为您找到与21世纪研究生英语翻译教程相关的共200个结果:
下面是小编为大家整理的21世纪工程硕士研究生英语听说教程,希望对你有帮助!
21世纪工程硕士研究生英语听说教程》内容包括:课文、练习、参考答案、听力原文。全书共16个单元,每单元分为三部分:第一部分为Warm—up,围绕课文主题设计的问题可以帮助学生做好热身准备,进入情景;第二部分为Focus Listening,是听力部分的主体,有单项选择、填空、判断正误、简答题等几种主要题型。这一部分首先出现的是Basic Skills,从听辨基本的语音、语调、数字、地址等开始,训练内容由浅入深。后面的练习围绕主题展开,形式以对话和短文为主,内容涉及科技、教育、职业、文化、环境、网络、全球化、人际关系等热门话题:第三部分为Oral Practice,把听和说有效地结合在一起,是口语部分的主体。
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下面是读文网小编整理的21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册课后题,希望对大家有帮助。
卡罗琳·凯恩
人们普遍认为美国的教育制度已深陷困境。人人都意识到了这些可怕的事实:学校系统经费短缺,老师不会拼写,学生不会阅读,高中毕业生在地图上连中国也找不到。
我们大多数人都知道,或自以为知道,这应该怪谁:怪执法不严的法庭,怪软弱无能的校董会,怪荒.唐可笑的政府法令。要找个顶罪的坏蛋很容易。
但也许问题不是在于我们的机制而是在于我们的态度。可悲的是, 虽然我们大多数人都声称自己相信教育的价值, 但我们却不重视智力活动。
我们美国人是一个宽厚、仁慈的民族。我们有致力于每一项美好事业的机制 ── 从拯救无家可归的猫到防止第三次世界大战爆发。但是为促进思考的艺术我们做了些什么呢?当然在日常生活中我们没有为思考留出时间。假定一位男子对朋友们说,“今晚我不去参加家长教师联谊会(或不去看棒球赛或诸如此类的事)了,因为我需要留一些时间给我自己,留一些时间进行思考”?对这位男子邻居们就会避而远之;家人就会为他感到羞耻。如果一个十几岁的青少年说,“今天晚上我不去跳舞了,我需要一些时间进行思考”,那又会怎么样呢?他的父母会立即开始在黄页簿中查寻精神病医生的电话。
几年前一位学院行政管理人员告诉我,如果他想进行任何认真的思考,他只得早上5点30分起床 ── 我猜想因为那是唯一没人会打扰他的时刻。前些时候,我听到一位教授说,当他的朋友们撞见他正在读书时,他们会说,“啊,有这么多空闲时间一定很开心。” 尽管我是一名英语教师 ── 是一个应该更明事理的人 ── 但我却发现自己每次悄悄溜进图书馆看书时,都会隐隐约约感到有点心虚。 人们普遍认为:如果一个人在思考或阅读,他就是在无所事事。在生活中的每一天,我们都在通过言行表达这种看法。还有,我们疑惑不解为什么孩子们不肯认真对待他们的学习,为什么他们对老师说,“我为什么要学这玩意儿?这些东西以后对我什么用也没有;我永远都用不着。”
要理解为什么对思考会有这种偏见并不难。问题之一就是,在我们大多数人看来,思考似乎有无所事事之嫌。一个陷于沉思的人看上去的样子就叫人没劲。他靠着椅背,支起双脚,一口一口地抽着烟斗,两眼茫然地凝视着前方。他的样子完全是在浪费时间。而且,他把所有的累活都留给了我们!
我们希望他能站起来干些有用的事 ── 也许是打扫屋子,或者给草坪刈草。我们忿忿不平是很自然的。
但是,思考决非懒惰。思考是人所能从事的最有成果的活动之一。我们创造的每一样美丽和有用的东西之所以存在都是因为曾经有人花费时间和精力去思考它。
思考的确需要时间和精力。许多人错误地以为,如果一个人有“天赋”或“有才华”或“有才干”,绝妙的思想就会自动在他的头脑中闪现。遗憾的是,才智的发挥并不是这样的。就连爱因斯坦在能够系统地阐明他的相对论之前也不得不研究思考了几个月。我们这些智力平平的人连想出一个稍微好一点的主意都得费尽心思,更别提一个绝妙的主意了。
我们不相信思考的另一个原因是,它似乎不合乎人之常情。人是社会性的物种,但思考却是一种人们独处时做得最好的活动。所以,我们很担心那些爱思考的人。遇上一个有意选择独自一人坐着思考, 而不去参加聚会或观看足球比赛的人,我们会感到困惑。我们心里会想这样的人需要心理咨询。而且,这样的人有时会显得很不友好 ── 这使我们深感不安。
我们的忧虑毫无必要。智慧如同友善一样也是人性的一部分。如果一个人完全把自己隔离起来,那当然不正常。但如果一个人任凭自己的思想因弃置不用而枯竭,那同样也不正常。
如果美国人什么时候相信了思考的重要性, 我们也许就会找到办法来解决我们学校的问题,那些现在似乎不可能解决的问题。但我们如何重新唤起对思考艺术的兴趣呢?开始的最好地方是在家里。家庭成员应该养成习惯说这样的话,“今天晚上我来洗碗,我知道你要继续进行思考。”
这听上去也许荒.唐。但如果我们要作为一个自由的民族生存下去,我们就必须尽快采取一些这样的行动, 因为这个国家并不像有些广告商所引导我们相信的那样,是靠石油在运转。它是靠思想在运转。
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你时候学习《21世纪大学英语综合教程第四册》的,你有没有每一单元做题后都有参照答案呢?下面是读文网小编带来21世纪大学英语综合教程第四册参考答案,希望对大家有帮助。
5. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary.
1. endless 2. revise 3. anticipate 4. voluntary 5. beforehand 6. income 7. inner
8. oral 9. eagerly 10. secure 11.financial 12. disposing
6. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms where necessary.
1. ended up 2. care for 3. make room for 4. was responsible for 5. by nature
6. find their voices 7. make the most of 8. step out of
10. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. As a result of a downsizing initiative and a major bank merger, my usually well-ordered life became fraught with changes.
2. Although I am a rather reticent individual by nature, I made the most of the oral presentations in class. And soon my confidence level soared.
3. Much to the amazement of his friends and relatives, the young man gave up his secure future, stepped out his comfort zone and rejoined the “rat race.”
4. No matter what life throws our way, having a positive attitude makes room for the future.
5. Of course, having a fulfilling career is a personal goal I long to achieve. However, working towards materialistic things and personal glorification has never been my first priority.
6. Having lost his job, he returned to college and ended up acquiring a diploma.
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下面是读文网小编整理的世纪商务英语 翻译教程,希望对大家有帮助。
Unit 1 Business Cards 名片
Unit 2 Signs 标识
Unit 3 Trademarks 商标
Unit 4 Organizations 组织机构
Unit 5 Company Introductions 公司介绍
Unit 6 Product Descriptions 产品说明
Unit 7 Advertisements 广告
Unit 8 PR Documents 公关文稿
Unit 9 Business Letters 商务信函
Unit 10 Bill of Documents 单证
Unit 11 Business Reports 商务报告
Unit 12 Business Contracts 商务合同
Appendix
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什么样的人才能够成为21世纪的人才呢。接下来小编为大家整理了21世纪人才必备技能,希望对你有帮助哦!
Technical and technological skills will take on greater importance. There will be a growing need for people who can understand and fix systems——from computer systems to product distribution systems to plumbing systems.
Visionary skills will be in demand. The ability to gather and absorb a wide range of input ,then use that knowledge, understanding, and perspective to guide organization into future, will be vital.
Numbers and measurement will be important, of course, but smoothing the flow form month to month, from quarter to quarter will be essential for highly profitable long-term performance. Practically every company will have to move away from today's obsession with looking ahead only as far as the next financial reporting period.
Ability to organize will definitely be important in the corporation of the future. Everywhere there will be a need to organize something: resources, workflow, marketing mix, financial opportunities, and much more, all will demand high levels of organization and reorganization.
Persuasive skills will be used in many ways by the corporation of the future, the most-effective individuals will be those who know how to present information and ideas so that others can understand and support a particular position. Good salesmanship will be essential in many more interactions than we consider today, especially inside the organization.
Ability to learn will be above everything else in importance——empowering people to grow in effectiveness and help their companies achieve desired objectives. Some of this skill is innate, but many people enhance their ability to learn——and to relate different aspects of learning——through college and university courses. We believe the liberal arts education experience will prove to be the most valuable type of education for tomorrow's leaders.
Communication skills——careful listening, clear writing, close reading, plain speaking, and accurate description——will be invaluable. In tomorrow's fast-paced business environment there will be precious little time to correct any misunderstandings. Communications breakdown may well become a fatal corporate disease.
The top employees of the coming century will be flexible, creative and motivated toward making a positive difference in the world. They will seek balance, growth and fulfillment in both their work and home environments. The corporation of the future must respond to these needs and desires; otherwise they will find themselves hampered by a lack of qualified people to accomplish the organization's work.
1.技术专长与创新能力——将更加重要。今后将越来越需要在计算机、产品推销和管道工程等方面既懂理论又有实践经验的人。
2.想像能力——将是一种需要。这种能力至关重要,它可收集和获取广泛而大量的知识信息,并对其中一些知识、思维方法及观察视角加以借鉴,以便引导公司走向未来。
3.数字与计算——固然很重要,但是保证月与月之间的衔接、部门与部门的配合都顺利通畅将是实现长期高效运作的关键所在。实际上,每个公司都必须改变那种只做下一个财政年度计划的错误观念。
4.组织能力——在未来的公司的运作中无疑是十分重要的。无论到哪儿,组织工作都是必不可少的,如调拨财力物力、设置工作流程、制定市场营销战略、寻找赢利机会等等,所有这些都需要高水平的组织与改组能力。
5.说服能力——将以各种方式在未来公司中发挥作用。工作最有成效的员工将是那些懂得如何表达信息和思想以便能够得到别人理解与支持的人,出色的游说能力在未来更多的人际交往中将是必不可少的,特别是在公司内部。
6.学习能力——将在上述各种能力中占据最重要的地位,因为它使人能够提高工作效率,帮助自己的公司达到预期目的。这种能力一部分来自个人夭赋,当然也有不少人通过接受高等教育提高自己的气习能力和各种知识的融会贯通能力。我们认为,大学文科教育积累的经验将证明是对明天的领导者们最有价值的教育形式。
7.交流能力——听得认真、写得明白、看得仔细、说得清楚、叙述准确——将具有无可估量的价值。在未来快节奏的工作环境中,人们惜时如金,容不得半,点疏漏。交流障碍很可能成为未来公司致命的问题。
21世纪最出色的公司雇员将富有灵活性和创造性,并有志于做出不同凡响的创举。他们将在事业和家庭两方面寻求平衡、发展与完善。未来的公司必须对雇员必备技能加以考核,否则,公司的发展就会困工作中缺乏合格人才而受限制。
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小编为大家整理的21世纪实用商务英语口语。希望对你有帮助哦!
作者: 陈宁
出版社: 北京大学
出版年: 2007-4
页数: 379
定价: 46.00元
Chapter1WelcomingClients
PartASituationalDialogue
SampleConversation1
SampleConversation2
SampleConversation3
PartBPracticalKeySentences
PartCSkillsofCommunication
PartDPractice
Chapter2SeekingBusinessOpportunity
PartASituationalDialogue
SampleConversation1
SampleConversation2
SampleConversation3
PartBPracticalKeySentences
PartCSkillsofCommunication
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21世纪英语演讲稿的范文你知道吗?下面都是小编收藏的21世纪英语演讲稿的范文,希望对你们有用。
Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. The title of my speech today is "Crossing the Sea" . An English poet by the name of Rudyard Kipling once wrote in this poem "We and They" :
All the people like us are We
and everyone else is They
We live over the sea
While They live over the way
We eat pork and beef with cow horn-handled knives
They who gobble their rice off a leaf
Are horrified out of their lives.
When these lines first caught my eyes, I was shocked--how could two people remain so isolated and ignorant of each other in the past? Today's society, of course, is an entirely different picture. Those people who used to eat with gobble their rice might be as well have taken to fish and chips.
Indeed, just take China as example; Our modern life has been influenced by Western style of living in so many ways that it's no longer surprising to see teenagers going crazy about rock-and-roll, whole families dining out at McDonald's and even rather elderly people dressed in Apple Jeans.
However, these are only some expressions of the cultural changes taking place in our society today. What is really going on is a subtle but significant restructuring of the nation's mentality. Just look around.
How many college graduates are ready to compete aggressively for every job opportunity, whereas not long ago they were asked just to sit idle and wait for whatever was to be assigned to them by the government?
How many young people are now eager to seek for an independent life whereas only two decades ago they would rely totally on their parents to arrange for their future? Ask anyone who participates in today's speech contest. Who has not come with a will to fight and who has not come determined to achieve self-fulfillment in winning the game? And I'm quite certain that if Confucius had lived to see today's China, he would have been horrified to see young lovers kissing each other in public places in an unreserved expression of their passion.
It is therefore evident that we as descendants of an ancient Eastern civilization are already living under strong influence of the Western culture. But it is not only in China that we find the incorporation of the two cultures.
Take the United States as an example: During the 1980s, in face of the overwhelming competition from Japan, many American companies such as the Ford began to adopt a teamwork management from their rivals, the essence of which, lay at the very core of Eastern culture.
Take the Chinese acupuncture as another example: This traditional treatment of diseases is finally finding its way to the West and hence the underlying notion that illness is resulted from the imbalance between yin and yang within the body--an idea which would strike any Westerner as incredible in the past!
Ladies and Gentlemen, we live in a great epoch when the global integration of economy and the information revolution have brought cultures of the world closer than ever before. We live in a particular era when countries, East and West, find themselves in need of readjusting their traditional values. We live, at the same time, at a critical juncture of our evolution because such problems as ethnic conflicts and regional unrest are increasingly posing a threat to the peace and happiness of the whole human race.To cope with such an era and to embrace an even brighter future, we need to learn to live more harmoniously in a world community which is becoming smaller and smaller. My dear fellow students, our command of the English language render sit possible for us to gain an insight into Western culture while retaining our own cultural identity.
Therefore, it is our sacred responsibility to promote the cultural exchanges and hence the mutual understanding between China and the rest of the world.
It is my happiest dream that new generation of Chinese will not only grow up drinking Coca cola and watching Hollywood, but also be blessed with the far-reaching benefits of multiple cultures; benefits that our forefathers had never, ever dreamed of.
To end my speech, I would like to quote Rudyard Kipling again:
All the people like us are We
And everyone else is They
But once you cross over the sea
You will end by looking on We
As only a sort of They.
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下面是读文网小编整理的21世纪英语演讲比赛演讲稿, 希望对大家有帮助。
21世纪英语演讲比赛演讲稿
I'm studying in a city famous for its walls. All visitors to my city are amazed by the imposing sight of the city walls, silhouetted by the setting sun with gold and shining lines. With old, cracked bricks patched with lichen, the walls are weather-beaten guards, standing still for centuries in protecting the city.
Our ancestors liked to build walls. They built walls in Beijing, Xi'an, Nanjing and many other cities, and they built the Great Wall, which snakes through half of our country. They built walls to ward off enemies and evil spirits. This tradition has been maintained to this day as we still have many parks and schools walled off from the public. I grew up at the foot of the city walls, and I've loved them since my childhood. For a long time, walls were one of the most natural things in the world.
My perception, however, changed after a hiking trip to the Eastern Suburbs, a scenic area of my city. My classmates and I were walking with some international students. As we walked out of the city, we found ourselves flanked by taller and taller trees, which formed a huge canopy above our heads. Suddenly an international student asked me, "Where is the entrance to the Eastern Suburbs?"
"We're already in the Eastern Suburbs," I replied.
He seemed taken aback, "I thought you Chinese have walls for everything." His
remark set off a heated debate. At one point, he likened our walled cities to "jails," while I insisted that the Eastern Suburbs were one of the many places in China that had no walls.
That debate had no winners, but I did learn a lot from this international student. For instance, he told me that universities like Oxford and Cambridge were not surrounded by walls; the campuses were just part of the cities. I have to admit that we do have many walls in China, and as we are developing our country, we must carefully examine them, whether they are physical or intangible. We will keep some walls but tear down those that impede China's development.
Let me give you an example.
A year ago, when I was working on a term paper, I needed a book on business law and found a copy in the law school library. However, the librarian turned down my request with a cold shoulder, saying, "You can't borrow this book, you are not a student here." In the end, I had to spend 200 yuan buying a copy; meanwhile, the copy in law school was gathering dust on the shelf.
At the beginning of this semester, I heard that my university has started not only to unify its libraries but also link them up with libraries of other universities, so my experience will not be repeated. Barriers will be replaced by bridges. Through an inter-library loan system, we will have access to books from any library. With globalization, with China integrated into the world, I believe many of these intangible walls will be knocked down.
I know globalization is a controversial issue, and it is hard to say whether it is good or bad. But one thing is for sure: it draws our attention to China's tangible and intangible walls and forces us to examine their roles in the modern world.
And how about the ancient walls in my city and other cities? Should we tear them down? Just the opposite. My city, like Beijing and other cities, is actually making a great effort to preserve the walls. These walls attract not only historians and archeologists but also many schoolchildren trying to study our history and cultural heritage. Walls have turned into bridges to our past and to the rest of the world. If the ancient builders of these walls were still alive today, they would be proud to see such great change in the role of their walls. They are now bridges that link East and West, South and North, and all countries of the world. Our cultural heritage will survive globalization.
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下面是读文网小编整理的21世纪英语演讲比赛演讲稿, 希望对大家有帮助。
21世纪英语演讲比赛演讲稿
How well are we in tune with the rhythm of life? In our busy day to day existence, we don‘t often stop to ask ourselves this question. At least I don‘t. And it wasn‘t until I joined a competitive sporting event that I learned a most important lesson – we must place our mind in harmony with the natural order of things to be successful.
Let me tell you what happened.
I decided to take part in an International Marathon in my hometown last year. Being an ambitious person, I hoped to finish it within 5 hours, accompanied by my friend with whom I had trained.
The big day finally arrived. "Ready...set...bang" And we were off.
At first, we kept a rapid pace and ran nonstop. At this pace, we finished the first 20 kilometers in 2 hours and I thought running a marathon was a piece of cake. Then my running mate began to slow down. I urged him to keep running at the same pace but he said no, he wanted to conserve his energy. I felt I had partnered with the wrong person, therefore, I sprinted on and left him behind in the dust.
A few kilometers later, I began to understand his strategy as my pace slowed to a jog then a walk. After that I was incapable of moving another step. I was humiliated as more and more people ran passed me. More than once I thought "Maybe I should quit." I started to doubt my ability to finish this race.
At this moment, my running mate caught up with me and slapped me on the back. ―Follow me,‖ he shouted. He had balanced his marathon pace and was encouraged me to do the same. For the rest of this grueling contest, we walked, jogged, ran a few miles, and walked again. Slowly, painfully but hopefully this time, we established the most suitable pace within the natural flow of our physical capabilities.
Eventually we accomplished our first Marathon of 42 kilometers in 4 and half hours. I asked myself, what did this marathon mean to me? My Marathon experience became an influential metaphor for my life about how we must learn to pace ourselves in everything, by being in tune with the rhythm of life.
Like the tide that ebbs and flows, we must listen to advice but make our own decisions. Like the show at dawn and dusk, we must learn to balance pride and modesty. And from the way the wind can both shout and whisper, we must learn when to be strong and when to be gentle, for everything moves in its own rhythm and its own yin and yang elements. It is the interaction of these complementary extremes that produces harmony, as Laozi said, extremes meet. Since the marathon, this notion of two opposite forces working together has been my running partner, so to speak. Yin and yang exist everywhere, constantly interacting, and never existing in an absolute condition.
Ladies and Gentlemen, life is like running a marathon, let us discover, define and develop a natural rhythm of life, in order to achieve both harmony and success. Thank you for listening.
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下面是读文网小编整理的世纪商务英语 口译教程,希望对大家有帮助。
第一单元接待、入住酒店、参观考察
第二单元公司介绍、购物及用餐
第三单元观光、产品介绍和机场送行
第四单元询盘、报盘和还盘
第五单元付款、保险和装运
第六单元包装、索赔和代理
第七单元经济发展与改革
第八单元对外贸易
第九单元国际经济组织
第十单元自由贸易区
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21世纪英语的演讲稿你知道吗?下面都是小编收藏的21世纪英语的演讲稿,希望对你们有用。
From Walls to Bridges
I'm studying in a city famous for its walls. All visitors to my city are amazed by the imposing sight of the city walls, silhouetted by the setting sun with gold and shining lines. With old, cracked bricks patched with lichen, the walls are weather-beaten guards, standing still for centuries in protecting the city.
Our ancestors liked to build walls. They built walls in Beijing, Xi'an, Nanjing and many other cities, and they built the Great Wall, which snakes through half of our country. They built walls to ward off enemies and evil spirits. This tradition has been maintained to this day as we still have many parks and schools walled off from the public. I grew up at the foot of the city walls, and I've loved them since my childhood. For a long time, walls were one of the most natural things in the world.
My perception, however, changed after a hiking trip to the Eastern Suburbs, a scenic area of my city. My classmates and I were walking with some international students. As we walked out of the city, we found ourselves flanked by taller and taller trees, which formed a huge canopy above our heads. Suddenly an international student asked me, "Where is the entrance to the Eastern Suburbs?"
"We're already in the Eastern Suburbs," I replied.
He seemed taken aback, "I thought you Chinese have walls for everything." His remark set off a heated debate. At one point, he likened our walled cities to "jails," while I insisted that the Eastern Suburbs were one of the many places in China that had no walls.
That debate had no winners, but I did learn a lot from this international student. For instance, he told me that universities like Oxford and Cambridge were not surrounded by walls; the campuses were just part of the cities. I have to admit that we do have many walls in China, and as we are developing our country, we must carefully examine them, whether they are physical or intangible. We will keep some walls but tear down those that impede China's development.
Let me give you an example.
A year ago, when I was working on a term paper, I needed a book on business law and found a copy in the law school library. However, the librarian turned down my request with a cold shoulder, saying, "You can't borrow this book, you are not a student here." In the end, I had to spend 200 yuan buying a copy; meanwhile, the copy in law school was gathering dust on the shelf.
At the beginning of this semester, I heard that my university has started not only to unify its libraries but also link them up with libraries of other universities, so my experience will not be repeated. Barriers will be replaced by bridges. Through an inter-library loan system, we will have access to books from any library. With globalization, with China integrated into the world, I believe many of these intangible walls will be knocked down.
I know globalization is a controversial issue, and it is hard to say whether it is good or bad. But one thing is for sure: it draws our attention to China's tangible and intangible walls and forces us to examine their roles in the modern world.
And how about the ancient walls in my city and other cities? Should we tear them down? Just the opposite. My city, like Beijing and other cities, is actually making a great effort to preserve the walls. These walls attract not only historians and archeologists but also many schoolchildren trying to study our history and cultural heritage. Walls have turned into bridges to our past and to the rest of the world. If the ancient builders of these walls were still alive today, they would be proud to see such great change in the role of their walls. They are now bridges that link East and West, South and North, and all countries of the world. Our cultural heritage will survive
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当今的世界处于社会、经济和人口变迁的不同阶段。过去的几年中,世界在经济和政治方面的变化要比1945年以来的任何眈期都快。新兴的全球经济既有竞争性又相互依存,这昭示着在世界的大部分地区实施现代通信和生产技术是行得通的。这么说,我们需要关心21世纪英语的发展吗?据《经注学家杂志》预测,英语继续是世界标准语,英语自身及其在全球的普及地位没有受到什么大的威胁。但变化将接踵而至。下面小编来和你们说说21世纪英语口语的重要性。
一、国际经济
两种因素推动了这个全球市场。第一,许多制造产品有一个或多个进口部件。福特汽车和IBM计算机就是两个典型例证。第二,各国政府定为对外贸易的进出口货物中,半数以上是在国内公司与他们的国外分公司之间交易的。
日益扩大的市场全球化迫使众多公司更加注意国际动态。国内的公司正在、调整自己的经营结构和方式以适应更广阔和快速变化的经济环境。他们在拓展自己活动的地理范围,因为他们的供应商和客户更多地分散在不同的大陆上。例如,去年美国强生公司的外销多于内销。惠普公司与很多公司一样在亚洲经济风暴中亏了本。
合资公司不再只是理论上可行的东西。类似克莱斯勒/戴姆勒奔驰公司、美国MCI通讯公司与英国电信公司这样的合并与所取得的成果越来越多地是跨越国界活动的产物。预计这种趋势在新千年中会继续发展。
这种国际化可从3个方面阐述。第一,许多公司调整自己的基本目标以适应全球市场。第二,使自己的产品适应销售地的市场。但最重要的是,他们不设立官僚机构集权领导全球的分公司,而是聘用熟悉当地市场附的当地人主持其分支机构。
为什么在讨论英语问题时谈论什么经济因为英语与出现这种经济现代化和工业发展息息相关。
信息的发送和接收都在提速。各国政府、各种产业和国内及跨国公司为了技术进步的竞争需要,必须精通这些技术的载体语言一一英语。
二、英语的扩张
过去40年中,英语在全球的扩张令人叹为观止。英语在全球的扩张令
人叹为观止。英语在几个方面创下史无前例的记录:日益增加的语言使用人数;在各个社会内部渗透的深度;使用的范围。
全世界有超过14亿的人生活在以英语为官方语言的国家中。世界人口中,每5个人就有1个人在某科程度主有讲英语的能力。到2000年,每5个不懂英语的人中还将有1人学习英语—超过10亿人。世界上70%以上的科学家懂英语。全世界约85%的邮件用英语书写。世界电子检索系统中90%的信息用英语存储。到2010年,以英语为第二语言或外语的人数将超过以英语为母语的人数。这种趋势肯定会影响到英语自身。
英语的用途比从前任何时候都广。词汇、语汝形式和说写方式已显示出受到科技发展、经济学和管理、文学和娱乐风格的影响。大约在1500年前由人侵英格兰的蒙昧的日尔曼部落使用的这种未开化的语言,现在居然世界通用。
当墨西哥的飞行员在法国着陆时,他们用英语与地面控制人员通话。德国物理学家想让自己的新发现引起国际科学界的注意,首先要用英语表研究成果。日本的公司经普者与斯堪的那维亚的企业家做生意时用英语谈判。流行歌手谱写歌曲时,常常用英语填写歌词和乐句。示威者为了引起世界关注他们的问题,用英语书写标语。
有3个因素在继续为英语的扩展做贡献:英语在科枝和商业中的应用,从其他语言中吸纳词汇的能力,接受各种英语方言的能力。
在科学方面,二战以后英语取代了德语。英语承载的科技优势导致英语整体优势的兴起,先在欧洲,接着在全世界。
今天,信息时代已取代了工业时代,缩短了时间和距离,这就使世界的经济从工业产品过渡到以信息为基础的产品和服务。信息革命无视地理和国界的限制,正在重新解释我们的世界。在不到20年的时间里,"信息处理"这个曾局限于出版业的词汇,已经让位给计算机和因特网。以计算机为媒介的通信弥合了英语口语和书面语的区别。它助长语言向非正式、口语化方向发展,包容语言的多样性和个性风格,并最终使因特网英语取代了语言规则和语言实践的权威性。
像许多语言一样,英语使用音标和规范的基本句法。但最重要的是,英语有一个庞大丰富的词汇,其中80%来自外语。因此,它有许多词汇实际上和欧洲各语种的词汇同源,已经并且继续从西班牙语和法语、希伯来语和阿拉伯语、印度—乌尔都语和孟加拉语、马来语和汉语以及西非与波利尼西亚等语种借用词汇。这种语言特征使英语成为历史上非常独特的一种语言。
最后,英语语言没有中央权威捍卫其纯正性,因此,许多方言得以发展:美国、英国、加拿大、印度和澳大利亚方言只是其中的几种。英语没有标准发音。但在这种多样性中,英语有语法的一致性和一套核心词汇。因此,每个讲英语的国家都能把自己的文化因素注人到英语的用法及词汇中。
然而,未来是不可预测的。世界上没有任何语言像英语这样广泛传播或被如此之多的人使用。所以,没有先例可帮助我们预测当语言真正获得世界地位时会是怎样的情形。
三、21世纪英语的演变
世界在变,英语也将出现各种新的变异。英语及其运用方式将发生变化,借以协调与其它语言沟通的模式并顺应人们变化中的交际需求。
英语正在摆脱它的政治和文化内涵,因为更多的人意识到英语不只是几个国家的财产。英语是世界通用并将带来更多机会的工具。英语属于使用它的人,无论何种目的或需要。
一个关于未来英语作用的问题发生了:英语是否会成为单一的世界标准语。如果真是如此,很可能英语会派生出一种超国家的、所有人必须学习的变体。作为更广泛交流的语言,英语的普及使用将继续对全球一体化施加影响。这可能导致英语标准降低、语言演变和地理语言的多样性丧失。从另一方面讲,因为英语是国际交流的工具,还因为它是构筑文化同一性的基础,所以许多地域性英语变体反而得到发展。这种趋势可能导致英语的分裂,并威胁英语作为通用语言的作用。不过,在各种英语变体之间一直存在着某些重要差别。
没有任何理由相信,在未来的50年间会出现取代英语的另一种语言。可是,英语也不可能在21世纪一统天下。更确切地说,少数几种语言可能各霸一方,它们有各自特定的影响地域。例如,因为在美国由于贸易的扩大和国内拉美人口的增加,西班牙语的地位在提高。这种情况可构成一个英语—西班牙语双语区。
另一种可能性是人们不再忠于自己的母语而形成语言转化。这些转化缓慢而不易预测。但在未来的50年中,当经济的发展波及到更多国家时,重大的语言转化就有可能发生。
因为放弃了对母语的忠诚,更多的语种可能消亡。那些剩下的仍被使用的语言将会迅速赢得更多的本族语者。其中包括英语。国家内部的人口流动和都市化可能调整区域结构,因而创设一些社区,在这些社区,英语成了不同种族沟通的语言一中立公共的语言。把英语作为授课语言的高等院校将发达起来,并将迅速培养出一代中产阶级的专业人员。经济发展只会壮大中产阶级,这是更可能学英语并在工作中使用英语的一族。尽管像英语、德语和法语这样的语言因为各自政府的政治势力已经成了国际语言,但在经济和人口将对语言施加更大影响的21世纪,这种现象不太可能再出现。
四、结论
英语成为国际通用语言仅仅50年。如果先前的语言发展模式继续下去的话,那么大约100年之后才会有新的语言一统世界。当然这并不意味着像许多人所担心的那样,英语正在取代或将要取代其它语言。恰恰相反,英语将通过使陌生人得以跨越语言障碍进行交流而作为其它语言的补充或与其它语言共存。英语可能成为打开世界之窗、开启机会之门及拓展我们新思维之脑的一种工具。
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夏鹏,原系贵州省平坝县黎阳厂子校学生,小学五年级开始进入贵阳百年英语学校系统学习英语,2003年,夏鹏以600分的高分考入南京大学法学院,后转入英语系。2004年获得CCTV全国英语演讲比赛第二名,同年获得代表国内最高水平的第十届“21世纪杯”全国英语演讲比赛冠军,同时获得比赛“最具潜力奖”,并代表中国参加2005年国际英语演讲比赛,荣获获得冠军和“最受观众欢迎奖”。
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下面是读文网小编整理的21世纪大学第三册英语课后习题答案,希望对大家有帮助。
TEXT A
II
1.She enjoys these hobbies, and is competent enough in other areas.
2.They used to be a mark of class, of leisure, and it was enough to be somewhat familiar with them. Now we're expected to be experts even in our hobbies.
3.She's illustrating an attitude that dominates leisure sports and intimidates many people into avoiding them.
4.It makes them uncharitable in their thinking, too competitive to enjoy their hobbies, and causes them too much stress. The examples she gives are the boy who didn't want a less-than-great player on his soccer team, and a girl who has "no free time" because school and her hobbies eat up all her time.
5.That this over-ambitious attitude toward hobbies intimidates many people into avoiding them.
6.She suspects that this degree of ambition and compulsion in what are supposed to be leisure activities is unhealthy.
7.She recommends that we should all take up a leisure activity and make a point of never mastering it. She hopes this will remind us how to relax and enjoy our leisure time.
8.Enthusiasm independent of success, "the joy of creative fooling around."
III
1.hobbies 2.peculiar 3.squeezes 4.leisure 5.stumbled
6.discouraged 7.overhearing 8.recreation 9.sole 10.wrecked
IV
1.I know you're afraid, but you really shouldn't keep putting off your visit to the dentist. [or: keep putting your visit to the dentist off]
2.She had a good shot at getting a promotion, but she blew it when she insulted one of our best customers.
3.Many teachers complain that the existing exam system gets in the way of real improvements in teaching methods.
4.No one thought George would ever learn Japanese, but as it happens he picked it up in no time.
5.What a mess your room is! Why don't you clean it up?
6.If you keep fooling around, you're going to get into trouble.
7.I've gotten kind of out of shape, so I've started going to the gym once a week to see if I can tone myself up. [or: tone up or: tone up my body]
V
These are open-ended discussion questions with no "correct" or "incorrect" answers — anything grammatical that shows understanding of the target vocabulary is excellent. Please make sure the students understand that this exercise is an opportunity for them to practice their English as they feel is appropriate and useful for them. Their answers can be whole paragraphs, or just single sentences; and/or they can produce several different short answers to each question — it's up to them. The only requirement is that they use at least one of the vocabulary items in each sentence they write (and that the sentences make some kind of sense!).
VI
1.proportionate 2.affectionate 3.passionate 4.collegiate 5.irate 6.compassionate
VII
1.far-sighted 2.short-tempered 3.blue-eyed
4.narrow-minded 5.hard-headed 6.good-natured
VIII
A. Dressing Up!
Note that the students learned "gym shoes" in 3-7A.
There are countless possibilities for the question of who wears what. Anything's okay, as long as it shows comprehension. But:
Band 4:blouse (女衬衫): most females
crown (王冠): monarchs
gym shoes (体操鞋, 球鞋): athletes? most young people?
mask (面具): criminals? skiers? knights?
pants (裤子): most people, especially if you mean UK pants!
Band 6:armour (盔甲): knights
cape (斗篷,披肩): Batman? Superman?
helmet (头盔): soldiers? motorcyclists?
veil (面纱): brides? belly dancers?
hose (长统袜,短统袜): most people (it can refer to ordinary socks, not just pantihose)
B. Exercise Time! Note that "leap" (3-5A), "squeeze" (3-7A) and "stumble" (3-7A) are not new to the students.Students should demonstrate the verbs without hurting themselves. It's fun — and a great aid to retention — for the teacher to command in random order and with rapid speed, or for a student or two to stand up and give the orders to their classmates.
Band 4:Lick (舔) your lips, then blow your nose (擤鼻子).
Shiver (战栗).
Twist around (转身).
Leap up (跳跃).
Squeeze (挤压) someone's hand.
Bump (碰,撞) into somebody, then flee (逃掉)!
Band 6:Stumble towards (蹒跚地走) somebody and tickle (搔痒) him/her!
Slump over (重重地倒下).
Quiver (颤抖).
Whirl around (旋转).
C. And as long as we're acting silly: Make these noises too!
Band 4:Bang (猛击) on your desk, click (发出咔哒声) your teeth, then bark (叫)!
Band 6:Buzz (发出嗡嗡声), giggle (咯咯笑), hum (哼曲子发嗡嗡声), then groan (呻吟) ...
New Band 4 words from this exercise:
blouse, crown, mask, lick, blow, shiver, twist, bump, flee, bang, click, bark
New Band 6 words from this exercise: armour, cape, helmet, hose, veil, flare, slump, quiver, sniff, whirl, tickle, buzz, giggle, hum, groan
IX
1.As far as your mother and I are concerned
2.as far as vocabulary is concerned
3.as far as service is concerned
4.As far as the new development plan is concerned
5.as far as salary is concerned
6.As far as I'm concerned
X
1.went 2.washed 3.lock 4.did 5.realized
XI
CDADB CDCCD ADBDA ACBAD
XII
遗憾的是,“三脚猫”已经过时了。过去如果一位女士或先生会唱一点,画一点,拉一点小提琴,那就是一种地位的标志。你不必很出色;问题是你很幸运,拥有这一份闲情逸致。但是在今天充满竞争的世界里我们甚至在业余爱好方面也必须是“专家”才行。
XIII
1.As long as you enjoy your hobby, you don't have to feel ashamed of being mediocre at it. It doesn't matter what others think of you.
2.Money is becoming a big deal in competitive sports, but we must make sure that it doesn't get in the way of what's important.
3.We all need some form of exercise every now and then to keep ourselves in good shape.
4.I've said over and over it's time you tidied up your room, but you keep putting it off. 5.He only took up painting a couple of years ago, so his technique isn't up to professional standards. Can you give him some instruction?
6.Health experts are trying to discourage people from smoking by informing them of its dangers.
7.Being committed to your job is fine, of course, but you shouldn't let work eat up all your leisure time.
8.As far as I'm concerned, both jobs and hobbies should be seriously considered.
XIV
Paragraph 6: People can't enjoy dancing as entertainment. "Going dancing" doesn't anymore mean putting on a pretty dress and doing a few turns around the dance floor. Instead it means squeezing into tights and leg warmers, then sweating through six hours of warm-ups, five hours of ballet and four hours of jazz every week.Paragraph 9: People do not take up new hobbies since they don't have the time to perfect them. A woman does not want to learn a foreign language because she can't become fluent in the language within one year. Low level accomplishment only embarrasses her.
Paragraph 12 echoes Paragraphs 1 and 2, for both deal with the author's life experiences of doing hobbies just for the sake of entertainment or physical development. The author strongly believes that people should enjoy their "creative fooling around" and that they don't have to be "experts" in everything so long as they are good at one or two other things.
XV
A Small Act of Kindness
Once I was traveling in a small poverty-stricken town in South Africa. On a bus a woman gave a package of biscuits to a poor and hungry child she didn't know. This small act of kindness cost her little but it brought great joy to the child and some comfort to the grandfather who carried the child on his back.
The effect of that act might have stopped there but it didn't. Other people on the bus saw and felt drawn to the child and his silent guardian. They opened their hearts and became interested in the plight of these two. Many people on the bus offered whatever they had to help them. There is no telling what kindness to others this remembrance will lead to. I shared the story with my teachers and classmates upon my return. It touched their hearts and made them more aware of others.
Many say that one person can not make a difference in society but this is wrong. From one woman's kindness on a bus, many others learned about compassion. And from each of them, many others will also learn the power of compassion. (191 words)
TEXT B
II ACACC CAA
III
Homes of the Rich and Famous
We hope the students have fun designing these strange homes! Whatever they produce will be brilliant, no doubt!
Please notice that some of the words are not new to the students such as carpet (2-6A), gym (3-7A), status (1-2B) and couch (3-7B). Here are the new words along with their meanings, which are connected with home designing.
Band 4:at least one balcony阳台, many carpets地毯, a lot of cupboards食橱, a gym健身房, more than one lavatory盥洗室, some pillars支柱 and several statues塑像
Band 6:some arches拱门, lots of couches长沙发, a dome穹顶, a lounge休息厅, some sculptures雕塑品, at least two staircases楼梯, a terrace平台,阳台, and a throne room觐见室,贵宾室
IV
1.illusion 2.bargain 3.wasteful 4.consumption 5.simplify 6.indoors 7.inexpensive
8.saturated 9.temptation 10.voluntary 11.unnecessary 12.furnished
V
1.keep track of 2.in return 3.came across 4.cut down on
5.do without;do without 6.gave...way 7.in harmony with 8.going to waste
9.in the face of#p#副标题#e#
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