为您找到与高考英语定语从句考点分析相关的共200个结果:
离高考我们仅仅还有50天,而这50天却是高考最重要的日子,好好利用这50天,复习好下面十大考点,英语拿高分就不是问题。
同位语从句引导词where, when的用法特点
说明先行词内容的同位语从句的引导词where, when与被说明的名词在概念上不一致。但引导定语从句的引导词却必须保持一致。试比较:
1.Then arose the question ____ we were to get so much money.
2.This the house ____ the great man Mao Zedong was born 110 years ago.
A. where B. that C. about which D. in which
解析:答案分别是1.A 2.A/D。先行词与where, when概念一致时,是定语从句,2题中的house与where同表地点,且这个关系副词where或when可以用“介词+which”的形式代替,所以答案A 和D都可以引导。1题中的question与where不表同一概念,可见是同位语从句,所以where不能改用“介词+which”的形式。
Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别
一般说来,what/who等含特指意义,而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义,意为“无论什么/无论谁”。
It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
解析:答案是B,whatever引导一个宾语从句,并且作wants的宾语。这里的whatever不能改成what,因为题意想表达的显然是“无论孩子要什么就给他/她什么事不明智的”,具有泛指的概念。同时要注意,这里whatever也不能改用no matter what,因为后者只能引导状语从句。比较下例:
I can’t remember at the moment who has said the words. (这里的who表特定的某人)
Where, when, why等连接副词引导的名词性从句
Where, when, why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句,使用的关键是:这个词必须符合句子的逻辑要求。
—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
—Is that ____ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. that D. where
解析:答案是A,why引导的从句作表语,同时why在从句中作原因状语。这里之所以选why,而不是when或 where等,唯一的依据便是句子的逻辑含义,及语境。
“介词+who(m)引导的宾语从句”与“介词+ whom”引导的定语从句的区别
介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾格,决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语。
It was a matter of ____ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
解析:答案是A。这是一个含宾语从句的复合句,作介词of宾语的,是后面的整个句子,而不是宾语从句的引导词,由于这里引导词在从句中作主语,所以要用主格who(作宾语时自然要用whom)。
名词性从句中有插入成分时
此时应注意两点:一是从句仍然不倒装,而在插入成分上倒装;二是要注意主语的主格和宾格的选择。
____ you have seen both fighters, ____ will win?
A. Since; do you think who B. As; who you think
C. When; whoever D. Since; who do you think
解析:根据上面的讲解,不难知道答案是D。其中do you think是插入成分,其余部分是宾语从句,作think的宾语;由于引导词在从句中作主语,所以要用主格who(不用whom)。
引导词that的省略
引导宾语从句时,that通常可以省略,但引导主语、表语和同位语从句时,that不能省。例如:
China’s success in manned-spacecraft travel shows ____ our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research.
A. what B. which C. 不填 D. it that
解析:该句中的从句作shows的宾语,是宾语从句,又因为从句中不缺主、宾语,所以只能用that引导;又因引导宾语从句时that可以省略,所以答案是C。
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在即将到来的中考,同学们要如何复习定语从句的知识点呢?下面是读文网小编为大家带来的关于中考英语单项选择定语从句试题汇编,希望会给大家带来帮助。
【黄冈】—In a text message, 88 means Bye-bye.
—And another example is F2F ______ stands for face to face.
A. that B. who C. whom D. it
【答案】A
【临沂】After Mandela was free (自由的) in 1990, he chose to shake hands with the people
________ wanted to kill him.
A. whose B. which C. / D. who
【答案】D
【河南】 “Underground” is the only word in the English language _______ begins and ends
with the letters “und”.
A. what B. that C. who D. who m
【答案】B
【解析】 考查定语从句引导词的词义辨析 。本题句意为:“Underground”是英语这种语言中唯一一个以“und”开头和结尾的单词。分析句子结构可知,“_______ begins and ends with the letters “und””在此是定语从句,其先行词是前面的 the only word而不 是in the English language,先行词中有修饰词only时,定语从句应用引导词that。故选B项。
【鄂州】—Where is the School English Speech Contest going to be held tonight?
—I’m not sure. Is it in the hall _____ can hold 300 people?
A. where B. what C. that D. when
【答案】C
【湖北咸宁】—Have you seen the documentary named A Bite of China (《 舌尖上的中
国》)?
—Yeah! It’s the most funny one _______ I have ever seen.
A. that B. what C. which D. where
【答案】A
【达州】—What kind of movies do you like?
—I like movies _______ scary monsters.
A. which has B. that have C. what has D. why have
【答案】B
【长沙】The shop _____ sells flowers is a t the end of the street.
A. who B. where C. which
【答案】C
【杭州】I will never forget the day____ we spent in the old town with small houses.
A. who B. whom C. that D. what
【答案】C
【宜宾】Do you know the man____ ___ saved five people in the fire?
A. who B. it C. when D. whom
【答案】A
【呼和浩特】People ______ overweight need more water than thin people.
A. who is B. which are C. that is D. who are
【答案】D
【枣庄】He is unlikely to find the school ______ he taught 50 years ago.
A. where B. when C. how D. why
【答案】A
【东营】When some Chinese women were dancing to loud music in a park in New York, the people lived nearby called the police.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
【答案】A
【广州】Do you know the man ______ is talking to Miss Wu?
A. he B. whom C. who D. which
【答案】C
【甘肃白银】Could you tell me the result of the discussion ______ you had made in the meeting just now?
A. that B. when C. how D. who
【答案】A
【绍兴】I really like the photo of my family _____ my sister took in the city park last year.
A. which B. who C. what D. whom
【答案】A
【潍坊】Tommy couldn’t stop thinking about the boy ______ made him a fool in the whole
of class.
A. whom B. which C. what D. who
【答案】D
【绍兴】—I’m sorry I have broken the chair.
—_______. I can easily get it repaired.
A. That’s true B. You’re welcome C. Never mind D. sounds fun
【答案】C
【泰安】—Which is your new neighbour, Liu Hua?
—The man _______ T-shirt is red.
A. that B. who C. which D. whose
【答案】D
【滨州】—Do you know the girl _______ is talking with our teacher?
—Oh, she’s my sister.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. where
【答案】A
【德州】—What are you looking for?
—I’m looking for the CD and EX () _______ I bought yesterday.
A. t hat B. who C. whose D. when
【答案】A
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考点是我们复习化学的过程中最近注意的重要知识点。下面是读文网小编为您带来的高考化学考点归纳分析,希望对大家有所帮助。
1:各种“水”汇集
(一)纯净物:
重水D2O;超重水T2O;蒸馏水H2O;双氧水H2O2;水银Hg;水晶SiO2。
(二)混合物:
氨水(分子:NH3、H2O、NH3·H2O;离子:NH4 、OH‾、H )
氯水(分子:Cl2、H2O、HClO;离子:H 、Cl‾、ClO‾、OH‾)
王水(浓HNO3∶浓HCl=1∶3溶质的体积比) 卤水(MgCl2、NaCl及少量MgSO4)
硬水(溶有较多量Ca2 、Mg2 的水) 软水(溶有较少量或不溶有Ca2 、Mg2 的水)
铁水(Fe、C、Mn、Si、S、P等单质的熔融态混合体)
苏打水(Na2CO3的溶液) 生理盐水(0.9%的NaCl溶液) 硝(盐)镪水[浓硝(盐)酸]
水玻璃(Na2SiO3水溶液) 水泥(2CaO·SiO2、3CaO·SiO2、3CaO·Al2O3)
2:各种“气”汇集
(一) 无机的:爆鸣气(H2与O2);水煤气或煤气(CO与H2);高炉气或高炉煤气(CO、CO2、N2)
笑气(N2O) 碳酸气(CO2)
(二)有机的:天然气(又叫沼气、坑气,主要成分为CH4) 电石气(CH≡CH,常含有H2S、PH3等)
裂化气(C1~C4的烷烃、烯烃) 裂解气(CH2=CH2、CH3CH=CH2、CH2=CHCH=CH2等)
焦炉气(H2、CH4等) 炼厂气(C1~C4的气态烃,又叫石油气、油田气。)
3:氧化物的分类
(一)氧化物的分类:成盐氧化物:酸性氧化物、碱性氧化物、两性氧化物、复杂氧化物(过氧化物、超氧化物、Fe3O4、Pb3O4等);不成盐氧化物CO、NO
(二)易混淆概念分辨
酸酐不一定是酸性氧化物:如乙酸酐酐(CH3CO)2O等;酸性氧化物一定是酸酐。
非金属氧化物不一定是酸性氧化物:如NO、CO、NO2、N2O4、H2O
酸性氧化物不一定是非金属氧化物:如Mn2O7、CrO3
金属氧化物不一定是碱性氧化物:如Al2O3、ZnO(两性),Mn2O7、CrO3(酸性氧化物)
碱性氧化物一定是金属氧化物
※NO2因与碱反应不仅生成盐和水,还有NO,因而不是酸性氧化物。
※Na2O2因与酸反应不仅生成盐和水,还有O2,因而不是碱性氧化物。
4:比较金属性强弱的依据
1、同周期中,从左到右,随核电荷数的增加,非金属性增强; 同主族中,由上到下,随核电荷数的增加,非金属性减弱;
2、依据最高价氧化物的水化物酸性的强弱:酸性愈强,其元素的非金属性也愈强;
3、依据其气态氢化物的稳定性:稳定性愈强,非金属性愈强;
4、与氢气化合的条件;5、与盐溶液之间的置换反应;
6、其他,例:2Cu+S , Cu+Cl2 所以,Cl的非金属性强于S。
6:“10电子”、“18电子”的微粒小结
分子 离子
一核10电子的 Ne N3−、O2−、F−、Na 、Mg2 、Al3
二核10电子的 HF OH- 三核10电子的 H2O NH2-
四核10电子的 NH3 H3O 五核10电子的 CH4 NH4
分子 离子
一核18电子的 Ar K 、Ca2 、Cl‾、S2−
二核18电子的 HCl HS- 三核18电子的 H2S、F2
四核18电子的 PH3 五核18电子的 SiH4 、CH3F PH4
六核18电子的 N2H4、CH3OH 注:其它诸如C2H6、N2H5 、N2H62 等亦为18电子的微粒。
7:具有漂白作用的物质
氧化作用:Cl2、O3、Na2O2、浓HNO3;化学变化;不可逆
化合作用:SO2;化学变化;可逆 吸附作用:活性炭;物理变化;可逆
其中能氧化指示剂而使指示剂褪色的主要有Cl2(HClO)和浓HNO3及Na2O2
8:安全火柴的成分及优点
安全火柴的成分:火柴头:氧化剂(K、MnO2)、易燃物(如硫等)、粘合剂
火柴盒侧面:红磷、三硫化二锑、粘合剂 起火原因:摩擦→发热→KClO3分解→使红磷着火→引起火柴头上的易燃物(如硫)燃烧。 优点:红磷与氧化剂分开,比较安全,无毒性。
9:能升华的物质
I2、干冰(固态CO2)、升华硫、红磷,萘。(蒽和苯甲酸作一般了解)。
10:能被活性炭吸附的物质
1、有毒气体(NO2、Cl2、NO等)——去毒;
2、 色素——漂白; 3、水中有臭味的物质——净化。
11:硅及其化合物十“反常”
1、硅的还原性比碳强,而碳在高温下却能从二氧化硅中还原出硅。SiO2+2C=Si+2CO↑
2、非金属单质一般不与弱氧化性酸反应,而硅不但能与HF反应,而且还有H2生成。Si+4HF=SiF4↑+2H2↑
3、非金属单质与强碱溶液反应一般不生成氢气,而硅却不然。Si+2NaOH+H2O==Na2SiO3+2 H2↑
4、虽然SiO2是硅酸的酸酐,但却不能用SiO2与水反应制备硅酸,只能用可溶性硅酸盐跟酸作用来制备。
5、酸性氧化物一般不与酸反应(除氧化还原反应外),而二氧化硅却能与氢氟酸反应。
6、非金属氧化物一般是分子晶体,而二氧化硅却是原子晶体。
7、无机酸一般易溶于水,而硅酸和原硅酸却难溶于水。
8、通常所说的某酸盐为一种酸根的盐,而硅酸盐却是多种硅酸(H2SiO3、H4SiO4、H2Si2O5、H6Si2O7等)的盐的总称。
9、较强的酸能把较弱的酸从其盐溶液中制取出来,这是复分解反应的一般规律,由此对于反应Na2SiO3+CO2+H2O==Na2CO3+H4SiO4↓的发生是不难理解的,而反应Na2CO3+SiO2=Na2SiO3+CO2↑居然也能进行。
10、硅酸钠的水溶液俗称水玻璃,但它和玻璃的化学成分并不相同。硅酸钠也叫泡花碱,但它是盐而不是碱。钢化玻璃与普通玻璃成分相同,水晶玻璃与玻璃成分不同。
12:碱金属元素具体知识的一般与特殊
1、Na、K均保存在煤油中,防止氧化,但锂单质不能保存在煤油中,因锂单质密度小于煤油,浮于煤油液面,达不到隔绝空气的目的,应保存太平石蜡中。
2、碱金属单质的密度一般随核电荷数的增大而增大,但钾的密度却比钠小。
3、碱金属单质在空气中燃烧大部分生成过氧化物或超氧化物,但锂单质特殊,燃烧后的产物只是普通氧化物。
4、碱金属单质和水反应时,碱金属一般熔点较低,会熔化成小球。但锂的熔点高,不会熔成小球。生成的LiOH溶解度较小,覆盖在锂的表面,使锂和水的反应不易连续进行。
5、碱金属单质和水反应时,碱金属单质一般浮于水面上,但铷、铯等单质和水反应时沉入水底,因铷、铯单质的密度比水大。
6、钠盐的溶解度受温度的变化影响一般都较大,但NaCl的溶解度受温度变化的影响却很小。
7、碱金属的盐一般均易溶于水,但Li2CO3却微溶于水。
8、焰色反应称为“反应”,但却是元素的一种物理性质。
13:Fe3 的颜色变化
1、向FeCl3溶液中加几滴KSCN溶液呈红色;2、FeCl3溶液与NaOH溶液反应,生成红褐色沉淀;
3、向FeCl3溶液溶液中通入H2S气体,生成淡黄色沉淀;
4、向FeCl3溶液中加入几滴Na2S溶液,生成淡黄色沉淀;当加入的Na2S溶液过量时,又生成黑色沉淀;
5、向FeCl3溶液中加入过量Fe粉时,溶液变浅绿色;
6、向FeCl3溶液中加入过量Cu粉,溶液变蓝绿色; 7、将FeCl3溶液滴入淀粉KI溶液中,溶液变蓝色;
8、向FeCl3溶液中滴入苯酚溶液,溶液变紫色;
14:“黑色金属”有哪些
化学上把铁、铬、锰三种金属和铁基合金统称为“黑色金属”。
15:Fe2 与Fe3 的鉴别方法
Fe2 与Fe3 的性质不同而又可以相互转化。中学化学中可用以下几种方法加以鉴别。
1.观察法:其溶液呈棕黄色者是Fe3 ,呈浅绿色者是Fe2 。
2.H2S法:通往H2S气体或加入氢硫酸,有浅黄色沉淀析出者是Fe3 ,而Fe2 溶液 不反应。2Fe3 +H2S==2Fe2+2H +S↓
3.KSCN法:加入KSCN或其它可溶性硫氰化物溶液,呈血红色者是Fe3 溶液,而Fe2 的溶液无此现象。这是鉴别鉴别Fe3 与Fe2 最常用、最灵敏的方法。Fe3 +SCN−==[Fe(SCN)]2
4.苯酚法:分别加入苯酚溶液,显透明紫色的是Fe3 溶液,无此现象的是Fe2 的溶液。Fe3+6C6H5OH→[Fe(C6H5O)6]3−+6H (了解)
5.碱液法:取两种溶液分别通入氨气或碱液,生成红褐色沉淀的是Fe3 溶液,生成白色沉淀并迅速变为灰绿色、最终变成红褐色的是Fe2 溶液。 Fe3 +3NH3·H2O==Fe(OH)3↓+3NH4 ;
Fe3 +3OH‾== Fe(OH)3↓ Fe2 +2 NH3·H2O==Fe(OH)2↓+2NH4 ;4 Fe(OH)2+2H2O+O2==4 Fe(OH)3
6.淀粉KI试纸法:能使淀粉KI试纸变蓝的是Fe3 溶液,无变化的是Fe3 溶液。2 Fe3 +2I‾==2 Fe2 +I2
7.铜片法:分别加入铜片,铜片溶解且溶液渐渐变为蓝色的是Fe3 溶液,无明显现象的是Fe2 溶液。
2 Fe3 +Cu==2 Fe2 +Cu2
8.KMnO4法:分别加入少量酸性KMnO4溶液,振荡,能使KMnO4溶液紫红色变浅的是Fe2 溶液,颜色不变浅的是Fe3 溶液。5 Fe2 +MnO4−+8H ==5 Fe3 +Mn2 +4H2O
16:金属的冶炼规律
1.活泼金属的冶炼 钠、镁、铝等活泼金属,采用电解其熔融态的卤化物的方法冶炼(通直流电)。
例如:2NaCl(熔融) 2Na+Cl2↑ MgCl2熔融) Mg+Cl2↑
2Al2O3(熔融) 4Al+3O2↑(加入Na3AlF6作熔剂)
注:这里为何不电解熔融态铝的氯化物而须电解其熔融态的氧化物,读者应掌握AlCl3为共价化合物,熔融态时不电离,而Al2O3为离子化合物,熔融态时可发生电离的道理。
2.中等活泼的金属的冶炼 锌、铁、锡、铅等中等活泼的金属采用还原剂还原它们的氧化物的方法冶炼。
例如:ZnO+C Zn+CO↑ Fe2O3+3CO 2Fe+3CO2 WO3+3H2 W+3H2O
Cr2O3+2Al 2Cr+Al2O3
3.不活泼金属的冶炼 银、铂、金等不活泼金属在自然界可以游离态存在,直接采用物理方法(如淘金等)冶炼,而铜、汞等不活泼金属可用还原剂还原法或热分解法冶炼。例如:2HgO 2Hg+O2↑
17:“置换反应”有哪些?
1.较活泼金属单质与不活泼金属阳离子间置换 如:Zn+Cu2 ==Zn2 +Cu Cu+2Ag =2Ag
2、活泼非金属单质与不活泼非金属阴离子间置换Cl2 2Br‾==2Cl‾ Br2
I2 S2−==2I‾ S 2F2+2H2O==4HF+O2
3、 活泼金属与弱氧化性酸中H 置换 2Al+6H ==2Al3−+3H2↑
Zn+2CH3COOH==Zn2 +2CH3COO‾+H2↑
4、金属单质与其它化合物间置换 2Mg+CO2 2MgO+C
2Mg+SO2 2MgO+S Mn+FeO MnO+Fe 2Na+2H2O==2Na +2OH‾+H2↑
2Na+2C6H5OH(熔融)→2C6H5ONa+H2↑ 2Na+2C2H5OH→2C2H5ONa+H2↑
10Al+3V2O5 5Al2O3+6V 8Al+3Fe3O4 4Al2O3+9Fe
2FeBr2+3Cl2==2FeCl3+2Br2 2FeI2+ 3Br2==2FeBr3+2I2 Mg+2H2O Mg(OH)2+H2↑
3Fe+4H2O(气) Fe3O4+4 H2↑
5、 非金属单质与其它化合物间置换 H2S+X2==S↓+2H +2X‾
2H2S+O2 2S+2H2O(O2不足) CuO+ C Cu+CO↑ (C过量时)
2 CuO+C 2Cu+CO2↑ (CuO过量时) FeO+ C Fe+CO↑
2FeO+Si SiO2+2Fe↑ 2FeO+C 2Fe+CO2↑ CuO+H2 Cu+H2O
Cu2O+H2 2Cu+H2O SiO2+2C Si+2CO↑ 3Cl2+8NH3==6NH4Cl+N2
3Cl2+2NH3==6HCl+N2
18:条件不同,生成物则不同
1、2P+3Cl2 2PCl3(Cl2不足) ;2P+5Cl2 2PCl5(Cl2充足)
2、2H2S+3O2 2H2O+2SO2(O2充足) ;2H2S+O2 2H2O+2S(O2不充足)
3、4Na+O2 2Na2O 2Na+O2 Na2O2
4、Ca(OH)2+CO2 (适量)== CaCO3↓+H2O ;Ca(OH)2+2CO2(过量)==Ca(HCO3)2↓
5、2Cl2+2 Ca(OH)2==Ca(ClO)2+CaCl2+2H2O 6Cl2+6 Ca(OH)2 Ca(ClO3)2+5CaCl2+6H2O
6、C+O2 CO2(O2充足) ;2C+O2 2CO (O2不充足)
7、8HNO3(稀)+3Cu==2NO↑+2Cu(NO3)2+4H2O 4HNO3(浓)+ Cu==2NO2↑+Cu(NO3)2+2H2O
8、NaCl(固)+H2SO4 (浓)NaHSO4+HCl↑ 2NaCl(固)+H2SO4 (浓)Na2SO4+2HCl↑
9、 H3PO4+ NaOH==NaH2PO4+H2O;H3PO4+2NaOH==Na2HPO4+2H2O
H3PO4+3NaOH==Na3PO4+3H2O
10、AlCl3+3NaOH==Al(OH)3↓+3NaCl ; AlCl3+4NaOH(过量)==NaAlO2+2H2O
11、NaAlO2+4HCl(过量)==NaCl+2H2O+AlCl3;NaAlO2+HCl+H2O==NaCl+Al(OH)3↓
12、Fe+6HNO3(热、浓)==Fe(NO3)3+3NO2↑+3H2O;Fe+HNO3(冷、浓)→(钝化)
13、Fe+6HNO3(热、浓) Fe(NO3)3+3NO2↑+3H2O;Fe+4HNO3(热、浓) Fe(NO3)2+2NO2↑+2H2O
14、Fe+4HNO3(稀)=Fe(NO3)3+NO↑+2H2O;3Fe+8HNO3(稀)=3Fe(NO3)3+2NO↑+4H2O
15、C2H5OH CH2=CH2↑+H2O C2H5-OH+HO-C2H5 C2H5-O-C2H5+H2O
16.苯与氯气反应
17、C2H5Cl+NaOH C2H5OH+NaCl C2H5Cl+NaOH CH2=CH2↑+NaCl+H2O
18、6FeBr2+3Cl2(不足)==4FeBr3+2FeCl3 2FeBr2+3Cl2(过量)==2Br2+2FeCl3
19:滴加顺序不同,现象不同
1、AgNO3与NH3·H2O:AgNO3向NH3·H2O中滴加——开始无白色沉淀,后产生白色沉淀
• NH3·H2O向AgNO3中滴加——开始有白色沉淀,后白色沉淀消失
2、Ca(OH)2与H3PO4(多元弱酸与强碱反应均有此情况):
Ca(OH)2向H3PO4中滴加——开始无白色沉淀,后产生白色沉淀
H3PO4向Ca(OH)2中滴加——开始有白色沉淀,后白色沉淀消失
3、NaOH与AlCl3:NaOH向AlCl3中滴加——开始有白色沉淀,后白色沉淀消失
• AlCl3向NaOH中滴加——开始无白色沉淀,后产生白色沉淀
4、HCl与NaAlO2:HCl向NaAlO2中滴加——开始有白色沉淀,后白色沉淀消失
• NaAlO2向HCl中滴加——开始无白色沉淀,后产生白色沉淀
5、Na2CO3与盐酸:Na2CO3向盐酸中滴加——开始有气泡,后不产生气泡
• 盐酸向Na2CO3中滴加——开始无气泡,后产生气泡
20:有关“燃烧”的总结
(一)“燃烧”的条件:
1.温度达到着火点;2.有助燃剂(多指在反应中的氧化剂)
(二)镁在哪些气体中能燃烧?
1.镁在空气(氧气)中燃烧:2Mg+O2 2MgO 现象:产生白烟,发出耀眼的强光。
2.镁在氯气中燃烧:Mg+Cl2 MgCl2 现象:产生白烟。
3.镁在氮气中燃烧:3Mg+N2 Mg3N2 现象:产生灰黄色烟。
4.镁在CO2气体中燃烧:2Mg+CO2 2MgO+C现象:产生白烟,瓶壁上有少许淡黄色物质。
(三)火焰颜色小结:
H2在空气中燃烧(淡蓝色);CH4在空气中燃烧(淡蓝色);C2H4在空气中燃烧(火焰明亮,黑烟)
C2H2在空气中燃烧(浓烈的黑烟);H2S在空气中燃烧(淡蓝色);C2H5OH在空气中燃烧(淡蓝色)
S在空气中燃烧(淡蓝色);S在纯氧中燃烧(蓝紫色);CO在空气中燃烧(淡蓝色)
H2在Cl2中燃烧(苍白色)
此外:含钠元素的物质焰色呈黄色;含钾元素的物质焰色呈紫色(透过蓝色钴玻璃片)
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语法是英语高考必考的考点,掌握好语法知识很关键。现在小编为大家梳理高考英语语法常考的八大状语从句,希望对大家有帮助。
尤其要注意“it+be+一段时间+before…”这一句型。如:
1. The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time ______ we meet them again. (安徽卷)
A. after B. before C. since D. when
2. He was told that it would be at least three more months ______ he could recover and return to work. (江西卷)
A. when B. before C. since D. that
【解析】两道题均before。第1题涉及的句式为:It will be a long time before…,意思是“要过很久才会……”;第2题涉及的句式为:it was some time before…,意思是“在……之前过了一段时间”,通常可转译为“要过一段时间才会……”。
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2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(广东卷)及答案分析
绝密前启用 试卷类型:A
本试卷共12页,四大题,满分150分。考试用时120分钟。
注意事项:
1.答卷前,考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。
2.选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案,答案不能答在试卷上。
3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后,将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
I 听力 (共两节,满分35分)
第一节 听力理解(5段,共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
每段播放两遍。各段后有几个小题,各段播放前每小题有5秒钟的阅读时间。请根据各段播放内容及其相关小题,在5秒钟内从题中所给的A、B、C项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
听第一段对话,回答1-3题。
1.Why does the man want to borrow the women’s notes?
A .He missed the classes.
B.He is not satisfied with his notes.
C.He has not taken any notes in class.
2. When does the man feel sleepy?
A.On his way to class.
B.At the beginning of class.
C.Thirty minutes after class begins.
3. Where will the speakes go?
A.To the library.
B.To the cafeteria.
C.To the supermarket.
听第二段对话,回答第4-6题。
4.where will the man most probably find out about the company?
A.In the brochures
B. In the libtary
C. On the Internet.
5.Why will the company ask the man whether he is good for the job?
A.To know how he cares abuout the company
B.To know what he can contribute to the companuy
C. To know if he can make brochures for the company.
6.When can the man ask questions about the job?
A.At the end of the interview .
B.In the middle of the interview.
C.At the beginning of the interview.
听第三段对话,回答第7-9题。
7.What dose the man think of big parties?
A.They are nosiy.
B. They are boring.
C.They are interesting.
8.Why does the women like parties ?
A. They are the best way to meet people.
B. They are the times to meet her best friends.
C. They are the opportunites to find serious guys.
9.What is the propable relationship between the speakers?
A. Colleagues
B. Schoolmates
C. Teacher and student.
听第四段独白,回答第10~12题。
10.What made seaside holiday possible for British families around the mid-19th century?
A. Better railway services.
B. The invention of the railways
C. The fast growth of the railways
11.Why couldn’t ordinary working people goon holiday before 1871?
A. The had very little time off work.
B. Banks were closed during holidays.
C. The government was not interested in holidays.
12 . What was offered at the seaside to attract holidaymakers?
A. Free accommodation
B.Income rise.
C Cheap entertainment.
听第五段话,回答13~15题
13 How does the man go to work ?
A By car.
B By bus.
C By train.
14.How long will the man’s flight take?
A. About 15 hours.
B. About 16 hours
C. About 18 hours.
15.What does the man do in order to get to sleep on the plane?
A . He gets himself tired on the plane
B .He stays up late the day before the flight .
C .He takes medicine or has a beer on the plane.
第二节: 听取信息(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分)
听下面一段独白,请根据题目要求,从所听到的内容中获取必要的信息,填入答题卡标号为16~20 的空格中。 听录音前,你将有10秒钟的阅题时间,录音读两遍。你将有60秒钟的作答时间。
Ronald Reagan
(1911~2004)
Time | Important events | Other information |
1932 | get a job as a radio(16) ______ announcer | |
1937 | became a movie actor | |
during the next 27 years | appeared in more than(17)______ | Playing supporting rules as the hero’s friend |
from 1954 to 1965 | acted in some popular(18) ______ | |
from 1966 to 1974 | served as governor of California | |
from 1980 to 1988 | served as president of the United States | the (19)_______ person to serve as U. S. president |
after leaving the White House | retired to his (20)_______ in California |
Ⅱ 语言知识及应用(共两节,满分35分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题2分,满分20分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从21-3各题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项,并填写在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
Every country has its own culture.
Even though each country uses doors. Doors many have_ 21 __functions and purposes which lead to___22__ differences.
When I first came to America, I noticed that a public building had two different__23___ and they had distinct functions. You have to push the door with the word “PUSH” to go out of the building and to pull the door with the word “PULL” to_ 24____the building. This was new to me, because we use the ____25__door in south Korea. For quite a few times I failed to go out of a shopping centre and was embarrassed.
The way of using school bus doors was also ____26__ to me .I used to take the school bus to classes. The school decided that when the driver opened both the front and back doors, ___27 _who were getting off the bus should get off first , and students who were getting on should get on __ 28_ . In south Korea, we do not need to wait for people to get off. One morning, I hurried to the bus ,and when the bus doors opened, I___ 29____tried to get on the school bus through the front door. All the students around looked at me, I was totally_ 30 _ _,and my face went red.
21. A.different B.important C.practical D.unusual
答案:C
试题分析:从“lead to 22 differences”可判断“不同功能导致-------不同”
高考考点:考查形容词
温馨提示:A 不同的 B 重要的 C 实践的 D不寻常的
22. A.national B.embarrassing C.cultural D.amazing
答案:C
试题分析:从开头总括句“Every country has its own culture.”
高考考点:考查形容词
温馨提示:A 国家的B 尴尬的 C文化的 D惊奇的
23. A.exits B.entrances C.signs D.doors
答案:C
试题分析:从下文“push the door with the word PUSH”和“pull the door with the word PULL”及two diffent可知
高考考点:考查名词
温馨提示:A 出口 B 入口 C 标志 D门
24.A.enter B.leave C.open D.close
答案:A
试题分析:从上文“push the door with the word PUSH to go out of the building”可知“the door with the word PULL”是相反的
高考考点:考查名词
温馨提示:A 进入 B 离开 C 打开 D 关闭
25. A.main B.same C.front D.back
答案:B
试题分析:由上文“came to America”,“This was new to me”原因是在南韩和美国不同。
高考考点:考查形容词
温馨提示:A 重要的 B 相同的 C 前面的 D 后面的
26.A.annoying B.hard C.satisfying D.strange
答案:D
试题分析:由上文第三段知:公共建筑门的使用方式不同,使作者感到尴尬——可知:下文的巴士门对作者来说也是陌生的
高考考点:考查形容词
温馨提示:A讨厌的 B畏难的 C满意的 D陌生的
27.A.parents B.students C.teachers D.drivers
答案:B
试题分析:由下文的并列句“students who were getting on 。。。。。。。”可以知道
高考考点:考查名词
温馨提示:A 父母 B学生 C老师 D司机
28.A.sooner B.later C.faster D.earlier
答案:B
试题分析:由上文并列句“who were getting off the bus should get off first”可以知道
高考考点:考查形容词比较
温馨提示:A 很快 B 较晚 C 较快 D 较早
29.A.politely B.patiently C.unconsciously D.slowly
答案:C
试题分析:由上文“in South Korea, we do not need to wait for people to get off.”可知作者在生活中已养成了该习惯,由生活常识知道到美国后,就无意识的遵循以往的习惯。
高考考点:考查副词
温馨提示:A 礼貌地 B 耐心地 C 无意识地 D 慢慢地
30.A.embarrassed B.annoyed C.unsatisfied D.excited
答案:A
试题分析:由下文“my face went red.”及“For quite a few times I failed to go out of a shopping centre and was embarrassed.”可知答案应是A
高考考点:考查形容词
温馨提示:A 尴尬的 B 恼怒的 C 不满意的 D 兴奋地
第二节 语法填空(共10笑题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或受用括号中词语的正确形式填空,并将答案填在答题卡标号为31~40的相应位置上。
A young man,while traveling through a desert,csme across a spring of clear water.____31____water was sweet.He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder ____32____ had been his teacher .After a four-day journey, the young man____33___.(present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled____34____(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.The young man went home____35_____a happy heart.
After the student left, the teacher let __36___student taste the water. He spit it out, __37___(say) it was awful. Apparently, it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container. He asked his teacher,” Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like ___38____?”
The teacher replied,” You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be ___39___ (sweet).”
We understand this lesson best ____40___ we receive gifts of love from children. Whether it is a cheap pipe on a diamond necklace, the proper response is appreciation. We love the idea within the gift rather than the thing.
31. 答案:the
试题分析:由上文a spring of clear water 第一次提到water下文---water紧接着第二次特指
高考考点:考查冠词
易错提醒:易用Its
32. 答案:who
试题分析:who 引导定语从句限制elder且做从句的主语
高考考点:考查定语从句
易错提醒:易填that
35、答案:with
试题分析:本处缺介词,构成介词短语,并且表伴随状态。
高考考点:考查介词
易错提醒:易填in
36、答案:another
试题分析:由student单数可知前面代数应指一个人,由下文“He asked his teacher”可知是另一个学生。
高考考点:考查代词
易错提醒:易填other
37. saving
38. it
39. sweeter
40. that
#p#副标题#e#Ⅲ.阅读(共两节,满分40分)
第一节 阅读理解(共15小题;每小2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When I was growing up in America, I was ashamed of my mother’s Chinese English. Because of her English, she was often treated unfairly. People in department stores, at banks, And at restaurants did not take her seriously ,did not give her good service ,pretended not to Understand her ,or even acted as if they did not hear her.
My mother has realized the limitations of her English as well. When I was fifteen, she used to have me call people on phone to pretend I was she . I was forced to ask for information or even to yell at people who had been rude to her. One time I had to call her stockbroker (股票经纪人).I said in an adolescent voice that was not very convincing, “This is Mrs.Tan.”
And my mother was standing beside me ,whispering loudly, “Why he don’t send me cheek already two week lone.”
And then , in perfect English I said : “I’m getting rather concerned .You agreed to send the check two weeks ago, but it hasn’t arrived.”
Then she talked more loudly. “What he want? I come to New York tell him front of his boss.” And so I turned to the stockbroker again, “I can’t tolerate any more excuse. If I don’t receive the check immediately , I am going to have to speak to your manager when I am in New York next week.”
The next week we ended up in New York. While I was sitting there red-faced, my mother, the real Mrs.Tan, was shouting to his boss in her broken English.
When I was a teenager, my mother’s broken English embarrassed me. But now, I see it differently. To me, my mother’s English is perfectly clear, perfectly natural. It is my mother tongue. Her language, as I hear it, is vivid, direct, and full of observation and wisdom. It was the language that helped shape the way I saw things, expressed ideas, and made sense of the world.
41.Why was the author’s mother poorly served?
A.She was unable to speak good English.
B.She was often misunderstood.
C.She was not clearly heard.
D.She was not very polite.
答案:A
试题分析:由文中Because of her English, she was often treated unfairly.可知
高考考点:考查事实细节
易错提醒:易错选B
42.From Paragorph 2, we know that the author was .
A.good a pretending
B.rude to the stockbroker
C.ready to help her mother
D.unwilling to phone for her mother
答案:D
43.After the author made the phone call, .
A.they forgave the stockbroker
B.they failed to get the check
C.they went to New York immediately
D.they spoke to their boss at once
答案:B
44.What does the author think of her mother’s English now?
A.It confuses her.
B.It embarrasses her.
C.It helps her understand the world.
D.It helps her tolerate rude people.
答案:C
试题分析:由文中最后一段But now, I see it differently. To me, --------and made sense of the world.
高考考点:考查分析推测能力
45.We can inter from the passage that Chinese English .
A.is clear and natural to non-native speakers
B.is vivid and direct to non-native speakers
C.has a verv bad reputation in America
D.may bring inconvenience in America
答案:D
试题分析:由文中作者母亲的经历可以推测出
高考考点:考查文章分析推断能力
B
When something goes wrong,it can be very satisfying to say,”Well,it’s so-and-so’s fault.”or “I know I’m late,but it’s not my fault;the car broke down.”It is probably not your fault,but once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation,you are a loser. You have no power and could do nothing that helps change the situation. However,you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation. This is the winner’s key to success.
Winners are great at overcoming problems. For example, if you were late because your car broke down, maybe you need to have your car examined more regularly. Or, you might start to carry along with you the useful phone numbers, so you could call for help when in need. For another example, if your colleague causes you problems on the job for lack of responsibility or ability, find ways of dealing with his irresponsibility or inability rather than simply blame the person. Ask to work with a different person, or don’t rely on the person. You should accept that the person. Ask to work with a different person, or don’t rely on this person. You should accept that the person is not reliable and find creative ways to work successfully regardless of how your colleague fails to do his job well.
This is what being a winner is all about—creatively using your skills and talents so that you are successful no matter what happens. Winners don’t have fewer problems in their lives; they have just as many difficult situations to face as anybody else. They are just better at seeing those problems as challenges and opportunities to develop their own talents. So, stop focusing on “whose fault it is.” Once you are confident about your power over bad situations, problems are just stepping stop on for success.
46. According to the passage, winners .
A. deal with problems rather than blame others
B. meet with fewer difficulties in their lives
C. have responsible and able colleagues
D. blame themselves rather that others
答案:A
试题分析:由第一段“However, you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation.”可知
高考考点:考查文章大意概括及分析
47.The underlined word remedy in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to .
A. avoid
B. accept
C. improve
D. consider
答案:C
试题分析:由第一段最后两句可知
高考考点:考查推断能力
48.When your colleague brings about a problem, you should .
A. find a better way to handle the problem
B. blame him for his lack of responsibility
C. tell him to find the cause of the problem
D. ask a more able colleague for help
答案:A
试题分析:由第二段if your colleague causes you problems on the job for lack of responsibility or ability, find ways of dealing with his irresponsibility or inability rather than simply blame the person.可知
高考考点:考查细节理解
易错提醒:易错选C
49. When problems occur, winners take them as
A. excuses for their failures
B. barriers to greater power
C. challenges to their colleagues
D.chances for self-development
答案:D
试题分析:文中最后一段. Winners don't have fewer problems in their lives; they have just as many difficult situation to face as anybody else.
高考考点:考查细节分析理解
易错提醒:易错选 C
50. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. A Winner’s Secret. B. A Winner’s Problem.
C. A Winner’s Opportunity. D. A Winner’s Achievement.
答案:A
试题分析:由文章的重点句:第二段开头句,第三段开头句等分析概括可知A最合适
高考考点:考查文章大意概括能力
易错提醒:易选错B
C
Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly. The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms.
Certain microorganisms(微生物)cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body, these tiny living things release(释放)poisons that make people sick.
Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown, processed, or prepared. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops.
Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people. These include certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms.
When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small. Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures. This means that people should never touch food with dirty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces. Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from growing. Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms. People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it. Finally, people should not eat wild mushrooms or other foods that grow in the wild. Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are poisonous to humans. In addition, some types of fish can be poisonous.
Most people recover from food poisoning after a few days of resting and drinking extra water. If people eat natural poisons, they must go to the hospital right away to have their stomachs emptied.
51. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Food when poisoned can make people sick.
B. Food poisoning means death.
C. Food poisoning comes in varieties.
D. Food poisoning can be serious.
答案:B
52.We know from the passage that the symptoms of food poisoning .
A.are always accompanied by a fever
B.are too common to be noted
C.can be noticed within hours
D.can he ignored
答案:C
53.Food poisoning can be caused by all the following EXCEPT .
A.some chemicals
B.low temperatures
C.some tiny living things
D.certain natural materials
答案:B
试题分析:由第五段Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from gnawing.可知low temperatures不能导致Food poisoning
高考考点:考查事实细节分析理解
易错提醒:易错选C
54.From Paragraph 5,we can learn that .
A.mushrooms should not be eaten
B.vegetables are safer than meat and seafood
C.natural poisons are more dangerous than chemicals
D.different types of food should be handled differently
答案:D
试题分析:由第五段第一句话可以推测出D恰当,A太绝对B。C无细节支持
高考考点:考查推测分析能力
易错提醒:易选错C
55.It can be inferred from the passage that .
A.natural materials are safe in food processing
B.chemicals are needed in food processing
C.food poisoning can be kept under control
D.food poisoning is out of control
答案:C
试题分析:由文中第五段第一句话可推测出C正确
高考考点:考查推测能力
易错提醒:易错选A
第二节 信息匹配(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
阅读下列应用文及相关信息,并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂墨。
首先请阅读下列国外媒体上的插图及提示性文字:
A. B.
Harry Potter stars add A tour of discovering Normandy
magic to young rich.
C. D.
Do Hollywood stars Save Emergency Rooms
guarantee a film’s success? for emergencies.
E. F.
Her theories on children’s Jenny McCarthy and Jim
psychological problems Carrey, with Ms.McCarthy’s
created a sensation. son,in an anti-vaccine rally.
以下是关于这些插图的简要评论。请把评论与相关插图及提示性文字匹配起来。
56.The debate has been raging for years over the safety of,and necessity for, childhood vaccinations, which has been so much so that it is termed“The Vaccine War”.The debate has only a few moments that might be inspiring to those who have been following this now familiar issue.
答案:F
试题分析:由评论中"The Vaccine War".与F提示性文字anti-vaccine rally匹配得到
57.There are certainly benefits of using a star in a film.It makes the film easier to market. Stars also help sell more tickets and drive DVD sales, which are a big part of studio revenue However, a star does not guarantee success.The simple fact is that if you pay a star a greal deal of money for a film that people don’t want to see, then it won’t work.
答案:C
试题分析:由评论中There are certainly benefits of using a star in a film与C中图片及文字stars gurrantee a film’s success
58.They are barely in their twenties and are already multimillionaires. At the age when many people are looking for their first job, the youngsters of The Sunday Times Rich List are buying country estates or jetting off to their overseas homes.Daniel Radcliffe, for example, who plays Harry Potter, has a fortune of ξ42 million, at 20.
答案:A
59.Millions of jobless Americans, who might be suffering in anxiety and lacking a sense of security, are showing up at emergency rooms of state- owned hospitals, contributing to a longer waiting time and a higher risk of cursory treatment by overworked doctors and nurses.
答案:D
60.Alice Miller, a psychology expert, who died at 87 at home in Provence, France, on April 14, repositioned the family as a central place of abnormal psychological function with her theory that parental power and punishment lay at the root of nearly all human problems.
答案:E
Ⅳ 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节 基础写作(共1小题,满分15分)
以下是一则关于中国政府决定禁烟的报道的主要内容。
内容:公共场所禁烟 实施时间:2011年1月1日起 实施范围:全国 目标:所有室内公共场所无烟 措施:张贴禁烟标志 相关数据: (1)吸烟人数:约3.5亿 (2)分布:男性75%;女性:25% (3)受二手烟影响人数:约5.4亿 (4)因二手烟死亡人数:超过10万/年 |
二手烟:second-hand smoke
[写作内容]
请根据以上内容给学校英语墙报写一篇通讯,内容包括:
1.禁烟决定的内容及实施的时间和范围;
2.目标和措施;
3.相关数据。
[写作要求]
只能用5个句子表达全部内容。
[评分标准]
句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯。
答案:My country begines to carry out the policy that prevents smoking in public buildings since January 1st,2011.The main aim is to make every public rooms have no smoke by posting the sign of preventing smoking. There are 350 million people smoking recently, in which the male hold 75 percent and the female hold 25 percent. Because of these smokers, about 540 million non-smokers are influenced. More than 100 thousand people per year die because of the second smoke.
试题分析:符合题目要求、语法正确、文字连贯通顺,条理清晰
高考考点:5句话写作 复合句及并列句的应用
第二节 读写任务(共1小题,满分25分)
阅读下面的短文,然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
In junior high school, one of my classmates, Ethan, was addicted to TV. This boy simply knew everything about such pop shows as Who’s the Boss?
Then one day Ethan’s mother made him an offer in order to draw him back to his school subjects. She promised that she would give him $200 if he could go a full month without watching any TV. None of us thought Ethan could do it, but he did quit TV. His mom paid him $200. He went out and bought a TV, the biggest he could find.
In recent years, hundreds of schools have carried out experiments with paying kids with cash for showing up or getting good grades. All school kids admire this trend. But it upsets adults. Teachers say that we are rewarding kids for doing what they should be doing of their own will.Psychologists warn that money can actually make kids perform worse by making the act of learning cheap. The debate has become a typical battle over why our kids are not learning at the rate they should be despite decades of reforms and budget increases.
[写作内容]
1.以约30词概括上文的主要内容。
2.以约120词对用金钱鼓励孩子学习的现象进行议论,内容包括:
(1)你对用金钱鼓励孩子学习的看法:
(2)你的父母(或其他亲人)是如何鼓励你学习的;
(3)你认为怎样才能更好地鼓励孩子学习
[写作要求]
1.作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事,也可以参照阅读材料的内容,但不得直接引用原文中的句子。
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]
概括准确,语言规范,内容合适,语篇连贯。
答案:The passage is mainly about parents give money to their children so that they can show up or get good grades recently by the way of taking the example of Ethan and his mother.
试题分析:写一个用金钱鼓励孩子的现象的讨论的议论文,内容涉及分析原因和表达的看法。
高考考点:观点态度、原因、重点复合句的应用。
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“限制酶”是高考试题中命题频率较高的知识点,也是高考备考的核心知识点。下面结合典型试题,对相关知识进行归纳和整合,希望能对广大考生的复习备考有所裨益。
酶切图谱是指选取某一特定长度的DNA分子,用多种限制酶单独或联合切割,再通过电泳技术将酶切片段进行分离,计算相对大小,以确定每一种限制酶在DNA分子中的切点位置和相对距离,并据此绘制而成的物理图谱(一般以直线或环状图式表示)。
例4用限制酶EcoRⅤ、MboⅠ单独或联合切割同一种质粒,得到的DNA片段长度如下图(1kb即1000个碱基对),请在下图中画出质粒上EcoRⅤ、MboⅠ的切割位点。
解析:分析题中图解可知,用EcoRⅤ切割质粒只得到长度为14 kb的一个片段,说明该酶在质粒上只有1个切点;同理可以推测MboⅠ在质粒上有2个切点;由图中可以看出同时用两种限制酶切割时得到了3个片段,由此可以推测限制酶EcoRⅤ的切点在图中11.5 kb的DNA片段中。具体切割位点见答案。
答案:见右图:
变式训练
1.下列四条DNA分子,彼此间具有粘性末端的一组是( )
A.①② B.②③ C.③④ D.②④
答案:D
2.在DNA测序工作中,需要将某些限制酶的限制位点在DNA上定位,使其成为DNA分子中的物理参照点,这项工作称为“限制酶图谱的构建”。现用限制酶HindⅢ、BamHI以及二者的混合物分别降解一个4kb(1kb即1千个碱基对)大小的线性DNA分子,然后通过某种方法将获得的不同长度的DNA片段分开,结果如下图所示:
据此分析,这两种限制酶在该DNA分子上的限制位点数目是以下哪一组( )
A.HindⅢl个,BamHI2个 B.HindⅢ2个,BamHI3个
C.HindⅢ2个,BamHI1个 D.HindⅢ和BamHI各有2个
答案:A
3.图1表示含有目的基因D的DNA片段长度(bp即碱基对)和部分碱基序列,图2表示一种质粒的结构和部分碱基序列。现有Msp I、BamH I、Mbo I、Sma I4种限制性核酸内切酶,它们识别的碱基序列和酶切位点分别为C↓CGG、G↓GATCC、↓GATC、CCC↓GGG。请回答下列问题
(1)图1的一条脱氧核苷酸链中相邻两个碱基之间依次由 连接。
(2)若用限制酶SmaI完全切割图1中DNA片段,产生的末端是 末端,其产物长度为 。
(3)若图1中虚线方框内的碱基对被T-A碱基对替换,那么基因D就突变为基因d。从杂合子中分离出图1及其对应的DNA片段,用限制酶Sma I完全切割,产物中共有 种不同长度的DNA片段。
(4)若将图2中质粒和目的基因D通过同种限制酶处理后进行连接,形成重组质粒,那么应选用的限制酶是 。在导入重组质粒后,为了筛选出含重组质粒的大肠杆菌,一般需要用添加 的培养基进行培养。经检测,部分含有重组质粒的大肠杆菌菌株中目的基因D不能正确表达,其最可能的原因是 。
答案:(1)脱氧核糖、磷酸、脱氧核糖(2)平 537bp、790bp、661bp (3)4
(4)BamH I 抗生素B 同种限制酶切割形成的末端相同,部分目的基因D与质粒反向链接
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眼看离高考只有50多天,已经到了高考冲刺阶段,而自己的英语还是没有很大的进步,很多同学就开始紧张,甚至开始产生了放弃英语的想法。虽然我们仅仅还有50天,而这50天却是高考最重要的日子,好好利用这50天,复习好下面十大考点,就能轻而易举地把英语攻下。
Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别
一般说来,what/who等含特指意义,而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义,意为“无论什么/无论谁”。
It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
解析:答案是B,whatever引导一个宾语从句,并且作wants的宾语。这里的whatever不能改成what,因为题意想表达的显然是“无论孩子要什么就给他/她什么事不明智的”,具有泛指的概念。同时要注意,这里whatever也不能改用no matter what,因为后者只能引导状语从句。比较下例:
I can’t remember at the moment who has said the words. (这里的who表特定的某人)
Where, when, why等连接副词引导的名词性从句
Where, when, why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句,使用的关键是:这个词必须符合句子的逻辑要求。
—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
—Is that ____ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. that D. where
解析:答案是A,why引导的从句作表语,同时why在从句中作原因状语。这里之所以选why,而不是when或 where等,唯一的依据便是句子的逻辑含义,及语境。
“介词+who(m)引导的宾语从句”与“介词+ whom”引导的定语从句的区别
介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾格,决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语。
It was a matter of ____ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
解析:答案是A。这是一个含宾语从句的复合句,作介词of宾语的,是后面的整个句子,而不是宾语从句的引导词,由于这里引导词在从句中作主语,所以要用主格who(作宾语时自然要用whom)。
名词性从句中有插入成分时
此时应注意两点:一是从句仍然不倒装,而在插入成分上倒装;二是要注意主语的主格和宾格的选择。
____ you have seen both fighters, ____ will win?
A. Since; do you think who B. As; who you think
C. When; whoever D. Since; who do you think
解析:根据上面的讲解,不难知道答案是D。其中do you think是插入成分,其余部分是宾语从句,作think的宾语;由于引导词在从句中作主语,所以要用主格who(不用whom)。
引导词that的省略
引导宾语从句时,that通常可以省略,但引导主语、表语和同位语从句时,that不能省。例如:
China’s success in manned-spacecraft travel shows ____ our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research.
A. what B. which C. 不填 D. it that
解析:该句中的从句作shows的宾语,是宾语从句,又因为从句中不缺主、宾语,所以只能用that引导;又因引导宾语从句时that可以省略,所以答案是C。
同位语从句引导词where, when的用法特点
说明先行词内容的同位语从句的引导词where, when与被说明的名词在概念上不一致。但引导定语从句的引导词却必须保持一致。试比较:
1.Then arose the question ____ we were to get so much money.
2.This the house ____ the great man Mao Zedong was born 110 years ago.
A. where B. that C. about which D. in which
解析:答案分别是1.A 2.A/D。先行词与where, when概念一致时,是定语从句,2题中的house与where同表地点,且这个关系副词where或when可以用“介词+which”的形式代替,所以答案A 和D都可以引导。1题中的question与where不表同一概念,可见是同位语从句,所以where不能改用“介词+which”的形式。
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2023年云南高考英语(全国甲卷)试题及参考答案解析
2023全国甲卷的省份有云南、贵州、四川、西藏、广西,这五个省份所有的全国甲卷所有学科都是由教育部考试中心统一命题。以下是小编为大家收集的关于2023云南高考英语全国甲卷试题及参考答案解析的相关内容,供大家参考!
对应的新课标试卷不同:甲卷对应的是新课标Ⅱ卷;乙卷对应的是新课标Ⅰ卷。
使用地区不同:甲卷的使用地区有重庆、陕西、甘肃、宁夏、青海、新疆、黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、海南(语文、数学、英语);乙卷的使用地区有山西、河北、河南、安徽、湖北、湖南、江西、福建、广东、山东、浙江(英语听力部分)。
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2023高考(全国甲卷)英语试题及参考答案完整版
2023全国甲卷的省份有云南、贵州、四川、西藏、广西,这五个省份所有的全国甲卷所有学科都是由教育部考试中心统一命题。以下是小编为大家收集的关于2023高考(全国甲卷)英语试题及参考答案的相关内容,供大家参考!
一、全国甲卷(5省区):云南、四川、广西、贵州、西藏
二、全国乙卷(12省区):内蒙古、吉林、黑龙江、陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆、山西、安徽、江西、河南
三、新高考全国一卷(8省):山东、广东、湖南、湖北、河北、江苏、福建、浙江
四、新高考全国二卷(3省市):辽宁、重庆、海南
五、天津卷:天津市
六、上海卷:上海市
七、北京卷:北京市
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高考高一英语简单学习方法_高一英语常规学习方法
优秀的学习方法能够帮助学生更好地理解和掌握知识,提高学习效率和学习成果。这里给大家分享一些关于高考高一英语简单学习方法,供大家参考学习。
1,培养兴趣,勤奋刻苦。
兴趣是的老师,只要对英语有浓厚的兴趣,就等于成功了一半。一开始可以起点低一点,进度慢一点,巩固多一点,这样就可以收获多一点,兴趣浓一点。现在随着家庭生活水平的提高,不少高中学生产生了贪图安逸,追求享乐的倾向。于是想走捷径,甚至迷信一些商业广告。其实,每一个学习上成功的学生都是付出了艰苦的劳动的,单凭小聪明、临时突击是学不好功课的。要点滴积累,不要急于求成。记住:Romeisnotmadeinoneday,急于求成就可能会造成消化不良,或者一事无成的结果。急于求成往往表现为对自己提出过高的要求。这样做会给自己很大压力,进而对自己失去信心,失去学英语的兴趣。
2,自主学习,善借他力。
学习的境界就是自主学习。初中时,总是靠老师、家长督促才不得不学。到了高中以后,很多同学都有了自己的人生目标,学习目的也更加明确。知道自己今天该做什么,明天该做什么,而不是盲目地四处出击,临时应付。
3,听力模仿,敢于表达。
加强语音训练。要借助录音机、复读机,模仿语音语调,利用早读时间大声朗读甚至背诵。任何时候起步都不晚。要知道树立信心的过程就是不断犯错的过程。要勇于犯错,才能提高。坚持每天听英语半小时,可以适当做些听力练习。经过一段时间训练后,调整听力材料的难度。尽量多渠道、多方位地练习听,目的是练“耳感”。既要精听,更要泛听,两者相结合。说英语一不要怕犯错误,二不要怕别人笑话。要争取一切机会讲英语,和外国人讲,和同学讲,实在没办法的时候和自己讲甚至对着桌子讲。
4,常规学习、层层落实。
认真对待学习中的五个环节,即课前预习,上课,课后复习,完成作业和习题纠错。课前预习要自觉,要力争自己读懂、学会教师将要讲的东西,并发现自己不甚明白的地方。有条件的话,还应自己翻查资料,攻克难点。上课要积极参与活动,听讲要学会抓重点,笔记要记下关键有用的东西。课后复习要及时,可采用回想法,并善于概括集中。作业不但要完成,还要从所完成的作业中总结审题、解题的规律。最后一环是习题纠错,是备一个纠错本,建立错题集,定期回顾,各个击破。
5,大量练习、及时总结。
英语与其说是学会的,不如说是练会的。做练习不能只局限于课后作业,课后作业往往过于简单,不能满足应试的需要。平时每学完一个单元,就要做配套巩固练习,每学一个语法项目,就要做专项训练,在练习中使学到的知识不断得到巩固。另外,练习中要揣摩规律,要学会总结,善于模仿,了解背景知识,分辨语言应用环境。
6,积累词汇、抓好阅读。
学英语的一大难题就是记单词,关于词汇的学习,应坚持词不离句、句不离的原则。结合句子记单词易懂,易记,还易应用。要尊重记忆规律,反复是关键。选一种英汉双解词典做自己的良师益友,遇有词汇方面的疑问,不要等待教师的解答,自己找词典求得答案。经常使用词典,就会越用越熟练,而且能学会根据上下文找到恰当的释义。
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2024高考历史高频考点(高三历史重点知识点)
高三历史学科比较难学。因为高中历史学科的知识点非常多且琐碎,需要花费大量时间进行整理和记忆,如果没有掌握正确的学习方法,很难在短时间内掌握大量知识点。以下是小编为大家收集的关于2024高考历史高频考点的相关内容,供大家参考!
易错点
1.老子是道家学派的创始人,但不是道教的创始人,道教兴起于东汉。
2.孟子的“仁政”不是对孔子“仁”的简单继承,从纵向来说,孟子的政治思想是对孔子“为政以德”思想的继承与发展。孔子的“仁”是一种含义极广的伦理道德观念,其最基本的精神即是“爱人”。孟子从孔子的“仁学”思想出发,把它扩充发展成包括思想、政治、经济、文化等各个方面的施政纲领,即是“仁政”。
3.注意墨家学派不为统治者所重视,因为它代表的是小生产者的利益。
4.兵家学派的孙膑著有兵书《孙膑兵法》,但孙膑并不主张穷兵黩武。
5.“罢黜百家,独尊儒术”并不意味着仅仅是儒家思想得到继承与发扬,因为在这一时期还吸取了法家、道家、阴阳家等各家思想。
6.不能说甲骨文是我国最早的文字,只能说是目前已知的最早的汉字。
7.对秦朝“书同文”而言,政治上的统一既是其原因,也是其结果。
8.中国“文人画”的突出特点不是画景而是写意。
9.中国古代小说的发展不只是长篇小说,也有唐代的传奇小说、宋代的话本小说,还有短篇小说。
10.明清时期我国科技继续发展,而西方文艺复兴后科技也在迅速发展,但二者并不等同,我国明清时期的科技属于传统科技,而西方的是近代科技。
11.中国古代的四大发明在我国古代并没有发挥太大的作用,不能说明其作用不大,只能说明任何重大科技发明创造,只有在它适应社会发展需要的时候,才发挥着改造社会的巨大作用。
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2023年成人高考语文高频考点(成考语文考点)
成人高考语文的考试内容有基础知识题、现代文阅读、文言文阅读、诗歌阅读、作文、文学常识、史哲学。以下是小编为大家收集的关于2023年成人高考语文高频考点的相关内容,供大家参考!
1.函授
函授教学主要采用有计划、有组织、有指导的自学方式,并采用集中组织的面对面教学系统。函授教学的主要环节包括:辅导与答疑、作业、实验、实践、考试、课程设计、毕业设计和答辩。
2.业余
这与函授教学的要求和目标是一致的。业余学生一般在高校驻地招收,上课时间安排在晚上或周末。
3.脱产
脱产学习是指在校园内的全日制学习,其管理模式与普通高校相同。对于学生来说,有正常而相对固定的教室和管理要求,有稳定的寒暑假安排。
成人高考考试难吗
成人高考试题难度不大。成考专升本考试中有3门考试科目,其中政治还有英语都是统考的科目,简单的题目占总分数的40%,中等难度的占50%,最后难度比较大的题目只占10%,所以,就算舍弃那些难度比较大的题目,集中精力去攻克那些比较简单的题目,基本上是没有问题的。
成考录取分数线不高。成人高考有录取照顾政策。国家为了鼓励大家进入社会后继续学习和提升自己的学历,对成考录取有照顾政策。
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转眼间初中的学习生活即将结束,同学们准备好应战中考了吗?,下面是读文网小编为大家带来的关于中考英语单项选择宾语从句试题汇编,希望会给大家带来帮助。
【黄冈】—So, can you tell me ______ here today?
—Well, I was walking down Centre Street when a UFO landed.
A. what did you see B. what you saw
C. when did you see it D. when you saw
【答案】B
【连云港】—Jack, could you tell me for travelling this summer?
—We plan to go and see the beautiful sea in Hainan.
A. where your family will go B. how will your family go
C. how your family will go D. where will your family go
【答案】A
【年临沂】—Dad, can you tell me ______ to the amusement park?
—The day after tomorrow.
A. when we are going B. when we went
C. when are we going D. when did we go
【答案】A
【长沙】—Excuse me, could you please tell me ______?
—Sure. It’s about ten minutes’ walk.
A. how long it takes to go to the zoo B. how far it is from here to the zoo
C. how far is it from here to the zoo
【答案】B
【河北】I have some tickets for the basketball match. I wonder ______.
A. where you buy the tickets B. why you like to go there
C. if you’d like to come along D. when you watch the match
【答案】C
【河北】The teacher is already standing here. Do you know when she ______?
A. comes B. came C. is coming D. was coming
【答案】B
【达州】—We have no idea _______.
—It’s heard that he is Mr. Green’s son.
A. where he comes from B. if does he live here
C. who he is D. who is he
【答案】C
【河南】—Excuse me, can you tell me _______?
—Sorry, I don’t know. You can go to the information desk.
A. that there is a train B. when the train leaves
C. which train can I take D. where does the train go
【答案】B
【解析】 考查宾语从句的用法。本题句意为:打扰一下,你能告诉我……?真抱歉,我不知道。你可以去服务台。本句是宾语从句,从句中应用陈述句语序,所以选项C、D错误;根据答语“Sorry, I don’t know.”可知,宾语从句中应是一 般疑问句句式。故选B项。
【20 14陕西】—Mum, summer holiday is coming. I wonder .
—How about Qinling Wild Zoo?
A. where can we go B. where we can go
C. how we can go D. how we can go
【答案】B
【黔西南州】—Could you tell me _________?
—You can take the No. 1 bus.
A. how can we g et to Xingyi Airport
B. how we can get to Xingyi Airport
C. how do we get to Xingyi Airport
D. how we got to Xingyi Airport
【答案】B
【北京】—Do you know ______ the mee ting?
—Tomorrow morning.
A. when they had B. when they are going to have
C. when did they have D . when are they going to have
【答案】B
【南京】—David, could you tell me ______?
—Every four years.
A. when the World Cup will finish
B. how often the World Cup takes place
C. how many teams take part in the World Cup
D. who may score the most goals in the World Cup
【答案】B
【鄂州】—Can you tell me ______?
—In three days.
A. when will they go to the Science Museum
B. how long they have been in New York
C. how soon they will go to see the children left at home
D. what time will they attend the meeting
【答案】C
【扬州】—Could you tell me _______?
—In August, .
A. where will the Youth Olympic Games take place
B. when will the Youth Olympic Games take place
C. where the Youth Olympic Games will take place
D. when the Youth Olympic Games will take place
【答案】D
【昆明】—Excuse me, could you please tell me ________?
—Yes, there is a histor y museum.
A. how often do you go to the history museum
B. are there any good museums in Kunming
C. how long it takes to get to the history museum
D. if there are any good museums in Kunming
【答案】D
【重庆市A】—Do you know _________?
—This afternoon.
A. when will the policeman give us a talk
B. where will the policeman give us a talk
C. when the policeman will give us a talk
D. where the policeman will give us a talk
【答案】C
【安徽】—It’s so late. Why not write the report tomorrow?
—But I don’t know ______ I can do it if not now.
A. why B. when C. how D. where
【答案】B
【重庆市B】—Could you please tell me ______?
—Two months ago.
A. when did you take this photo B. when you took this photo
C. where did you take this photo D. where you took this photo
【答案】B
【东营】—Excuse me, could you tell me ______?
—Go along this street until you see some buildings with golden roofs.
A. how I can go to Tianning Temple (天宁寺)
B. how often you go to Tianning Temple
C. how soon you will go to Tianning Temple
D. how many times you have been to Tianning Temple
【答案】A
【苏州】—I don’t understand _______.
—I’m sorry. But I was doing my homework.
A. why you didn’t watch the football match
B. why didn’t you watch the football match
C. why you don’t watch the football match
D. why don’t you watch the football match
【答案】A
【天津】—Could you tell me _____ yuanxiao in china?
—Usually at Lantern Festival.
A. when do people eat B. how do people eat
C. when people eat D. how people ear
【答案】C
【广州】I don’t understand ______ such a silly question in class yesterday.
A. why did John ask B. why John asked
C. why is John asking D. why John asks
【答案】B
【杭州】It’s hard to believe____ the way out of the forest without the help of the local guide.
A. what they were able to find B. what were t hey able to find
C. how they were able to find D. how were they able to find
【答案】C
【宜宾】Her mother didn’t tell her _______ then.
A. where is the MH370 flight B. where the MH370 flight is
C. where was the MH370 flight D. where the MH370 flight was
【答案】D
【呼和浩特】She got a nice skirt as a present on her birthday. Do you know _______?
A. what was it made of B. how much did it cost
C. who buys it for her D. where she bought it
【答案】C
【呼和浩特】I hear they are going to London, but I don’t know _______ they will stay there.
A. how soon B. how often C. how long D. how fast
【答案】A
【济宁】—Could you tell me ______?
—At 9:20 tomorrow morning.
A. what time you arrived B. who you are coming with
C. when will you be here D. what time you are arriving
【答案】D
【甘肃白银】Do you know where ______? I have something to tell you.
A. the head teacher’s office is B. is the head teacher’s office
C. the head teacher’s office was D. was the head teacher’s office
【答案】A
【宁波】—I’d like to visit Kate tomorrow. Do you know _______?
—Sorry, I don’t know her address, either.
A. why she lives there B. who she lives with
C. where she lives D. how she lives
【答案】C
【威海】You didn’t know ______ I wanted to see you. It’s a year since I last saw you.
A. how often B. how long C. how much D. how far
【答案】C
【温州】—Mr. Green, do you know _______?
—July 10. It will last a month.
A. when our summer begins B. when does our summer begin
C. where our summer begins D. where does our summer begin
【答案】A
【绍兴】—I can’t decide _______ on vacation. Any advice?
—What about Hainan? It’s warm in winter.
A. when I will go B. where will I go C. when will I go D. where I will go
【答案】D
【台州】—That’s a nice toy. Could you tell me _______?
—I made it with my uncle’s help.
A. how did you like it B. how you made it
C. who did you make it for D. who you made it for
【答案】B
【泰 安】—Do you know _______ the Capital Museum?
—Next Friday.
A. when will they visit B. when they will visit
C. when did they visit D. when they visited
【答案】B
【威海】Alice, do you know _______ tomorrow?
A. what will we do B. when we will start
C. where they went D. how will they go there
【答案】B
【滨州】Excuse me, can you tell me _______?
A. when does the plane leave B. how long the plane has left
C. when the plane leaves D. when did the plane leave
【答案】C
【德州】—Could you tell me _______? Daming will pick you up at the train station.
—At 16:00 this Sunday.
A. where you met him B. who you are coming with
C. why you came here D. what time you are arriving
【答案】D
【潍坊】There are so many foggy days these days. We all want to know _______.
A. how can we do to prevent it B. how we can do to prevent it
C. what we can do to prevent it D. what can we do to prevent it
【答案】C
【铜仁】Do you know ______ an “o” and ______ “u” in the word “computer”?
A. there is; an B. is there; an C. there is; a D. is there; a
【答案】C
看过中考英语单项选择动词的时态试题汇编的还看了:
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英语的学习重在积累,所谓厚积而薄发,才能显示真正的实力与内涵。下面是读文网小编为大家带来的关于中考英语单项选择状语从句试题汇编,希望会给大家带来帮助。
乌鲁木齐】29. Don't _ too late. or you will feel tired in class.
A. wake up B. get up C. stay up D. stand up
【答案】C
【解析】动词短语辨析wake up “叫醒,唤醒”; get up“起床”; stay up“熬夜”; stand up“站起来”。句意为“不要熬夜太晚,否则上课你会感到累”。
40. 【•广西柳州】 Speak louder, please. I can’t ________ you.
A. see B. hear C. write
答案B
【解析】考查动词的用法。根据句意:请大声说。我不能听见你。其他两项翻译汉语不通顺,故选B。
49. 【•广西柳州】 A. put on B. turn off C. get to
答案C
【解析】考查动词词组的用法。王先生将在两天后到达英国。arrive in =get to.故选C。
【连云港】3.—What’s your plan for this weekend?
—I’m going to ______ it with my grandparents.
A. cost B. spend C. give D. pay
答案:B
【解析】考查动词的辨析。cost值多少钱,物作主语;spend花费,度过,人作主语;give给某人某物;pay付款,人作主语。排除A。句意:跟我爷爷奶奶度过周末。故选B。
【雅安】7. Mrs. Green is ________ her purse, but she can’t __________ it.
A. looking for; find B. looking at; find
C. seeing; looking for D. finding; look for
答案:B
【解析】考查近义动词的辨析。句意为:“格林先生正在找钱包,但是他不能找到。”look for“寻找”,强调动作。find“找到”,强调结果。故选B。
【沈阳】4. You should take off your shoes before you ___ the new flat.
A. leave B. find C. choose D. enter
答案:D
【解析】词语辨析。leave“离开,留下”;find“找到,发现”;choose“选择”;enter“进入”,根据句意“在你进入新公寓之前,你要脱掉你的鞋子”,故答案为D。
【梧州】42. We shouldn’t ____ our hopes. Everything will be better.
A. put up B. cheer up C. fix up D. give up
【答案】D
【解析】动词短语辨析 “我们不能放弃希望” put up举起来,张贴,悬挂; cheer up 使„„振奋;fix up 修理;give up放弃
【福建莆田】( ) 29. —What a nice coat! I’ ll take it.
—But you'd better _________ first. I’ m afraid it may be small for you.
A. try it on B. pay for it C. put it on
答案A
【解析】词义辨析。根据句意“多么漂亮的上衣啊!我买了”“但您最好试一试,它可能有点小”。故选择A。
【黑龙江绥化市】()21. It's very hot here. Why not your coat?
A. put on B. put off C. take off
答案:C
【解析】词义辨析。Put on是“穿上”的意思;put off是“推迟”的意思;take off是“脱掉”的意思。根据情境:天气热,要脱掉上衣。
【江苏徐州】4. I was so tired this morning that I couldn’t _______ early as usual.
A. get up B. get on C. get off D. give up
答案A
【解析】考查词语辨析。Get up“起床”;get on上(车、船等);get off下(车、船等);give up“放弃”。由前半部分句意“今天早晨我太疲劳了”可知起床不可能早。故选A。
【内蒙古包头】( ) 30.If we try our best, our dream will ________ one day.
A. work out B. come true C. put up D. show off
30. 答案:B
【解析】本题考查短词组辨析。A项意为“解决;算出”;B项意为“实现;达到”;C项意为“举起;推举”;D项意为“炫耀;卖弄”。句意为“如果我们尽我们最大努力工作,我们梦想有一天会实现的”。根据句意可知,正确答案是B。
【哈尔滨】24. Li Na has won the championship in France Tennis Open. All the Asians her challenging sprint and excellent English.
A. are proud of B. take care of C. get along with
答案:A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析 李娜获得冠军,全亚洲人为此感到骄傲,用are proud of.
【呼和浩特】9. ----Three problems are too hard to . Will you give me some advice?
----There are many ways. The mostt important is to have a careful plan.
A. work out B. look out C. hand out D. break out
【答案】A
【解析】动词短语辨析work out算出,制定出;look out 当心,小心挑选出; hand out 分发,施舍;break out(战争、火灾等)爆发,(疾病的)突然发生
【呼和浩特】14. ---- Do you take exercise every day?
----Yes. I always thirty minutes after supper.
A. spend B. cost C. take D. pay
【答案】A
【解析】动词辨析 spend 人做主语,spend+钱或时间+on something/in doing sth; cost物作主语,花钱; take一般用it takes sb. 一段时间 for sb. to do sth; pay 人做主语,一般用pay for 表示付钱。
【•四川广元】8. —How was your weekend, Jeff?
—I had great ___ watching a football game.
A. interest B. time C. Fun
答案:C
【解析】固定搭配。have great fun doing sth意为“做某事很高兴”,根据句意选C。
【•四川广元】9.Don’t bring food to the party. If you ___,I ‘ll take it away.
A. are B. do C. will
答案:B
【解析】助动词的用法。由题干可知,这是一个if引导的条件状语从句,从句要用一般现在时,依据句意do代替bring food to the party,故选B。
【•四川南充】23. Don't_______ the TV. My baby is sleeping now.
A. turn on B. turn off C. turn down
答案:A
【解析】考查短语动词辨析。Turn on打开;turn off关掉;turn down 调低。 句意:不要打开电视,我的宝宝正在睡觉。故选A。
【•四川南充】29. When I was young, my father used to________ me some interesting stories.
A. say B. tell C. talk
答案:B
【解析】考查动词用法辨析。tell stories讲故事。
【湖北十堰】32. ---All the oil in the world will have __________ some day.
---Yeah. What shall we use for power at that time?
A. given away B. put away C. run out D. set out
答案:C
【解析】词义辨析。give away泄露;put away收起;run out被用尽;set out起程。根据句意:将来的某些时候,世界上所有的石油都被用尽。那时我们用什么作能源?得出答案C。
【湖北十堰】28. ---I think you can ________ money by yourself to buy a birthday present for your mother.
---OK. I’ll try. I’ll not let a penny waste.
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在化学学习中,熟记课本知识点很重要,但抓住必考点才是考试前必需重点。下面是读文网小编为您带来的高考化学必考点,希望对大家有所帮助。
1、 掌握一图(原子结构示意图)、五式(分子式、结构式、结构简式、电子式、最简式)、六方程(化学方程式、电离方程式、水解方程式、离子方程式、电极方程式、热化学方程式)的正确书写。
2、最简式相同的有机物:① CH:C2H2和C6H6② CH2:烯烃和环烷烃 ③CH2O:甲醛、乙酸、甲酸甲酯 ④ CnH2nO:饱和一元醛(或饱和一元酮)与二倍于其碳原子数和饱和一元羧酸或酯;举一例:乙醛(C2H4O)与丁酸及其异构体(C4H8O2)
3、 一般原子的原子核是由质子和中子构成,但氕原子(1H)中无中子。
4、 元素周期表中的每个周期不一定从金属元素开始,如第一周期是从氢元素开始。
5、ⅢB所含的元素种类最多。 碳元素形成的化合物种类最多,且ⅣA族中元素组成的晶体常常属于原子晶体,如金刚石、晶体硅、二氧化硅、碳化硅等。
6、 质量数相同的原子,不一定属于同种元素的原子,如18O与18F、40K与40Ca
7. ⅣA~ⅦA族中只有ⅦA族元素没有同素异形体,且其单质不能与氧气直接化合。
8、 活泼金属与活泼非金属一般形成离子化合物,但AlCl3却是共价化合物(熔沸点很低,易升华,为双聚分子,所有原子都达到了最外层为8个电子的稳定结构)。
9、 一般元素性质越活泼,其单质的性质也活泼,但N和P相反,因为N2形成叁键。
10、非金属元素之间一般形成共价化合物,但NH4Cl、NH4NO3等铵盐却是离子化合物。
11、离子化合物在一般条件下不存在单个分子,但在气态时却是以单个分子存在。 如NaCl。
12、含有非极性键的化合物不一定都是共价化合物,如Na2O2、FeS2、CaC2等是离子化合物。
13、单质分子不一定是非极性分子,如O3是极性分子。
14、一般氢化物中氢为+1价,但在金属氢化物中氢为-1价,如NaH、CaH2等。
15、非金属单质一般不导电,但石墨可以导电,硅是半导体。
16、非金属氧化物一般为酸性氧化物,但CO、NO等不是酸性氧化物,而属于不成盐氧化物。
17、酸性氧化物不一定与水反应:如SiO2。
18、金属氧化物一般为碱性氧化物,但一些高价金属的氧化物反而是酸性氧化物,如:Mn2O7、CrO3等反而属于酸性氧物,2KOH + Mn2O7 == 2KMnO4 + H2O。
19、非金属元素的最高正价和它的负价绝对值之和等于8,但氟无正价,氧在OF2中为+2价。
20、含有阳离子的晶体不一定都含有阴离子,如金属晶体中有金属阳离子而无阴离子。
21、离子晶体不一定只含有离子键,如NaOH、Na2O2、NH4Cl、CH3COONa等中还含有共价键。
22.稀有气体原子的电子层结构一定是稳定结构, 其余原子的电子层结构一定不是稳定结构。
23.离子的电子层结构一定是稳定结构。
24.阳离子的半径一定小于对应原子的半径,阴离子的半径一定大于对应原子的半径。
25.一种原子形成的高价阳离子的半径一定小于它的低价阳离子的半径。如Fe3+ < Fe2+ 。
26.同种原子间的共价键一定是非极性键,不同原子间的共价键一定是极性键。
27. 分子内一定不含有离子键。题目中有“分子”一词,该物质必为分子晶体。
28 单质分子中一定不含有极性键。
29 共价化合物中一定不含有离子键。
30 含有离子键的化合物一定是离子化合物,形成的晶体一定是离子晶体。
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