为您找到与BEC高级题型相关的共179个结果:
下面是读文网小编整理的BEC商务英语中高级必备词汇 A-M, 希望对大家有帮助。
abroad adv. 在国外,出国,广泛流传
absence n. 缺席,离开
absent adj. 不在,不参与
absenteeism n. (经常性)旷工,旷职
absorb v. 吸收,减轻(冲击、困难等)作用或影响
abstract n. 摘要
access n. 接近(或进入)的机会,享用权
v. 获得使用计算机数据库的权利
accommodation n. 设施,住宿
account n. 会计帐目
accountancy n. 会计工作
accountant n. 会计
accounts n. 往来帐目
account for 解释,说明
account executive n. (广告公司)客户经理
*accruals n. 增值,应计
achieve v. 获得或达到,实现,完成
acknowledge v. 承认,告知已收到(某物),承认某人
acquire v. 获得,得到
*acquisition n. 收购,被收购的公司或股份
acting adj. 代理的
activity n. 业务类型
actual adj. 实在的,实际的,确实的
adapt v. 修改,适应
adjust v. 整理,使适应
administration n. 实施,经营,行政
administer v. 管理,实施
adopt v. 采纳,批准,挑选某人作候选人
advertise v. 公布,做广告
ad n. 做广告,登广告
advertisement n. 出公告,做广告
advertising n. 广告业
after-sales service n. 售后服务
agenda n. 议事日程
agent n. 代理人,经纪人
allocate v. 分配,配给
amalgamation n. 合并,重组
ambition n. 强烈的欲望,野心
*amortise v. 摊还
analyse v 分析,研究
analysis n. 分析,分析结果的报告
analyst n. 分析家,化验员
annual adj. 每年的,按年度计算的
annual general meeting (AGM) 股东年会
anticipate v. 期望
anticipated adj. 期待的
appeal n. 吸引力
apply v. 申请,请求;应用,运用
applicant n. 申请人
application n. 申请,施用,实施
appointee n. 被任命人
appraisal n. 估量,估价
appreciate v. 赏识,体谅,增值
*appropriate v. 拨出(款项)
approve v. 赞成,同意,批准
aptitude n. 天资,才能
*arbitrage n. 套利交易 套汇 仲裁
arbitration n. 仲裁
*arrears n. 欠帐 到期未付款
assemble v. 收集,集合
assembly-line n. 装配线,流水作业线
assess v. 评定,估价
asset n. 资产
current asset n. 流动资产
fixed asset n. 固定资产
frozen asset n. 冻结资产
intangible assets n. 无形资产
liquid assets n. 速动资产
tangible assets n. 有形资产
assist v. 援助,协助,出席
audit n. 查账,审计 V. 稽查 查帐
automate v. 使某事物自动操作
average n. 平均,平均水准
awareness n. 意识;警觉
B
backing n. 财务支持,赞助
backhander n. 追加一杯酒 回扣 贿赂 bribe
*backlog n. 积压(工作或订货)
bad debt 死账(无法收回的欠款)
balance n. 收支差额,余额
balance of payments n. 贸易支付差额
balance sheet n. 资产负债表
bankrupt adj. 破产的
bankruptcy n. 破产
bank statement n. 银行结算清单(给客户的),银行对账单
bar chart n. 条形图,柱状图
bargain v. 谈判,讲价
base n. 基地,根据地
batch n. 一批,一组,一群
batch production 批量生产
bear market n. 熊市
beat v. 超过,胜过
behave v. 表现,运转
behavior n. 举止,行为,运转情况
below-the-line advertising 线下广告,尚未被付款的广告
benchmark n. 衡量标准 基准
benefit n. 利益,补助金,保险金得益
fringe benefits n. 附加福利
sickness benefit n. 疾病补助费
bid n. 出价,投标
takeover bid n. 盘进(一个公司)的出价
bill n. 账单,票据
billboard n. (路边)广告牌,招贴板
black adj. 违法的
in the black 有盈余,贷方
black list 黑名单,禁止贸易的(货物、公司及个人)名单
black Monday n. 黑色星期一,指1987年10月国际股票市场崩溃的日子
blue chips n. 蓝筹股,绩优股
blue-collar adj. 蓝领(工人)的
Board of Directors n. 董事会
Bond n. 债券
bonus n. 津贴,红利
books n. 公司帐目
book value n. 账面价值,(公司或股票)净值
bookkeeper n. 簿记员,记帐人
boom n. 繁荣,暴涨
boost v. 提高,增加,宣扬
bottleneck n. 瓶颈,窄路,阻碍
bottom adj. 最后的,根本的
v. 到达底部,建立基础
bounce v. 支票因签发人无钱而遭拒付并退回
brainstorm n./v. 点子会议,献计献策, 头脑风暴
branch n. 分支,分部
brand n. 商标,品牌
brand leader n. 占市场最大份额的品牌,名牌
brand loyalty n. (消费者)对品牌的忠实
break even v. 收支相抵,不亏不盈
break even point 收支相抵点, 盈亏平衡点
breakthrough n. 突破
brief n. 摘要
brochure n. 小册子
broker n. 经纪人,代理人
bull market 牛市
budget n. 预算
bulk n. 大量(货物)
adj. 大量的
bust adj. 破了产的
buyout n. 买下全部产权
C
CAD(=Computer Aided Design) n. 计算机辅助设计
call n. 打电话
call on v. 呼吁,约请,拜访
campaign n. 战役,运动
candidate n. 求职者,候选人
canteen n. 食堂 小卖部
canvass v. 征求意见,劝说
capacity n. 生产额,(最大)产量
caption n. 照片或图片下的简短说明
capital n. 资本,资金
capture v. 赢得
cash n. 现金,现付款
v. 兑现
cash flow n. 现金流量
case study n. 案例分析
catalogue n. 目录,产品目录
catastrophe n. 大灾难,大祸
CEO n. Chief Executive Officer(美)总经理
chain n. 连锁店
challenger n. 挑战者
channel n. (商品流通的)渠道
charge n. 使承担,要(价),把……记入(账册等)
chart n. 图表
checkout n. 付款台
chief adj. 主要的,首席的,总的
CIF, c.i.f. 成本保险费加运费
circular n. 传阅的小册子(传单等)
circulate v. 传阅
claim n./v. 要求,索赔
client n. 委托人,顾客
cold adj. 没人找上门来的,生意清淡的
commercialize v. 使商品化
commission n. 佣金
*commitment n. 承诺
commodity n. 商品,货物
company n. 公司
limited (liability) company (ltd.) 股份有限公司
public limited company (plc) n. 股票上市公司
compensate v. 补偿,酬报
compensation n. 补偿,酬金
compete v. 比赛,竞争
competition n. 比赛,竞争
competitor n. 竞争者,对手
competitive adj. 竞争性的
component n. 机器元件、组件、部件,部分
concentrated marketing n. 集中营销策略
condition n. 条件,状况
*configuration n. 设备的结构、组合 构造 外形
conflict n. 冲突,争论
*conglomerate n. 综合商社,多元化集团公司
*consolidate v. 帐目合并
*consortium n. 财团
constant adj. 恒定的,不断的,经常的
consultant n. 咨询人员,顾问,会诊医生
consumables n. 消耗品 a. 可消费的
consumer durables n. 耐用消费品(如:洗衣机)
consumer goods n. 消费品,生活资料
*contingency n. 意外事件
continuum n. 连续时间
contract n. 合同,契约
contractor n. 承办商,承建人 定约人 承包人
contribute v. 提供,捐献
contribution n. 贡献,捐献,税
conversion n. 改装,改造
conveyor n. 运送,传递,转让
core time n. (弹性工作制的)基本上班时间(员工于此段时间必须上班,弹性只对除此以外的时间有效)
cost n. 成本
fixed costs 固定成本
running costs 日常管理费用
variable costs 可变成本
cost-effective adj. 合算的,有效益的
costing n. 成本计算,成本会计
credit n. 赊购,赊购制度
credit control 赊销管理(检查顾客及时付款的体系)
letter of credit 信用证
credit limit 赊销限额
credit rating 信贷的信用等级,信誉评价
creditor n. 债权人,贷方
*creditworthiness n. 信贷价值,信贷信用
crisis n. 危机,转折点
critical adj. 关键的
*critical path analysis n. 关键途径分析法
currency n. 货币,流通
current adj. 通用的,现行的
Current account 往来帐户,活期(存款)户
current assets n. 流动资产
current liabilities n. 流动负债
customise v. 按顾客的具体要求制造(或改造等);顾客化
cut-throat adj. 残酷的,激烈的
cut-price a. 削价(出售)的
CV(=curriculum vitae) n. 简历,履历 vita 个人简历 生活
*cycle time n. 循环时间
D
damages n. 损害,损失
deadline n. 最后期限
deal n. 营业协议,数量
v. 交易
dealer n. 商人
debit n. 借方,欠的钱
v. 记入帐户的借方
debt n. 欠款,债务
to get into debt 负债
to be out of debt 不欠债
to pay off a debt 还清债务
debtor n. 债务人
aged debtors 长期债务人
declare v. 申报,声明
decline n./v. 衰退,缓慢,下降
decrease v. 减少
deduct v. 扣除,减去
default n. 违约,未履行
defect n. 缺陷
defective adj. 有缺点的
defer v. 推迟
deferred payments n. 延期支付
deficit n. 赤字
delivery cycle n. 交货周期
*demand management n. 需求规化
demotivated adj. 消极的,冷谈的
deposit n. 储蓄,预付(定金)
depot n. 仓库
depreciate v. 贬值,(对资产)折旧
depressing adj. 令人沮丧的
deputy n. 代理人,副职,代理
devalue v. 货币贬值(相对于其它货币)
diet n. 饮食,食物,特种饮食
differentiation n. 区分,鉴别
dimensions n. 尺寸,面积,规模
direct v 管理,指导
director n. 经理,主管
Managing Director n. 总经理
direct cost n. 直接成本
direct mail n. (商店为招揽生意而向人们投寄的)直接邮件
direct selling n. 直销,直接销售
directory n. 指南,号码簿
discount n. 折扣,贴现
dismiss v. 让……离开,打发走
dismissal n. 打发走
dispatch n./v. 调遣
display n./v. 展出,显示
dispose v. 安排,处理(事务)
dispose of 去掉,清除
distribution n. 分配,分发,分送产品
*diversify v. 从事多种经营;多样化
divest v. 剥夺
dividend n. 股息,红利,年息
division n. 部门
*dog n. 滞销品
down-market a./ad. 低档商品的
*down-time/downtime n. 设备闲置期
DP(=Data Processing) n. 计算机数据处理,计算机数据处理部门
dramatic adj. 戏剧性的
drive n. 积极性,能动性
due adj. 应付的,预期的
dynamic adj. 有活力的
E
earnings n. 工资
efficiency n. 效率
endorse v. 背书,接受
engage v. 雇用
entitle v. 授权
entitlement n. 应得的权利
holiday entitlement n. 休假权
equity n. 股东权益
equity capital n. 股本
equities 普通股,股票
estimated demand n. 估计需求
evaluate v. 估价,评价
eventual adj. 最终的
exaggerate v. 夸张
exceed v. 超过
exhibit n. 展览,表现
expenditure n. 花费,支出额
expense n. 费用,支出
expense account n. 费用帐户
expenses n. 费用,业务津贴
expertise n. 专长,专门知识和技能
*exposure n. 公众对某一产品或公司的知悉;广告所达到的观众总数
F
facilities n. 用于生产的设备、器材
facilities layout n. 设备的布局规化、计划
facilities location n. 设备安置
*factoring n. 折价购买债券
*fail-safe system n. 安全系统
feasibility study n. 可行性研究
feedback n. 反馈,反馈的信息
field n. 办公室外边,具体业务
file n. 文件集,卷宗,档案,文件
v. 把文件(或资料)归档
fill v. 充任
finance n. 资金,财政
v. 提供资金
financial adj. 财政的
financing n. 提供资金,筹借资金
finished goods n. 制成品
firm n. 公司
fire v. 解雇
fix v. 确定,使固定在
fix up v. 解决,商妥
fiscal adj. 国库的,财政的
*flagship n. 同类中最成功的商品,佼佼者
flexible adj. 有弹性的,灵活的
flextime n. 弹性工作时间制
flier(=flyer) n. 促销传单
float v. 发行股票
flop n. 失败
flow shop n. 车间
fluctuate v. 波动,涨落,起伏
FOB, f.o.b n. 离岸价
*follow-up n. 细节落实,接连要做的事
forecast v. 预测
four P's 指产品PRODUCT、价格PRICE、地点PLACE、促销PROMOTION
framework n. 框架,结构
*franchise n. 特许经销权
v. 特许经销,给予特许经销权
franchisee n. 特许经营人
franchiser n. 授予特许经营权者
fraud n. 欺骗
*freebie n. (非正式的)赠品,免费促销的商品
freelance n.& adj. 自由职业者(的)
funds n. 资金,基金
futures n. 期货交易
G
gap n. 缺口,空隙
*gearing n. 配称(即定息债务与股份资本之间的比率)
*gimmick n. 好主意,好点子
goal n. 目标
going adj. 进行的,运转中的
going rate n. 产品的市场价格
goods n. 货物,商品
goodwill n. 声誉
*go public v. 首次公开发行股票
grapple with v. 与……搏斗,尽力解决
grievance n. 申诉,抱怨
gross adj. 总的,毛的
gross margin n. 毛利率
gross profit n. 毛利
gross yield n. 毛收益
gradually adv. 逐渐地
group n. (由若干公司联合而成的)集团
grow v. 增长,扩大
growth n. 增长,发展
guarantee n. 保证,保单
guidelines n. 指导方针,准则
H
hand in v. 呈送
hand in one's notice 递交辞呈
handle v. 经营
*hands on adj. 有直接经验的
hard sell n. 强行推销
hazard n. 危险,危害行为
head n. 主管,负责
health and safety n. 健康和安全
*hedge n. 套期保值
hidden adj. 隐藏的,不明显的
hierarchy n. 等级制度,统治集团,领导层
hire v. 雇用
hire purchase n. 分期付款购物法
hit v. 击中,到达
holder n. 持有者
holding company n. 控股公司
hostile adj. 不友好的,恶意的
HRD n. 人力资源发展部
human resources n. 人力资源
*hype n. 天花乱坠的(夸张)广告宣传
I
impact n. 冲击,强烈影响
implement v. 实施,执行
implication n 隐含意义
incentive n. 刺激;鼓励
income n. 工资或薪金收入,经营或投资的收入
earned income 劳动收入,劳动所得
unearned income 非劳动收入,投资所得
increment v. 定期增加
incur v 招致,承担
*indemnity n. 偿还,赔偿
index n. 指数,索引
retail price index 零售价格指数
indirect costs n. 间接成本
induction n. 就职
industrial adj. 工业的
industrial action n. (罢工、怠工等)劳工行动
industrial relations n. 劳资关系
inefficiency n. 低效率,不称职
inflate v. 抬高(物价),使通货等)膨胀
inflation n. 通货膨胀
*infringe v. 违法,违章
initial adj. 初步的
innovate v. 革新
input n. 投入
insolvent adj. 无清偿力的
installment n. 部分,分期付款
insure v. 给……保险,投保
insurance n. 保险
interest n. 利息,兴趣
interest rate n. 利率
interim n. 中期,过渡期间
intermittent production n. 阶段性生产
interview n./v. 面试
interviewee n. 被面试的人
interviewer n. 主持面试的人,招聘者
introduce v. 介绍,提出
*inventory n. 库存
buffer inventory n. 用于应付突发性需求的存货
capacity inventory n. 用于将来某时使用的存货
cycle inventory n. 循环盘存
decoupling inventory n. 保险性存货(以应付万一)
finished goods inventory n. 制成品存货(盘存)
pipeline inventory n. 在途存货
raw materials inventory n. 原材料存货
work-in-progress inventory n. 在制品盘存(存货)
invest v. 投资
investment n. 投资
investor n. 投资者
invoice n. 发票
v. 给(某人)开发票
irrevocable adj. 不可撤消的,不能改变的
issue n. 发行股票
* rights issue n. 优先认股权
IT=Information Technology 信息技术
item n. 货物,条目,条款
J
job n. 工作
job description 工作说明,职务说明
*job lot n. 一次生产的部分或少数产品
job mobility 工作流动
job rotation 工作轮换
job satisfaction 工作的满意感(自豪感)
*job shop n. 专门车间
jobbing n. 为一次性的或小的订货需求而特设的生产制度
joint adj. 联合的
joint bank account (几个人的)联合银行存款帐户
journal n. 专业杂志
*jurisdiction n. 管辖(权)
junk bonds n. 低档(风险)债券,垃圾债券
junk mail n. (未经收信人要求的)直接邮寄的广告宣传
*just-in-time n. 无库存制度
K
key adj. 主要的,关键的
knockdown adj. (价格)很低的
know-how n. 专门技术
L
label n. 标签,标牌
v. 加标签,加上标牌
labour n. 劳动,工作,劳动力
labour market 劳动力市场
labour relations 劳资关系
labour shortage 劳动力短缺
*launch v. 在市场推出一种新产品
n. 新产品的推出
lay-off/layoff n./v. 临时解雇
layout n. 工厂的布局
lead v. 领先,领导
lead time n. 完成某项活动所需的时间
leaflet n. 广告印刷传单
lease n. 租借,租赁物
legal adj. 合法的
lend v. 出借,贷款
lessee n. 承租人
lessor n. 出租人
*ledger n. 分类帐
nominal ledger n. 记名帐
purchase ledger n. 进货
sales ledger n. 销货帐
*leverage n. 杠杆比率
liability n. 负债
liabilities n. 债务
licence(US: license) n. 许可证
license v. 许可,批准
life cycle n. 寿命周期
likely adj. 可能的
*line process 流水线(组装)
link n. 关系,联系,环
liquid adj. 易转换成现款的
liquidate v. 清算
*liquidity n. 拥有变现力
liquidation n. 清理(关闭公司),清算
liquidator n. 清算人,公司资产清理人
listed adj. 登记注册的
listing n. 上市公司名录
literature n. (产品说明书之类的)印刷品,宣传品
litigate v. 提出诉讼
loan n./v. 贷款,暂借
logo n. 企业的特有标记
lose v. 亏损
loser n. 失败者
loss n. 损失
lot n. 批,量
loyalty n. 忠诚,忠实
M
magazine n. 杂志,期刊
mailshot n. 邮购
maintain v. 维持,保持
maintenance n. 维持,坚持
major adj. 重大的,主要的,较大的
majority shareholding 绝对控股
make n. 产品的牌子或型号
make-to-order adj. 根据订货而生产的产品
make-to-stock adj. 指那些在未收到订货时就已生产了的产品
management n. 管理,管理部门
middle management n. 中层管理人员
senior management n. 高层管理人员
managerial adj. 管理人员的,管理方面的
manager n. 经理
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下面是读文网小编整理的BEC商务英语中高级必备词汇 P-Z,欢迎大家阅读!
plant manager n. 工厂负责人
line manager n. 基层负责人
staff manager n. 部门经理助理
management accounts n. 管理帐目
matrix management n. 矩阵管理
*management information system(MIS) n. 管理信息系统
manning n. 人员配备
manpower n. 劳动力
manpower resources n. 劳动力资源
manual adj. 体力的,人工的,蓝领的
manufacture v. (用机器)制造
manufacturer n. 制造者(厂、商、公司)
manufacturing adj. 制造的
manufacturing industry 制造业
margin n. 利润
gross margin n. 毛利率
net margin n. 净利润
mark-up v. 标高售价,加价
market n. 市场;产品可能的销量
down market adv./adj. 低档商品/地的
up market adj./adv. 高档商品的/地
marketing mix n. 综合营销策略,指定价、促销、产品等策略的配合
market leader n. 市场上的主导公司
*market niche n. 小摊位,专业市场的一个小部分
market penetration n. 市场渗入
market segmentation 市场划分
market share n. 市场占有率,市场份额
*mass-marketing n. 大众营销术
*master production schedule n. 主要生产计划
*material requirements planning(MRP) n. 计算生产中所需材料的方法
*materials handling n. 材料管理,材料控制
maximise v. 使增至最大限度、最大化
measure n. 措施,步骤
media n. 新闻工具,传媒
mass media 大众传媒(如电视、广播、报纸等)
merchandising n. (在商店中)通过对商品的摆放与促销进行经营
merge v. 联合,合并
merger n. (公司,企业等的)合并
merit n. 优点,值得,应受
method study n. 方法研究
middleman n. 中间人,经纪人
full milk n. 全脂牛奶
skimmed milk n. 脱脂乳
minimise v. 使减至最小限度,最小化
*mission n. 公司的长期目标和原则
mobility n. 流动性,可移性
moderately adv. 中等地,适度地
monopoly n. 垄断,独占
mortgage n./v. 抵押
motivate v. 激励,激发……的积极性
motivated adj. 有积极性的
motivation n. 提供动机,积极性,动力
motive n. 动机
N
negotiate v. 谈判
negotiable adj. 可谈判的,可转让的
net adj. 净的,纯的
network n. 网络
*niche n. 专业市场中的小摊位
notice n. 通知,辞职申请,离职通知
O
objective n. 目标,目的
obsolete adj. 过时的,淘汰的,废弃的
offer n. 报价,发盘
offer v. 开价
off-season adj./adv. 淡季的
off-the-shelf adj. 非专门设计的
off-the-peg adj. 标准的,非顾客化的
opening n. 空位
operate v. 操作,经营,管理
operating profits 营业利润
*operations chart n. 经营(管理)表
*operations scheduling n. 生产经营进度表
opportunity n. 机会
*optimize v. 优化
option n. 选择权
share option n. 期权
organigram n. 组织图
organisation chart n. 公司组织机构图
orient v. 定向,指引
orientation n. 倾向,方向;熟悉,介绍情况
outcome n. 结果
outlay n. 开销,支出,费用
*outlet n. 商店
a retail outlet 零售店
outgoings n. 开支,开销
outlined adj. 概括,勾勒的草图
output n. 产量
*outsource v. 外购产品或由外单位制做产品
outstanding adj. 未付款的,应收的
over-demand n. 求过于供
overdraft n. 透支
overdraft facility 透支限额
overdraw v. 透支
*overhead costs n. 营业成本
*overheads n. 企业一般管理费用
overpay n. 多付(款)
overtime n. 加班
overview n. 概述,概观
owe v. 欠钱,应付
P
p.a.(=per annum) n. 每年
packaging n. 包装物;包装
parent company n. 母公司,总公司
part-time adj. 部分时间工作的,业余的
participate v. 参加,分享 (in)
partnership n. 合伙(关系),合伙,合伙企业
patent n. 专利
pay n. 工资,酬金
v. 付钱,付报酬
take-home pay 实得工资
payroll n. 雇员名单,工资表
peak n. 峰值,顶点
penetrate v. 渗透,打入(市场)
penetration n. 目标市场的占有份额
pension n. 养老金,退休金
perform v. 表现,执行
performance n. 进行,表现工作情况
performance appraisal n. 工作情况评估
perk n. 额外待遇(交通、保健、保险等)
personnel n. 员工,人员
*petty cash n. 零用现金
phase out n. 分阶段停止使用
*pick v. 提取生产用零部件或给顾客发货
* picking list n. 用于择取生产或运输订货的表格
pie chart n. 饼形图
pilot n. 小规模试验
pipeline n. 管道,渠道
plant capacity n. 生产规模,生产能力
plot v. 标绘,策划
*plough back n. 将获利进行再投资
* point of sale (POS) n. 销售点
policy n. 政策,规定, 保险单
*portfolio n. (投资)组合
*portfolio management n. 组合证券管理
post n. 邮件,邮局;职位
position n. 职位
potential n. 潜在力,潜势
power n. 能力
purchasing power 购买力
PR=Public Relations 公共关系
*preference shares n. 优先股
price n. 价格
market price 市场价,市价
retail price 零售价
probation n. 试用期
product n. 产品
production cycle n. 生产周期
production schedule n. 生产计划
product life cycle n. 产品生命周期
product mix n. 产品组合(种类和数量的组合)
productive adj. 生产的,多产的
*profile n. 简介形象特征
profit n. 利润
operating profit n. 营业利润
profit and loss account n. 损益帐户
project v. 预测
promote v . 推销
promotion n. 提升,升级
proposal n. 建议,计划
prospect n. 预期,展望
prospectus n. 计划书,说明书
prosperity n. 繁荣,兴隆
prototype n. 原型,样品
*publicity n. 引起公众注意
public adj. 公众的,公开的
go public 上市
public sector 公有企业
publicity n. 公开场合,名声,宣传
publics n. 公众,(有共同兴趣的)一群人或社会人士
punctual adj. 准时的
punctuality n. 准时
purchase v. & n. 购买
purchaser n. 买主,采购人
Q
QC(=Quality Circle) n. 质检人员
qualify v. 有资格,胜任
qualified adj. 有资格的,胜任的,合格的
qualification n. 资格,资格证明
quality n. 质量
quality assurance n. 质量保证
quality control 质量控制,质量管理
quarterly adj./adv. 季度的,按季度
questionnaire n. 调查表,问卷
quote n. 报价,股票牌价
quotation n. 报价,股票牌价
R
R&D Research and Development 研究与开发
radically adv. 根本地,彻底地
raise n. (美)增加薪金
v. 增加,提高;提出,引起
range n. 系列产品
rank n./v. 排名
rapport n. 密切的关系,轻松愉快的气氛
rate n. 比率,费用
fixed rate 固定费用,固定汇率
going rate 现行利率,现行汇率
rating 评定结果
ratio n. 比率
rationalise v. 使更有效,使更合理
raw adj. 原料状态的,未加工的
raw material n. 原材料
receive v. 得到
receipt n. 收据
receiver n. 接管人,清算人
accounts receivable 应收帐
receivership n. 破产管理
recession n. 萧条
reckon v. 估算,认为
recognise v. 承认
reconcile v. 使……相吻合,核对,调和
recoup v. 扣除,赔偿
recover v. 重新获得,恢复
recovery n. 重获,恢复
recruit v. 招聘,征募 n. 新招收的人员
recruitment n. 新成员的吸收
red n. 红色
in the red 赤字,负债
reduce v. 减少
reduction n. 减少
redundant adj. 过多的,被解雇的
redundancy n. 裁员,解雇
reference n. 参考,参考资料
reference number (Ref. No.) 产品的参考号码
refund n./v. 归还,偿还
region n. 地区
*reimburse v. 偿还,报销
reject n./v. 拒绝
reliability n. 可靠性
relief n. 减轻,解除,救济
relocate v. 调动,重新安置
remuneration n. 酬报,酬金
rent v. 租 n. 租金
rep (代表)的缩写
report to v. 低于(某人),隶属,从属
reposition v. (为商品)重新定位
represent v. 代表,代理
representative n. 代理人,代表
reputation n. 名声,声望
reputable adj. 名声/名誉好的
reserves n. 储量金,准备金
resign v. 放弃,辞去
resignation n. 辞职
resistance n. 阻力,抵触情绪
respond v. 回答,答复
response n. 回答,答复#p#分页标题#e#
restore v. 恢复
result/results n. 结果,效果
retail n./v. 零售
retailer n. 零售商
*retained earnings n. 留存收益
retire v. 退休
retirement n. 退休
return n. 投资报酬
*return on investment (ROI) n. 投资收入,投资报酬
revenue n. 岁入,税收
review v./n. 检查
reward n./v. 报答,报酬,奖赏
*rework v. (因劣质而)重作
risk capital n. 风险资本
rival n. 竞争者,对手
adj. 竞争的
rocket v. 急速上升,直线上升,飞升
ROI Return on Investment 投资利润
roughly adv. 粗略地
round adj. 整数表示的,大约
round trip 往返的行程
royalty n. 特许权,专利权税
run v. 管理,经营
running adj. 运转的
S
sack v. 解雇
sales force 销售人员
sample n. 样品
v. 试验;抽样检验
*saturation n. (市场的)饱和(状态)
saturate v. 饱和
save v. 节省,储蓄
savings n. 存款
scale n. 刻度,层次
scapegoat n. 替罪羊
scare adj. 缺乏的,不足的
*scrap n. 废料或废品
seasonal adj. 季节性的
section n. 部门
sector n. 部门
*securities n. 债券及有价证券
segment n. 部分
v. 将市场划分成不同的部分
segmentation n. 将市场划分成不同的部门
semi-skilled adj. 半熟练的
settle v. 解决,决定
settlement n. 解决,清偿,支付
service n. 服务,帮佣
services n. 专业服务
settle v. 安排,支付
set up v. 创立
share n. 股份
shareholder n. 股东
*shelf-life n. 货架期(商品可以陈列在货架上的时间)
shift n. 轮班
showroom n. 陈列室
simulation n. 模拟
shop n. 商店
closed shop 限制行业(只允许本工会会员)
open shop 开放行业(非会员可从事的工作)
shop steward 工会管事
shopfloor 生产场所
shortlist n. ……供最后选择的候选人名单
v. 把……列入最后的候选人名单
sick adj. 病的
sick leave 病假
sick note 病假条
sick pay 病假工资
sickness 生病
skill n. 技能,熟巧
skilled employee n. 熟练工人
*skimming n. 高额定价,撇奶油式定价
slogan n. 销售口号
slump n. 暴跌
a slump in sales 销售暴跌
soft-sell n. 劝诱销售(术),软销售(手段)
software n. 软件
sole adj. 仅有的,单独的
sole distributor 独家分销商
solvent adj. 有偿付能力的
*sourcing n. 得到供货
spare part n. 零部件
specification n. 产品说明
split v. 分离
spokesman n. 发言人
sponsor n. 赞助者(为了商品的广告宣传)
spread n. (股票买价和卖价的)差额
stable adj. 稳定的
staff n. 职员
stag n. 投机认股者
v. 炒买炒卖
stagnant adj. 停滞的,萧条的
*statute n. 成文法
statutory adj. 法定的
steadily adv. 稳定地,平稳地
stock n. 库存,股票
stock exchange n. 证券交易所
*stockbroker n. 股票经纪人
stock controller 库房管理者
storage n. 贮藏,库存量
strategy n. 战略
*streamline v. 精简机构,提高效率
stress n. 压力,紧迫
strike n. 罢工
structure n. 结构,设备
*subcontract v. 分包(工程项目),转包
subordinate n. 下级
adj. 下级的
subscribe v. 认购
subsidiary n. 子公司
subsidise v. 补贴,资助
subsidy n. 补助金
substantially adv. 大量地,大幅度地
summarise v. 概括,总结
superior n. 上级,长官
supervisor n. 监督人,管理人
supervisory adj. 监督的,管理的
supply n./v. 供给,提供
survey n 调查
*SWOT analysis n. SWOT分析是分析一个公司或一个项目的优点、弱点、机会和风险*synergy n. 协作
T
tactic n. 战术,兵法
tailor v. 特制产品
tailor made products 特制产品
take on 雇用
takeover n. 接管
target n. 目标
v. 把……作为目标
tariff n. 关税;价目表
task n. 任务,工作
task force n. 突击队,攻关小队(为完成某项任务而在一起的一组人)
tax n. 税,税金
capital gains tax n. 资本收益税
corporation tax n. 公司税,法人税
income tax n. 所得税
value added tax 增值税
tax allowance 免减税
tax avoidance 避税
taxable 可征税的
taxation 征税
tax-deductible 在计算所得税时予以扣除的
telesales n. 电话销售,电话售货
temporary adj. 暂时的
temporary post 临时职位
tender n./v. 投标
territory n. (销售)区域
tie n. 关系,联系
throughput n. 工厂的总产量
TQC(=Total Quality Control) n. 全面质量管理
*track record n. 追踪记录,业绩
trade n./v. 商业,生意;交易,经商
balance of trade 贸易平衡
trading profit 贸易利润
insider trading 内部交易
trade mark 商标
trade union 工会
trainee n. 受培训者
*transaction n. 交易,业务
transfer n./v. 传输,转让
*transformation n. 加工
transparency n. (投影用)透明胶片
treasurer n. 司库,掌管财务的人
*treasury n. 国库,财政部
trend n. 趋势,时尚
*trouble-shooting n. 解决问题
turnover n. 营业额,员工流动的比率
staff turnover 人员换手率
stock turnover 股票换手率
U
undertake v. 从事、同意做某事
undifferentiated marketing n. 无差异性营销策略
uneconomical adj. 不经济的,浪费
unemployment n. 失业
unemployment benefit n. 失业津贴
unit n. 单位
unit cost n. 单位成本
update v. 使现代化
up to date adj./adv. 流行的,现行的,时髦的
upgrade v. 升级,增加
upturn n. 使向上,使朝上
USP 唯一的销售计划
V
vacancy n. 空缺
vacant adj. 空缺的
value n./v. 价值,估价
valuation n. 价值
value-added n. 增加值
variable n. 可变物
variation n. 变化,变更
variety n. 多样化
a variety of 多种多样的
vary v. 改变,修改
VAT Value Added Tax 增值税
vendor n. 卖主(公司或个人)
venture n. 冒险,投机
venue n. 地点,集合地点
viable adj. 可行的
viability n. 可行性
vision n. 设想,公司的长期目标
vocation n. 行业,职业
vocational adj. 行业的,职业的
W
wage n. (周)工资
wage freeze n. 工资冻结
warehouse n. 仓库,货栈
wealth n. 财富,资源
wealthy adj. 富裕的,丰富的
welfare n. 福利
white-collar 白领阶层
white goods n. 如冰箱和洗衣机等用在厨房中的产品
wholesale n./adj./adv. 批发
wholesaler 批发商
*wind up v. 关闭公司
withdraw v. 拿走,收回,退出
withdrawal n. 拿走,收回,退出
wholesale n./a. 批发;批发的
wholesaler n. 批发商
work n. 工作
working conditions n. 工作条件
work-in-progress n. 工作过程
workload n. 工作量
work order n. (包括原料、半成品、成品的)全部存货总量
work station 工作位置
*working capital n. 营运资本,营运资金
write off v. 取消
write-off n. 债务的取消
Y
*yield n. 有效产量
Z
*zero defect n. 合格产品
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下面是读文网小编整理的一些BEC商务英语中高级口语考试常见问答,以供大家学习参考。
Q:Could you project what you would like to be doing five years from now?(你能预料五年后你会做什么吗?)
A:As I have some administrative experience in my last job, I may use my organizational and planning skills in the future. (我在上一个工作中积累了一些行政经验,我将来也许要运用我组织和计划上的经验和技巧。)
A:I hope to demonstrate my ability and talents in my field adequately. (我希望能充分展示我在这个行业的能力和智慧。)
A:Perhaps, an opportunity at a management position would be exciting.(也许有机会,我将会从事管理工作。)如果不愿正面回答,也可以说:It would be premature for me to predict this. (现在对此问题的预测,尚嫌过早。)甚至还可以打趣的说: Hypothetically speaking, I might be able to do your current job as a director.(或 CEO 或 president)((说不定,我也能做你现在主任的工作呢!)
Q: What range of pay-scale are you interested in?(你喜欢那一种薪水层次标准?)
A: Money is important, but the responsibility that goes along with this job is what interests me the most. (薪水固然重要,但这工作伴随而来的责任更吸引我。)
A: 假如你有家眷,可以说: To be frank and open with you, I like this job, but I have a family to support. (坦白地说,我喜欢这份工作,不过我必须要负担我的家庭。)
Q:What is your strongest trait(s)?(你个性上最大的特点是什么?)
A:Helpfulness and caring.(乐于助人和关心他人。)
A:Adaptability and sense of humor.(适应能力和幽默感。)
A:Cheerfulness and friendliness.(乐观和友爱。)
Q: How would your friends or colleagues describe you?(你的朋友或同事怎样形容你?)
A: (pause a few seconds) (稍等几秒钟再答,表示慎重考虑。) They say Mr. Chen is an honest, hardworking and responsible man who deeply cares for his family and friends. (他们说陈先生是位诚实、工作努力,负责任的人,他对家庭和朋友都很关心。)
A:They say Mr. Chen is a friendly, sensitive, caring and determined person. (他们说陈先生是位很友好、敏感、关心他人和有决心的人。)
Q:What personality traits do you admire?(你欣赏哪种性格的人?)
A: (I admire a person who is)honest, flexible and easy-going. (诚实、不死板而且容易相处的人。)
A: (I like) people who possess the "can do" spirit. (有"实际行动"的人。)
Q:What leadership qualities did you develop as an administrative personnel?(作为行政人员,你有什么样的领导才能?)
A:I feel that learning how to motivate people and to work together as a team will be the major goal of my leadership. (我觉得学习如何把人们的积极性调动起来,以及如何配合协同的团队精神,是我行政工作的主要目标。)
A:I have refined my management style by using an open-door policy. (我以开放式的政策,改进我的行政管理方式。)
Q:How do you normally handle criticism?(你通常如何处理别人的批评?)
A:Silence is golden. Just don’t say anything; otherwise the situation could become worse. I do, however, accept constructive criticism. (沉默是金。不必说什么,否则情况更糟,不过我会接受建设性的批评。)
A:When we cool off, we will discuss it later. (我会等大家冷静下来再讨论。)
Q: What do you find frustrating in a work situation?(在工作中,什么事令你不高兴?)
A: Sometimes, the narrow-minded people make me frustrated. (胸襟狭窄的人,有时使我泄气。)
A:Minds that are not receptive to new ideas. (不能接受新思想的那些取。)
Q:How do you handle your conflict with your colleagues in your work? (你如何处理与同事在工作中的意见不和?)
A:I will try to present my ideas in a more clear and civilized manner in order to get my points across. (我要以更清楚文明的方式,提出我的看法,使对方了解我的观点。)
Q:How do you handle your failure?(你怎样对待自己的失败?)
A: None of us was born "perfect". I am sure I will be given a second chance to correct my mistake. (我们大家生来都不是十全十美的,我相信我有第二个机会改正我的错误。)
Q:Give me a summary of your current job description. (对你目前的工作,能否做个概括的说明。)
A:I have been working as a computer programmer for five years. To be specific, I do system analysis, trouble shooting and provide software support. (我干了五年的电脑程序员。具体地说,我做系统分析,解决问题以及软件供应方面的支持。)
Q:Why did you leave your last job?(你为什么离职呢?)
A: Well, I am hoping to get an offer of a better position. If opportunity knocks, I will take it.(我希望能获得一份更好的工作,如果机会来临,我会抓住。)
A:I feel I have reached the "glass ceiling" in my current job. / I feel there is no opportunity for advancement. (我觉得目前的工作,已经达到顶峰,即没有升迁机会。)
Q:How do you rate yourself as a professional?(你如何评估自己是位专业人员呢?)
A: With my strong academic background, I am capable and competent.
(凭借我良好的学术背景,我可以胜任自己的工作,而且我认为自己很有竞争力。)
A:With my teaching experience, I am confident that I can relate to students very well. (依我的教学经验,我相信能与学生相处的很好。)
Q: What contribution did you make to your current (previous) organization?(你对目前/从前的工作单位有何贡献?)
A: I have finished three new projects, and I am sure I can apply my experience to this position. (我已经完成三个新项目,我相信我能将我的经验用在这份工作上。)
Q:What do you think you are worth to us?(你怎么认为你对我们有价值呢?)
A:I feel I can make some positive contributions to your company in the future. (我觉得我对贵公司能做些积极性的贡献。)
Q:What make you think you would be a success in this position?(你如何知道你能胜任这份工作?)
A:My graduate school training combined with my internship should qualify me for this particular job. I am sure I will be successful. (我在研究所的训练,加上实习工作,使我适合这份工作。我相信我能成功。)
Q:Are you a multi-tasked individual?(你是一位可以同时承担数项工作的人吗?) or Do you work well under stress or pressure?(你能承受工作上的压力吗?)
A:Yes, I think so.
A:The trait is needed in my current(or previous) position and I know I can handle it well. (这种特点就是我目前(先前)工作所需要的,我知道我能应付自如。)
Q:What provide you with a sense of accomplishment. (什么会让你有成就感?)
A:Doing my best job for your company. (为贵公司竭力效劳。)
A:Finishing a project to the best of my ability. (尽我所能,完成一个项目。)
Q:If you had a lot of money to donate, where would you donate it to?Why?(假如你有很多钱可以捐赠,你会捐给什么单位?为什么?)
A:I would donate it to the medical research because I want to do something to help others. (我会捐给医药研究,因为我要为他人做点事。)
A:I prefer to donate it to educational institutions. (我乐意捐给教育机构。)
Q:What is most important in your life right now?(眼下你生活中最重要的是什么?)
A:To get a job in my field is most important to me. (对我来说,能在这个领域找到工作是最重要的。)
A:To secure employment hopefully with your company. (希望能在贵公司任职对我来说最重要。)
Q:What current issues concern you the most?(目前什么事是你最关心的?)
A:The general state of our economy and the impact of China'' entry to WTO on our industry. (目前中国经济的总体情况以及中国入世对我们行业的影响。)
Q: How long would you like to stay with this company?(你会在本公司服务多久呢?)
A: I will stay as long as I can continue to learn and to grow in my field. (只要我能在我的行业力继续学习和长进,我就会留在这里。)
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下面是读文网小编整理的中高级BEC口语考常见问答,以供大家学习参考。
Q:What do you think you are worth to us?(你怎么认为你对我们有价值呢?)
A:I feel I can make some positive contributions to your company in the future. (我觉得我对贵公司能做些积极性的贡献。)
Q:What make you think you would be a success in this position?(你如何知道你能胜任这份工作?)
A:My graduate school training combined with my internship should qualify me for this particular job. I am sure I will be successful. (我在研究所的训练,加上实习工作,使我适合这份工作。我相信我能成功。)
Q:Are you a multi-tasked individual?(你是一位可以同时承担数项工作的人吗?) or Do you work well under stress or pressure?(你能承受工作上的压力吗?)
A:Yes, I think so.
A:The trait is needed in my current(or previous) position and I know I can handle it well. (这种特点就是我目前(先前)工作所需要的,我知道我能应付自如。)
Q:What provide you with a sense of accomplishment. (什么会让你有成就感?)
A:Doing my best job for your company. (为贵公司竭力效劳。)
A:Finishing a project to the best of my ability. (尽我所能,完成一个项目。)
Q:If you had a lot of money to donate, where would you donate it to?Why?(假如你有很多钱可以捐赠,你会捐给什么单位?为什么?)
A:I would donate it to the medical research because I want to do something to help others. (我会捐给医药研究,因为我要为他人做点事。)
A:I prefer to donate it to educational institutions. (我乐意捐给教育机构。)
Q:What is most important in your life right now?(眼下你生活中最重要的是什么?)
A:To get a job in my field is most important to me. (对我来说,能在这个领域找到工作是最重要的。)
A:To secure employment hopefully with your company. (希望能在贵公司任职对我来说最重要。)
Q:What current issues concern you the most?(目前什么事是你最关心的?)
A:The general state of our economy and the impact of China'' entry to WTO on our industry. (目前中国经济的总体情况以及中国入世对我们行业的影响。)
Q: How long would you like to stay with this company?(你会在本公司服务多久呢?)
A: I will stay as long as I can continue to learn and to grow in my field. (只要我能在我的行业力继续学习和长进,我就会留在这里。)
Q:Could you project what you would like to be doing five years from now?(你能预料五年后你会做什么吗?)
A:As I have some administrative experience in my last job, I may use my organizational and planning skills in the future. (我在上一个工作中积累了一些行政经验,我将来也许要运用我组织和计划上的经验和技巧。)
A:I hope to demonstrate my ability and talents in my field adequately. (我希望能充分展示我在这个行业的能力和智慧。)
A:Perhaps, an opportunity at a management position would be exciting.(也许有机会,我将会从事管理工作。)如果不愿正面回答,也可以说:It would be premature for me to predict this. (现在对此问题的预测,尚嫌过早。)甚至还可以打趣的说: Hypothetically speaking, I might be able to do your current job as a director.(或 CEO 或 president)((说不定,我也能做你现在主任的工作呢!)
Q: What range of pay-scale are you interested in?(你喜欢那一种薪水层次标准?)
A: Money is important, but the responsibility that goes along with this job is what interests me the most. (薪水固然重要,但这工作伴随而来的责任更吸引我。)
A: 假如你有家眷,可以说: To be frank and open with you, I like this job, but I have a family to support. (坦白地说,我喜欢这份工作,不过我必须要负担我的家庭。)
Q:What is your strongest trait(s)?(你个性上最大的特点是什么?)
A:Helpfulness and caring.(乐于助人和关心他人。)
A:Adaptability and sense of humor.(适应能力和幽默感。)
A:Cheerfulness and friendliness.(乐观和友爱。)
Q: How would your friends or colleagues describe you?(你的朋友或同事怎样形容你?)
A: (pause a few seconds) (稍等几秒钟再答,表示慎重考虑。) They say Mr. Chen is an honest, hardworking and responsible man who deeply cares for his family and friends. (他们说陈先生是位诚实、工作努力,负责任的人,他对家庭和朋友都很关心。)
A:They say Mr. Chen is a friendly, sensitive, caring and determined person. (他们说陈先生是位很友好、敏感、关心他人和有决心的人。)
Q:What personality traits do you admire?(你欣赏哪种性格的人?)
A: (I admire a person who is)honest, flexible and easy-going. (诚实、不死板而且容易相处的人。)
A: (I like) people who possess the "can do" spirit. (有"实际行动"的人。)
Q:What leadership qualities did you develop as an administrative personnel?(作为行政人员,你有什么样的领导才能?)
A:I feel that learning how to motivate people and to work together as a team will be the major goal of my leadership. (我觉得学习如何把人们的积极性调动起来,以及如何配合协同的团队精神,是我行政工作的主要目标。)
A:I have refined my management style by using an open-door policy. (我以开放式的政策,改进我的行政管理方式。)
Q:How do you normally handle criticism?(你通常如何处理别人的批评?)
A:Silence is golden. Just don’t say anything; otherwise the situation could become worse. I do, however, accept constructive criticism. (沉默是金。不必说什么,否则情况更糟,不过我会接受建设性的批评。)
A:When we cool off, we will discuss it later. (我会等大家冷静下来再讨论。)
Q: What do you find frustrating in a work situation?(在工作中,什么事令你不高兴?)
A: Sometimes, the narrow-minded people make me frustrated. (胸襟狭窄的人,有时使我泄气。)
A:Minds that are not receptive to new ideas. (不能接受新思想的那些取。)
Q:How do you handle your conflict with your colleagues in your work? (你如何处理与同事在工作中的意见不和?)
A:I will try to present my ideas in a more clear and civilized manner in order to get my points across. (我要以更清楚文明的方式,提出我的看法,使对方了解我的观点。)
Q:How do you handle your failure?(你怎样对待自己的失败?)
A: None of us was born "perfect". I am sure I will be given a second chance to correct my mistake. (我们大家生来都不是十全十美的,我相信我有第二个机会改正我的错误。)
Q:Give me a summary of your current job description. (对你目前的工作,能否做个概括的说明。)
A:I have been working as a computer programmer for five years. To be specific, I do system analysis, trouble shooting and provide software support. (我干了五年的电脑程序员。具体地说,我做系统分析,解决问题以及软件供应方面的支持。)
Q:Why did you leave your last job?(你为什么离职呢?)
A: Well, I am hoping to get an offer of a better position. If opportunity knocks, I will take it.(我希望能获得一份更好的工作,如果机会来临,我会抓住。)
A:I feel I have reached the "glass ceiling" in my current job. / I feel there is no opportunity for advancement. (我觉得目前的工作,已经达到顶峰,即没有升迁机会。)
Q:How do you rate yourself as a professional?(你如何评估自己是位专业人员呢?)
A: With my strong academic background, I am capable and competent.
(凭借我良好的学术背景,我可以胜任自己的工作,而且我认为自己很有竞争力。)
A:With my teaching experience, I am confident that I can relate to students very well. (依我的教学经验,我相信能与学生相处的很好。)
Q: What contribution did you make to your current (previous) organization?(你对目前/从前的工作单位有何贡献?)
A: I have finished three new projects, and I am sure I can apply my experience to this position. (我已经完成三个新项目,我相信我能将我的经验用在这份工作上。)
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商务英语考试(BUSINESS ENGLISH CERTIFICATE),简称BEC,指的是剑桥商务英语资格考试。
(1) 第一部分是整个口语考试的热身练习,主要是用来活跃气氛,缓解考生的紧张情绪,同时考查考生能否就一般问题进行简单陈述。所以考生只需作简单回答,适当展开,一般两三句话足够。
(2) 在听考官提问时要细心,通常考官会问两个考生不同的问题。如果没有听清楚考官提出的问题,可用pardon或could you say it again等要求考官重复提问。通常考 官会给考生两次机会。如果还听不懂,考官会进行下一个问题。如果出现这种情 况,考生也不必气馁,而应集中精力搞好后面的两部分口语考试。相对来说,第一 部分并不那么重要。
(3) 考生要充满自信,谈话时注意自己的语音、语调、语速等,回答问題时注意表达要清晰、简洁、明了,给考官一个良好的印象。
(4) 考生应利用这一热身部分尽快熟悉并适应考官和同伴的语音、语速等,为后面的考试做好充分的准备。
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BEC剑桥商务英语证书考试是由剑桥大学外 语考试部研发的考试。BEC考试分为初中高三个级别的考试,每个级别的考试费用略有不同。由于BEC 考试的试卷全部要送到英国剑桥去批改,再加上BEC考试包含口语考官现场考试的口试费用,因此BEC的报名费用会根据汇率不同有所变化。
据悉,从2014年起,BEC考试费用会有微调,具体各级别考试报名费如下:
BEC初级(标准级Preliminary):约395元人民币;
BEC中级(中高级Vantage):约500元人民币;
BEC高级(高级Higher):约630元人民币。
因人民币汇率可能变化,每次考试收费标准以所在考点公布的为准。
温馨提示:由于各方面情况的不断调整与变化,本网所提供的所有考试信息仅供参考,敬请考生以权威部门公布的正式信息为准。
注:以上是大部分考点的收费标准,因人民币汇率可能变化,有部分或个别考点的收费标准不一样,请考生以考点公布的为准。
考生在报名后可得到一本内容包括考试范围、考试题型的《考生手册》,供考生参照复习
口试第二部分高频话题
这部分考试涉及的话题十分广泛,具体包括:
advertising (广告)
career planning (职业规划)
communications (沟通 )
customer relations (客户关系 )
finance (金融财务 )
health and safety (健康和安全)
management (personnel)
production, transport,etc.)(人事、生产、运输管理)
marketing (市场营销)
recruitment (招聘)
sales (销售)
technology (技术)
training (培训)
travel (旅游)
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下面是读文网小编整理的BEC高级阅读真题, 希望对大家有帮助。
Questions 1 - 8
· Look at the sentences below and at five passages taken from a book about famous management thinkers on the opposite page.
· Which passage does each sentence refer to?
· For each sentence 1 - 8, mark one letter A1 B, C, D or E on your Answer Sheet.
· You will need to use some of these letters more than once.
Example:
He has developed his own company to promote his work.
0 A B C D E
1 Others in his field think very highly of him.
2 His ideas have spread beyond the business world.
3 He felt that people should be able to enjoy their work.
4 His ideas are more complex than they seem.
5 He did a variety of interesting things before writing his books.
6 His most successful book was written with a colleague.
7 He is particularly skilled at forecasting important developments.
8 Contact with the military was an early influence on his thinking.
A John Adair
Adair is the pioneering British thinker in the theory of leadership. He was the first person in the UK to hold a professorship in Business Leadership and has published a series of influential books on the subject.
Despite his quiet appearance, Adair has had a colourful life, serving in a Bedouin regiment and working on an Arctic fishing boat! His initial interest in leadership came from his army experience and he used to lecture at the highly prestigious academy where British army offices are trained. He now works as an international consultant.
B Edward de Bono
De Bono is unusual among major gurus for two reasons: firstly, he was born not in one of the great industrial nations but on the tiny island of Malta. Secondly, his ideas have reached a wider audience than just managers, so that his books have become essential rending in many different disciplines.
Most of de Bono s work has been concerned with the way human beings can train themselves to think more creatively. This apparently simple idea has resulted in 37 books and a highly successful career as a lecturer and consultant.
C Peter Drucker
Probably no other single thinker has done as much as Drucker to establish management as a serious area of study. Certainly, his fellow management thinkers consider him one of the founding fathers of the discipline, and his books and articles are quoted more than those of any other management writer.
His first book was published as far back as 1939, yet he is still writing and teaching. His greatest distinction has been his ability to predict coming trends in business and economics. As a result, his ideas are treated with the greatest respect and interest.
D Frederick Herzberg
Although relatively few contemporary management students will have read his books, Herzberg s name is instantly recognisable to anyone who has studied industrial organisations. This is because the American psychologist was responsible for introducing the concept of motivation into management thinking.
As a young man, Herzberg became deeply interested in mental illness and the human need for mental and emotional satisfaction. This led him to criticise the approach of many companies to job design, and to argue for the need for job enrichment to stimulate employees efforts.
E Tom Peters
The American s reputation was created in the I 980s by the spectacular success of one book, In Search of Excellence, co-written with Robert Waterman. The two were working together as management consultants and no-one expected their first (and only) book to end up selling 5 million copies worldwide!
Although his ideas have been criticised, Peters popularity as a speaker and writer has continued to grow. So much so that Peters has created his own business to market books, videos and consultancy based on his work.
#p#副标题#e#PART TWO
Questions 9 - 14
· Read this text from an article about health clubs.
· Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill in each of the gaps.
· For each gap 9 - 14, mark one letter A - H on your Answer Sheet.
· Do not use any letter more than once.
· There is an example at the beginning (0).
Travel stress brings boom to health clubs
A rapid growth in business travel has provided a lucrative spin-off for British health clubs as companies try to prevent hard-working executives from suffering travel-related stress.
Health clubs are fully booked throughout the coming months all around the country and many are planning to expand their facilities.
0 H According to Gillie Turner, group marketing manager for the Champneys group of health clubs, during the last recession executives lost many of their extra benefits as companies cut back. . 9 She says that large companies also seem to have decided that it is no good sending someone to a country like Spain as a reward for doing a good job, because they will simply eat too much and flop onto a beach. . 10
Champneys, the company acknowledged as the market leader in this field, is now planning to introduce a special "Profiting from Stress" course, which will run over three days. . 11 Jonathon Stapleton, general manager of Champneys, says that modern corporate life being what it is, most business travellers find that they are having to do the work which - even a year ago - was done by two. 12
To meet this new demand, other health clubs are also thinking of introducing similar schemes. Clare Brandish, the sales and marketing director of another health club, has noticed a marked change in the clientele at her club. . 13
Businesses of all kinds are anxious to reduce absenteeism. . 14 Much of the problem is caused by long periods away from home, irregular hours, business entertaining and jet lag.
According to the Guild of Business Travel Agents, sales of business-class airline tickets have risen by 12% in the past year, hotel bookings have gone up by 36% and car hire has risen by 24%. Dave Reynolds, the GBTA chief executive, says that the trouble is that the same number of people are being asked to travel more often. He comments that it is no
wonder they need to take a break in a health club.
A It has been calculated that about 40 million working days are lost each year in Britain because of stress, ten times as many as are lost 10 industrial disputes.
B This has involved a considerable rise in the number of business bookings, whereas previously most clients came as private individuals.
C Now they are being restored, as industry realises that the health of its executives is vital.
D But who will benefit most from these developments?
E Because of the pressures this imposes, many companies have now decided that it is worthwhile paying for their senior executives to take a proper break and get advice on how to combat stress.
F Executives taking part in it will be given massages and health treatments, workouts and a range of talks on how to deal with stress, especially when travelling.
G So what s the reason for this now trend?
#p#副标题#e#PART THREE
Questions 15 - 20
· Read the following article on recruiting and managing staff and the questions on the opposite page.
· Each question has four suggested answers or ways of finishing the sentence, A, B, C and D.
· Mark one letter A, B, C or D on your Answer Sheet, for the answer you choose.
As a manager in the service industry sector, I've looked at hundreds of CVs in my time. They are not necessarily the bland documents some bosses might think they are! They are full of little pointers towards individuals personalities and suitability for the job. The first thing I always look at is an applicant s employment record. I check for continuity and stability. If somebody has a long list of previous jobs, all of varying length, alarm bells start ringing. Rather than an irregular route from job to job, what I hope to see is stable career progression. What does their career path look like - is it all steps forward, or are there a lot of sideways moves? And I am always pleased to find a family person with children, because in my experience they tend to be responsible and reliable.
I never rely on CVs alone. We get applicants to fill in one of our own application forms. We ask why they've applied, what their aspirations and personal goals are, and also about their interests and hobbies and any clubs they belong to. That gives you a useful insight into their personality and lifestyle. The application form also enables us to test how much people have actually been progressing in their careers, because we ask for details of the salaries they have received for each job.
It s always worth looking at CVs and designing application forms with great care. Taking on employees might be rewarding, but it is also a big investment for any business. Mistakes in choosing staff can cost companies dear, so it makes sense to spend time ensuring you get the right person.
In the service sector, one of the aims of companies is to maintain and improve customer service, and this is achieved partly through low staff turnover. You need to take on people who understand that, and will want to stay. That s why, when you've taken staff on, the next thing is getting the best out of them.
My management style comes from the days when I took over my first business, an ailing road haulage firm which I was certain I could turn into a profitable company. The first thing is to treat others as you d like to be treated yourself. As soon as I took over the business, I talked to everybody individually, and looked for ways to make sure their particular skills benefited the company.
I didn't have much experience then of managing people, but above all I always tried to be fair and honest with everyone. As a result, I think the staff knew that and accepted my decisions, even if they didn't agree with them all. Also, bosses must be able to communicate. You also need to create team spirit, and build on the strength of the team. I explained my plans for the company to all the staff, and let them all know what I needed from them. The lorry drivers responded brilliantly, and were the key to turning the business round. They understood that we had to develop a professional reputation, and from then on the days of poor quality deliveries were over.
Lastly, I am a great believer in profit-sharing. It takes a team to make a company work, so profits should be shared by all. Job satisfaction is important, but it doesn't pay the rent. Shared profit and bonuses help to strengthen team spirit by giving everyone a common goal that they work towards together.
15 What fact does the writer hope to learn from applicants CVs?
A that they have experience of many different jobs
B that their careers have developed steadily
C the opinion their employers had of them
D whether they are married or single
16 The writer says the application form is useful because it
A reveals something of the applicant s character.
B gives information about the applicant s family.
C explains what skills the applicant has for the job.
D shows how much the applicant wants to earn.
17 According to the writer, why are CVs and application forms so important?
A Interviewing people is an expensive process.
B They indicate whether applicants really want the job.
C They indicate whether applicants are efficient or not.
D Employing the wrong people can be disastrous.
18 One reason why the writer was successful in her first business was that
A she was used to dealing with people.
B she was open with the staff.
C the business was already doing well when she started.
D the staff agreed with all her decisions.
19 The writer believes profit-sharing is a good idea because
A it encourages a competitive spirit.
B everyone earns the same salary.
C everyone shares the same aim.
D it creates job satisfaction.
20 Which would make the best title for this text?
A Profit-sharing as motivation
B How I turned a business round
C People - the key to business success
D The importance of a well-presented CV
PART FOUR
Questions 21 - 30
· Read the article below about a method of learning languages for business people.
· Choose the best word from the opposite page to fill each gap.
· For each question 21 - 30 mark one letter A, B, C or D on your Answer Sheet.
· There is an example at the beginning (0).
Language learning for the busy executive
If you've ever been told by your boss to improve your knowledge of a foreign language you'll know that ……(0)…… doesn't come quickly. It generally takes years to learn another language well and constant ……(21)…… to maintain the high standards required for frequent business use. Whether you study in a class, with audiocassettes, computers or on your ……(22)…… sooner or ……(23)…… every language course finishes and you must decide what to do next if you need a foreign language for your career.
Business Audio Magazines is a new product designed to help you continue language study in a way that fits easily into your busy schedule. Each audiocassette ……(24)…… of an hour-long programme packed with business news, features and interviews in the language of your choice. These cassettes won t teach you how to order meals or ask for directions. It is ……(25)…… that you can do that already. Instead, by giving you an opportunity to hear the language as it s really spoken, they help you to ……(26)…… your vocabulary and improve your ability to use real language relating to, for example, that all-important marketing trip.
The great advantage of using audio magazines is that they ……(27)…… you to perfect your language skills in ways that suit your lifestyle. For example, you can select a topic and listen in your car or hotel when away on business. No other business course is as ……(28)…… And the unique radio-magazine format is as instructive as it is entertaining. In addition to the audiocassette, this package includes a transcript with a business glossary and a study ……(29)…… The components are structured so that intermediate and advanced students may use them separately or together ……(30)…… on their ability.
Example: A B C D
20 A gain B result C success D outcome
21 A exercise B performance C practice D operation
22 A self B individual C personal D own
23 A after B then C later D quicker
24 A consists B includes C contains D involves
25 A insisted B acquired C asserted D assumed
26 A prolong B extend C spread D lift
27 A allow B let C support D offer
28 A adjustable B flexible C convertible D variable
29 A addition B supplement C extra D manuscript
30 A according B depending C relating D basing
#p#副标题#e#PART FIVE
Questions 31 - 40
· Read the article below about meetings.
· For each question 31 - 40 write one word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet.
How to make more of meetings
You should know what ends you want to achieve in a meeting before it starts and prepare for it (0)……reading any papers circulated beforehand, and carefully thinking about (31)…… you want to say. This may sound rather boring, but solid preparation is the key to successful meetings: A great (32)……of time and energy can be wasted through simple lack of planning.
The most important issues are not always given the most time in the general running of meetings. People are often unwilling (33)…… discuss important budgetary matters because they do not fully understand them, but (34)…… becomes an expert when it comes to discussing the colour of the new curtains, or what type of coffee to buy The discussion of (35)…… trivial matters as these, therefore, should be saved until the end of the meeting.
During the meeting it is essential to stick to the agenda so (36)……to avoid the common problem of repetition. At the same time you (37)…… to be sensitive to other people s ideas and feelings, and never lose your temper. Be prepared to accept (38)…… implement a suggestion that is contrary to (39)…… own ideas if it is an improvement on them; such honesty and flexibility are signs of good leadership and earn respect.
Finally, remember that when a decision is made it is important to act (40)…… it and to honour all the commitments you have made in the meeting.
PART SIX
Questions 41 - 50
· In most lines of the following text, there is one unnecessary word. It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the sense of the text.
· For each numbered line 41 - 50, find the unnecessary word and then write the word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet. Some lines are correct. If a line is correct, write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet. The exercise begins with two examples (0) and (00).
Customer care
0 Apart from ensuring that an efficient electricity supply for our
00 customers, NatElectric provides an invaluable service in other areas
41 as well. While our Customer Helpline (charged at local rates) is the
42 first point of contact with when you want to make an enquiry and
43 we receive a huge number of calls from customers - on
44 average, there are 50 000 calls a one week. Available 24 hours
45 a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year, our Helpline on advisors
46 aim at to answer 95 per cent of all calls within 15 seconds. There
47 are more than 200 advisors, working in around the clock to
48 provide for this service, backed by a further 80 support staff
49 who do handle any necessary paperwork. Although our target
50 is to reply to letters within 10 working days, NatElectric regularly responds within
three to four days, and we are especially proud of the standards achieved by our customer relations team.
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BEC商务英语开考以来,其权威性得到国人的一致认可,对于即将进入职场的在校学生或已工作的青年来说,它成了就业、求职的重要砝码。但自BEC考试采用新题型以来,很多考生对此还不是很了解,为止我们采访了上海新东方学校BEC考试专家,就商务英语的题型及考试作了详解。
在读文章时只需抓住文章和各段的Main Idea即可,有较强阅读能力的考生尽可能快地速读出句子之间的逻辑关系,而细节跳跃式阅读法效果很好。解题时,学生要放松心态,因为题目不难,只是在做一个"定位+同义词、近义词"游戏罢了。值得注意的是这部分与四六级及考研阅读理解题不同,BEC阅读理解题目不能过细地去推敲,正确选项一般都是原句+改写。
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下面是读文网小编整理的bec商务英语高级词汇,欢迎大家阅读!
1. bullet point “弹头“圆点,弹点,文件中用来导引各要点的园点符号,亦作bullet。
e.g. These points for discussion are indicated by bullet points.
这些讨论要点由“弹头”圆点标明。
2. business concept 经营理念
e.g. This business concept has proved over the years to be extremely popular with British and international tourists alike.
多年来实践证明,这种经营理念得到英国及外国游客的普遍欢迎。
3. business district 商务地段,商务区(指写字楼、办公场所、银行、商店集中的区域或地段),亦作commercial district, commercial area, corporate business area
e.g. The hotel is only a five-minute walk from the business and shopping districts.
本饭店步行仅5分钟即可到达商务购物区
4. business class (飞机、车、船等的)公务舱,头等舱,亦作first class,与条件稍次、票价较低的economy class(经济舱)相对
e.g. The small airline has beaten the huge Royal Dutch KLM airline, and other national state air companies, to win the title of Europe's best usiness class service.
那家小型航空公司击败强手英国皇家荷兰航空公司及其他国家级豪华航空公司,荣获欧洲最佳商务舱服务的称号。
5. business-format franchising 经营模式特许权(特许授予者向特许经营者提供一个完整的经营模式,其中包括商标的使用、提供销售的商品或服务,经营手法、品质控制、市场策划、选择经营地点及其他必要的服务等,较显著的例子是麦当劳餐厅)
6. business hours 营业时间、办公时间
e.g. Normal business hours are between 9 am and 5 pm.
正常营业时间是上午9点到下午5 点。
7. business overdraft 商业透支,业务透支(银行提供给客户的短期贷款,使客户可支取多于其在银行帐户的金额)
e.g. A business overdraft would be most suitable for short-term loans.
商业透支项目最适合短期贷款。
8. business partner 商业伙伴
e.g. We work for lasting relationship with our business partners.
我们努力与商业伙伴建立永久关系。
9. business plan 经营计划(包括在一定时期提高销量、开发新产品,以及如何筹措资金、资源等)
e.g. The bank manager wants to see a business plan before agreeing to lend money.
银行经理要求先看该公司的业务规划再考虑是否准予贷款。
10. business practice 经营方式
e.g. Changing business practice have encouraged companies to move to brand-new premises.
不断变化的经营方式促使企业向新建场所搬迁。
11. business process(ing) re-engineering 业务流程重组,简称BPR
12. business sense 商业头脑,经商能力
e.g. We need to employ someone with (a) good business sense and social skills.
我们需要雇用懂得经商之道及社交技巧的人。
13. business teams 企业管理团队
e.g. Today’s business teams take many forms and handle many tasks.
当今企业管理团队有多种形式,担当多种任务。
14. Business Telecard International 国际商务电话卡,简称BTI
e.g. You can use your Business Telecard International at any card phone in the UK.
在英国任何一部卡式电话机上,都可以使用国际商务电话卡。
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become的意思是变成,成为,变得那么become的同义词有哪些呢,以下是读文网小编为大家整理的become的同义词和例句,以供大家参考。
Vast areas of land have become desert.
广大的地区均已变成沙漠。
You may also find that reading has become more fun than work!
你或许也会发现阅读已经变成是有趣的事,而不是工作。
The entrepreneur has become a news figure.
这位企业家变成了新闻人物。
Every one cannot become businessman.
不是所有的人都能成为商人。
This place has become a famous summer resort.
这个地方已成为一个避暑胜地。
This priest wants to become a bishop.
这位牧师想成为主教。
The meeting began to become clamorous.
会议开始变得喧哗了。
I was pleased to see how peaceable the horse had become.
我很高兴地看到这匹马变得这么温顺。
The weather became warmer.
天气变暖和了。
Class distinctions have become less important during the last 50 years.
在过去五十年间,社会等级差别已经变得不那么重要了。
Such behavior did not become her.
这种举止与她的身份不相称。
I hope that you will become our patron. 我希望你将成为我们的靠山。
Why do some people foul up and become criminals? 为什么有些人犯错误而成为犯人?
Don't disparage her attempts to become an actress. 别贬低她想成为一名女演员的努力。
We become companion in misfortune from then on. 从那时起,我们就成了患难之交。
It has become the laughingstock of the town. 这已成为全城的笑柄。
Life has become unbearable to her. 对于她来说,生活变得不堪容忍。
What have you become? 你们成为什么?
If you do this, each day will become an eternity. 如果你这么做,每一天都将成为一个永恒。
How do you become an artist? 你如何成为一个艺术家?
So why become an astronaut at all? 那么,为什么要成为一名宇航员呢?
Do you have some hints for me, how to become a good economist? 如何成为一名好的经济学家,你有什么给我的提示吗?
In partnership with the US, both have the potential to become the solution ratherthan the problem. 而与美国合作,中美双方就都有可能参与解决问题,而不是成为问题本身。
And, so what does that become? 那么,这个变成了什么呢?
There, he hoped to become an actor or singer. 他希望能在那儿成为一名演员或歌手。
I urge all of you who have not yet become Parties to do so, and thank those whohave. 我敦促你们所有尚未成为缔约方的国家成为缔约方,并感谢已成为缔约方的国家。
And that is why he belongs on this Mall -– because he saw what we mightbecome. 这就是他属于这座广场的原因——因为他看到我们会成为什么样的人。
I would like to become friends with your two daughters. 我很想和你的两个女儿成为朋友,可以吗?
And then become body theorists,if there are no souls. 然后变成肉体理论家,假如没有灵魂存在。
This has become so natural to us that we are not even aware of it. 这对我们来说已经变得很自然了,只是我们都没有注意到它。
All the talk is what will become of them, and their families, in the future. 谈论的都是他们,他们的家人,以及他们的未来将会变成什么样子。
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because表 因为的意思,那么你知道because的短语有哪些吗?接下来小编为大家整理了because的短语搭配,希望对你有帮助哦!
1. She feels devalued because she knows her husband has had affairs.
她觉得自己掉价了,因为她知道丈夫有了外遇。
2. I denied my father because I wanted to become someone else.
我和父亲断绝了关系,因为我想成为一个不一样的自己。
3. I get very nervous because I'm using a lot of expensive equipment.
因为正在使用很多昂贵的设备,所以我非常紧张。
4. Because you're not burning calories, everything you eat turns to fat.
由于没有消耗卡路里,你吃的所有东西都会变成脂肪。
5. He was not a particularly good shot because of his eyesight.
他视力不好,算不上是一个出色的射手。
6. The man was known to the police because of previous convictions.
因为有犯罪前科,警察们都认识这个人。
7. I thought they were laughing at me because I was ugly.
我觉得他们嘲笑我是因为我长得丑。
8. The boy was unhappy because he thought he was friendless.
这个男孩自认为没有朋友,所以闷闷不乐。
9. He won the election because the Democrats self-destructed in their primary.
民主党在初选中自毁长城,所以才让他赢得了选举。
10. His government began to unravel because of a banking scandal.
他的政府由于一起金融丑闻而开始瓦解。
11. Abidjan was thrown into turmoil because of a protest by taxi drivers.
出租车司机的抗议使得阿比让陷入了混乱。
12. Most of them are destroyed because they've served their purpose.
它们中大多数在完成使命后被销毁。
13. The reason women are drinking is just because they like it.
女人喝酒只是因为她们喜欢喝。
14. They actually moved down from upstairs because the rent's that expensive.
他们确实从楼上搬到了楼下,因为房租太贵了。
15. Don't try and double-cross me, Taylor, because I'll kill you.
别跟我耍花招,泰勒,要不我会杀了你。
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电脑,又称计算机,是机械的一种,现在使用的越来越多。接下来小编为大家整理了计算机软件高级词汇中英对照,希望对你有帮助哦!
软件经验数据 software experience data
软件风险 software hazard
软件库管理员 software librarian
软件库 software library
软件生存周期 software life cycle
软件维护员 software maintainer
软件监控程序 software monitor
软件操作员 software operator
软件产品 software product
软件采购员 software purchaser
软件质量 software quality
质量保证 quality assurance
质量度量学 quality metrics
软件度量学 software metrics
软件质量保证 software quality assurance
软件质量评判准则 software quality criteria
软件可靠性 software reliability
软件注册员 software registrar
软件储藏库 software repository
软件复用 software reuse
软件安全性 software safety
软件潜行分析 software sneak analysis
软件单元 software unit
软件验证程序 software verifier
规约语言 specification language
规约验证 specification verification
稳定性 stability
供方 supplier
支持软件 support software
符号执行 symbolic execution
系统体系结构 system architecture
系统设计 system design
系统文档 system documentation
系统库 system library
系统可靠性 system reliability
系统软件 system software
系统确认 system validation
系统验证 system verification
终止性证明 termination proof
测试用例生成程序 test case generator
测试覆盖 test coverage
测试数据生成程序 test data generator
测试驱动程序 test driver
测试阶段 test phase
测试过程 test procedure
测试可重复性 test repeatability
测试报告 test report
分时 time sharing
计时分析程序 timing analyzer
追踪程序 tracer
培训 training
类型 type
软件性能 software performance
自适应性 adaptability
内聚性 cohesion
模块性 modularity
可复用性 reusability
部分正确性 partial correctness
完全正确性 total correctness
有效性 validity
用户合同管理员 user contract administrator
用户文档 user documentation
实用软件 utility software
版本控制 version control
更改控制 change control
基线 baseline
原型 prototype
原型制作 prototyping
原型速成 rapid prototyping
领域建模 domain modeling, DM
体系结构建模 architecture modeling, AM
黑箱 black-box
白箱 white-box
领域工程师 domain engineer
软件体系结构 software architecture
软件再工程 software reengineering
软件过程 software process
可复用构件 reusable component
基于构件的软件开发 component-based software development, CBSD
基于构件的软件工程 component-based software engineering, CBSE
3C模型 concept, content and context 3C 3C指概念、内容和语境。
特定领域软件体系结构 domain-specific software architecture, DSSA
软件体系结构风格 software architectural style, SAS
合法性撤消 revocation又称“合法性取消”。
版本升级 version upgrade
向下兼容 downward compatibility
向上兼容 upward compatibility
管理过程 management process
获取过程 acquisition process
供应过程 supply process
维护过程 maintenance process
支持过程 supporting process
剪裁过程 tailoring process
软件工程经济学 software engineering economics
计算机软件的法律保护 legal protection of computer software
软件版权 software copyright
事务分析 transaction analysis
人工认知 artificial cognition
脑功能模块 brain function module
脑成像 brain imaging
脑模型 brain model
脑科学 brain science
知识块 chunk
认知 cognition
认知映射 cognitive mapping
认知过程 cognitive process
认知心理学 cognitive psychology
认知仿真 cognitive simulation
认知系统 cognitive system
思维科学 noetic science
认知科学 cognitive science
感知 perception
认知模型 cognitive model
动态记忆 dynamic memory
情景记忆 episodic memory
认识学 epistemology
智能 intelligence
智能科学 intelligent science
群体智能 swarm intelligence
宏理论 macro-theory
记忆组织包 memory organization packet, MOP
记忆表示 memory representation
心智能力 mental ability
心智图像 mental image
心智信息传送 mental information transfer
心智机理 mental mechanism
心智状态 mental state
心智心理学 mental psychology
微理论 micro-theory
机器智能 machine intelligence
物理符号系统 physical symbol system
DS理论 Dempster-Shafer theory
框架语法 frame grammar
知识工程 knowledge engineering, KE
知识 knowledge
领域知识 domain knowledge
启发式知识 heuristic knowledge
常识 commonsense
知识表示 knowledge representation, KR
陈述性知识 declarative knowledge
过程性知识 procedural knowledge
知识表示方式 knowledge representation mode
知识模式 knowledge schema
框架知识表示 frame knowledge representation
概念结点 concept node
脚本知识表示 script knowledge representation
状态空间 state space
状态图 state graph
元知识 metaknowledge
元规则 metarule
面向对象表示 object-oriented representation
黑板 blackboard
黑板结构 blackboard structure
知识源 knowledge source
知识结构 knowledge structure
问题 problem
问题诊断 problem diagnosis
问题重构 problem reformulation
问题空间 problem space
问题状态 problem state
过程分析 procedure analysis
进程定性推理 process qualitative reasoning
规则子句 rule clause
规则 rule
启发式规则 heuristic rule
前提 antecedent, premise
条件式 conditions
产生式规则 production rule
产生式系统 production system
领域无关规则 domain-independent rule
反向推理 backward reasoning, backward chained reasoning
双向推理 bidirection reasoning
目标导向推理 goal-directed reasoning
基于知识推理 knowledge-based inference
逻辑推理 logical reasoning
自顶向下推理 top-down reasoning
自底向上推理 bottom-up reasoning
元推理 metareasoning
不确定推理 uncertain reasoning
模糊推理 fuzzy reasoning
类比推理 analogical inference
单调推理 monotonic reasoning
非单调推理 non-monotonic reasoning
限定推理 circumscription reasoning
目标引导行为 goal-directed behavior
启发式算法 heuristic algorithm
启发式方法 heuristic approach
启发式函数 heuristic function
启发式信息 heuristic information
启发式程序 heuristic program
启发式技术 heuristic technique
不完全性理论 incompleteness theory
不合逻辑 illogicality
合一 unification
合一子 unifier
泛合一 universal unification
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英语写作高级词汇
一、自然、生态、环境
1.好词
(1)Environmental/water/air/noisepollution
(2)Resourcesexhaustion
(3)Wildlifeextinction
(4)Endangeredspecies
(5)Naturalhabitat
(6)Reserveareas
(7)Sand/duststorm
(8)Clear-cutting/deforestation
(9)Overfishing
(10)Overgrazing
提高英语写作分数的33个词组
1.经济的快速发展therapiddevelopmentofeconomy
2.人民生活水平的显著提高/稳步增长theremarkableimprovement/steadygrowthofpeople’slivingstandard
3.先进的科学技术advancedscienceandtechnology
4.面临新的机遇和挑战befacedwithnewopportunitiesandchallenges
5.人们普遍认为Itiscommonlybelieved/recognizedthat…
6.社会发展的必然结果theinevitableresultofsocialdevelopment
7.引起了广泛的公众关注arousewidepublicconcern/drawpublicattention
8.不可否认Itisundeniablethat…/Thereisnodenyingthat…/
9.热烈的讨论/争论aheateddiscussion/debate
10.有争议性的问题acontroversialissue
11.完全不同的观点atotallydifferentargument
12.一些人…而另外一些人…Somepeople…whileothers…
13.就我而言/就个人而言AsfarasIamconcerned,/Personally,
14.就…达到绝对的一致reachanabsoluteconsensuson…
15.有充分的理由支持besupportedbysoundreasons
16.双方的论点argumentonbothsides
17.发挥着日益重要的作用playanincreasinglyimportantrolein…
18.对…必不可少beindispensableto…
19.正如谚语所说Astheproverbgoes:
20.…也不例外…benoexception
21.对…产生有利/不利的影响exertpositive/negativeeffectson…
22.利远远大于弊theadvantagesfaroutweighthedisadvantages。
23.导致,引起leadto/giveriseto/contributeto/resultin
24.复杂的社会现象acomplicatedsocialphenomenon
25.责任感/成就感senseofresponsibility/senseofachievement
26.竞争与合作精神senseofcompetitionandcooperation
27.开阔眼界widenone’shorizon/broadenone’svision
28.学习知识和技能acquireknowledgeandskills
29.经济/心理负担financialburden/psychologicalburden
30.考虑到诸多因素takemanyfactorsintoaccount/consideration
31.从另一个角度fromanotherperspective
32.做出共同努力makejointefforts
33.对…有益bebeneficial/conduciveto…
34.为社会做贡献makecontributionstothesociety
35.打下坚实的基础layasolidfoundationfor…
36.综合素质comprehensivequality
37.无可非议blameless/beyondreproach
39.致力于/投身于becommitted/devotedto…
【扩展阅读篇】
作文是决定语文考试成绩的“半壁江山”,因此作文的成败往往决定了整个语文考试的成败。那么怎样让考试作文得高分呢?我觉得以下几点必须注意。
1、题和立意凡考试作文必须审题,原因是考生要在同一环境下,作公平的竞争。审题,就是要对试题展现的所有内容作全面、准确的审读和理解,把命题者的意图读出来,把题目的各种限制审清楚,明确要我写什么,怎么写,写到什么程度,真正做到全面领会,深刻把握,不偏不漏、不折不扣地按要求写作文。高考作文评判明确规定,凡审题有问题的试卷最后得分一般都不超过二类卷最低分。由此可见,审题的准确与否是作文成败的关键因素。立意,就是要作者站在时代的高度,去观察、认识生活,提炼主题,使主题体现时代的精神,既反映时代,也作用于时代,跳动时代的脉搏,推动着时代的前进。文章的“意”, 其实就是作者在体验生活中逐步孕育而成的一种思想,是作者的主观认识与客观实际相“撞击”的产物,它反映作者的思想水平、认识水平以及在社会生活中形成的世界观、人生观、价值观等。近两年的作文教改提倡学生写真实生活、真实自我,有些同学忽视了对文章思想倾向的把握,看问题不全面,观点偏激,更有甚者由腐败现象而怀疑党的领导和党的政策。尽管当今的中国社会政治清明,言论自由,话说错了不会追查什么政治问题,但作为未来社会的建设者,正确的是非观还是应该有的。这一点必须注意。
2、标然,越显得你成熟老练。另外,要把每一段的首句写好。每一段的首句犹如人的眉目,把首句写好,“眉清目秀”,整个段落都显着精神。
3、文体和内容高考作文试题对文体的要求有两类:一类是规定必须写某种文体,如“写一篇议论文”;另一类是排除写某种文体,如“除诗歌外,其他文体不限”。考生必须按规定的文体去写。近几年高考作文题中“文体不限”,让考生自由选择文体,这里要特别注意,文体不限不是不要文体,而是要你在选择了一种文体后,一定要按这种文体特点写作,要写什么象什么。不可随心所欲,写成不伦不类的“四不像”文章。文章内容方面:不假思索就能想到的东西,绝对不要写;稍加思索想到的也不要写;花上几分钟,想别人想不到的内容来写。记叙文最好将主人公设定为自己,用第一人称入文,让“我”的激情在文章中闪光,情真意切,引起共鸣。议论文切忌大话、套话、废话,要避免空发议论,无病呻吟,滥提口号,乱发号召,空表决心等等。作文可以虚构,“允许”编写故事,但不等于提倡“编写故事”,编写故事要做到“大胆想象,自圆其说”。滥编、胡编,绝对不会得高分。
4、开头和结尾应试作文的开头结尾,就是文章的刀刃。平时在课内外所学的各种开头结尾的方法完全可以用在应试作文题和段落标题是文章的眼睛,也是阅卷老师对文章的第一印象,特别是自拟题目写作,阅卷老师很看重考生所拟的标题。俗话说:“秧好一半谷,题好一半文”,可见题目的重要性。有些考生先写正文再拟标题,文章写好后也许是没有时间写标题,也许是忘了补写标题。虽然评分规定无标题扣2分,但实际结果却远非2分。有人曾做过这样的实验,将几篇写得较好的作文,按保留标题和隐去标题两种类型请两组老师分别予以阅卷,其分数差别一般都在5分以上。这是因为阅卷老师对无标题作文产生了一种心理距离,不知不觉便降低了分数等级。至于如何拟题,我觉得应做到这样几条:①确切。指符合文章内容,也指遣词造句符合规范)。②精练。指标题字数恰当。③生动。指题目能体现出一种活力,具有可读性,饶有情趣。④新颖。指有新视角、新思路、新感悟,能够给人一种新鲜感。⑤有意蕴。指有内在的含义。拟题方法多种多样,可以运用修辞拟题,可以引用俗语拟题,可以化用古语拟题,可以借用成语拟题,可以套用流行语拟题,也可以巧用其他学科公式或符号拟题等等,考生可以根据自己的情况灵活运用。段落:考试作文最忌首、腹、尾三段式的结构。把文章分为几段更好?千字以内的作文,我觉得分为5-8个自然段就可以了。因为自然段分得越自上。不管你使用什么方法开头和结尾,必须做到开头起笔入题,结尾点明主旨。为了给评卷老师一个好的印象,开头结尾千万不要涂抹。有道是:良好的开端是成功的一半。可有些考生犯“入题慢”的毛病:有的把大段的原材料全部照搬;有的把本来简洁的原材料进行扩展;有的开篇摆材料,古今中外,慢慢道来。开篇松散,占去了大量的篇幅,后面的真正应该说的内容却“千呼万唤不出来”,有的只是一笔带过,草草收兵,比例严重失调,使老师难以衡量其实际写作水平。古人写文章讲究“凤头”、“猪肚”、“豹尾”,这是有一定道理的。可有些考生作文来不及刹尾,或用一句话硬断,或点上一串省略号,这样即使你雕出了“凤头”,壮大了“猪肚”,也会因为没有“豹尾”而不成其好文章,得不到高分。阅卷老师衡量一篇文章的好坏,首先是看其整体。所以,考生交给老师的无论如何也应是一篇完整的作文。
5、语言和字数考试作文语言要规范准确,具有个性和活力。不要文白夹杂;不要使用别人看不懂的方言和词汇;少用长句多用短句;可引进部分时代新词汇,引用名言警句,引用流行的通俗歌曲歌词,引用百姓口头民谣,但取向一定要积极向上,真正让语言亮起来。照理说,文章是表情达意的工具,有话则长,无话则短,似乎不应有字数的限制。但考试作文,作为一种特殊形式的作文,为了达到一定的考查目的,并考虑到考试时间等因素,一般对字数都作了规定。我们必须按照规定去做。限最低字数的,一定要写够数量或稍微超过50—100字才好。如果字数不足,虽然评分标准规定,不足字数的,每少50字扣1分,但实际情况是,字数不足往往被认为文章内容单薄,分数很难上档次。限最高字数的,不要超过。否则,给人一种臃肿的感觉,再说,作文写得长,花的时间多,解答前面的题用的时间少,必定会受到影响。如果没有限最高字数,一般就是以作文纸为限,即要在作文纸格子内行文。千万不要自作多情,超出作文格子,以免出力不讨好。
6、书写和卷面近年高考作文评分标准中,书写都占相当的比分。一般不要求写得好看,但要求书写整齐易辨认,一笔一画清清楚楚,不写草字。标点符号书写也要规范,特别是格式要正确,句号、逗号、问号、叹号、顿号、分号不要出现在一行之首;引号、括号、书名号前半不出现在一行之末,可以在这些符号后面挤着写一个字;引号、括号、书名号后一半不出现在一行之首,可以把这些符号挤在上一行之末。省略号、破折号占两个格,不能断开,写不下时挤在一行之末。至于作文的卷面,正如人的容貌一样,给人的印象是重要的,尤其是高考作文,卷面整洁与否直接影响着阅卷老师的心理和情绪,书写工整,卷面清洁,让人一看心中先喜三分,其结果是可想而知的。
7、检查与修改考试作文试题和其他试题一样,做完后也需要认真检查,看有没有笔误的错别字,有没有不通顺的句子,有没有需要调整的内容。审查发现了错别字、错用了词语一定要修改过来,对于句段该删的要删掉,该增的要增补,只是要改得清楚、整洁,使人一目了然。不能因为修改而影响了卷面的整洁。
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英语单词是学英语的基础,多记忆背诵才能学好英语。下面读文网小编为大家带来剑桥高级英语单词,欢迎大家学习!
cover verb 代替
department noun 部门/科/系
personnel noun 人事部
edit verb 编辑,校订
efficient adjective 有效率的/能干的
examine verb 检查,调查
extended adjective 延长的
cost noun 成本
quotes noun 引号
doubt noun 怀疑,疑问
exclamation mark noun 感叹号
factory noun 工厂
subsidiary adjective 辅助/补充的
freight noun 货物,运费
dial verb 拨(电话)
dispatch verb 派遣,发送
milestone noun 里程碑,转折点
numerous adjective 许多的,无数的
railroad = railway noun 铁路
spearhead verb 领先/充当先锋
turn of the century 世纪之交
versatile adjective 万能的/多才多艺的
domestic adjective 国内的
exchange verb 交换,兑换
hostile adjective 敌对的
impatience noun 急躁
polite adjective 有礼貌的,有教养的
abroad adjective, adverb 往国外/海外
vehicle noun 交通工具
briefcase noun 公文包
bug noun 窃听器
detector noun 探测器
disguise noun 伪装
distributor noun 经销商
eavesdrop verb 偷听
以上就是读文网小编为大家带来的剑桥高级英语单词,希望对大家的学习有所帮助!
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2016年BEC商务英语考试马上就要到来,下面读文网小编为大家带来2016年BEC商务英语考试时间,希望对你有所帮助。
笔试当天下午或者第二天上午进行口语考试。其先后顺序是按照姓名首字母排列的。一定要注意自己的编号。口语考试程序如下:
1.被叫号的人进入候考室候考。
2.在候考室内进行分组。由叫号老师分组,一般是14组,28个人同时候考。
需要注意的是:候考大约有10-15分钟时间,要耐心等待。利用这段时间你可以和搭档再练练口语,分配好口语第三部分话题任务,定下来由谁先开头,记住两个人别争吵。
口语考试采取面试形式,试题由三部分构成,是有关商务话题的简短谈话和讨论。考场内有两位考官,一位负责提问, 一位负责评分。评分的考官(assessor)按以下四个标准给分:语法和词汇、谈话组织、发音、互动式交流。提问的考官(interlocutor)对整个测试给个总分。
考试分两个阶段进行。第一阶段为笔试,包括阅读、写作和听力,第二阶段为口试。考试时间分别为:
BEC1阅读、写作70分钟,听力30分钟,口试约10分钟;
BEC2阅读、写作90分钟、听力35分钟、口试约12分钟;
BEC3阅读、写作100分钟、听力40分钟、口试约14分钟。
考试分两个阶段进行。第一阶段为笔试,包括阅读、写作和听力,第二阶段为口试。考试时间分别为:BEC1阅读、写作70分钟,听力30分钟,口试约10分钟;BEC2阅读、写作90分钟、听力35分钟、口试约12分钟;BEC3阅读、写作100分钟、听力40分钟、口试约14分钟。
BEC试题中的词汇、文章类型的选择以及情景的设置都与"职业"有关。此外,BEC考核考生理解文章主旨大意和在听力材料猜测生词的能力。
BEC考核考生在广阔的实际工作环境中应用英语的能力,如提供或询问个人信息、安排约会或会谈;了解办公室沟通方式(报告、信函、备忘录等);迎接外宾、查询信息/作预定或定购工作;作电话记录;了解并说明公司产品/产品的定购/产品的运输系统;询问并提供有关产品或服务的信息等。
BEC考试涉及的主要包括:个人情况说明;办公室、商务环境与惯例;客户娱乐、业余时间与同事及客户的关系;旅游与会议;使用电话;健康与安全;买卖;公司结构、系统及程序;产品与服务;结果与成绩;商业问题。
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become有变成;成为;变得;适合等意思,那么你知道become的同义词有哪些吗?下面读文网小编为大家带来become的同义词和例句,欢迎大家学习。
这些动词均可表示"变成,成为"之意。
become 最普通用词,作为连系动词,指从一个状态向另一个状态的变化。
get 常指某人或某物有意无意地获得引起变化的因素,结果使变成另一状态。
grow 常指逐渐地变成新状态,强调渐变的过程。
turn 侧重指变得与原来截然不同,有时含贬义。
go 作为连系动词,通常与形容词连用,指进入某种状态,从而发生变化,多指不好的状态。
come 侧重变化的经过或过程,多用于不良情况。
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BEC,指的是剑桥商务英语资格考试。是剑桥系列考试中专为学习者提供的国际商务英语资格证书考试,考察真实工作环境中英语交流能力。下面读文网小编为大家带来BEC商务实用英语口语,供大家参考学习。
mr. baker is sent to beijing to make an inquiry at china national textiles corporation.
贝克先生来北京向中国纺织公司进行询价。
we regret that the goods you inquire about are not available.
很遗憾,你们所询的货物现在无货。
in the import and export business, we often make inquiries at foreign suppliers.
在进出口交易中,我们常向外商询价。
to make an inquiry about our oranges, a representative of the japanese company paid us a visit.
为了对我们的橙子询价,那家日本公司的一名代表访问了我们。
we cannot take care of your enquiry at present.
我们现在无力顾及你方的询盘。
your enquiry is too vague to enable us to reply you.
你们的询盘不明确,我们无法答复。
heavy enquiries witness the quality of our products.
大量询盘证明我们产品质量过硬。
as soon as the price picks up, enquiries will revive.
一旦价格回升,询盘将恢复活跃。
enquiries for carpets are getting more numerous.
对地毯的询盘日益增加。
enquiries are so large that we can only than allot you 200 cases.
询盘如此之多,我们只能分给你们200箱货。
enquiries are dwindling.
询盘正在减少。
enquiries are dried up.
询盘正在绝迹。
they promised to transfer their future enquiries to chinese corporations.
他们答应将以后的询盘转给中国公司
generally speaking, inquiries are made by the buyers.
询盘一般由买方发出。
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BEC商务英语考试,是考察真实工作环境中英语交流能力的资格证书考试。很多参加BEC考试的考生都不知道BEC写作的正确格式是怎样,那么下面读文网小编就为大家带来BEC写作格式附范文,供大家参考学习。
通行的商务写作格式,一般采用齐头式,因此在BEC写作中,也建议采用齐头式,看起来格式美观、逻辑清晰。
齐头式的写作格式要求:
段落齐头:在齐头式中,文件或书信中的每个部分都从左边界起头
不同的段落之间要空行:不同的部分(段与段之间),以空行的方式隔开
缩进式比齐头式稍微复杂一些。缩进式是比较老式的商务书信格式,所以很多人都熟悉这种格式。在缩进式里,每个段落的首行要缩进,一般最少要缩进六格,要缩更多格也可以——只要每个段落缩排的距离都一样。段与段之间要空行区分。所以采用缩进式时,最重要的就是要前后一致。
在BEC写作中,一般建议采用较为简单的齐头式格式,但是在字数不足的情况下,可以使用缩进式。
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