访的,但我怕他如果看到这幅画,会以为我跟踪他,实在有点奇怪所以我把画藏到了床底下。”
'About a week later I mustered up the courage to show him and although he looked a bit confused, he saw the funny side when I explained what had happened.
“大概一周后我鼓起勇气给他看了这幅画,虽然他看起来有点疑惑,但后来我跟他解释了事情的经过,他觉得很有趣。”
'Now we have hung the picture up on the wall in the lounge and all our friends called Michael "The man in the painting". I never would have thought I'd have predicted my husband and I don't normally believe in that sort of thing, but I suppose it must be fate.'
“现在我们把画挂在了休息室的墙上,所有的朋友都管迈克尔叫‘画中人’。我从来没有想过自己会预言未来丈夫的长相,我自己也不相信这种事儿,不过我猜这一定是命中注定吧。”
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以下是小编为大家整理的不可数名词的用法,希望能帮助大家更好地认识不可数名词的用法,提高英语水平。
1)物质名词
a. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,名词可数。
This factory produces steel.(不可数)
We need various steels.(可数)
b. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时。
比较:Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数)
These cakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数)
c. 当物质名词表示份数时,可数。
Our country is famous for tea.
我国因茶叶而闻名。
Two teas, please.
请来两杯茶。
2) 抽象名词有时也可数。
the four modernizations四个现代化
four freedoms 四大自由
物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量。
如:
a glass of water 一杯水
a piece of advice一条建议
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摘要:新的研究证明心理学家们搞错了——在婚姻中,一对夫妻相处最不愉快也最容易关系破裂的时间是第十年。
The seven year itch is the psychological theory that happiness in couples starts to deteriorate after seven years together, increasing the chances of a break-up.
The phrase became world-famous after Marilyn Monroe starred in a film of the same name in 1955, where she plays an attractive actress who becomes the focus of a married man's affections.
心理学认为七年之痒是幸福夫妻在七年的相处之后关系开始恶化,并且可能导致关系破裂的一道坎。
是七年之痒还是十年之痒
这个词语在1955年玛丽莲·梦露(Marilyn Monroe)主演的同名电影后闻名于世。在该片中,梦露饰演了一位被已婚男子深深着迷的富有魅力的女演员。
But new research shows that psychologists got it wrong - the point in a marriage when a couple is most unhappy, therefore most likely to stray, is actually the ten-year mark.
但是新的研究证明心理学家们搞错了——在婚姻中,一对夫妻相处最不愉快也最容易关系破裂的时间是第十年。
A study involving more than 2000 women born between 1957 and 1964 questioned their feelings about their marriage over 35 years.
该项研究由超过2000名出生于1957和1964年之间的妇女共同参与,主要询问她们关于在逾35年的婚姻生活中的感受。
During the interviews, students at Brigham Young University in Utah found that in two thirds of marriages, happiness started at high levels but then steadily declined.
在采访中,来自美国犹他州(Utah)杨百翰大学(Brigham Young University)的学生们发现三分之二的婚姻在刚开始时幸福值很高,但是之后就逐渐下降了。
Women revealed themselves to be most unhappy in their relationships after ten years together.
妇女们透露她们在婚姻关系中最不愉快的时期是相处十年之后。
Researchers suggest that this point coincides with when the females are juggling the biggest workloads both in household chores and childcare.
研究人员认为这一时期也正好与女性最忙碌的时期相吻合。在此阶段,女性面临沉重的负担,一边要处理家务一边还要照顾小孩。
But these levels of discord are short-lived, just five years later, women began to argue much less with their partners.
不过这种不和谐是短暂的,再过五年,女性和丈夫的争吵又会大大减少。
Those who managed to stay together for more than three decades found that their levels of happiness began to grow again, although for most it never reached the same levels as when they first got married.
那些成功与同伴在一起超过30年的女性发现她们的幸福水平又重新开始增长起来了,虽然这无法达到她们刚结婚时的水平。
Couples at this stage in their relationship also argued less than they had at any point in their marriage.
处于该阶段的夫妻的争吵量要比婚姻中的任何一阶段都要少。
The researchers linked this upwards turn in emotion with the point when a couple's children reached the age of financial independence.
研究人员认为这一时间段感情升温的原因与他们的子女达到了经济独立的年纪有关联。
In 12 years, my wife and I have covered a lot of ground.
We were married before I graduated college. Pregnant with our first child shortly after. I finished college. New baby. Two miscarriages. Four more children. When the youngest was born, we had five children under 8 years old.
我和我的妻子已经从婚姻生活中学到了很多内容。
我们是在我大学毕业之前结婚。婚后不久我的妻子就怀上了我们的第一个孩子。我大学毕业那年孩子顺利出生了,之前经历了两次流产,又生了四个孩子。最小的孩子出生时,我们有了5个8岁以下的孩子。
Owned four homes. Rented a house and an apartment somewhere in between. Five different jobs with four different companies. Lived in four cities. In many ways, life has been on fast-forward. We've been drinking from a fire hose.
拥有过四个家,租过一个房子、租过一间公寓。在四家公司做过五份工作,在四个城市居住过。在生活的许多方面,日子就这样一天天地过着。我们一直饮用消防水带中的水。
In the course of these 12 years, we've learned a great deal. About ourselves. About each other. About the importance of marriage. And why it's worth fighting for.
在这12年的光阴里,我们都学到了很多东西,无论是自身还是彼此,懂得了婚姻的重要性,和值得为之奋斗的原因。
We were young, in love and ready for marriage when we said yes in our early twenties. But that doesn't necessarily mean we were prepared. 12 years later, here are 12 things that have been clarified for us in our marriage:
我们都还年轻,在我们二十出头的青葱岁月就坠入爱河,准备步入婚姻的殿堂。但这并不一定就代表着我们做好了准备。在我们婚后12年的婚姻生活中,我们弄明白了12件事情:
1. 50/50 Expectations Lead to Disappointment.
1. 50/50的期望结果反而是失望。
For a season, we viewed marriage like it was a game. A competition. If I do this, you should do that. Meet me in the middle here, do a little more there. If you do 20 things, I'll do 20. That sort of game. But the true work is done when one of you can't get to the middle. When it's up to the other to go the extra mile. Maybe that ratio is 90/10 for a season if a spouse is sick, stressed, even depressed. Don't view marriage as a scorecard, someone always loses that way.
曾有一度我们都认为婚姻就像是一场游戏、一场竞争。如果我这样做,你就应该这样做。这里做完了,就在那多做一点。如果你做了20件事,我也要做20件事。就像这样的游戏。但在实际生活中你无法做完那一半。而需要对方多做一些。如果配偶生病、压力大、抑郁的时候,这个比例就是90/10。不要把婚姻当作记分卡,总有输的一方。
2. Keep Adventure Alive.
2. 保持冒险精神。
In my early days of dating Brooke, I pulled out all the stops. We went on long hikes, I made her candlelit dinners, I worked hard at the chase. When the years and responsibilities piled up, I let that fire die too many times. Fighting to keep adventure alive doesn't have to look like a trip to Paris; it could be a last-minute trip to a local hotel, a surprise baby sitter for the evening or even a simple handwritten note. Inject your marriage with adventure.
在我和布鲁克约会的最初阶段,我使出浑身解数。我们去远足,我为她办烛光晚餐,我对她紧追不放苦苦追求。随着年龄的增长和家庭责任的增加,我追求她的那股激情已经不多了。保持冒险精神并不需要像去巴黎旅游那样才算,可以是最后去一次一个当地的酒店,也可以是让保姆照顾孩子一晚,就连随手留个便条也算。让婚姻具有冒险精神。
3. Kiss Each Other First.
3. 先亲对方。
I'm imperfect at this, but I try to kiss Brooke first when I get home from work. Before I kiss our five kids. It's a small thing that points to a much bigger reality. For me to be a great dad, I have to be a great husband first. Otherwise, we'll become roommates who are collectively raising our kids.
我在这方面做得不够好,但我下班回家的时候,我试着会先吻布鲁克。之后我再亲我们的五个孩子。这件小事却能以小见大。对我来说,我要想成为一位好爸爸,就必须先成为一个好丈夫。否则,我们就像室友一样,共同抚养我们的孩子。
4. Grit Is Often The Best Description Of Love.
4. 勇气往往是爱的最好诠释。
It was easy to love Brooke when we were newlyweds. Easy for her to love me during seasons of comfort. But it's much more difficult to fight for love when you lose a baby. Or have a huge financial setback. Or confess a really ugly secret about yourself. Fairy tales are great for movies, but real life is more often confusing, chaotic and messy. Dig in when it gets hard.
在我们新婚阶段我爱着布鲁克她爱着我都是很容易做到的。但在你失去一个孩子后,再去争取爱这件事就变得比较困难。在金融方面有很大的挫折,不爱承认自己丑陋的秘密。童话故事总是发生在电影里,而现实生活却往往没那么美好,现实生活一团乱麻、混乱不堪,较真儿深究的话,更是没有头绪。
5. Real Life Happens In The Mundane.
5. 现实生活是在平凡中度过的。
Huge promotions, babies being born, buying the dream house. The peaks of marriage are great. However, most days are mundane. I've been guilty of missing the little moments while I work to make the big ones happen. I'm realizing that life happens in those little moments. I'm learning to love the journey every bit as much as the destination.
升职、孩子出生、买到理想的房子。婚姻的几个颠覆时刻是很美好的,但是大部分的日子却是在平凡中度过的。我一直努力去实现那些生活中的大事件,但却错过了生活中平凡的小幸福时光而心中满怀内疚。这些平凡的时光才算是生活。我试着爱上旅途的过程,旅途的过程和目的地一样重要。
6. Proximity Doesn't Equal Presence.
6. 单纯待在一起不代表关系亲密。
Getting home from work early, getting a sitter for a date and even taking a vacation alone are all great things. But physically being close isn't the same as being close emotionally. For me, most of the time that looks like staring at my iPhone instead of looking my wife in the eye. Being more concerned with my Twitter or Instagram feed than I am about hearing my wife's heart. When you have the ability to be together physically, be there emotionally as well.
下班后早回家,找保姆代孩子,自己和妻子出去约会,哪怕自己休假也都是很美好的时刻。两个人生活在一起不等于感情就有多么亲密。对我来说,貌似大部分时间我都盯着我的苹果手机,而忽视了妻子的存在。对自己的推特或Instagram这些社交媒体软件比较上心,不怎么在乎我妻子的感受。夫妻生活在一起时,也要让情感亲密起来。
7. Comparison Will Kill Your Joy.
7. 人比人气死人。
In an age of edited facades of other people's lives on Facebook and other outlets, it's easy to feel like your marriage sucks. Like you're getting lapped by the Jones family. When I begin to compare our money, house, kids' performance and marriage to others through a distant lens, I'm the one that loses. It robs my joy. There will always be others with more; don't play that game.
生活在脸书和其他社交媒体别人编辑过生活的时代里,很容易就会感觉自己的婚姻很糟透,像是在过着琼斯家的日子一样。在长焦镜头下,我开始和别人比金钱、比房子、比孩子成绩、比婚姻,比来比去感觉自己各方面都不行。把快乐也给比没了。总感觉别人的日子过得好,还是不要玩那样的游戏吧!
8. You'll Each Have The Opportunity To Throw It Away.
8. 都有过想要离婚的念头。
We all know the marriages that end in pain instead of celebration. Divorce instead of dancing at the 50th anniversary party. Brooke and I are realizing that some days it's far easier to give up than keep fighting. But each day, we keep choosing each other. We continue to be honest about where we fail each other. Because it's worth it.
我们都知道很多婚姻是以痛苦告终的。在结婚50周年聚会上会选择离婚来代替跳舞庆祝。我和布鲁克都意识到有些日子放弃婚姻比不停吵闹要容易得多。但是每次我们都不会放弃彼此。我们彼此坦诚相见,到底哪里让对方失望了。因为坚守婚姻是值得的。
9. Take Initiative For The Benefit Of The Other.
9. 主动为对方付出。
We talk often in our family about whether we're being givers or takers. Are we giving and serving? Or are we only taking and using? I'd argue that life is best lived when you're giving yourself away for the benefit of another.
我们家经常会讨论我们到底属于付出者呢,还是索取者。我们都付出了吗?还是我们都只是在索取而已?我认为最幸福的生活就是你为他人去做出牺牲和付出。
10. Live In Community.
10. 选择社区式的生活方式。
Marriage is hard and messy, but also beautiful and redeeming. Lived in isolation, you may be tempted to give up. But when surrounded with friends and family that know your strengths as well as your struggles, you realize you have.
婚姻艰难又麻烦,但是它同样很美好且有可取之处。自己偏安一隅,你可能会放弃婚姻。但与朋友和家人住得近,他们了解你的生活状态和生活处境,你会发现自己的婚姻确实也有美好之处。
11. Will You Forgive Me?
11. 你会原谅我吗?
Let's face it. In marriage, we fail each other more often than we'd like to admit. We tell a white lie, we forget a huge appointment, we get angry. There are a million other examples. Instead of shifting blame or dodging responsibility, marriages get stronger when you start to say "will you forgive me?" Even more than an "I'm sorry," this question leads to restoration and healing.
让我们面对现实吧!在婚姻中,我们要比想象中更令彼此失望。撒了一个善意的谎言,忘记重要约会,都会让我们生气。这类的例子可谓是不计其数。不要推卸责任或躲避责任,在你开始主动说“你会原谅我吗?”“对不起”这些话的时候,你的婚姻就会变得更牢固,彼此之间的裂痕会渐渐修复和愈合。
12. Love Wins.
12. 爱战胜了一切。
This list could be a mile long. I didn't touch on things like honesty, making time for dates and speaking highly of your spouse. But all the lists in the world won't keep your marriage strong if it lacks love. In the end, love wins. It conquers all. It removes doubt. It pushes through fear. It invites deeper purpose. Love wins.
爱的列表会列出一个很长的清单。我没有提诸如诚实、找时间约会和夸夸对方这类爱的表现。但是如果缺乏爱的话,全世界各种爱的清单都不会让你的婚姻变得牢固。最后,还是爱战胜了一切,爱消除了怀疑、排斥了恐惧,爱有着更深层次的目的。爱赢了一切。
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摘要:人们越来越发现基因——特别是与血清素相关的基因很可能对人们形成“世界观”有作用。所以来自英国埃塞克斯大学(University of Essex) 的Elaine Fox 和她的同事想知道基因是否在对积极或者消极事件的选择性注意上起一定的作用,从而影响“世界观”。
FOR some people in this world, the glass alwaysseems to be half-full. For others it is half-empty. Buthow someone comes to have a sunny disposition inthe first place is an interesting question.
在这个世界上,对于一些人来说,玻璃杯里的水似乎总是半满。对于另外一些人来说,玻璃杯里的水总是半空。但是乐观者是如何首先获得这种积极向上的天性的呢?这是个很有趣的问题。
It has been known for a long time that optimists seethe world selectively, mentally processing positivethings while ignoring negative ones, and that this outlook helps determine their health andwell-being. In recent years, it has also become clear that carriers of a particular version of aparticular gene are at higher risk than others of depression and attempted suicide when theyface traumatic events. The gene in question lies in a region of the genome that promotes theactivity of a second gene, which encodes a protein called the serotonin transporter. Serotoninis a messenger molecule that carries signals between nerve cells, and it is known to modulatemany aspects of human behaviour, although the details are complex and controversial. Thetransporter protein recycles serotonin back into the cell that produced it, making it availablefor reuse, but also reducing the amount in the junctions between cells and thus, it ispresumed, the strength of the signal.
长久以来人们知道,乐观者们选择性地看待这个世界,他们的心理处理那些积极的事情但是忽略那些消极的事情,人们还知道这种心态有利于乐观者们的健康和幸福。最近人们还清楚地发现对于有些携带某种特别形式的某种特别基因的人,他们在面对创伤性事件面前更加容易患上抑郁症,也更容易尝试自杀。这种特别的基因位于人类基因组的某个区域,这个区域激活第二种基因,而这第二种基因对所谓的血清素传输子进行蛋白质编码。血清素是一种信使分子,它传输神经细胞间的信号。人们还知道血清素调节人类行为的许多方面,尽管其中的细节很复杂而且对其解释也有争议。传输蛋白把血清素“回收”到产生它的细胞,使其能重复利用,但是这也减少了细胞间的节点数量,因此人们也认为减少了信号的强度。
It has looked increasingly likely, therefore, that genes—particularly those connected withserotonin—have a role to play in shaping a person’s outlook. So Elaine Fox and her colleaguesat the University of Essex, in Britain, wondered whether genes play a part in the selectiveattention to positive or negative material, with consequent effects on outlook.
因此,人们越来越发现基因——特别是与血清素相关的基因很可能对人们形成“世界观”有作用。所以来自英国埃塞克斯大学(University of Essex) 的Elaine Fox 和她的同事想知道基因是否在对积极或者消极事件的选择性注意上起一定的作用,从而影响“世界观”。
To find out, they took samples of DNA from about 100 people and then subjected these peopleto what is known as the dot-probe paradigm test to see how they reacted to different stimuli.In this test participants are briefly shown photographs that may be positive, negative orneutral in tone. They then have to press a keypad to indicate when a dot has appeared onthe screen. It has been found by experience that the more distracting an image is, the longer aperson takes to respond when the dot appears. That allowed Dr Fox and her team to discoverhow distracting particular people found particular images.
为了找出答案,他们采集了大约100人的DNA样品,然后对这些人进行所谓的点探测任务实验,以便观察他们对不同刺激的反应。在这个实验中,实验参与者们短暂地看一些照片,这些照片的“格调”可能是积极的、消极的或者中性的。然后当这些实验参与者们在屏幕上看到一个点出现后,必须按一下键盘。经验发现照片越是分散人的注意力,那么当点出现在屏幕上后,人们就需要更长的时间做出反应。这就让Fox博士和她的研究小组发现特定的人对特定的照片是如何被吸引的。
In a paper just published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B they report that, sureenough, gene-related variation caused a bias in attention towards positive and negativematerial. Some people had two “long” versions of the promoter gene (one inherited from eachparent), a combination that reduces the amount of serotonin in the junctions between nervecells. These individuals were biased towards positive images and away from negative ones. Bycontrast, those who had either a long and a short version of the gene, or two short versions(and thus, presumably, more serotonin in the junctions), did not have such protective biases.In other words, the optimists really did see the world differently.
在刚刚发表于《皇家学会学报B》(Proceedings of the Royal Society B)的文章中,他们报道说,与基因相关的变化肯定导致了人们对积极和消极事物注意力的偏爱。有些人具有两个“长”版本的启动子基因(遗传自双亲),这种组合减少了神经细胞节中血清素的含量。这些人偏爱积极的照片,而不喜欢消极的照片。相反,那些带有一长一短,或者两短“版本”启动子基因的人就没有这种保护性的偏爱,而这种基因组合可能使得神经节中的血清素含量更高。换句话说,乐观者们真地是以不同的方式看世界的。
Rose-tinted spectacles may be good for one’s health, as these results fit in with wider ideasabout how a tendency to look on the bright side of life is part of being resilient to stress.Those with short variants of this gene are expected to have an increased susceptibility tomood disorders following such stress. It is not all good news, though, for optimists. Becausethese results suggest that a person’s attitude to life is inherited, they serve as a stark warningto all buoyant optimists that trying to cheer the rest of the world up with nothing more than asmile and an effortlessly sunny disposition is doomed to failure.
积极的眼光可能对人的健康有好处,这些结果也和大众的观点相吻合, 那就是经常看到生活阳光的一面会有助于应付压力。而那些“短”版基因的人在这样的压力下可能更易受到情绪混乱的影响。然而,对于乐观者们来说,并非一切都是好消息。因为这些研究结果暗示一个人对待生活的态度可能来自于遗传,这对所有的乐观者们提供了一个严厉的警告:想仅仅依靠微笑和天生的积极性格让整个世界都高兴起来是注定不可行的。
拒绝心情不快,时刻神采飞扬。别让问题堆积如山,一个一个着手解决。做时间的主人,以自己喜欢的方式简单地生活。
不要沉湎于错误和失望中难以自拔,有时它们是生活不可或缺的组成部分,学会从中吸取教训,下次做得更好。
Hi, welcome to our latest i ssue at Faith Radio Online-Simply to Relax, I’m Faith. I thank you fordropping by today, and I hope that you're able to find something here that's interesting, useful,and informative! Today, I would like to share with you the motto for a positive outlook. Takegood care, and enjoy this i ssue!
Refuse to be unhappy, be cheerful instead. Refuse to let your troubles multiply, just takethem one by one. Organize your time, keep your life simple and exactly the way you want it.
Refuse to complain about things, learn to improve your surroundings and create your worldthe way you believe it should be.
Refuse to dwell on the mistakes or disappointments that are sometimes a part of life, insteadlearn how you can make things better.
Be optimistic. Be energetic and positive about the things you do, and always hope for thebest.
You’re listening to Faith Radio Online-Simply to Relax, I’m Faith. Believe in yourself at all timesand in all aspects of your life. Before you know it, those wonderful dreams you have believed inall your life will come true, and your life will be the happy and successful life that it was meant tobe.
大家好,欢迎收听Faith轻松电台的最新一期节目,我是Faith。首先谢谢大家今天的到访,希望你们觉得我们的节目有意义,有价值,有知识性!今天,我想和大家一起分享一些积极人生座右铭, 希望你们喜欢!
拒绝心情不快,时刻神采飞扬。别让问题堆积如山,一个一个着手解决。做时间的主人,以自己喜欢的方式简单地生活。
不要抱怨,学习如何改善环境,创造你的理想世界。
不要沉湎于错误和失望中难以自拔,有时它们是生活不可或缺的组成部分,学会从中吸取教训,下次做得更好。
保持乐观。保持旺盛精力和积极心态,追求完美。
您正在收听的是Faith轻松电台,我是Faith。相信自己,时时刻刻,事事处处。等你明白这一切,生命中的美好愿望都将实现。生活将如你所愿,快乐幸福并且成功。
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摘要:测试一下你属于男性大脑还是女性大脑:测试结果可能会让你大吃一惊,不过它可以某种层面上阐述你的个性哦。
The tests that show if you've got a male or female brain: The answer may surprise you - and explain your personality
Sit down for a moment. Relax. Then clasp your hands together so your fingers entwine — don’t overthink it! Now look at your thumbs. Which one is on top — the left one or the right?
测试一下你属于男性大脑还是女性大脑:测试结果可能会让你大吃一惊,不过它可以某种层面上阐述你的个性哦。
坐下,放松,然后随意双手十指交叉,注意不要刻意安排哦。看看你的哪个拇指在上——左手还是右手?
If you are a man, the odds are it will be the left; if you are a woman, it is more likely to be the right. Now unfold your hands and take a look at your fingers, in particular your index finger (next to your thumb) and your ring finger (next to your little finger).
如果你是男人,左手就会在上,如果你是女人,右手就会在上。现在把双手张开,注意看一下食指和无名指。
This is the stuff of jokes and self-help books — but it is also shown to be true through science. The question is, do these tendencies result from nature — with the biological gender we are born with deciding our interests and personalities — or do they result from nurture, with society and upbringing creating the differing ways that men and women behave?
这类书籍属于休闲娱乐类书籍,但经科学证明也真实可信。问题在于这些倾向源于自然还是社会环境影响?我们的爱好和个性取决于与生俱来的生物性别还是后天培养?社会环境和教养方式不同,男性和女性的表现行为各异吗?
The BBC series Horizon asked Professor Alice Roberts and me to investigate. We started from very different positions.
我和爱丽丝•罗伯茨教授为BBC系列节目《地平线》进行调查研究这项工作,我们从不同的位置开始调查研究。
Alice thinks apparent brain differences between the sexes have been exaggerated by how our culture treats boys and girls. In the programme she carries out fascinating tests to prove her point, such as dressing up little boys as girls and vice versa and watching how people treat them.
爱丽丝认为大脑性别的明显差异夸大了我们对男孩和女孩文化的观点。在项目中做了有趣的测试来证明她的观点,比如,把小男孩打扮成小女孩,把小女孩打扮成小男孩,观察人们对性别互换的孩子们的看法。
Almost immediately, the girls start rough-housing and playing with trucks, while the boys are treated far more gently by the adults around them.
女孩们马上开始玩积木和卡车玩具,而男孩们则由成人温柔地呵护着。
She argues that parents’ unconscious actions — such as being gentler with girls and letting boys behave more roughly — often mould children into men and women who embody gender stereotypes.
她认为父母无意识的行为:对女孩很温和,对男孩们则比较放得开,正如男孩子女孩子日常被塑造的刻板印象。
While I agree that lots of wild generalisations about men and women are bandied around, I also think there may be something in claims that our fundamental biology influences how we behave.
虽然我同意关于男人和女人的很多草率概括,我也认为可能有些基本生物学影响着我们的行为。
Professor Simon Baron-Cohen, an expert on the brain who I visited at Cambridge University, has done a lot of pioneering work on this. He believes, broadly, that people of whatever gender fall somewhere along a ‘systemiser’ to ‘empathiser’ spectrum.
大脑专家西蒙·巴伦科恩教授在剑桥大学做了许多开创性的工作。他认为从很大程度上无论是性别的“逻辑性”还是“同情性”都越来越不够明显。
Systemisters are people who enjoy breaking down and analysing systems.
系统逻辑性的人具有分解和分析的特质。
They are more likely to become train spotters or computer scientists.
他们更有可能成为火车的监察员或计算机科学家。
They are what he has called ‘male brained’ — as these qualities occur most frequently, but far from exclusively, in men.
他们的大脑属于所谓的“男性脑”,这些特质的表现最为频繁,但在男性身上却远远不止这些特质。
Empathisers, on the other hand, are more typically ‘female’ brained as they are more typically women.
“女性”的脑部表现出移情性,因为这个特质在女性身上更为典型。
Although there are exceptions, most men — when tested — come out as more ‘systemising’ than ‘empathising’, while for women it is the other way round.
虽然也有例外,但是经测试大多数男人的特质偏“系统性”,而女性则表现出“移情性”的特质。
A number of studies have shown that the greater the difference between the length of the ring finger and the index finger, the more ‘male’ your brain is likely to be.
大量的研究表明,无名指与食指的长度差得越大,越偏向“男性”大脑。
As you can imagine, this is a controversial area of science. Professor Baron-Cohen does these studies because he is interested in autism, which he describes as an extreme version of the male brain — more interested in systems and often struggling with empathy.
可以想象,这是一个有争议的科学领域。巴伦·科恩教授做这些研究工作,因为他对自闭症感兴趣,他将其形容为一种极端版本的男性大脑——对系统性更感兴趣,常常在同理心上表现得差些。
A while ago, when I was making a programme called Pleasure And Pain, we did a survey where we asked people which of the sexes they thought was better at tolerating pain — 81 per cent of women said ‘women’, while a mere 11 per cent thought men were the tougher breed.
前一段时间,我在做一个叫做“快乐和痛苦”的项目,我们做了一个调查,我们让人们给出他们认为善于容忍痛苦的性别,81%的人都认为“女性”善于容忍痛苦,只有11%的人认为男性具有较为强硬的特质。
Although men were more inclined to give themselves the benefit of the doubt, the majority, 54 per cent, still agreed ‘women’ were more stoical. But is this right?
54%的男性比较坚定地同意“女人”更加善于容忍痛苦。但这个结果正确吗?
One way to find out is to get male and female volunteers to take part in a cold water immersion test.
一种方法是让男性和女性志愿者参加一个冷水浸泡试验。
This is a standard pain test widely used because it causes acute pain without doing any long-term damage (as long as you don’t do it for more than 15 minutes).
这种测试方法是被广泛使用的标准痛苦测试法,因为它会引起剧烈的疼痛感,只要不超过15分钟就没有任何长期性损害。
In this test, you put your hand in a bucket of ice-cold water and see how long you can keep it there before the pain becomes intolerable.
在这个测试中,把手放在一桶冰冷的冰水中,看你能忍受多久。
I’ve done it a couple of times and oddly enough after the initial shock it doesn’t actually feel cold; below about 3 degrees Celsius your pain receptors overwhelm your temperature receptors so you are no longer able to tell if the water is hot or freezing.
我做了几次,奇怪的是最初有些疼痛难忍,之后实际上并不觉得冷,在大约3摄氏度以下的水温条件下,疼痛受体变麻木,所以不再能够感知水的冷热温度。
All you know is that it is incredibly painful.
你只知道,这种痛苦非常难以忍受。
When this test is done in a laboratory setting, men almost always outlast women. This may be pure machismo, but Professor Jeff Mogil of McGill University, Montreal, thinks there is more to it.
当这个测试在实验室环境中完成,男人几乎总是比女性持续的时间长,表现出纯粹的男子汉英雄气概。
A couple of years ago, I was in a large military hospital in Afghanistan, filming a series called Frontline Medicine for the BBC. I saw a number of soldiers, male and female, with serious head injuries.
几年前,英国广播公司拍摄一系列前沿医学,我在阿富汗一个大的军事医院。我看到许多士兵,男女士兵都有头部遇到严重受伤的情况。
I was told that the women were likely to make a better recovery than the men.Why? It may be, in part, because women have higher levels of progesterone.Progesterone is best known as a female hormone, involved in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, but it is also important for the development of neurones — the cells that carry messages in the brain.
有人告诉我,女性可能比男性恢复地好。为什么?部分原因可能是因为女性的孕酮水平较高。孕酮即女性荷尔蒙,月经周期和怀孕都与女性荷尔蒙有关,但神经元的发育——在大脑中携带信息同样重要的细胞。
Animal studies and a few small human trials have shown that giving progesterone soon after suffering a brain injury improves survival and recovery.
对动物和人体的一些小的试验研究表明,在脑损伤后注射黄体酮恢复效果很快。
This, I think, is why researching gender differences is worth doing.
我认为这就是对性别差异做研究的值得所在。
It is not because it will help us understand why men struggle to remember their children’s birthdays or why there are fewer female darts players, but because it may help us find more effective ways to tackle disease.
并不是因为它有助于我们理解:为什么男人很难记住孩子的生日?为什么女性飞镖运动员越来越少?而是因为它可以帮助我们找到更有效的方法来治疗疾病。
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摘要:如果在路上看到一位老人摔倒,你扶还是不扶?这本来是一个非常简单的选择,但现在对很多人来说却是对价值观、人生观的巨大考验,因为伸出援手之后等待你的有可能是知恩图报,也有可能是恩将仇报。那到底老人跌倒扶还是不扶?
A strange, new dilemma faces Chinese pedestrians: should youhelp an elderly person who has fallen into the street?
中国行人面临一个奇怪的困境:到底该不该帮助倒在马路上的老人?
The answer seems simple. Your conscience compels you to help someone in danger.
答案似乎显而易见。良知告诉我们,应该帮助有困难的人。
But many Chinese are discovering that some of these injured people are scammers. They accusegood Samaritans of having knocked them over in the first place, and they lodge complaints inhopes of receiving large amounts of compensation.
但是很多国人却发现一些伤者其实是骗子。他们讹诈好心人把自己撞倒,倒打一耙,进而索取高额赔偿。
There are frequent reports on such incidents and ensuing disputes. On Sept 8, a new casehappened in Huainan, Anhui province.
类似报道层出不穷。9月8日,安徽省淮南市发生了一起新的事件。
老人跌倒扶还是不扶
Yuan Chen, a 20-year-old college student from Huainan Normal University, claimed that shehelped an injured elderly woman on the street. But the woman’s family has demanded that Yuantake full responsibilities for the injuries, The Beijing News reported.
《新京报》消息,淮南师范大学20岁学生袁宸称自己帮助了一位在马路上受伤的老奶奶,但是老人的家人却要她为老人的受伤负全责。
Since the incident happened in the security cameras’ blind spot, both sides are looking forwitnesses to clear their names. The local police department is also investigating the case.
由于事故发生在监控盲区,双发都在寻找证人。当地公安局也在调查该事件。
But how can you possibly solve a case like this, where the only evidence comes from twoconflicting viewpoints?
不过在这种两方各执一词,证据也只是双方证词的情况下,如何解决纠纷?
“This kind of cases should follow the principle of ‘the burden of proof lies with the person makingthe claim’,” Ye Lin, a law professor from Renmin University of China, told China Central Television.
中国人民大学法学院教授叶林告诉中国中央电视台:“这类案件需要遵循‘谁主张,谁举证’的原则”。
The burden of proof means the collection of proof or evidence. In civil cases, “if you accusesomeone of causing you harm or losses, you should collect convincing proof to back your claim,”said Ye. “If you cannot do that, the law will not be able to support your claim.”
举证责任就是收集证据的意思。在民事案件中,“如果你指控他人对你造成伤害或损失,你就要收集支持自己诉讼的证据,”叶林教授说,“如果你无法举证,那么法律将无法支持你的诉讼请求。”
The law may not resolve all the problems, however. Some elderly people choose to blackmail theirhelpers because they do not have health insurance. To prevent this, the country needs to put inplace a better social security net, China Youth Daily noted.
法律不是万能的。一些老人选择讹诈那些帮助他们的好心人,是因为他们没有医疗保险。为了避免类似事件,国家需要完善社会保险体系,《中国青年报》评论到。
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摘录:梦想还是要有的,万一实现了呢。
I don’t know what that dream is that you have. I don’t care how disappointing it might be as you’re working toward that dream. But that dream that you’re holding in your mind – it’s possible. Some of you already know that it’s hard. It’s not easy. It’s hard changing your life. In the process of chasing your dreams, you are going to incur a lot of disappointment, a lot of failure, a lot of pain.
我不知道你有什么样的梦。我也不在乎你在逐梦之时它曾令你有多沮丧。但我要告诉你,你心中所坚持的那个梦,它是有可能实现的。你们中有的人应该也已经知道要实现它很难。的确并不容易。要改变你的人生,这很难。在逐梦的过程中,你们会遇到各种各样的困难,沮丧,失败,痛苦。
There will be moments when you are going to doubt yourself. You’ll say, “Why? Why is this happening to me? I’m just trying to take care of my children, and my mother. I’m not trying to steal or rob from anybody. How did this have to happen to me?” For those of you who have experienced some hardships – don’t give up on your dream. The rough times are gonna come, but they will not stay, they will come to pass.
有时候你会怀疑你自己。你会问:“为什么?为什么这事会发生在我身上?我只是想照顾我的孩子,我的母亲。我并没想过要去偷和抢。为什么这事一定要发生在我身上?”遭遇过困难的你们,请别放弃你们的梦。糟糕的日子总会来,但不会停留太长,并终究会过去。
Many of you fail to seek your purpose in life and you should. You dream and then follow it up with a list of all the reasons why the dream is unachievable. You fill your life with excuses and "I can't." Many great companies were conceived from a dream, nurtured in a garage or basement and grew to be traded on the New York Stock Exchange. Why not you? Why not your dream? The only true limits you experience in life are those you create or those you allow others to impose upon you. If you can dream it, you can do it!
你们许多人在一生中或许会有找不到人生目标的时候,这很正常。你追求自己的梦,跟着出现一大堆告诉你这梦不可能实现的理由。你开始为自己的人生找各种借口,告诉自己“我不行。” 很多大公司都是由一个梦演变而来,从车库或地下室里发展成为纽约交易所的上市公司。为什么不是你?为什么不是你的梦?你在人生路上所遇到的那些障碍都是你自己设置的,要么就是你让他人施加在你身上的。梦想还是要有的,万一实现了呢!
Dreaming is the easy part. Acting on the dream is harder. Recognize that a dream is a journey. On the simplest level, it takes commitment, time, desire, and courage. But rarely is something great easily realized. Dreaming is recognizing and embracing the potential for greatness and seeking it in all areas of your life. Believe in your dreams and your ability to accomplish them. Keep your dreams in front of you. I'm here to challange you to reach for your dream. Do not be afraid to dream. Never forget, if you can dream it, you can do it!
做梦很容易,为梦而行才难。要知道,一个梦就是一段旅程。最简单地说,这梦需要你做出承诺,付出时间,坚定渴望,以及拥有勇气。道理很简单,却很少有人懂。梦就是要你意识到并拥抱生活中所有可能的美好。相信你的梦,相信自己能实现它。让它带领你。不要忘记,梦想还是要有的,万一实现了呢!
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摘要:许多事业有成的女子都哀叹,想要找到一个和自己经济水平、社会地位、受教育程度都相当的意中人实在太难。《华尔街日报》最近的一篇专栏文章则提供了一些建议,可供参考。
Many successful professional women bemoan the difficulty of finding a husband matching their wealth, social status and education. A recent Wall Street Journal column offers them something to think about.
The article discusses the upsides of “marrying down”, saying today’s ambitious women need partners who are collaborators rather than traditional breadwinners.
许多事业有成的女子都哀叹,想要找到一个和自己经济水平、社会地位、受教育程度都相当的意中人实在太难。《华尔街日报》最近的一篇专栏文章则提供了一些建议,可供参考。
这篇文章认为“下嫁”也许是个不错的选择,因为在今天,雄心勃勃的女性更需要一个善于“合作”的伴侣,而非传统意义上“养家糊口”的丈夫。
Marrying down refers to a woman who marries a man who makes less money or is less educated. The notion of marrying down seems impossibly antiquated, says Sonya Rhodes, a couples therapist and writer of The Wall Street Journal column. It is right out of the Downton Abbey era, says Rhodes, where suitable marriages were entirely a matter of matching people according to social class and fortune.
此处的“下嫁”是指女性与收入或受教育程度不如自己的男性结婚。而在婚姻治疗师、《华尔街日报》撰稿人桑亚•罗兹的眼中,这个概念早已过时。早在英国乡绅贵族鼎盛的“唐顿”时代,一桩婚姻合不合适,才完全依对方的社会地位与身家财产而定。
女性到底要高攀还是下嫁
The notion that women should marry up endured well into the 20th century when relatively few high-paying jobs were available to women and the most successful breadwinners were considered the most desirable mates. But the education and job market has been changing since then. More women are graduating from college and graduate school than men.
而“高攀”的观念之所以在二十世纪一直深入人心,是因为当时的女性很难获得高薪工作,因此最会赚钱养家的男性会被视为最令人满意的伴侣。但是,现在教育和工作机会与昔日相比早已大不相同,每年从高中和大学毕业的女孩甚至比男孩还要多。
In the US, Pew Research Center reported earlier this year that for the first time, “the share of couples in which the wife is the one ‘marrying down’ educationally is higher than those in which the husband has more education.” In 2012, the report notes, 27 percent of newlywed women married a spouse with less education, while only 15 percent of newlywed men did the same.
皮尤研究中心今年早些时候的报告则显示,在美国,妻子受教育程度更高的婚姻比例已经首次超过了丈夫受教育更高的婚姻比例。报告显示,2012年,有27%的美国新婚夫妇,其妻子受教育程度超过了丈夫,而只有15%的夫妇,其丈夫的受教育程度更高。
China is experiencing a similar situation. Statistics released by the Ministry of Education in 2013 showed that in the past three years, more women have been graduating with a master’s degree than men and the gap has been widening.
中国的情况也与之相似:教育部2013年公布的数据显示,在过去的三年间,硕士毕业的女性数量一直高于男性,而二者间的人数差距还在逐年增大。
Suitable match
Although more education doesn’t necessarily lead to higher pay, in most US cities, single women under 30 now make more money than their male peers, according to analysis by research firm Reach Advisors. Most strikingly, Pew has found that in 24 percent of marriages, women earn more than their husbands, up from 6.2 percent in 1960.
尽管高学历并不一定带来高收入,但是,美国研究机构触角顾问分析发现,在美国的大多数城市里,30岁以下单身女性的收入都高于同龄男性。在皮尤中心的报告中,更令人惊讶的是,有24%的夫妇,其妻子的收入都高于丈夫,而1960年这一比例只有6.2%。
But in real life, says Rhodes, when a successful woman “marries down”, rather than receiving blessings she will be told that she should have found someone more her equal.
但是,罗兹也说道,在现实生活里,如果一个成功的女性选择“下嫁”,那么她将很难得到祝福,相反,更多的人会告诉她:你应该找一个更好的人,才配得上你。
But “marrying down” has its benefits. Rhodes says that for most strong, successful women, the alpha male isn’t the best match. Rhodes says two dominant personalities often engage in power struggles. Confident, dominant women need collaborative partners who aren’t threatened by their strength and will support their goals and achievements, says Rhodes. These men can follow as well as lead. They work but aren’t workaholics. They are willing to share more responsibilities of family life.
不过,“下嫁”也有下嫁的好处。罗兹说:对于一个强势、成功的女性而言,选择一个同样优秀的另一半并不是最合适的。因为,如果两个人控制欲都很强,就会很容易陷入权力的斗争中。相反,自信且控制欲强的女性需要一个“合作型”的伴侣,他们不会因为女方的强势而感到威胁,反而会支持妻子实现她们的人生目标。这样的男性,能屈能伸:他们有自己的工作,却不是工作狂;他们愿意分担更多的家庭责任。
But perhaps the most important lesson when it comes to romance is that we shouldn’t be concerned about marrying up or down, we should just marry the right person.
但说到底还是:“高攀”诚可贵,“低就”价亦高,若为爱情故,二者皆可抛。
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活得热烈活得丰富,还是只是简单存在,这就全在我们自己。但愿我们都能不断扩展和增强我们的各种联系。只要一天我们活着,就要一天是在活着。下面是读文网小编为大家带来的双语散文欣赏:生存还是毁灭,希望大家喜欢!
Outside the Bible, these six words are the most famous in all the literature of the world. They were spoken by Hamlet when he was thinking aloud, and they are the most famous words in Shakespeare because Hamlet was speaking not only for himself but also for every thinking man and woman. To be or not to be, to live or not to live, to live richly and abundantly and eagerly, or to live dully and meanly and scarcely. A philosopher once wanted to know whether he was alive or not, which is a good question for everyone to put to himself occasionally. He answered it by saying: "I think, therefore am."
But the best definition of existence ever saw did another philosopher who said: "To be is to be in relations." If this true, then the more relations a living thing has, the more it is alive. To live abundantly means simply to increase the range and intensity of our relations. Unfortunately we are so constituted that we get to love our routine. But apart from our regular occupation how much are we alive? If you are interest-ed only in your regular occupation, you are alive only to that extent. So far as other things are concerned--poetry and prose, music, pictures, sports, unselfish friendships, politics, international affairs--you are dead.
Contrariwise, it is true that every time you acquire a new interest--even more, a new accomplishment--you increase your power of life. No one who is deeply interested in a large variety of subjects can remain unhappy; the real pessimist is the person who has lost interest.
Bacon said that a man dies as often as he loses a friend. But we gain new life by contacts, new friends. What is supremely true of living objects is only less true of ideas, which are also alive. Where your thoughts are, there will your live be also. If your thoughts are confined only to your business, only to your physical welfare, only to the narrow circle of the town in which you live, then you live in a narrow cir-conscribed life. But if you are interested in what is going on in China, then you are living in China~ if you’re interested in the characters of a good novel, then you are living with those highly interesting people, if you listen intently to fine music, you are away from your immediate surroundings and living in a world of passion and imagination.
To be or not to be--to live intensely and richly, merely to exist, that depends on ourselves. Let widen and intensify our relations. While we live, let live!
“生存还是毁灭。”如果把《圣经》除外,这六个字便是整个世界文学中最有名的六个字了。这六个字是哈姆雷特一次喃喃自语时说的,而这六个字也就成了莎士比亚作品中最有名的几个字了,因为这里哈姆雷特不仅道出了他自己的心声,同时也代表了一切有思想的男男女女。是活还是不活——是要生活还是不要生活,是要生活得丰满充实,兴致勃勃,还是只是活得枯燥委琐,贫乏无味。一位哲人一次曾想弄清他自己是否是在活着,这个问题我们每个人也大可不时地问问我们自己。这位哲学家对此的答案是: “我思故我在。”
但是关于生存我所见过的一条最好的定义却是另一位哲学家下的:“生活即是联系。”如果这话不假的话,那么一个有生命者的联系越多,它也就越有生气。所谓要活得丰富充实也即是要扩大和加强我们的各种联系。不幸的是,我们往往会因为天性不够丰厚而容易陷入自己的陈规旧套。试问除去我们的日常工作,我们的真正生活又有多少?如果你只是对你的日常工作才有兴趣,那你的生趣也就很有限了。至于在其它事物方面,比如诗歌、散文、音乐、美术、体育、无私的友谊、政治与国际事务,等等——你只是死人一个。
但反过来说,每当你获得一种新的兴趣——甚至一项新的造诣——你就增长了你的生活本领。一个能对许许多多事物都深感兴趣的人是不可能总不愉快的,真正的悲观者只能是那些丧失兴趣的人。
培根曾讲过,一个人失去朋友即是死亡。但是凭着交往,凭着新朋,我们就能获得再生。这条对于活人可谓千真万确的道理在一定程度上也完全适用于人的思想,它们也都是活的。你的思想所在,你的生命便也在那里。如果你的思想不出你的业务范围,不出你的物质利益,不出你所在城镇的狭隘圈子,那么你的一生便也只是多方受着局限的狭隘的一生。但是如果你对当前中国那里所发生的种种感到兴趣,那么你便可说也活在中国;如果你对一本佳妙小说中的人物感到兴趣,你便是活在一批极有趣的人们中间;如果你能全神贯注地听点好的音乐,你就会超脱出你的周围环境而活在一个充满激情与想象的神奇世界之中。
生存还是毁灭——活得热烈活得丰富,还是只是简单存在,这就全在我们自己。但愿我们都能不断扩展和增强我们的各种联系。只要一天我们活着,就要一天是在活着。
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之所以有这样的讨论,重要原因在于,很多同学认为文章中的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个单词对于阅读理解而言都同等重要。是不是这样呢?我们一起来看一个雅思考试中所出现的段落。
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摘要:当你遇到那个“对的人”,你自然而然会知道的,对吧?这就是别人一直告诉我们的:某一天、某种场合,你总会遇到那个一拍即合的另一半,而你非常确信他就是你的灵魂伴侣。
When you meet the right guy, you’ll just know it, right? That’s what we’ve always been told. Somehow, some way, we’ll meet a guy, and it’ll just “click” for us. We’ll be completely sure we’ve found our soul mate.
If that were the case, wouldn’t finding a husband be really easy? Wouldn’t we be able to avoid heartbreak and bad relationships because we’d automatically know in our gut this guy was or wasn’t the one for us?
当你遇到那个“对的人”,你自然而然会知道的,对吧?这就是别人一直告诉我们的:某一天、某种场合,你总会遇到那个一拍即合的另一半,而你非常确信他就是你的灵魂伴侣。
他的爱是一时还是一世
如果真是这样,那么找到你的丈夫岂不是太容易了?如果我们凭直觉就能知道这个男人是不是适合自己,那岂不是可以避免分手的心碎和烂桃花的烦恼?
Sometimes, it’s not all so cut and dry. It’s very confusing to know if your boyfriend is going to be THE boyfriend. What if your feelings just haven’t gotten there yet? What if you dump this guy and end up regretting it?
有时,不是所有的恋爱都已成定局。你很难知道现在的男朋友是不是永远的男朋友。要是你们之间的感情不能走到最后怎么办?要是你抛弃了本该是“对的人”的他,最后又后悔了怎么办?
I’m here to help you figure it out, don’t you worry. Here are 17 distinct differences between a “For Now” and a “Forever.”
别担心,我来帮你解决这个问题。以下就是男朋友对你“爱一时”和“爱一世”之间的17点显著差别。
1. A “For Now” gets drunk with you; a “Forever” takes you home when you get too drunk.
“爱一时”,他会和你一起酩酊大醉;“爱一世”,他会在你喝醉后带你回家。
The kind of guy who’s going to be with you forever should be able to see you at your worst. A guy who’s only staying through tomorrow won’t even help you with yourhangover.
要永远和你在一起的人应该能接受看到你最差的状态,爱你一时的人甚至不会帮你解决宿醉问题。
2. A “For Now,” you never feel truly comfortable with; a “Forever” makes you feel 100 percent like yourself.
“爱一时”:和他在一起你其实从没感觉自在过;“爱一世”:和他在一起你可以百分百做自己。
A man who’s the one for you doesn’t make you feel badly about farting or eating carbs, about cursing or about being over-the-top. He loves you just the way you are. A guy who’s only here for now will never get to that level with you, nor will he try to.
“爱一世”的男朋友不会在意你放屁、喝碳酸饮料、骂人或者说大话,他爱的就是真实的你;“爱一时”的男朋友和你在一起永远不会达到这种境界,他甚至连尝试都不愿意。
3. A “For Now” doesn’t even know your opinions; a “Forever” supports your dreams.
“爱一时”的男朋友甚至连你的想法都不知道;“爱一世”的男朋友支持你的梦想。
A guy who’s going to be with you forever respects you for your differences and valuesbecause he respects you. A guy who’s just here for the time being argues with you about your differences until they tear you apart.
“爱一世”的男朋友尊重你们之间的差异和你的价值观,因为他尊重你;“爱一时”的男朋友会因为分歧跟你争吵,直到你们因为分歧而分手。
4. A “For Now” only takes you out; a “Forever” is OK with staying in.
“爱一时”的男朋友只会带你出去;“爱一世”的男朋友愿意和你一起待在家里。
A man who’s going to be your “Forever” is fine with staying on the couch, enjoying your company. A guy who’s only semi-permanent wouldn’t know what to do with so few ritualactivities.
“爱一世”的男朋友愿意和你一起呆在沙发上,享受你的陪伴;而“爱一时”的他会因为没太多事做而感到不知所措。
5. A “For Now” texts you goodnight; a “Forever” calls you to say good morning.
“爱一时”,他会发短信跟你说晚安;“爱一世”,他会打电话跟你说早安。
A man who wants to be in your life forever is the one who calls because he wants to hear your voice. A guy who’s here for now can barely be bothered with a text. You want to be with a man who thinks of you the minute he wakes up.
“爱一世”的男人会打电话,因为他想听见你的声音;“爱一时”的男人连发短信都嫌麻烦。你会想和那个一醒了就想起你的人在一起的 。
6. A “For Now” fights over details; a “Forever” actually cares about the details.
“爱一时”因为小事就和你争吵;而“爱一世”在乎的就是那些小事。
A forever guy is one who wants to know the intimate details of your life and explore them with you. A for-now type of man is too busy being wrapped up in his own sh*t to care.
“爱一世”,他想知道并和你一起探索你生活中的细枝末节;“爱一时”,他忙于自己的事根本没时间关注你。
7. A “For Now” is a placeholder; a “Forever” has his place locked down.
“爱一时”的男朋友只是填补目前的空缺;“爱一世”的男朋友会锁定他在你心里的位置。
When you find “The One,” there isn’t any doubt anymore. You have to trust yourself to love. The other guy is just someone to occupy your time until the latter comes along to take his place.
当你找到“对的人”,就不会再有任何怀疑,你要相信自己的爱;“爱一时”的男朋友只是填补你的空窗期,直到“对的人”出现接替他的位置。
8. A “For Now” plans the night; a “Forever” plans the rest of your life.
“爱一时”的男朋友只为你们的夜晚做准备;“爱一世”的他计划你们的未来。
Your future husband is busy planning the years ahead of you. Your temporary boyfriend can’t see or commit himself past Saturday evening.
你未来的丈夫忙于比你提前计划你们的未来,而暂时的男朋友却看不到自己和你过来周六夜晚会怎样。
9. A “For Now” is replaceable; a “Forever” is certain.
“爱一时”的男朋友是可替代的;“爱一世”的男朋友只有一个。
When you find the man you could spend your life with, you know deep in your soul this is right. All of your boyfriends before, you’d always felt slightly uneasy about.
当你遇到可以共度一生的男人时,你在心灵深处就知道这是对的;而在这之前的历任男朋友,你都曾感觉多少有点不自在。
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