为您找到与高考英语完形填空常考短语相关的共200个结果:
在学习英语的过程中,你找到适合自己的学习方法了吗?下面是读文网小编收集整理的高考英语完形填空训练《美国人与轿车》的题目及其参考答案以供大家学习。
Nasreddin was a poor man, so he tried to grow __1__ he could in his own garden, so that he would not have to buy so many in the market.
One evening he heard a noise in his garden and looked out of the window. A white ox had got into the garden and __2__ his vegetables. Nasreddin at once took his stick, ran out and chased the ox, but he was too old to catch it. When he got back to his garden, he found that the ox had ruined most of his precious vegetables.
__3__, while he __4__ in the street near his house, he saw a cart with two white oxen which looked very much like the one that __5__ his vegetables. He was carrying his stick with him, __6__ he at once began to beat the two oxen with it. As neither of them looked more like the ox that had eaten his vegetables than the other, he beat both of them equally hard.
The owner of the ox and cart was drinking coffee in a __7__ coffee-house. When he saw __8__ Nasreddin was doing __9__ his animals, he ran out and shouted, “What are you doing? What have those poor animals done to you for you to beat them like that?”
“You keep out this!” Nasreddin shouted back, “This is a matter between me and one of these two oxen. He knows very well __10__ I am beating him!”
1. A. so many vegetables B. many vegetables
C. as many as vegetables D. as many vegetables as
2. A. was eating B. ate C. had eaten D. has eaten
3. A. Next day B. Next morning
C. Last morning D. The next morning
4. A. walks B. waked C. was walking D. walking
5. A. ruined B. had eaten C. ate D. had ruin
6. A. so B. and C. but D. or
7. A. beside B. nearby C. near D. near by
8. A. that B. which C. why D. what
9. A. for B. to C. with D. on
10.A. reason B. when C. why D. because
这是一个笑话,贫农Nasreddin在街上碰到两头牛,搞不清是哪一头毁坏了他家的菜园,于是用棒子将两头牛一起抽打,牛主人制止时,他却强词夺理,无理取闹。
答案简析
1.D。习惯用语as many as possible 意为“尽可能多的”合乎文意,为正确选项。
2.A。过去进行时强调过去正在进行的动作,根据文意Nasreddin看到牛正在吃蔬菜,故选 was eating 。
3.D。指过去某一天的第一天或第二天早上、晚上,应用the next day/morning/evening。 故应选The next morning 。
4.C。在从句动作进行的过程中,主句动作发生了,这时从句常用进行时态,故选择was walking 。
5.B。牛吃蔬菜是贫农上街之前的事,文章本身讲的是过去的故事,指过去的过去应用过去完成时,故选had eaten。
6.A。从句子意思看,空白处前后构成因果关系,故选择so。
7.B。形容词nearby一般作定语,表示“不远的,附近的”,合乎文意,为正确选项。
8.D。这里需要一个引导词,引导saw的宾语从句,同时在句子里作do的宾语,故选 what。
9.B。do sth. to sb.结构中to后面常接动作的对象。
10.C。牛主人问及Nasreddin打牛的原因,这里需要一个引导词引导 knew的宾语从句,且在从句中作状语,根据上文可知这里应填 why。
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掌握好英语短语,对我们学习是非常重要的。下面是读文网小编为大家收集整理的高考英语必备知识以供大家学习。
1.abide by(=be faithful to;obey)忠于;遵守。
2. be absent from… 缺席,不在
3. absence of mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉
4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态)be absorbed in 全神贯注于… 近义:be engrossed; be lost in; be rapt in;be concentrated on; be focused on; be centered on
5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有
6. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解
7. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外。 Without accident(=safely)安全地,
8. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地,主 动地
9. in accord with 与…一致. out of one’s accord with 同…不一致
10. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地
11. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据
12. on one’s own account 1) 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益 2) (=at one’s own risk) 自行负责 3) (=by oneself)依靠自己 on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no account不论什么原因也不;of …account 有……重要性。
13. take…into account(=consider)把…考虑进去
14. give sb. an account of 说明, 解释 (理由)
15. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明。
16. on account of (=because of) 由于,因为。
17. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句 子要倒装)
18. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控,控告
19. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于。
20. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially ) 熟悉
21. act on 奉行,按照…行动;act as 扮演;act for 代理
22. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于
23. adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改编,改写(以适应新的需要)
24. in addition (=besides) 此外,又,加之
25. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外
26. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, pe rsist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持,遵循
27. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的,临近的
28. adjust(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应;
29. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) …的可能,留有…的余地。
30. in advance (before in time) 预告,事先。
31. to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地。
32. have an advantage over 胜过。have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件 have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事
33. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用。
34. agree with 赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意
35. in agreement (with) 同意,一致
36. ahead of 在…之前, 超过…;…… ahead of time 提前。
37. in the air 1)不肯定,不具体。2)在谣传中。
38. above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是,最重要的。
39. in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 总共,总计
40. after all 毕竟,到底;(not)at all 一点也不; all at once(=suddenly)突然;once and for all 只此一次;above all 最重要的;first of all 首先;all in all 大体上说;be all in 累极了;all but 几乎。
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做好每一个常考知识点的复习,会让你在考试中大获全胜。下面是读文网小编为大家收集整理的高考英语常考知识点以供大家学习。
根据英语的搭配习惯,有些名词通常要可接for doing sth作定语,而不接to do sth。这类名词比较常用的有:
1. apology 道歉
用于apology for doing sth,意为“为做某事而道歉”。如:
I make no apology for repeating the question. 我多问一遍又没有错。
I must offer her an apology for not going to her party. 我必须为未参加她的晚会表示歉意。
I must offer my apology for not coming to your party. 我没来参加你的晚会,必须向你道歉。
2. aptitude 才能,天资
用于aptitude for doing sth,意为“做某事的才能(资质、天资)”。如:
He has a natural aptitude for teaching. 他有教书的天赋。
Edison had a great aptitude for inventing things. 爱迪生具有发明创造的卓越才能。
His aptitude for dealing with children got him the job. 他善于与儿童打交道的本事使他得到了这份工作。
有时用于反语。如:
He has an unfortunate aptitude for saying the wrong thing. 他有失言的倒霉本事。
3. excuse 借口
用于excuse for doing sth,表示“做某事的借口”。如:
The student fabricate an excuse for being late. 这名学生为迟到编了一个借口。
His excuse for being late was that he had missed the bus. 他迟到的理由是没有赶上公共汽车。
They invented an excuse for having to leave earlier than usual. 他们为提前离开编造了一个借口。
4. fashion 时尚,流行
用于fashion for doing sth,意为“做某事的时尚”“流行做某事”“时兴做某事”。如:
There is a fashion for painting your nails green. 现在时兴把指甲染成绿色。
There was a fashion for keeping reptiles as pets. 当时流行养爬行动物当宠物。
5. genius 天赋
用于genius for doing sth,意为“做某事的天赋(本领等)”。如:
He has a genius for acting. 他具有表演天才。
He had a genius for making people feel at home. 他有一种能使人轻松自在的本领。
I have a genius for learning languages; I can speak 10 languages fluently. 我有学语言的天赋,能流利地说10种语言。
有时用于反语。如:
He has a genius for getting into trouble. 他是个招惹麻烦的能手。
6. grounds 理由,根据
用于grounds for doing sth,意为“做某事的理由(根据)”。如:
You have no grounds for complaining. 你没有抱怨的理由。
The constable had reasonable grounds for arresting her. 警察有正当的理由逮捕她。
Their lawyer submits that there are no grounds for denying bail. 他们的律师声称没有理由拒绝给予保释。
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做好每一个练习题,是提高成绩的一条途径。下面是读文网小编收集整理的高考英语完形填空训练《国王的考验》的题目及其参考答案以供大家学习。
1.C。这里did和finished都表示完成了这项工作,而给篮子装满水是不可能的,国王应在两人开始打水后不久离开,所以应选began。
2.B。往篮子里盛满水是永远不可能的,故选择never。
3.A。两者中的另一个用the other加名词来表示。
4.C。the first man想离开,因为他觉得自己干的是无用功,故选择nothing意为“从事某项工作”。
5.D。pick up意为“捡起”,pick away意为“放好”,take away意为“取走”,而throw down意为“扔掉、丢弃”,比较贴近文意,为正确选项。
6.A。根据文意,另一个人一直在打水,故选water。
7.B。不停地打水必然会导致井空,故选empty。
8.B。while引导从句时,从句应用延续性动词,before和since不符合文意,as soon as…表示“一……就”为正确选项。
9.A。国王是因为这个诚实的人所做过的事情而表扬他,所以应用完成时态have done。
10.D。国王讲的最后一句话是含有 “so……that”结构的复合句,意为“如此……以致”故选that。
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在复习过程中,加强真题的练习是很有必要的。下面是读文网小编为大家收集整理的高考英语完形填空真题练习以供大家学习。
1—5CACDA 6—10CBBDD 11—15ACBDA 16—20BDCBD
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珍惜每一个时间,抓紧复习是很重要的。下面是读文网小编收集整理的高考英语完形填空训练《时间的重要性》的题目及其参考答案以供大家学习。
Food is very important. Everyone needs to __1__ well if he or she wants to have a strong body. Our minds also need a kind of food. This kind of food is __2__. We begin to get knowledge even __3__ we are very young. Small children are __4__ in everything around them. They learn __5__ while they are watching and listening. When they are getting older, they begin to __6__ story books, science books…, anything they like. When they find something new, they love to ask questions and __7__ to find out answers. What is the best __8__ to get knowledge? If we learn by ourselves, we will get __9__ knowledge. If we are __10__ getting answers from others and do not ask why, we will never learn well. When we study in the right way, we will learn more and understand better.
1. A. sleep B. read C. drink D. eat
2. A. sport B. exercise C. knowledge D. meat
3. A. until B. when C. after D. so
4. A. interested B. interesting C. weak D. better
5. A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything
6. A. lend B. read C. learn D. write
7. A. try B. have C. refuse D. wait
8. A. place B. school C. way D. road
9. A. little B. few C. many D. the most
10. A. often B. always C. usually D. something
本文说明了知识的重要性,介绍了一个人学习知识的过程以及获取知识的最佳途径,是一篇可读性较强的文章。
答案简析
1.D。本句承接上文,进一步强调食物的重要性,要有强壮的体魄得吃得好,故选eat。
2.C。根据下文,大脑所需要的食物应为knowledge。
3.B。按常理一个人在小的时候就开始学习了,所以应用when引导这里的时间状语从句。
4.A。小孩对知识的接受主要依靠于他们对事物产生的兴趣,词组be interested in sth 表示“对……感兴趣”,而interesting用来形容令人感兴趣的事物,故选择interested。
5.B。孩子们在耳听眼观的过程中经常会学到一些东西。everything过于绝对化 ,nothing、anything 不合文意,应选 something。
6.B。随着年龄的增长,孩子们开始read各类书籍而不是write,learn在这里搭配不当。
7.A。孩子们在学习过程中发现问题时,由于求知的欲望,应尽力去解决问题,故选择try。
8.C。本段主要就学习方法展开讨论,该句应为总括句,空白处当然应填入ways。
9.D。与后面的方法比起来,作者认为独立自主的学习为最佳方法,最佳方法当然应使人获得最多的知识,故选择the most。
10.B。be always doing sth 意为“总是干某事”。
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练习题能够让我们更好的掌握和巩固已学的知识。下面是读文网小编为大家收集整理的高考英语完形填空练习题以供大家学习。
1—5BCADB 6—10ACDBB 11—15ACDBA 16—20CDBCA
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语法是英语高考必考的考点,掌握好语法知识很关键。现在小编为大家梳理高考英语语法常考的八大状语从句,希望对大家有帮助。
尤其要注意“it+be+一段时间+before…”这一句型。如:
1. The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time ______ we meet them again. (安徽卷)
A. after B. before C. since D. when
2. He was told that it would be at least three more months ______ he could recover and return to work. (江西卷)
A. when B. before C. since D. that
【解析】两道题均before。第1题涉及的句式为:It will be a long time before…,意思是“要过很久才会……”;第2题涉及的句式为:it was some time before…,意思是“在……之前过了一段时间”,通常可转译为“要过一段时间才会……”。
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2015年高考英语完形填空的解题技巧
1. 依据上下文确定答案的法则:从近几年的完形填空题看,近义词或近义短语的测试力度逐渐加强,并成为测试热点。四个选项不是词义相近,要不就是近义动词的同一种时态的现象,或名词的单复数搭配。若选项词义差异很大,必然文章中藏有提示语,正因如此,往往第一个选项有时需要读完全篇短文才能准确回答。
2. 词语语义与强于语法原则:完型填空题的首句不留空,目的就是告知短文的故事的四要素:地点、时间、人物和事由。再则,单纯语法题已基本退出该题型的测试范畴,所以,指导学生时,首先要告知他们这类现象。尽管四个选项的词语都符合语法规则,然而该题的解答必须遵循先全面理解篇章语义,再结合正确语言结构对每个空格作出准确无误的抉择。
3. 解题四步法原则:
第一步:跳读。带着空格通读全文,了解短文大意,判别短文文体,同时能将会做的题及时解决掉。
第二步:选答。这一步最为关键,要求考生对每一道题进行认真推敲,但是要告诫他们万万不可按照题的顺序答题,对那些不能拿不准的题先跳过去,遵循先易后难的解题原则。
第三步:推敲。这实际上就是要求考生对完形填空短文的篇章作通盘考虑,把其中一些需要依据上下文语境来考虑的比较难解答的题,以及句子之间和段落之间的逻辑关联较强的认真推敲,甄别,筛选和抉择。
第四步:复查。这是解答这类题的最后一步,要求考生解完题之后务必再把文章通读一遍,从整体上准确把握文章的真正意思,及时修改与全文有出入的一些选项。
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2015年高考英语完形填空的解题技巧
1. 依据上下文确定答案的法则:
从近几年的完形填空题看,近义词或近义短语的测试力度逐渐加强,并成为测试热点。四个选项不是词义相近,要不就是近义动词的同一种时态的现象,或名词的单复数搭配。若选项词义差异很大,必然文章中藏有提示语,正因如此,往往第一个选项有时需要读完全篇短文才能准确回答。
2. 词语语义与强于语法原则:
完型填空题的首句不留空,目的就是告知短文的故事的四要素:地点、时间、人物和事由。再则,单纯语法题已基本退出该题型的测试范畴,所以,指导学生时,首先要告知他们这类现象。尽管四个选项的词语都符合语法规则,然而该题的解答必须遵循先全面理解篇章语义,再结合正确语言结构对每个空格作出准确无误的抉择。
3. 解题四步法原则:
第一步:跳读。带着空格通读全文,了解短文大意,判别短文文体,同时能将会做的题及时解决掉。
第二步:选答。这一步最为关键,要求考生对每一道题进行认真推敲,但是要告诫他们万万不可按照题的顺序答题,对那些不能拿不准的题先跳过去,遵循先易后难的解题原则。
第三步:推敲。这实际上就是要求考生对完形填空短文的篇章作通盘考虑,把其中一些需要依据上下文语境来考虑的比较难解答的题,以及句子之间和段落之间的逻辑关联较强的认真推敲,甄别,筛选和抉择。
第四步:复查。这是解答这类题的最后一步,要求考生解完题之后务必再把文章通读一遍,从整体上准确把握文章的真正意思,及时修改与全文有出入的一些选项。
应试技巧一:语境信息解题法: 近几年的完形填空题淡化了语法结构性的题,选项重在语意干扰,也就是说,对具体的语言知识应该融入具体的语境中去考虑,考生应具有通过上下文提示、暗示或铺垫,对篇章进行整体上的把握的能力。所以,快速浏览全文,迅速领悟篇章主旨,通过上下文语境选择答案选项乃解决完形填空的关键。
4) Our __47__ challenge was to keep the rock mixture __48__ enough.
47. A. next B. first C. past D. previous
48. A. cold B. wet C. loose D. clean
【题解:47. 答案为A项。短文前面提到第一个挑战是发电的问题,那么接下来的挑战就是如何保持温度的问题。48. 答案为B项。从下文提到的洒水车等事情,我们可以判断出这儿应该是“保持湿度”的语意。】
5) … Still others faced the storm bravely, walking miles to get to work.
I __40__ to be one of people on the way to work that morning. I went from subway line to subway line only to find that most __41__ had stopped. After making my way through crowds of people, I finally found a subway line that was __43__....
40. A. used B. promised C. deserved D. happened
41. A. practice B. routine C. process D. service
…
43. A. operating B. cycling C. turning D. rushing
【40. D项。从前面一句话和本句中one of people可知,作者当天上午碰巧也是去上班的人之一;41. D项。从上下文可知,由于风暴大部分地铁线路停运,所以唯有service符合题意;43. A项。从上下文的语境中我们可知道作者最后找到有一条地铁线还在营业,operating本身含有“营业的”意思,相当于be on service。】
6) After the birth of my second child, I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with an experienced __36__ for a few days, I was __37__ to wait tables on my own. All went __38__ that first week
36. A. manager B. assistant C. cook D. waitress
37. A. promised B. invited C. allowed D. advised
38. A. well B. quickly C. safely D. wrong
【36. D项。根据下文“I was allowed to wait tables on my own”可以判断,作者是和有经验的女侍者一起工作了几天;37. C项。从上下文可知,几天后作者被允许单独做餐饮招待服务了;38. A项。有下文可以判断出,她的第一周工作非常顺手,没出意外。】
应试技巧二:语法结构法: 高考完形填空题基本都是在语境中考查考生对语法知识的掌握程度,单纯考查这类题很少。而在完形填空题中考察语法项目的主要是动词的各种时态、语态和语气、谓语和非谓语形式等。所以这类题需要考生有较为扎实的语法基础知识,能够从句式的结构上辨别出须填相关的关联词、连词、副词、形容词或相应的动词,当然还要考虑到主谓一致的关系等语法知识要点。不过,切记解答这类题,必须是任何空格的语法正确的前提下,再考虑其他方面因素。
7) When it was 5:00pm, I was ready to go home. I was about to turn off my computer __49__ I received an email from Garth, my Director.
A. while B. when C. where D. after
【49. B项,这儿when的意思是just at the moment, 与前面的when意思不一样,A项的while无此意,D项的after不符合行为交互逻辑,C项完全是错误的。】
8) “I have been a soloist for over ten years. __53__ the doctor thought I was totally deaf, it didn’t __54__ that my passion couldn’t be realized.
53. A. However B. Although C. When D. Since
54. A. mean B. seem C. conclude D. say
【53. B项,由第二段的内容以及本句的句意“尽管医生认为我已经全聋了,但是这并不意味着我的热情会消失。”,故此处应为让步状语从句;54. A项,由句意可知。】
应试技巧三:复现解题法:这类题多为同义词、近义词和反义词的复现或同义词、近义词和反义词异形复现的形式。这种测试手法主要是考查考生的整体篇章意识和上下文推断能力。
9)In particular, there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in fairies. Not all of these __21__ are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some folk-tales they are __22__ and cause much human suffering.
21. A. babies B. believes C. fairies D. supermen
22. A. powerful B. cruel C. frightened D. extraordinary
【21. C项,同义原词的复现;22. B项,异形近义词的复现】
10)On August 26, 1999, New York City was struck by a terrible rainstorm. The rain caused the streets to __36__ and the subway system almost came to a stop.
36. A. break B. flood C. sink D. crash
【36. B项,异形近义词的复现】
11)Garth’s email was short, but I learned more from that __52__ message than I ever did from a textbook.
A. accurate B. urgent C. brief D. humorous
【52. C项,异形同义词的复现】
应试技巧四:固定搭配解题法:这类题与语法结构题有点类似,但主要惯用搭配,讲究词与词的搭配,涉及到关联词、动词、副词、形容词、名词和短语等。
12) Telling him that he no longer needed to enjoy them but I still needed to write them, I __28__ until the day he graduated.
28. A. held up B. gave up C. followed D. continued
【28. D项。由句意可知,“尽管儿子不愿意再收到我的字条,但是我依然坚持写到他毕业为止。”这道题实际上是一道固定搭配题,其结构为not…until,但句中没有否定副词not,再则,若A、B两项短语用于这一结构中须与not连用,故不合题意;C项的followed应为及物动词,后面需加宾语方可,再则followed在此有歧义,也不合题意,由于continue是延续性动词,所以,无需否定副词,在这一固定搭配中只有瞬间动词才与not连用。】
13) He had spent those years well, graduating from college, __30__ two internships(实习) in Washington, D.C, and finally, becoming a technical assistant in Sacramento.
30. A. organizing B. planning C. comparing D. completing
【30. D项。大学毕业之后,又实习了两个学期,最后在萨克拉门托做一名技术助理。这儿指完成实习,故惟有completing符合题意。】
应试技巧五:逻辑语气解题法:这类题主要是通过分了解全文的人物、时间、地点等信息之后,再分析句子与句子之间的关系,段落与段落之间的关系来解题。这种逻辑语气主要包含并列、递进、因果、转折和委婉语气等等。这类题的选项多为连词、副词或具有连词意义的各类短语。
14) All went well that first week. When Saturday night came, I was luckily given the tables not far from the kitchen. __40__, I still felt it a little hard to carry the heavy trays.
40. A.Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Finally
【40. B项。从整篇文章来看,在这儿只是一个转折语气,表示在前一个星期的顺利,在这一天却遇到了一些麻烦。Therefore是递进语气,finally也属递进语气,但表示是最后一步的语气,多指结论性的行为,不符合题意;otherwise虽属转折语气,但多为推断或假设否定语气,而本文所叙述的是真实事例的呈现,所以,惟有however符合题意。】
15) He had spent those years well, graduating from college, completing two internships(实习) in Washington, D.C, and __31__, becoming a technical assistant in Sacramento.
31. A. hopefully B. finally C. particularly D. certainly
【31. B项。有上文及全句的意思可知,在这儿是作者六年求学和工作的最后一个环节,表示毕业之后找到了一份工作,从预期上讲,应该是结论性的,所以,惟有finally符合题意。】
在进行有关逻辑语气题时,必须要符合原文的意思,要瞻前顾后,审慎分析,细心推断,密切注意相关连词的连用,注意语气的变化,应从细节着手。
应试技巧六:利用文化背景和生活常识解题法:高考完型填空题的命题形式均为独立的语篇形式,并交织和渗透着各类相关的常识与文化背景知识。这类题主要是考查考生应该把握的英美国家的文化背景知识和生活常识,但是一旦将这些知识放到具体的场合中进行考查时,有些考生可能就不会灵活地加以运用他们所学过的知识。因此在解题时,考生所学的语言知识和其他有关英美国家的文化背景知识在考试中都会发挥重要作用,唯有在无法准确把握语言知识时,可充分利用所学的社会知识和科普知识进行语境判断。
16) Yesterday the sales office rang us to say the car was __23__.
A. right B. ready C. fixed D. sold
【23. 答案为B项。依据生活常识,买车前一般要提前预订,因此这里的意思是销售部打来电话通知作者,他们的车已经到了,让他们前去提车。】
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高考英语完形填空题被大多数考生认为是比较难的题型。很多同学在做完形填空时没有先读懂文章,或者理解不深刻之前就开始填空,甚至没读完一遍就直接填空。这是出错的主要原因。要保证有较高的正确率,考生就必须深刻地理解短文。在剩下50多天的高考冲刺阶段,建议大家用“练、核、填、读”这“四字诀”来进行高考完形填空的备考。
练
这里所说的“练”指的是“做题”。做完形填空题一定要使用正确的方法。
完形填空做题的基本原则是“先读懂文章,再完成空格”,即所谓的“先完其意而后完其形”。对文章整体的理解是做好完形填空的前提和基础。对一篇文章理解得越透彻,完形填空就会做得越好。如果对文章的意思理解不到位或有偏差。做完形填空可能就成了“猜谜语”。很多学生每次做完形填空时就是靠“猜”的,这样做题做得再多也没什么效果。
做什么样的完形填空题效果较好呢?要想效果好,建议大家用高考真题中的完形填空进行训练,因为高考完形填空的选材、命题等方面都是比较合理的。多做高考真题能够很好地把握高考的命题特点和趋势,能够最有效地应付完形填空这类试题。每周做2~3篇高考完形填空真题,坚持做几十篇后。效果就出来了。
第一步:跳过空格,通读全文,把握大意。第一遍读文章时不要做题,而是跳过空格,通读试题所给的要填空的短文,获得整体印象,做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨,较好地把握短文大意。平时自己做题时,如果读一遍读不懂,那就读两遍,读两遍还是读不懂,那就再读一遍。一定要记住“读不懂文章不要做题”,因为没有理解文章做了也是白做,既浪费时间又浪费精力,还自欺欺人,危害不小。总之,一定要在理解短文意思的基础上才能开始做题。
另外,读第一遍时要注意先读懂文章的首句和末句,因为这两句往往是没有被挖空的句子。它们往往是全文的关键句,是文章的“窗口”和“指南”,可作为解题的突破口。通过读文章的首句一般可判断文章的体裁、人物、时间、事件和事态等。文章的最后一句或最后一段,往往是故事发展的结果,所陈述的事件的结论、启示性的提示,或是对全篇文章的概括。因此,先读一读末句对理解文章是很有帮助的。
第二步:结合选项,综合考虑,初选答案。在理解全文意思的基础上,结合所给备选项再次细读全文。联系上、下文内容。注意从上、下文的语法结构和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示。以词、句的意义为先,再从分析句子结构人手,根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑,对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选,排除干扰项,初步选定答案。有把握的先做,没有把握的“跳过”。
第三步:先易后难,瞻前顾后,各个击破。对比较明显、自己最有把握的答案先做,一下子不能确定答案的,先跳过这一空格,继续往下做,最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文,随着对短文理解的深入,自然就会降低试题的难度,提高选择的正确率。
值得一提的是,近年来的高考完形填空,已很少有纯粹的语法题材。完形填空主要考查考生根据不完整的上下文,推断出文段发展走向的逻辑思维能力,其考查的重点不是语法和词法的知识。任何一篇文章的句子结构和内容上不会孤立存在,句子与句子之间是有很强的逻辑关系的。因此,必须借助上下文的一些暗示才能正确解题。
第四步:复读全文,逐空验证,弥补疏漏。做完所有的空格后,把所选的答案补入空格中,把文章通读一遍,逐空认真复查,看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章,语法结构是否正确,是否符合习惯表达法,发现误选的答案或有疑问的、不清楚的答案,再次推敲,作出修正。
核
这里所说的“核”指的是“核对答案”。核对答案时要注意根据上下文的逻辑来做题这一精髓。核对答案后要特别注意做错的题目,分析做错的原因,这样可以避免今后再犯同样的错误。这一步相信大家都很清楚,这里就不再多作说明。
填
这里所说的“填”,指的是“填空”,即不看答案,考生自己再读文章,利用上下文的逻辑关系,根据先易后难的原则,把空格补充完整。这种填空的训练有利于培养考生良好的思维习惯,有利于训练考生的逻辑思维能力,有利于提高考生的“断句恢复能力”,有利于加强考生的语篇理解和把握能力以及词语的应用能力。考生每周应坚持做2~3道高考真题的完形填空。经过几个月的训练后,考生完形填空的做题能力肯定会大大提高。
另外,这样“填空”的训练也可利用高三的课文中的“选词填空”进行。训练的时候建议大家把给出的词语蒙住不看,自己来填空。
读
这里所说的“读”指的是“熟读”。填好的短文要读5遍以上,达到熟练的程度。熟读的目的是培养语感,积累语言材料。语感形成了,头脑中积累的语言材料丰富了之后,完形填空的做题能力在无形中也就有效地提高了。
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1. 依据上下文确定答案的法则:从近几年的完形填空题看,近义词或近义短语的测试力度逐渐加强,并成为测试热点。四个选项不是词义相近,要不就是近义动词的同一种时态的现象,或名词的单复数搭配。若选项词义差异很大,必然文章中藏有提示语,正因如此,往往第一个选项有时需要读完全篇短文才能准确回答。
2. 词语语义与强于语法原则:完型填空题的首句不留空,目的就是告知短文的故事的四要素:地点、时间、人物和事由。再则,单纯语法题已基本退出该题型的测试范畴,所以,指导学生时,首先要告知他们这类现象。尽管四个选项的词语都符合语法规则,然而该题的解答必须遵循先全面理解篇章语义,再结合正确语言结构对每个空格作出准确无误的抉择。
第一步:跳读。带着空格通读全文,了解短文大意,判别短文文体,同时能将会做的题及时解决掉。
第二步:选答。这一步最为关键,要求考生对每一道题进行认真推敲,但是要告诫他们万万不可按照题的顺序答题,对那些不能拿不准的题先跳过去,遵循先易后难的解题原则。
第三步:推敲。这实际上就是要求考生对完形填空短文的篇章作通盘考虑,把其中一些需要依据上下文语境来考虑的比较难解答的题,以及句子之间和段落之间的逻辑关联较强的认真推敲,甄别,筛选和抉择。
第四步:复查。这是解答这类题的最后一步,要求考生解完题之后务必再把文章通读一遍,从整体上准确把握文章的真正意思,及时修改与全文有出入的一些选项。
应试技巧一:语境信息解题法: 近几年的完形填空题淡化了语法结构性的题,选项重在语意干扰,也就是说,对具体的语言知识应该融入具体的语境中去考虑,考生应具有通过上下文提示、暗示或铺垫,对篇章进行整体上的把握的能力。所以,快速浏览全文,迅速领悟篇章主旨,通过上下文语境选择答案选项乃解决完形填空的关键。
4) Our __47__ challenge was to keep the rock mixture __48__ enough.
47. A. next B. first C. past D. previous
48. A. cold B. wet C. loose D. clean
【题解:47. 答案为A项。短文前面提到第一个挑战是发电的问题,那么接下来的挑战就是如何保持温度的问题。48. 答案为B项。从下文提到的洒水车等事情,我们可以判断出这儿应该是“保持湿度”的语意。】
5) … Still others faced the storm bravely, walking miles to get to work.
I __40__ to be one of people on the way to work that morning. I went from subway line to subway line only to find that most __41__ had stopped. After making my way through crowds of people, I finally found a subway line that was __43__....
40. A. used B. promised C. deserved D. happened
41. A. practice B. routine C. process D. service
…
43. A. operating B. cycling C. turning D. rushing
【40. D项。从前面一句话和本句中one of people可知,作者当天上午碰巧也是去上班的人之一;41. D项。从上下文可知,由于风暴大部分地铁线路停运,所以唯有service符合题意;43. A项。从上下文的语境中我们可知道作者最后找到有一条地铁线还在营业,operating本身含有“营业的”意思,相当于be on service。】
6) After the birth of my second child, I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with an experienced __36__ for a few days, I was __37__ to wait tables on my own. All went __38__ that first week
36. A. manager B. assistant C. cook D. waitress
37. A. promised B. invited C. allowed D. advised
38. A. well B. quickly C. safely D. wrong
【36. D项。根据下文“I was allowed to wait tables on my own”可以判断,作者是和有经验的女侍者一起工作了几天;37. C项。从上下文可知,几天后作者被允许单独做餐饮招待服务了;38. A项。有下文可以判断出,她的第一周工作非常顺手,没出意外。】
应试技巧二:语法结构法: 高考完形填空题基本都是在语境中考查考生对语法知识的掌握程度,单纯考查这类题很少。而在完形填空题中考察语法项目的主要是动词的各种时态、语态和语气、谓语和非谓语形式等。所以这类题需要考生有较为扎实的语法基础知识,能够从句式的结构上辨别出须填相关的关联词、连词、副词、形容词或相应的动词,当然还要考虑到主谓一致的关系等语法知识要点。不过,切记解答这类题,必须是任何空格的语法正确的前提下,再考虑其他方面因素。
7) When it was 5:00pm, I was ready to go home. I was about to turn off my computer __49__ I received an email from Garth, my Director.
A. while B. when C. where D. after#p#副标题#e#
【49. B项,这儿when的意思是just at the moment, 与前面的when意思不一样,A项的while无此意,D项的after不符合行为交互逻辑,C项完全是错误的。】
8) “I have been a soloist for over ten years. __53__ the doctor thought I was totally deaf, it didn’t __54__ that my passion couldn’t be realized.
53. A. However B. Although C. When D. Since
54. A. mean B. seem C. conclude D. say
【53. B项,由第二段的内容以及本句的句意“尽管医生认为我已经全聋了,但是这并不意味着我的热情会消失。”,故此处应为让步状语从句;54. A项,由句意可知。】
应试技巧三:复现解题法:这类题多为同义词、近义词和反义词的复现或同义词、近义词和反义词异形复现的形式。这种测试手法主要是考查考生的整体篇章意识和上下文推断能力。
9)In particular, there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in fairies. Not all of these __21__ are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some folk-tales they are __22__ and cause much human suffering.
21. A. babies B. believes C. fairies D. supermen
22. A. powerful B. cruel C. frightened D. extraordinary
【21. C项,同义原词的复现;22. B项,异形近义词的复现】
10)On August 26, 1999, New York City was struck by a terrible rainstorm. The rain caused the streets to __36__ and the subway system almost came to a stop.
36. A. break B. flood C. sink D. crash
【36. B项,异形近义词的复现】
11)Garth’s email was short, but I learned more from that __52__ message than I ever did from a textbook.
A. accurate B. urgent C. brief D. humorous
【52. C项,异形同义词的复现】
应试技巧四:固定搭配解题法:这类题与语法结构题有点类似,但主要惯用搭配,讲究词与词的搭配,涉及到关联词、动词、副词、形容词、名词和短语等。
12) Telling him that he no longer needed to enjoy them but I still needed to write them, I __28__ until the day he graduated.
28. A. held up B. gave up C. followed D. continued
【28. D项。由句意可知,“尽管儿子不愿意再收到我的字条,但是我依然坚持写到他毕业为止。”这道题实际上是一道固定搭配题,其结构为not…until,但句中没有否定副词not,再则,若A、B两项短语用于这一结构中须与not连用,故不合题意;C项的followed应为及物动词,后面需加宾语方可,再则followed在此有歧义,也不合题意,由于continue是延续性动词,所以,无需否定副词,在这一固定搭配中只有瞬间动词才与not连用。】
13) He had spent those years well, graduating from college, __30__ two internships(实习) in Washington, D.C, and finally, becoming a technical assistant in Sacramento.
30. A. organizing B. planning C. comparing D. completing
【30. D项。大学毕业之后,又实习了两个学期,最后在萨克拉门托做一名技术助理。这儿指完成实习,故惟有completing符合题意。】
应试技巧五:逻辑语气解题法:这类题主要是通过分了解全文的人物、时间、地点等信息之后,再分析句子与句子之间的关系,段落与段落之间的关系来解题。这种逻辑语气主要包含并列、递进、因果、转折和委婉语气等等。这类题的选项多为连词、副词或具有连词意义的各类短语。
14) All went well that first week. When Saturday night came, I was luckily given the tables not far from the kitchen. __40__, I still felt it a little hard to carry the heavy trays.
40. A.Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Finally
【40. B项。从整篇文章来看,在这儿只是一个转折语气,表示在前一个星期的顺利,在这一天却遇到了一些麻烦。Therefore是递进语气,finally也属递进语气,但表示是最后一步的语气,多指结论性的行为,不符合题意;otherwise虽属转折语气,但多为推断或假设否定语气,而本文所叙述的是真实事例的呈现,所以,惟有however符合题意。】
15) He had spent those years well, graduating from college, completing two internships(实习) in Washington, D.C, and __31__, becoming a technical assistant in Sacramento.
31. A. hopefully B. finally C. particularly D. certainly
【31. B项。有上文及全句的意思可知,在这儿是作者六年求学和工作的最后一个环节,表示毕业之后找到了一份工作,从预期上讲,应该是结论性的,所以,惟有finally符合题意。】
在进行有关逻辑语气题时,必须要符合原文的意思,要瞻前顾后,审慎分析,细心推断,密切注意相关连词的连用,注意语气的变化,应从细节着手。
应试技巧六:利用文化背景和生活常识解题法:高考完型填空题的命题形式均为独立的语篇形式,并交织和渗透着各类相关的常识与文化背景知识。这类题主要是考查考生应该把握的英美国家的文化背景知识和生活常识,但是一旦将这些知识放到具体的场合中进行考查时,有些考生可能就不会灵活地加以运用他们所学过的知识。因此在解题时,考生所学的语言知识和其他有关英美国家的文化背景知识在考试中都会发挥重要作用,唯有在无法准确把握语言知识时,可充分利用所学的社会知识和科普知识进行语境判断。
16) Yesterday the sales office rang us to say the car was __23__.
A. right B. ready C. fixed D. sold
【23. 答案为B项。依据生活常识,买车前一般要提前预订,因此这里的意思是销售部打来电话通知作者,他们的车已经到了,让他们前去提车。】
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一、接动名词(不接不定式)作宾语的34个常用动词
admit doing sth. 承认做某事 advise doing sth. 建议做某事
allow doing sth. 允许做某事 appreciate doing sth. 感激做某事
avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事
delay doing sth. 推迟做某事 deny doing sth. 否认做某事
discuss doing sth. 讨论做某事 dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事
enjoy doing sth. 喜爱做某事 escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事
excuse doing sth. 原谅做某事 fancy doing sth. 设想做某事
finish doing sth. 完成做某事 forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事
forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事 give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
imagine doing sth. 想象做某事 keep doing sth. 保持做某事
mention doing sth. 提及做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事
miss doing sth. 错过做某事 pardon doing sth. 原谅做某事
permit doing sth. 允许做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事
prevent doing sth. 阻止做某事 prohibit doing sth. 禁止做某事
put off doing sth. 推迟做某事 report doing sth. 报告做某事
risk doing sth. 冒险做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事
suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 understand doing sth. 理解做某事
二、接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词
advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
ask sb. to do sth.请(叫)某人做某事
bear sb. to do sth.忍受某人做某事
beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事
cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事
command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事
elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事
forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事
force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事
get sb. to do sth. 使(要)某人做某事
hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事
help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事
invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事
like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事
mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事
need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事
oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事
order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事
request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事
tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事
train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事
trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事
want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事
wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
三、接不定式(而不接动名词)作宾语的24个常用动词
afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事
agree to do sth. 同意做某事
arrange to do sth.安排做某事
ask to do sth. 要求做某事
beg to do sth. 请求做某事
care to do sth. 想要做某事
choose to do sth. 决定做某事
decide to do sth. 决定做某事
demand to do sth. 要求做某事
determine to do sth. 决心做某事
expect to do sth. 期待做某事
fear to do sth. 害怕做某事
help to do sth. 帮助做某事
hope to do sth. 希望做某事
learn to do sth. 学习做某事
manage to do sth. 设法做某事
offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
plan to do sth. 计划做某事
prepare to do sth. 准备做某事
pretend to do sth. 假装做某事
promise to do sth. 答应做某事
refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
want to do sth. 想要做某事
wish to do sth. 希望做某事
注:有些不及物动词后习惯上也接不定式,不接动名词:
aim to do sth. 打算做某事
fail to do sth. 未能做某事
long to do sth. 渴望做某事
happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事
hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
四、接现在分词作宾补的20个常用动词
bring sb. doing sth.引起某人做某事 catch sb. doing sth. 碰上(撞上)某人做某事
discover sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事 feel sb. doing sth. 感觉某人做某事
find sb. doing sth. 碰上(撞上)某人做某事 get sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事
have sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事 hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人做某事
keep sb. doing sth. 使某人不停地做某事 listen to sb. doing sth. 听某人做某事
look at sb. doing sth. 看着某人做某事 notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某人做某事
observe sb. doing sth. 观察某人做某事 prevent sb. doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
see sb. doing sth. 看见某人做某事 send sb. doing sth.使某人(突然)做某事
set sb. doing sth. 使(引起)某人做某事 start sb. doing sth. 使某人开始做某事
stop sb. doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 watch sb. doing sth. 观五、接动词原形作宾补的11个常用动词
feel sb. do sth. 感觉某人做某事 have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事 let sb. do sth.让某人做某事
listen to sb. do sth. 听着某人做某事 look at sb. do sth. 看着某人做某事
make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 notice sb. do sth. 注意某人做某事
observe sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事 see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事
watch sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事
六、接不定式或动名词作宾语意思相同的12个动词
like to do sth / like doing sth. 喜欢做某事
love to do sth / love doing sth. 喜欢做某事
hate to do sth / hate doing sth. 憎恨做某事
prefer to do sth / prefer doing sth. 宁可做某事
begin to do sth / begin doing sth. 开始做某事
start to do sth / start doing sth. 开始做某事
continue to do sth / continue doing sth. 继续做某事
can’t bear to do sth / can’t bear doing sth. 不能忍受做某事
bother to do sth / bother doing sth. 麻烦做某事
intend to do sth / intend doing sth.想要做某事
attempt to do sth / attempt doing sth. 试图做某事
cease to do sth / cease doing sth. 停止做某事
七、接不定式或动名词作宾语意思不同的7个动词
(1) remember to do sth. 记住要做某事 remember doing sth. 记住曾做过某事
(2) forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事
(3) regret to do sth. 后悔(遗憾)要做某事 regret doing sth. 后悔(遗憾)曾做过某事
(4) try to do sth. 设法要做某事 try doing sth. 做某事试试看有何效果
(5) mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
(6) can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事
(7) go on to do sth. 做完某事后接着做另一事 go on doing sth. 继续做一直在做的事
注:stop to do sth. 与stop doing sth.也不同,前者指停下来去做某事,后者指停止正在做的事,但stop to do sth. 中的不定式不是宾语,是目的状语。
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一、接不定式(而不接动名词)作宾语的24个常用动词
afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事
agree to do sth. 同意做某事
arrange to do sth.安排做某事
ask to do sth. 要求做某事
beg to do sth. 请求做某事
care to do sth. 想要做某事
choose to do sth. 决定做某事
decide to do sth. 决定做某事
demand to do sth. 要求做某事
determine to do sth. 决心做某事
expect to do sth. 期待做某事
fear to do sth. 害怕做某事
help to do sth. 帮助做某事
hope to do sth. 希望做某事
learn to do sth. 学习做某事
manage to do sth. 设法做某事
offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
plan to do sth. 计划做某事
prepare to do sth. 准备做某事
pretend to do sth. 假装做某事
promise to do sth. 答应做某事
refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
want to do sth. 想要做某事
wish to do sth. 希望做某事
注:有些不及物动词后习惯上也接不定式,不接动名词:
aim to do sth. 打算做某事
fail to do sth. 未能做某事
long to do sth. 渴望做某事
happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事
hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
二、接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词
advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
ask sb. to do sth.请(叫)某人做某事
bear sb. to do sth.忍受某人做某事
beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事
cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事
command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事
elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事
forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事
force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事
get sb. to do sth. 使(要)某人做某事
hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事
help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事
invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事
like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事
mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事
need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事
oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事
order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事
request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事
tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事
train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事
trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事
want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事
wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
三、接动名词(不接不定式)作宾语的34个常用动词
admit doing sth. 承认做某事 advise doing sth. 建议做某事
allow doing sth. 允许做某事 appreciate doing sth. 感激做某事
avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事
delay doing sth. 推迟做某事 deny doing sth. 否认做某事
discuss doing sth. 讨论做某事 dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事
enjoy doing sth. 喜爱做某事 escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事
excuse doing sth. 原谅做某事 fancy doing sth. 设想做某事
finish doing sth. 完成做某事 forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事
forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事 give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
imagine doing sth. 想象做某事 keep doing sth. 保持做某事
mention doing sth. 提及做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事
miss doing sth. 错过做某事 pardon doing sth. 原谅做某事
permit doing sth. 允许做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事
prevent doing sth. 阻止做某事 prohibit doing sth. 禁止做某事
put off doing sth. 推迟做某事 report doing sth. 报告做某事
risk doing sth. 冒险做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事
suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 understand doing sth. 理解做某事
四、接现在分词作宾补的20个常用动词
bring sb. doing sth.引起某人做某事 catch sb. doing sth. 碰上(撞上)某人做某事
discover sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事 feel sb. doing sth. 感觉某人做某事
find sb. doing sth. 碰上(撞上)某人做某事 get sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事
have sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事 hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人做某事
keep sb. doing sth. 使某人不停地做某事 listen to sb. doing sth. 听某人做某事
look at sb. doing sth. 看着某人做某事 notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某人做某事
observe sb. doing sth. 观察某人做某事 prevent sb. doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
see sb. doing sth. 看见某人做某事 send sb. doing sth.使某人(突然)做某事
set sb. doing sth. 使(引起)某人做某事 start sb. doing sth. 使某人开始做某事
stop sb. doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 watch sb. doing sth. 观五、接动词原形作宾补的11个常用动词
feel sb. do sth. 感觉某人做某事 have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事 let sb. do sth.让某人做某事
listen to sb. do sth. 听着某人做某事 look at sb. do sth. 看着某人做某事
make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 notice sb. do sth. 注意某人做某事
observe sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事 see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事
watch sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事
六、接不定式或动名词作宾语意思相同的12个动词
like to do sth / like doing sth. 喜欢做某事
love to do sth / love doing sth. 喜欢做某事
hate to do sth / hate doing sth. 憎恨做某事
prefer to do sth / prefer doing sth. 宁可做某事
begin to do sth / begin doing sth. 开始做某事
start to do sth / start doing sth. 开始做某事
continue to do sth / continue doing sth. 继续做某事
can’t bear to do sth / can’t bear doing sth. 不能忍受做某事
bother to do sth / bother doing sth. 麻烦做某事
intend to do sth / intend doing sth.想要做某事
attempt to do sth / attempt doing sth. 试图做某事
cease to do sth / cease doing sth. 停止做某事
七、接不定式或动名词作宾语意思不同的7个动词
(1) remember to do sth. 记住要做某事 remember doing sth. 记住曾做过某事
(2) forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事
(3) regret to do sth. 后悔(遗憾)要做某事 regret doing sth. 后悔(遗憾)曾做过某事
(4) try to do sth. 设法要做某事 try doing sth. 做某事试试看有何效果
(5) mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
(6) can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事
(7) go on to do sth. 做完某事后接着做另一事 go on doing sth. 继续做一直在做的事
注:stop to do sth. 与stop doing sth.也不同,前者指停下来去做某事,后者指停止正在做的事,但stop to do sth. 中的不定式不是宾语,是目的状语。
八、可接双宾语的38个常用动词
(1) 双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词
award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 颁奖给某人
bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人
hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人
lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人
mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人
offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人
owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物
pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人
pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付给某人某物(钱)
post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人
read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb. 把某物读给某人听
return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人
send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人
sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人
serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. 拿某物招待某人
show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看
take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人
teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物
tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况
throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔给某人
write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. 给某人写信
(2) 双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词
book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 为某人预定某物
buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物
choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物
cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮某物
draw sb. sth. = draw sth. for sb. 为某人画某物
fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb. 为某人去取某物
find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 为某人找到某物
fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物
get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物
make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物
order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物
pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 为某人采摘某物
prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物
save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb. 为某人留某物
sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb. 为某人唱某物(歌)
spare sb. sth. = spare sth. for sb. 为某人让出某物
steal sb. sth. = steal sth. for sb. 为某人偷某物
注:有的动词后接的双宾语易位时,既可用介词to引出间接宾语,也可用介词for引出间接宾语,含义相同,如bring,play等:
Bring me today’s paper. = Bring today’s paper to [for] me. 把今天的报纸拿给我。
He played us the record he had just bought. = He played the record he had just bought for [to] us. 他放了他刚买的唱片给我们听。
有的动词后接的双宾语易位时,即可用介词to引出间接宾语,也可用介词for引出间接宾语,含义不同,如leave等:
They left me no food. = They left no food for me. 他们没给我留一点食物。
My uncle left me a large fortune. = My uncle left a large fortune to me.
我叔叔死后留下一大笔财产给我。
而有的动词后接双宾语时,既不能用介词to引出间接宾语,也不能用介词for引出间接宾语,如allow, ask, cause, charge, cost, forgive, refuse等:
He allows his son too much money. 他给他儿子的钱太多。
He asked me some questions. 他问了我一些问题。
This caused me much trouble. 着给我带来了许多麻烦。
He charged me five dollars for a cup of tea. 他一杯茶向我要了5美元。
His mistake cost him his job. 他的错误让他丢了工作。
I envy you your good luck. 我羡慕你的好运。
They forgave him his rudeness. 他们原谅了他的鲁莽。
He refused her nothing. 她要什么就给什么。
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高中英语语法中有很多固定搭配的内容,记住这些固定搭配就能在单项选择选对正确的选项。下小编为大家整理高考英语语法大全:固定搭配用法总结,希望能对大家的英语学习有所帮助。
1、高中英语词组固定搭配之接不定式(而不接动名词)作宾语常用动词
afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事
arrange to do sth.安排做某事 ask to do sth. 要求做某事
beg to do sth. 请求做某事 care to do sth. 想要做某事
choose to do sth. 决定做某事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事
demand to do sth. 要求做某事 determine to do sth. 决心做某事
expect to do sth. 期待做某事 fear to do sth. 害怕做某事
help to do sth. 帮助做某事 hope to do sth. 希望做某事
learn to do sth. 学习做某事 manage to do sth. 设法做某事
offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事
prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 pretend to do sth. 假装做某事
promise to do sth. 答应做某事 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
want to do sth. 想要做某事 wish to do sth. 希望做某事
2、高中英语词组固定搭配之有些不及物动词后习惯上也接不定式,不接动名词:
aim to do sth. 打算做某事fail to do sth. 未能做某事
long to do sth. 渴望做某事happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事
hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
ask sb. to do sth.请(叫)某人做某事bear sb. to do sth.忍受某人做某事
beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事
command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事
elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事
force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事get sb. to do sth. 使(要)某人做某事
hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事
mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事
oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事
tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事
trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
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(一)北京2004
Don’t Take the Fun Out of Youth Sports
When I joined a private football league a few years ago, the sport meant everything to me. My coach said that I had lots of potential, and I became captain of my 1 . That was before all the fun was taken out of 2 . At first, everyone on the team got 3 playing time. Then the team moved up to the top division after winning all its games, and the 4 started. Some parents, who had paid the coach extra so their daughters could have 5 one-on-one training, got angry when she didn’t give them more playing time in our 6 . The coach was replaced. The new coach, however, took all the fun out of the game: all we did during practice was 7 . I always wished to God that it would rain so we would not have the 8 . Of course, all teams run drills; they are 9 . But we ran so much that, afterwards, we had trouble 10 . Younger people shouldn’t be doing exercises 11 for 18-year-olds. I was very thin 12 I started football, but as a member of this team I wouldn’t eat much, because I was afraid of being too 13 to run. I feared making mistakes, and the added pressure caused me to make more than my usual 14 . Is all this pressure necessary? I 15 up leaving the football team. Four other girls did the same, and two of them stopped playing football completely. That’s 16 , because they had so much potential. They were just burned-out with all the pressure they 17 from the coach or their parents. I continued playing football at school and 18 my love for it. I joined a private team coached by my school coach. When I started playing 19 him, he told me I needed to relax because I looked nervous. After I 20 down, I played better. When you enjoy something, it’s a lot easier to do it well.
1. A. class B. club C. team D. board
2. A. playing B. living C. learning D. working
3. A. great B. equal C. right D. extra
4. A. business B. struggle C. attempt D. pressure
5. A. free B. private C. good D. basic
6. A. matches B. courses C. lessons D. programs
7. A. jump B. play C. run D. shoot
8. A. duty B. meeting C. operation D. training
9. A. necessary B. boring C. scientific D. practical
10. A. speaking B. moving C. sleeping D. breathing
11. A. used B. intended C. made D. described
12. A. till B. since C. before D. because
13. A. full B. tired C. lazy D. big
14. A. size B. share C. space D. state
15. A. gave B. kept C. ended D. picked
16. A. sad B. shameful C. silly D. serious
17. A. received B. suffered C. brought D. felt
18. A. reconsidered B. rediscovered C. re-formed D. replaced
19. A. at B. by C. for D. around
20. A. fell B. stepped C. slowed D. calmed
(二)湖南2004
I grew up in a community called Estepona. I was 16 when one morning, Dad told me I could drive him into a 1 village called Mijas, on condition that I took the car in to be 2 at a nearby garage. I readily accepted. I drove Dad into Mijas, and 3 to pick him up at 4 pm, then dropped off the car at the 4 . With several hours to spare, l went to a theater. 5 , when the last movie finished, it was six. 1 was two hours late!
I knew Dad would be angry if he 6 I’d been watching movies. So I decided not to tell him the truth. When I 7 there I apologized for being late, and told him I’d 8 as quickly as I could, but that the car had needed a major repairs. I’ll never forget the 9 he gave me. “I'm disappointed you 10 you have to lie to me, Jason.” Dad looked at me again. “When you didn’t 11 , I called the garage to ask if there were any 12 , and they told me you hadn’t yet picked up the car.” I felt 13 as I weakly told him the real reason. A 14 passed through Dad as he listened attentively. “I'm angry with 15 . I realize I’ve failed as a father. I’m going to walk home now and think seriously about 16 I’ve gone wrong all these years.” “But Dad, it’s 18 miles!” My protests and apologies were 17 . Dad walked home that day. I drove behind him, 18 him all the way, but he walked silently.
Seeing Dad in so much 19 and emotional pain was my most painful experience. However, it was 20 the most successful lesson. I have never lied since.
1. A. lonely B. small C. distant D. familiar
2. A. kept B. washed C. watched D. serviced
3. A. agreed B. planned C. determined D. promised
4. A. village B. community C. garage D. theater
5. A. However B. Then C. Therefore D. Still
6. A. realized B. found out C. thought D. figured out
7. A. went B. ran C. walked D. hurried
8. A. started B. left C. arrived D. come
9. A. word B. face C. look D. appearance
10. A. find B. decide C. believe D. feel
11. A. turn up B. drive out C. go away D. come out
12. A. questions B. problems C. mistakes D. faults
13. A. ashamed B. frightened C. nervous D. surprised
14. A. nervousness B. sadness C. silence D. thought
15. A. you B. myself C. me D. yourself
16. A. where B. how C. why D. when
17. A. meaningless B. useless C. helpless D. worthless
18. A. asking B. persuading C. begging D. following
19. A. physical B. practical C. personal D. natural
20. A. indeed B. always C. also D. almost
答案(二)
1—5 CDDCA 6—10 BDDCD 11—15 ABABB 16—20 ABCAC
(三)湖北2004
Elizabeth Clay decided to go home and spend the holiday with her parents. The next day she drove her old car home along the road. 1 she found she got a flat. The 22-year-old student 2 to stop her car by the side of the road in the winter night and opened the trunk. No 3 tire.
At this time, a car 4 . Paul and Diane told Clay to 5 them to a service station near their 6 . They arrived to see that it had no suitable tires to 7 with her car. “Follow us home,” said Paul.
The couple called around to find a tire, No 8 . They decided to let her use their own car. “Here,” Paul said, handing Clay a 9 of keys, “Take our car. We 10 be using it over the holiday.”
Clay was 11 . “But I’m going all the way to South Carolina, and I’ll be gone for two weeks,” she 12 them.
“We know,” Paul said. “We’ll be 13 when you get back. Here’s our number if you need to 14 us.”
Unable to believe her eyes, Clay watched as the 15 put her luggage into their car and then 16 her off. Two weeks later she 17 to find her old car cleaned inside and out with three new tires and the radio 18 .
“Thank you so much,” she said. “How much do I 19 you?” “Oh, no,” Paul said, “we don’t want any money. It’s our 20 .” Clay realized that while it might have been their pleasure, it was now her duty to pass on their “do onto others” spirit.
1. A. Suddenly B. Finally C. Immediately D. Fortunately
2. A. afforded B. wanted C. allowed D. managed
3. A. spare B. free C. full D. empty
4. A. passed B. stopped C. paused D. started
5. A. help B. push C. take D. follow
6. A. garage B. house C. shop D. hotel
7. A. agree B. match C. go D. deal
8. A. way B. message C. success D. luck
9. A. set B. number C. pair D. chain
10. A. can’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. won’t
11. A. satisfied B. worried C. astonished D. disturbed
12. A. persuaded B. advised C. reminded D. promised
13. A. happy B. here C. away D. busy
14. A. get in touch with B. keep in touch with
C. be in touch with D. put in touch with
15. A. repairmen B. cleaners C. friends D. couple
16. A. sent B. shook C. watched D. drove
17. A. shocked B. happened C. returned D. came
18. A. loaded B. fixed C. tied D. rebuilt
19. A. owe B. lend C. give D. offer
20. A. wish B. job C. duty D. pleasure
答案(三)
1—5ADABD 6—10BCDAD 11—15CCBAD 16—20ACBAD
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